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L162 May 1985 I Contents Page Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes Abu Dhabi (see United Arab Emirates) Afghanistan Ajman (see United Arab Emirates) Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Anguilla (formerly St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla) Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Australia 1 1 Austria 1 3 Azores (see Portugal) Bahamas, The 14 Bahrain 16 Balearic Islands (see Spain) Bangladesh 17 Barbados _ 18 Belgian Congo (see Zaire) Belgium 20 Belize (formerly British Honduras) 21 Benin (formerly Dahomey) 23 Bermuda 24 Bjiutan 25 Bioko (see Equatorial Guinea) Bolivia 26 Bophuthatswana (see South Africa) Botswana 27_ Bj^zil 29 British Honduras (see Belize) British Solomon Islands (see Solomon Islands) Brunei 30 Bulgaria 32 Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) 33 Burma 34 JSurundi^ 36 Cabinda (see Angola) Cambodia (formerly Kampuchea) 37 Cameroon 38 Canada 40 Canary Islands (see Spain) Cape Verde 41 Page Central African Republic 42 Ceylon (see Sri Lanka) Chad 44 Chile 45 China (Taiwan listed at end of table) 47 Colombia 48 Comoros 50 Congo 51 Cook Islands 52 Costa Rica 53 Cuba 55 Cyprus 56 Czechoslovakia 58 Dahomey (see Benin) Denmark 59 Djibouti (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) 61 Dominica 62 Dominican Republic 63 Dubai (see United Arab Emirates) Ecuador 64 Egypt 66 Ellice Islands (see Tuvalu) El Salvador 67 Equatorial Guinea 69 Ethiopia 70 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 72 Faroe Islands 73 Fernando Po (see Equatorial Guinea) Fiji 74 Finland 75 France 77 French Guiana 78 French Polynesia 80 French Territory of the Afars and Issas (see Djibouti) Fujayrah, al (see United Arab Emirates) Gabon 81 Gambia, The 82 Gaza Strip (see West Bank and Gaza Strip, listed at end of table) German Democratic Republic 83 Germany, Federal Republic of 85 Ghana 87 Gibraltar 88 Gilbert Islands (see Kiribati) IV Page Greece 89 Greenland 91 Grenada 92 Guadeloupe 93 Guatemala 94 Guinea 96 Guinea-Bissau (formerly Portuguese Guinea) 97 Guyana 99 H Haiti 100 Honduras 101 Hong Kong 103 Hungary^ 104 Iceland 106 India 107 Indonesia 109 Iran 110 Iraq 112 Ireland 113 Israel (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) 114 Italy 116 Ivory Coast 118 Jamaica 119 Japan 121 Jordan (West Bank and Gaza Strip listed at end of table) 122 Kampuchea (see Cambodia) Kenya _ 124 Kiribati (formerly Gilbert Islands) __ 125 126 Korea, South _ _ 127 _____ Kuwait 129 L Laos 130 Lebanon _ 132 Lesotho _ 133 Liberia _ _ 135 Libya 136 Liechtenstein _ 137 ____ Luxembourg __ 139 M Macau 140 Madagascar __ 141 Madeira Islands (see Portugal) _ Malagasy Republic (see Madagascar) Malawi 143 Malaysia 144 Page Maldives 147 Mali^ 148 Malta 1 49 Martinique 150 Mauritania 152 Mauritius 153 Mexico 1 54 Monaco 156 Mongolia 157 Morocco 158 Mozambique _Jj>P_ Namibia (South- West A_f ri_ca)_ <^ 161 Nauru 162 Nepal 163 Netherlands 165 Netherlands Antilles 166 New Caledonia 168 New Hebrides (see Vanuatu) New Zealand 169 Nicaragua 170 Niger_ 172 Nigeria 173 Northern Rhodesia (see Zambia) Norway 1 75 O Oman 176 P Pakistan 178 Panama 179 Papua New Guinea 181 Paraguay 182 Pemba (see Tanzania) Peru 184 Philippines 185 Poland 186 Portugal 188 Portuguese Guinea (see Guinea-Bissau) Portuguese Timor (see Indonesia) Qatar 189 Ra's al-Khaymah (see United Arab Emirates) Reunion 190 Rhodesia (see Zimbabwe) Rio Muni (see Equatorial Guinea) Romania 192 Rwanda 193 VI ____ Page St. Christopher and Nevis (formerly St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla) ___ 194 195 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 196 Spanish Sahara (see Western Sahara) Soviet Union 210 Spain 212 Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) 214 Sudan 216 Suriname 217 Swaziland 218 Tanzania 224 Tasmania (see Australia) Thailand_ 226 Togo 227 Tonga 228 Transkei (see South Africa) Trinidad and Tobago ___ 229 Tunisia 231 Turkey 232 Turks and Caicos Islands _ 233 Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands) 234 u San Marino 197 Sao Tome and Principe 199 Saudi_Arabia_ 200 Senegal 201 Seychelles^ 202 Sharjah (see^United Arab Emirates) Sierra Leone 204 Singapore 205 Solomon Islands (formerly British Solomon Islands) 206 Somalia JJ07 South _Africa_ J209 Southern Rhodesia (see Zimbabwe) South- West Africa (see Namibia) Sweden 220 Switzerland 221 Syria 223 Tanganyika (see Tanzania) Umm al-Qaywayn (see United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, al Fujayrah, 237 Ra's al-Khaymah, Sharjah, Umm al-Qaywayn) United Arab Republic (see Egypt) vii Page United Kingdom 238 United States 240 Upper Volta (see Burkina Faso) Uruguay 241 Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides) 243 Vatican City 244 Venezuela 245 Vietnam 246 W Wallis and Futuna 247 Walvis Bay (see South Africa) Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) 248 Western Samoa 249 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) 250 Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of (South Yemen) 25 1 Yugoslavia 252 Zaire 254 Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) 255 Zanzibar (see Tanzania) Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) 257 Taiwan (China listed alphabetically) 258 West Bank and Gaza Strip 260 Appendixes A. The United Nations System 262 B. Selected UN Organizations 263 C. Selected International Organizations 26-1 D. Country Membership in Selected Organizations 266 E. Conversion Table 274 Maps I. The World (Guide to Regional Maps II-XIII) II. North America III. Central America and the Caribbean IV. South America V. Europe VI. Middle East VII. Africa VIII. Soviet Union, East and South Asia IX. Southeast Asia X. Oceania XI. Arctic Region XII. Antarctic Region XIII. Standard Time Zones of the World Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes Fiscal Year: The abbreviation FY stands for fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. GDP and GNP: GDP is the total market value of all goods and services produced within the domestic borders of a country over a particular time period, normally a year. GNP equals GDP plus the income accruing to domestic residents arising from investment abroad less income earned in the domestic market accruing to foreigners abroad. Imports, Exports, and Aid: Standard abbreviations used in individual entries throughout this factbook are c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight), f.o.b. (free on board), ODA (official development assistance), and OOF (other official flows). Land Utilization: Most of the land utilization percentages are rough estimates. Figures for "arable" land in some cases reflect the area under cultivation rather than the total cultivable area. Maritime Zones: Fishing and economic zones claimed by coastal states are included only when they differ from territorial sea limits. Maritime claims do not necessarily represent the position of the United States Government. Money: All money figures are in contemporaneous US dollars unless otherwise indicated. Oil Terms: Barrel (bbl) and barrels per day (b/d) are used to express volume of crude oil and refined products; a barrel equals 42.00 gallons, 158.99 liters, 5.61 cubic feet, or 0.16 cubic meters. Note: Some of the countries and governments included in this publication are not fully independent, and others are not officially recognized by the United States Government. Afghanistan Sttre|!onilntipVIII Land 647,497 km 2 ; about the size of Texas; 75% desert, waste, or urban; 22% arable (12% cul- tivated, 10% pasture); 3% forest Land boundaries: 5,510 km People Population: 14,792,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.7%; these estimates in- clude an adjustment for emigration to Pakistan during recent years, but they do not take into account other demographic conse- quences of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan Nationality: noun Afghan(s); adjective Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pashtun, 25% Tajik, 9% Uzbek, 9% Hazara; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baluchi, and others Religion: 74% Sunni Muslim, 25% Shi'a Mus- lim, 1% other Language: 50% Pashtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% thirty minor lan- guages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: 12% Labor force: 4.98 million (1980 est); 67.8% agriculture and animal husbandry, 10.2% in- dustry, 6.3% construction, 5.0% commerce, 7.7% services and other; current figures un- available because of fighting (1984) Organized labor: government-controlled unions are being established Government Official name: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Type': Communist regime backed by multidivisional Soviet force Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 29 provinces with cen- trally appointed governors Legal system: not established; legal educa- tion at Kabul University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Revolutionary Council acts as leg- islature and final court of appeal; President of Council acts as chief of state; Cabinet and judiciary responsible to Council; Presidium chosen by Council has full authority when Council not in session; Loya Jirga (Grand Na- tional Assembly) supposed to convene eventually and approve permanent constitu- tion Government leaders: BABRAK Karmal, President of the Revolutionary Council and head of the People's Democratic Party of Af- ghanistan (since December 1979); Soltan Ali KESHTMAND, Prime Minister (since June 1981) Suffrage: universal from age 18 Political parties and leaders: the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) is the sole legal political party; has two factions; the Parchami faction has been in power since December 1979; members of the deposed Khalqi faction continue to hold some impor- tant posts; the Sholaye-Jaweid is a much smaller pro- Beijing group Communists: the PDPA claims 120,000 members Other political or pressure groups: the mili- tary and other branches of internal security are being rebuilt by the Soviets; insurgency continues throughout the country; wide- spread opposition on religious grounds; widespread anti-Soviet sentiment Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG; suspended from OIC in January 1980 Economy GNP: $2.8 billion (FY79), $163 per capita (1984); real growth rate 2.5% (1975-79); cur- rent figures not available (1984) Agriculture: subsistence farming and animal husbandry; main crops wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, mutton Major industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and cement for domestic use; handwoven carpets for export Electric power: 465,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1984), 96 kWh per capita Exports: $680 million (f.o.b., 1984); mostly fruits and nuts, natural gas, and carpets Imports: $940 million (c.i.f., 1984); mostly food supplies and petroleum products Major trade partners: exports mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries; im- ports mostly USSR and other Eastern bloc countries Budget: current expenditure Af22.7 billion, capital expenditure Af 10.9 billion for FY82 (est.) Monetary conversion rate: 50.6 afghanis=US$l (official, February 1984) Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March Afghanistan (continued) Albania Communications Railroads: 9.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gauge, spur of Soviet line from Kushka (USSR) to Towraghondi and from Termez (USSR) to Kheyrabad Transhipment Point (15 km) on south bank Amu Darya (govern- ment owned) Highways: 18,752 km total (1978); 2,846 km hard surface, 14,035 km gravel and improved earth and unimproved earth and tracks Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles steamers up to about 500 metric tons Pipelines: natural gas, 180 km; crude oil, 68 km Ports: 3 minor river ports; largest Sher Khan Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 41 total, 35 usable; 12 with perma- nent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; tele- vision introduced in 1980; telephones 31, 200 (0.2 per 100 popl.); 5 AM and no FM stations, 1 TV station, 1 earth satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Air and Defense Forces, border guard forces, Defense of the Revolution Force, National Police Force, Government Information Service, People's Militia Military manpower: males 15-49, about 3,507,000; 1,947,000 fit for military service; about 143,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the USSR Military budget: for fiscal year ending 20 March 1984, $210 million, about 63% of cen- tral government budget Late Scur TIRANE Durres^ Adriatic Set See regional map V ta*e Ohrid Ltke Prespa Ionian Sea Land 28,748 km 2 ; slightly larger than Maryland; 43% forest and wood; 21% arable; 19% meadows and pasturef5% permanent crop; 5% inland water; 7% other Land boundaries: 716 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) People Population: 2,968,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.2% Nationality: noun Albanian(s); adjective Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian; remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state; prewar est. 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catho- lic; observances prohibited Language: Albanian (Tosk is official dialect), Greek Literacy: 75% Labor force: 584,000 (1978); about 22% agri- culture, 40% industry and commerce, 38% other (1978) Government Official name: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisions: 26 rrethet (districts) Legal system: based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assem- bly, which is not a true court; legal education at University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 November Branches: legislature (People's Assembly), Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Ramiz ALIA, Chair- man, Presidium of the People's Assembly (chief of state; since November 1982); Adil CARCANI, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier; since November 1982) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections held every four years; last elections 12 November 1982; 100% of electorate voted (with one dissenting vote) Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Ramiz Alia (since April 1985) Communists: 122,600 party members (No- vember 1981); 4.5% of population Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with USSR in 1961; officially withdrew from War- saw Pact 13 September 1968 Economy GNP: $2.15 billion (1979); $820 per capita (1981) Algeria Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops corn, wheat, potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton Major industries: agricultural products and processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries (chrome and oil) Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 1,390,000 kW capacity (1984); 4.635 billion kWh produced (1984), 1, 600 kWh per capita Exports: $151 million (1978); asphalt, bitu- men, and petroleum products; metals and metallic ores; agricultural products, includ- ing vegetables, fruits, and tobacco Imports: $137 million from OECD countries (1982); machinery, machine tools, iron and steel products, textiles, chemicals, pharma- ceuticals Major trade partners: exports Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Italy, Poland, Austria; imports Yugoslavia, Czechoslo- vakia, FRG, Poland, Italy, Greece Budget: (1982 prov.) revenue $1.30 billion, expenditure $1.29 billion; state investment $677.3 billion (1984 planned) Monetary conversion rate: 7. 1328 leks=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar year Communications Railroads: 228 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track, government owned (1980 est); claims over 400 km (1983) Highways: 4,989 km total; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sec- tions of Lake Shkoder, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa(1979) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; refined prod- ucts, 65 km; natural gas, 64 km Freight carried: rail 2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); high- ways 39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Ports: 1 major (Durres), 3 minor (1979) Civil air: no civil airline Defense Forces Branches Albanian People's Army, Frontier Troops, Interior Troops, Albanian Coastal Defense Command, Air and Air Defense Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 786,000; 669,000 fit for military service; 32,000 reach military age (19) annually Ships: 4 submarines, 2 mine warfare ships, 54 coastal patrol-river/roadstead craft, 6 mine warfare craft, 2 underway replenishment ships, 1 other auxiliary Military budget: announced for fiscal year endingSl December 1984, 1 billion leks; 11% of total budget Mediterranean Sea See regional map VII Land 2,381 ,47 1km 2 ; more than three times the size of Texas; 80% desert, waste, or urban; 16% pasture and meadows; 3% cultivated; 1% forest Land boundaries: 6,260 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km People Population: 22,025,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.1% Nationality: noun Algerian(s); adjective Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab- Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Sunni Muslim (state religion); 1% Christian and Jewish Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 46% Labor force: 3.7 million (1984); 40% industry and commerce, 30% agriculture, 17% gov- ernment, 10% services; at least 11% of urban labor unemployed Algeria (continued) Organized labor: 16-19% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front Government Official name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 48 wilayas (depart- ments or provinces); 160 dairat (admin- istrative districts); 691 communes Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitu- tion adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of vari- ous public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court di- vided into four chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran, and Constan- tine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 Novem- ber Branches: executive; unicameral legislature (National People's Assembly); judiciary Government leaders: Col. Chadli BENDJEDID, President (since February 1979); Abdelhanio BRAHIM, Prime Minister (since January 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential 12 January 1984; departmental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative 5 March 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Liber- ation Front (FLN), secretary General Chadli Bendjedid Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Member of: Af DB, AIOEC, Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, QIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy GDP: $51.9 billion (1984 est.), $2,430 per capita; 4.0% real growth in 1984 Agriculture: main crops wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus fruits, dates, veg- etables, sheep, cattle, industrial crops Major industries: petroleum, light indus- tries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, automotive plants (under con- struction), and food processing Crude steel: 842,000 metric tons produced (1982) Electric power: 3,113,000 kW capacity (1984); 12.546 billion kWh produced (1984), 587 kWh per capita Exports: $12.6 billion (f.o.b., 1984); major items petroleum and gas 98.0%; US 39.0%, France 23.0% (1984) Imports: $10.0 billion (f.o.b., 1984); major items capital goods 35.0%, semifinished goods 25.0%, foodstuffs 18.0%; France 25.7%, US 6.0% Major trade partners: US, FRG, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada Budget: $20 billion revenue, $20 billion expenditure (1984) Monetary conversion rate: 5.01 Algerian dinars=US$l (August 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 3,908 km total; 2,659 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 1,129 km 1.055-meter gauge, 120 km 1.000-meter gauge; 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,410 km total; 45,070 km con- crete or bituminous, 33,340 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 6,612 km; refined prod- ucts, 298 km; natural gas, 2,948 km Ports: 6 major, 6 secondary, 10 minor Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft Airfields: 161 total, 153 usable; 55 with per- manent-surface runways; 28 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 72 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,722,000; 2,919,000 fit for military service; 239,000 reach military age (19) annually Andorra See regional map V Land 466 km 2 ; half the size of New York City Land boundaries: 105 km People Population: 47,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 5.4% Nationality: noun Andorran(s); adjec- tive Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 61 % Spanish, 30% Andorran, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan (official); many also speak some French and Castilian Literacy: 100% Labor force: unorganized (unions prohib- ited); largely shepherds and farmers Government Official name: Principality of Andorra Type: unique co-principality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Span- ish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers Capital: Andorra la Vella Political subdivisions: 7 districts Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative (General Council of the Valleys) consisting of 28 members; execu- tive syndic (manager) and a deputy subsyndic chosen by General Council; judi- ciary chosen by Co-princes who appoint two civil judges, a judge of appeals, and two batlles (court prosecutors); final appeal to the Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan, France, or to the Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain Government leaders: head of state Francois MITTERRAND (President of France; since 1981) and Juan Marti ALANIS (Bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain; since 1971), Co-Princes; Syndic Francesc CERQUEDA Pasquet (since 1982); Subsyndic Josep Maria MAS Pons (since 1982); head of gov- ernmentOscar RIBAS Reig (Chief Executive; since 1982) Suffrage: those of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members Elections: General Council chosen every four years; last election December 1981 Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but only partisans for par- ticular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups devel- oped in 1972; first formal political party Andorran Democratic Association formed in 1976, reorganized in 1979 as Andorran Democratic Party Communists: negligible Member of: UNESCO Economy Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism (particularly ski- ing), sheep, timber, tobacco, and smuggling Electric power: 35,000 kW capacity (1984); 140 million kWh produced (1984), 3,121 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France Monetary conversion rate: 9.375 French francs=US$l (October 1984); 169.96 Spanish pesetas=US$l (October 1984) Communications Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international landline circuits to Spain and France; 1 AM station, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; about 12,800 tele- phones (43.5 per 100 popl.); about 7,000 radio receivers (1982) Defense Forces Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed Angola Sec regional map VII Land 1,246,700 km 2 ; larger than California and Texas combined; 44% forest; 22% meadow and pasture; 1 % cultivated; 33% other (in- cluding fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 20 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,600km People Population: 7,953,000, including Cabinda (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.7%; Cabinda, 129,000(July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.2% Nationality: noun Angolan(s); adjecti Angolan Ethnic divisions: 38% Ovimbundu, 23% Kimbundu, 13% Bakongo, 2% Mestico, 1% European Religion: 68% Roman Catholic, 20% Protes- tant, about 10% indigenous beliefs Language: Portuguese (official); various Bantu dialects ' Literacy: 20% Labor force: 1,865,000 economically active (mid-1980 est); 60% agriculture, 15% industry Organized labor: approx. 450,695 (1980) Government Official name: People's Republic of Angola Type: people's republic Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 18 provinces includ- ing the coastal exclave of Cabinda Legal system: formerly based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; being modified along "socialist" model National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution; legislative National People's Assembly Government leader: Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS, President (since September 1979) Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Popular Move- ment for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), led by dos Santos, only legal party; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), defeated in civil war, carrying out insurgen- Member of: Af DB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $4.2 billion (1981 est.), $550 per capita, 0.1% real growth (1981) Agriculture: cash crops coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 1 12,000 metric tons (1982) Major industries: mining (oil, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar pro- cessing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 630,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.650 billion kWh produced (1984), 212 kWh per capita Exports: est. $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1983); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish prod- ucts, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton Imports: est. $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); capital equipment (machinery and electrical equip- ment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975-77 Major trade partners: Cuba, USSR, Portugal, and US Budget: (1981) est. reserve $2.0 billion; est. total expenditures $3.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: 30.214 kwanza=US$l (December 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067- meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter gauge Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bitumi- nous-surface treatment, 29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,165 km navigable Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Namibe), 5 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft Airfields: 354 total, 272 usable; 26 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 68 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Anguilla Telecommunications: fair system of wire, radio-relay and troposcatter routes; HF used extensively for military /Cuban links; 2 At- lantic Ocean satellite stations; 40,300 telephones (0.7 per lOOpopl.); 16AM, 13 FM, and 2 TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force/Air De- fense; paramilitary forces Peoples' Police Corps, Peoples' Defense Organization, Fron- tier Guard Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,757,000; 885,000 fit for military service; 74,000 reach military age (20) annually Prickly Pear Cays THE VALLEY Caribbean Sea See rpRionil map III Land Anguilla, 91 km 2 ; about one-half the size of Washington, D.C.; Sombrero, 5 km 2 People Population: 7,000 (1982 est.) Nationality: noun Anguillan(s); adjec- tive Anguillan Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Religion: Anglican and Methodist Language: English (official) Literacy: 80% Labor force: 2,000 Anguillans living overseas send remittances home; high unemployment (40% in 1977) Organized labor: none Government Official name: Anguilla Type: British dependent territory Capital: The Valley Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into effect on 1 April 1982 Branches: 11-member House of Assembly, seven-member Executive Council Government leaders: Allistair BAILLE, Governor (since February 1984); Emile GUMBS, Chief Minister (since March 1984) Suffrage: native born; resident before sepa- ration from St. Christopher-Nevis; 15 years residence for "belonger" status Elections: general election, March 1984 Political parties and leaders: Anguilla Na- tional Alliance (ANA), Emile Gumbs; Anguillan People's Party (APP), Ronald Webster Voting strength: ANA, 4 seats; APP, 2 seats; 1 independent Communists: none Member of: Commonwealth Economy GDP: unknown (January 1985) Agriculture: pigeon peas, corn, sweet pota- toes, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, poultry Fishing: inshore and reef fishing; catch un- known Major industries: lobster exports, tourism, salt Electric power: 1,500,000 kW capacity (1984); 2 million kWh produced (1984), 285 kWh per capita Exports: lobsters Budget: revenue, EC $9,899,801 (1982); ex- penditure, EC $10,759,868 (1982); grant-in- aid, EC $1,081,000 (1982) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean dollars=$USl (February 1984) Fiscal year: probably calendar Anguilla (continued) Antigua and Barbuda Communications Railroads: none Highways: approximately 60 km surfaced Inland waterways: none Ports: I major (Road Bay), 1 minor (Blowing Point) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfield: 1 with permanent-surface runways of 1,100 m at Wallblake Airport Telecommunications: modem internal tele- phone system (1,200 telephones est.); 1 radio broadcasting service Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of UK Branches: Police drington Barbuda Caribbean Sea SAINT JOHN'S, Antigua tRedonda See regional mtp III Land 280 km 2 ; less than two-thirds the size of New York City; 54% arable; 18% waste and built on; 14% forest; 9% unused but potentially productive; 5% pasture; the islands of Re- donda (less than 2.6 km and uninhabited) and Barbuda (161 km) are dependencies Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm economic zone) Coastline: 153 km People Population: 80,000 (July 19&5), average an- nual growth rate 0% Nationality: noun Antiguan(s); adjective Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Anglican (predominant), other Protestant sects, some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 88% Organized labor: 18,000, 22-26% unemploy- ment (1983 est.) Government Official name: Antigua and Barbuda Type: independent state recognizing Eliza- beth II as Chief of State Capital: St. John's Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 depen- dencies (Barbuda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate juris- diction, consists of Chief Justice and five justices Branches: bicameral legislative, 17-member popularly elected House of Representatives and 17-member Senate; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Vere Cornwall BIRD, Sr., Prime Minister (since 1976); Lester BIRD, Deputy Prime Minister (since 1976); Sir Wilfred Elx>nezer JACOBS, Governor General (since 1967) Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every five years; last general elec- tion 17 April 1984 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; United People's Movement (UPM), George Herbert Walter; Progressive Labor Move- ment (PLM), Robert Hall Voting strength: (1984 election) House of Representatives ALP, 16 seats; indepen- dent, 1 seat Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small leftist nationalist group led by Leonard "Tim" Hector Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, G-77, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ISO, OAS, UN, UNESCO Argentina Economy GDP: $129.5 million (1982), $1,682 per capita Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industries: tourism, cotton production Electric power: 43,000 kW capacity (1984); 61 million kWh produced (1984), 756 kWh per capita Exports: $34.5 million (1985); clothing, rum, lobsters Imports: $138.1 million (c.i.f., 1982); fuel, food, machinery Major trade partners: 30% UK, 25% US, 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries (1975) Aid: economic bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (1970-80) from Western (non-US) countries, $20 million; no military aid Budget: (current) revenues, $107.5 million (1983); expenditures, $124.5 million (1983) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Carib- bean (EC) dollars=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-30 March Communications Railroads: 64 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, 13 km 0.610-meter gauge, employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 240 km main Ports: 1 major (St. Johns), 1 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2lo(a\, 1 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 6,700 telephones (9.2 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Gua- deloupe; 5 AM and 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable; about 19,000 radio and 16,000 television receivers (1982) Defense Forces Branches: Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force Major ground units: Defense Force Aircraft: none 900km See regional map IV Land 2,766,889 km 2 ; four times the size of Texas; 57% agricultural (46% natural meadow, 11% crop, improved pasture, and fallow); 25% for- est; 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km People Population: 30,708,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.6% Nationality: noun Argentine(s); adjec- tive Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other non white groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French Literacy: 94% Argentina (continued) Labor force: 1 1.2 million (1982 est); 19% ag- riculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communi- cations, 19% o'ther; 6% estimated unem- ployment (1982 est.) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) Government Official name: Argentine Republic Type: republic; changed from military to ci- vilian government in December 1983 Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: mixture of US and West Euro- pean legal systems; constitution adopted 1853 is in effect; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory IOJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: executive (President, Vice Presi- dent, Cabinet); legislative (National Congress Senate, Chamber of Deputies); national judiciary Government leaders: Raul ALFONSIN, President (since December 1983); Victor MARTINEZ, Vice President (since Decem- ber 1983) Elections: general elections held 30 October 1983; next congressional elections scheduled for 1985 Political parties: operate under statute passed in 1983 that sets out criteria for par- ticipation in national elections; Radical Civic Union (UCR) moderately left of center; Justicialist Party (JP) Peronist umbrella po- litical organization; Movement for Industrial Development (MID); Intransigent Party (PI); several provincial parties Communists: some 70,000. members in vari- ous party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist- dominated labor movement. General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' associa- tion), Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association), business organiza- tions, students, the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC Inter- national Whaling Commission, IWC International Wheat Council, LAIA, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG Economy GNP: $58.2 billion (1982), $1,995 per capita; 80% consumption, 14% investment; 6% net exports; real GDP growth rate 1983, 3.1% Agriculture: main products cereals, oil- seed, livestock products; major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 475,770 metric tons (1982); ex- ports $177.3 million (1983 est.) Major industries: food processing (especially meat packing), motor vehicles, consumer du- rables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 1.8 thousand metric tons pro- duced (1984) Electric power: 13,661,000 kW capacity (1984); 39.5 billion kWh produced (1984), 1,312 kWh per capita Exports: $7.8 billion (f.o.b., 1983); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseed Imports: $4.5 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery, lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Major trade partners: (1983) exports 20% USSR, 9% Brazil, 9% Netherlands, 9% US, 6% Italy, 6% FRG, 5% Japan, 2% Spain; im- ports 22% US, 10% Brazil, 10% FRG, 6% Japan, 6% Italy, 2% Chile Budget: (1983) general government revenues $15.8 billion; expenditures $22.2 billion at average annual exchange rate Monetary conversion rate: 104.2 pesos argentinos=US$l (October 1984); Argentina redenominated its currency 1 June 1983; 10,000 pesos=l peso argentino Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 35,476 km total; 3,086 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, 22,788 km 1.676- meter broad gauge, 13,461 km 1.000-meter gauge, 403 km 0.750-meter gauge; of total in country, 116 km are electrified Highways: 208, 100 km total, of which 47,550 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 101 ,000 km im- proved earth, 20,300 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 11,000km navigable Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km re- fined products; 9,918 km natural gas Ports: 7 major, 30 minor Civil air: 54 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,840 total, 1,694 usable; 125 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,695 m, 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 324 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: extensive modern sys- tem; telephone network has 3.23 million sets (10.3 per 100 popl.), radio relay widely used; 2 satellite stations with 3 Atlantic Ocean an- tennas; 154 AM, 45 FM, and 191 TV stations; 30 station network domestic satellite 10 Australia Defense Forces Branches: Argentine Army, Navy of the Ar- gentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture, National Aeronautical Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,601,000; 6,168,000 fit for military service; 251,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed defense budget for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $2.0 billion; 12.9% of central government budget Coral Sea ' Indian Ocean See regional map X Bight*', "*^ boume r\^Tasman Sea Land 7,686,848 km 2 ; almost as large as the continential US; 58% pasture; 6% arable; 2% forest; 34% other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm; prawn and crayfish on conti- nental shelf) Coastline: about 25,760 km People Population: 15,658,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.3% Nationality: noun Australian(s); adjec- tive Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine Religion: 27.7% Anglican, 25.7% Roman Catholic, 25.2% other Protestant Language: English, native languages Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 7.2 million (November 1984); 8.7% unemployment (December 1984) Organized labor: 57% of total employees (December 1982) Government Official name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal parliamentary state recogniz- ing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territo- ries Australian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpreta- tion of the constitution; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Australia Day, 26 January Branches: bicameral legislature (Federal Parliament Senate and House of Represen- tatives); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Sir Ninian STEPHEN, Governor General (since July 1982); Robert HAWKE, Prime Minister (since March 1983) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: held at three-year intervals or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election 1 December 1984 Political parties and leaders: government Australian Labor Party (Robert Hawke); op- position Liberal Party (Andrew Peacock), National Party (Ian Sinclair), Australian Democratic Party (Donald L. Chipp), Nu- clear Disarmament Party (Michael Denborough) Voting strength: (1984 parliamentary elec- tion) House of Representatives Labor Party 82 seats, Liberal-National coalition 66 seats; Senate Labor Party 34 seats, Liberal-Coun- try coalition 33 seats, Australian Democratic Party 7 seats, Nuclear Disarmament Party 1 seat, independents 1 seat Communists: 4,000 members (est.) 11 Australia (continued) Other political or pressure groups: Austra- lian Democratic Lalxir Party (anti- Communist Labor Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, A1OEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC International Whal- ing C Commission, IWC International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GDP: $14-1.1 billion (1983), $9,440 per cap- ita; 62% private consumption, 17.5% government expenditure, 21% investment; 2.2% real average annual growth (1976-82) Agriculture: large areas devoted to grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in fcxxl Major industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 5.6 million metric tons produced (1983) Electric power: 28,950,000 kW capacity (1984); 107.4 billion kWh produced (1984), 6,950 kWh per capita Exports: $20.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal products coal, wool, wheat, iron ore, beef Imports: $19.4 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal products manufactured raw materials, capital equipment, consumer goods Major trade partners: (1982-83) exports 26% Japan, 12% US, 6% New Zealand, 4% North Korea, 4% Singapore, 3% USSR; im- ports 21 % US, 21% Japan, 6% UK, 6% FRG, 4% New Zealand Aid: donor ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-82), $5.7 billion Budget: (FY83-84) expenditures, A$56.7 bil- lion; receipts, A$48.3 billion; deficit, A$8.4 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1.23 Australian dollar=US$l (1 January 1985) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June Communications Railroads: 42,855 km total (1980); 9,689 km 1.600-meter gauge, 15,783 km 1.435-meter* standard gauge, 17,383km 1.067-meter gauge; 900 km electrified (June 1979); gov- ernment owned (except for a few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) Highways: 837,872 km total (1980); 243,750 km paved, 228,396 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 365,726 km unim- proved earth Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft Pipelines: crude oil, 2,400 km; refined prod- ucts, 500 km; natural gas, 5,600 km Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Civil air: around 150 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,067 total, 1,023 usable; 220 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 18 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 502 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: very good interna- tional and domestic service; 7.4 million telephones(52 per 100 popl.); 223 AM, 5 FM, and 111 TV stations; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam Defense Forces Branches: Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,158,000; 3,542,000 fit for military service; 139,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $5.3 billion; about 9.1% of total central government budget 12 Austria See rf ional mip V Land 83,835 km-; slightly smaller than Maine; 38% forest; 26% meadow and pasture; 20% culti- vated; 15% waste or urban; 1% inland water Land boundaries: 2,582 km People Population: 7,540,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0% Nationality: noun Austrian(s); adjective Austrian Ethnic divisions: 99.4% German, 0.3% Cro- atian, 0.2% Slovene, 0.1% other Religion: 88% Roman Catholic, 6% Protes- tant, 6% none or other Language: German Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2.9 million (1983); 41.1% indus- try and crafts, 57.55% services, 1.35% agriculture and forestry; 4.1% unemployed (October 1984); an estimated 200,000 Austri- ans are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 142,030(1984) Organized lalxir: 61.4% of wage and salary workers (1983) Government Official name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states (lander) in- cluding the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated 1945; judicial review of legis- lative actsby a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal education at Universities of Vi- enna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory 1C) jurisdiction National holiday: 26 October Branches: bicameral legislature (Federal As- sembly Federal Council, National Council), directly elected President whose functions are largely representational, inde- pendent federal judiciary Government leaders: Rudolf KIRCH- SCHLAGER, President (since July 1974); Fred SINOWATZ, Chancellor (since May 1983), leads a Socialist/Freedom Party of Austria coalition Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presidential elections Elections: presidential, every six years (next 1986); parliamentary, every four years (next 1987) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPO), Fred Sinowatz, chairman; Austrian People's Party (OVP), Alois Mock, chairman; Liberal Party (FPO), Norbert Steger, chairman; Communist Party (KPO), Franz Muhri, chairman; Alternative List Austria (ALO), no leader; United Greens (VGO), Josef Buchner, leader Voting strength: (1983 election, prelimi- nary) parliamentary SPO 47.&5%, OVP 43.22%, FPO 4.98%, VGO 1.93%, ALO 1.26%, KPO 0.66% Communists: meml>ership 15,000 est.; activ- ists 7,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Aus- trian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Aus- trian People's Party (OVP) representing business, lal>or, and farmers; theOVP- oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IDB Inter-American Devel- opment Bank, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WSG Economy GNP: $67.24 billion (1983), $8,904 per cap- ita; 57% private consumption, 19% public consumption, 22%- investment; 1983 real GNP growth rate, 1.9% Agriculture: livestock, forest products, cere- als, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient Major industries: foods, iron and steel, ma- chinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp; beer sales, 7,682,150 hectoliters (1981) Crude steel: 4.4 million metric tons produced (1983) Electric power: 14,610,000 kW capacity (1984); 43.750 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,800 kWh per capita Exports: $15.43 billion (f.o.b., 1983); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals Imports: $19.40 billion (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery and equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs, cars 13 Austria (continued) The Bahamas Major trade partners: (1983) imports 41.5% FRG, 8.9% Italy, 6.2% East Europe (excluding USSR), 4.8% Switzerland, 4.3% USSR, 3.4% US, exports 30.8% FRG, 8.9% Italy, 8.2% East Europe (excluding USSR), 7.4% OPEC, 6.8% Switzerland Aid: donor bilateral economic aid commit- ments (OD A and OOF), $ 1 . 1 billion ( 1 970-82) Budget: expenditures, $24.31 billion; reve- nues, $19.03 billion; deficit, $5.28 billion (1984) Monetary conversion rate: 17.96 schillings=US$l (1983 average); 20.50 shillings=US$l (third quarter 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 6,497 km total; 5.857 km govern- ment owned; 5,403 km 1.435-meter standard gauge of which 3,017 km electrified and 1,520 km double tracked; 454 km 0.760- meter narrow gauge of which 91 km electri- fied; 640 km privately owned 1.435- and 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 95,412 km total; 34,612 km are the classified network (including 1,012 km of autobahn, 10,400 km of federal and 23,200 km of provincial roads); of this number, ap- proximately 21,812 km are paved and 12,800 km are unpaved; additionally, there are 60,800km of communal roads(mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,61 1 km natural gas; 171 km refined products Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 55 total, 53 usable; 17 with perma- nent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 160 AM, 536 FM, and 988 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT sta- tion; 3.33 million telephones (44.1 per 100 popl.) Defense Forces Branches: Army, Flying Division Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,944,000; 1,646,000 fit for military service; 65,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $770 million; about 3.6% of the proposed federal budget 200km Great Inagua See regional mip 111 Land 13,934 km 2 ; about the size of Connecticut; nation is made up an archipelago of some 700 islands and keys; 29% forest; 1% cultivated; 70% built on, wasteland, and other Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Island, 76km) People Population: 232,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.0% Nationality: noun Bahamian(s); adjec- tive Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 85% black, 15% white Religion: Baptist 29%, Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 22%, smaller groups of other Protes- tants, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English; some Creole among Haitian immigrants Literacy: 89% Labor force: 82,000(1982); 30% government, 25% hotels and restaurants, 10% business ser- vices, 6% agriculture; 30% unemployment (1983) Organized labor: 25% organized 14 Government Official name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth rec- ognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law National holiday: Independence Day, 10 July Branches: bicameral legislature (Parlia- ment apppointed Senate, elected House of Assembly); executive (Prime Minister and Cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Lynden Oscar PIND- LING, Prime Minister (since 1969); Sir Gerald C. CASH, Governor General (since 1979) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly (June 1982); next election due constitutionally in five years Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Free National Move- ment (FNM), Kendal Isaacs, Cecil Wallace- Whitfield Voting strength: 73,309 registered voters (July 1977); (1982 election) House of Assem- bly PLP (55%) 32 seats, FNM (45%) 11 seats, others (3%) seats Communists: none known Other political or pressure group: Vanguard Nationalist and Socialist Party (VNSP), a small leftist party headed by John McCartney Member of: CARICOM, CDB, Common- wealth, FAO, G-77, GATT(de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDB Inter-American Development Bank, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAS, PAHO, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $1.4 billion (1982), $6,581 per capita; real growth rate 2% (1982) Agriculture: food importer; main crops fish, fruits, vegetables Major industries: banking, tourism, cement, oil refining and transhipment, lumber, salt production, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuti- cals, spiral weld, and steel pipe Electric power: 348,000 kW capacity (1984); 880 million kWh produced (1984), 3,860 kWh per capita Exports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1983); pharma- ceuticals, cement, rum, crayfish Imports: $3.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); food stuffs, manufactured goods, mineral fuels Major trade partners: exports US 90%, UK 10%; imports Iran 30%, Nigeria 20%, US 10%, EC 10%, Gabon 10% (1981) Aid: economic bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im (1970-82), from US, $42 million; from other Western countries (1970- 82), $136 million; no military aid Budget: (1982 actual) revenues, $305 million; expenditures, $369 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: none Highways: 2,400 km total; 1,350 km paved, 1,050 km gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 61 total, 56 usable; 29 with perma- nent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 78,150 tele- phones(35 per lOOpopl.) in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Flor- ida; 3 AM and 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 3 coaxial submarine cables Defense Forces Branches: Royal Bahamas Defense Force (a coast guard element only), Royal Bahamas Police Force Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982 $28.7 million, about 7.7% of the total budget 15 Bahrain Persian Gull See regional map VI Land 676 km- plus group of 32 smaller islands; smaller (ban New York City; 5% cultivated, negligible forest; remainder desert, waste, or urban Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km People Population: 427,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 3.8% Nationality: noun Bahraini(s); adjective Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 63% Bahrain!, 13% Asian, 10% other Arab, 8% Iranian, 6% other Religion: Muslim (60% Shi'a, 40% Sunni) Language: Arabic (official); English also widely spoken; Farsi, Urdu Literacy: 40% Labor force: 140,000(1982); 42% of lalx>r force is Bahrain!; 85% industry and com- merce, 5% agriculture, 5% services, 3% government Government Official name: State of Bahrain Type : traditional monarchy; independent since 1971 Capital: Manama Legal system: based on Islamic law and En- glish common law; constitution went into effect Decemlxr 1973 National holiday: 16 December Branches: Amir rules with help of a Cabinet led by Prime Minister; Amir dissolved the National Assembly in August 1975 and sus-. pended the constitutional provision for election of the Assembly; independent judi- ciary Government leader: Isa bin Sulman Al KHALIFA, Amir (since November 1961) Suffrage: none Political parties and pressure groups: politi- cal parties prohibited; several small, clandestine leftist and Shi'a fundamentalist groups are active Communists: negligible Memher of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT(de facto), GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDB Islamic Development Bank, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $4.0 billion at current prices ( 1 982 est. ), $10,000 per capita; real growth rate 9% (1981) Agriculture: not self-sufficient in food pro- duction; produces some fruit and vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; shrimping and fishing Major industries: petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore bank- ing, ship repairing Electric power: 1,408,000 kW capacity (1984); 5.952 billion kWh pnxluced (1984), 1 4,480 kWh per capita Exports: $3.2 billion (f.o.b., 1983); nonoil ex- ports $614 million (1983); oil exports $2.6 billion (1983) Imports: $3.3 billion (c.i.f., 1983); nonoil im- ports $1.9 billion (1983); oil imports $1.4 billion (1983) Major trade partners: Japan, UK, US, Saudi Arabia Budget :( 1983) $843 million current expendi- ture, $691 million capital Monetary conversion rate: 0.376 Bahrain dinar=US$l (December 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: none Highways: 225 km bituminous surfaced; un- determined mileage of natural surface tracks; 25 km bridge-causeway to Saudi Ara- bia is under construction with completion scheduled for January 1986 Ports: 1 major (Bahrain), 1 minor, 1 petro- leum, oil, and lubricant terminal Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km'; refined prod- ucts, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km Civil air: 3 major transix>rt aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 in; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent interna- tional telecommunications; adequate domestic services; 86,000 telephones (24.4 per 1 00 popl. ); 2 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 AtlanticOcean, 1 Indian Ocean, and 1 Arab satellite station; tropospheric scatter and mi- crowave to Oatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia 16 Bangladesh Defense Forces Branches: Army, Naval Wing, Air Wing Military manpower: males 15-49, 121,000; 71,000 fit for military service Supply: from several West European coun- tries, especially France and UK Bay of Bengal See regional map VIII Land 143,998 km 2 ; slightly smaller than Wisconsin; 66% arable (including cultivated and fallow); 18% uncultivated (not available); 16% forest Land boundaries: 2,535 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 580 km People Population: 101 ,408,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.8% Nationality: noun Bangladeshi(s); adjec- tive Bangladesh Ethnic divisions: 98% Bengali; 250,000 "Biharis" and fewer than one million tribals Religion: 83% Muslim, about 16% Hindu, less than 1% Buddhist, Christian, and other Language: Bangla (official), English widely used Literacy: 25% Labor force: 32.4 million (FY83); extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, and Kuwait; 74% of labor force is in agricul- ture, 15% services, 11% industry and commerce (FY8 1/82) Government Official name: People's Republic of Bangla- desh Type: republic; under martial law since 24 March 1982 Capital: Dhaka Political subdivisions: 21 districts, to be re- vised to approximately 370 thanas (rural townships), consisting of 4,470 unions (village groupings) Legal system: martial law currently prevails and civilian legal system suspended; tradi- tionally based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritar- ian presidential system; changed by proclamation in April 1977 to reflect Islamic- character of nation; further change, by proc- lamation in December 1978, to provide for the appointments of the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister, as well as other ministers of Cabinet rank, and to further de- fine the powers of the President National holiday: National Day, 26 March Branches: constitution (currently suspended) provides for unicameral legislature (Parlia- ment), strong President; independent judiciary; President has substantial control over the judiciary Government leaders: Lt. Gen. Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD, President and Chief Martial Law Administrator (since March 1982) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: some local elections held in De- cember 1983; higher local elections scheduled for December 1984 postponed; presidential and parliamentary elections may be held in 1985 Political parties and leaders: Bangladesh Na- tionalist Party, Begum Ziaur Rahman; Awami League, Sheikh Hasina Wazed; United People's Party, Kazi Zafar Ahmed; 17 Bangladesh (continued) Barbados Democratic League, Khondakar Mushtaque Ahmed; Muslim League, Khan A. Sabur; Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (National Socialist Party), M. A. Jalil; Bangladesh Communist Party (pro-Soviet), Mohammad Farhad; nu- merous small parties; political activity banned following March 1982 coup; ban lifted in March 1984 Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Member of: ADB, Afro- Asian People's Soli- darity Organization, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IRC, ITU, NAM, QIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WFTU, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $11.6 billion (FY83, current prices), $121 per capita; real growth, 5.1% (FY83) Agriculture: large-scale subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; shortages grain, cotton, and oilseed Fishing: catch 426,000 metric tons (1982) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing, and cotton textiles Electric power: 1,025,000 kW capacity (1984); 3.86 billion kWh produced (1984), 39 kWh per capita Exports: $650 million (f.o.b., FY83); raw and manufactured jute, leather, tea Imports: $2.3 billion (c.i.f., FY83); food- grains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manu- factured products Major trade partners: exports US 10%, Mo- zambique 7%, Iran 6.1%, Pakistan 5%, Sudan 5%; imports Western Europe 16%, Japan 12%, US 6% (FY83) Budget: (FY83) current expenditures, $800 million; capital expenditures, $1.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 25.65 takas= US$1 (October 1984) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June Communications Railroads: 4,085 km total (1980); 2,198 km 1.000-meter gauge, 1,852km 1.676-meter broad gauge, 35 km 0.762-meter narrow gauge, 300 km double track; government owned Highways: 45,633 km total; 4,076 km paved, 2,693 km gravel, 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major (Chittagong), 2 minor Pipelines: 610 km natural gas Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 18 total, 13 usable; 14 with perma- nent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate interna- tional radio communications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 100,000 (est.) telephones (0. 1 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 6 FM, 7 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force; paramili- tary forces Bangladesh Rifles, Bangladesh Ansars, Armed Police Reserve, Coastal Police Military manpower: males 15-49, 23,961,000; 14,738,000 fit for military ser- vice Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1985, $279 million; about 10% of central government budget North Atlantic Ocean 5 fcm The Crane See regional map III Land 430 km 2 ; about half the size of New Yojk City; 60% crop; 30% unused, built on, or waste; 10% meadow Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 97 km People Population: 252,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.3% Nationality: noun Barbadian(s); adjec- tive Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 16% mixed, 4% European Religion: 70% Anglican, 9% Methodist, 4% Roman Catholic, 17% other, including Mora- vian Language: English Literacy: 99% Labor force: 103,900(1982); 65.6% services and government, 24.6% industry and com- merce, 9.8% agriculture; 11% unemploy- ment (1979) Organized labor: 32% 18 Government Official name: Barbados Type: independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 1 1 parishes and city of Bridgetown Legal system: English common law; con- stitution came into effect upon indepen- dence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 30 November Branches: bicameral legislature (Parlia- ment 21-member appointed Senate and 27-member elected House of Assembly); Cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leaders: Bernard St. John, Act- ing Prime Minister; Sir Hugh SPRINGER, Governor General (since 1984) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly members have terms no longer than five years; last general election held 18 June 1981 Political parties and leaders: Barbados La- bor Party (BLP; leader not yet named [former leader was Prime Minister Tom Ad- ams, who died in March 1985]); Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow Voting strength: (1981 election) BLP, 52.4%; DLP, 46.8%; independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats BLP 17, DLP 10 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Move- ment for National Liberation (MONALI), Ricky Parris; People's Progressive Move- ment, Bobby Clarke; People's Pressure Movement, Eric Sealy Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDB Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, IWC International Wheat Council, NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy GDP: $997.5 million (1982), $3,977 per cap- ita; real GDP growth rate -2.7% (1982) Agriculture: main products -sugarcane, subsistence foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, light manufacturing, component assembly for export Electric power: 146,000 kW capacity (1984); 339 million kWh produced (1984), 1,345 kWh per capita Exports: $358.7 million (f.o.b., 1983); sugar and sugarcane byproducts, electrical parts, clothing Imports: $572 million (f.o.b., 1983); food stuffs, consumer durables, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: exports 36% US, 27% CARICOM, UK; imports 34% US, 18% CARICOM, UK, Canada (1980) Aid: economic bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-Im (FY70-82), from US, $10 million; ODA and OOF commitments from other Western countries (1970-82), $84 mil- lion; no military aid Budget: (1983) revenues, $242 million; ex- penditures, $247.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.989 Barbados dollars=US$l (November 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: none Highways: 1 ,533 km total; 1 ,476 km paved, 7 km unpaved, 3 km four-lane highways under construction, 96 km gravel and earth Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 72,850 telephones (27.9 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad and St. Lucia; UHF/VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Branches: Barbados Defense Force, Royal Barbados Police Force Major ground units: Defense Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 67,000; 48,000 fit for military service; no conscrip- tion 19 Belgium See regional map V Land 30,540 km 2 ; slightly larger than Maryland; 28% cultivated; 24% meadow and pasture; 20% forest; 28% waste, urban, or other Land boundaries: 1,377 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 64 km People Population: 9,856,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0% Nationality: noun Belgian(s); adjective Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Fleming, 33% Wal- loon, 12% mixed or other Religion: 75% Roman Catholic, remainder Protestant, none, or other Language: 56% Flemish (Dutch), 32% French, 1% German; 11% legally bilingual; divided along ethnic lines Literacy: 98% Labor force: 4 million (1983); 36% transporta- tion, 33% industry and commerce, 21% public services, 2.3% agriculture; 11% unem- ployed (1983) Organized labor: 70% of labor force Government Official name: Kingdom of Belgium Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions: nine provinces; as of 1 October 1980, Wallonia and Flanders have regional "subgovernments ' with elected re- gional councils and executive officials; those regional authorities have limited powers over revenues and certain areas of economic, ur- ban, environmental, and housing policy; the authority of the regional subgovernments will increase over a five-year period; Wallonia also has a separate Walloon Cul- tural Council Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial re- view of legislative acts; legal education at four law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ ju- risdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 21 July Branches: executive branch consists of King and Cabinet; Cabinet responsible to bicam- eral parliament (Senate and Chamber of Representatives); independent judiciary; co- alition governments are usual Government leaders: BAUDOUIN I, King (since August 1950); Wilfried MARTENS, Prime Minister (since 1981) Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held at least once every four years; last held 8 November 1981 Political parties and leaders: Flemish Social Christian (CVP), Frank Swaelen, president; Walloon Social Christian (PSC), Gerard Deprez, president; Flemish Socialist (SP), Karel van Miert, president; Walloon Socialist (PS), Guy Spitaels, president; Flemish Liberal (PVV), Guy Verhofstadt, president; Walloon Liberal (PRL), Louis Michel, president; Francophone Democratic Front (FDF), Georges Clerfayt, president; Volksunie(VU), Vic Anciaux, president; Communist Party (PCB), Louis van Geyt, president; Walkxm Rally (RW), Fernand Massart; Ecologist Party (ECOLO-AGALEV), loosely orga- nized, has no president; Anti-Tax Party (UDRT-RAD), Robert Hendrickand Thomas Delahaye, presidents; Vlaams Blok (VB), president unknown Voting strength: (1981 election) Chamber of Representatives CVP 43 seats, PS 35 seats, PVV 28 seats, SP 26 seats, PRL 24 seats, VU 20 seats, PSC 18 seats, FDF and RW 7 seats, ECOLO-AGALEV 4 seats, UDRT-RAD 3 seats, PCB 2 seats, VB 1 seat Communists: 10,000 members (est, October 1981) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; Federation of Belgian Industries; numerous other associa- tions representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medi- cal professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Flemish Action Committee Against Nuclear Weapons and Pax Christi Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, EIB, ELDO, EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy GNP: $81.24 billion (1983), $8,243 per cap- ita; 66% consumption, 16% investment, 18% government consumption, 0.0% net foreign balance (1982); 0.3% real growth rate in 1983 Agriculture: livestock production predomi- nates; main crops grains, sugar beets, flax, potatoes, other vegetables, fruits 20 Belize (formerly British Honduras) Fishing: catch 40,580 metric tons (1983); ex- ports $29,991 million, imports $25,787 million Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, and petroleum Crude steel: 17.9 million metric tons capac- ity (December 1981); 10 million metric tons produced, 1,015 kg per capita (1983) Electric power: 14,941,000 kW capacity (1984); 54.198 billion kWh produced (1984), 5,490 kWh per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $51.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); iron and steel products (cars), petroleum products, precious stones Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $53.7 billion (c.i.f., 1983); motor vehi- cles, chemicals, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxem- bourg Economic Union, 1983) exports 70% EC (21. 3% ERG, 18.3% France, 14.3% Neth- erlands, 9.8% UK), 5.1% US, 2.6% Communist; imports 68% EC (21.1% FRG, 18.7% Netherlands, 14.5% France, 8.7% UK), 6.6% US, 3.1% Communist Aid: donor bilateral economic aid commit- ments(ODA and OOF), $3.3billion (1970-82) Budget: (1983) revenues, $24.5 billion; ex- penditures, $35.7 billion; deficit, $11.2 billion Monetary conversion rate: 62.0 Belgian francs=US$l (December 1984) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 4,111 km total; 3,920 km 1.435- meter standard gauge, government owned; 2,563 km double track; 1,763 km electrified; 191 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned, electrified Highways: 103,396 km total; approximately 1,317 km limited access, divided autoroute; 1 1,717 km national highway; 1,362 km pro- vincial road; approximately 38,000 km other paved; approximately 51,000 km unpaved Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial trans- port Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 1,115 km; crude, 161 km; natural gas, 3,218 km Civil air: 47 major transport aircraft Airfields: 46 total, 45 usable; 25 with perma- nent-surface runways; 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities; 3.96 million telephones (47.0 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 36 FM, 32 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT stations Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,497,000; 2,112,000 fit for military service; 80,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $2.7 billion; 8.0% of the cen- tral government budget 70 km * / ,;' 8ELMOPANV Caribbean Sea unta Gorda Srf regional map HI Land 22,963 km 2 ; slightly larger than Massachu- setts; 46% exploitable forest, 38% agricultural (5% cultivated); 16% urban, waste, water, off- shore islands, or other Land boundaries: 515 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 386 km People Population: 161,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 2.3% Nationality: noun Belizean(s); adjective Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% black, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerindian, 8% other Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-Day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mennonite Language: English (official), Spanish Maya, Carib Literacy: over 80% Labor force: 51,500(1984); 30% agriculture. 16% services, 15. 4% government, 11. 2% com- merce, 10.3% manufacturing; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical person- nel; over 14% are unemployed 21 Belize (continued) Organized labor: 15% of labor force Government Official name: Belize Type: parliamentary; independent state; a member of the Commonwealth Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law Branches: bicameral legislature (National As- sembly electoral redistricting in October 1984 expanded House of Representatives from 18 to 28 seats; eight-member appointed Senate; either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its membership); Cabinet; judiciary Government leaders: Manuel ESQUIVEL, Prime Minister (since December 1984); Dr. Elmira Minita GORDON, Governor General (since December 1981) Suffrage: universal adult at age 18 Elections: parliamentary elections held De- cember 1984 Political parties and leaders: United Demo- cratic Party (UDP), Manuel Esquivel, Curl Thompson, Dean Lindo; People's United Party (PUP), George Price Voting strength: (December 1984) National Assembly UDP 21 seats (25,78554.1%), PUP 7 seats (20,97144.0%); before re- districting, PUP held 13 seats, UDP 4 seats, and independents 1 seat Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: United Workers Union, which is connected with PUP Member of: CARICOM, CDB, Common- wealth, GATT, IBRD, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, G-77, NAM, ISO, ITU, UN, UNESCO Economy GDP: $176 million (1983), $1,143 per capita (1983); real growth rate 2% (1983) Agriculture: main products sugarcane, cit- rus fruits, corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products, honey; net im- porter of food Fishing: catch 1,349 metric tons (1980) Major industries: sugar refining, garments, timber and forest products, furniture, rum, soap, beverages, cigarettes Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1984); 57 million kWh produced (1984), 360 kWh per capita Exports: $78 million (f.o.b., 1983); sugar, gar- ments, fish, molasses, citrus fruits, wood and wood products Imports: $113 million (c.i.f., 1983); machin- ery and transportation equipment, food, manufactured goods, fuels Major trade partners: exports US 36%, UK 22%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Canada 10%; imports US 55%, UK 17%, Nether- lands Antilles 8%, Mexico 7% (1983) Aid: economic authorized from US, includ- ing Ex-Im (FY70-83), $25 million; bilateral ODA and OOF commitments from Western (non-US) countries (1970-82), $110 million Budget: revenues, $50 million; expenditures, $64 million (budget for April 1983 through March 1984) Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars=US$l (19 January 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: none Highways: 2,575 km total; 340 km paved, 1,190 km gravel, 735 km improved earth and 310 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 825 km river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally navi- gable Ports: 2 major (Belize City, Belize City South- west), 5 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 41 total, 37 usable; 4 with perma- nent-surface runways; 3 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: 8,650 telephones; (4.5 per 100 popl.); above average system based on radio-relay; 5 AM stations and 1 FM sta- tion; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station Defense Forces Branches: British Forces Belize, Belize De- fense Force, Police Department Military manpower: males 15-49, 39,000; 24,000 fit for military service; 1,700 reach military age (18) annually; the nucleus of the Belize Defense Force (BDF) is the former Special Force of the Belize Police, which was transferred intact to the new organization; the bulk of the early recruits were drawn from the Belize Volunteer Guard, a home guard force that had previously acted as a police reserve; currently, the BDF consists of full-time soldiers referred to as the "Regulars" and an essentially reserve group, which has maintained the "Volunteer Guard" name; recruitment is voluntary and the terms of service vary Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, $3.6 million; 7.1% of central government budget 22 Benin (formerly Dahomey) Set regional map VII PORTO NOVO Land 112,622 km 2 ; slightly smaller than Pennsyl- vania; southern third of country is most fertile; 80% arable land (11% actually culti- vated); 19% forest and game preserves; 1% nonarable Land boundaries: 1,963 km Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (100 nm mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 121 km People Population: 4,015,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 3.1% Nationality: noun Beninese (sing., pi.); ad- jective Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% African (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba); 5,500 Europeans Religion: 70% animist, 15% Muslim, 15% Christian Language: French (official); Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south; at least six major tribal languages in north Literacy: 20% Labor force: 1.5 million (1982); 70% of labor force employed in agriculture; less than 2% of the labor force work in the industrial sector, and the remainder are employed in trans- port, commerce, and public services Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions Government Official name: People's Republic of Benin Type: Soviet-modeled civilian government Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally ob- tained in France; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: Revolutionary National Assembly, National Executive Council Government leader: Brig. Gen. Mathieu KEREKOU, President and Chief of State (since 1972) Suffrage: universal adult Elections: National Assembly elections were held in November 1979; Assembly then for- mally elected Kerekou President in February 1980 Political parties: People's Revolutionary Party of Benin (PRPB) is sole party Communists: PRPB espouses Marxism- Leninism Member of: Af DB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $1.1 billion (1982), $310 per capita (1982); 4.2% nominal growth during 1982 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and to- bacco also produced commercially; main food crops corn, cassava, yams, rice, sor- ghum, millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 24,000 metric tons (1982 est.) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing, textiles, beverages Electric power: 21,000 kW capacity (1984); 27 million kWh produced (1984), 7 kWh per capita Exports: $304.3 million (f.o.b., 1982); palm products, cotton, other agricultural products Imports: $590.3 million (f.o.b. 1982); thread, cloth, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials, iron, steel, fuels, foodstuffs, machinery, and transport equip- ment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Budget: (1982) revenues $168.2 million; cur- rent expenditures, $103.3 million; development expenditures, $83.7 million Monetary conversion rate: 397.45 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$l (October 1983) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 580 km, all 1.000-meter gauge Highways: 8,550 km total; 828 km paved, 5,722 km improved earth 23 Benin (continued) Bermuda Inland waterways: small sections, only im- portant locally Ports: 1 major (Cotonou) Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 9 total, 8 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 1 ,220-2,439 Telecommunications: fair system of open wire and radio relay; 16,200 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 2 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground sta- tion under construction Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 1,759,000; of the 867,000 males 15-49, 439,000 are fit for military service; of the 892,000 females 15-49, 451,000 are fit for military service; about 40,000 males and 41,000 females reach military age (18) annu- ally; both sexes are liable for military service North Atlantic Ocean North At/antic Ocean See regional map [I Land 53.3 km 2 ; about one-third the size of Wash- ington, D.C.; consists of about 360 small coral islands; 60% forest; 21% built on, waste land, and other; 1 1 % leased for air and naval bases; 8% arable Water Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 103 km People Population: 58,000 (July 1985), average an- nual growth rate 0.5% Nationality: noun Bermudian(s); adjec- tive Bermudian Ethnic divisions: 61% black, 39% white and other Religion: 37% Anglican, 21% other Protes- tant, 28% Catholic, 28% Black Muslim and other Language: English Literacy: 98% Labor force: 29,669 employed (1980); 25% clerical, 22% services, 22% laborers, 13% pro- fessional and technical, 9% administrative and managerial, 7% sales, 2% agriculture and fishing Government Official name: Bermuda Type: British dependent territory Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) ap- pointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an ap- pointed Senate and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly; Supreme Court Government leaders: John W. DUNROSSIL, Governor (since 1983); John William David SWAN, Premier (since 1982) Suffrage: universal adult over age 21 Elections: at least once every five years; last general election February 1983 Political parties and leaders: United Ber- muda Party (UBP), John W. D. Swan; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Lois Browne- Evans Voting strength: 1983 elections UBP 65.1%, PLP 35%; UBP holds 26 House of As- sembly seats; PLP, 14 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU), headed by Ottiwell Simmons Member of: INTERPOL, WHO Economy CJVP: $810 million (FY81/82), $12,400 per capita (FY81/82); real growth rate 4.4% (FY81/82) Agriculture: main products bananas, veg- etables, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance, struc- tural concrete products, paints, perfumes, furniture 24 Bhutan Electric power: 110,000 kW capacity (1984); 350 million kWh produced (1984), 6,034 kWh per capita Exports: $17 million (1982); semitropical pro- duce, light manufactures Imports: $348 million ( 1 982); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: 54% US, 16% Carib- bean countries, 10% UK, 6% Canada, 14% other; tourists, 90% US Aid: economic bilateral commitments, in- cluding Ex-lm (FY70-81), from US $34 million; from Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-82), $252 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $159 million; expendi- tures, $143 million (FY82/83) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US$l (February 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: none Highways: 209 km public roads, all paved (approximately 400 km of private roads) Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George, Free- port) Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: modern telecom sys- tem, includes fully automatic telephone system with 46,290 sets (84.6 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 2 FM, 2 TV stations; 3 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces External defense is the responsibility of United Kingdom Branches: The Bermuda Regiment S rfgiima! map Mil Land 46,620 km 2 ; the size of Vermont and New Hampshire combined; 70% forest; 15% agri- cultural; 15% desert, waste, urban Land boundaries: about 870 km People Population: 1,4 17,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.1% Nationality: noun Bhutanese (sing., pi.); adjective Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhote, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Buddhist-influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotes speak various Tibetan dia- lects most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha (official); Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: 5% Labor force: 95% agriculture, 1% industry and commerce (1983); massive lack of skilled labor Government Official name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 17 districts Legal system: based on Indian law and En- glish common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district administrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 17 December Branches: appointed ministersand indirectly elected National Assembly consisting of vil- lage elders, monastic representatives, and all district and senior government adminis- trators Government leader: Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK, King (since 1972) Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every three years Political parties: no legal parties Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy, Indian merchant community, ethnic Nepalese organizations Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IBRD, IDA, IFAD, IMF, NAM, UNESCO, UPU, UN, WHO Economy GDP: $150 million (FY82/83), $1 10 per cap- ita; 1.4% real growth in FY82/83 Agriculture: rice, corn, barley, wheat, pota- toes, fruit, spices Major industries: cement, chemical prod- ucts, mining, distilling, food processing, handicrafts Electric power: 15,700 kW capacity (1984); 9 million kWh produced (1984), 6 kWh per capita 25 Bhutan (continued) Bolivia Exports: $16.7 million (FY82/83); agricul- tural and forestry products, coal Imports: total imports $58.5 million (FY82/83); imports from India $45.2 million (FY82/83); textiles, cereals, vehicles, fuels, machinery Major trade partner: India Budget: total receipts, $53.6 million; expen- ditures, $63.9 million (FY83/84 est.) Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 12.092 ngultrums=12.092 Indian rupees=US$l (October 1984) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traf- fic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total; 1 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,300 telephones (0.1 per lOOpopl.); 11,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 20 AM stations; no TV stations Defense Forces Branches: Royal Bhutan Army Military manpower: males 15-49, 350,000; 188,000 fit for military service; about 17,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India See rrgmnil map IV Land 1,098,581 km 2 ; the size of Texas and Califor- nia combined; 45% urban, desert, waste, or other; 40% forest; 11% pasture and meadow; 2% cultivated and fallow; 2% inland water Land boundaries: 6,083 km People Population: 6, 195,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.6% Nationality: noun Bolivian(s); adjective Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 30% Quechua, 25% Ay- mara, 25-30% mixed, 5-15% European Religion: 95% Roman Catholic; active Prot- estant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara (all official) Literacy: est. 75% Labor force: 1.7 million (1983); 47% agricul- ture, 23% services, 19% industry and commerce, 11% government Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concen- trated in mining, industry, construction, and transportation Government Official name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Political subdivisions: nine departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 Au- gust Branches: executive; bicameral legislature (National Congress Senate and Chamber of Deputies); Congress began meeting again in October 1982; judiciary Government leader: Hernan SILES Zuazo, President (since October 1982) Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: presidential elections on 29 June 1980 were won by the UDP coalition candi- date, Hernan Siles Zuazo; however, before the planned August inauguration, the gov- ernment was overthrown by the military; a series of military leaders followed; in Sep- tember 1982 the military moved to return the government to civilian rule; the 1980-elected congress met on 1 October and selected the winner of the 1980 presidential election, Hernan Siles Zuazo, to head the government; Siles was inaugurated on 10 October 1982 Political parties and leaders: all major par- ties have experienced problems with internal divisions but are now trying to prepare for the June 1985 elections. Nationalist Revolu- tionary Movement of the Left (MNRI), Hernan Siles Zuazo; Nationalist Revolution- ary Movement (MNR), Victor Paz Estenssoro; Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Jaime Paz Zamora; Bolivian 26 Botswana Communist Revolutionary Party (PRIN), Juan Lechin Oquendo; National Democratic Action (ADN), Hugo Banzer Suarez; Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) Voting strength: (1980 elections) UDP Dem- ocratic Popular Unity Front, a coalition of the MNRI, MIR, and PCB 38.5%; MNR 20.5%; ADN 16.8% Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC International Wheat Council, LAIA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (cre- ated in May 1969 within LAIA, formerly LAFTA), NAM, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy GNP: $4.9 billion (1983 est.), $833 per capita; 80% private consumption, 12% public con- sumption, 8% gross domestic investment, 2.4% current account balance; 1983 est. growth, 12% Agriculture: main crops potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, coca, yucca, bananas, coffee; imports significant quantities of wheat Major industries: mining, smelting, petro- leum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 490,000 kW capacity (1984); 1.9 billion kWh produced (1984), 315 kWh per capita Exports: $778 million (f.o.b., 1983); natural gas, tin, silver, tungsten, zinc, antimony, lead, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton Imports: $503 million (c.i.f., 1983); food- stuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharma- ceuticals, transportation Major trade partners: exports Argentina 48%, US 21%, EC 17%, Communist bloc 8%; imports US 31%, EC 19%, Argentina 12%, Japan 11%, Brazil 10%, Communist bloc 10% (1983 prelim.) Budget: $284 million revenues, $965 million expenditures (1983 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 9,000 pesos=US$l (December 1983) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Railroads: 3,675 km total; 3,538 km meter gauge (1.000 m) and 32 km 0.760-meter gauge, all government owned, single track; 105 km meter gauge (1.000 m) privately owned Highways: 38,830 km total; 1,300 km paved, 6,700 km gravel, 30,836 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable water- ways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined prod- ucts, 1,495 km; natural gas, 580 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 56 major transport aircraft Airfields: 485 total, 427 usable; 9 with per- manent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 119 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: radio-relay system being expanded; improved international ser- vices; 144,300 telephones (2.6 per 100 pop!.); 143 AM, 29 FM, 43 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station Defense Forces Branches: Bolivian Army, Bolivian Navy, Bolivian Air Force (literally, the Army of the Nation, the Navy of the Nation, the Air Force of the Nation) Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,380,000; 903,000 fit for military service; 63,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $76.0 million; 12.3% of central government budget > iep'ese"ta!