, U <1 "3 A \ ^V/^^v Central l (f JL. A Intelligence ilp.Jx m\ ?) Agency THE LIBRARY OF THE SEP a 6 UNIVERSITY Or ILLINOj "'' * *'' f The World Factbook Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Four * -H This publication is prepared for the use of US Government officials, and the format, coverage, and content are designed to meet their specific requirements. US Government officials may ob- tain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. 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April 1984 Contents Page Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes Abu Dhabi (see United Arab Emirates) Afghanistan Ajman (see United Arab Emirates) Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Anguilla (formerly St. Christopher-Nevis- Anguilla) Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Australia Austria 12_ Azores (see Portugal) Bahamas, The Bahrain 15 Balearic Islands (see Spain) Bangladesh 16 Barbados 1_ Belgian Congo (see Zaire) Belgium 1 Belize (formerly British Honduras) 21 Benin (formerly Dahomey) 22_ Bermuda 23 Bhutan ?4_ Bioko (see Equatorial Guinea) Bolivia 25_ Bophuthatswana (see South Africa) Botswana 27 Brazil 28 British Honduras (see Belize) British Solomon Islands (see Solomon Islands) Brunei 30 Bulgaria ?J_ Burma ?J5_ Burundi 34 Cabinda (see Angola) Cambodia (see Kampuchea) Cameroon 35 Canada ?J_ Canary Islands (see Spain) Cape Verde 38 Central African Republic 39 D Page Ceylon (see Sri Lanka) Chad - China (Taiwan listed at end of table) Dahomey (see Benin) Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) i Territory of the Afars and Issas (see Djibouti) Fujayrah, al (see United Arab Emirates) Germany, Federal Republic of 44 Czechoslovakia ____ Djibouti (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) 59 Dominic^: -~- Dominican Republic _ Dubai (see United Arab Emirates) 68 69 Islands ndo Po (see Equatorial Guinea) ch Guiana _ -- ch Polynesia ____ ^~ Gabon Gambia The 80 Gaza Strip (see West Bank and Gaza Strip, listed at end of table) ft 1 German Democratic Republic 83 Ghana G^bTaltarl -15- Gilbert Islands (see Kiribati) 87 iv Page Greenland . ^ Grenada 89 Guadeloupe Guatemala 92 Guinea . 94 Guinea-Bissau (formerly Portuguese Guinea) 95 Guyana 96 H Haiti Honduras ? 9 _ Hong Kong 1*L Hungary I? 2 - Iceland India Indonesia Iraq Ireland Israel (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) _ 112_ Italy _ _ . _ 111 Ivory Coast __ _ _ 115 Jamaica Japan . LUL Jordan (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) 120 Kampuchea (formerly Cambodia) 121 Kenya 123 Kiribati (formerly Gilbert Islands) 124 Korea, North ]%L. Korea, South 1%L Kuwait 128_ Laos Libya Liechtenstein Luxembourg 129 Lebanon _ _ . _ 131 Lesotho , _ ^? M Macau Madagascar Madeira Islands (see Portugal) Malagasy Republic (see Madagascar) Malawi Malaysia Maldives Page Mali 147 Malta 148 Martinique 149 Mauritania 151 Mauritius 152 Mexico 153 Monaco 155 Mongolia 156 Morocco 157 Mozambique 159 N Namibia (South- West Africa) 160 Nauru 161 Nepal 162 Netherlands 164 Netherlands Antilles 165 New Caledonia 167 New Hebrides (see Vanuatu) New Zealand 168 Nicaragua 169 Niger 171 Nigeria 172 Northern Rhodesia (see Zambia) Norway 173 O Oman 175 P Pakistan 176 Panama 178 Papua New Guinea 180 Paraguay 181 Pemba (see Tanzania) Peru 182 Philippines 184 Poland 185 Portugal 187 Portuguese Guinea (see Guinea-Bissau) Portuguese Timor (see Indonesia) Qatar 188 R Ra's al-Khaymah (see United Arab Emirates) Reunion 189 Rhodesia (see Zimbabwe) Rio Muni (see Equatorial Guinea) Romania 191 Rwanda 192 Page St. Christopher and Nevis (formerly St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla) 193 St. Lucia 194 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 195 San Marino 196 Sao Tome and Principe 198 Saudi Arabia 199 Senegal 200 Seychelles 201 Sharjah (see United Arab Emirates) Sierra Leone 203 Singapore 204 Solomon Islands (formerly British Solomon Islands) 205 Somalia 206 South Africa 208 Southern Rhodesia (see Zimbabwe) South- West Africa (see Namibia) Soviet Union 209 Spain 211 Spanish Sahara (see Western Sahara) Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) 213 Sudan 215 Suriname 216 Swaziland 217 Sweden 219 Switzerland 220 Syria 222 Tanganyika (see Tanzania) Tanzania 223 Tasmania (see Australia) Thailand 225 Togo 226 Tonga 227 Transkei (see South Africa) Trinidad and Tobago 228 Tunisia 230 Turkey 231 Turks and Caicos Islands 233 Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands) 234 U Uganda 235 Umm al-Qaywayn (see United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, al Fujayrah, 236 Ra's al-Khaymah, Sharjah, Umm al-Qaywayn) United Arab Republic (see Egypt) Page United Kingdom 237 United States 239 Upper Volta 241 Uruguay 242 Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides) 243 Vatican City 244 Venezuela 245 Vietnam 247 W Wallis and Futuna 248 Walvis Bay (see South Africa) Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) 249 Western Samoa 250 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) 251 Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of (South Yemen) 252 Yugoslavia 253 Zaire 255 Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) 256 Zanzibar (see Tanzania) Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) 257 Taiwan (China listed alphabetically) 259 West Bank and Gaza Strip 260 Appendixes A. The United Nations System 262 B. Selected UN Organizations 263 C. Selected International Organizations 264 D. Country Membership in Selected Organizations 266 E. Conversion Table 274 Maps I. The World (Guide to Reference Maps II-XII) II. North America III. Central America and the Caribbean IV. South America V. Europe VI. Middle East VII. Africa VIII. Soviet Union, East and South Asia IX. Southeast Asia X. Oceania XI. Arctic Region XII. Antarctic Region Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes Fiscal Year: The abbreviation FY stands for fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. GDP and GNP: GDP is the total market value of all goods and services produced within the domestic borders of a country over a particular time period, normally a year. GNP equals GDP plus the income accruing to domestic residents arising from investment abroad less income earned in the domestic market accruing to foreigners abroad. Imports, Exports, and Aid: Standard abbreviations used in individual entries throughout this factbook are c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight), f.o.b. (free on board), ODA (official development assistance), and OOF (other official flows). Land Utilization: Most of the land utilization percentages are rough estimates. Figures for "arable" land in some cases reflect the area under cultivation rather than the total cultivable area. Maritime Zones: Fishing and economic zones claimed by coastal states are included only when they differ from territorial sea limits. Maritime claims do not necessarily represent the position of the United States Government. Money: All money figures are in contemporaneous US dollars unless otherwise indicated. Oil Terms: Barrel (bbl) and barrels per day (b/d) are used to express volume of crude oil and refined products; a barrel equals 42.00 gallons, 158.99 liters, 5.61 cubic feet, or 0.16 cubic meters. Note: Some of the countries and governments included in this publication are not fully independent, and others are not officially recognized by the United States Government. Afghanistan (See reference map VIII) Land 637,397 km 2 ; 75% desert, waste, or urban; 22% arable(12% cultivated, 10% pasture); 3% forest Land boundaries: 5,510 km People Population: 14,448,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 1.9; these estimates in- clude an adjustment for emigration to Pakistan during recent years, but they do not take into account other demographic conse- quences of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan Nationality: noun Afghan(s); adjective Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pashtun, 25% Tajik, 9% Uzbek, 9% Hazara; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baluchi, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shi'a Mus- lim, 1% other Language: 50% Pashtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uz- bek and Turkmen), 10% thirty minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: 12% Labor force: 4.98 million (1980 est); 67.8% agriculture and animal husbandry, 10.2% in- dustry, 6.3% construction, 5.0% commerce, 7.7% services and other; current figures un- available because of fighting (1984) Organized labor: government-controlled unions are being established Government Official name: Democratic Republic of Af- ghanistan Type: Communist regime backed by multidivisional Soviet force Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 29 provinces with cen- trally appointed governors Legal system: not established; legal educa- tion at University of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Revolutionary Council acts as leg- islature and final court of appeal; President of Council acts as chief of state; Cabinet and judiciary responsible to Council; Presidium chosen by Council has full authority when Council not in session; Loya Jirga (Grand Na- tional Assembly) supposed to convene eventually and approve permanent constitu- tion Government leaders: BABRAK Karmal, President of the Revolutionary Council and head of the People's Democratic Party of Af- ghanistan; Soltan Ali KESHTMAND, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal from age 18 Political parties and leaders: The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) is the sole legal political party; has two factions; the Parcham faction of the PDPA has been in power since December 1979; members of the deposed Khalqi faction continue to hold some important posts; the Sholaye-Jaweid is a much smaller pro-Beijing group Communists: the PDPA claims 90,000 members Other political or pressure groups: the mili- tary and other branches of internal security are being rebuilt by the Soviets; insurgency continues throughout the country; wide- spread opposition on religious grounds; widespread anti-Soviet sentiment Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG; suspended from QIC in January 1980 Economy GNP: $2.8 billion (FY79), $200 per capita (1980); real growth rate 2.5% (1975-79); cur- rent figures not available (1984) Agriculture: subsistence farming and animal husbandry; main crops wheat, cotton, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, mutton Major industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and cement for domestic use; handwoven carpets for export Electric power: 415,000 kW capacity (1983); 1.1 billion kWh produced (1983), 77 kWh per capita Exports: $670 million (f.o.b., 1982); mostly fruits and nuts, natural gas, and carpets Imports: $880 million (c.i.f., 1982); mostly food supplies and petroleum products Major trade partners: exports mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries; im- ports mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries Budget: current expenditure Af22.7 billion, capital expenditure Af 10.9 billion for FY82 (est.) Monetary conversion rate: 50.6 afghanis= US$1 (official, February 1984) Afghanistan (continued) Albania Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March Communications Railroads: 9.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gauge, spur of Soviet line from Kushka (USSR) to Towraghondi and from Termez (USSR) to Kheyrabad Transhipment Point (15 km) on south bank Amu Darya (govern- ment owned) Highways: 18,752 km total (1978); 2,846 km hard surface, 14,035 gravel and improved earth and unimproved earth and tracks Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles steamers up to about 500 metric tons Pipelines: natural gas, 180 km Ports: 3 minor river ports; largest Sher Khan Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 41 total, 35 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; tele- vision introduced in 1980; telephones 31,200 (0.2 per 100 popl.); 5 AM and no FM stations, 1 TV station, 1 earth satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Air and Defense Forces, border guard forces, Defense of the Revolution Force, National Police Force, Government Information Service (KHAD), People's Militia Military manpower: males 15-49, about 3,422,000; 1,900,000 fit for military service; about 140,000 reach military age (22) annu- ally Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the USSR Military budget: estimated expenditures for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, about $0.4 million (See reference map V) Land 28,748 km 2 ; 43% forest and wood; 21% ara- ble; 19% meadows and pasture; 5% permanent crop; 5% inland water; 7% other Land boundaries: 716 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) People Population: 2,906,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun Albanian(s); adjective Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian; remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgari- ans Religion: Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state; prewar est. 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catho- lic; observances prohibited Language: Albanian (Tosk is official dialect), Greek Literacy: 75% Labor force: 584,000 (1978); about 22% agri- culture, 40% industry and commerce, and 38% other (1978) Government Official name: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisions: 26 rrethet (districts) Legal system: based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assem- bly, which is not a true court; legal education at University of Tirana; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 No- vember Branches: legislature (People's Assembly), Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Ramiz ALIA, Chair- man, Presidium of the People's Assembly (chief of state); Adil CARCANI, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18' Elections: national elections held every four years; last elections 12 November 1982; 100% of electorate voted (with one dissenting vote) Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Hoxha Communists: 122,600 party members (No- vember 1981); 4.5% of population Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with USSR in 1961; officially withdrew from War- saw Pact 13 September 1968 Economy GNP: $2.15 billion (1979); $820 per capita (1981) Algeria Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops corn, wheat, potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton Major industries: agricultural products and processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries (chrome and oil) Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 1,390,000 kW capacity (1983); 4.5 billion kWh produced (1983), 1,558 kWh per capita Exports: $151 million (1978); asphalt, bitu- men, and petroleum products; metals and metallic ores; agricultural products, includ- ing vegetables, fruits, and tobacco Imports: $137 million from OECD countries (1982); machinery, machine tools, iron and steel products, textiles, chemicals, pharma- ceuticals Major trade partners: exports Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Italy, Poland, Austria; imports Yugoslavia, Czechoslo- vakia, FRG, Poland, Italy, Greece Budget: (1982 prov.) revenue $1.22 billion, expenditure $1.21 billion; state investment $1.1 billion (1984 planned) Monetary conversion rate: 1. 1328 leks=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for con- sumption year 1 July-30 June Communications Railroads: 228 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track, government owned (1980 est.); claims over 400 km (1983) Highways: 4,989 km total; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sec- tions of Lake Shkoder, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1979) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; refined prod- ucts, 65 km; natural gas, 64 km Freight carried: rail 2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); high- ways 39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Ports: 1 major (Durres), 3 minor (1979) Civil air: no civil airline Defense Forces Branches: Albanian People's Army, Frontier Troops, Interior Troops, Albanian Coastal Defense Command, Air and Air Defense Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 768,000; 636,000 fit for military service; 31,000 reach military age (19) annually Ships: 4 submarines, 2 mine warfare ships, 54 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 6 mine warfare craft, 2 underway replenishment ships, 1 other auxiliary Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, 910 million leks; 10.4% of total budget (See reference map VII) Land 2,460,500 km 2 ; 80% desert, waste, or urban; 16% pasture and meadows; 3% cultivated; 1% forest Land boundaries: 6,260 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km People Population: 21,351,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.1% Nationality: noun Algerian(s); adjective Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Sunni Muslim (state religion); 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 46% Labor force: (1982) 3.5 million; 40% industry and commerce, 30% agriculture, 17% gov- ernment, 10% services; at least 11% of urban labor unemployed Algeria (continued) Organized labor: 16-19% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front Government Official name: Democratic and Popular Re- public of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 wilayas (depart- ments or provinces); 160 dairat (admin- istrative districts); 691 communes Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitu- tion adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of vari- ous public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court di- vided into four chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran, and Constan- tine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 Novem- ber Branches: executive; unicameral legislature (National People's Assembly); judiciary Government leader: Col. Chadli BENDJEDID, President Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential 12 January 1984; departmental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative 5 March 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Liber- ation Front (FLN), Secretary General Chadli Bendjedid Communists: 400 (est); Communist Party il- legal (banned 1962) Member of: AfDB, AIOEC, Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, QIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GDP: $42.9 billion (1982 est.), $2,142 per capita; 3.1% real growth in 1982 Agriculture: main crops wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus fruits, dates, veg- etables, sheep, cattle, industrial crops Fishing: catch 34,100 metric tons (1978) Major industries: petroleum, light indus- tries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, automotive plants (under con- struction), and food processing Crude steel: 550,000 metric tons produced (1981) Electric power: 3,040,000 kW capacity (1983); 10.786 billion kWh produced (1983), 521 kWh per capita Exports: $12.1 billion (f.o.b., 1982); major items petroleum and gas 98.0%; France 29.0%, US 22.9% Imports: $12.1 billion (f.o.b., 1982); major items capital goods 35.0%, semifinished goods 25.0%, foodstuffs 18.0%; France 23.9%, US 12.0% Major trade partners: US, FRG, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada Budget: $16 billion revenue, $16 billion ex- penditure (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 5.041 Algerian dinars=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 3,908 km total; 2,659 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 1,129 km 1.055-meter gauge, 120 km 1.000-meter gauge; 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,410 km total; 45,070 km con- crete or bituminous, 33,340 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 6,612 km; refined prod- ucts, 298 km; natural gas, 2,398 km Ports: 4 secondary, 8 minor Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft Airfields: 177 total, 165 usable; 56 with permanent-surface runways; 28 with run- ways 2,440-3,659 m; 80 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,556,000; 2,816,000 fit for military service; 232,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $1.449 billion; 7.1% of cen- tral government budget Andorra (See reference map V) Land 466km 2 Land boundaries: 105 km People Population: 45,000 (July 1984), average an- nual growth rate 5.4% Nationality: noun Andorran(s); adjective Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 61% Spanish, 30% Andorran, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan (official); many also speak some French and Castilian Literacy: 100% Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers Government Official name: Principality of Andorra Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Span- ish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers Capital: Andorra la Vella Political subdivisions: 1 districts Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative (General Council of the Valleys) consisting of 28 members; execu- tive syndic (manager) and a deputy subsyndic chosen by General Council; judi- ciary chosen by Co-princes who appoint two civil judges, a judge of appeals, and two battles (court prosecutors); final appeal to the Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan, France, or to the Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain Government leaders: head of state Fran- cois MITTERRAND (President of France) and Juan Marti ALANIS (Bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain), Co-Princes; head of govern- mentOscar RIBAS Reig (Chief Executive) Suffrage: those of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members Elections: General Council chosen every four years; last election December 1981 Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but only partisans for par- ticular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups devel- oped in 1972; first formal political party Andorran Democratic Association formed in 1976, reorganized in 1979 as Andorran Democratic Party Communists: negligible Member of: UNESCO Economy Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism (particularly ski- ing), sheep, timber, tobacco, and smuggling Electric power: 30,000 kW capacity (1983); 121 million kWh produced (1983), 3,170 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France Monetary conversion rate: 8.445 French francs=US$l (February 1984); 156.30 Span- ish pesetas=US$l (February 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international landline circuits to Spain and France; 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; about 12,800 telephones (43.5 per 100 popl.); about 7,000 radio receivers (1982) Defense Forces Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed Angola CSee reference map VII) Land 1,245,790 km 2 ; 44% forest; 22% meadow and pasture; 1% cultivated; 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 20 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,600km People Population: 7,770,000, including Cabinda (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.6%; Cabinda, 125,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.2% Nationality: noun Angolan(s); adjective Angolan Ethnic divisions: 38% Ovimbundu, 23% Kimbundu, 13% Bakongo, 2% Mestico, 1% European Religion: 68% Roman Catholic, 20% Protes- tant, about 10% indigenous beliefs Language: Portuguese (official); various Bantu dialects Literacy: 20% Labor force: 1,865,000 economically active (mid-1980 est.); 60% agriculture, 15% indus- try Organized labor: approx. 450,695 (1980) Government Official name: People's Republic of Angola Type: republic Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 18 provinces includ- ing the coastal exclave of Cabinda Legal system: formerly based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; being modified along "socialist" model National holiday: Independence Day, 1 1 November Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution; legislative National People's Assembly Government leader: Jose Eduardo dos SAN- TOS, President Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Popular Move- ment for the Liberation of Angola- Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), led by dos San- tos, only legal party; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), de- feated in civil war, carrying out insurgencies Member of: Af DB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $3.9 billion (1980 est), $591 per capita, 0.0% real growth (1980) Agriculture: cash crops coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 106,073 metric tons (1979) Major industries: mining (oil, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar proc- essing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 630,000 kW capacity (1983); 1.6 billion kWh produced (1983), 210 kWh per capita Exports: est. $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1982); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish prod- ucts, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton Imports: est. $1.41 billion (c.i.f., 1982); capi- tal equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, tex- tiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975-77 Major trade partners: Cuba, USSR, Portugal, and US Budget: (1980) est. reserve $1.991 billion; est. total expenditures $2.886 billion Monetary conversion rate: 30.214 kwanza=US$l (23 February 1983) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter gauge Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,165 km navigable Ports: 3 major (Cabinda, Luanda, Lobito), 5 Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Angola (continued) Anguilla Airfields: 383 total, 329 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 1 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 78 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of wire, radio-relay and troposcatter routes; HF used extensively for military /Cuban links; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; 29,100 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 16 AM, 13 FM, and 2 TV stations; 230,000 radio re- ceivers and 21,000 television receivers (1982) Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force/ Air De- fense; paramilitary forces Peoples' Police Corps, Peoples' Defense Organization, Fron- tier Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,722,000; 867,000 fit for military service; 72,000 reach military age (20) annually At/antic Ocean DOM- REP. .ANGUILLA ST. CHRISTOPHER'. . AMD NEVIS .. Caribbean Sea (See reference map III) Land Anguilla, 91 km 2 ; Sombrero, 5 km 2 . People Population: 7,000 (1982 est.) Nationality: noun Anguillan(s); adjec- tive Anguillan Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Religion: Anglican and Methodist Language: English (official) Literacy: 80% Labor force: 2,000 Anguillans living overseas send remittances home; high unemployment (40% in 1977) Organized labor: none Government Official name: Anguilla Type: British dependent territory Capital: The Valley Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into effect on 1 April 1982 Branches: 11-member House of Assembly, seven-member Executive Council Government leaders: Allistair BAILLE, Governor; Emile GUMBS, Chief Minister Suffrage: native born; resident before sepa- ration from St. Christopher-Nevis; 15 years residence for "belonger" status Elections: general election, June 1982 Political parties and leaders: Anguilla Na- tional Alliance (ANA), Emile Gumbs; Anguillan People's Party (APP), Ronald Webster Voting strength: APP, 5 seats; ANA, 2 seats Communists: none Member of: Commonwealth Economy GDP: unknown Agriculture: pigeon peas, corn, sweet pota- toes, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, poultry Fishing: inshore and reef fishing; catch un- known Major industries: lobster exports, tourism, and salt Electric power: island-wide system; capacity unknown Exports: lobsters Budget: revenue, EC $9,899,801 (1982); ex- penditure, EC $10,759,868 (1982); grant-in- aid, EC $1,081,000 (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean dollars=$USl (February 1984) Fiscal year: probably calendar Communications Railroads: none Highways: 64 km surfaced, 24 km gravel and earth Inland waterways: none Anguilla (continued) Antigua and Barbuda Ports: 1 major (Road Bay), 1 minor (Blowing Point) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfield: 1 with runway of 1,100 m at Wallblake Airport Telecommunications: modern internal tele- phone system (1,200 telephones est); 1 radio broadcasting service Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of UK Branches: Police DOMINICAN At/antic REPUBLIC PUERTQ Ocean RICO ANTIGUA \ AND (ft BARBUDA Caribbean Sea (See reference map tit) Land 280 km 2 ; 54% arable; 18% waste and built on; 14% forest; 9% unused but potentially pro- ductive; 5% pasture; the islands of Redonda (less than 2.6 km 2 and uninhabited) and Bar- buda (161 km 2 ) are dependencies Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 153 km People Population: 80,000 (July 1984), average an- nual growth rate 1.3% Nationality: noun Antiguan(s); adjective Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Anglican (predominant), other Protestant sects, some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 88% Organized labor: 18,000, 22-26% unemploy- ment (1983 est.) Government Official name: Antigua and Barbuda Type: independent state recognizing Eliza- beth II as Chief of State Capital: St. Johns Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 depend- encies (Barbuda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate juris- diction, consists of Chief Justice and five justices Branches: bicameral legislative, 17-member popularly elected House of Representatives and 17-member Senate; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Vere Cornwall BIRD, Sr., Prime Minister; Lester BIRD, Deputy Prime Minister; Sir Wilfred Ebenezer JACOBS, Governor Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every five years; last general elec- tion 24 April 1980 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; United People's Movement (UPM), George Herbert Walter; Progressive Labor Move- ment (PLM), Robert Hall Voting strength: (1980 election) House of Representatives ALP, 13 seats; PLM, 3 seats; independent, 1 seat Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small leftist nationalist group led by Leonard "Tim" Hector Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, G-77, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ISO, OAS, UN, UNESCO Argentina Economy GDP: $125.6 million (1982 est.), $1,650 per capita Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industries: tourism, cotton production Electric power: 43,000 kW capacity (1983); 60 million kWh produced (1983), 770 kWh per capita Exports: $33.6 million (f.o.b., 1981 est); clothing, rum, lobsters Imports: $139.3 million(c.i.f., 1981 est); fuel, food, machinery Major trade partners: 30% UK, 25% US, 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries (1975) Aid: economic bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (1970-80) from Western (non-US) countries, $20 million; no military aid Budget: (current) revenues, $42 million (1982); expenditures, $40.4 million (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean (EC) dollars=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-30 March Communications Railroads: 80.4 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, employed almost exclusively for han- dling cane Highways: 380 km total; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. Johns), 1 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659m Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 6,700 telephones (9.2 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Gua- deloupe; 5 AM and 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable; about 19,000 radio and 16,000 television receivers (1982) Defense Forces Branches: Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force Major gound units: Defense Force Aircraft: None ARGENTINA CHIUSf Buenos Aires FALKLAND ISLANDS admin, by U.K., claimed by Argentina) (See reference map IV) Land 2,771,300 km 2 ; 57% agricultural (46% natural meadow, 11% crop, improved pasture, and fallow); 25% forest, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km People Population: 30,097,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 1.6% Nationality: noun Argentine^); adjective Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other non white groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French Argentina (continued) Literacy: 94% Labor force: 1 1.2 million (1982 est); 19% ag- riculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 1 1 % commerce, 6% transport and communi- cations, 19% other; 6% estimated unemployment (1982 est.) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) Government Official name: Argentine Republic Type: republic; changed from military to civilian government in December 1983 Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: mixture of US and West Euro- pean legal systems; constitution adopted 1853 is in effect; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: executive (President, Vice Presi- dent, Cabinet); legislative (National Congress Senate, Chamber of Deputies); national judiciary Government leaders: Raul ALFONSIN, President; Victor MARTINEZ, Vice Presi- dent Elections: general elections held 30 October 1983; next congressional elections scheduled for 1985 Political parties: operate under statute passed in 1983 that sets out criteria for par- ticipation in national elections; Radical Civic Union (UCR) moderately left of center; Justicialist Party (JP) Peronist umbrella po- litical organization; Movement for Industrial Development (MID); Intransigent Party (PI); several provincial parties Communists: some 70,000. members in vari- ous party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist- dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' associa- tion), Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association), business organiza- tions, students, and the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC Inter- national Whaling Commission, IWC International Wheat Council, LAIA, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG Economy GNP: $130 billion (1981 est.), $4,610 per cap- ita; 80% consumption, 20% investment; real GDP growth rate 1982, -5.7% Agriculture: main products cereals, oil- seed, livestock products; major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 462,000 metric tons (1980 est.); exports $130 million (1980 est.) Major industries: food processing (especially meat packing), motor vehicles, consumer du- rables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 2.5 million metric tons produced (1981) Electric power: 13,400,000 kW capacity (1983); 39.0 billion kWh produced (1983), 1, 315 kWh per capita Exports: $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 1982); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseed Imports: $5.3 billion (c.i.f., 1982); machin- ery, lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Major trade partners: (1981) exports 22% USSR, 9% Brazil, 9% Netherlands, 9% US, 6% Italy, 6% FRG, 5% Japan and Spain; im- ports 22% US, 10% Brazil, 10% FRG, 9% Japan, 6% Italy, 2% Chile Budget: (1981) treasury revenues $7.6 billion; expenditures $13.7 billion at average annual exchange rate. Monetary conversion rate: 19.3 pesos argentinos=US$l (30 November 1983); Ar- gentina redenominated its currency 1 June 1983, 10,000 pesos=l pesos argentine Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 39,738 km total; 3,086 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 22,788 km 1.676- meter broad gauge, 13,461 km 1.000-meter gauge, 403 km 0.750-meter gauge; of total in country, 260 km are electrified Highways: 208,100 km total, of which 47,550 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 101,000 km im- proved earth, 20,300 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km re- fined products; 9,918 km natural gas Ports: 1 major, 21 minor Civil air: 55 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2,017 total, 1,845 usable; 118 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,695 m, 28 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 321 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: extensive modern sys- tem; telephone network has 2.88 million sets (10.3 per 100 popl.), radio relay widely used; 2 satellite stations with 3 Atlantic Ocean an- tennas; 154 AM, 45 FM, and 191 TV stations 10 Australia Defense Forces Branches: Argentine Army, Navy of the Ar- gentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture, National Aeronautical Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,455,000; 6,050,000 fit for military service; 247,000 reach military age (20) annually C^/^fJv- ,\ J 'rotes- tant, 28% Catholic, 28% Black Muslim and other Language: English Literacy: 98% Labor force: 29,669 employed (1980); 25% clerical, 22% services, 22% laborers, 13% pro- fessional and technical, 9% administrative and managerial, 7% sales, 2% agriculture and fishing Government Official name: Bermuda 23 Bermuda (continued) Bhutan Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) ap- pointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an ap- pointed Senate and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly; Supreme Court Government leaders: Viscount John W. DUNROSSIL, Governor; John William David SWAN, Premier Suffrage: universal adult over age 21 Elections: at least once every five years; last general election December 1980 Political parties and leaders: United Ber- muda Party (UBP), J. David Gibbons; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Lois Browne- Evans Voting strength: 1980 elections UBP 54%, PLP 46%; UBP holds 22 House of Assembly seats; PLP, 18 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU), headed by Ottiwell Simmons Member of: INTERPOL, WHO Economy GDP: $598 million (FY79/80), $16,150 per capita (1983); real growth rate 2.5% (FY82/83) Agriculture: main products bananas, veg- etables, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance, struc- tural concrete products, paints, perfumes, furniture Electric power: 1 10,000 kW capacity (1983); 350 million kWh produced (1983), 6,035 kWh per capita Exports: $15.7 million (1982); semitropical produce, light manufactures Imports: $351 million (1982); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: 54% US; 16% Carib- bean countries, 10% UK, 6% Canada, 14% other; tourists, 90% US Aid: economic bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im (FY70-81), from US $34 million; from Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-81), $125 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $132 million; expendi- tures $132 million (FY81/82) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: none Highways: 209 km public roads, all paved (approximately 400 km of private roads) Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George, Free- port) Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: modern telecom sys- tem, includes fully automatic telephone system with 46,290 sets (84.6 per lOOpopl.); 4 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces External defense is the responsibility of United Kingdom Branches: The Bermuda Regiment (See reference map Vltl) Land 46,620 km 2 ; 70% forest; 15% agricultural; 15% desert, waste, urban Land boundaries: about 870 km People Population: 1,417,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.2% Nationality: noun Bhutanese (sing., pi.); adjective Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhote, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Buddhist-influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotes speak various Tibetan dia- lects most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha (official); Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: 5% Labor force: 95% agriculture, 1% industry and commerce (1983); massive lack of skilled labor Government Official name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu 24 Bolivia Political subdivisions: 4 regions(east, central, west, south), further divided into 17 districts Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district administrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 17 December Branches: appointed ministers and indirectly elected National Assembly consisting of vil- lage elders, monastic representatives, and all district and senior government adminis- trators Government leader: Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK, King Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every three years Political parties: no legal parties Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IMF, NAM, UNESCO, UPU, UN, WHO Economy GDP: $131 million (FY81/82), $109 per capita; 9.4% growth in FY81/82 Agriculture: rice, corn, barley, wheat, pota- toes, fruit Major industries: cement, chemical prod- ucts, mining, distilling, food processing, handicrafts Electric power: 15,680 kW capacity (1983); 9 million kWh produced (1983), 7 kWh per capita Exports: $20.2 million (FY81/82); agricul- tural and forestry products, coal Imports: (from India) $50.8 million (FY81/82); textiles, cereals, vehicles, fuels, machinery Major trade partner: India Budget: total receipts $48.5 million, expendi- tures $50.9 million (FY82/83 est.) Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 10.224 ngultrums= 10.224 Indian rupees=US$l (October 1983) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traf- fic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total; 2 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,300 telephones (0.1 per 100 pop!.); 11,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 20 AM stations and no TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Royal Bhutan Army Military manpower: males 15-49, 350,000; 188,000 fit for military service; about 17,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India (See reference map IV) Land 1,098,160 km 2 ; 45% urban, desert, waste, or other; 40% forest; 11% pasture and meadow; 2% cultivated and fallow; 2% inland water Land boundaries: 6,083 km People Population: 6,037,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun Bolivian(s); adjective Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 30% Quechua, 25% Ay- mara, 25-30% mixed, 5-15% European Religion: 95% Roman Catholic; active Prot- estant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara (all official) Literacy: est. 75% Labor force: 1.7 million (1983); 47% agricul- ture, 23% services, 19% industry and commerce, 11% government Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concen- trated in mining, industry, construction, and transportation Government Official name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic 25 Bolivia (continued) Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Political subdivisions: nine departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August Branches: executive; bicameral legislature (National Congress Senate and Chamber of Deputies); Congress began meeting again in October 1982; judiciary Government leader: Hernan SILES Zuazo, President Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: presidential elections on 29 June 1980 were won by the UDP coalition candi- date, Hernan Siles Zuazo; however, before the planned August inauguration, the gov- ernment was overthrown by the military; a series of military leaders followed; in Sep- tember 1982 the military moved to return the government to civilian rule; the 1980-elected congress met on 1 October and selected the winner of the 1980 presidential election, Hernan Siles Zuazo, to head the government; Siles was inaugurated on 10 October Political parties and leaders: the two tradi- tional political parties in Bolivia, the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People (MNR) and the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB), are both seriously factionalized; FSB, Mario Gutierrez; MNR, Jaime Arellano; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of Left (MNRI), Hernan Siles Zuazo; Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Jaime Paz Zamora; Authentic Revolu- tionary Party, Walter Guevara Arce; Christian Democratic Party, Benjamin Mi- guel; Nationalist Revolutionary Party of Left, Juan Lechin Oquendo; Paz Estenssorista MNR, Leonidas Sanchez; Na- tionalist Democratic Action Party (ADN), Hugo Banzer Voting strength: (1980 elections) UDP Democratic Popular Unity Front, a coalition of the MNRI, MIR, and several smaller groups 38.5%; MNR 20.5%; ADN 16.8% Communists: three parties; PCB/Soviet led by Jorge Kolle Cueto, about 300 members; PCB/Chinese led by Oscar Zamora, 150 (in- cluding 100 in exile); POR (Trotskyist), about 50 members divided between three factions led by Hugo Gonzalez Moscoso, Guillermo Lora Escobar, and Amadeo Arze Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, I ATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE Inter- American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC International Wheat Council, LAIA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAIA [formerly LAFTA]), NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $5.6 billion (1983), $933 per capita; 77% private consumption, 10% public con- sumption, 13% gross domestic investment, -2.0% net foreign balance (1981); 1980 growth, -12% Agriculture: main crops potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, coca, yucca, bananas, coffee; imports significant quantities of wheat Major industries: mining, smelting, petro- leum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 480,000 kW capacity (1983); 1.8 billion kWh produced (1983), 306 kWh per capita Exports: $832 million (f.o.b., 1982); tin, pe- troleum, lead, zinc, silver, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cot- ton, natural gas Imports: $522 million (c.i.f., 1982); food- stuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharma- ceuticals, transportation Major trade partners: exports Argentina 36%, US 11%; UK 4%, other EC 10%; Brazil 3%; imports Argentina 22%; US 21%; Brazil 17%; EC 12%; Japan 9%; FRG 6%; UK 2%, other EC 12% (1982) Budget: $720 million revenues, $1,175 mil- lion expenditures (1981 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 500 pesos= US$1 (November 1983) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 3,651 km total; 3,514 km meter gauge (1.000 m) and 32 km 0.760-meter gauge, all government owned, single track; 105 km meter gauge (1.000 m) privately owned Highways: 38,830 km total; 1,300 km paved, 6,700 km gravel, 30,836 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable water- ways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined prod- ucts, 1,495 km; natural gas, 580 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 58 major transport aircraft Airfields: 564 total, 505 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 10 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 114 with runways 1,220-2,409 m Telecommunications: new radio-relay sys- tem still inadequate; improved international services; 135,000 telephones (2.6 per 100 popl.); 143 AM, 29 FM, and 43 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station 26 Botswana Defense Forces Branches: Bolivian Army, Bolivian Navy, Bolivian Air Force (literally the Army of the Nation, the Navy of the Nation, the Air Force of the Nation) Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,346,000; 881,000 fit for military service; 61,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $76.0 million; 12.3% of central government budget MOZAMBIQUE Atlantic Ocean Indian \ SOUTH AFRICA"/ Ocean (See reference map VII) Land 600,372 km 2 ; about 6% arable: less than 1% cultivated; mostly desert Land boundaries: 3,774 km People Population: 1,038,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.6% Nationality: noun Motswana (sing.), Batswana (pi.); adjective Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% European Religion: 40% indigenous beliefs, 15% Chris- tian Language: English (official), Setswana vernacular Literacy: about 24% in English; about 35% in Tswana; less than 1% secondary school grad- uates Labor force: about 400,000 total;103,600 for- mal sector employees (1980-81); most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; 40,000 formal sector employees spend at least six to nine months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1980) Organized labor: 16 trade unions organized Government Official name: Republic of Botswana Type: parliamentary republic; independent member of Commonwealth Capital: Gaborone Political subdivisions: 12 administrative dis- tricts Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland (two and one-half years) and University of Edin- burgh (two years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 30 September Branches: executive President appoints and presides over the Cabinet, which is re- sponsible to Legislative Assembly; bicameral legislature (National Assembly with 32 popu- larly elected members and four members elected by the 32 representatives; House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only); judi- cial local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: Dr. Quett K. J. MASIRE, President Suffrage: universal adult at age 21 Elections: general elections held 20 October 1979; next elections to be held by October 1984 Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Quett Masire; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma; Botswana People's Party (BPP); Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho Voting strength: (October 1979 election) Legislative Assembly BDP, 29 seats; BNF, 2 seats; BPP, 1 seat 27 Botswana (continued) Brazil Communists: no known Communist orga- nization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts Member of: Af DB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP. $721.6 million (FY81/82); average an- nual real growth, 9.7% during 1976-82, 0% in FY81/82 Agriculture: principal crops are corn, sor- ghum, millet, cowpeas; livestock raised and exported; heavy dependence on imported food Major industries: livestock processing, min- ing of diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash, tourism Electric power: 100,000 kW capacity (1983); 470 million kWh produced (1983), 470 kWh per capita Exports: $456.2 million (f.o.b. 1982); dia- monds, cattle, animal products, copper, nickel Imports: $580.0 million (f.o.b 1982); food- stuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products Major trade partners: Switzerland, US, UK, other EC members of Southern African Cus- toms Union Budget: (FY82/83) revenues $287.0 million, expenditures $372.5 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.122 pula=US$l (31 October 1983) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: 726 km 1.067-meter gauge Highways: 1 1,214 km total; 1,300 km paved; 1,700 km crushed stone or gravel; 5,177 km improved earth and 3,037 km unimproved earth Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 87 total, 79 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the small system is a combination of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocommunication sta- tions; 11, 700 telephones (1.5 per 100popl.);3 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Wing, Botswana Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 196,000; 104,000 fit for military service; 12,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1982, $26.6 million; 5% of central gov- ernment budget SURINAME ' FRENCH Atlantic UIANA Ocean (See reference map IV) Land 8,512,100 km 2 ; 60% forest; 23% built-on area, waste, and other; 13% pasture; 4% cultivated Land boundaries: 13,076 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 7,491 km People Population: 134,380,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun Brazilian(s); adjective Brazilian Ethnic divisions: Portuguese, Italian, Ger- man, Japanese, black, Amerindian; 55% white, 38% mixed, 6% black, and 1% other Religion: (1980) 89% Roman Catholic (nomi- nal) Language: Portuguese (official) Literacy: 74% Labor force: about 50 million in 1982 29.9% agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing; 24.4% industry, 20.3% services, trans- portation, and communication; 9.4% commerce; 7.0% social activities; 4.1% public administration; 2.9% other Organized labor: about 6 million (1982) Government Official name: Federative Republic of Brazil Type: federal republic; military-backed presidential regime since April 1964 Capital: Brasilia Political subdivisions: 23 states, 3 territories, federal district (Brasilia) Legal system: based on Latin codes; dual sys- tem of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1967 and extensively amended in 1969; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction National holiday: Independence Day, 7 Sep- tember Branches: strong executive with very broad powers; bicameral legislature (National Congress Senate, Chamber of Deputies; powers of the two bodies have been sharply reduced); 1 1-man Supreme Court Government leader: Gen. (Ret.), JoSo Baptista de Oliveira FIGUEIREDO, Presi- dent Suffrage: compulsory over age 18, except il- literates; approximately 58,200,000 eligible to vote in 1982 Elections: Figueiredo, who took office on 15 March 1979, was elected by an electoral col- lege, composed of the members of Congress and delegates selected from the state legisla- tures on 15 October 1978; next presidential election 1985 Political parties and leaders: Social Demo- cratic Party (PDS), progovernment, Jose Sarney, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Ulysses Guimaraes, president; three smaller parties are Workers Party (PT), Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), and Democratic Labor Party (PDT) Voting strength: (November 1982 federal and state elections) 37% progovernment PDS; 63% divided among four opposition parties (PMDB, PT, PTB, and PDT) Communists: 6,000, less than 1,000 militants Other political or pressure groups: the Cath- olic Church, over the years, has been a consistent critic of the regime; labor unions, at least as far as wage demands, have been active at times; business organizations can be influential, especially in the economically powerful states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC International Wheat Council, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy CNP: $295 billion, $2,360 per capita (1982 est); 19% gross investment, 82% consump- tion, 1% net foreign balance (1982 est.); real growth rate 0% (1982 est.) Agriculture: main products coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, soybeans, cotton, manioc, oranges; nearly self-sufficient Fishing: catch 858,183 metric tons (1979); ex- ports, $162 million (f.o.b., 1982); imports, $80 million (f.o.b., 1982) Major industries: textiles and other con- sumer goods, chemicals, cement, lumber, steel, motor vehicles, other metalworking in- dustries, capital goods Crude steel: 17.5 million metric tons capac- ity; 13.0 million metric tons produced (1982 est.) Electric power: 40,000,000 kW capacity (1983); 150.0 billion kWh produced (1983), 1,140 kWh per capita Exports: $20.2 billion (f.o.b., 1982); soybeans, coffee, transport equipment, iron ore, steel products, chemicals, meat, shoes, sugar Imports: $19.4 billion (f.o.b., 1982); petro- leum, machinery, chemicals, pharma- ceuticals, wheat, copper, aluminum Major trade partners: exports 20% US, 6% Netherlands, 6% FRG, 6% Japan, 5% Italy, 4% France (1982 est.); imports 40% OPEC, 15% US, 5% Japan, 4% FRG, 4% Mexico, 3% France, 3% Argentina (1982 est.) Budget: (1982 est.) revenues $25.7 billion, ex- penditures $25.7 billion (Treasury budget only) Monetary conversion rate: 842 cruzeiros=US$l (31 October 1983) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 24,600 km total; 22,450 km 1.000- meter gauge, 1,750km 1.600-meter gauge, 200 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 200 km 0.760-meter gauge; 1,050 km electrified Highways: 1,399,440 km total; 83,965 km paved, 1,315,475 km gravel or earth Inland waterways: 50,000 km navigable Ports: 8 major, 23 significant minor Pipelines: crude oil, 2,000 km; refined prod- ucts, 465 km; natural gas, 257 km Civil air: 176 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4,351 total, 3,475 usable; 264 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 22 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 417 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good telecom system; extensive radio relay facilities; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT stations with total of 3 an- tennas; 18 domestic satellite stations; 7.5 million telephones (6.3 per 100 pop!.); 1,485 AM, 150 FM, and 200 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables 29 Brazil (continued) Brunei Defense Forces Branches: Brazilian Army, Navy of Brazil, Brazilian Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 33,609,000; 22,734,000 fit for military serv- ice; 1,432,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $3.919 billion; 9.7% of central government budget (See reference map IX) Land 5,765 km 2 ; 75% forest; 22% industry, waste, urban, or other; 3% cultivable (of which only 10% is cultivated) Land boundaries: 381 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (12 nm fishing zone) Coastline: 161 km People Population: 218,000 (July 1984), average an- nual growth rate 3.9% Nationality: noun Bruneian(s); adjective Bruneian Ethnic divisions: 75% Malay, 20% Chinese, 5% other Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official reli- gion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist) Language: Malay and English official, Chi- nese Literacy: 45% Labor force: 32,155; 33.8% trade, transport, and services; 32.8% industry, manufacturing, and construction; 30.5% agriculture; 2.9% other Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force Government Official name: State of Brunei Darussalam Type: became independent 1 January 1984; constitutional sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan National holiday: National Day, 23 Febru- ary Political subdivisions: four administrative districts Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitu- tion promulgated by the Sultan in 1959 Branches: chief of state is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council), who appoints Ex- ecutive Council and Legislative Council Government leader: Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah, Sultan Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; three-tiered system of indirect elections; popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors) Elections: last elections March 1965; fur- ther elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigov- ernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, A. M. N. Azahari, chairman Communists: information not available Member of: ASEAN, INTERPOL, QIC; has applied for membership in UN Economy GDP; $19.8 billion (1981 est), $27,000 per capita (1981) Agriculture: main crops rice, pepper; must import most food Major industry: crude petroleum, liquefied natural gas, construction 30 Bulgaria Electric power: 147,000 kW capacity (1981); 415 million kWh produced (1981), 1,646 kWh per capita Exports: $18.6 billion (f.o.b., 1981 est.); 95% crude oil, liquefied natural gas, and petro- leum products Imports: $2.7 billion (c.i.f., 1981 est.); in- cludes machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, bever- ages and tobacco, mineral fuels and lubricants, rice arid other agricultural goods Major trade partners: exports of crude petro- leum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, US 24%, UK 15%, Singapore 9% Budget: (1979) revenues $883 million, expenditures $500 million, surplus $383 mil- lion; 35% defense Monetary conversion rate: 2.1313 Brunei dollars=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 13 km 0.610-meter narrow gauge private line Highways: 1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bi- tuminous treated), with another 52 km under construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters Ports: 1 major (Muara), 4 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined prod- ucts, 56 km; natural gas, 56 km; crude oil and natural gas, 241 km under construction Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for present needs; inter- national service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 17,930 telephones (8.0 per 100 popl.); Radio Brunei broadcasts from 6 AM/FM stations and 1 TV station; 32,000 radio receivers; 1 satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Royal Brunei Armed Forces, in- cluding air wing, navy, and ground forces; British Gurkha Battalion; Royal Brunei Po- lice Military manpower: males 15-49, 56,000; 34,000 fit for military service; about 2,500 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $161 million; about 12.8% of central government budget CSee reference map V) Land 110,912 km 2 ; 41% arable; 33% forest; 15% other; 11% other agricultural Land boundaries: 1,883 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 354 km People Population: 8,969,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 0.3% Nationality: noun Bulgarian(s); adjective Bulgarian Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarian, 8.5% Turk, 2.6% Gypsy, 2.5% Macedonian, 0.3% Armenian, 0.2% Russian, 0.6% other Religion: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian and other Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown Literacy: 95% (est.) Labor force: 3,997,615 (1983); 42.6% indus- try and commerce, 23.3% agriculture, 1.5% government, 32.7% other 31 Bulgaria (continued) Government Official name: People's Republic of Bulgaria Type: Communist state Capital: Sofia Political subdivisions: 28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; legal education at University of Sofia; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Liberation Day, 9 September Branches: legislative (National Assembly); ju- diciary, Supreme Court Government leaders: Todor ZHIVKOV, Chairman, State Council (President and Chief of State); Georgi (Grisha) Stanchev FILIPOV, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: held every five years for National Assembly; last election held on 7 June 1981; 99.96% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secre- tary of Permanent Board Communists: 825,81 1 party members (April 1981) Moss organizations and front groups: Fa- therland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth Union, Central Council of Trade Unions, Na- tional Committee for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Cap- italism, Committee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian- Soviet Friendship Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC International Wheat Council, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International Medical Association, International Radio and Television Organization Economy GNP: $35.3 billion, 1982 (1981 dollars), $3,963 per capita; 1982 real growth rate, 2.8% Agriculture: mainly self-sufficient; main crops grain, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, sheep, hogs, poultry, cheese, sunflower seeds Fishing: catch 144,000 metric tons (1981) Major industries: food processing, machine building, chemicals, metallurgical products, electronics, textiles and clothing Shortages: some raw materials, metal prod- ucts Crude steel: 2. 6 million metric tons produced (1982), 280 kg per capita Electric power: 9,524,000 kW capacity (1983); 41.04 billion kWh produced (1983), 4,582 kWh per capita Exports: $11.4 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 47% ma- chinery and equipment; 17% agricultural products; 13% fuels, mineral raw materials, and metals; 9% manufactured consumer goods; 10% other Imports: $1 1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1982); 46% fuels and minerals, 34% machinery and equip- ment, 5% manufactured consumer goods, 5% chemicals, 10% other (1982) Major trade partners: $21.031 billion in 1981; 54% with USSR, 21% with other Com- munist countries, 25% with non-Communist countries Monetary conversion rate:0.965 leva= US$1 (June 1983) Fiscal year: calendar year; economic data re- ported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June Communications Railroads: 4,267 km total; all government owned (1980); about 4,022 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 245 km narrow gauge; 654 km double track; 1,730 km electrified Highways: 36,058 km total; 2,910 km trunk roads, 3,833 km class I concrete, asphalt, stone block; 5,910 km class II asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 19,701 km class III earth; 3,704 km other (1983) Inland waterways: 471 km (1981) Pipelines: crude, 193 km; refined product, 418 km; natural gas, 1,120 km Freight carried: rail 81.5 million metric tons, 17.7 billion metric ton/km (1981); high- way 816 million metric tons, 16.0 billion metric ton/km (1981); waterway 4.9 mil- lion metric tons, 2.8 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic; 1981) Ports: 3 major (Varna, Varna West, Burgas), 6 minor (1981); principal river ports are Ruse and Lom (1981) Defense Forces Branches: Bulgarian People's Army, Frontier Troops, Air and Air Defense Forces, Bulgar- ian Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,166,000; 1,816,000 fit for military service; 63,000 reach military age (19) annually Ships: 2 submarines, 2 principal surface com- batants, 3 patrol combatants, 2 mine warfare ships, 16 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 25 amphibious warfare craft, 20 mina war- fare craft, 1 underway replenishment ship, 1 fleet support ship, 2 other auxiliaries Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, 1 billion leva; 5.9% of total budget 32 Burma (See reference maps VIII and IX) Land 678,576 km 2 ; 62% forest; 28% arable, of which 1 2% is cultivated; 10% urban and other Land boundaries: 5,850 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (24 nm security zone and 200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 3,060 km People Population: 36,196,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.0% Nationality: noun Burmese; adjective Burmese Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 6% Indian, 3% Chinese, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% other Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% indigenous be- liefs, Christian, or other Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Literacy: 78% Labor force: 14.19 million (1982/83); 63.6% agriculture, 12% government, 9.5% trade, 9.4% industry, 5.5% other Organized labor: Workers' Asiayone or "association" (1.56 million members) and Peasants' Asiayone (7.83 million members) integrated into sole political party (1983) Government Official name: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Type: republic under 1974 constitution Capital: Rangoon Political subdivisions: seven divisions (pre- dominantly Burman population) and seven states (based on ethnic minorities), subdi- vided into townships, village-tracts (rural) and wards (urban) Legal system: People's Justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 con- stitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 4 Jan- uary Branches: Council of State rules through a Council of Ministers; National Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw or People's Congress) has legislative power Government leader: U SAN YU, President and Chairman of Council of State Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: National Assembly and local Peo- ple's Councils elected in 1981 Political parties and leaders: government- sponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party; U Ne Win, party chairman Communists: est. 15,000 (primarily as an in- surgent group on the northeast frontier) Other political or pressure groups: Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions (all insurgent groups) Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $5.9 billion (1981/82, in current prices), $180 per capita; real growth rate 8% (1981/82) Agriculture: accounts for nearly 70% of total employment and about 27% of GDP; main crops paddy, pulses, sugarcane, beans, and peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land Fishing: catch 597,000 metric tons (1981/82) Major industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood prod- ucts; petroleum refining Electric power: 725,000 kW capacity (1981); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1981), 42 kWh per capita Exports: $405 million (1982/83); rice, teak, hardwoods, base metals, ores Imports: $845 million (c.i.f., 1982/83); ma- chinery and transportation equipment, building materials, oil industry equipment Major trade partners: exports Singapore, Western Europe, China, UK, Japan; im- ports Japan, Western Europe, Singapore, UK Budget: (1982/83) $4.7 billion est. revenues, $5.3 billion expenditures, $600 million defi- cit Monetary conversion rate: 8.1004 kyats= US$1 (October 1983) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: 4,353 km total; all government owned; 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 113km narrow-gauge industrial lines; 362 km double track 33 Burma (continued) Burundi Highways: 27,000 km total; 3,200 km bitumi- nous, 17,700 km improved earth, gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels Pipelines: crude, 530 km Ports: 4 major, 6 minor Civil air: about 17 major transport aircraft (including 3 helicopters) Airfields: 90 total, 86 usable; 22 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 38 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: provide minimum re- quirements for local and intercity service; international service is good; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas; 49,597 telephones (1982/83; 1 per 1,000 popl.); 1 AM station, no FM stations, and 2 TV stations (December 1982); 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 16,743,000; of the 8,338,000 males 15-49, 4,615,000 are fit for military service; of the 8,405,000 females 15-49, 4,638,000 are fit for military service; about 395,000 males and 385,000 females reach military age (18) annu- ally; both sexes are liable for military service (See reference map VII) Land 27,834 km 2 ; about 37% arable (about 66% cul- tivated); 23% pasture; 10% scrub and forest; 30% other Land boundaries: 974 km People Population: 4,691,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.8% Nationality: noun Burundian(s); adjective Burundi Ethnic divisions: Africans 85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pygmy); other Africans include around 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zair- ians; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians Religion: about 67% Christian (62% Roman Catholic, 5% Protestant), 32% indigenous be- liefs, about 1% Muslim Language: Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Literacy: 25% Labor force: about 1.9 million (1983); 93% agriculture, 4% government, 1.5% industry and commerce, 1.5% services Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, mem- bership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active mem- bership" have been unobtainable Government Official name: Republic of Burundi Type: republic; presidential system; previous military government overthrown in military coup in 1976 Capital: Bujumbura Political subdivisions: 15 provinces, subdi- vided into arrondissements and communes according to a 1982 redistricting Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not ac- cepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July Branches: executive (President and Cabinet); judicial; legislature (National Assembly) con- vened in 1982 Government leader: Col. Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA, President and Head of State Suffrage: universal Elections: new constitution approved by na- tional referendum in November 1981; election to National Assembly held in Octo- ber 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a Tutsi-led party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966; Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza Communists: no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with the People's Re- public of China in October 1971, following a six-year suspension; USSR, North Korea, and Romania also have diplomatic missions in Burundi 34 Cameroon Member of: AfDB, EAMA, EGA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GDP: about $1.2 billion (1982), $272 per cap- ita; 6% real growth rate (1982) Agriculture: major cash crops coffee, cot- ton, tea; main food crops manioc, yams, corn, sorghum, bananas, haricot beans; mar- ginally self-sufficient Major industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imports; public works construction; beverages Electric power: 27,000 kW capacity; 4 mil- lion kWh produced (1983), 30 million kWh imported from Zaire, 1 kWh per capita (1983) Exports: $86 million (f.o.b., 1982); coffee ), tea, cotton, hides, skins Imports: $214 million (c.i.f., 1982); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products Major trade partners: US, EEC countries Budget: (1982) revenue $126.5 million, ex