,«»— ?^?Ste^ ^SU S' y L I B RAFLY OF THE U N 1 VLR.5 ITY or ILLl NOIS PI4- cop-2. lU. HIST. SURVEY (o / HISTORY OF MASSAC COUNTY, ILLINOIS WITH LIFE SKETCHES AND PORTRAITS BY O. J. PAGE, Editor " Journal-Republican." Member Forly-Flrsi General Assembly. IN I WO PARTS. PARI ONE— HISTORICAL. 4 97 ( f yp I ' 7 PirMcattoit* To a drcoted and sacrificing uife, to a host of friends and to the stalwart citizenship of Massac County, we dedicate this work. AUTHOR ^llxnoxB. By thy river gently flowing, Illinois, Illinois, O'er the prairie verdant grooving, Illinois, Illinois, Comes an echo o'er the breeze. Rustling through the leafy trees; And its mellow tones are these, Illinois, Illinois, And its mellow tones are these, Illinois, Illinois. From a wilderness of prairie, Illinois, Illinois, Straight thy way and never varies, Illinois, Illinois, ' Till upon the inland sea Stands thy great commercial tree, Turning all the world to thee, Illinois, Illinois, Turning all the world to thee, Illinois, Illinois. When you heard your country calling, Illinois, Illinois, When the shot and shell were falling, Illinois. Illinois, When the Southern host withdrew, Pitting Gray against the Blue, There were none more brave than you, Illinois, Illinois, There were none more brave than you, Illinois, Illinois, Not without thy wondrous story, Illinois, Illinois, Can be writ the Nation's glory, Illinois, Illinois, On the record of the years Abr'am Lincoln's name appears. Grant and Logan and our tears, Illinois, Illinois, Grant and Logan and our tears, Illinois, Illinois. ERRATA. KEAD— (a) Louis XlVth p. \:\ instead of "LiMiis XlXtli." (h) 1827-I8:n I). 4:{. instcjul of ••1S72-188:}." (c) John H. Mulki'v instead of "John (\ Miilkcv," ]». 71. (d) July, 1841), p. 78, instead of •'1S44 or isir..'" mikI Kim- in stead of "Davison." [o) John II. Noiris instead of "Morris," p. SO. (f) Uncle instead of ''father," p. 91, line 32. (g) Dr. S. J. Rhoads in.stead of "O. J. Page," author, p. 90. (h) Janirs E. (Jowan. M. I)., came to the conntv 1S<;4. grad- uated at tlif Kiisli Mt'dical College, and cntcMcd upon i lon^ an. ,1. TAiJE. Metropolis. 111.. Sept. 1. liiilO. Hon. Robert Wilson McCartney. FRONTISPIECE. HISTORY OF Massac County. CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY EVENTS. ( O. J. PAGE.) IK the bcj^hiiiiiii; God ci'calcd the heavens aiul llie earth." "*Aud God said. Let us make man in our own iniajiv; in the image of (lod created lie him; mak- and fennde created He them." "And the Lord God phmted a garden eastward in Eden; and there He put the man and woman lie liad formed." ^ This is the sacred historical record of man's origin and first home in Eden, supposed to have been located in tlie valley of the Euphrates in Western Asia. From this "paradise" he has peopled the earth amid zones of icebergs and snow, as well as meadows of lilies and orange groves. Diffei'ent climatic conditions have changed his skin, and varied environments have multiplied liis languages until today wc have diflferent race:-: and many tongues. From the biith of T'lirist back to "'he Itegiuning" the period of time is uiicerlaiu l»ii( vague speculation. Usher's Hiblical chronology lixes it at 4.004 years. It cei-tainly was longer. Nations aros<* in the vigor of youth, (iourished and decaved. Successive! v over eat li oilici's ruins was erected a 8 History of grander civilization in the evolution of man. China, Egypt, Persia, Judea, Athens and Eome bloomed and withered. In the 15th centurs" civilization and trade hugged the Mediterranean sea, satisfied in the folly that the shores its waves were wont to kiss was all th(^ world. Spain, now a b}'- word, was fast becoming a mighty nation. Franco. England, the Netherlands, Portugal and Italy were also strong and ven- turesome. In intellect men were broadening; commercially and in area their nations keenly felt the restriction imposed upon them. New and shorter routes to Cathay, and new routes to unknown fields must soon be found. Navigators and geographers did not di-eam the earth was round. Sailing was done near the frequented shore in small vessels. Deadly fear of hideous monsters prevented voyagers from attempting to cross the broad Atlantic, which bore upon its restless waves messages unread of the most inviting and fruitful land the hand of God had formed. The hour and man arrived. Christopher Columbus, born in the seafaring town of Genoa, Italy, a studious boy anpi and tlie region of the upper lakes. 1>(' Soto was ihe first white man t<> view th<' .Mississip|»i rivei-, l.~»ll. lie crossed the river at a point a slmii tlisiance below the present city of Memjthis. continued his c\|iloiat ions until June 5th. 1541*. when he died, and was buried in the "j^reat river'' at a ]»oint below the nioulli of the Arkansas. Tlis thrj'e hnndi'ed followers were scattered, many disaji- j)eared, others ajtjieared in Mexico, while tradition states that one band found a temporary restin i-iver. just abo\ c the ruins of old Fort Massac. Span- ish relics have been found around a ruin, that tradition still matks as a tcm|ioraiy fort, used by he Soto's men to protect themselves from the Indians. One hiiudred years after I>e Solo's discovery of the '(ireat River" the lirst Canadian envoys met the Indians of the north- west at the Falls of St. Mary, but it was not until nineteen yeara afterwards that the fii-st missi(»n was established in that repion. Menard, who founded this lirst mission, jterislied in the wfKids a few months afterwaids. and in 1(1(15, Father (Maude Allonez. built the earliest of the pei-manent habiia tions of while men anion;i liie liMljans of the Norl liw est . In iri<;s. ("laude [»ablon and .James Mar(|Uette founded th«' mis- sion at St. Mai-y's I-'alls; in 1<»T(I. Nicholas Teri-ol. explored Lake Miehi^an as far as ("hica^^o; in 1(171. foiMual possession 12 History of of the Northwest was taken by French officers in the presence of the surrounding tribes of Indians. Marquette, by this time had gathered a little flock of listeners around him at Point St. Ignatius, on the mainland, north of the island of Mackinac. He had heard of the "Great Riyer"' of the west, and of the untutored tribes of men who lived along its banks, and he wished to go and seek them out and preach to them. His heart was filled with joy when he received permission from Talon to carry out this great d(^sire. As companions. Talon sent to him from Quebec. Monsieur Joliet and five boatmen. Fpon the l:;th of May. l(:i:'.7. this little band of se\en French- men left Michillimacinac in two bark canoes, lightly laden with stores, to tem]>t the unknown and go, they knew not whither. They finally leached, through the aid of friendly In- dians, the >\'isconsin river, and Moated down its sand-barred stream, past vineclad isles and pleasant slopes, bordered with alternate groves and meadows, until the 17th day of June, 1673, when they entered the Mississippi river, as ^larquette writes, "with joy, that 1 cannot express.-' - They beheld deer and buffaloes; and great fish, one of which came near wrecking their canoe; the swan, and birds of many kinds and hues; but no men. On the 21st of June, they observed footprints of men along the western bank of the river, and a little path leading into a ])leasant meadow. Leaving their canoes, Joliet aud Marquette boldly advanced upon this path, and soon came to an Indian village, where they were well received by four old men. who presented them the pipe of peace, and told them, that this was a village of the "Illinois." They were feasted on fish, dog and butfalo, spent a pleasant night among the true and genuine native lilinois- ans, and next morning were escorted to their canoes by six hundred people. The Indians warned them, before they departed, of a terrible demon in the river further down, who would devour them, but they made their escape, and duly passed his lair without accident. This demon was a pillar of rocks, now known as Grand Tower, in Jackson county, Illinois. They reached the Onaboskigou, or Ohio, an important stream which Massac County. 13 faikil lo imprt'ss .M;iit|Uci ir wiili its iiiiiiiciisii \ . and liiially !-fai'lu*il tin* nunUli mI ilic AiUaiisas. i AUaiiiscas.i llcic tlicy had lr«Mild»' widi llic liidiaiis. ImiI 'MmxI ttnirlicd llicir In-aiMs." says llir pittus .Mar(|U(iit. au^ ilicy wric allowed in iddcccd lo the viliajjt' (if AUamscas, w licrc they \\«'i«* rcicivrd and I'rasicd buuinifnily «»n do^ nn-ai and ollici- Inxiiiifs. Here \v<* nuist leave Pierre .Maiqiieife. or lalliei-, alter slating ilial lie relunied to the Illinois, and on (he iMli of .May. I(i7."i. died, ahnie in ihe snhlinie wilderness, on the shores ol Lake .Mich i^Mii. near the nionih »d" the Mar(|uet(e a river named in his honor. The next jireat French e.xplorers are UoIm rt d-- La Salle and Louis Ileiiuejtin, Avhose iianu's \vi' may icad on the map ol llli nois. 'i'o La Salle heloiins the lioiior of discoverinji; the Ohio river. Maniiieite had heard of Ihe Ilohio. i)iit died before he could visit ii. .Mtoiit the fall anhio lixei*. and the pioneei' of Illinois history, lie and his Imxui companion. ('he\alier Tonti. an ilalian. contin- ued iln-ir e.\j»lva;;(' <»f (lisrovcrv (l<»\vii llic Mississippi. st(>p|K'(l al a Nillagt* ol" Kas- kaskias. on ilic rpjM'r Illinois rixor, and. at Iln-ir reipR'st, ro- luiiicd thillu'i- in KiT."), lonndin^ a mission anion^ tluMn, called ••(In.* Ininiacnlatc Coui-cplion of the Hlfsscd \'ii-^in." Fatln'r Claude Alloncz was appoinlrd to snccccd him. aflci- Mar- quette's death. l»v the Snjiei-ior (ien<'ial of the desuits, at (^ui'- bee. He called this villay. Father Allonez c-luny; to tliis Illinois mission until he ditnl in 1(I!U>, and was succeeded by Sebastian liashs. in KliU', the latter i*euiaiuinjr in charj^e until 1(J(K{. when he was recalled to his fornu'r station, anionjjt the Abenakis, on the Kennebec river, in Maine. Father Jaques (JraxiiM- received tliis mission from ll:ish's and remained until U)!>7 when he was recalled lo Mackinac. (Jra\ier was succeeded in l(i!)7 by Fathers Julian IJinneteau and Jacpies. or (Franceis) IMnet. In December, !<'.!»!>. liinneteau. while witli the Indians, on their annual hunt, diiHl of a fever, and his remains were left to bleach alonj^ the track of the butTalo. In 1698, Gabriel Mai-est, and it was \inder his gtiidauce, in the year 17(10, that the missictn to the Kaskaskias was iv- inoved fi-oni tlie Illinois river to the Mississij>pi. The inten- tion was to journey to the Frencli establishment, founde'IbervHle on the lower !Mississip])i. The Indians witli Marest, who was sick, lialted between tln' Kaskaskia and Mis- sissippi rivers, and thus, doubtless, providence, through the sickness of Marest, laid the foundation of the iKMinanent set- tlement of Kaskaskia. an«l the futui-e jin-atness of Illinois and tlie Northwest. Hut for this settlement (le<>rj;e Koj^er (Mark would never have undertaken tl77S) his exiMnlition to the Illi" nois. and the whoN' Northwest, not bein^' in occupancy of the colonial forces, as was the c;ise with ("auada. would li.i\c been set olT to Knj^huHl at tlu' Treaty of Teace afiei- ilie l{<'\olu- tionary ^^'ar. Father Marest remain<*d at his new mission, and was bui-ie«i iliere. To him and .lames (Iraviei* sliould In- 1 6 History of the lionor of foimding Kasksskia, in the fall of the year 1700, styled by them '"Le Village d' Immaciilee Couceptioii de Cas- casqnias." In 1707. Father Merest was joined at Kaskaskia by Fath- er Je'an Mermet, who had. uudonbtedly before that time, founded a mission at what is now old Fort Massac, under the name of Assumption. This was the same year that Kaskas- kia was founded by Fathers Marest and Grayier. At this point the locality of Ma.ssac begins to assume a clearer outline, under the light of history. Hitherto it has been the purpose of the writer to giye the outlines of the advent of the white settler into the state of Illinois. This history has been brought down to the year 1700. Louis XIV — Le Grande Monarque — ruled in France, and claimed yast possessions in America — claims which were wrested from France, at a later period in the history of the Illinois country, a name of French deriya- tion — ''Illini,'' the name of the Indians that inhabited this section with the French aflftx, "ois,"" meaning the people or country of the Illini. The Wabash riyer had at an early day attracted the atten- . tion of the adyenturous pioneers of the wilderness. The head waters of this stream, called by the French Ouabache, on ac- count of their contiguity to the Great northern lakes and the French possessions in Canada, furnished an accessible passage into the interior, the southwest, which w^as not neglected by the explorers, who risked their liyes freely for the sake of making new discoyeries. As early as 1719, De Vincennes established or aided in es- tablishing, on the Wabash, the post named for him and Fort Ouatanon, higher up the riyer, had also been established by the French. There is a claim that these settlements bear a more ancient date, but. in yiew of the fact that the record bearing on the Wabash settlements must include the lower Ohio river to its mouth, which bore, also, the ncme of Wabash, it is probable that the mission, called Assumption, at the pres- ent site of "Old Fort Massac" has befm credited by historians as haying been at the present Vincennes. It IS stated by Dillon, in his history of Indiana, that the Massac Cointv. 17 ,lii(li«'i;iii. a ( ';iii;i»ii;iii (illicri-. jissisli-d liv (lie .l< Miil Missioii- i\v\ . Ml riiit't. Itrfdic ilic ni otiiii- aiiiiioiitirs. noiahlv I>i-. -Icthii (J. Slu-a. iit his .Icsuit Missions in America, jiivt- us surli details as h'ad to the eonrlusion that liiis post uas founded bv Jurheiau at the prest'iit site of •'Foit Massa<-.** as a tiadin"; post, and that Merniet. his Jesuit associate. i\\so estal>lish«'d alonji witii the jMist. a Inanrli mission which he called "Assumitt ion." fi-oni which he taught or instructed the Southern Indians. Ii\in<;; on the (heiitkee ( Tenn«'sseei ftnd Shawnei* (Cnmberlandi rivers. In the earlv maps these rivers — last name hite shinin;; riv;'r. an,4ecial providence that permits not the fall of a sparrow^ unnoticed. The French traders desired their priest, and invited Father Mermet to visit the place and engage in mission work, which he readily did, it being in every way suited to his views, and in accord with his purposes and desires in visiting the wilds of North America and enduring the hardships of the wilder- ness. This co-operative union of the mission wdth the trad- ing post endured only for four or five years, or until about 1705, when it was broken up on account of a quarrel among the Indians themselves, in which, unfortunately, the Freuch, in trying to keep the peace, became involved to the extent that their lives were endangered, and they fled for safety, leav- ing behind all their stores of trade and barter, together with thirteen thousand buffalo hides which they had collected for shipment to Canada and from thence to France. This mission and trading post, brought to such a disas- trous termination in the manner described, was coeval with Massac County. 19 the luissiuii and villajic of lln.* liiuMaciiIale ('onccptioii al Kas- kaskia, of which Fathris Marost and (liavier wore the found- ei-s. Father Meiint't foUowcd Juchcicau down the Wabash to Massac, i-eniained here, as above shown, until forced to h'ave, wlien he i«|iaired to Kaskaskia and joined Father Marest, about 1707. It must be borne in mind tliat Massac — the mod- ern name is used to avoid tautolojjy — was a tradinj; post for about two years before it was a mission; so it was in 1707 that ^lermet retired from Massac to'Kaskaskia. It thus appears as a matter of iiistor\ tliat the first re- li^ous discourse ever preached on the Oliio river was }>reached at old Fort Massac, about 1702, or one hundred and ninety seven years ajro. by tlie k^arned Mermet. and. he bein<; tlie first preacher of any Christian cliurcli who discoursed tlie (Jos- pel of Christ in this part of the present state of Illinois, it is natural that the reader should desire to know more about him. History informs us, that "in 1701, Father Marest was joined at Kaskaskia, by Father Jean Mermet, who hadpreviously attempt- ed a mission amonjr the Mascoutins on the lower Ohio (Massac) and had also labored at the y;reat village of the Illinois d'e- oria)." Mr. Bancroft, the histonau. gives us the following in regard to this, the first of the itioneers of Mas.^ac count\ : "The g<*nlle virtues and fervid eloquence of Mermet made him the soul of the Mission of Kaskaskia." (This was after he had been forced to retire from Massiic.) FatlM'r Mermet contiini;'d to labor at l\askaski;i imiil his death in 17ls. and his reiiiains now lest with I lie torrfailuMs of that historic \illage. There has be«Mi some dispute as to the location of this trading post and mission at ^lassac. owing to the confusion caused by the early French writers calling the lower Ohio river — from the mouth of the Wabash to the Mississipjti. the Wabash. They knew nothing <»f the upper Ohio, and gave to that part of this nver with which they were accjuainted — the lower Ohio — the name of their favorite stream, the Wa- bash. Charlevoix says tliat the mission and trading jtost was "at the mouth of the Wabash which dis<'harg<'s itself into the Mississippi." La llai-pe and Le Suetii-. from jiersonal knowl- 20 History of edge tell us that a niission was formed among the Mascontiiis on the lower Ohio (Massac) near the mouth of the Ohio. The latter gives an account of its origin, and the former narrates an account of its trade and final abandonment. Til us it will be seen by even the cursory student of history that the tirst white men to visit this region were French. The settlements in Illinois, of which the settlement at Massac was a part, were prosperous. The French settlers im- bibed a love of the (;hase from the friendly Illinois Indians, and, in turn, taught the Indians how to cultivate wheat and make flour bread. As early as 1712, the French began to intermarry with the friendl}" Illinois Indians, and gradualh' the relations between them became so attached that a Frenchman could travel any- where among the Indians with perfect safety. Father Marest, writing from Kaskaskia, towards the close of 1712, describes the Illinois Indians as "'much less barbarous than the other Indians." The introduction of Christianitv and the civilizing agency of ''flour bread*' had greatly improved these Indians, and lessened their natural ferocity of disposition. During 1718 and 1719, the French settlements in this country were increased by emigration from Canada and from France by way of New Orleans, and M' de Bolsbriant was com- missioned by the French government to build Fort Chart res, one of the best and most thoroughly equip]>ed forts, when completed to be found in America. This fort was built for the use of the "Mississippi Company" then being formed by John Law and others, an association over which men and women went wild, and which, after it had ruined thousands and bankrupted France, surrendered its charter in 1732. The French by this time had established ''missions," sup- ported by "forts," from Canada to New Orleans. Metal plates with fleurs de luce, the lilies of France stamped upon them, were sunk in the ground, along the rivers, at points where they were unable to leave garrisons, and carvings on tre^^^s were made all declaring that the French had taken posses- sion of the country. Within this century some of them have been discovered, along the Ohio river and elsewhere, sad mem- Massac County. ji oiials (»f llic tliiist fui- ciiipii-*- iiixl (Idiniiiion ; of Ii(i|ms. tliat likr "iK'jiil Sfji Fniils." had alliiicd (Uilv to l!v fiom ilic ^^lasp tif tin- dis" Aria^ueite. . had foniiird ilnir jKjsition. ami Bienville was driven back, ami foiccd to an in- phwious retreat. The Indians then lu-onjrht forth their cap- tives, and celi-braled their \ictories in soii;:s anersed, and the French having constructed a sufTicieiit nund)er of rafts, loaded all the munitions of wai* and stores that they could carry upon ihe rafts, and fell back, d(»wn the river, on these rafis, to jdace thenisehcs in com- niMiiication with the French line of Forts on the Mississijipi. < )n iheir way towards New <>rli'ans. ihey passed ihe monilis of the Shawnee i( 'umberlandi and Cherokee ^Te^lnessee| riveis. and landed at the jioint now known as Fort Massac. They were well ac(|ii;iiiii( d wiiii this coiiniry. many of lliem. iKtta- bly St. Ange ije Ueile Kive and his followers, having gone fiom Illinois to I''t»it Du (^)uesne i(» help in Ihe defens<* (d" ilial jdace. ll was only IL'I) miles by laud in Kaskaskia and but 24 History of a little further to Fort Cluirtres, and tliev determined, upon the elevated embankment that ov(n-looket] the mouth of the Cherokpe river, ten miles al)Ove, and commanded a view of the "Beautiful river," eighteen miles below, to erect a fort, and make a final stand against theii- English foes. The stand was final and from the day — the sad day (to them) — when by order of their superiors, the French garrison at Massac retired to Fort Chartres, no French soldier has trod this classic shore. Having determined to erect this fort, the work, as histor- ians relate, was speedily accomplished under the direction of a young engineer, M. Massac, who gave to the new fort his ■own name — a name which it has borne from 1758 to the pres- ent time — Fort Massac. This point, as has been elsewhere observed, was as early as 1700 to 1705, a trading station under Juchereau, and a mission under Mermet. Hence grounds had been broken, the trees cleared away, and much work had been accomplished, rendering less arduous the erection of the Fort by Colonel Massac. The origin of this name, in the lapse of time has become involved in traditions, w4iich almost obscure the true history' of the place. There is a story extant of a massacre of the garrison b}^ Indians, who appeared on the Kentucky shore dressed in bearskins, thus beguiling the gar- rison into a bear hunt, when the Indian warriors, waiting un- til most of the soldiers had gone over the river, in their boats to kill the bears, and the rest, without arms, were watchijig the sport from the high bank, rushed upon them, took the fort, and massacred the garrison. This story forms a beautiful tradition, and it is unfortunate that it cannot be satisfactorily verified. It rests upon generally accepted tradition. Against this origin, appears the fact, that it scarcely could have been the French thus massacred, for the reason that the French and Indians were devoted allies and on but few occasions, was war waged between them. Especially is this true of the Illi- nois Indians, and the French. The only hostilities of conse- quence between the French and Indians was the conflict of ten or more years before, when the brave D' Artaguette lost his life in an attack ujton tlk' (_'hickasaw villages, in Missis- sippi. The stratagem of the ^'bear skins'' reads like one of Massac County -5 INtlilhh's iiist'S. Ill- \\;is ;il\\;ivs (lie Iritiid of iln- Fl'iMltll. nud il is icililili lluil lie iirvtr led ;i lii;iss;nir ;i;;;iiiisl tllclll. As lirluic sliilrtl. il sccllis ;illiu»sl iiitl rdililf lli:il 1 lie ^.ir- risoii '»f FiTiicli iit l''<»it Massnr wci-t nijissaticd l>v the Iii- tliaiis; f(»r at the time (»f wlii«li wc \>iil('. lu-foic and alin- wai'ds. ilif Indians, csitrciallv llir Illinois Indians, wcic I'nilli- fill and di'\"«>t('4, thai ihe foil was called "'Massiac. or Assum|tlion."' and tliH time (u" its ei-ectitm was tixed a veai- eailiei- — 17r»T. This may be Jic<-otiiited fof on the hypothesis that tli" l-^i-eiich. foi-esee- ing the inevitable abandonment of Foil I Mi (^uesiie. had sent a small detaehmeni to locate a fort at. or mar ihe month of the Ohio, so as to jdace the garrison in coinmnnicalion wiih the line of forts on the Mississijjpi river; and with that rever- «Mice for Honian Catholic festivals for which the French of that A(.' CfUNTV. 27 time and ftrtion. IM. Lewis ('. Itt'ck. in his ( Jn/dlct'i- of Illi nois and Missomi. i<;ijj;<' 111. dcsrrihinj:; tiic |(l;nt'. savs: "A foil was first Imilt licic hv ilic I-'iciirii wiicii in p<>ss4'ssi«iii *>{' this founiry. The In take il. whicli answiM-cd their pur jn»s«'. A nuMilK'r of \\:vu\ ajipcared in the day time on tin* opposite side of the river, ea* h of wlioni was roxeied with a bear skin, and walked on all fours. Snp|»osin;i tlieiu td he bears, a party of the French crossed tlie river in jtursuii , when England and France were at war. Because President Washington, a federalist, would not openly aid the French, Genet secretly aided in the organization of anti-Federalist clubs to enlist men and raise supplies in an effort to wrest the Mississippi valley from Spain. Alluring offers of French com- missions, pensions, titles and vast territorial interests, involv- ing the free navigation of the Mississippi river, controlled ')y the Spanish were made, especially to Kentuckians who nat- urally criticised the Washington ian government because they believed France was our great friend. Even General George Kogers Clark accepted a major general's commission, and when the forces began to leave the state Governor Shelby re- fused to prohibit them, replying to the secretary of state in substance that they were "friends" and "brethren," while Washington was an "enemy" and a "tyrant." Massac Cointv. 33 Tliis sentiiiii'iit \\;is so {^ciki-iI in Ktimickv tliiii I'lcsi- dent Washinjrloii (Htlcrcd (Ji'IhmjiI \\:ivii" t(> (tcciipy Foil Mas- sac with his aiiilh'iy ami aricst (he rash ('XpcdiliDii down the "Rivers." A great mass meeting was calh-d at Lexington, 17;M. which adopted violent resolutions of secession from the national governiiicnt. hut were niillilicd by the instant with- drawal of (iciicl ,111(1 (lisa\o\\al of his acis l»y his j;o\ ciiiiiiciiL Spanish— Altout ITsT to lllll, the Spanish government hi- trigucd with CicmMJil ^^'ilkiuson, Sebastian. Tunis and lu'om- inent Kentuckiaus to secede from the East, and establish an "Independent government." The pay was to be .fl'OO.OOO.OO, twenty cannon and munitions of war, supplied by his majesty, the I*ope. Fort Massac was to be siezed and become the cen- ter of opeiatious against all Western posts. He it said to the credit of Innis and Nicholas they refused. It was jtroved in the Kentucky legislature later that Sebastian annually drew a pension of $2,(R)(I from Spain, a Iraitor lo his country. Tin' plot failed. Burr's Conspiracy— Aaron Burr, vice-president, brilliant lawyer, and murderer of Hamilton, cousi)ired in lS(J(i and sought to aid the Si»anish. who Wino advancing against (Jen. Wilkinson, once coHiniandant of the Western forces at Fort Massac. Hurr induced IMannerhasset to join him. Ulanner- hassett's Island is in tlw Ohio. Kentucky and Tennessee be- came the field of his operations. He visited Fort Massac, and hoped to be able to either divide the nation, invade Mex- ico, or form an afstlietic colotiy on the \\'ashita rivei*. Gen- eral Wilkinson entered into tiie conspiracy, either as a de- tective or a traitor to Burr and reported the plot to President Jefferson and aided in the wholesale arrests which followed. Henry Clay defended Burr, who was acquit led. Wilkinson was later tried for treason and acquitted. Burr died in a hovel, fit penalty to traitors. 34 History of CHAPTER IV. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, (O. J. PAGE.) SURFACE — Massac county contains 244 square miles, or about 156,1G0 acres. The surface nat- urally divides itself into cultivated and timbered upland, low bottom lands densely timbered, cy- ^ press swamps, and small lakes. The lakes are ^^ to be found for the most part in a connected chain extending from the Cache river in the northwest corner of the county in a southeast- ward and then northeasterly course to big Bay river in the northeast corner of the county. Skirting these lakes are cypress swamps not covered during all the year with water biit even in the dryest season pre- senting a loose saturated black soil of a murky nature. Ad- jacent to these swamps is a stretch of low bottom land with undulating sandy ridges which join the foot-hills of the up- land, and intersect the swamps, rising slightly above the an- nual overflow. This lower surface of lakes, swamps and un- dulating low lands varies from a mile to four miles in width. The lakes occupy by far the smallest area, the swamps being more extensive, while the greater part consists in the low flat soil with undulating ridges or swells. Another swamp dis- trict, annually overflowed by the Ohio, lies in the Black Bend and is termed the Black Bottom. It contains long lines of sloughs, cypress ponds, low flats, and sand ridges. The Ohio bottom lands in Massac county, however, are quite limited Massac Colntv 35 as undulaliiii,' hills above high ^^aU•r closely fringe liie hank. Betweeu the chain of lakes, cypress swamps and low lands of the north and the (Hiio lies the upland, forming a narrow brok- en ridge in the western part becoming more rolling and wid- ening to the east, less cut by numerous ravines and forming the greater area of the county. Between Johnson county and the swamp lauds, the surface resembles Johnson county, is more elevated than the rest of the county, presents splendid open, tillable land, and in many places ends in precipitous blutVs niai-ginating the swamps. Drainape— One division of the uplands forms a water Bhed intersected by numerous ravines which carry the rainfall to the Ohio on one side and the lakes on the other. The Ohio backs up in the Cache river in the northwest and the drain- age from the hills inundates the low lands with an apparent tendency to escape into the Ohio river by the Hig Bay river, which it will do when that stream does not present as high backwater as the Cache. This order is reversed when the Cache is lower than Big Bay, presenting a drainage current alternating in its course. There also seems to be a low water- shed between the swamp lands and Cache and also the Big Bay, which retains a large body of water as these streams fall. Herein lies the much discussed question of drainage and will be some day solved. Professor Englemann, who made the extensive and accurate geological survey of Massac county for Illinois, under the direction of State Geologist Worthen, says the lands may be reclaimed by an artificial drainage system of simple dykes to prevent the overflow from the Cache and Big Bay rivers, and drainage ditches. This would reclaim 25,000 acres of the richest soil and add greatly to the health- fulness and material wealth of the county. Western Massac contains no large creeks. Eastern Massac is drained by the Robinel. liarren. Dog, Elkhorn and Massac creeks. Soil^ — The upland between Johnson county and the swamps is underlaid with sand and limestone of the sub-car- boniferous fornuilion. The soil is light, warm and excellent farm land. The upland between the swamps and the Ohio J 6 History of river bottoms, in the less broken parts is a yellow loam, oak barrens which merges into post oak flats. Sandy soil occurs in township 14, range 5, while a sub-stratum of gravel forma- tion presenting a drj, sandy soil, varying to a rough yellow loam, occurs in townships and ranges: 15, 4; 14, 4; 15, 6; and 16,7. Thrifty German settlements have made of this uplajid fine fertile farms. The chain of lakes, cypress swamps, sand ridges, erosions on the sides of the bluffs in connection with the deep, loose, black silt formation clearly prove that the course of the Ohio river once followed the depression and after a change in the original course heavy currents of back water passed through until the deposit gradually prevented an ex- cessive overflow. Of similar nature is the soil of the Black Bottom, the most fertile soil on the surface of the earth. Timber — Heavy growths of valuable timber have dotted the surface consisting of barren, post, black, laurel, white, black-jack, and water oaks; barren, scalybark and pignut hick- ories; soft and sugar maple, pecan, tupeLo and black gum; ash, Cottonwood, sycamore, willow, yellow poplar, sass'afras, hazel, sumac, etc. Minerals, etc Coal formations do not extend into Mas- sac county; thin streaks of carboniferous matter have ap- peared which has led some to suppose coal might be found in paying quantities, but the state geologist assures us this is a "futile hope." He also informs us that all specimens of galena, or lead ore which have been found were brought by the Indians from other fields. In section 2G, range 6, town- ship 14, fluor spar has been found, indicating lead ore, vaguely so. Iron ore exists only as it is dessimated throughout tb'^ conglomerate gravel, which makes the conglomerate so val- uable in the construction of streets and pikes and which is found so extensively near old Fort Massac. The iron is also mixed with smilex and prevents its being smelted. Xear Go- lightly's mill is the best evidence of the existence of iron ore. The fluor spar might be utilized in the manufacture of hydro- fluoric acid used in the mechanical arts. Copperas springs along the Ohio river are found and are of no value. Fine plas- Massac County. 37 tiM-in;^ saiul |n<'\ ails. Tin- ('lirsici' and Si. I.otiis liiiifstoiU'S coiihl In' ulilizfd ill biiiUlin^. wiiiU- iIh- latlats and llie grasses llouiisli. One of the chief occupations, however, is gardening. The various vegeiables ai'* readily and pi-olilalil^\ grctwn. We have seen a number of delicious Nxatermdons weighing almost 38 History of 70 pounds, unlike the Missouri melon, retaining their flavor. Muslv-melons also thrive. Mneyards have been made to pay, while the delicious and beautiful strawberry develops into rare beauty, size and perfection. It might, perhaps, be a surprise to many to know that the winesap apple attains its most perfect growth in Massac county. To this statement, we know no exception in the way of territory. Winesap apples raised by Mr, K. Byrd Leeper in Jackson precinct have by the greatest horticulturists been declared to excel the world. By the investment of some mon- ey, the exercise of caution and patience it is believed the fertile acres of Massac county could be made to produce a Winesap apple which would tind a ready market at large profit. The open sweep from the southland and the great protection from cold storms by the skirting Ozarks on the north in a great measure accounts for this condition. Points of Interest in Agriculture— d. h. Freeman, the veteran secretary of the Massac County Fruit Growers' Asso- ciation, tells us in his most excellent little pamphlet, entitled "Southern Illinois," that the largest wheat yield was by John Anderson, who threshed 102 bushels off two acres; W. C. Sex- ton raised 2,005 bushels on fifty acres; John Stewart made 910 bushels on twenty acres; while J. D, Kennedy realized 29 bushels per acre on land which had been in constant cultiva- tion over 50 years without artificial fertilization and only one year in clover. John McElya raised 140 1-2 bushels of corn on one acre, and took the world prize, offered by W. H. Maule of Philadelphia, on canteloupes. The prize was $25.00, secured with a canteloupe weighing 28 1-2 pound; S. H. Johnson took a 115.00 prize for best yield of tomatoes and a |50.00 on the largest yield of Japanese buckwheat offered by Mr. Maule, and open to the world ; F. N. Kirk raised 300 bushels of Irish potatoes on one acre without the use of fertilizer; William Mesker raised a sweet potato w'eighiug 10 pounds, 9 1-2 inches by 13 1-2 inches in diameter; John Oakes paid |10 to raise an acre of melons which made him 1200; D. H. Freeman gathered 125 barrels of ajjples per acre on an orchard grown on land that had been in constant cultivation for seventy years. The Massac Cointy. 39 trees were sevi-ii vcais* ^iitwih; lutl»tii W illiaiiis, a piatliral gardener, grows four crops of vegetables each season on tin? sanu' soil. Proud ReCOrd-^ln the Illinois building at tlu- World's Fair was arranged a corn exhibit of immense proportions which astonished the world. From this exhibit was selected a small number of eai-s of corn to enter the competition in the general exhibit for the '^World's Best Corn'' prize. Mr. Free- man chose ears grown by IT. D. Fry, our county commissioner, as perfect ears of white bread-corn and Mr. Fry holds the di- ploma over the whole world. Because of this the state agri- cultural society called upon Mr. Freeman to supply from Mas- sac county the corn exhibit which took the premium at the Mid-Winter exhibit in San Francisco, California, the following winter. Why should we not feel proud of our record? 40 History of CHAPTER V. PEOPLES, (O. J, PAGE.) WHEK organized as a county, 1843, there were about 250 votes, near 1,500 people, composed for the most part of emigrants from the Southern States, and a few free negroes, others serving by inden- ^ ture. '^ A gradual though almost imijerceptible flow of Eastern and Northern elements has changed to a certain extent the character of the people, not distinctly racial as the Germans and colored. The census of 1890 gave Massac county "11,313, chiefly of American birth, including colored." An addition of 33 1-3 per cent will give us 15,084 under the census of this year, 1900. It may be less or it may be more. Of this number fully one-third are of German blood, while strictly demonstrating their heredity — many born in Germany ^they are positively Americanized, exceedingly law-abiding, industrious, frugal, honest, intelligent and control a lion's share of the wealth of tlie county. They support six churches and two parochial schools, although they are not exclusive, but sociable and fraternal. Not only are they engaged in till- ing many of the best farms, but they comprise many of our leading business men, hold bank stock, wield a strong politi- cal influence and are a valuable factor in the peace, progress and prosperity of Massac county. Another large element are of various extractions, among them a hardy Scotch element. Immigrants from Tennessee, Massac County. 41 Kentiirky. llir (';ir(»liiins. Oliid, l'ciiusvl\;iiii:i. M;iiiic and oilier places. I'^rom iliis cli-iiu'iii toiiu' iiu»si of our profi'HHioual iiu'ii. tcafluTs. l.iwv'.'is and plivsicians. Tlicic is not a sin;;lt* (iciinan pract icin^^ law in ^lassac count v. onlv a small pfi- cent of ilir physicians itnd a \i'r\ small |tcr ciii of ilic teach- ens. Instead theii- tastes run in oihoi- difections, while the vai-ifd elements of our society to a gicat nu'asure supply these professi(»ns. and are to be found among the best citizens of i he county. The coloi-ed race came to the river counties auKtup^ the first j»e(»iile in the hopes of securing tlieir fre<'doni. The \n\\- ceys and Cliavises wei-e early families- — tlie former always free. There are about TuW cidored vote's in the county and I'.oOO colored citizens, located juinc ipally in Metroi)olis. Hi-ooklyn, the Black Bottoms and in the lower end of the county. They are above the average of their race, and support two Method- ist, one Presbyterian, one Christian, and two Baptist chiiich- es. IMenty of teachers ait' snpi)orted — who are intelligent and well educated at Carbondale, 111., and Wilbei force, (Jhio, to instruct the iliildren. Aside from a lioaling element, they are industrious and law abiding, and represent considerable cai)ital. 42 History of CHAPTER VL POLITICAL HISTORY. (O. J. PAGE.) TERRITORY— After the Revolution the colonies ceded their western territory to the Federal Gov- ernment, which in 1787 was organized as the ''Northwest Territory." From this successive ^ states w^ere carved, until Feb. 3, 1809, Congress ^^ organized the '^Tllinois Territory," and fixed the capital at Kaskaskia. Vandalia became the capital in 1820, and Springfield in 1837. Ran- dolph and St. Clair counties constituted the ter- ritory. The government was ot the first grade until 1812, the territorial governor, John Boyle, succeeded by Ninian Edwards, was appointed by the President and in con- nection with the judges, constituted the "Legislative Council." The governor appointed all the officers; in 1812 the second grade was established and the people elected a legislative council of five members and a house of representatives of seven members, also a delegate to Congress. In 1809 there were but two counties, St. Clair and Ran- dolph. Tlie first territorial legislature increased the number to five by the addition of Madison, Gallatin and Johnson, in (1812); and Jackson, (1816); the fonr latter constituting S'Outhern Illinois. CONGRESSIONAL HISTORY. Shadrach Bond, Benjamin Stephenson, and Nathaniel Pope succeeded each other as territorial delegates to congress, (1809-1818). When Illinois was admitted it constituted one Massac- CniNiv. 43 ConprosKional diHtii»t, fmiii lSl8-183t*{. 'I'liis immumI was i-ov- erttl l>v tin- sixti'fiith to twciitv st'coiul «<»ii^r»'ssi'H, incluKivf. Danifl T. Cook of KaskasUia. a DciiKMial. rcpn'seiitfd the Stati* in the X\l.. W II.. Will., and XIXili ronj;n'KS«'H from ISIS to ISL'7, when .los»'|»li iMiiM-aii. hniHK rat. of .lackson aiul Mor};an tMmntics. siicci'i'di'd liiiu and s<'ivt'tl ), and Reynolds then succeeded him tluough the XXVlth and XXVlIth congresses, lS3y-*43. March 1, 18t3, the state was redistricted, and Massac hav- ing been formed, Feb. S. 1843. was included in this ai)i>ortion- ment. Along with thirteen other counties (tf Southeastern Illinois it constituted the second congressional district, there being seven in all. John A. ^IcClernand, democrat. Sliawnee- town, represented this distiict from l.' nine districts, Massjic witli seventeen other counties ill Stditliein Illinois, con- stituted the ninth. Willis Allen. 1 >eni()ci;it. Maiieii. served from isrui to 1855; Samu*-! S. Marslial. DenKuial. McLeans- borf» .is.')." '."i'.t; ;inn to this thi' act of is;',.') cicalcd live nioir rirmii judj^j's to h
(• jussi^nccK This niiinlM'i- was inci'('as<'d fi-oni yrai- to vcar nnlii l»y an act of Feb. 10. isi 1. I lie w hole judicial or^ani/.at ioii (tf cii-i nil juple and to serve nine years. The state was divided into s |ier (eiil of .ill caus«'s never g«t Iteyond iln*se courts, l-^ach county shall have two tei-ins, at least, annually. <"irciiit judges serve six years. The legislaluie ill is?;', divided ilie stale into twenty six judicial circuits, outside of CooU county, and onb red the elec tion of one judge to each circuit. In ISTT. the number of cir- cuit judges was increased by creating ihiiieen cik uiis oi iliie,> 46 History of judges each, twelve of whom were assigned to appellate duty upon the organization of those courts. In 1897 a new appor- tionment of judicial districts was made, constituting seventeen districts instead of thirteen. The salary of a circuit judge is $3,500 annually. Early courts for people of this section were held in Ben- ton, Jonesboro, Vienna, etc. When Massac county was organ- ized in 1843 tlie first term of circuit court convened on the third Monday of October, 1843. The judge, however, did not arrive until Tuesday, and the record says, ''Present, the Hon. Walter B. Scates, associate justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Illinois, and presiding judge of the third judicial circuit of said state."' Judge Scates continued to preside until the October term, 1847, when he was succeeded by the Hon. William A. Denning, associate justice of the Supreme Court. Judge Denning was relieved at the June term, 1854, by Hon. W. K. Parrish, a circuit judge, in and for the third judicial cir- cuit. Hon Wesley Sloan, commissioned judge in the nine- teenth circuit, March 19, 1857, succeeded Judge Parrish at the April term, 1857, and presided continuously until the Novem- ber terai, 1867, when Hon. John Olney succeeded him. Judge Olney presided until the May term, 1869. Hon. David J. Baker succeeded him. Judge Baker successively presided through the long period reaching to the November term, 1877, which was held by Judge John Dougherty. Judge Baker resumed this bench in the following April term, 1878. Judge Monroe C. Crawford held the November term, 1878, Judge Oliver A. Harker the April term, 1879, when Judge Baker again resumed the bench of Massac county, continuing until April term, 1884, during which year Judge O. A. Harker was the presiding judge. During the April term, 1885, Judge David J. Baker again pre- sided. At the special August and regular November term, 1885, Judge Robert W. McCartney presided and continued un- til the November term, 1891, except the November term of 1888, when Judge George W. Young presided. Hons. Joseph P. Robarts, Oliver A. Harker and A. K. Vick- ers were elected judges for this, the first circuit, June 1, 1891, and re-elected June 7, 1897. During this time they have each Massac County. 47 served upon the ImmuIi uf Massac fouiity. .Iiul^'c KoharlH is ii(»w assi«,MMMl t(i this cDiiiity. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY. When the first tti rit(nial legislature was elected, Oct. 9, 10, and 12. 1S12. tlicrc were live <(»un(ii*s, b?t, Clair and Han- dolph, created 171)r», and Madison, (Jallatin, and .lolmsun. or- ganized Sept. 14, 1812. Tins lt'gislatur(> comprised livt* council- men (Senators) and seven i-epresmtatives. l*i<.'rre Menard was presiilcnt of the council. Thomas Fuigeson was the council- man from this territory then compristMi in Johnson county. lie held the position from 1S12- -the lirst session — until the close of the early session, isit;. when John (Irammar, then of Johnson county, succeeded him. lia\in^^ previously heen the representative. Grammai was a member of the council wlu.'n the stale was admitted. Joseph i'almer was the representa- tive from Johnson county from 181G to ISIS and Samuel Omel- veney became a member of the last session from the newly formed county of Pope. liy the constitution adopted upon the admission of the .state, 1818, the number of representatives must not be less than twenty-seven, nor miue than thirty six until the population equaled 100,000 inhabitants, the senators were to be at least one-third the number of representatives and not more than one half. Massac county being a part of Johnson and Pope counties until 1843, was represented in the General Assembly of Illinois by the Senators and Kepresentatives from the dis- tricts in which they wt-re apportioned. From ISIS to 1S4S the adoption of the second constitution, Senators from Pope were Lewis IJarker in the first, second, third and fourth assemblies (18lS-'2(j); Samuel Alexander, fifth, sixth, seventh and i>art of eighth, (182G-lS33j; John Ivaum, part of eighth, and succeeded by James A. Whiteside in ninth and tenth; J. Worthington Oibbs. the eleventh and twelfth; (It'orge Waters, the thirteenih and fourteenth; Thomas G. C Davis, afterwards of Massac county, and a member of the constitutional convention of 1848, of the fifteenth. The Senators from Johnson coiinty were Thomas Roberts of the liisi; Militm I.athl of the semnd and 48 History of third; John Ewing of the fourth and fifth; Willis Allen- of Franklin county, afterward State's Attorney in Massac county, served during the fourteenth and fifteenth sessions. The Representatives from Pope county up to 1848 were Hons. Green B. Field; Robert Hamilton; William M. Alexan- der; Edward Robertson; Samuel Alexander; James A. White- side; William Sims; Charles Dunn; Jonathan Dairman; John W. Read, afterwards Sheriff of Massac county; George T. \\a- ters; Philip Vineyard; AVilliam Rhodes; Joseph Diarman, and Wesley Sloan. Johnson county has furnished Isaac D. Wilcox, William F. McFatridge; John Bridges; Joseph L. Priestly; John Oliver; Benjamin S. Enloe; John Dement; Andrew J. Kuykendall, and Enoch Enloe. The constitution adopted in 1848 gave the senate twenty- five members and the house of representatives seventy-five un- til the population should reach one million, when the number in the house could be increased to lOU. By section VII., the state was divided into twenty-five senatorial districts. Alexander, I^nion, Pulaski, Johnson, Massac, Pope and Hardin comprised the first senatorial district. This appor- tionment stood until 1854. The Senators were William Y. Da- vis, Johnson county, sixteenth session; Andrew J. Kuykendall, Johnson county, seventeenth and eighteenth. Tlie senatorial district did not, as now, coincide with the representative dis- tricts. Thus Massac, Pope and Hardin were allowed one rep- resentative and they were as follows: Wesley Sloan, Pope county, during three successive terms— the sixteenth, seven- teenth and eighteenth. Judge Sloan proved a most effective member in the statutory revision. February 27, 1854, Alexander, Union, Johnson, Pulaski, Massac, Pope, Hardin and Gallatin constituted the twenty- fifth senatorial district until 1861. Audrew J. Kuykendall of Johnson county served during all this time. Pope, Hardin, and Massac formed the second representative district as before and George W. Gray, Massac, Wesley Sloan, Pope; W. H. Green, Massac, served during the time, Hon. W. H. Green serving two terms. Massac Cointv. 49 lly ;iii ;»' liist senatorial distiiet and tion of the eonstitution, ISTO. Hon. W'.ll. (5ieen.Mas8a<',seived as SenatJir in the twenty third and twenty font tii (lencial As- (MMnhlies. He was the last (h-nux rat ic s»'nat(»r. liein^ sucoch"!- ey Hon. Daniel Mimn of Ahx- andep, now of Cook (tinnty. Huiin;; this time Massar. Pope and .hdinson continued as the seeond i-epiesentative distiiet and was fepreseiited liy Hojis. Thomas li. Hitks. Massa<-; W'il liani A. Looney. Jcdmson; Phil sen Senati>r and soon aftiT died. He was .«;ufc«'eded l>y \N'illiani <1. Bowman. Alexander. The other Senator was T. A. E. Holcomh. I'nion. Pulaski and Ma.»«sac s<-nt one representative to this assembly. William H. lirown. who was the most influential member in makiii}.? the ap- portionment under the new constitution. l>e;;innin«; with the twenty-eighth (leneral -Nssembly, which (onvi-ned Jan. !S, LSTIi, there were by virtue of the apportionment of March 1, 1872, under the new constitution, fifty-one senators, each represent- ing a senatorial district containing tin number of pcK>ple ob- tainable by dividing the i>opulation of Illinois by the census of 1870. by fifty-one. which immber of senators is fixed by the coustitutiou and is unchangeable. The senatoi^ serve for a term of four years and the districts were numbered from one to fifty one. beginning at Alexander county and eiuling with Cook. Tliis was only for tlie numbering of the district.s under the first apportionment, which is done every ten years. The even numbered distiii-ts, however, elected new st-nators in 1.^7"J and the odd numbered in twoyejirs following. I bus having what is termed *iiold-over" senators in each assembly, insuring ex- I)erience in legislation in that body. Hon. Charles M. l\Miell, Hardin, Democrat; Samuel C,l:i>.ns. Democrat, (ialiatin, in the thirty- seventh; H, K. Fowler, "Democrat, Hardin. F. A. Armstrong, Jfassae. A. W. Lewis. Saline. K^'publieans. in the thirty-eighth. June l.'>ih. Ifyii'S the counties of I'ulaski. Massac. Johnson. I'ope and Saline were formed into the tifty-tirst senatorial dis- trict, and lion. P. T. Chapman, Johnson, has been the senator continuously. Fowler A. Armstrong. Massac, and Kichard M. Johnson, Pulaski, Kepublicans, and C. A. F. Rondeau. Demo- crat, Pope, represented the district in the thirty-ninth; Joseph W. King, Pope, and William IT. Parish. Saline. Republicans. F. A. Trousdale, Massac, Democrat, in the fortieth; Geo. E. Martin. Pulaski, and Oliver J. Page, Massac, Republicans, and A. O. Dabney. Democrat, of Saline, in the forty-tirst. The Re- publican candidates nominated July }. 1S4;J, by S. (J. Allen. Jonathan Moody, and ,1. T. Collier. Niini hers one. two and ihice were diawn to (h*teiniine the term (»f service, result injr in Moody dra\vin;r one. ( '(dlier t wo. and Allen three. The bond (»f J. W. ( 'aiinirhae! as roiinty ch-rk was aji jn'oved and ay the board, who would on July nth, let the building of the court house out to the lowest and best bidd< r. It was also ordered that J. II. Wilcox «S: Co. execute a warranty deed to the county board and their successors in (dtice for the two acres of land to form a public sqinire lying n«(ith (»f said town and imnudi- ately at the end of Market street. The rate of taxation for county purposes was tixed at 25 cei.is on every ^lOO valuation. The meetings had been held in the Manville house, corner 54 History of of Ferry and Second street. The old Methodist church was se- lected as the place to hold circuit court pending the construc- tion of a court house. On April 29th, 1843, the plan of the court house, drafted by Samuel Arnont was selected. June 6, 1843, AYilcox and McBane deeded two and one-half acres of land for a public square. The following constituted the first grand jury: Pleasant Ward, Perry Little, Hugh McGee, Wil- liam Thompson, J. B. Marbry, Burrel Anderson, Robert Whit- ton, Benjamin Connyers. Jacob C. Kidd, William Massie, J. C. Killgrove, Lewis Johnson, Jesse Simpson, C. A. Shelby, James Holmes, John Stubbs, Solomon Lytton, Reuben Smith, Isaac Davison, Hyram Golightly, Robert McCormick. All are now dead. The petit jurors were: Perry Smith, Alfred Copeland, George Holden, William Cain, James Hall, James H. William- son, Moses B. Somers, John Looney, James T. Wilcox, John P. Choat, I. P. Hughey, A. B. Brown, A. W. Robins, Sylvester Smith, John Wilkins, Isaac D. Sugg, Edward Fleece, John Tooley, David Leech, James Turner, Levi Rice, Lyman Miller, W. W. Turner, and Young Lynn. J. P. Choat is the only sur- viving member. March 6th, 1845, John West paid the county five dollars for a permit to erect a theater and five dollars was paid by a theatrical company for the privilege to i^erform September 1, 1845. March 2nd, 1840, Valentine Owen was allowed to operate a ievvy to Paducah from the opposite bank. The rate of taxa- tion for 1840 was 40 cents on each one hundred dollars' valu- ation. On September 21st, B. S. Enloe was removed from the office of commissioner of schools because he would not report according to the order of the county board and confessed him- self an embezzler. Richard S. Xelsou was appointed to suc- ceed him, who was in turn removed for negligence, Dec. 22, 1846, and James Elliott appointed to succeed him. The tax rate for 1847 was 40 cents. On September 6th, 1847, suit was ordered brought against Wilcox & McBane, proprietors of Metropolis, to compel them to finish the court house. A settlement was reached by Wil- cox »S: McBane deeding a number of town lots to the county, which were later sold at auction. Massac County. 55 \\'illiam l{ich;iiclsuu. ilif liisi ((tlnitd Imiv. liv his aiimiH'v, T. (i. (\ Din is. aiiptJin-d Jiilv 14, 1S4'.>. !•• fnn- ilu- ((niiiiy I».»aid and ini'senieil i»io, 1S4.'5. Scptcniht'i* 18tb was st't as tho day to ivrcivi' bids for the huihlinj^ of the county jail. On the sanio day John llyncs. lifiay Eddy, .\Iex. Kiikpatriik and others were licensed to keep a ferry at Massac and J. H. (1. ^^'ilc<^x was lirenscd to keep a Itiiy at Met lopolis. The rates were fixed as follows: G horse team and wajjon (low water i $2 .">() 4 lu)rse team and wa;;on 2 00 horse team and waj^oii • i 7."5 2 horse team and wajjon I 50 1 horse and wa}i;on 1 25 1 horse and cart 75 1 man and horse • 50 1 foot man 25 Uu November 4, 184.3, John King was awarded the contract to build the lust jail on lot 417. block :{5. for .<"i4!l.00. The jail was to be of j;ood hewn timber one foot thick, hewn to a joint and dove-tailed corners. The first assessment of the county cost S.^COO. one half ]»aid by the county and one-half by the state. The tax rate for 1S44 was fixed at 50 cents one the one hundred dollars. At the December term. 1852. one \\illiani Moi<;an. a pau- per, was ordered "sold out," and K. II. Foy was paid live dol- lars to sell him. A certificate was issued at the same time as fcdlows: "That John 15. Ilicks is a man of probity and good demeanor." Mr. Ilicks was a member of the county board and only he and John Shirk were present. John W. Head was appointed to take the first • eusus of the county. September. 1S45. AImou 25(( \oieis livid in the county. The early records abound in orders giant ing license to the ancestors of many of our leading citizens of totlay anoiiriii is \\ . I\ TiK kcr. ( >f tin- ihiiiiImt sri\ iii;^ John 15. I licks was alwa vs a 1 m-iiio «iat. .laiiH's Kllioii was tlccttMl as a dfiiiocial iiiilil ISIM. wImmi lif \\ as I 111- rlioicc of I Ik- K<'|Miliii7l'. William Tiiidall. 1S74. Altiam I'.nim-r. Is7t slit rifl clcc-ttil lor four y«-ars. sim«- which liim- ihc\ ai<- im-lit^ildc t<» swcc<'(-d tli»-m selves until anotlu-r has sei\e«l a( least a tt'iin. Thomas ,1. Taylor, yet lixinj;. is the only shnilV to iM-rfoini n lejjal han;;in{; in Massa<- county, huiiiijj; his scc<»nd teini he execnt«*»-nnin;;. aflerwaid Judjie l>fn- idng. 8iicc«H'ded him. Samuel S. Marshall, who became Ton ^rcHsinan and was oiicc candidate foi the I'nited States Si-n- ate. served after .Iudt;e Dennin;;. and was succ«-cd(-d liy W. K, ParriKh. afterwaids Jiidt;e I'aniKli. .lolin A. Lo;,'an was pro8- fcut«»r from 1s."j4 to is.H! and directed tin- famous trial result- ing in the «-onvicti«»n of Ih-catur ('ami»lie!l. hut later ad\ised the liasJK upon whi< h the Supreme Court i-eversed the deeision of the Circuit Court. His fame since then is known to all. Munro C. Ci-awfois(j. J. C. Willis; in isixi. Ilrnjaniin O. Jones; ill l>'.tl. (Iffiit'c Siiwyt'i-. re t'lnicd in ISUS and still pn*- sidin^. SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS AND COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS At flrst the director of the |tidilic schools of Massac enmity >va«* teiine. He was followed by Henry Armstronjj:. 1S7:: to 1S77. who also serv«'d lss2 to iSSd. William Priestly having been elected 1S77 to l>s2. Fowler A. Armslron;; be came superintendent, isst; to ls!Ml. and J. M. Keymdtls suc- ceeded him. IS'.IO to 1S!U. K4 to 1S!»S ami Mr. Reynolds was a^ain chosen, beiiij^; the presj'Ut incumbent. The schools (»f Massac county have <;ral;i« ( (I liv :• (|iiif(. coiiiiiirti- Huialf with rai lu-sl sindv. Annual instil iit. T. Ilii^liev, Sayberl (1. Choat. A. U. IJrowne. S. II. riiimmer. dacob (Jates and daint's Stone were Treasnicrs. James Kobinson served until 1S71 lor a inimlier id" years and was siu'cecded in I'^Tl by llainion Warneice. Samuel L. \\'ells was elected in 1S7;{, ami a|»poiiiie, and soon died. C. >.'. dones was ap- Iiointed to till out the unexpired term and ehcted to another term, but later resigned, .lames II. Leech was elei led in ISSG and <}reen W. Smith in 1M)U. George Verbarg was chosen in 18U4 and Curt Koby. the ]ires(>nt incumbent, came into oftice in 1808. CORONERS. Travis Wethers held the tirst coroner's commission in Mas- pae county. S. II. Pfrimmer. Jacob I5um;.,'arner. L. W. ^\'illis, 14enjamin J. l>ela\an, d. L. Copland. J. K. Kobei is. .1. \\ . Smith, II. Tucker and .lacob Mussulman ajipear (»n the early records. Many times justices of the peace tlid coroner's duly. In 1874 William Summers was elected, Thomas M. I'alter- Bon in 1878, E. B. Cropper in 1880, I. ^^ Casey, 1888, Thomas L. \\'allac<*in ISSi*. and is still coroner. Dr. A. C. Ka^sdale is the Kejiublican and Solomon Grace the Democratic candidates for Kov. 6, 1900. SURVEYORS. No record of surveyors is accessible until 18G,"), when W. C. Crow's name appears. Since then ajipear the names of William Martin. ls71 to 1S7."); William Johnson. lS7r) to ls7l»; Thos. .1. llaiir.Mk. Is7!» l<» Ins|; 'riioiiias A. (iilliier. iSSl to 62 History of 1892; and the present incumbent, W. Thomas Perkins. Sher- idan Waters is the Republican candidate without opposition. MASTERS IN CHANCERY. This office is appointive and controlled by the presiding Circuit Judge. John B. Hicks was the first master. E. P. Curtis, while circuit clerk, was appointed in 1868 and held the office continuously until the appointment of R. A. Davisson in 1896. Upon the death of Mr. Davisson, Lannes P. Oakes, the present master, was appointed. COUNTY BOARD. Not being under "Township Organization" the county board, or board of county commissioners, has always consist- ed of three members. Each member serves three years and one is chosen each year. At the first election, S. G. Allen, Jonathan Moody and J. T. Collier were elected. Lots were cast and resulted in Moody one year, Collier two years, and Allen three years. In 1844 Moody was re-elected; 1845 Samuel Shirk succeeded Collier; 1846 Jacob Kidd succeeded Allen; 1847 Green B. Choat suc- ceeded Moody; 1848 Thomas Harrington succeeded Shirk; 1849 Jacob Kidd was re-elected; 1850 three were elected, Messrs. John B. Hicks, William Emmerson and John Shirk; 1851 the same members served; 1852 Benajiah Thompson succeeded Em- merson; 1853 Phineas Cakes succeeded Shirk; 1854 Elijah Smith, D. T. W^alker and Thomas Dusouchet were elected; 1855 Thomas Stum succeeded Dusouchet; 1856 the same members served; 1857 Elijah Smith, William Armstrong and W. Mc- Dowell were elected and served until 1861; 1861 J. S. Copland succeeded McDowell; 1862 Benjamin J. Delavan succeeded Smith, and Anson Gibbs succeeded Armstrong, which three served un- til 1865; 1865 James Robinson succeeded Gibbs; 1866 Messrs. Delavan, William Boyles and J. L. Todd were members; 1867 Richard Thompson v/as elected; 1869 Edward M. McMahon, Charles Staton and U. S. Morse were elected; 1873 George W. Young, H. Quante and Andrew Brady constituted the county board as it is today; 1874 Brady was re-elected; 1875 Young Massac Coin tv . 63 was re-elected; 187G Iturton t^extou; 1S77 (1. W. McCaimuon: 1878, T. K. Du^'*r«M-; 187!» J. U. Joiu-s; ISSO J. W. ncidciiiau; 1881 K. ('. Jiaiham; I8SI! William Mountain; 1SS:{ ,1. i). Willis; 1884 N. J. Slack; 1885 William Mountain; 188G, ,1. W . (iurley; 1887 John E. f^talon: isss ('. W. TcitlolT; ISSfl.C. L. (Jiav; 181»0 Thomas L. Mojj;an: ls!»l William M(.untjiin; ISIHi W. U. Thompson; 1893 R. A. Adrox; 1894 Thos. R. Dugger; 1895 C. W. Rivnncn: 180(5 lleniv Aivnsman; 1S07 J. C. Willis; 1898 Louis Molk-r; ISIM) J. M. Allfiey; IIMIO II. I). Fry is the Repub- lican candidate without opiiosition. 64 History of CHAPTER Vm. REMINISCENCES, (By Joshua Copland.) WAS born in Sumner county, Tennessee, Xot. 27th 11812, settled three miles southwest of Vienna, Johnson county, 1816. Indians came to my father's house on the old Wilkinsonville, Cape Girardeau and Kaskaskia trail. Wilkinsonville fM was the remains of a fort with no soldiers or houses. Graveyard hill stoo^ near, an open field of sixty acres, was about one-half mile from the fort, which stood near the head of the upper dyke. In 1833, 1 moved near Sharp's Landing. Among the old settlers were John W. Kead, Jacob Kidd, Kobert McCormick, Ebenezer and Jessie Simpson, the Lairds, Hamilton Mitchell, Mr. Boyles, James Kincaid, Benajiah Thompson. Eead lived at Belgrade. Hillerman was a village in 1835 named after L. D. Hiller- man, a river man, who purchased it of William Parker, and the latter went to Xew Orleans. Hats were made there. Capt. Burt Sexton came to this county, 1837 and settled at Indian Point. Metropolis did not exist. There was Wilcox's ferryman's cabin. D. May's father lived five miles out. Hardy Taylor lived under the bluff. Americus Smith lived four miles beyond New Colombia. In 1854 rain fell June 11th, and no more fell until late in the fall. This was the "dry year." I delivered my corn at Copland's Ferry (Joppa) and got Massac Cointy. 65 J?1.1.MI ;i lilislitl. \\ IhMl \V;is T.'t ii-lits In Si. 1(1 ;i liiislit-l. .In|i|.;i li;i(l a si«»if k«'iil liv IMck Nciialdc lur Sam ( 'oplaiMl nf Nitima. TlM-if wt'ir iM-ar. wolf. clU. "i. ami a licai- w as killiM". Ii\ I »a\ id SIk-im-i- al Indian ruinl. I itinrndifi .Inlin Kmlio. a Mi ilmdisi iniaclirr: Sli'iilim Knifiti. a innicstani Mdlnxlisi ; llt/rkiali West anr. Sims lived tlicrc. Paths Ii'd from Fort Massac hack into the country. Scarce- ly a wajron and no carriaj^es were in the country. Sleds and woiideu trucks were used t(» haul. Tiucks iiad wheels sawed otT a loj;. All houses wei-e loj;. with ituiicheon Ihioi-s. Some lundter was sawed for lloors, lofts and doors with a whip saw, on a seatfold about eight feet high, on which a lo<; was placed. One man stood on the ground, the other on the \<) h<»urs to grind a bushel of corn. It was a rude contrivance. For motive i»ower one or two horses were hitched to a long lever attached to an upright shaft in which were sev- en or eight arms extending outward about ten feet. In these were holes bored for jiins, aner stone a handle was lixed, and the stone turned by hand. The mill was operated by the right and fed by the lelt hand. A frame woik steay sasin;: my ptniiit's I ha\c managed to do I'airly wfll. Soon after my marria<^«' a free ne^r«» minister. Meth- (tdist. tame to the eoanty. He was a betii r jireaeher than Hie lU-v. St nldts. HON. T B. HICKS' REMINISCENCES. My father mo\ed to MetfoiMtlis, Deei'inlier, 1S41.'. when there Were prohaldy a do/en houses, the most of them loji. fJ(jhn II. \\'iho:'.Ii. and destroyed hy ijn water ind storm. ISM. A Mi-. Hudson and Mr. Tony also lived here. Metrojtolis was laid out as a eity .\piil is. ls:;:i. I'adiicah was then a small \illaj;e. Two families lived at Uel^r.ide. three miles altove Metropolis on the < Hiio river. The heads of ImiiIi families were widows — Mesdames Kicli and < liiVtird. The latter haioneer preachers who ever occupied a pulpit. Thos. L. Garrett of Kentucky, an early Baptist min- ister, father of the Garrett brothers of Paducah, preached one sermon in particular, T distinctly remember. Services were conducted in a frame building where the calaboose now stands. His text was, ''Fear not little flock, for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom.'' The elder did full justice to the text. The first Methodist preacher I remember was a Kev. Covington. Massac C'Tniv CHAPTER IX. MASSAC COUNTY BAR. AM<>N(; iliosc wlin li;i\f |>r;n t icitl l;i\\ at tin- liai- a\isi that li<- was iiixir al a loss to sii|i|tlv a iiiissiiisAf Ckintv. 75 killed. His iiuiin>i,\ is jm-i jmI ii;iliil in lln- '''riiiii Siiiilli" \>nsl (Iraiul Aiiiiv itf liic lupiiMir. He was ikiImI for his luavcrv. lst Kaviss«»n gradinited from the Coloniliian Law school in Washington City, and practicinl law in Metropolis from iS'tl to IsHT. wlun In died. He was also master in- chancery. ■•r.rim." I'ilhtw. as In- was cjillrd. was an early pract it iom-r, iiiptain j,\i\ (»»cmi<(l. at lln- uM liiirk ln-tcl in Mfti(>|Milis. III., wliiili had Ixmii luiili l>v \\ iliox. and one man was wonndcd. Escitcnu'nt ran lii;:li and liod niiliiia w.-ic s» iil. TIm' l<-;,'is lalui-(* created a special c(»iiit tu cdnvt-ne at Henlon. willi juiis- iliction over the cases arisin^^ out of tlie tronbh-. which was flnallv brought to a close. This is tlie saddest j»ap:e of Massac ctuintv liislorv and be cause of its intricate social bearinj; upon our county's other wise "good name" we hope to be pardonid for these general statements in which we do not seek to revive an almost f2. A. N. SlaiUrs lioutrhl ont Mines, and rnntiiiiKMi the {tnldiration of the Massar Jonrnal as sole pro- ]i|-it'tor until Aii;;nst, 1S*>'J. when it was consolithiti d with the Kclinldican. and ralh d the "Massac .louiiia! Kc|Mildiran." pub- lished \>\ A. X. Siaikes «S: Co., «»ni!posi7. (). J. I'age, editor and man aper. In the fall of 1S".>7 O. .1. I'ajje became sole pi-oprintiiiued so until May, ls;>!». whi n . continuing until ls!H!. wIhii Mi. Stewart g2 History of retired, leaving Trausdale editor and publisher. In January, 1899, A. X. Starkes purchased "The Metropolis Democrat"" of Mr. Trausdale and converted it into an independent paper. "The Herald.-' The newspapers have gradually increased in size and typ- ographical neatness from small folios to six column quartos. Dailies have frequently been plunged upon the journalistic sea. but have been sunken by the winds of non-support. ''The Evening Herald," a five-column folio, two sides patent, is be- ing issued by the Herald Printing Co., and is in its second year. The Colored Baptist Church Society for several years maintained a church paper, "The Baptist Truth,'" under the editorial direction of Elder J. B. McCrary. It has since been moved to Cairo and Mr. McCrary now publishes and edits "The MetroiJolis Gazette,'" a weekly five column quarto devoted to the interests of the colored race, and republican in politics. In 1898, G. Lay Wolfe began the publication of "The Brooklyn Eagle,'" a six-column quarto at Brooklyn, Illinois. It was first independent, but has since Jbecome Eepublican in politics. E. B. and T. B. Thompson published ''The Weekly Keview," and afterwards the "Egyptian Obelisk," a proposed literary journal for Southern Illinois, both of which suspended as various others have done. The latest newspaper venture is the six-column folio. Democratic paper, "The Metropolis Trib- une," issued by ''Stewart & Mulkey," as the firm name, and composed of Messrs. S. M. Stewart and C. L. V. Mulkey. Massac Ccjiniv 83 CHAPTER XII. SECRET ORDERS. HISTORY OF ODD FELLOWSHIP. (H. R. SMITH.) CHOSKX KKIKNDS l.olMiK. This is the pmvnt lodjif of Odtl Ft'llowship in Massac county. It lias fuinisliod cliartci' members for ail the other h»d^<'s. Hebeccas. and En4Mning C'orlis. James II. Hood. ('. L. Spenci'i-. l>a\id Sniilli. .1. M. Itoi- Cdurt. Henrv Shelton. .1. M. Kllioti ; the ladies are .Mary Sands, E. M. Slioulilier, Georgia lie.ss, Elvira Miller, Josephine Smith, Bullii' B. James. Amanda Smith. Mary E. Daniel. Lizzie Sliel ton. Annie E. ElliiMt and l»ora Oheiinaik. The lirsl Noble (Irand was II. li. Smith anavid Smith and J. M. Iioi(«»nri are the only renia.ining male charter mend»ers now conneeted with the lodge. Like their sister lodge the Metrop- olis Keltert as ha\e unostentatiously lal)or<'d in conmMtion with the Massae Lodge No. -141.' in d»»ing acts of charity, whiih can be attested by many families, parti(l().(M> within eighteen years. In addition to the enormous amount of charity carrii*d for- ward by the various lodges it might be well to slate that (txcr Jfo.dUO.OO liave biM'ii contributed by all the lodges to needy mem- bers and their families, who were not entitled to sick benefits owing to arrearages in dues. The lodges of Massac county have twice entertained the eelebratiim of the Interstate Odd Fellows' Associat ictn. ludd annually on April L'tiih. and each time ha\e wmi wtutis of praise from theii' \isiiing hreihren. JOPPA LODGE. (THOMAS R. ANDERSON.) Joppa Lodge No. L!."i. This lodge was organized I)»h-. iMl. I>s4. I»y the fidlowing charter members: W. E. Hriiwn. er story on the Hillerman Baptist church, making one of the finest country lodge rooms in Southern Illinois. Here the lodge grew and prospered, initiating fully 125 members only three of whom hare died, namely: Dr. Joseph Brown, A. J. Smith and W. S. Thompson. The membership is very small at present, numbering about one dozen. The lodge is worth fully 1^1.200. William X. Kelley is the present Xoble Grand. CRA:SD .-^RMY of THZ R.c?L"BLIC Lieutenant Co. : r. TL _ - H. Smith was one of the early volunteers in defense >ji z^^ l : i.-::iTition during the Civil War. He was a practicing lawyer, noted for his bravery and patriot- ism. At the capture of Fort Donaldson he fell in the honored uniform of Lieutenant Colonel of the Forty-eighth Hlinois Reg- iment of Volunteer Infantry. To perpetuate his memory and keep alive the sparks of patriotism the Tom Smith Post No. 345 Grand Army of the Republic was o^anized. Oct. 1. i;SS3. by G. S. Parks, a veteran, with sixty-three charter members. The first oflScers were Eobert W. McCartney, now dead. Commander; E. P. Curtis. Senior Tice-Commander; Eobert X. Leek, deceased. Junior Viee»scripliv«? I'ook. Of that nunibiM- lift \ -two art- known i»» lia\r dicfl; a number niovrd awav an«l sinnt' otlu'is inav ha\»- dird; a mnn ber have been diopiK-d for non payment of diU's. I have not been abb' to lind out from the Deseiiptive Hook tlie exact number in ^ood standing. Some ha\»' ie was the first W. M.; ( Jabriel Kay, S. W., and 11. L. Cook, J. \V. The lodge has also had the eminent distinction to have two of its members elected K. \V. (Irand Master of Illinois; Rev. W. H. Scott, 1880-1, and isslj; Hon. .lohn IJ. Th<»mas, 1884 5 and 1885 U. The lodge today is in a prospei.>ii> ■ ..ndition .ind is known as Mftiopolis Lodge No. 01 A. F. and A. M. M»*tropolitan Chapter No. 101, Koyal ArchMastmswaschar- tcred Oct. 5th, 1800. The charter members were Thomas Moore. W. S. Lane. C. H. (iri-enwood. T. K. Ward. .1 .L. 'lib hart. W'. H. S< dit. .1. 1*. ('boat. L. 11. Siiii|>si.n. .loseph Hrown. J. C. Sh.-.ts. L. A. Lafont. A. W . Tlirifi. ami ( "..o. W. «'orlis. 8S History of Tte first oflBit'ers wwe^ T]inid,s lEooire. H. P.; W. !?. Lane, K^ an-d C. H. Greenwood. S. Tke eiiapter is liomrisMmg. Th.t)Tnas^ Moore atraiiLed distiBietioii im Masoiiry im Artamsas^ wiiere- ke died tM* jear at a ripe old age. MauT of Irihe otiiexs are also dead- or live in otker places. Getiisemaiie CommaiLdeiry ^O'. 41 KnigMts Templar was organized nndeir d^p^^satieat Janoarir 1, 1;^T2^ and is one- of the- few corrmujjaderBe* m ik^mthevm HEJEois. Its eharter was obfeaiiLed Oct. 22. 1S72. Ttie cLarter members were tSir Knfg-Iits TtLO-mas Mooie, Williain H. SeiDtt. Jo-natEMii C. WMIis. Manning Majlield. y<>aLbi M. Farrta. Ge«. W. Corlis. Oe«cge F. i£tisgri3ve. Benjamin Ban- km. aBfd BenJaiEiim Howard. TULoiHjas Moore was tJne Irst E. C; J. C Wiliis^ GeiL.; O. W. E. Corlis. CaptaiM General. C>f tlie elkarter Hmembeffs Captain Willis is tiiie ohIt living resident. Captain Benjamin Howard having died at Ms hiO/me in Metropolis tMs AiigEist. IMlUdi. The ♦^mmanderv is in goc^ ^^^ndition- SeptenLber 2>>. l.sv>. >ulclj_l Tlirift. Maria J. Davis. Liseila Ci^Ks, Eva Craig. Fannie E. Wniis. B. Howard. Aeira Stan- banser. Kitty Brown. D. Baer. Eliza M. Lioitens, Aliee Flana- gan. .Amanda. Greenwood. Lute A. Ward. Tisomas Moore, E. T. CofflJier and W. H. crtalt-np secured a eharter. The new lodge was Pi ailed as Lilly of th.e Valley Cliiapter "So. S5 Order of the Eastern ^tar and Maria J. Davis was ap- pointed first WortKy Matron. Tlio^mas Moore was tbie Srst Worthy Patron. Mrs. Elizabeth Cmtting is the present Wo'riihy Matron. The Chapter- has always been rec-ognized for its socJatriil- rty. growth and worfes of eharity. KNIGHTS OF PYTBIASw 'So ledge exeels tiee Orestes Liodge So. 26S Knigjits of Pythias for the eharaeter cff tl»e aDiemli««s. Hie charter was aeeiired Oet. 2i>. l^se. by Messs. Benjamin O. Jon^s, B. Lynn Massac County. 89 Minton. John H. Noiris. Normal' J. Slaik. K«l HailM-ro. O. S. Morse, William H. Craig, Geo. A. Stewart, Wm. O. Towle, W. 11. KrajHT. lU'iH'dict Hfudor. Robert C. Barham. Henry lleid- eman, Charles Hilgeman, B. P. D, Schroeder, Frank Adams, H. X. McCartney. J. ('. Courtney. Willis B. Ward. Edwin Corlis, Morris Dinkelspiel. Frank <_'. Johns. Abi-am S. Bruner. J. D. Bartield, W. A. McBaue, E. T. 5>cott. John (low an. Oeo. D. Pettier. W. H. Hines. 1). W. Helm, Ed. S. Hood. Herman E. Tergande. Fayette E. Hazen. J. M. Choat. William Wright. W. L. Bridwell. R. H. Austin. J. T. <'ummins. W. H. Moreland. Fred Pfaus, Eb. Phillips. P. H. Xoiris. H. F. Kramer. John W. Riipeke. Robt. Nuckolls, and James E. (^Jowan. Most of these are yet living, residents of Metroi)olis. while to th«' number have been ^.dded many of our leading young men. The tii-st (.'haucellor <.'ommauder was R. Lynn Miuton. The present statf is composed of Ed Barbero, C. C; William Craig. V. C: William Seilbeck. P.: Tilman R. Lovelace. M. W.; Louis Quante. K. R. S.: R. B. D. Schroeder. M. F.: W. A. Fitch, M. E.: W. H. Arnold. M. A.; Thos. E. Craig. L G.; Gua . Schroeder. Henry S. Meyer. Tilman B. Lovelace and William \Vyaut. This i-elates to the insurance in the order. 90 History of CHAPTER XIII. MEDICINE. (O. J. PAGE.) WHEN the county was formed, the laws governing the medical profession were liberal, one simply "turned doctor," and proceeded to offer his ser- vices. Although "quacks" thrived many pursued ML a systematic, scientilic and thorough course of ^^ study, who became men of mark in the profes- sion, and gave it character. Others possessed a bold spirit of investigation and made peers of themselves in new fields of discovery and re- search. Drs. Padgett of Metropolis, and Hanna and Kodgers of the country, were the pioneers. Dr. Becker, later of PaducalL, was a pioneer who attained eminence. These were so-called "regulars.'' The "Eclectic," or "Thomsonians" were represent- ed by Drs. Samuel Boicourt, Metropolis, and Samuel Peter of the countrj'. Doctor Alnez McLean McBane, a graduate of the Philadel- phia Medical College, who visited the clinics of some of the most noted European ph^'sicians and surgeons, came to Me- tropolis soon after the organization of the count}- and w'as liighl}' successful. He excelled throughout Southern Illinois, in morality and professional skill; the member of no church, he was Presbyterian in sympathies. His mother was an ardent member of that church and donated the lot on which the church and parsonage stands. His son Joseph followed his father's Massai ColMV. yi j»rofi*sHi(»ii;»l taslfK, jjraduaicil in iindiriiu' in Niw ihlcaiih. aiul reluriud hoiiu* lunkfii iu hcaitli. lit* stalled (in a n^a vovaj;** around tlu* ('a|»* to San Francisco, and died. A. .M. I.. \lv- Uanc. ilu* oldest child, is a lauMM- al Shaw ncetow n. Marietta, his daii;;hter. is Mrs. Williani Ward, resident of Cliicap); and \\'illiani A. McHane. the youngest, lives in .Meti-ojMdis. Dr. Mcllane died .Inly :5id. 1S»;(I. tlir»c iiKinlhs after his wife's dtath. Altonl l>ti(i IM-. .lacoi) (ielilianil ul < Hiju < iiiid- Iu .\|<-tio|i olis. lie was sncti'ssfni. .Iiiliiis ( '. and I )a\ id L.. his t wo sons. Ijecanu* practitioners. Ills danj^hter lleh n. Iieranie the wife of Major E. 1*. Curtis. She was a reinaikalde woman of eX' ep tional traits of character. Septendtei- !>. ls!»:», she died. Dr. Charles S. Rush, yet livin«; in Metrop«)lis. was a nu)st successful practitioner in \\'a.'-hinth, IJSOT. IM. .1. A. Williams graduated from Hush Medical Colleg:e, 1S<»M, served in the army, was an excel- lent jdiysician and died some years ago. Di-s. J. E. Brousou and S. (1. Merrill came in ls»;s. the lat ter soon leaving. Both were •'Homeopathic." Dr. I'.ionson. yet practicing successfully, graduated al the Homeopathic of St. Louis. Aug. l.'ith. isTT. His sen. Scott, will also gradmite soon in the same prttfession. The legislature in isTs passed a law ph.cing certain re •luiremeiits foi- practice with a \ iew to wei-d out the "iiuacl^s." an«l elevate the pr«»fession. Practitioners of ten years' exp«'r ience were re<|uired to register if thi-y ((tntinui'd and all others stood an exauunatio'i for license to praditt-. V\> to this date appear the names of Dotiois rharles . Melton. \«itrinary surgeon : Alexandei « 'heek. Iu«»thei of .Mis. II. (Juanie. Dr. S. H. Bundy. a graduate of the .Mtdital Diparlmeiii o! N'aiiderliilt I iii\ t-rsily. 'rriiness«c. .Mai< h 1. IsTn. wa*^ tlie only aitive church worker up to that lime. He was pastor several years of the Christian «-hurch in Metropolis, and died in IHll!) in Marion. Illinois. 92 History of Dr. F. A. Hollidav, St. Louis Medical College, 1872, was twice a successful physician iu Metropolis. He entered the government service and was last heard from in the Indian Ter- ritory. Dr. J. H. Scott obtained his certificate by registration, but never practiced extensively afterward. Dr. J. H. Norris graduated from the Keokuk College of Physicians and Surgeoirs, February, 1870. He came to Massac couirt}' soon afterward and took front rank, which he main- tained until his death a few years ago. Dr. J. W. Burnett graduated from the Ohio Medical Col- lege, 1872, practiced at Metropolis for a few years, removed to Alto Pass and died a few years ago. James E. Gowan, M. D., came to the county, 1864, and en- tered ujjon a long arrd successful practice. He died, 1899. Dr. Joseph Brown passed the medical examination of the Illinois Army Medical Board and entered the service.. Later he graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Tennessee and practiced in Massac coirnty until his death. Of the physicians yet living arrd actively engaged in their profession may be mentiorred the following: Dr. H. C. Fisher, graduated, 1868, Medical College of Ohio, moved to Metropolis, 1882, and enjoys a good i^ractice. A. B. Agnew, M. D., Samoth, 111., Ohio Medical College, 1862, entered the I'nion Surgical services, made a good record and yet does office practice. Dr. K. AV. Hutchinson, an undergraduate, who made his license by hard self-application and examination, still practices extensively at Jop])a, 111. Dr. S. J. Khoads, St. Louis Medical College, 1861, practiced in Kentucky until 1883, when he came to Metropolis. J. D. Young, M. D., Brooklyn, graduated from St. Louis Medical College of Missouri, 1874, served in the Legislature and has excelled in his profession. Z. Cummins, M. D., Metropolis, graduate University of Kentucky, aird still practices. Dr. James A. Crow, Washington precinct, graduate Phy- sicians & Surgeons, St. Louis, LS92. Followed school teaching. Mas>.\1 *. UUN 1 N 93 Dr. .It'Ks*' A. (>ii. Mftropolis. ^nuliiatc Ktlct'tic Mt'ilinil r. M. M. r. A. T. Mttlilcv. Ni'NV roluuiliia, plivsiciaii and «lni;:;^is», ^radiialc Kfiitncky Sclmol of }H»'diriiK», ISSO. IM'. .1. N. Slu'iiiwt'll. Metropolis, active* jti-utitioiui . ^i;m1 uate Kentucky School of M« dii i!ie. IS.vj). IM-. .1. T. Willis. Metiopoiis. active piai titioner and druj^ ;:ist. ;::adnale K\ansville Medical ('oIle;:e. isT'J. Di. ( ►. M. Willis, son of l>r. T. ,1. W illis. aciivt- piact itioner. ^laduate ('olU'jje of IMiysicians iind Siiijiions. St. Louis, 1S1)8. I h'. A. ('. Ka;;sdale. Meti<»|iolis. active praciiti(HMM-. ;;iad- )iate <'«dle;;e of IMiysicians and Snr;:eons. St. I^onis. 1SSJ». IM. I'iiiis I'm (Inc. ;:iadnate of ilie rollej;e of I'liysicians and Sni-;ieons. l>'.tT. assu«i;iled wiih hi. .1. !•]. (uiwan. Inn soon l«'ft the county. 1 M-. ("hailes A. Mo/.ely. acti\f pra* liiioner. Urooklyn. and graduate «»f the College (»f IMiysicians and Suigeons, IS'.H*. Dr. (Jeoige W'. Walln iglit. lioiind Knoh. active practition- IT. graduate I>ouisville Mcdiriil folle^e. Is'.iu. Di". J. A. Helm. .Metropcdis. active |tiaciiiionei-, graduate I ni\ersity of Tennessee. lss."». and llaltinioic Medical College. 1892. Dr. (Mieiiault W'elili. I'nionville. active piaditioner. giad uate St. I/oiiis College of IMiysii ians and Surgeons, isitj. Dr. <;eor;;e A. Siewart. acii\e practiticdier. Meii(ipoli><. graduate Louisville .Meilical C(dUg»', ISSl). Dr. C. K. Trovillion. activ«- pra« titioiier. Metropolis, yrad nate St. I..otiis College of IMiysicijins and Sui;;eons. IslM. and Harnes Medical College. \s:h). Dr. .\ndrew Miller. .Meiropcdis, ac(i\i' piaciition.r. li.ad uate Medi<-al ( olle;;*- <.f ( »hio. P.HMI. Dr. C. K. Tucker. Jojipa. adixe. practitioner, gratliiaie Si. Louis C((ll«-gc (,f riiysiciiins. IMM. Dr. Thomas l{<»l»erts. .loppa. acii\c practitioner. gra«luaie Si. Louis Colleiii' of riiysiciiins and SurgetiUK. is'.is. 94 History of Dr. M. H. Trovillion, active practitioner, graduate College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. Louis, Bound Knob, 111. Dr. Johnson, Brooklyn, Dr. Trigg, Unionville, and Dr. Al- vin Smith of Logan precinct, are also active members of the pi'ofession. Dr. J. W. Wymore, active practitioner, Samoth, 111., grad- uated Marion Sims Medical College, St. Louis, 1891. Dr. B. H. Pollard, active practitioner, Samoth, 111., gradu- ate University of Tennessee. The Massac County Medical Society is one of the oldest county organizations in the State, having been organized three years before the passage of the first act governing the practice of medicine in the state. It was organized March 31, 1875, for mutual improvement, wider and deeper social inter- course, the elevation of their chosen profession to a higher standard and to promote the general welfare of the com- munity. All active physicians belong to the society. Massac Cointv . 95 CHAPTER XIV. ITEMS OF INTEREST, A I "ilST r.tli. ls(,s. thcrountv iKinrd scut the notor ions iMinicI rM'iiton. alias Win. Ncwbv. lo tin- \nm\- lidus. , Pitts Lynn. keopiM-. 11.- . laiiniMl to have liad two InothtMs. Chailes and Ivcwis lien- ton, kilii'd in tlu* army. He was an inmate a few yeais aj^o wlion Mi-. Slack was kt'cpcr. The tii-st man sent to the penitentiary was An- };ns McCJee, indicted by the tirst jjiand jniy and sentenced by the first conit, Jtulj^t- Walter 15. Scales, presiding. The charge was "passing counicrlcii money." and the sentence two years with solitary contin* ment the last two days. Mary E. Green sued for divorce in the tirst court, llcr husltand Henry, was a non resident, and i»ultlicati(.n was made in the 'Illinois Kepublican." Shawneetown. Hy some, Robert G. Ingersoll is accredited as a teacher in his early days in Metropolis and they i»oint to the old frame building opposite the Klliott corner as the scene of his peda- gogical experiences. (»thers deny this, but it is a veritied fact that Kev. Inger- soll. his father, a Congregational minister, lived in iMes- den, N. V.. IS'W. when Robert, the Agnostic, was born. His father came to Illinois when Kob» rt was 12 years of age. and during the y«»uth (»f the n<(ted f»i;itor and leiturer. lived in Me tropolis and taught school. One of HolM-rt's biotliers. a small boy. was drowned while here :ind lies Imiied in tlie ceuieterv g6 History of long since desecrated by the building of the Christian church and adjacent residences. Robeit Ingersoll is described by faithful witnesses as a lazy lout of a boy who laid around favorite "swimmin' holes'^ in summer. THE FIRST STEAMBOAT. (B. O. JONES.) The first steamboat that ever appeared upon any Western river was the Kew Orleans, built at Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1810 and 1811, by Mr. Roosevelt of New York, acting in conjunction, with the originators of the first steamboat that ever appeared on an} waters, Messrs. Fulton and Livingstone, also of New York. This boat w^as 138 feet keel, about 400 tons burden, and was launched at Pittsburg in March, 1811, later descend- ing the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and landing at Natchez, Miss., in December, 1811. The experiment proved a success. The boat cost |40,000. ^he was run as a packet from Natchez to New^ Orleans, and cleared the first 3'ear, according to Capt. Morris, of New Or- leans, who was one of her pilots, |24,291. Passenger fare be- tween New Orleans and Natchez was |18.00 per head, and freight lates in proportion. She employed twelve hands at 130.00 per month each; Captain, |1,000.00 per year; 800 cords of wood at |1.75 per cord. The vessel furnished meals to pas- sengers and crew, and was fitted with a bar room, which sup- plied liquors of the most approved brands. Her speed was nine miles per hour, down stream. This boat was a success from the beginning, and with her advent begins the era of suc- cessful navigation of the rivers of the world with steam for the motive power. This boat, the New Orleans, passed down the river by Metropolis, which was then, except Fort Massac, a howling wilderness, inhabited only by the bear, panther, butfa- lo, elk and many others of the wild animal kingdom, to say nothing of the ever stealthy and treacherous Indians that con- stantly ti'od the northern and southern banks of the Ohio. We can imagine how these nomads regarded the approach of this Massac CniiNrv, (^7 river iiutiistci'. sitoiitin;; finm iis iioii iiosnils rloiuls uf siintkc. iiift*riiiiii^lc(I with fiii'. nn*! iis open niontli, {^lowiii^ with tlic lliiiiit*8 of a moving taitanis! The feu wliih' men who naw lliis woiitlei* vi«'W»Ml it with snpeist it ions alarm. Maii.v pioneers from ]| distanei>. anion;^ them the hite .larolt Kidd of near Meiropn lis. III., ami Conriers Dn Uois, con^n'iiJited at Smithlaml. Kv.. then a small settlement, ami walehetl tin* New (Cleans pass tliai point. This s«*(ti(»n. at thai time, was in the throes of ihe ;;reat New Madrid earthipiake. Darkness l«.un;j over the le ;^i(»ns ronnd abont. as a pall, and the sun slione, as a hall of lire, thronjjh va|K)rons exhalations that attended the earth qnake. but tho boat moved on, surely and steailily towards lier destination. Her few pa.ssen«rers view»*d with alarm, at and ibont New Madrid, the rava;;es of the seismic distnrbanees. but they were soon left behind, and as before stated, the New Orleans arrived, safely at Natchez on the last day of Heceni ber, ISll. MIKE HNKE. (U. J. I'AGliJ Three rou;j;h btiainien early in the ceiiiiii-y. traversed (In- • diio. They were named Carpenter. Talbot, and .Mike Fink«'. TheN were stronjj. illiterate. \ \ I \ 99 Messrs. J. F. McCartricv. II. (Jii:iiii.-. W . H. ninwn. \V. < >. Tt»\vl»', K. \'. <"iirlis, .1. r. Willis mikI It. r.;icr was :i|i|Mtiiilrii tt» nc<;(tti]ii*- Willi full jmiwcis to ad. .\s a icsiill wf lia\«' a lailioad. Ill 1M»:» fiiillu-r railroatl »lis» ussiuii was |tH'«i|tilalsr(l extension of the Chieaj^o iS: Kasi( rn Illinois I'.vlendin;: north and South tiit-«>n^h .l. (i. L<'ft'\t'r. \Nliodird near l>io(dJ\ n. IS.~L! or '."»;>. and \\'ilr\ J'lillcn. who died ncai- New Cohnnliia. (Xhcr niinistns taint' fit (Ml adjoin in;i counties and Kiiii mkv anil riti|ni'nl ly pifathcd in this county. Sevpral of the (dd thurcht's tn'^Mni/t-d al an early day ex istcd for several yeais and linn JK'cauie extinct, such as l^he nezer. orj^anized in l.SiS. Did Sah ni and Litth* Sjtrinj;, oinan izchI in 1S44; liiooklyn. orjianized in ISHl. and New Lilieiiy. Thei-e are now liftecn Haidist churches in Massac county. tiMi while and live colored. The ten white cliuiches are. Me- tropolis, organized Nov. Kith, 1841, with seven nienihers, w hose names wereCJilbert Tad^^dt, Amanda l*ad«,M'(t. d. 1). Kilgrove, Mary C. Kilgrove. Kobert K. l*op«*. Sylvia Tope and (Jeorge Brewer; the ministers who acted as the Presbytery were Wil- liam liaker, Willis Champion and William H. Vonng. Thi.s churcli now numbers -'2o members. Macedonia, tirst an arni of the Meii-opolis chunh, but afterwaids oiganized into a church about 1850; Seven Mile, organized in 1853. Waldo, or g.inized soon after Si'vcn Mile; New Hope, organizetl in iSOd; the constitueni nitMnbers wt-re Americus Smith. Elizabeth Smith. Ivenbi n \\ ilstm. I.aney Wilstm. Kliza beth Knglish. Susan IN-ndell and Sarah A. Nutty. The min inters who composed the i'resbytery were Alonzo l>urham.(M'\ Faiii and Win. li. IVarce. The churcli nt»w nnndit is alM)ni 1 in nu-mbers. The other white churt lies are New Kbeiiezer, New <'olumbia. Nine\:ih. ilillerman and lirooklyn. The colored cluircln.'S aie the Secon«l Baptist of Metropolis. Sliadv (Iiove. Zion. Siloam and (ioodman's (Miapid. There are now in the (oiinty about one thousand Itaptisis, with church propiMty val iifd at about ten thousand dollars. I02 History of CHRISTIAN CHURCH. (ELDER A, R. COOK.) Below is given a brief sketch of each congregation in the county. It is not as complete as we desired; but in some cases the parties to whom we wrote for information, failed to reply and others trusted to their memories for the facts received. So we hope the incompleteness of these sketches will not be charged to the writer. METROPOLIS. This is the oldest church in the county. It was organized in April, ]S((4, in the court house, its members being composed mainl}' of refugees frou. Tennessee and Kentucky during the war. Among them were some j^reachers, chief of which was Elder Joseph Brown who ministered to the flock. At the close of th(^ war many of these refugees moved away, and the mem- bershij) of the band was considerably weakened. The first house of worship was built in 18G7, but was not finished inside until 1873, when the Sundaj* school, of which J. F. McCai'tney was superintendent, had it plastered. ]t stands on the corner of Fifth and Catherine streets, on lots deeded to the trustees of the Christian church by Captain Wm. McBane. This building was never oflicially dedicated; but after it was wrecked by the cyclone, it was rebuilt and dedicat- ed. The proi)erty is now worth about |3,000. The present or- ganization of the church was perfected in September, 1876, with J. F. McCartney and Solomon Tanhauser as elders. Since then the following ministers have served the congregation: B. C. DeWeese, one year; Dr. Bundy, three years; J. T. Owens, two years; Geo. E. Barrows, one year; J. T. Alsup, two years; J. G. Quinlin, one year; R. S. Renfro, nine months; O. J. Page, three years; Albert Nichols, eighteen months; M. D. Baumer, two months, and Randolph Cook, wh(> is now serving his third year. The following is a list of evangelists who have held Massac County. io^ Ill(M'tili{;[is for tile fliiilrli. lu^^cllifi u ii li i Ik- imiiiiIm-i nt :ii| th«*v had: CnMir^t* K. Flowri-. IL'; I M-. HuimIx. 71 ; A. I!, IMiMum, ;i'{; I). J. I'jjp'. 7:?; V.UU-v hr \\ tM'sc :iii(i .1. S. ClfiiH-iisalso licM siirccssfiil iii('('tiii;;s. Tlit- rliiii-i|i in li«-i- liistorv has Itapti/.iMl (iviT l.(MI() pcitph'. thni- (il w lidiii. .1. T. Alsiip. H<)Im'i( ni(*sh«ais and T. .1. (Joli^litly an- iniw failhfiil iiiiiiistrrs of ( liiisl. The l»rrs('iit iiiciiilicrshiii of tlic iliiiifh is L':?(l. JOPPA. This chiii-ch was (ir>:aiii/i(| S«|iiuildin;j in Mass;ic counlv. A n»'\s and model n cliajM-l has siiitf itrt-n rit'((«'d. not far fitun (lie oii;;inal site, dt'tlicatcil l»\ n. ,]. Vnin\ worth. .ijiLodH. and is |tai7:!. His (laii}ilii« is. Mrs. .hilia M«( 'aiiiH'.x . ilic witldw (»f I In- laic .hiti;^'c .Mt< 'ail iicv. is a resi- dent <»f .M<'tr(i|mlis. Tlie l{f\. .1. II. Stdil i»'i miifd afh-r .Mi-. Scotii'lirs (It-pa 11 III <' ant! miiaiiK-d in cliai •.'!■ . The house of \\(»ishi|i. « nniiiicin cd in iSCii. was th'dicated Rept. fdh. ISr.S. at a cost (d SL'.IMHI. The site, a verv I.eaiitifiil oiM'. was donated l»\ Mrs. Mdlane. to whom inuler , 1868. Mar. 25, 18(J8. Mar. ••^•^, 1868. Nov. 1^, 1S82. Feb. 15, 1885. Feb. 15, 1885. Mav 11, 1887. .Ian. 1, 181H). June 12, 1S!)2. Feb. 7, 18;M. Death.s June 13, 1851, Feb. ISJII, Jan. 23, 1892. The I'olldw in;: ininisieiial ie;;istci |iic>enis in a very itui densed foi III I he w oi'U ol I lie iiiiiiisli IS who lia\ e labored in I his held. It may \ery pin|ierly he divide<| inin iwo jmi inds. io8 History of 1. From the organization, June, 1850, to reorganization in 1866. During this period, the ministers who rendered ser- vice are as follows: Names of Ministers Period of Service Place and Date of Their Birth Eobert Stewart . ) John K. Deeving . ) William H. Bird . . Nehemiah A. Hunt, Edward B.Olmsted. George W. Elliott . George W. McCord Abraham S. Avery . ( The Organizers in ( June, 1850. An Occasional Supply Stated Supply, 1851 " " 1855 " " 1855-1856 Mason Co., Ky., May 5, 1798 Paris, Maine, May 1, 1823 Fayette Co., Ky.., May 31, 1814 Mason, N. H., Sept. 27, 1811 Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 29, 1813 The Key. A. T. Norton visited Metropolis in March. 180(), and reorganized the church, consisting of eight members. The design of the following is to give the names of pastors and stated supplies who have served the church since its reorgani- zation, and the time of their service : Names of Pastors and Tj^eir Period of Service Stated Supplies Joseph H. Scott . . Edward Scofield . Peter S. VanNest . R.C.Galbraith, D.D. James Lafferty . . Eben Muse .... Luther B. Dye . B. C. Swan, b.D . Henry W. Cross Farquer D. McRae Edgar L. Combs . Joseph L. Sawyer . /July, 1866, to 1871 \ and 1873 to 1878 July 1, '72 to April '73 July 5, 1879 to 1882 . . . Place and Date of Their Birth June, '82, to Mar. '83 Mar. 1885, to May, 1886 Dec. 15,'86toApr.l,'88 Nov. 1888 to Mar.1894 Mar. 1, '94, to Julv,'94 Feb. 1, '95, to Aug. '96 Feb. l,'97,toMay31,'98 June 1, 1899 Becket, Mass., Mar. 22, 1895 Norwalk, Conn., Sept.22, 1810 Amsterdam, N.Y., Aug. 21, '13 Feb. 10. 1839 Allegheny Co., Pa., Oct 31,'39 Marietta, O., Sept. 9, 1835 . Camden, O , Nov. 27, 1823 . Dec. 25, 1862 Baddock, N. S., Jan. 16, 1862 DeWittCo., Ill The Kev. Augustus Theodore Norton, D. D., is a name worthy to be held in remembrance throughout the state of Illinois for important work which he performed as a pastor at Alton, as district secretary from 1859 up to near the time oi his death, April 29th, 1884, and for his ''History of Presbyter- ianism in Illinois," a work of great value. To estimate its proper value would be a very difficult matter. Dr. Norton labored, principally in Illinois from Oct. 25th, 1835, to the time of his death, nearly 49 years. Massac County. 109 l>r. Norton was 11 man of vrrv suiM'iior talents and iMiltun* lith'd for almost any position in tin* church. And yet his s<»l«' ambition scmKnl to Im* to be useful in tin destitute fields. And, therefore, he adapted himself to things as he found them. And he o«»ntinued this laborious humble work. uns<'lflshly. until late in life. A tine scholar, a ;;rand jueather of tin- jjospc'l. an editor, an author and honored with distinction in various ways. East .iml West, and one who could have commande no longer litteii for work. REV. EDWARD SCOFIELD. Rev. Edward Scofidd. \\Ui> ministered to the Presbyterian church in Metropolis, Illinois, fiom August, 1872. to July, ISl'A, was born Sept. 22, 181(1, at Norwalk, Conn, llis mother dying when he was about 8 years of age he went to New York City to live with a married sister. His parents were Peter Sco- lield, second in line of tlie same name, one of whom served in the Kevolutionary War, and Susan S( otield. nee Bessie. In 18:U he canu' from New York by canal to Shawne<'town, III. He to(dv his meals on the boat and as the b(»at tied up at night, slept on it. lx*aving his baggage on the boat ho easily walked as fawt as th«* hors4*s. literally walking from New York City to Shawn<*«*town. HI. Theie taking up his baggage he foottnl it to Ja<'ksonville. 111., wlnio ho entered the prepaintory department of the Illinois college, and graduated in is:;7. un d"t E ( 'lovciiinient," <»f which there was a second edition, and a tianslaiioii <»f the same in Aramaic; "Civil . e.xcepi the time AL i-in i., of rhicapi, Sup( linteiident of tin- Illinois II. M. S.. was present to assist in the meeting. After prayer iind conference together, it was unanimously \oted as the 8eiiH<' of the nieetinf; that a <'on^re;;ational church be or pinixe«I in this city and steps to etfect the Hsiine be immediately taken. .Many havin;; carefully read the manual for churches prepared Ity Kev. Dr. Tompkins, it was voted t«i make said inanuul the baHii) of or{;anization. and that the cuvenant bind s 114 History of ing them together be taken publicly Sunday, June 30, 1889, at 10:'>0 a. m. At the appointed hour a large congregation as- sembled in the gospel tent. After devotional exercises a suit- able sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Tompkins and fifty-four persons stood and entered into covenant as charter members. The meetings were continued one week longer, and July 7th there were ten accessions at the morning service and the young church held its first communion service that afternoon. A Sunday school was organized and started with the church on its work and mission. At the mid-week meeting July 10th, the name Trinity Congregational church was proposed by Mrs. A. P. Oakes, and readily adopted by the church. After com- pleting the organization the next consideration was a building to worship in. However, the regular Sunday services were held sometimes in the tent, and sometimes when the weather was not favorable, services were held in the court house, while the mid-week meetings were held generally at the home of some member. About August 1st, a suitable lot having been found, Brother R. G. B. McKee advancedlhe money and bought it for the church. August 26th, the trustees were elected a building committee, and the church voted to erect a house of worship to be built of brick with stone trimmings. In October work was begun and progressed favorably. January 2tth. 1890, the church called its first pastor, the Rev. J. Wesley John- son of Joplin, Mo. By March, 1890, the building was enclosed and prepara tions were made for holding first services therein some time in April, but on March 27, a terrible storm, since known as the cyclone, passed over this community, and among the losses the young church was at first thought to be a complete loss. Like the Israelites when they came to the banks of the Red Sea and could not turn right or left or backward, they had apparently reached the end, when the good pastor came to the rescue with the advice ''stand still and see the salvation of the Lord.'"' Soon the sister churches of the state rallied grandly to the rescue and the work of taking down and rebuilding the walls was begun June 29th, 1890, the floors being laid, a small space was cleared of lumber and work benches, &c., and the Massac Cn tnty. i 15 first 8t*r\ iff was ln-ld just niic vc.ii- afti-r ils Mi-;:aiii/.ai iitii. Il\ tin* kiii«lii« ss of Ml-. Kd. IlraiKT s«'i\ icrs liad Imcm Ik-IiI iipsiaiis oMT his KttMf tliiiiii^ Apiil. May and .hiiif. 'V\\r ^t>. Asso ciatioii having Im-cii \iiird lo MctroiMdis foi- Si'|i|(1iiIh r. isiMi, and tlic chtirrli hriii^ wrll iii^Mi (-(iiiiiiU-lrd. it was ili(iu;:iit liiai Siiitdav, S<'|tt. L'lst. winild !»•• an a|tpin|»!iat«' liiiic 1<» dcditatr tin* churrli t<» tin- caiisf for wliidi it Iiaasl(»r until Uci. listh. IS!H, when he resigned the pastoi-ate. hein<^ called to another field of lahoi'. Oil Feh. 2J sum which places us out of debt. ( Mit of debt so far as linan cial (ddigatioii is eoueerned. but deeply indebtiMl to heaven. \N'e als(» find the church to have be»*n served by five «dllcient pastuiK, all of whom have reiidertnl faithful service, which has Ihh'U (baraeterized with an earnest endeavor to promote the spiritual, iutellecluul, moral and social growth, not onlv of ii8 History of our own household of faith, but of creating feelings of Chris- tian fe]k)\\shij) and good will among other denominations and we're now being served by a young though consecrated and zealous pastor, wJjo is leading on to victory, and thus Trinity Congn gfitional church in launched on the second decade of its existence delivered of all its hampering limitations, with great possibilities before her and Divine favor upon her. And after recounting the mercies of the Lord toward us and the great things which He liath wrought through His church in the past, we are resolved to press forward in this grand move ment, marching ever under the motto which chimed over Beth- lehem: "Peace on Earth, Good Will Toward Men." ST. ROSE'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. (MISS VITA MULKEY.) It is universally admitted that the pioneer of civilization in the present State of Illinois was a Catholic missionary. A (Catholic priest was the first European who stood on the soil of Illinois. And there is also hardly any doubt that a French Catholic missionary was the first one to offer public service to the God of Christians within the boundaries of the present county of Massac. The sources from which its early history is compiled warrant this assertion. Still many years elapsed be- fore Massac county was to have a Catholic church. This was owing not to any religious indifferentism, but to the small nimiber of Catholics residing therein. For several years the Catholics of Metropolis and vicinity had assembled in a hall for their Divine worship when in the spring of 1896 they re- solved, encouraged and urged on by their energetic and zealous pastor, Rev. John Duffy, to build a church, in which the differ- ent ceremonies of their religion could be executed with more ease and splendor. Work was begun at once, and in the fall of the same year the edifice, a substantial frame structure, was completed. On the 7th of October it was formally dedicated by the bishop of the diocese, in the presence of a large (Con- course of people. The church was placed under the patron- Ma.s.sa( Col n n . 119 age of the first Aiiumujii; sjiiiit. H(>s«* of Lima. Inncf ilu- naiiif St. llose's chiirih. Soon aft«*r the dcdi»ati(»ii ttf (lit- chiiK h I-'atlui- DiilVv re si^iKHl 218 pastor. He was siiecetHled by the Rev. Francis IMeper. >vh(i is still in iharj^e. During his ]»astiirate the church has Imcii }»racti«'allv ( leaied of debt and niiu h has been done to beautify its interior, several iniprovtMnenis being yet in petto, runsiderini: the small number of Calhoiics that reside in .Me trop(dis. it must be said that the rhurch they have erected speaks well for their religious zeal, divoiion and liberality. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. For years the ^ooth. 1S95, and set in order. So earnest were these Christian workers that on -\u^'. ISth. 1^05, the same year, a neat, commodious house of wiu'ship was dedi- cated by Bish(»p Castle under the most favorable circum stances. Kev. J. L. Hrandenburg. whose likeness appears elsewhere, was the first presiding elder; Messrs. James Toniliusou, de- ceased. John Kenned\. Ilirani Brown, \N'. 11. Hailey. and James .\. Annis were the tirst trustees; James A. .Vnnis was the tirst class leader; William Travelstead and Robert Shaw, Stewarts; James Tomlinson and Frank Ogden. finance committee; (Jeorge \\ otMluai'd was tin- tirst Sunday school-^upciintendent. During the succeeding years the presiding elders have been Kevs, S. Mills. 1 s'».>;k; ; J. ].. lirandenberg. 1s;m;i»7; T. D. Sj.y ker, 1WJ7!>S; J. L. Hrandenberg, Is'.tsit'.i; J. 15. Connett. 1^;H» lyoO. The pastors have been Kevs. Mis. I.cminx ; \\ . F. Trout ; J. C. Fowler, two years; W. L. lMindist chuiih At the close of the Revolutionary War there were about eighty travelinfj preachers and about lifteeii thousand mem bers. \\ lien tin- independence «)f the l'nite«l States was ac knowledged by the treaty of 178:i, the American Methodists, most of whom had been members of the Church of England, were now, totally disentangled funn both tlu' Stale and the English hierarchy. And -Mr. Wesley said that tlu-y are now at full liberty simjdy to ftdlow the Scriptures and the primitivt church, and we judge it bt si that ihey should stand fast in that liberty, wherewith Uod has so strangely made them free." Many of the jtarish clergy nturned \o England, leaving the so cieties \Nithout a shepherd, or any one to administer the saira- ments to them. As the spiritual children ol .Mi. \\ csley they Sent up an ajtp<-al to him for advice and help. Mr. \\ fsley res]ioiided by sending tliem two I'resbylers (or elders) for the American churches, \i/: Thomas Vasey and Ikichard NN'hatcoat. These Mr. W«'sley set apart by prayer and the imposition of hands; also he set apart the lvc\. 1 M-. Thomas Coke to be general superintendent 01 llisliop. Mr. \\ rsby in structe«l l)r. Coke to (»rdain l*'rancis Asbury as joint superin- tendi-nt also, to assist in the work «tf lhej»avis, three years; 1890, John F. Harmon, three years; 1893, Massac- County. 125 J. H. JoiH*8, two .vtmrs; 18J)5, L. J. (fi-antluin. imh- vpur; IWMi. .1. W. .larksoii. ihicf >»«ais; 1S!M». W. T. MoniK. Mctluxlisiii in .Mt'lr(»|Milis li;is hccii |»r(»;iiTssiv<'. Tlic jticH till lifainifnl sinirtiin' \\.•l^ lic;:iiii in ilit- laltnis nf l{c\. T. ,1. lia\is ill 1SS!I. ami riiin|)lfi<-(l iiiMh-r (lie iiiiiiistrv of l{4-\. Jlfti<>n. is locatt'd on lln- cdrncr of l*\'ri-\ and Fifth 8treet8, near the t-onit lioiisc. It is an ornain< ntal linildin<^ of 7«!. lit S«'|iltiiilici- 1. 1>^«.. llific Writ- lie; liapt i/iil. U'J rniitiniitsi. 1 1 roiiplcs man ifd. Miitl 1 1!) Itiiricd. A( |»r*-si'iii tlu- fliiirrli iias no ir^^nlai- pasioi-. Maiiv of our Ixst (ili/ciis liaxr lu't'ii fiirolh'tl as iihmmIicis of iliis clinit h. CHAPTER XVIIL METROPOLIS CHY, GENERAL HISTORY. K the iiaiiie of Metropolis is wi-apt the dream of its I founder, William A. McBaiie, Sr., who was at- tracted bv the invitiug and beautiful location for a modern city, considered by experienced boat- men, as the most beautiful on the Ohio and lower ^ Mississippi. Mr. McBane was also a practical en- ^^ gineer and a New Orleans and Pittsburg mer- chant, whose business necessitated trips on the river. He reasoned that a railroad bridge must span the Ohio, connecting the North and South, and that this was the most natural and available crossing. Up- on landing from a flat-boat of merchandise, he found J. H. G. Wilcox, the ow ner and occupant of perhaps 1,000 acres of the land which had struck his fancy, and he immediately purchased with his stock of goods a half interest in the virgin soil, April 18, 1839. McBane i' ;is 17(IL' l»v .lii«li<-riiii :ili(l I'illllrl- .Mfllllfl iiml lilllcd ".\ssmil|il iull." Tlir silliic s|M»t nil wliicli llic I'lciuli sdhlicis ;iltfi w ;ii tl Iniill I'ml .Mjissaf. ii\ci- an liniulriMl vcars a^^o a spot as liisttuii allv sa<'i'<-«l ami K-iiowiird as anv in the rit-li annals of Illinois. Jaincs lIiMuliicks (iains W ilcox owned anil o<. 'riiiifi. failiei on tin hill and the attend ant wooden Iniildin^s and sheds" was in keeping: wiili .Meirtip idis at that time. This liotol was also condiHi'-d hv .luhn .M. « "unnini^liam an«l wife, patents of Mis. Mary S. Lo«;an, w if«" oi i;^h»\\ in the •""(;()";<■' l»e;;an llie nianii failure of s|)(»k«'s and hnl»s. Their phint assumed exieiisixi' proportiuus and continued until the panic of \S'X\. The Messrs. I.oud estal«lishe deal e.\tensi\cly in the retail lundier tra«le. These ;;enlleinen were? reared in M«'tropils and Prof. Clarence Bonnel. principal, and Mesdames Rose E. Cutting and Magenta Kennedy, assistants, Massac Coi'ntv .>.i ha\c •■|iar^«' ui llli- llijill srhonl. Tin- Missis M.iImI llniils, L«t(tic .loliiiKoii. Aniiiiila Ai iiisiroii^, Nina Sliiiii|Mi i. l.aiiia Nordciiiaii. Mrsilaiiics M. A. Ihi;:<;*'r and Lama l.<»\c. ami .lulm N. W'cavrr iwv lln* ^iiadf icaclnis. 'i'ln rdluird silioids lia\i' four lrarln*i-w. Mi-. (J. S. Muiiav. pi inri|»al ; Mi s. Lena !'liilli|(|is. Ik-iii- Krown and Mrs. Lin lla riitiisi- IHi- iIk- i^radcH. I'litf. Kdward ly(in;jlMins. a ^iiadiiair <»f lln' S«nitln'iii Mil n<»;s NoiinaK « 'arlxtndalc is siiju i inicinlcni (if llic NNlndr svs li III. Ill- lias |ii(i\t d liiinsrlt i lini (tii<;lilv roinpi lent and a foiii' \rai-s' (MHirsc S and lodav a p<»pular piiLlic reading: room and lihiary is enjoyed Ly the city. Asitle from this tin- woiiiiii ha\e a local Lrainli of the W omen's Literary ( liih, ami sescral reatliii'^ eirtles. CHURCHES. The .Methodint Kpincopal rhiinh has a eoniniodinus. wi-ll furnished. LrirU Liiildin;; and a re;;ular pastor; als<» (he Con j:re;;alionalisis. the rresLyteiiaiis. t'iiristian. Haptist. I'niied I'.iethreii. I'.aptist colored, and .\. M . !•!.. ••ach own niiMlein frame churclii*s and maintain re;^'ular pastors. The Catholics liav<* a neat fraiin-. the tiermaii Lutherans a hriid;. the Kpisco- paliaiis ha\i- no house. \et eai h h.ivi* hitvIcch, though at inti-r va's. i;^4 History of BANKS. In the "'50's" wild cat banks were organized and chartered for Metropolis and Brooklyn, one each, but never went into operation, although an office was opened. About 1809 Manning Mayfleld, who had come to Metrop- olis, induced R. G. B. McKee to build a banking building on Third street in connection with his business block. A bank was opened under the name of M. Mayfield & Co., and Nov. 1st it was understood that Mayfield's brother Abram was his asso- ciate. In 1871, W. R. Brown was admitted as a partner and Maylield r-emoved to St. Louis. Under the management of W. R. Brown the firm continued until June 12, 1883, as that of M. Maylield 4S: Co., when the name was changed to that of Brown and Bruner by the admission of W. P. Bruner. This Arm con- tinued in business until June 12, 1895, when an assignment of the bank's assets was made to E. P. Curtis and D. W. Helm, as- signees. During the life of the Brown & Bruner bank, business growth demanded an additional one, and Aug. 1, 1881, Messrs. H. & A. Quante, R. G. B. McKee, A. P. Oakes and J. M. Choat, under the firm name of McKee, Quante & Co. opened a bank on Third street, and May 5, 1884, turned over the company's as- sets to the First National Bank, then organized. R. W. Mc- Cartney secured the charter and became its first president, serving until elected circuit judge, when J. F. McCartney suc- ceeded him. After the expiration of the judicial term, R. W. McCartney was again elected president and served until his death. Hiram Quante has been president since then. The capital stock is 150,000. J. M. Choat was cashier from 1881 to 1889; W. H. Armstrong, 1889 to 1897; J. M. Choat, 1897 to the present. The directors are Messrs. H. and A. Quante, D. Arens- man, R. H. Austin, W. H. Kraper, Ed. J. Cowling, and Henry Miller. Immediately after the failure of the Brown & Bruner bank, J. F. McCai'tncy, who had sold his stock in the First National Bank, promoted the organization of the State Bank of Metrop- Massac County. 135 olis, which was chartiM-ril aiul u|itiiiital st(M U \\ii> im ita>i.l in ;?.'»(•. (KM* ftom ^iTi.lMHi and the hank nici^rd into a Natinnal Hank under tbf National Itankin^ laws, with the name of 'Tlu' National i^tate Itank of Metro|M(lis. Illin(»is.'* NEW CHARTER. -Vt a special meeting; of th»* \ illa^je trustees Maich 7. 1851), an eh'etion was calh*d f. IIi« k's ollice. To hold the «de«-tion Messrs. Win. M« w is Lafo'it and .l.unes K. House. In the s4'cond ward the jud^'es w«Me: Daniel Itornier. II. S. Li^htfoot. .Michael Zrandih-x; and H. I^iu^^hlin and Thoman Daivis. ch'iks. In the third ward the judges wtre: Daniel Uowker, D. II. Diers and dason L. Stone; the clerks w«Te .Itdin W. Foster and .1. T. Stewart. As a ri'sult of the election W'il liani \ . .Mi(h-e was elected nniyor, 1G2 voteu; John I'. IlitkM. 136 History of magistrate, 105 votes; over William McDowell, 78 votes; J. Dayhuff was chosen marshal at 91 votes; his opponents and votes were: J. H. Tucker, (IS; J. AY. Hoagland, 5, and G. B. Choat, IG; The aldermen and votes are as follows: First ward, L. A. Lafont 31, W. L. (Jooped 22,— J. T.Brown 21. J.R.Gates 9, J. C. Roberts 17, and R. S. Rankin 1; Second ward, G. W. Bunn 01, John T. Rennie 35,— AA'. R. Brown 2(>, H. R. Lightfoot 12, \N\ IT. Scott 6; Third ward, John C. Burden 43, Tillman Roby 27,— J. F. Mears 15. The first meeting was held in John B. Hicks' office and the first recommendation of the mayor-elect was one in favor of granting liquor license, which at the same meeting was fixed at |200 a year, and they prohibited the sale of liquor to the intoxicated and boys under eighteen. John Kebler took out the first license. An annual license was placed on ten- pin alleys, then popular, and it also covered billiard tables, April 22, 1859^ C. W. Lusk was authorized to publish the pro- ceedings required by law at one-half his regular rate in "The Sentinel." April 23rd, they returned $10.00 borrowed by the city of W. H. Green, and allowed each alderman 50 cents for each regular and called session. May 18, 1861, a resolution was passed authorizing the citj clerk to purchase three kegs of powder, two sacks of buckshot, and 100 bars of lead for the "Home Guards" to be used in de- fense of the city from threatened attacks by the rebels. MAYORS. The first mayor was William V. McGee, 1859 to 1860, and until 1901 ai-e as follows: W. H. Scott, 1860-2 elected twice; Abram Bruner, 1862-3; Joseph T. Browne, 1863-4; John F. Challes, 1864-6; Joseph T. Browne, 1866-7; T. J. Parker, 1867-8; J. C. Burden, 1868-9; Joseph Walmsley, 1869-70, resigned Jan. 8, 1870, and J. E. Roberts elected pro tem.; J. E. Roberts, 1870-1; J. C. Willis, 1871-2; Geo. W. Corlis, 1872-3; Dr. J. H. Scott, 1873-5; being the first mayor elected for two years under the statute of 1872, and re-elected, 1875-77; H. Rampendahl, 1877-9; Dr. J. H. Norris, 1879-81; T. S. Stone, 1881-3; Benjamin Massac County. 137 lliiiikin. lSS{r»; IM. 1. II. NOiris. lSvS5 7; ItiMijiiiiiiii Itiiiikiu, ISST-U, (Iviiijj iifUT (liirltf n iiiundis* HfrvicM*. and Mav 1 I. 1H8S, the roiiiH-il i-l(M-tc(I AUIitiiiaii A. (jiiaiiti* to fill out lla- iilii'X l»ii«* will icai li altoin 4,.1(K) iiihaltitaiit.s, and ilir <-ii\ lia.^ foiii wards. IvoImii K. Miir d«'ii is ritv (-l.. IS(H;. by the Ivevs. Stephen Stilley aiul W illi;».m .loiies. This church existed twenty years, when it was dissolved, and a poitittn of its members joined in the organization of the (Iraml IMerre church, (htjdter L'lst, ISL'T. by KIder Stephen Stilley and Wil- liam Kond'-aii. which church still has an existence. The sec- ond chunh or^anizem Mill Creek church is still in existence. We can learn of but two < hunh buildings, priiu to ls40. to wit: Hi{; Kay Haptist church, about one mile from (ir(*en's old niiil. and Grand I'ierre church, about twidve miles north of (ifdconda. also a Ua|)tisi church. Itoth were U^ Itiiildiiij^s. and were iisetl for a Ion;; time. Itay church was abandom*4l on ac ciiuot of the rowdyism of some parties, led by uuf Lliram (Siei'ii I40 History of who habitually disturbed the congregation gathered for wor- ship. The membership disbanded and assisted in forming new churches at other points. Grand Pierre church fared better, and worshipped in peace and quiet, in their house, until it be- came necessary to erect a new building. The leading ministers of the Ba])tist denomination were Father Stilley — as he was called — AA'illiam Rondeau — an En- glishman — William Baker, John Hamilton, a Mr. Henderson, and, a little later, Charles Clay and Eichard Fulherson. The Methodists, Presbyterians and Cumberland Presby- terians had no houses for public worship, so far as we can learn, before 1840, but held their services in school houses, pri- ^ate dwellings, and in the court house in Golconda, and, for theic larger assemblies, held what were called campmeetings. The plan of these meetings was to select a grovenear a plentiful sujjpl}' of water, and clear the underbrush from a square suffi- ciently large to accommodate the assembly, then build tem- porary huts or tents on three sides of the square for the ac- commodation of the campers and their guests, which were abundantly supplied with straw; what was called ''scaffold beds" were constructed around the walls, and a supply of straw was placed on the ground under the beds, and all was used for sleeping apartments. A large log was placed at the back of the camp hut — all camps fronted on the enclosed square — against which was built a fire for culinary purposes, and a long board table, supported by forks driven in the ground, at which all took their meals. Hospitality, in its widest sense, prevailed at these meetings, and no one needed to leave hungry, or fail to find a place in which to rest and sleep. Large assemblies have been })rovided for in this way. Inside the square, a pulpit was erected near one end, with high platform floor, boarded up at the back, roofed, and with a seat at the back, with a board in fiont, on which to lay the books, this — and the pulpit was completed. In front of the pulpit or "stand," as it was named, rows of logs were placed with one end toward the pulpit, and the other to the open side of the square, across which planks — or in their absence, split logs — were placed for seats for the congrega M \-^\( County. 141 tion. All Iteiii;; pr«|iaii tl. ali(nit Tluiisdav «l l»y ihesc iiu'ctin^s. hut as there was necessarily some ronfusion attending timse annual pitherinjjs, some evil-min»h'd persons look the liherty of alms inj; the hospitality of the rampeis. and raused su«h ilisoi-der. that it was ihoufjht best to discontinue them. Their neees sity also e«*ased as the countiy heram<' settled, and ehurvh<*s were built. Of the old time plearheis. the proiiiiiieiit persons of the Itaptist church have been mentioned. Williani Komhau. the most prominent amoii^ them, came from Kn^land at an eaily day and settled near (lok-onda. where he lesiiled for some years, and then he purchasetl the island just above (lolconda, on wliieh he had his home foi- the lemaindei- of his life. lie was an i*dud, saying: "If you have anything; wortli saying, speak out. that we nniy all hear it. and I will wail until you h.ne done, as it is bad manners for two persons to sptak at the saiiw lime, and be •^ide iliis. Paul says. *:«ll w hisp«Mers are liaiTil' " 142 History of Ml". Rondeau had some liunior in his make up, for example: One night, after a preaching service, he went with a brother minister named Hamilton for lodging. The wife of Mr. Hamil- ton, not going home, the two old preachers had the house to themselves. After conversing awhile they thought the}^ had better have a lunch before retiring. Mr. Hamilton on search- ing, failed to find bread. He said: '1 know there was a 'pone" here, but I cannot find it." Mr. Rondeau answered, 'Tone, Pone, Ponee, Pona, Pony. Pony is a little 'orse — I don't want to 'heat' an 'orse." He lived to good old age, and left a good influence behind him. Of the other liaptist ministers mentioned, they were all good men and did the best work for the community that they could, but none of them were liberally educated, and conse- quently did not have the influence in moulding the young and / growing country that Mr. Rondeau possessed. Of the ministers of the Presbyterian church in the early days of the country, there was but one who had much to do in influencing, for good, the pioneers". Perhaps this was from the fact that he was the only one who was here for a time, sufficient to accomplisli much. This was the Rev. Ben- jamin F. Spilman. He preached his first sermon here when quite a young man, and was the princii)al minister of that de- nomination here for about forty years. He was a native of Kentucky, was educated, and was an earnest and zealous preacher. He had an influence which has not been forgotten in the different fields where he was called to the ministry. His discourses were logical, earnest, affectionate, and compelled his auditors to believe that he felt the truth of the principles which he urged upon them. He died at a ripe old age after a life of usefulness to his fellowmen. In the earlier days of his ministry he spent much of his time on horseback, as his appointments covered an extent of more than one hundred miles in diameter, and he has been known to go on horseback from Golconda to Philadelphia, l'(Minsylvania, to attend the sessions of the general assembly of his church. A gentleman who lived on the hill south of Gol- Massac CorNTv 14; ciiihIji. \v1h> pitiffssrtl to ln'li(*vj' that all pi« a< lnis wcrr lazv. ami took tn tin miiiistrv to a\oi»l \\oik. aiul wliosr it'si«l<'inr ovcrlooktHl till* lioiiKc of Ml. S|iiliiiaii. saw tiial wlnn In- < aiii** lioiiK- from a pirarliiii^ tour, lit- )tiill«- ■of the whole country, and his interest was not manifested by words alone. His works were more abundant than were his Avords. The whole country around felt his loss when he was carried to God's acre. And when he fell, there was no' one in that community who could take up the work which he left in an unfinished condition, and carry it on successfully as he had been doing. He was a good man in every respect, and was entitled to, and enjoyed the warm affection of all who knew him. Peace to his ashes. The first settlements in Pope county, with a few excep- tions, were on or near the banks of the Ohio river. At or near the site of what was afterward Golconda, George V. Lusk, for whom Lusk's creek was named, and his wife Sarah, or Sallie, as she was called, for whom the town was first named Sarahs- ville, were the fi.rst settlers. The date of coming cannot now be given. Thomas Ferguson was also one of the first to come to the place for a home in that wild region. He after- ward became the owner of the laud on which the town of Gol- conda was laid out, and donated twenty acres of land for a portion of the town. Green B. Field, the grandfather of Gen- eral Green B. Raum, purchased the lands of Ferguson. Other pioneers here were Daniel Field, Dr. William Sim, Hugh Mc- Nulty, Ransom Peters, William Rondeau, Thomas Laroth, Jos- eph Pryor, James King, John Raum, Joshua Scott, William Belford, and Charles Dunn. A few miles above Golconda at or near the mouth of (irand Pierre creek, was a settlement of pioneers, extending into what is now Hardin county. John Crawford located there in 1808, at or near the same time Alex- ander Blair, Samuel O. Melvania, James Sted and Hugh Rob- ertson, W'ith others who were but transient or were not prom- inent in the community. The persons who are named were nearly all from the Emerald Isle. The settlement of the Lower Bay bottom was made in an early day by AA'illiam Cowan, Robert Scott and Samuel Smith, who located there b(^fore 1817, and bought large bodies of gov- ernment land. Their descendants still reside on the river or near to it in that part of the county. One Tittsworth was also Massac County. 143 a {ii(iii<«-r wIm) liM-ah-d a land uairaiil in IMI mar that point, at tlic (-onttiii'iicc of lli«- l>i^ llav .iimI i Id' < tjijo. 1(4 ulifii (iliivcr and .Tolin Wood also locatcil on land in that \iriiiitv. William liviM- hH-attil on land in tin- sann- plarc in ISK!, and his dc Ki'cndants art- still to Im- f<»nnfl llini'. AnotluT farlv soit Icinciit was l»ch»\\ Mav ('it,\. tin- |tionii iH'iit int-niltci-x of wlioni \v«'if, J«din Ix'wis. Jcdiii L. llirkinaii, Cu'orjje 13. Wootl and John Neely, who was the j^randfatlu'i- of tin* Iat<* (looij^r \V. N<«'ly of Met lopolis. with otlu'is not so well known outside ihcif iinincdiatc noses, but there were no saw mills, and no means of transporta- tion by which lumber could be brought from other points. But the Frenchman was equal to the situation. He got his logs for the lumber and set them on end, confined them there, scaffold- ed up, and set his boys on the scaffold, and with a cross-cut saw cut his lumber from top to bottom and built his house, which was standing until a few years since, when it was torn down and removed. Others came into the country, and settled near Mr. Le Roy. Among the prominent persons were Charles A. Shelby, who afterward lived in Massac count}', Jacob Shelby, a brother, I believe; John Ditterline. and James Green, who built and owned the mill, known as Green's old mill, where lumber was sawed and corn ground into meal for the use of the settlers. These men had means at their command and became promi- nent in the community. Mr. Charles Shelby loaned money to a large number of persons who wished to enter government land. On one oc- casion a friend came to him to borrow fifty dollars with which to enter a tract of land, and, having obtained it, went to the land office at Shawneetown, and purchased the tract on which Mr. Shelby lived. He was aware that Mr. Shelby was occu- pying public land while loaning money to others, and thought he would perpetrate a practical joke upon him, and then give him a deed to the land in payment for the loan, but Mr. Shelby failed to see the joke, and becoming ofl'ended, bad blood was the result, and a long suit at law with heavy expenses was the end of the matter. John Ditterline lived in peace and died at a ripe age and left numerous descendants behind him, many of whom still live in the county. James Green, who was the builder and owner of the mill on the lia^ creek — run by water power — came in an early day from the State of New York, and his saw and grist mill was the source of supply of lumber and meal for a large extent Massac County. 147 (tf culinti-v . aixi \\:is Urpl in (i|M-r:il inn :ilii-r it \\;is irliiiilt Ki*V- (*i':il times, on \\iv snuir silr. Mi-. (irmi was a |ii-oiiiiii«'ii( < iii- Zi'U ill \hv roiiitti'v. and was inti-lli^'t-nt lM-\cinil tlir a\*Ta^i- of {M<-nd. lie died at tin- |»la«-«- on wliirh In- tii'st l(>t-att'd at a ripe aj;i'. W liilc In- stood fail- as a nnin and a inill<-i'. he was a failnit' as tin- failn-r of a faniil,\. Iirin;^ tlit* fatln-r of tin* luitcd Hiiain — oi- lliti* — tJi-tM-n. wlm was a d,\ the uuluokell folesl. wilh Uo otller seiilei- for miles ill anv direction. Thesj* are all the prcnu ineiit settlements whith were made prior to the vear ISL'O. There Were sonu- is(dated settlers prior to that time, hut who did not foiin a nei;;hliorho<(d, and did not leave their ini- jiress on the eommunitv. Of those 1 will name Benjamin liel ford, who laiM'd several sons noted for their heij^ht, almost a head above their neij^hhors; Ebenezer Simpson, who settifd near where Xew Lilierl y was aft<*iward laid out, ami who was. in his younj;er «lays. en^M;,'ed in running' keel boats on the Ohio river. .John IWowii. also a keel boat hand, settled six miles north of ( iob-onda. with his brot her. Win. Brown. Jesse .M«r(Md settled in an earl.v |Miinted ( iom-iimm- of ilu- 'reriitoiy, and removed tlu'ie. never coming lta( k. There was no other icsident law yer from tlw tinu- of iMinn's leaving nntil neai- isjit. when .Judge W'i'slcv Slo;in seiilcd licie, remaining nniil his tltMih. He was a man of more than < ommon ability as an attr. Sim was the only physician in or near (Jolconda. and he as a n suit, had a huge tract of country to travel over. W'luMi l>r. Sim was married, he went to Thiladelphia for liis bride, going r, Sim, and soon after Ebenezer Hondeau — a son of Kev. \Vm. l{i>ndeau, and .John i*. Hodge, ant-. Komh an died in Livingston county, Kentucky, and Hr. Hanna died in tin- pres 154 History of ent limits of Massac county, below Metropolis. A younger and more numerous crop of doctors have sprung into exist- ence, and now, four or five miles is (juite a ride for an M. D. to take in liis buggy or road cart, instead of the twenty or thirty miles on horseback of their predecessors. Perhaps the historian wishing to give his readers a favor- able opinion of the times of which he was writing would saj little, or nothing, about the early schools, school houses, or teachers of the common schools. Especially would this be the case when writing of the early days of Pope county, but the historian does not make history, he records it. So far as I can learn the first country school — if not the first school — in Pope county, was taught in the present limits of Hodgville by George H. Hanna, and the second in a differ- ent house, was taught by a Mr. Woolcut, and the third in the same bounds, but in a different house, was taught by a Mr. Wheat. Sometimes two of these schools were in progress at the same time. James Pittallo, emigrated from Scotland, taught for a number of years, and was^ — for that time — an excellent teacher. He was raised in affiuence, and never taught to do any work. When he was of age he inherited eighty thousand pounds, sterling. He, however, with what assistance he re- ceived, soon got rid of this incumbrance, and was reduced to poverty. He said that the people would have to support him, for he could do no business, but if they would permit him, he would educate their children for them. Generally the best qualification for a school teacher, was his inability, or unfit ness for any other occupation. School teachers in that day were mostly cripples. The school house of that date was neither commodious nor elegant; in fact, gave no external evi- dence of a seminaiy or college. But boys and girls obtained there Ihe rudiments of an education which made of them men and women Avho in after years were persons of note and use- fulness. Take a typical house in which school was taught in those days. The house was built of unhewn logs, about eighteen by Massac County. 155 t\\«'iii\ fiM-j ill (liiiiciisioii. W hen almiil four fcf! Iii^ili aiiuiln-i wall was btiili a<-i'osK one ciul tlii-cc m- four f«-ct from tlit' oiilcr wall, and tliis s<*rvr«l for a lin- plate, ami a rliimtM-v wliicli i-x \ruih-t\ a<-ross till' ••iitii'f Iniiidiii;;. TUr wlioji- was iIh-ii ilaiilM-«| with clay to close I Im* Sparc Imi w icii iln' li>;.is. and roofed ,\iili clajtbor.rds. Trci's wfic cut ami split inio slalis ti\c oi- six inches lliick and Wert* laid on lo^js for a tlooi-. Sinallei- tiees weie split into halves, au^er hoh-s liored in iheni in which l«» drive U';;s. and these, with the flat side up. Were the seats taim-d their education. One of the early teatdiers in nt of the leading; facts. but projwrly deelined to «lo s«». as thev nii^ht liy mistake crim inate an innocent peison. In those pi(>n«*<'r days the slieiijith of imiscle, the powers of onduninco. and «|ui(kness of movement were of the tirst im portance, and wei-e hehl in hi;;her esttM*m than were intellec tiial (»r nwtral (|iialities. and as nature always makes an elToii to sup|»ly its own (h'tltien< it-s. the amnseinents and spotts of the youn;:er men and hoys wci-e of a eharacter eahiihited to d<*vehip tlie (pialities which wcie hehl in the hi<;h«'St re.u;ard When yoiinjj men oi- lioys weic together and had leisure, their pastime was runninVhile there a discussion arose between the regiment from southern Illinois and a ^A■isconsin regiment ns to the be«t jumper. A challege for a jumping match was given and acceptiil. Tlie match was for three jumps on the level prairie. The Illinois regiment selected fint leached by Dodge, who after repeated 158 History of trials gave up the contest, and acknowledged defeat. In fact, ^Ir. Fnlkerson was never defeated at a standing three jumps, in which he covered Ihirty-six feet or more on a level. As to his strength in lifting heavy weights, a single in- stance will suffice. At a gathering of some thirty or forty men at a log-rolling, there was a heavy cast-iron wheel, and i( was proposed to test the strength of the men by lifting that M'heel. Upon lifting at the wheel only three men could raise it from the ground, to-wit: James F. Fulkerson, Richard Fnl- kerson — his brother — and John Blanchard. Blanchard lifted the wheel with Richard Fulkerson on it; Richard Fulkerson raised it with Blanchard on it, and James Fulkerson raised it with both Richard Fulkerson and Blanchard on it, both being- heavy men. These three men were raised to pioneer life, and had cultivated muscle from childhood. So far this sketch has been limited to the time pre- ceding the year 1820, but now will give a statement of the origin, and acts of the Regulators so far as Pope county was concerned. In the year 1842 a man named Henry Sides came to the country from Tennessee and located a few miles south- west of Eddyville. He was what was called a ^'Carolina Dutchman," was honest and simple, and had no fear of the dishonesty of others. He owned sixteen or eighteen slaves, and thinking that he ought not to leave them in slavery at his death, having no cliildren, he knew, in that case, they woiild be scattered, and families broken up, so he resolved to manu- mit th(?m during his life. As the laws of Tennessee forbade the act of manumission there, he came to Illinois, where he could carry out his philan- thropic plan. As some of his slaves had married with others, owned by other persons, he, before leaving Tennessee, pur- chased such as had husbands or wives owned by him, so as not to disturb the family relation then existing, and brought them with him, and liberated them on the same terms that he did those that he owned before. This shows the ])rinciples by which he was govei'ued. Mr. Sides ent(M'(Ml land, built liini a home, and houses for his colored wards, gave them their free Massac County. 159 doiii. :!nil •.'M\c ImiiiiIk jiccnrdiii}; to tin- tlini fxistiii^ la\\>i on lli«- siilijiM-i, and all livrd mi iIm- saiii<- faiiii. Im- tiiaiia<,Miic f«M th.'iM, and wurkin^i as liai-d amtidin;; lu aitiliiv as lln-v. A v»*ar or two lutt r. a .Mi-. i>oMt of 'rriincsscf, liavin;; a nninltci- (if slaves, and no fainilv. liion^'lil liis slaves out to Pope roiin ty, Illinois, and inanuniitted iIh-hi ar his home and hoisted iln m np on tie' loft until he roiild make distrilmtiitn. This Riim of money, so carelessly stowed a\\a_\. excited the cupidity of certain persons, who thon^ht that what "a niji;;er" owned, a white man had the ri*;hi to take am! possess, and they formed the phm to jiossess themselves w cas4*s and left. The \oun;.;<-r woman was able to noti* their actions, as well as th«'ii- numbers, but in their dis;;uise did not reco<^iii/e ;iny one. and indeed would not ha\e do no 80 had the\ not lion dis;;uised. The onl> clue left, was a lurg-' knife in a s<-abbard. which had been attached to its i6o History of owner's clotliiug by a button, which coming off, the knife was laid on a box and was forgotten in the hurry of departuie, and was left behind as a witness against them. The marauders, after dividing a portion of their booty, sank the remainder in one of the ponds, of which there are many in the bottoms bordering Big Bay creek, and dispersing, kept themselves ''shady" for a time. The old pair were so injured that their recovery seemed more than doubtful, and Mr. Sides carried the scar on his head to his grave, while Mrs. Sides suffered the loss of an eye from the bloA\s received. This outrage, as was to be expected, roused the whole community to hunt down the perpetrators, not so much on account of the theft, as for the brutal assault on Mr. and Mrs. Sides, who were highly respected by all who knew them The knife, which was the only clew left, was examined by many, and among others, by Jesse Davidson, a blacksmith, who recognized it as his own make, and he knew for whom he made it. Within the next few hours, ISied Hazel, the owner, was in Jail. But he proving to the satisfaction of the au- thorities, that he had sold the knife to Dan Hazel, was held to be innocent, but still retained in custody to prevent his tell- ing to others the true owner of the knife and thus give them op- portunity to escape. During the next night Dan Hazel was lodged in jail. Then was the organization called the "Regulators" formed, with the avowed object of bringing the culprits to justice un der the laws of the land, and through the legally constituted courts of justice. Judge Lynch's authority was not invoked, nor was ur-uHccssary violence inflicted on any one. But the sheriff was instructed to take no bonds for the appearance of any one in custody charged with the Sides' affair. The man- age meut, or directory was composed of such men as Dr. Wm. Sim, Judge Wesley Sloan and William Finney— the then sher- iff"— James McCoy, Thomas Campbell, with others, assisting and guards as occasion demanded. The plans wer<3 known only to the managc^ment until the culprits were in custody. Massac County. i6i I'aii lla/.i'i tin •■Xiiiiiiiiatiiui in'tifi-ssfd t-niirc i^iioraiirt' of tlu- wiioli* liiatlcr. and knew iitithiii;: of (li<- Unifi-. and ah a mall'"' of roursi' toultl not tril who wnr tin- iMM|M'tratorH of thf o»iii-af;i'. Tlir iMana;;«in«'iii felt assured (hat lla/.cl wan ;:iiill\. and i-ould nan:c Ids a(-<-oiii|tli( ts if ii<- would. II* waH l»rouiis«'d innininilv futni |»ros«Miiiion. and safdv to his pi-ison on conditi'iii that h«' wtMild name his acroiiiplircs. and testify in tin- (onii to tluii- ;:uilt. Ilr was iliicairnrd with Lui'li law i»i cast- of his refusal, but all to no ctyt'ct. H«- still drnicd any kiiowlrd^'c of tlu Sides tia;;edy. and peisisted in his de iiial. Still satistie«l of the j;nilt of Dan Hazel. (»ihei- measures were resorleil to. Th<'|-e w<*fe in rustody several other persoliH who had hvvu airested on Kiispieion. and wlio were kept Hep aiate from Dan. and from «'aeh other. One of them would be taken out with Dan nmlei- ^uard at nijjht. and taken «»ll out of si;:ht — but not out of hearing — and some hiekorieH heiii}; prepand. a trt*e would be whip|»eil nnmeieifully. while s«»me rk had been in vain. It was a^rreed by the prisoners that if a spei iai term of court was hehl for their benefit, that 11 1 62 History of they would put in a plea of guilty to an indictment for the ofifense, and thus save them from lying in jail during the heat of the summer, and save the county the expense of keeping them. A term of court was appointed at as early a day as could be done. Juries were impaneled and Dan Hazel brought before the grand jury to give evidence as he had agreed to do, but a change had come over him, and he told the jury that he knew nothing of the matter whatever. He was taken back to the jail and put into the dungeon with the others — he had been kept separate from the others and in better quarters. Ahab Farmer, a young man of nine- teen or twenty years, whose father and brothers were respecta- ble and honest citizens, was taken out and gladly accepted the terms that had been given to Hazel. He testified before the grand jury, a true bill of indictment was returned into court, and the next day set for a hearing of the cause. Upon being arraigned the prisoners, one and all, plead "Not guilty," and filed an aflSdavit for change of venue, and the court ordered the case to Johnson county. As the John- son county court did not meet until late in September, and there being no special term asked for, the prisoners had to be kept over. They thought that they would be immediately re- moved to Vienna for safe-keeping, and hoped to escape from the jail there, and were disappointed when informed that they would remain in jail at Golconda. Then came a long term of guarding the jail, as it was not very secure, being made of logs. The work of the Regulators thus far had been of the na- ture of a "posse comitatus," more than that of an irresponsi- ble body of citizens, but now they were necessarily to assume a more independent position, and to assume a character that in some respects was outside of the law of the land. It became necessary to maintain a strong guard around the jail, espec- ially at night, and the expense of such a guard being too great for the finances of the county, volunteers were received and organized. Five or six men would become responsible for a guard for one night each week, and others for each other Massac Cointy. i6^ ni^lit t»f thf \\«fk, and rmh miaid kin\v his own nielli foi- dutv. and onlv that j;naiHl wuuld njMnt. S«iin« times as many as thirty men would l»o on j^uard at out' time. Durinp th«* int«Mval hctwrcn the spnial t« rm <»f IN»|h' fir ruit court — soiim- two mtniths- an\ thf fiicndH of the prisoners for their release. The town was to Ik* tired, and «lurinj; the confusion that would ensuf. the jail was to be l>roken, and the prisoners set at lil» erty. Sjjies were sent to town at nijiht to know the stren^tli and watchfuhu^s of the j;uard. On the west side of the coun- ty it was known just who were on ^'uu'd on a j;iven nif^lit. and on cue occasion it was known what they took for their mid nijjht lunch. The emissarir-s who were riding and notifying the parties, made the mistake of notifying the wrong man. who diss^'UiMed until he had as mmh infoiination as he wanted, and the emiswiry gone, iiionnird his horse, and l»y |>athways liun-iee car lied out. or were in hiding for soiim tiiiue already committed. They made no attempt to mingle with the «itizens surroundinii them, so far as known, spent their days and portion^s of tin night in the swam|)S adjaei nt to the creek, and a pa:! of the night at ti.e old home, for learning any news, and to la\ in supplies. It was thought l»y soiiu- that to prevent crime was 1 66 History of better than to punish it after it was done. A meeting was privately called at an out-of the-way place to consider the mat- ter. At the place apijointed sixty or seventy persons met who lived near the place of rendezvous. On consulting together, Bome one announced that parties in Golconda had stated to him that if the two men were put into their hands they would see that they should trouble the country no further. It was argued by some that the only thing to do was to capture the men and deliver them. There was in the assem- blage a magistrate who told them ''no." That if there was any one in the crowd who could file the necessary affidavit he would issue a warrant for their arrest, and that they must proceed orderly, and according to law. A man came forward and truthfully filed the affidavit. A warrant was issued, and there being no constable convenient, the magistrate appointed a special constable, who immediately summoned the whole company to assist him in making the arrest. The company acting under orders, were divided into squads and their course indicated. The result was that the parties were found, run down and captured in a short time, were taken to town and no one caring to receive them, they were turned loose to go where they pleased. Green and the other were loud in their threats against all concerned in the matter, but especially against the party who had run them down and captured them. This continued until it was thought best to ignore it no longer. A private meeting was held for consultation at which the eight young men who had captured the two men were present, together with two or three men of age who were called in to counsel them. After hearing the different opinions advanced, the old men asked them if they believed from their knowledge of the men that their lives were in danger, and that an oppor- tunity would be sought to secretly kill them. On their answer- ing in the affirmative, the old men gave them their opinion. "That if they — the old men — believed that these men would seek an opportunity to kill them secretly, they would Massac County. li^y not give tlnMii ilu- opiMH nmil v, Iml wouM Im- Ixfoicliaiul wilh tli«*m." This nuftiii^; lu-iii^' In-ld ;ifl< r ni^'lii. I lit- tij^lil wlio had \nv\\ tluratfiii'd. Impaired in iln- hildren as were described to him. He admitted the purchase of such children, and thought that he had a good title to them, having purchased in good faith, but that if he was deceived, he would upon sufficient proof give up the property. In answer to inquiry he stated that the children were at that time out on the farm, hoeing cotton. Mr. Rhodes then made him this proposition: They three would walk out through the field near where the children were working, and if they were the children of Elijah, he, Rhodes, thought ihat Massac Lolntv. 169 tlu'V wutilil iMM'(»^ni/,«' liim. :in(l tlu'x wmilil r»i-f.iiiil v know fh«'ir fatiirr. Aim! if su«-|i irro^^niiidii did intl itiriii-. Id- slioiild lay lui (laiiii to tliciii. hut sliotild llii'V know I hem, Mr. Dorsey KluMild suircndfi- iliriii to ihrii- fatluM'. This proposition was ar<'»'pt«Ml. ami tin* tlin*«' piTsoiis w^nt out to till' farm wIumc tlu* < hildrcn w» ro mj^a^od at work. Tlwy walked slowly, pansin;; lirrr and tlu're. as tliou;;li rxam iiiin;: tin* {jrowinjj crop, aiul w«'nt so as to pass m-ar tli«- rliil dn-n without jroinj; diit'ctly t(> thcni. \\ hilc \(i ai some dis tanrc from Tli<* childrfn. tln-y could sec that tln-y wcic (dtscrv in;; them, and whin they were m*art'r — Elijah hcin^' in the real" — t»m* of the chiidi-m called ont. "Ka! yimtlcr iiinics .Mi-. Kh(»d('S. yes and |»apa. tool" And (hnpjijn;: ihcjr liufs. ilir chihlrcn came iininiii;.' to them at tlu-ir utmost speed. Mr. l>oisey said that he was sat istied. and would not contend a^rainsi the eviden<-e so brought before him. but thai the old man should have his children re- stored t(i him, which was done, anil Mr. Rhodes retuiiied home with his char;:e. the father and childri-n. Mr. Dorsey liavin^j shown Khod«*s his title to the -proptr ty." he found that he had a bill of sale for the chiUlren, jiccoiil in;: to the laws of Mississi|»pi. "in such cases made and pro \ided," which was si;rn«(l by William 11. \'au;;hn. who was known to Khodes. ank part in the "Grand K«*vi<'W*" to Ik* later mustered out at llarrishurtr. 176 History of Pa. Entering his country's service a vigorous youth he sac- riliced his physical manhood upon its altar. In the events of his life among us. we are more interested. Coming to Metropolis, he associated with his brother, Captyin J. F. McCartney in the publication of "The Promulgator" — the legal progenitor of the Journal Republican, and was also his law partner. He ^^as also associated with William Towle in operating the enormous Tow^le Saw Mills, later selling out to Mr. Towle that he might practice law, which was more con- genial to his taste. An elegant brick residence, and the commodious Julian Hotel were built by him. The one ambition of his life was to erect a modern brick Music Hall containing a library and read- ing room. In this laudable design he succeeded before his death and left in his will a provision stipulating that the rooms should not only be perpetually used for public reading and library rooms, but also made |100 payable to the library trus- tees upon settlement of his estate, which provision his estima- ble wife has seen fulfilled. The library, organized first as an association, v.as named the R. W. McCartney Library, and later passed under the control and support of the city. He w'as a moving spirit in the organization and operation of the First National Bank of Metropolis, later becoming its presi- dent. Politically, Mr. McCartney was a staunch Republican and attained eminent success. Elected city attorney, he was pro- moted to county judge in 1873, serving for nine years; in 1882, he was a member of the General Assembly, and in 1885 his party elected him circuit judge. He served with distinction, and could have been re-elected but for failing health and ex- tensive business interests. In his social life he was a respect- ed member of the Grand Army, an honored Odd Fellow and a loyal Mason. In religion, he affiliated with the Methodists, for years a trustee of that influential body. All the fraternal bodies ])articipated in his funeral. Judge McCartney married Miss Mary, daughter of Profes- sor Priestly, Sept. 8, 1868, and to them were born two sons — Massac Cr)rN"rY. 177 William I'ricsllx aiitl .luliti ilit- l;ilifi- dvin- m mlaiirs. < >i loluM- IS. isTl. Mis. .M< Ciiitii.'v (liid. ami .Mairli 1!». 1S7:1. In- >NaK iiiari'iS. imd rii(tirlii|>. .lolllisnll iUlllllX. III.. .Illls -'■'>. l>ti(l. ihc Mill lit Knlii'll .\ . illlii -Maiy J. ll.'liii. Tlic IIcliii faiiiily hiiidi-d :il I'I.n inmil li WmU. iliifiiMJ in \'iij:iiiia. iliiiMi' to < K'oijiia. from tluMi* lo 'rt'iiiMssct'. aiul tlifii sinrrssivtJN to Ki'iilurky and Illinois, 'riioiiias, tlic Inotlur of Kolii'il. i'l roiii|iaiii<'(l his fatln-r fi-oiii Timiik'ssim' on si'\i lal visits with till- Kiiilinky luanrh of iIh- family lii-foir he laiM- lo Illinois ricmim-m" has lucn attaim-d ii\ mi-mluMs ul ilii' family. <'a|»tain Thomas llilm. ^'nat ;;ramlfathtM'. .'{. ISIS ill (Jiavrs «(niiifv, Kv., att«-ii(l«-4l (In- • (iiiiiiioii schools. «'iilist»Hl. ]>iV.\ ill I"'ifl\ (•ijjlith Illinois, but father flaiiiHMl liim. mikI (Milist»'tl in Anj^ust. 1SG4, ('oiiipaiiy C, First Kt'iitiirkv t'axalrv. lu-iii}: iiiii>lcrt'(l out Marili L*n. ls«ir». lit* irturiii'd lioiiic. j;avc his fatlnr tlu* iiioiirv and laboicil on thf farm till his fjithor ditKl, and a 8inj;h* sistiM- ••oiihl In* ♦'ducattMl to trach. He went w«'st and for two ycai*s was u "cowbov." Ki'turninj; hoiiu* h«* haiiliHl tlu' lumber with an ox t«-ani to build the tirst house in New <',rand Chain. 111. lie alKo elerked for J. W. (iaunt of that jdaci* and f«»r him was ovei"8tH'V of the coiistrnction force, building: tlie "Hi;; Four" Hail road near there. On July 5. ISTl. lie married Miss (^uinnio E.. dauj;hter of Robert Jett. She was Ikmii March S. 1S5S. near Woodville. Ky. His health failing', they moved on the farm purchased by Mr. Evern. and lie sold it to l>i-. II. V. Maii;ziim. went to Woodville. Ky.. laised two lar^e lobacco crops. move«l to Fay eiteville. Ark., opened a grocery and qiu^t'iisware store, sold out and cliM-ked foi- iturcliaw»r until he went to Eureka Springs Ark. Here he built th«- tii-st hotel. "Tin' Mountain House," and jtr(>spered. He went t(» Scli<;maii. Mo., and opened the "Trim House." From here he went to <'aitha^e. Mo., and lss:{ h«* <'ame to Mi'tropolis. bill s«m»ii retiirmtl to Missouri. The next \e;ir li<- Iih-iiimI in Metropolis, leamiiii: f<»i" seven yi-iirs. ISIayor Haiikin ajipointed him marshal of Metropolis. ISSG. and he was electe«I constable. K. ( '. Harham. sheritT of Massac county, appointeil him deputy, and (Jreen AN'. Smith. Harham'M Hiicec»«Ror, retained him for his efllciency. In 1S!»S the Repub- licans nominat<'d and elected him sherilT. which offlc«» he now holds, administerin;; its functions with competency, and sat- isfaction to the public. He is a Methodist and a Mmsuh. Four <'liildreii coiii|.ose their famil\. three ;:iils: Mrs. M\r tic Davis, wife of Albeit l>a\is. boi n Sept. l.'{. IsTr,. McCracken ». ami lte;:an leaciiin^. conducting; iiis t\v«> lirst sj'hools in I'nion ruunty. since whidi time in* haw been inti- iiiately associated with th«* tMlucational iniciests of his native (ounty. In istMl tii. K<'puhlican party noniin:ited and ehsti-d him county BUperintendent anti reelectt'd him in lsi»S. He is now couHcientiously and aldy performing tlie duli^ti »»f his oHire. Miss Mary C Nol.l»-. daiij:hler of William and Sarah Noble, bicame his uife .\pril JO. 1^7!». Tli.y havi- li\e briplK 190 History of boys, William J., Orval J., Harold, Rohama L., and Leonard Earle; one sweet girl, Cornelia Alma, also has blessed their union. Mr. Reynolds and wife are both members of the Bap- tist church and model citizens. JUDGE GEORGE SAWYER. Amos Sawj'er, George's grandfather, was Irish, born in England. He emigrated to New Hampshire, where William Sawyer, father of George, was born, 1827. He came to Illinois while young and learned the blacksmith trade. He enlisted in the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, Company G, in 1861, did good service, and was discharged on account of disability contracted in line of duty, 18G2, returned home, entered business and ac- cumulated a competency. He married Theodosia Monroe of Pope county, who was a Virginian of Irish blood. They had but one child, George, born in Metropolis, Sept. 1, 1861, bear- ing the strong personality of his mother^ January, 1864, Mr. Saw"3'er died, leaving the widow and son with plenty, which was all lost through a faulty title, leaving them penniless. December 18th, 1865, his mother died. For three months' labor during his ninth year he received 18.20; during the tenth year he earned |9.00 and labored six successive years for Mr. Woolbridge.' Ten months in the com- mon schools and three months at the Metropolis Seminary covers his actual attendance on school. During spare moments he read grammar, logic, and moral science in the field. He walked five miles to borrow^ a history of Rome. At nineteen he began teaching, which he continued for four terms. From 1884 to 1890 he read law as opportunity afforded, being ad- mitted in the latter year. The judge gave him his first case — the defense of a man indicted for burglary, who was acquitted. Today he ranks with the best lawyers. He was married to Lydia Bra-ham Jan. 31, 1892, who is the daughter of ex-Sheriff R. C. Barham, born Dec. 24, 1871. To them was born one son, Robert James, Nov. 14, 1892, who GEORGE SAWYER. MRS. GEORGE SAWYER. Massac County. 193 died Jan. 5, 1894. They own ;ni elegant cottage home on Sixth street. Judge Sawyer was elected city attorney of Metropolis, 1891, and 1893, compiled and supervised the publication of the cily ordinances. In 1S04 he was fl«*cted county judge and rf^- elected without opposition. He loves the bench and a mer- ited promotion awaits him. Republicanism is his creed and he ably defends it in each campaign. PROF. WILLIAM M. PRIESTLY. Prof. Wm. M. Priestly, "the father of the public; .schools of Massac county," was born in New Jersey, 1816, apprenticed for a term to a coachmaker of Philadelphia, who early dis- covered the lad's eagerness for mathematics and elocutionary talent, and sent him to a night school and added a half day at free school. At twenty he had mastered his trade and also bookktH^ping. being called to manage his uncle's extensive wholesale cotton and merchandise establishment in Missis- sippi. Later a partner, he was stationed at an Indian reservation in Mississippi, learned their dialects and was induced to mas- ter Latin, which he did without assistance. In 1839, he mar- ried Mary Virginia \Yalker, favorite niece of Gen. Winfield T. Scott. Revolting at the foulness of slavery, accompanied by his father-in-law, David Walker, moved to "Egypt," and settled in Massac county — Walker settling in Johnson county. After one year he removed to Johnson county. 1854. built the court house and several other buildings still standing in Vienna. In 18G5 he wa.s chosen superintendent of the Metropolis city schools, serving until 1870; was postmaster until 1874, and was elected county suj^erintendent of Massac county for several terms, ^irtually founding the {tublic schools, and de- veloping such wonderful talent that his annual institutes drew educators from distant counties, and left an impress upon our 13 194 History of school system never to be erased. Not only a leader of teach- ers, he was a thorough master of the profession. He was master of the art of reading, and the mother tongue; fair-minded, kind-hearted and firm. He was a perfect disciplinarian, who won by the rule of duty and honor and im- pressed both pupil and parent, that he was their friend, and his school a workshop for "now" and "eternity." He was an earnest Methodist and an honored and exalted Mason. In 1887, his health failing, he moved to Lane county, Kan., dying Oct. 18, 1895, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Cur- tis, Trigo county, Kan. Many of our citizens cherish his mem- ory, and "to know him was to count a friend." ROBERT GREEN B. McKEE. In the wilds of Johnson county, amid the redmen, the jmrents of Robert Green B. McKee settled in an early day. Here their son was born Jan. 22, 1819, twenty-three years before Massac county was formed. The lad farmed and attended subscription schools, early developed a business talent, worked on a flat-boat and trading boat, clerked "in Metropolis, purchased a flat-boat, made two trips down the river, purchased a stock of goods and sold them, and in every transaction made money. In 1879 he retired for some time from a long business life in general merchandising, but later re-entered a successful like career, amassing a fortune. He always participated in every effort to build up the city and was a charter member of the First National Banking firm, being one of its first directors. Mr. McKee was twice married, his first wife being Miss Sarah Sheets of Metropolis, after whose death he was united in marriage Aug. 24, 1879, to Miss Henrietta Delavan, amiable daughter of Judge Delavan, an able lawyer, born in Virginia, who for eight years was county judge of Ma?sac county, and who died in 1881. Her aged and respected mother still lives at Metropolis. Mr. McKee and wife, Henrietta, had two bright children, the older a daughter, Efiie Myrtle, now a graduate W.M. M. I'KILSTLbY. R. G. B. McKL-E. Massac County. 197 from the Df|mrtiiu'iii of .Miisir of tin- Southt rn IlliuoiH (Col- legiate Inwtitutt', is an at ruiiipliKluHl jiiunist. Tlu* younger, u son, nanifil in lionor of liis lanicnt*Hi fatliiT. l^^ltcit (iii'cn It., is budding into vuutli, a bii^lit iad uf brillianl prospectH. Not until late in life did our bubject unite with auv ihureh. Warrinj; (.reeds always kept biin aloof until be Ix- cajue a charter niembt-r and jtrinu* mover in the organi/aiion of the Cougregationalist church in Metropolis, which received his prayers and most caivful considi'iation during its early life until bis death, Nov. 1>, lb\i'2. Although a self made nian, Mr. McKee vfos broad minded, talented, industrious, houeat, devout and prosperous. JAMES E. GOWAN, M. D. James E. Lio\>an, M. U., was. burn in Madison county, Tenu., Oct. 31, ISH. His father William, was of South Car- olina, and his grandfather was a Scotchman of Edinburg. NN'il- liam, a hatter, and .John, his brother, early emigrated to South Carolina. William CJowan married Judith Adkisson, a na- tive Scotch lady, who had come to America. They, in a col- ony, moved to Madison county, Tenn., cleared a farm and lived upon it till their death, he at the age of 115 years, iuid she at ;»7. Their son, W illiam Urauville, was born in South Carolina. He inherited a large farm on which he yet lives. He married Miss Eveline Wood of Scotch Irish ancestry. l>r. <»G, re- sumed the practice of Uiedicine in Mass;ic county, superintend- ed his farm, later moved to Metropolis and opened a drug store in 1880, which he sold in 1802 to better serve his many pa- tients. In 18G:i he married Miss Harriet, daughter of John and Elizabeth Yates, of Ohio. They have three daughters. Eva 198 History of line E., wife of Captain S. B. Kerr, Metropolis, 111.; Anna, wife of Dr. Edwin Corlis, Point Pleasant, Mo., and Nettie, unmar- ried; also three sons, John G., James E., Jr., and Charles G. The Doctor was Hospital Stewart of the Eighth Regiment Illinois National Guards, a constant and valued member of the Massac County Medical Society, a member of Gethsemane Commandery No. 41, K. T., and of Massac Lodge No. 442 I. O. O. F., and Egypt Encampment No. 45, and Orestes Lodge No. 268, K. P. For a number of years he ably represented his ward in the city council. After suffering for quite a while with cancer of the stomach, he died Oct. 27, 1899, at his home surrctunded by his relatives and many friends. SAMUEL D. POOR. Samuel Poor, the father, was a native of North Carolina, who in an early day, with his wife emigrated to Feutriss coun- ty, Teun., and in 1836 moved to Johnson county. 111., entering forty acres of laud when only five houses were between Grants- burg and Vienna. Twenty acres were cleared and fenced, and a house built the first year, when Mr. Poor died. For three years the mother struggled to make a living, when she sold the farm and found homes for the children. Samuel D. Poor was born April 8, 1827, in their Tennessee home. Was eight years old when brought to Johnson county, and at sixteen years of age went to w^ork for Joseph McCorkle until he was twenty-one, for a horse, saddle, bridle, and winter schooling. At twenty he left McCorkle be- cause of a misunderstanding. About this time his mother died and the boy had gone to school eight months. He re- ceived six dollars a month to carry the mail from Vienna to Caledonia, then eight dollars a month as a farm hand, and went down the Mississippi river to cut cord wood. While on this trip he had the cholera, returned, went to Missouri on a ''rail-splitting" expedition. At twenty-four he made enough cropping for A. D. Howell, his brother-in-law, at one-fourth, to purchase a horse, saddle and bridle. SAMl LL 1). I'OOk. Massac County. 201 At twenty seven In- luanird, tiadtd his horse for the im- pioM'nii'nt on a hind eiilr} and purthju^il 11 warrant for the hind. To this ht* addtil othiT land until at the bc't^innint; of ihi* war he owned, clear t)f debt, -00 acres, lie built a store room ut (jruntsburg, but did not have enough money to stock it, so he rent\h:sky,*' which was imnu-diately sold for $100 and paid on the ^GOO debt. The stock was gradually increased and rapid ly turnetl at war values, realizing large protits. lie pui-chased the Howell farm, on which he had 'cropped" years before, moved to his stoi-e in 18G7, had a post office established at (.'•rantsburg and became postmiwter. He sold out to Simp- son & Kieth ;uid after a rest reentered merchandising until 188:!, when he again retired for two years. In 1884, he fornicHl the S. D. Poor & Co. — L. H. Frizzell and L. CI. Simmons com- posing the company. When the railroad was built to Metrop- olis he and ilr. Simmons opi-ned a store there. He opi*ned another store with J. T. Hamilton as partner and sold his in- terest with Mr. Simmons to L. H. Frizzell. The Hamilton store interest he sold lo Koskemer and later bought out Friz zell, which interest he sold to C. E. Hilgeman, who later pur chased Simmon's interest. In A]uil, l81Mj, Poor «!s: Siminons opened their present business in the Poor bhn k. and an- pros- pering. In May, 18.">4, Mr. Poor marriinl iliss Siirali J., daughter of \N illiam and Nancy Mounts, estimable people of Johnson c(»un ty. They are the pai-ents of ten children. Two sons dierooklyn. He left a widow, yet living, a son, and two daugh- ters — Mrs. Henrietta McKee, and Mrs. Fannie Williamson. COLONEL W. R. BROWN. William Robert Brown, youngest child of William and (Catherine (Anderson) Brown, was born in Louisville, Ky., Jan. 19, 1832. His father, only son of Robert Brown, an Irish emi- grant, who settled in Baltimore, 1762, was born 1792; married BENJAMIN J. DEUVAN. %. !»"•- Col. W. R. BROWN. Massac County. 205 Cathoriiu' Aiulorson, 1S12. who wiih lioni in I^iirfiix roimly \'a., 179Ii. Sill* \\;is hi;:lilv i an assijjnnu'nt. foisiikm by friends and pn-HKed by enemies, the (\>b)nel surrendered everything; to aiond mills, whiih he did ellieiently until by failinj; health he was forced to retire in 1885. In this year he was ilected a justice of the peace in and for Metropolis, whirh p»>siti(»n he has contiuously held, beint; nciw the senior justice of the county. In 1>!MI. he was chosen a inenilter nf the IJoard (»f Kdination, serving.; as its s<'cretary. For a nunilter of ye.n-s he has Iteeii a notary public. Formerly a warm fiiend and associate nf 1{. A. havidson, deceased. p<*n- si<»n attorney, he now cttnilmls the lai^'e and important busi- ness in his own name successfully. Politically "Siiuire" Wrifjlit is a Hi'publiean. and relij; iously an elder in the Christian church. Fiaternally he is a Knijihts Temjdar. Patriarch Militant. Knight of Tythias. and member Tom Smith Post (J rand Army of the Kepublic. As proof of his clerical ability he has served as secivtary and tieasurer of the first three luuued. He married Miss Fllen .\dams of Alexander county. Illi- noiH, and they have only one sou, William Herschel. a jjrad- uate of the city High Scliool. and (leorgia Hobinson Christian College. Srothec. 'J.'i, ls."7. His parents re- moved from Marshall countv. Tenn.. to Illinois about ISKI. and 2 12 History of located on a farm in Johnson county, afterwards moved to Massac county, near New Columbia. His father, James G. Helm, a veteran of the ^Var of the Rebellion, was second lieu- tenant in Company K, First Illinois Light Artillery, and is at this writing, the only commissioned officer of his company living. Dr. Helm- spent the first twenty-three years of his life on a farm, and obtained his literary education in the rural schools of Johnson and IMassac counties. He began the study of medicine in the spring of 1881 and attended his first course of lectures at the University of Tennessee, Medical Depart- ment, Nashville, during the following winter, and received the degree of M. D., Feb. 21, 1885. In the following April he locat- ed at Bado, ]\Io., and entered upon his professional career. He was married to Miss Mary E. Edgar of Mountain Grove, Mo., in September, 1887, removed to Illinois in the fall of 1888, and located at Ganntown, Johnson county. In the fall of 1891 he took a post graduate course in the Baltimore Medical College, Baltimore, Md., and received his addendum degree from that college in April, 1892. Removed to Metr^jpolis, 111., in Janu- ary, 1895, and formed a co-jjartnership in the practice of medi- cine with Dr. John H. Norris, which existed until the death of the latter in August, 1896. In 1897, during President McKinley's administration, he received an appointment on the Board of United States Pen- sion Examining Surgeons, and was made secretary of that body during their term of service. He is a member of the M. E. church of Metropolis; also a member of Metropolis Lodge Xo. 91, A. F. & A. M., of Massac Lodge No. 446, I. O. O. F.. and of Orestes Lodge No. 268, K. P. WILLIAM HERMAN KRAPER. W. F. Kraper, the father, was born in Germany in 1832. came to Cincinnati, Ohio, 1845, and to Metropolis, 111., 1866. He died Jan. 9, 1871. In Cinr-innati, Ohio, he married Miss Wilhelmina Wilke, also born in Germany, and was brought to America at the age of ten. W. H. Kraper, their son, \\as bora in Cincinnati, Ohio, J. A. HtLM. M. U. MRS. J. A. HtLM. WILLIAM HERMAN KRAPER. Massac County. -m5 St'i»i. VJ, l^ol^. A I ihe age of Iinc lu- fill into the cellar and displaced the {Kitellu of the left knee, whiih kept him in bed fi>r thirttH'ii loiij: months ami two years i>n crulclHs. \\ htn hiix. he was brought to Aletropolis ;uid attended school until fourteen, when by the di'ath of his fath-LT he was forced to aid, us a boy could, iu making a living. lie began work in the shipping (hpartnient of Yost, Bigo- low wV Co.'s spoke works, lying up bundles of siKtkes at 50 cents a day, w hich he continued for three years. The next two Ncare he clerked for Henry Johnson at :Si3.UU a month, and the succeeding year got :*1G.UU a month of li. Qu;Lnte iV: liroth er for clerking. He boarded himself. He then went to Cin- cinnati to act as city s;ilesniau for the Kanipendahl company, doing a geneiiil milling and brokei-s' business. In this tield he succeeded, becoming a partner, l»ut later it was dis.solved. lU.*- turuing to Metropolis, 1884, he put his money into the cigar factory, formerly er, Jr., born 2i6 History of June 29tli, 188 1, now of great assistance to liis father in his business. A. C. RAGSDALE, M. D. Dr. A. C. Ragsdale was born in the old ''Harvey Craig" fiirm n(?ar Goreville in Johnson county, 111. His grandfather, Joel Ragsdale, was a Xorth Carolinian, who moved to Ken- tucky. His father, Thomas H. Ragsdale, a native Kentuckian, located in Johnson county and married Miss Nancy Askew. Of four bo3's and seven girls our subject is the third child. "Hajjpy Hollow"' school house with puncheon floor, stick chimney and slab seats, near his home, was the fountain of education for young Eagsdale during the winter, until 18 years of age. In the summer he farmed. Between 18 and 20 he labored for a firm in Marion, returned to Johnson county, pur- chased a photographer's outfit, learned the trade, fell in love with chemistry, and thus determined to study medicine. He studied that scienci^^ for two years until 11 o'clock each night and on Sundays. He would arise at 5 o'clock in the morning and start fires in the mill furnaces of which he was engineer. He eritered a medical school in Keokuk, Iowa, 188G, and graduated from the College of Physicians and Sur- geons of St. Louis. March, 1889, locating at Massac creek, ]Massac county. 111., for five years. In 1894 he moved to Me- tropolis, 111., where he now resides, enjoying an extensive x^rac- tice. He has determined to master the dreaded cancer and has made a special study of this disease which he successfully treated in connection witli his general practice for three years. He agitated a Sanitarium in which to treat all chronic troubles and perform surgical operatious. but "hard times" prevented its erection until Dr. C. E. Trovillion. now of the ''Faculty," joined with him. He alone erected an elegant building, cor- ner Sixth and Metropolis streets, which they jointly have well equipped for the highest professional treatment of its many patients, with which it is continuously crowded. Although DR.JA. C. RAGSDALE. C. E. TROVILLION.M. D. Massac County. 219 citiifiHWitiii with (lis('(Mii'a^«-iiu'M(s, an iiiit-oiKjut-ralilt' will haH I'lKililtHl liiin to atlaiii the tliiff aiiibiliun of his life. The new building was oiumkiI Nov. 1, 1809, with many patients. One year of successful labor had ]»receusand applicants, has bei'U an actixc member of the Massiic County Medical Sucict y for li\ c ycais. a00, he and Ih-. TroNillion bej^an the publica ti<»n of "The Sontliern Illinois .louinal of Midicine and Sur j:» ry," wiiich was aennison, and to them three ihildren have been liorn. as ft>l- Iowb: Ida Myrtle, Charles Ivobbie, and Joliii Lo^an. The family has an elej,Mnt home on the j;round lloor of the Sani tarium buildinjj. tilled with life's comforts. CHARLES EDWARD TROVILLION, M. D. Carles K. Trovillion was born i ear <'olumbus. Vit\H- « oun- ty. 111.. April 17, 1808. His father, l»auiel P.. with the j,'rand father, Janu*s V. Trovillion. came from Tennessee, bein;,' oii;; inally French Ilu;;ueno(s who had lied io \'irj;inia. His nu»th er, Elizabeth Trovillion, nee Lewis, was early left an orphan, she became a stron;:. impressi\<* Christian character. Of the family, four br()thers survive — one llaptist minis ter, one faruu*r, and two other physicians; two sisters are also living. Young Trovillion farnnHl and attendinl the rural schools in youth, but eaily turned to the sttidy of medicine >\ith his brother. Dr. .1. A. Trovillion. in IS-S", whom he accom panied to Nashville, that fall. t(» atteml a course of lectures in 220 History of the Medical Department of the University of Tennessee, and graduated at the St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons March, 1891. He immediately formed a partnership with his brother, Dr. J. A., which continued three years, and then he and his brother, M. H., became co-partners. To further his knowledge and skill, he took an addendum degree at the Barnes Medical College, St. Louis, and also the St. Louis Baptist Hospital, ac- quiring a diploma from each institution. Cognizant of his ability and ambitious he came to Metrop- olis and associated himself with Dr. A. C. Ragsdale to open and operate a Sanitarium for the treatment of disease under the immediate care of skilled physicians. The Sanitarium, de- scribed in another place, was operated so successfully in rent- ed quarters the first year that it now occupies its ow^n building, and enjoys a liberal patronage. In this Sanitarium Dr. Trovil lion is professor of surgery and Gynecology, of which he has made special study. The doctor is medical examiner for the Aetna Life Insur- ance C( mpany, the Court of Honor and Supreme Examiner of the Knights of Massac. He is secretary of the Massac County Medical Society, and by President McKinley was appointed on the Pensioi: Examining Board of Pope county. Politically he is a stalwart rte])iiblican. Our subject \^ns first married to Miss Millie Abbott, May 2-t, 1891, and they Lad one son, Eussell. Mrs. Trovillion died Aug. 15th, 1894, and Aug. 18, 1895, he married Miss Rilla Wa- ters, to whom have been born two children, Trois and Howard. The family have a beautiful home on Metropolis street. CAPT. E. W. MILLIARD. Joseph Hilliard, great grandfather of our subject, was a Revolutionary soldier; Edward Hilliard, the grandfather, was a soldier of the war of 1812; Jonathan S., the father, was a volunteer in the Mexican war; and Captain Hilliard served throughout the bloody civil war, patriotic record unsurpassed. Massac County. 221 Jaiiuarv L*l!ml. T'^ll. lldward \\ .. son nf .loiiatlian S. ami Ainaiula llilliaitl. \Nas itotii in N(>\\ Albanv, Ohiti, attiMidcil tli«* i-Miiiiiiuii scluMils. lii;;li srliiHil of Sal«*iii. Ohio; (>iitinette" at Corinth with r)S2 men. only ISO of wIkuu answered the ndl call the fidlowinu' nuirninj;; although pres<-nt. \'eteran llilliard was W(>unfartha. who was horn duly 'JO. ls<)i. Captain llilliard and wife are memheis of th<' Christian diuich. he l.ein;; a trustee. 222 History of and he has been elected commander of Tom Smith Post No. 345 from December, 1895, every year since. f > ^mm /^M ^ ^^s ^ ^^/^^^ ^^^^k. COL. R. A. PETER. The maternal grandfather and grandmother of Colonel R. A. Peter were Irish. The paternal grandfather's record is strictly American. The father and mother lived in Simpson count}', Ky., where Richard Asbury Peter was born April 17, 1818. He came with his wife to Massac county. 111., Oct. 14, 1842, having married Miss Amanda C, daughter of David Proffett, Xov. 11, 1841. She was born March 12th, 1825. They have long since passed their golden wedding anniversary and are yet living. Colonel Peter opened up a farm three miles from Metrop- olis and later moved to the city. His first vote was for Wil- liam Henry Harrison and from the birth of the party has been an ardent Republican. He has many times been a justice of the peace and served for two terms as Police Magistrate of Metropolis. Massac County. 2 2 7 OctobtT, isi'i-j. Ill- ciilislrd ill (In- i;{lKt I^'pinfiit Illiiiois A'oliinttHT Iiifaiitrv. and was (•oiiiinisisonrd KiiMitfiiaiil Colo- lu'l. Thf n'pinrnt was stationed for sonu'liuit' at Kort Mas snc and did ffmnl siTvicc. Colonel Peter has alwavH lK'<*n a strift tenjjM'rancr advo«ate. Win n in his tliirt* cntli vrai- lit* was convei't'Hl in Calloway ronnty. Ky., and joinol the M«tli odist chnn'h. of which lioth are life hmg nienibei-s. They had tw«*lve ehihlien. JAMES A. PETER. J. A., eldest son of Cohuiel li. A. I'eter, was burn on the Custom House lot, Paduoah. Ky., Sept. lath, 1842, attendj-tl the >f.-(n)[i(>lis schools, and enlisted in Company A, afl(Iu'i- of his two chiUlrt'iJ, Ihnl^fr T., MrdopoliH, 111., and -Mrs. liract* l\ WiuttT. nozriiiaii, Moiil. His pri'SJMit wife* was Miss (irace A. ShitiT of Mrliui»(tlis. SYLVESTER S. SHOEMAKER. George O. ShcH'inaki*r, Ihc father, was a iiioiihli r, Imum in Adams coiiiitv, Ohio, iiiovod to Stewart county, IVnii., and there niarrieil Miss Malinihi ClrilVui, a native of South Carolina. To them wa.s born Sylvester S., August 3rd, 1849, who was taken, when six months old, by his parents, to Trigg eounty. Ky., where his parents died. When a boy he att«'ndeeveral years. In 1883 he conducted a grocery store and later faruieil. For two years beginning 1888, he was wiih I'.Iit/, ^: Co., an77. and by a constitutional change, served five years. He made .i strong race for clerk later, btit was defeated, the county being overwlu'lmingly li» pnliliraii. Twice has he made Hattering races for .sheriff. In July, l8iM, he was appoint(d jtostniaster of Meti-opolis and wrved until July, 18JI8. At p.eseni .Mr. SlnM-niakt r is doing a prosperous life insurance business. Ocler i:{. issd. Mr. Slio.niakei- :ind .Miss Anna K., daugh ter of David S. and .M.irv .\. I.;iu;ihlin. of .MetroiK)lis. were nmrried. They are both nieinlM is of the M. K. ihur«h and ar<* highly resperted. WILLIAM P. McCartney. An annonni'i men! in iln- rroninlgalui : "r>ngU'y Camp No. 150, Son.s of N'ctorans. W S. ,\.; a niciidKT of tho \\. V. O. K.; rri*s- idunt of the I'nivorsiiy of Illinois Society of the Army and Navy in the War of 18!>S; a fellow in the T. S. O.; proprietor of the McCartney Music Mall and I'nldic Library lllock, and of the McCartney Drug IMock of the city of Metroindis. t(»gether with other valuable inlei«-sts throughout Ma.s.sac county. Al- together N\ . I'. -McCarluty is laiiktd in (lie fon* front of our be>«t citizens. ,1. H. S. EUGENE LAFONT. Eugene Lafont, manager and pari itroprietor of ihi- Em- pire Flouring Mills, at Metropolis, Mas«ae county, is a sou of Lewis A Lafont. who came from Mis.souri to lllinids, 1S")(». married Miss >Lilinda Choat of Metioiudis, engageil in general merchandising and continued in said business for a muuber of years. He then made brirk and built a large nundur «)f the early brick structures of Mctiopolis, among them the Km- pirL* Mill, putting in machinciy and running it for f«iur veal's. To tin-in Wfr«' born nine chibhcn: .Vugustus, di»r. .1. 1>. N ouii- wlios** sketch apiM-ai-s t*lst*wlu'r«', was Itoiii Ajuil 11, ISTl, at IJKjijklyij, Illinois, and icrciMMl his early Iraininj; in lln- vil lajje schools. Ill- learned rapidly and at an early age taught two sue ej'ssfiil terms of sch«»ol. I)esirous to lay a luttader ft>undati(»!i for professional Woi-k he entered Kureka College. Woodfold. <"oiinty, Illinois, and spent iwo y»ars in pursuit of special hranches. Kcturning to lirooklyn he wa.s principal tor t\\" years of the schools, which In- attenih**! in youth. In ihe nieaniinie he read law and finished with one lerni in the law departnuMit of the \\ fsh*yan ruiv«'r»ity (»f Bloom ington, being admitted August, ls*.»7, and ininies was choHen chairman of the count \ «ential coinmitt»*e of Mas.»iial Inslitiilc. Madisonvill*'. Kv.. j;ni(lua(iii;; at the age uf IS vcais. and iiolds a dipioina Ifadinj; to tlu* dc gree of H. C Kt'turiiii.;; to J(.p|t:i. III., he clerUed during tli«' fall and winter of ISS'.I and IsiHI, and fornn'd a paitneisliip with his lirother in law in the latter }ear. I Miring 1S1>7 he wrved as deputy eireuit eleik, hut resigned to (•n;;iij;e in nu»re lucrative employment. He is now doin^ a piospi rous iiisni ance business in MetroiM)lis, HI. Deeeniber 5th, 1S1>7, he was niaiilcd m Miss Dickie tKikes, daughter of John Oakes, a leading; riii/.cn of Mjussjic cotuity. Mr. and Mi-s. Sexton are anionj; the nn>st proniisin<^ younj; peo- ple of their county and the future has good things in ston.' for them. ALBERT RANDOLPH COOK. Pastor Christian Church. The subject of this sket( h was born Jan. Stli. 1ST4, in a one window cabin in ('ra>Nfoid lounty, Oliio, the son of Johns K. Cook, a local United Brethren minister, and Caroline Cook, the daughter of ,Iohn Hasey, an early settler among the Wyan dot Indians. His mother died when lie was live days old. Of his father's ancestors h«' kn(»ws nothing. His mother's people are quite numerous in Northwestern Ohio. Young Albert attended tlu- common schools t»f his native county until his clevcntii year, when his father movcil to Car- roll county, Tenn.. ^\h»•^(• la- ciijoycd tlu* StUne privilege. At (ighteen he entered the High ScIk.oI. Cato, N. Y., graduating in 1M>L', in which yiar he cnlcicd Hiiam College, better known a» '^Clarlield's Hchool." Hiiani. nluo. He r«'niain«Hl two years, cjimpleting three years' N\ork and also preaching as he had done since hih ninctc«-nth vcar. Me i< now a<-tivclv cn'jagcd in the ministry. He was pa>ti>r ol the Christian Church at Kolla, Mo., and also ICiihland. Mo. .\t .McLeansboio. III., his next charg". In* iiKide many friends and succeeS In- taujcht scho«»l at Maple Cirove and the two fidlowin^ winters at Powers, n-ceivin;; an increase in salary the s(Hond yeai-. lie aitemled (wo terms of scho«d at the Soiitheiii Illinois Xoiinal Iniveisity at CarUou- dale, durinj; the summer of ls;»!». where he ranked hij^h in all studies puivutMl. This winter he is leat hin;; at Anderson sc1kk)1 at a salary r.u-ely received in ilie ruial sclMtois in this section of the state. Mr. Otey is an active memher of the M. K. chnn h and Temperance I'nion, a model y<»untj man. intellijient. quiet and industrious, having ^reat est<'em foi his fi-lloxN men and a n iiiv K counties of MnHKar, I'(>|m* aiii) .liiliiisoii, ill the State Lc^islatiinv wlinc In- wnu «oiiHi he was appointiHl coHritor of Iiitniial H«'V<'iiiic <»f iIh- Thirteenth District of Illinois. whi(li {Misition he still retains, discharging its onerous and res|ioiisilile duties n(»t only to the sjitisfai-tion of the (h'pai'tiiieiit he repres :i iiiiMiiIm|- nf ilic l>«):ir«I (»r l-Miit-atioii; in is'.il. *-il,\ < UiU, and in IMt'J. was iioni- inatrd and ••Icrtt'*! iirmit clerk <.f MasKir ronniv l>v tin* Hi- piildican party, llr was < lios«n s('ri«'tai\\ of the Scnaloiiiil romiuitlif «tf tin- Fifty Mist IMsiijti in isst ; Cliairnian in 1S«K», ap.d was a|t|K»int(-d rlci'k of lli«' Appi-opriations < 'oininittcc in iIm' State Senate l>y its ( 'liaii man. lion. 1'. I". ( iiapnian. dm in^ the Fifty tlist (ieiu'iai .\ssenildy. FelMiiai> :'.id. lltdd. In- ivt'eivjMl the unanimous inslitnt ions of Massac county foi- the Forty Stcontl (Jeneral Assenildy. ami was nominated hy the S<'natorial rou volition at Monml City. July is. I'.MM). and elect «'d without opjiosition No\ . C. I'.MIO. lie was a commissioned othcer of the National l. In ISSL' lie iuarriroetor Xorris was a \alnaMr nunilii-r of socii'ty. lit* was an Odd Follow. Knight of rvthias. and (liand Army moinlK-r. lie diod a im-mltfr of the Methodist K|iis<-opal ehureh. In his rhoscn profession he excelled. Always abreast of the times, lit' was a ineinlM-r ami secictary of the Massac ('areiits moved toiJuilford «-ounty. Ni»rth Ciindina; was there rearcnl, inherited the home<<<;ol married. anvlu> fought at (Juilford Court House. Captain 248 History of Harris married Margary Kenedy, born in Virginia, and died on the old homestead, Guilford county, North Carolina, 1864, leaving seven children. Captain Harris' daughter, Elizabeth, married Nathan Barhani. Robert C. Barham, their son, was born August 8, 1837, in (ruilford county, North Carolina, attended subscription schools, and took a course in the Oak Ridge Institute. At nineteen he went to Tennessee, taught school in McNairy and Weakly counties, for two years, and in 18G2 entered the Union service as a scout, and continued under Generals Ashbeck, Smith, Meredith, Hicks and Payne until 1864, serving in Ken- tucky, Tennessee and Missouri. In 1863 he married Miss Mary M., daughter of Thomas A. and Jane McMichael, who was born in Guilford county, North Carolina. He brought his wife to Massac county in 1863, and joined her after the war closed. They have two daughters, Josephine, wife of George M. Clark, and Lydia, wife of Judge George Sawyers. Mr. Barham first taught school upon his arrival in Massac county. In 1867 he opened a carriage and wagon factory at New Columbia, Illinois, and engaged as a carpenter until 1876, when he sold his interests and came to Metropolis. He was county commisisoner, and was instrumental in raising county orders from 40 cents to par value. In 1890 he was elected sheriff of Massac county, making an efficient oflflcer. Relig- iously he and his wife are Baptists; politically he is intensely Republican, and fraternally he is an Odd Fellow, Mason and Knight of Pythias. TILLMAN ROBY. Tillman Roby, the oldest citizen of Massac county, was born in Kentucky, near Lexington, June 21, 1809. When one year old his parents took him to Clark county, Ind., where they stayed until he was nine years old, when he was taken back to Mead county, Ky., and remained about two years. They then moved to Harrison county, Indiana. kObEkT C bAkHA.M MkS kObtkl C BAkHAM 1 ROBY CROUP Massac County 251 His f;itlnT tliftl so«tii jiftrr ilif l»;ii(l«' of 'ri|)|NT!inui', in wliirli hr fxii^ilii. and I>im . :;i. isjs. Mr. Koliv rann- (o .M-.tropu lis. 111. 'rilcI-»' Wfl'f (lllrr hlolln IS. r\('I-V one Itoill uv ot the lirst to lielp organize a Liiu-oin (Muh. lit- was iis lirsi jiri-sich m. He was oii^iMaliy a Whij;. He is a iiK'niln'r of the loeal tnder of Odtl Fellows. During his early years in Meiroi»olis In* was a coopei-. From 18(53 to 1SS2 he UvimI on a farm in Jackson jn-ecini t. since wln<-h tiim* he «-on;i\mI Klioads. his lirothei*s. also settled in the saiiii- i-ouiii\. Ileiii\ was the first repr«'senla 252 History of tive in tbe State Legislature from that county. Rachel John- son became his wife and she died in Mulilenberg county, 1S(;0. Henry Khoads, the fatlier, was born in Muhlenberg conn ty, Ky., reared there, a natural mechanic; married in Ohio, and settled in his native county on a tract of land given liim by his father, and built a puncheon house out of the material cut from one poplar tree which had grown upon the farm. He died on this farm, 1884. His wife was Elizabeth Morton, born in Ohio county, Ky., daughter of Thomas and Garner Morton. Their children are Solomon J., Merton G. and Cynthia. Solomon J. Rhoads was born near Greenville, Muhlenberg county, Ky., July 23, 1834, received his early education at Greenville, his advanced education at Bethel College, Rus- selville, Ky., taught school two terms, studied medicine with Dr. William H. Yost of Greenville, began practice in 18G0, and in 1861 graduated from the St. Louis Medical College. He remained in Kentucky until 1864, when he came to Metropo- lis and remained until the close of the war, returned to South Carrolton, Ky., and 1883, came to Metropolis, where he has practiced until this year (1900). In 1866, the Doctor married Priscilla A. Jagoe, born in Muhlenberg count}', Ky., the daughter of William and Miranda Jagoe. Four children have been born, Miriam, a teacher; Edwin G., William H., and Kittle CI3 de. Doctor Rhoads is a Baptist, a Mason, and a Democrat. He has been president of the Massac County Medical Society, member of the Kentucky State Medical Society, aiid is a writer of considerable ability on scientific subjects. At present he lives in Kentucky. CAPTAIN J. F. MCCARTNEY. John and Jane (Brown) McCartney were native Scotch, who came to Trumbull county, Ohio, 1840. Father McCartney ^^•as a dissenting minister. John F. was born near Glasgow, April 22, 1835, and was brought over by his parents. John F. McCartney was a poor boy. He bought his time of his father at $50 a year from the age of 14, paid his own schooling, working as a janitor, and at 18 took charge of a CAPT. J. F McCartney DR. JAMES E, GOWAN. (See page 197). Massac County. 255 Bi'hool ill \Nrsti'rii lN*ims_vl\;iiiia. Af(«i\v;ii«l lie attiMidcd Kinjjsvilk' A<'a(U'iny. AHhtalmla. (Hm«». for si)(>(*ial bnunln's, rv sniiu'd t«-a(-)iin<; in winter and faini labor in suninH'i*. In \So7t In* arrived at I'lilaski sialion. I'niaski counly, llli noiH, with 'M cents and woikid in a saw mill Imt soon lan;;lit tin* ncij;id»orliood scliool several terms, rettiined to (>liin. look an advanced course in N'erniillion Collegiate Institnle, Asli laud county, beinp given the chair of mathematics in said in stitution. He returned to Illinois, was tlected principal of the Metropolis schools, enlisted in the 131st Illinois volunteer in- fantry at Metropolis and was made regimental quartermaster. During the winter of lS(j;i ()4 he personally recruited l."() men, was commissioned their captain as company 1), ijtith Illinois volunteer infantry, and assigned with Sherman on his march to the sea. He was in (Jeneral Herron's division sent in jnirsuit (»f Kirliy Smith in Texas, was honorably discliarj^ed at Little Kock, Ark., having made a good soldier record. Returning to Metropolis he began to jtiiblisli tlie liist ic publican n«'wspaper, the rromulgat«)r. practiced law and upon the death of (I. W. Neeley, district attorney, he was apiJointed his successor in 1>^(I7 and elected to the same ofllce in ISliS. From I87li to 1S'.»4 no more active attorney could be found any- where. For seven years he jjublished ''The Times," conduited a large farm, built business blocks, led in the organi/ati«)n of the farmers' movement in i)olitics, was instrumental in organ i/ing the First National Hank 18S2, served as its pi-esident for three years, and zealously labored to build up the riiris tian church of whis:',; Hai risliui-fjf, ISS;i to iSSiS; ami .Mriroi.olis, Nov., Isss. to Man li. isill; stated . IciU of tllr I'uslivlciv of <'aiio for I'd years." I'. .'.(M). I>(M-toi- Swan is liviii^^ at liis imiiir in Mi-t lopolis al this writin;:. rirh in yeais ami lioiioi- as a faithful roiisccrali'avid, deceased; Lizzie, wife of Thomas Starkes, Massac county; Mattie, wife of James Clark, Fresno, Cal.; Maggie, widow of James McNana; Charles M., Allie and Sallie, wife of Jesse Hawkins. Lawrence W. Copeland was born in Massac county Feb. IS, 1847. Was reared on the farm, attended the rural schools, was a good observer, and after farming several years before and after the war he turned his attention to trading. In his first trade for a flat boat and stock of goods he made |37.50. He made a trip down the Ohio and Mississippi on a merchant boat which sank at New Madrid, Mo. They refloated it, however, and sold it near the mouth of the St. Francis river. Before he returned he had owned fourteen dif- ferent boats. In 1872 he went to Kansas, liked the country, returned home for his famil3^ but when he reached Cairo the river was frozen over and his father, who had overtaken him. persuaded him to return to the old homestead, where he lived until the spring of 1873. At Joppa he opened a general store, employed as high as eleven clerks at a time, operated saw mills, threshers and shingle mills in connection with his business. He bought and made thousands of cypress shingles, shipping by boat loads. At one time he had 1,900,000 shingles and often bought 30,000 a day. He also secured the establishment of the Joppa post- offlce of which he was postmaster for years. In 1888 he moved to Metropolis, engaged in business, pur- chased the brick block, now known as the Copeland Hotel block, a valuable property, and successfully operated it as a hotel. He is a director in the National State Bank, Metropo- lis. In 1863, when only 16, he endeavored to enlist but was prevented by his father on account of his age. In 1861 he succeeded in joining company K, 137th Illinois Infantry, made a good soldier and saw considerable service. He has beeu MAJoiv I W. COHELASD. CAPT. BENJAMIN RANKIN. Massac County. 261 couiinandrr of Tttiii Siiiiih pont, Mcti^Dpulis, lIliiioiK; wan in- struiiuMital in raising a cavalry i-ftjiment, whirli wan l«':idri"fliraii and fratfinally a Mason. Ilr is a incuilici- of thr Massai- County M^-dical So«ifty and of tiio Southrrn IIIinoiH Medical Association. an*l stands in the front rank of his pit) fesHion. He u>i\nilly lakes a <(>iirse of lectures each snninier in sonn- noted si liool dinin<^ his vacation and keeps abreast of the tiuies. 264 History of GOLCONDA CITIZENS. HON. JAMES A. ROSE, SECRETARY OF STATE. The Hon. James A. Rose was born in Goleonda, tbe coun- ty seat of Pope county, Illinois, Oct. 13, 1850. He attended the public schools of his native city and later the Northern Illinois normal at Normal, 111. When only 18 years of age he was teaching a rural school and met with such success that he was elected principal of the Goleonda public schools. While serving in this capacity he was elected superinten- dent of schools for Pope county, re-elected and during his sec- ond term was admtited to the bar. He resigned the ofhce of superintendent to be elected state's attorney of the county without opposition, and was re-elected. Governor Fifer in 1889 appointed hiin trustee of the re- formatory at Pontiac and the following year made him com- missioner of the southern Illinois penitentiary at Chester, which ofQce he ably held for three j^ears, or until the begin- ning of the Altgeld administration. When the state ticket for 1896 was nominated Mr. Rose was selected as the standard bearer of the office of secretary of state. His eloquence, logic, broad information and zeal told on the platform for the suc- cess of the party. Since taking charge of the office he has made system out of chaos, indexed and arranged valuable papers previously lost, and it has been more economical- ly conducted. He prepared and secured the passage of a bill which compels foreign conporations to pay a fee before doing business in the state, and has thus brought thousands of dol- lars into our treasury. At the last session he secured the passage of a bill which provides for the letting of the state contract for printing all state reports, fixes their number and provides for their distribution. This measure saves an im- mense sum annually to the taxpayers of the state. He was Massac County. 265 ronoininutiHl Mav H. 11)00. and elt'cd*!. Ami <»f IiIh rtMord. tliiH. tlu' I'iflv tirsl s<*uatni-ial ilislrirt, his lioiiic. ftils jiistlv prjiinl. lit' was iiianiiMi to Miss Kii/.alMih Mitliic Voiiiin if CJol <<>iula. 1874, and (w<» daujihlcrs. tlic Miss<*8 JcHHic JoHrpliiiK* and Helen Kli/alx-tli. and one son, Charles Itdscoe, liavc Messed llifir iiiiidii. They liMNca pleasant home in < Jolmnda. JOHN GILBERT, JR. .Mr. «iill»eit was horn in (ioNoiida. rope ((Minly. Illinois, OctoliL'l" l.'l, is:!;'i. Ihe soil of John ( iilliei I. Si-., ;ni emi^;i:iiil fntm Pennsylvania. Mis. riillieri. the moiher, \\;is .Miss ('oiiielia ItiKkliii. formeily of Kh(>de Island. •lohii » a loinin Keiii iicl.ian ; liis wife, tlu' niotlier, was a MIrh Nancy A. Castlenian. i»f Nash \ ille. Teiiii. They early came to Tope county. 266 History of William Hiram, their son, was born in Pope county April 14, 1862, and left home to make bis own way in the world at the early age of 14 years. He attended the ungraded and graded schools and taught seven years. He read law in the office of Judge Crow and in 1886 attended the Wesleyau Uni- versit}^, Bloomington, 111. In 1886 he was admitted to practice by the Supreme Court and located at Golconda, 111,, where he has built up a prohtable practice. In 1888 he was appointed master in chancery for his county and held the office for eight years. In 1896 he was elected by the Republicans to the office of state's attorney, in which he has made a splendid record. He is also a fluent and forceful campaigner. Fraternally he is a lioyal Arch Mason. In 1888 he and Miss Eddie M. White were married. Mr. Moore is influential within the councils of his party. DAVID GORDON THOMPSON. John Thompson and wife (nee Anderson) were native Vir- ginians and grandparents of our subject. Gordon Thompson, their son, and father of David Gordon, was born in Giles coun- ty, Va., Dec. 18, 1813, and was brought to Pope county on a visit to his widow mother, coming on horseback. Here he lo- cated a tract of government land and permanently resided there until his death in January, 181)2. His wife was Miss Jane Clemens, daughter of David Clemens, of Livingstone county, Ky, The Clemens ancestry were also from Virginia. Mrs, Thompson died in 1862 and Mr. Thom^json married Miss Loaisa J. Williams. David Gordon Thompson, youngest child of the first mar- riage, was born near Golconda, Pope county, Illinois, on his father's farm Oct. 21, 1853, and reared thereon until he was 20 years of age. He attended the rural schools and finished his education at the Southern Illinois Normal university, Car- bondale, through which he worked his way, graduating with honor in the class of 1878, He taught four terms, beginning at the age of 19, In 1880 he owned and published the Herald, Massac County. 267 a w«*<'klv i-c|iuhli(-iiii m \vs|>]||m'|', fui two vfiu>. II.- Iilli-<1 an iiiu'X]iiri' waK «'I«'«trd stall's aiioiiicy and ici-hMird in \SU'2. I-itt-r in' IxM-anu* ••onniv judaic to till a varanrv of two yeaiK oica- si«int'd liv ilic ifsij^jnatioii (tf .Iud;,'«' ('row. lit* has always ln't*n an ardent n'puldican, stMving on tlic ronnty (-cntial t*x<'cnlivr coininittce. scnclaiy of tin* roniinit tn'. th'U'iiiiti' to various foii;;i«'ssional. judicial and slate con- ventions, and a ready canipaijinei- since his niaj(M-ily. For ten yeai-s he has been a nieinber of tin* (lolcoinla luciul of (Hlucati(»n. is an (dder in the Preshyt«'rian church, and a Mascfii and (Md Fellow. April, 18.s2, he and Miss Mary E., daughter of Jareil IIutTinan, were niarritHl. Th<'y hav«» u pleasant home and enjoy inerite*! social recojjnition. ANTHONY WAYNE WALKER. Anthony Wayne Walker, siui of I>r. James Walker and wife (nee (JIassi. was horn near Ivose llud, l'op«* county, Illi- nois, March 1*1', ls.'»!». His inoihei- died when he was U years old and his father was in poor circumstances. The family be- came sejtaraled but Wayne remained with his father unlil he was ten years old. when liis father remarrie ch-rk for W il liain Kin^' of Hom* llud, Illinois. After three y«'ars' service with .Mi-. I\iii;i he wasemploye Illinois in an latly dav. William S. Mod;:!', son of tlir al>ov<\ was Itoiii in Illinois and liis wifr, MisH ilarii he attended the Stale noiinal nniv«Msity at Carbondale. llli nois. one term. returne«l to bej^in iea< bin;:, whirh pi-tdcNsion he has c«>ntinuously f(dlowi'<| with marked smcess. j;radnally and surely risin;: until in isUS he was nominate*! ami "lecied County Superintendent of i'lddie Insiinriion by the U'*publi can party of whirh In* has always been a zealous supporter and valuable member, lie is ipiietly and eftitieiitly idminis terinj; the duties of his otlice with marked ability and elTect. Mjirch 'M). isst;. Mr. Hcnlne and Miss Melissa Stea^'all were niarriiHl. Slie was Immii in Tcnnesse<* Se|(tend»er *J'.». isi'.i*. and came with her i>arents to Tope county. They are both < oiu inuni for the full term in 1S08 he receiv(Hl a handsome majority and in the 18 2 74 History of fall election was j^iveii the biggest majority any candidate ever received in a county election up to that time. Judge Whiteside lias a cliarming family and enjoys the home circle. He is making a good record as county judge and honors await him. HON. JOSEPH W. KING. Captain Joseph W. King was born in Pope county, Illinois, Dec. 29, 1838. He was educated in the common schools of that day and early evinced an aptness at trading. His early life was uneventful, but when the war broke out he readily answered his country's call, enlisting July, 1861, in company F of the twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, under the command of Colonel James A. Eeardin and General John A. McClern- and, and fought in many bloody battles. After the battle of Shiloh he was discharged and imme- diately raised a company know^n as company E, 120th Illinois Infantry, of which he was commissioned captain, serving un- til the close of the war. He returned to Pope county and was appointed deputy sheriff. During President Harrison's administration he was superintendent of the pension building under General Green I>. Raum, then commissioner of pensions, and was "written up" in the daily papers for storing a great number of bushels of potatoes and selling them when the market was high. Captain King was elected by the republicans to the for- tieth General Assembly of Illinois from the Fifty-first Senator- ial district and served with abilit}'. Twice since he has re- ceived the instructions of his home and other counties for the same office, but political fortune favored other counties in conventions. During the forty-first General Assembly he was superintendent of ventilation, a responsible position in the house. He took a boat load of chickens to Cuba in 187G and merchandised extensively between Galconda and New Or- leans. Fraternally the captaiii is a Mason and member of the Grand Army of the Republic. He has a happy home, com- Tfif^ JUDGE W. A. WHITESIDE. JOSEPH W. KING, Massac County. 277 poBcd of a di'vottti wife and trii «hildit»n--flve kings and five queoDK, and his bi^ heart is known thron^^hout the ii'alni. CHARLES DURFEE. Charh'S DnrftM- \\a> Immh m xomhn i jm-i mm t, Sainii- ».«».. Jllini>is, Nov. L'l, lMi:{. l>i-. \N . V. Dnrfit' was his father and Mrs. Lucretia Mouri* Durfoo his uiothiM*. lioth parents died leaving yonnj? Durfte a peniiihss orphan at an early ago. He worked hard on the farm, inipi-o\ed his spare nionientK in liard study, attended tiie common school at times aud en- gaged in the professit»n of teacliing in whi» li lie was a marked success. Politics has always enticcnl him and thcaigh not an oflice holder or ofVne s<'eker he was elected surveyor <»f Saline coun- ty in l.sj»i! and has always taken a great intt-rest in each cam paign. He is a republican and a stalwart. I'nder tlu' direction of ,Iudgc Crow he read law and was admitted to the bar and fornu-d a partnership with .ludge \\ . A. \\ hiteside of Oolconda. where they do a general legal business. Mi-. Durfee has been iwice married and lives with his family in (iolconda, surrounded by many warm friends ami well wishei-s. HARMON L. SEDBERRY. Harmon L. Kedberry, attorney at law, Golcouda, 111., was born in Smithland. Kentucky. July G, 187S, and gmduat'-d at the Smithland high school in June, 1898. During the campaign for governor between Governors Taylor and CJoebcl he spoke in 7G of th<* 111) counties of the state. He was a delegate from l.ivingslont* county to the re- publican state convention that nominatL*d Governor Taylor :ind was the ni"mber of the comuMttee (Ui residutions in that convention from the First ( "ongr-essioiial district. In the campaign of lUOO he spoke many timet^ in his adopte»t. «."th he spent ;he re- mainder of the tinn* in KentnrKx. it will be readily st«n that his services are in demand in campaigning. 2/' History of For three years he was county examiner of Livingstone county and was admitted to the bar at Smithland, Ky., Sept. 6th, 1809. April 12, 1900, he came to Golconda, Pope county, and formed a co-partnership with Attorney W. S. Morns, which partnership exists today. MAYOR FRANK ADAMS. He is the son of Lewis and Hannah Adams, of Hutson- ville, Crawford county, Illinois, was born Dec. 17, 1865. in Gal- veston, Indiana, and educated in the public schools. At Hutsonville he learned telegraphy and gradually rose in positions of responsibility in the railroad service. He was agent at Metropolis, Princeton, Ky., and Paducah, Ky At the latter place he was not only agent but was made cashier of the freight department. His railroad service covered 11 years. In 1895 he went into the furniture ,and undertaking bus- iness in Metropolis. In 1897 he was elected mayor and re- elected in 1899 by an increased majority. As mayor the water and light bonded indebtedness has been reduced |1. 000.00. The old levee bonds refunded at a saving of $780 interest an- nually, a public library established, and Franklin park, so beautified that it is a popular resort for the best citizens; ^Yashington park has also been reclaimed, w^hile several miles of graveled streets, blocks of granitoid walks and an improved water and light plant unexcelled by any similar city stand as evidences of his administration. HON. WILLIAM H. GREEN. Willis Green, the grandfather, was one of the earliest set- tlers of Kentucky, first delegate from the district of Kentucky to the V^irginia legislature, clerk of the first district court, and registrar of the Kentucky land olfice.His ancestry came or- iginally (1630) from the province of Leinster, Ireland, and settled in the Shenandoah A^alley, Virginia. Dr. Duff Green Massac County. ^79 wiiH his Roii, a tliuroiiKlilv rdinatid mimI pra<-ti<*til {>h,Vhirian, wlio inarri(Hl Liirv. u'hho of Simon Knitoii. tin- iiuicd fioiiii* is man. of Srot
  • vlii«li institution his learned mule. K<'\ . I^*\vis \V. (Jieen. 1). I)., was pi-i'sident. In 1S47 tin* family moved t«> Mount N'erndu. III., where I>r. ld Ft. Massac." In is.ls as a democrat he was eht ted a nicmltei of the lIcMise in the twenty first (Jeneml Assemlily from the Seeoiid Senatorial district. Speaker William K. Moirison appointed him chairman of the committee on judiciary and he li(» anu' a leader of his party and an .Klmirer of Stephen A. lMiu;:las. \^ ho was electe, where he residiMl until his «h'atli May 1. isitT. Nanev ('. (Jrinies. who became the wife of M. l>. .MoiriH, W118 the (hin^htei- of Kohert (Jnmew, a uative of North Caro lina; he enii;;iale<| to middle Tennessee, (henee to Kc-ntncky, Uiter Metro|Mdis, 1S(J8 or *G;>, and died on Ins farm P'-m iIk- INjwei-H ehureh, 18S;{. She is still living. William Thomas Morris, son of Milton D. an.'{. at- tended snhsrription sehools until he eaine to his (irandfather he purchased ami operated a thieshinj; machine for three months. dniin;i which time to.(MM) liushels were threshed at 5 cents a liushel. He had been a louring his labors here the church has materially advanceil along all lIucB and the indebtedness of the congregation for their hand some building slntwii elsewhere is Icing rapidiy and ^nrely paid. In Mci.eansb(»ro he married Miss Nettie L. Summers, who died at Fairtield. May 12. lst»7. and (»n September 22. 1S!»S. he was united in marriage to Mrs. Anna li. (ioldburgh. of Fair- Ueld. 284 History of BROOKLYN PRECINCT. When Elijah McCormick, Sr., came to Illinois in 1819 there was a lone log cabin situated on the present site of Brooklyn, occupied by a colored family. The state of Illinois had been admitted one year. In the fifties the laud was owned by Captain Davis, an early river man, and while in his pos- session was laid out as a town in 1850 and chartered by a spe- cial act of the legislature in 1855, twelve years after Massac became a county. The point was then known as the Davis Landing. The early history of Brooklyn is quite interesting. Along in the fifties parties could lay out a town, place a value upon the land, deposit a plat of said town with the auditor of state, establish a private, free, or wild-cat bank, and issue paper money to the value of said lots. Men living in Massac county accordingly "laid off" the village, drew a map of the same, which also showed the railroad survey upon which they claim- ed a road was "sure to be built immediately," valued the lots at 1400.00 an acre and issued their wild-cat money thereon from their bank, offices of which were opened in Metropolis and Brooklyn. Then it was that men carried what was called a detector with which to compare the thousands of dollars of fiat money, to determine the genuine. Then it was that a creditor dodged the debtor and locked his door at night for fear of being jiaid on account in currency' that the next hour might prove worthless. Soon after this Brooklyn went down and did not revive until the war, when a slight "boom" struck the town and it increased in population but again started down hill until the coming of the railroad in 1888. Along with the railroad came the "boot-legger," who promiscuously sold whiskey to man and boy until the good citizens proposed to stop lawlessness which made the nights hideous. Accordingly Dr. J. D. Young and others re-organized un- der the special charter in 1888 and instituted a municipal gov- Massac Cch'nty. 285 crimu'iit for s«'lf inot.'rtioii. In 1>1MJ tin* or^unizaition was chaii{;ed to that of a vilhigfo iiiidor the f^eucnil Htatiite and haH hvvu so rtiiuliirtcd slinr. I>|-. J. I). Y)*!!!!-; Ik-cjiiiH' th«* tirnt luayor and sfr\«'«l a ninubcr of ttMiiis; William rdl HiniM-i'di-d him for several tiM-ms, who was foUowrd by I>r. ('. A. Mo/.«'Iey. hr, by (>. II. Marj^ravr, and Mr. r»'ll is mayor at prrs«Mil. Brooklyn lies across Iht* Ohio river and a little bt'low I'a duc-aJ). Ky. It is on the Illinois shore in Massac county, Illi- nois, and is the stMond hu<;i*st city in the connty. but in point of jjrowth surpasses tlu-m all. At tlu* coininj^ of the railr(»ad the inhabitants did not exceed 100 souls. l)ut it jrradually in creasi'd in size and volume of business until it has attained its present enviable proportions. Within the last three years the population has more than doublelli<;ent. industrious and moral. The Christian chuicli is a splendiin;:nian ami 11. MrrurMiick ea»h liave a stork of ;ieneral nier«handise; Ih. M. M. «". lass and E. Hanjih ea< h »<>n duet first (lass drn;; stons; .laeoli Fry is the pr»»|irio. and as a .uost ini|MMiant faet<»r. Jasper .Mai}ira\e. real estate ajjent. The lar^rest private ent( rprisc is the milling; interest of (». 11. Mar^iave. ex niaxor of 15ro(d;lyn. Mr. Marjjrave be«;an with a saw mill on the rivei froiit. cutting building and wa;;on tindieis. He has by business sa^atity and enerjiy gradually expand«-d until he is now eonstruetin;; a laiffe siiw nnll and planin;; mill of enormous eapariiy. whieh will Im> a great as- sistance to the city. Today nr«»oklyn (»llii> Mip« imi im> i .lud railroati laeilities to manufacturing industiies and is r«'ady and willing to cu- ojM'ratf in the lo<-ation of th« same. J. D. YOUNG, M. D. Klijah Young, father of tie- lion. .1. I». Voung was b(»rn Oct. :{, 1803, in llopkinsville, Ky. of Frmrh llugaenol aiicen- 288 ' History of tors, who had formerly settled at Jamestown, Va., in an early day. He was a slave holder and raised a regiment for the Mexican war. He wielded considerable influence politicalh- and many politicians of wide reputation visited him. In 1S85 he died in Mt. Vernon, 111., while passing through that place. His wife was Anna Stilly, whose ancestry was of North Caro- lina, where she was born. She married her husband in Hen- ry county, Tennessee, 1841. While visiting her son, the doc- tor, in Pellonia, she died Dec. 2.3, 1880. John Decatur Young was born to Elijah and Anna Young in Henry county, Tennessee, Oct. 18, 1844. He attended Bethel Academy one year and was principally educated un- der the private instruction of his cousin, who was a proficient teacher. Upon the death of his father, the estate was declared in- solvent and at the early age of eleven years our subject was thrown upon his own responsibility and the care of a wid- owed mother with three other children became his portion. Though never taught to labor the brave lad farmed courage- ously from 185.J to 18G0, when the family came to New Col- ombia, Illinois, and had 25 cents upon their arrival. He farmed until July, 1SC2, when he enlisted in Compaiiy B, 12()th Illinois regiment, and served until the close of the war. During his war service he served six months in the prison hell, Andersonville. Returning from the war he again farmed and niarri<.'d Miss Lucy, daughter of Mr. Calhoun, New Colombia, Illinois. In 18G8 he rented out the farm and began the study of medicine with Drs. Norris and Bratton. In 1870 he came to Pellonia and entered his profession, and matriculated in the Louisville Medical College in 1873, graduating in 1874. After piactic- ing successfully for the fourth of a century he retired in 1899 on account of failing health. He has been an active member of all the leading medical societies and has been a member of the pension board of United States examining physicians and surgeons, and was removed in 1884 for offensive partisanship. Besides work along lines of his chosen profession Dr. Massac County. 291 V«iun;; was tlu- lirs! iiiavor uf UhmiUnm, s» rxiii;; s»\«r.il i» riiiH. hu'IiiIht of tl»e Kclitiol iKiard an«l «'U*(t«nl iMcsidciit nf (ln» lt(»iii*il (»f IMiK-atioii iti DrcciiilMM-, 1!MMI. In ]SM) |m* was i-l(H-t(il Itv iIh* n*)iiihlii-ans as a iiii'IiiImm* «)f tin* lc}:;islahirc of IlliiKUK and was (■liaiiiiian of ili*- i niniiiititM' wliicli simiiimmI till' pusHa^(> (if a 1*111 to niaUc llx' cxtciisivc and \alnald" <^oo logical suivi'V of Illinois und«'r \\u' »liitMti(»n of I'lofrssor NoitluMii. lie has bft'n jiioniini-nilv ni(*ntion«*«feinlHr 7. ISJI. Seveial cliil dieii »\eie liorii Imi died early. Kli/.abeth dosephine, how- ever, was horn at K<»s«' t'laiie. III., where her pareiils li\ed, dan. S. 1S44. She is now Mrs. Saimiel Alwell of Meiro)udis. Mrs. I'ell died hec :il. \sa:>. and .Mr. I'ell was married to .M. A. Steele April s. I>l7. ami she died March MK \K>\. Mareh 1*4. ls<(l. Mr. I'ell was nnileoiiisa ratleis iTi. \s(','2; Miti hell. dr.. Iioin .Mareh !5. ELDER G. LAY WOLFE. Elder <;. I^iy Wolfe, editor and publisher of the itiook lyn Eagle, is the Sf»n of K. Jay Wolfe. .1 \fteian of the <;ivil war in company I). Sth Illinois, lb- was boin in iMlawaie county. Indiana. Feb. Id, is.'!». reanii .1 fium jind attended the common school. He established circulating libraiies a number of years and became conversant with many of our best authors. In .March. lsl»l, he was conveii.d and united with the (Minstian church at Cisne, IIIinoiH, aiul on July .*{, ISIH, was married to MisB Minnie lYuscott of that piac*-. A dehire to preach the gos|K'l lay hold upon him and t<» better prepare for the minintry he attended Eureka clil in ls!>s mikI has iN'sidecl in Hro(»kl,vn srNcral vtars. whrre he has an di'^anl home. In jiolilirs Mr. Stone is /ealoiislv republican, has ser\e(l his eommunity as eonstahie for five terms, vilhi^i' marslial of Brooklyn, township ti"easni-er. ('» .'». foi- iwehe yeai-s. and is a deputy sheritT at pres«'nt. Fi'bruary aviK, (li-\ };o4»'rent slocks of j;oods in llrouklyn dnrin;; his expt rienee as .» iner- ehant. In M<*M he entered the serviei* of the (>hi«» and Mississippi Towin;: Co. and in tlie fall of ISIH* piirchased their towhoat and l»ar;;es. The |>anie set in and pi-opert\ previotisly verv vain able lHH*anie pnutieally worthless. A storm also wie(ke«l the towhoat re(|uirin«; ^1,40(1 to repjiir and reJioat it. The ont lit was sold t(» jtarties wlu» failed to pay f(»r it and resulted in a total loss. In February. I'.MIO. he entered the einjiloy of the Nau«rle. lI(d<-omli \' Co. as their shipi>in;r clerk. Alihou;:]i a jiartisan re|Mibliran Mr. Kush was appointed postmanter by iMhint of the ;rood old I'ennsylvania Cernian stock. ITis mother was i'sther Kiiiser. also ,,i\\ panicd his father, /achariah. to Illinois on a ilatboat in ls:{(». \\ Inn In- landed at Mttiopolis tinir wctc six honsfs and tin* t (k a pructitioner's cours*- in 1S«M». :ind a |M»st ^'raduale cuiii-se in ISJCi. With .V2 a|>pli cants he stood examination befoi-e tin* rnit***! States post graduate association and was one of thirteen who passed. He 3o6 History of was treasurer of the southern braucli of the State Dental society, has appeared on the program before that body iu "demonstration work" several times and is at present librarian of the society. In 1S91 he was one of the dental examiners for five counties in southern Illinois and a member of the World's Colombian Dental college in 1S93. For a number of years he has maintained an offloe at (iolconda as well as Metropolis. He wil], liow.v. i. discou tinue the former because his ptractice in his home city has gradually increased, demanding his whole time. Xo more elegant apartments are to be found anywhere than rhi' suite of dental parlors in the Temple building. Dr. Cummins was married to Miss Luella Rankins. daugh- ter of Captain Benjamin Rankin, in l^'o. She was born in ilassac county. 111. They have had two children, both d^jad. He is an Odd Fellow. Knight of Honor, and Knight of Tylhias. He was re-elected alderman of Metropolis in 1000 by an in- creased majority. REV. EBEN MUSE. The subjt-rt of this sketch was born Oct. 31, 1839. in Alle- gheny county. Pennsvlvania, took his college and seminary course at Danville. Kentucky, was licensed by the presbytery of Ebenezer April 11th. 1^03. and ordained by the presbytery of Chilicothe. May. ISGI. He was stated supply of the Mount Vernon church. 1883. and of the Metropolis church 1885-1886. when he was called to the pastorate of the Presbyterian church. Quincy, Mass., a suburb of Boston. This was perhaps the largest New Eng- land church, numbering about 1.700 communicants, and Rev. Muse occupied the pulpit until his death, which occurred July 23rd. 1891. July 2.5th he was interred in Mount Wollaston cemetery, overlooking the ocean. Of his services the Quincy Ledger said: "He was eminently successful in establishing a strong church. i>articularly in numbers."* Rev. Muse's grandfather was a private iu the Revolu- tionarv war and his father a soldier in the war of 1812, while REV. EBEN MUSE. WILLIAM MARTIN. MRS. WILLIAM MARTIN. mil r..ii.j. . I. i.ii>. ti iiiidtT Southern skhtj, larlv eiilistt'd in the liiion arniv in l^(il. fought until ilisabltMl, wiik nick for n yrnr after lu-inj; disi harjietl and ^ave fl.OO(K all hi« .noney, to aid in crushinj: tin* r»'ln*llion. In his ItM-ture dflivt'nnl be- fore nianv (ir.ind Army {Ktsts. we find thiH ntdde HentinuMit: "Don't forget the dead and don't forj^et the od (Quaker family ai Xinccnnes, Indiana. In 1S18 he went to Lebanon, (Hiio. and learned the trade of a Btone mason, which he r(»ntinueeca- 3IO History of tui". August, 1805, he was discluii-ged and in 1866 came to Illinois to occupy land given him by liis father. Spring, sum- mer and autumn were spent in clearing and improving the farm, while for twelve winters he taught school. Mr. ]Martin is a practical surveyor and served one term as county sur- veyor. He has always been a zealous member of the Metho- dist church, holding license as an exhorter. Fraternally he is a Mason, Odd Fellow and Grand Army man, and was an F. M. B. A. February 15. 1860, he married Miss Marion Ellen, daugh- ter of William L. Elair, of Ohio. They were parents of two children, Miss Annie M. and William I., now deceased. Mrs. ^rartin was born Feb. 15, 1841, and died Feb. 10, 1000. She was a most lovable woman and an exemi)lary member of so- ciety' and church circles. HON. GEORGE W. PILLOW. Hon. George H. Pillow was born in IMetropolis, Illinois. May 15, 1850, the son of Cai)tain P. B. Pillow, then a prom- inent citizen of Massac county, who bore the distinction of holding a commission from the governor of Illinois as ca})tain of the Regulators organized to suppress concerted violators of the law. When George was only two years old he was taken by his parents to Gallatin county, w^here he has since resided. In early years he lived on the farm and attended the rural schools. In 1868 he was a])])renticed to Karcher and Scanland, spend- ing fourteen years at the bench and during the latter years he read law at odd hours during the day and late into the night. He was admitted to the bar in 1882, since which time he has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession, which has reached far beyond the limits of his own county, and he has won an enviable re]»utation as a strong practitioner in criminal cases. An eloquent and forceful speaker, an enthusiastic repub- lican, he wields a decided influence in each camj^aign. He was the nominee of his party for congress in 1890 in the nine- GEOkdE W. PILLOW OLIVER A. MARKER. M AssAC County. 3 1 3 teonth district, overwhelminjjly dcmocratir. was the noinincH* for Ktatr's attoriu'V of (iailatiii county, Holitlly (Icinocialic, in IMMi, running 147 votes ahead of his c»»llt'a}^iHH, an«i in ISOS was nominated for the h'f^ishiture. but was dt'feated. Mr. Pil low has many friends in iliis county an. (iTth llliintis \'olunte« r In fantry. and on detailed service in the (|u:u termasters tl.|».iri nient at Nashvil!*'. Tenn. Knterinji McKendre«' College, I^ebanon. 111., he gradiijilid in ISCC, was principal of the Vienna, 111,, public schools from 1807 to 18GS. read law in the University of In«liana and jM-ac ticed his profession eight years at A'ienna. Governor Culloin appointed him circuit judg<* in .Vugust. 1878, and the repuhlieans have nominated and elected him successively in ls7!». lss."», ISIH and 1MI7. In June. \s\\\, he was appointed one of the appellate* judges for the second ^\\>• trict of Illinctis. in which rapacity he now starves. Miss Siihlie A. liain of N'ienna hecanu' his wife in ls7n. and they have two sons, (Jeorge M. and (»li\er A.. .Ir.. and mu- il.iiighter. \\'inifi«-v<'i;;liK ItOO poiiiuls. lie is conlial, lii-oa')*J leaving him at the ago of f«»urt»'en without a preeepttJr or anyone to care for him. M<* harned to read and write at a suliscription .s(ho(»l. lie lefl his native heath in 1800, and went to ('ain». Ills., where he remained for a few days and shipped on board a st<*amboal as «!• ck sweeper and roustabout; afterwai-d he Immmiuo a tabin boy and Texas tender on a boat plying bt'tween St. Louis and New (Mhans. In .lanuary, 1^(51. he went a.»o«ame so strong and violent that ho was compelbnl to s<*ek other quarters on a Williams