THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY 56, The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN JUL 1 6 SEP 3 JUN 21 L161 O-1096 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGA2IN JULY 1914 N Three Burlington men who have carrieil Hamilton Watches for years with pe:fert satisfaction. Top. Conductor D. Kelly; center. Engineer Ellis Ford; bottom, Engi- neer George Cooper. mntuon It. "The Railroad Timekeeper of America" PROCEED! A railroad man must have the same confi- dence in the accuracy of his watch that he has in his signals. The number of railroad men who carry the Hamilton is proof of its accuracy, durability and fidelity. Over one-half (56%) of the Railroad Men on American Railroads maintaining Official Time inspection carry the Hamilton Watch Hamilton No. 940 (18 size 21 jewels) and No. 992 (16 size 21 jewels) are the most popular watches on American railroads and will pass i.ny Official Time Inspection. For general use you can buy a Hamilton Watch from $13.50 to $150.00. No extra charge for Safety Numerical Dial on new railroad watches. Write for Hamilton Watch Book"The Timekeeper" It illustrates and describes the various Hamilton models and is a book well worth reading if you are thinking of buying an accurate watch. HAMILTON WATCH COMPANY, I ancaster, Pennsylvania Master Builders oj Accurate Timepieces When You Say "Mill" the average Telegrapher thinks REMINGTON This is not chance or accident Ever since there has been a "Mill" the Remington has always been "his mill," and it is "his mill" today more today than ever before. The reason? Of course you know it. Simply because the Remington has the qualities that the telegrapher needs; and he knows it. Have you seen our Visible Models 10 and 11? If not, send for illustrated booklet. Remington Typewriter Company (Incorporated) 327 Broadway, New York B r anches Everywhere JULY Frontispiece James V. Lanigan The Story of the Illinois Central Lines during the Civil Conflict 1861-5' 9 Public Opinion: Ambulance Chasing 20 Railways Should Receive More Pay 30 Sublimated Gall 31 Interesting Information from the New York News Bureau. 32 A Compliment to Conductor Ross and Brakeman Coffee.. 34 J. W. Marelius . / 34 To the Clergy of the United States 1 . ., 3f> Mr. Wm. W. Badger in the Service Many Years Enters Service of the United States Government 36 Vicksburg, Miss 38 Union and Confederate Reunion 52 Albert W. Biggs 61 Get Acquainted Meeting, St. Louis Division 63 How To Live 66 Jubilee Celebration of Engineer C. R. Smith 69 Always Safety First 72 Law Department 76 Local Talent and Exchanges 82 Get Into The Game 83 Roll of Honor 84 Meritorious Service 84 Quarterly Staff Meeting, Greenville, Miss 88 A Laugh or Two 92 Division News 94 . ..Published monthly by the Illinois Central R.R. Co. in the '. interest of the Company and its 45.000 Employes Advertising rates on application Office 1201 Michigan Av. Phone Wabash 2200 a^o Local 38 15 f pr copy $150 pr, year JAMES V. LANIGAN MR. JAMES V. LANIGAN Born, St. Louis, Missouri, September 29th, 1877; in service of C. B. & Q. Ry. Passenger Department until October, 1904. Rate Clerk, M. K. & T. Ry., October, 1904, to April, 1906, entering service Illinois Central R. R. Passenger Department as Rate Clerk April, 1906; Chief Rate Clerk, January 15th, 1908, to April 15th, 1911, when appointed Assistant General Passenger Agent, present position. ILLINOIS CENTRAL Magazine Vol. 3 JULY, 1914 No. 1 Story o IllinoisContral Linos during the Civil Conflict i86i-5 General Beauregard at Shiloh, Sunday, April 6, '62 By Y. R. LeMonnier, M. D., Ex-private Company B, Crescent Regiment, Louisiana Infantry, Pond's'Brigade, Ruggles' Division, Bragg's Corps, Army of the Mississippi. PREFACE Having been an active participant in the famous campaign of Shiloh, from beginning to end, desirous of establishing a correct record of the maneuvering of General Beauregard at that battle, during the first day's fight, Sunday, April 6, 1862, I submit the following pages, the result of honest researches from official documents and other means at my dis- posal, my des'ire being naught but a knowledge of the truth of history and its dissemination for the sake of our children, the honest student of history and the future generations, avoiding all namby-pamby. New Orleans, La., October, 1913. Y. R. LEMONNIER, M.D. This article is reproduced for its historic value, and with no intention on the part of this magazine to take sides in the controversy. If those who differ with Dr. LeMonnier in his views desire to exploit their own, we will gladly furnish the necessary space EDITOR. William Preston Johnston, and ridiculous, for it is well known son of Gen. Albert Sidney John- and admitted by these very assertors ston, in his "Life of Gen. A. S. John- that General Prentiss, with some 2,250 ston," page 627, asserts that General of his men, surrendered at 5 :30 p. m. Beauregard, by ordering the retreat of on Sunday. the Confederate army before 6 p. m. As I was one of the many privates on Sunday, April 6, the first day of the who were at this surrender, I know fight, lost the fruit of the victory that whereof I speak when I say that be- General Johnston had achieved. What tween 5 :30 and 6 o'clock my regiment, are the facts in support of this asser- the Crescent, came by a flank move- tion? For Col. W. P. Johnston to say ment to the north of the Duncan Field that General Beauregard ordered the into an old country road, and as we retreat before 6 p. m. and others who entered it three Federals came out of were in Richmond while we were fight- the woods on our left, one of whom was ing also say so is most preposterous General Prentiss, and as we cheered 10 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE Y. R. LE MONNIER, JR., FEBRUARY, 1864. after having been ordered to cease fir- ing by our colonel, Marshall J. Smith, for they had surrendered- General Prentiss stepped forward and said at the top of his voice : "Let them cheer, let them cheer; for they have this day captured the finest brigade in the United States army." The sun on that date sets at 6 :10 p. m., and the long shadows of the trees that covered the country road that we were in, told plainly that night would soon put a stop to that terrible carnage to the terrible carnage that had commenced on that beautiful Sabbath day at 4:55 a. m., thirteen hours before. To say, therefore, that General Beauregard or- dered the retreat as early as 4 p. m. of the first day of the fight is so puerile that I am astonished that such men as Colonel Johnston, Mr. Davis, the President of the Confederacy, and oth- ers high in position should accept such an assertion as fact. But let us examine their empty argu- ments to see what is concealed in such an unjust assertion, and you will learn something from the knowledge of a pri- vate who on that memorable occasion did his duty from the time he was aroused from his sleep in his tent at Corinth on the morning of April 3d to the 10th, eight days afterward, when he returned to camp, slushy and muddy from head to foot, with two muskets, one a trophy from the battle-field. This private has no enemy to punish, no friend to reward. To the best of his ability he performed his duty through- out the war, and he now demands that the truth of this terrible struggle be- tween the states be better known to the coming generation, no matter on whose toes one steps, and even if what he says is displeasing to hero idolators who can see the flaw in their enemy's eye but will not see the beam in that of their idol. Mr. Davis, in his "Rise and Fall of the Confederacy," volume 2, pages 54 et seq., frequently repeats what Col. W. P. Johnston, a colonel on his staff, says in his account of the life of his father ; but both Mr. Davis and Colonel Johnston were in Richmond, Va., the capitol of the Confederacy, while we were fighting at Shiloh on the banks of the Tennessee River, hundreds of miles away. Therefore they cannot know what one knows who partici- pated in this momentous campaign, from camp to battle and from battle back to camp, a distance of twenty- three miles. Is the colonel the mouth- piece of the president, or is this one his echo? Be this as it may, it is to be regretted that both these authorities fall into the same errors. Their Delen- da est Carthago is that General Beau- regard lost the fruit of victory by or- dering a retreat at 4 p. m. on Sunday, one hour and a half after General John- ston had been killed. How can that be when at 4 p. m. the hardest fighting that took place during these two days was being waged at the Hornets' Nest, where charges after charges had been made and repulsed with terrible slaughter, where in one of these charges the 18th Louisiana after 4 p. m. in ten minutes lost 42 per cent, of those en- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 11 gaged, where these terrible repulses continued until 5 :30, when General Prentiss surrendered after having been surrounded. But let us follow the author, Colonel Johnston, in his narrative of "A Vic- tory Lost," pages 627 et seq. He com- mences by publishing the telegram of General Beauregard to the Adjutant General, then comes his brief report of the conclusion of Sunday's battle, "... it was after 6 p. m., as be- fore said, when the enemy's last posi- tion was carried. . . ." As I have said above, having been present I know what occurred This last position of the enemy was the surrender of Gen- eral Prentiss in the Hornets' Nest at 5 :30 p. m. General Polk says ("Life of General Johnston," page 620), "About 5 p. m. my line attacked the enemy's troops the last that were left upon the field in an encampment on my right. The attack was made in front and flank. . . . General Prentiss delivered his sword with his command to Colonel Russell, one of my brigade command- ers, who turned him over to me. The prisoners turned over were about " 2,000. . . ." It is very evident that if General Prentiss surrendered after 5 o'clock, with 2,000 or more prisoners, that it was at least 6 before they had stacked their arms and moved out of the Hor- nets' Nest on their way to Corinth, the rear. Therefore General Beauregard is right when he says it was after 6 o'clock when the enemy's last position was carried. If the last position were carried at or after 6 p. m., which is admitted by all, how could we be re- treating at 4 p. m.? In capturing this position, instead of retreating we were advancing, for we were following the enemy, one and a quarter miles to his last position, on that hill a quarter-mile from the river (Pittsburg Landing). Says the Federal Maj. D. W. Reed, in the revised edition of his book on the battle of Shiloh and the organizations engaged, page 19 : "During the after- noon Colonel Webster, chief of artil- lery on General Grant's staff, had placed Madison's battery of siege guns in position about a quarter-mile out from the Landing, and then, as the bat- teries came back from the front, placed them in position to the right and left of the siege guns. . . . About 5 o'clock Ammen's brigade of Nelson's division of the army of the Ohio (Buell's) reached the field, the 36th Indiana tak- ing position near the left in support of Stone's battery. Two gunboats, the Tyler and Lexington, were at the mouth of Dill Branch, just above the Landing." During the battle we, the Confeder- ates, did not and could not know the topography of the ground on which the Federals were contending and still less their advantages ; but today, fifty years afterward, now that this piece of ground has been most carefully sur- veyed and converted into a beautiful park, those of us that have been over it have studied it and consequently know it, and we can account now for the many errors made when it is stated that we were nearly or entirely on the banks of the Tennessee River. In one instance Dill Branch is erroneously mentioned by Colonel Johnston as the Tennessee River; in another, General Polk says, speaking of the Hornets' Nest, that we were about half a mile from the river. The Hornets' Nest is nearly one and a half miles from the Landing, as you will see by looking at the beautiful maps of that battle-field that have been made by U. S. Engi- neers for the government. I have these maps before me. Last September I went through that battle-field in com- pany with Major Reed, the thoroughly- posted historian of the park, and was much interested and surprised at what I saw and learned. There is no doubt that the Federals en masse were sur- prised on that to them fatal Sunday morning, for they did not expect our visit. Gen. Lew Wallace in his address on the dedication of the Indiana monu- ments at Shiloh, in "Indiana at Shi- loh," pages 275 et seq., mentions this fact ; and so does General Buell. A great number of them were at a given moment utterly demoralized and pell- mell on the banks of the Tennessee and 12 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE unable to go farther. We never did come so near to the Tennessee River that "one more and determined assault would have brought us on its banks, with the Federals at our feet, had not General Beauregard ordered the re- treat at 4 p. m." In the very words of Colonel Johnston, page 628, I say, "For this last allegation there is not the slightest warrant." Another proof that at 6 o'clock we were still fighting and bearding the lion in his den, the Federals on their ground, is to be found on page 621, where Colonel Johnston writes: "Im- mediately after the (Prentiss) surren- der General Polk ordered such cavalry as he had in hand to charge the fleeing enemy. A detachment under Lieuten- ant-Colonel Miller dashed forward and intercepted a battery, within 150 yards of the river, the 2d Michigan, and cap- tured it before it could unlimber and open fire. A portion of this cavalry rode to the river and watered their horses." Of this incident Major Reed says : "Colonel Lindsay, 1st Mississip- po Cavalry (Miller was his lieutenant- colonel), charged upon and captured Ross' battery (the 2d Michigan) as it was withdrawing from position near Hurlburt's headquarters, and then with thirty or forty men crossed the head of Dill Branch and at- tempted to charge another battery, but finding himself in the presence of an infantry force managed to get back un- der the hill without damage." This cavalry and the skirmishers from Chal- mers' and Jackson's brigades were the only Confederate troops that came un- der musketry fire after the Prentiss and Wallace "surrender." The "within 150 yards of the river" mentioned above by the Colonel should be "150 yards of Dill Branch," which empties into the Tennessee River a quarter-mile above Pittsburg Landing. Where Ross' 2d Michigan battery was captured, near Hurlburt's headquarters, is nearly or fully- three-quarters of a mile from the river. From the fact that the enemy were on their chosen ground since March 17th and that its topography was well known to them, I conclude that the assertion of Major Reed is the correct one. One word about Dill Branch and the gunboats. Where this creek empties into the Tennessee River is a ravine, extending some distance up, with high and abrupt bluffs and a marshy stream at their base, especially after heavy rains such as we had on the Friday night preceding the battle. Of course, the enemy knew this. On the north side of this creek, a quarter-mile from the river, Colonel Webster, chief of staff, had massed his siege guns and field batteries, and Ammen's brigade from Buell's army and other infantry supported them, while the gunboats at the mouth of this Dill Branch fired in the creek's valley, with the result, proved by reports, that many of our men were killed and wounded, denying thereby the assertion that their guns were so elevated that their shots here passed over our men. After Prentiss' surrender at and after 6 o'clock the situation was : at Dill Branch, empty- ing at right angle into the Tennessee River, a quarter-mile above Pittsburg Landing, were on its south side, as near the Tennessee River as the marshy condition of the land would al- low, say a quarter-mile Clanton's Ca- valry brigade, followed by and pro- ceeding west from the river, which here runs due north, Chalmers' brig- ade, Gage's battery, and Jackson's, An- derson's and Stephen's brigades, the 154th Tennessee regiment, Wood's brigade, the 12th and 13th Tennessee regiments; facing them on the north, with the creek and both its swampy sides and steep banks between them, was the enemy's line of battle (last stand) extending from. the river, 800 feet ( ?) to the Hamburg and Savannah road, three-quarters of a mile, and the gunboats at the mouth of Dill Branch. Such were the situation and condition of things when night came, more than two hours after the time Messrs. Davis and Johnston and their adherents say that General Beauregard ordered the retreat. Out of 229' Official Reports not one of them mentions a cessation of hostilities nor a retreat at or before ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 13 4 p. m. You can verify this statement by examining the "War of the Rebel- lion," official records, and S. I. V. X. P. I. reports. General Beauregard, therefore, is right when he says, "It was after 6 p. m., as before said, when the enemy's last position was carried and his force finally broke and sought refuge behind a commanding eminence covering Pittsburg Landing. . . ." Wyeth, in his "Life of General For- rest," says, page 77 : "But other coun- sel prevailed, and between 4 and 5 o'clock in the afternoon Forrest re- ceived orders to fall back with Chal- mers' brigade and camp upon the bat- tle-field. Chalmers, on the contrary, in his official report (War Records loco citato, pages 550 and 551) says, "Our men struggled vainly to ascend the hill, which was very steep, making charge after charge without success, but con- tinued to fight until night closed hosti- lities on both sides." Col. S. A. Lockett, General Bragg's chief engineer at Shiloh, in an article in "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," volume I, page 605, says : "The time consumed in gathering Prentiss' command together, in taking their arms, in marching them to the rear, was inestimably valuable. . . . But after a while the Confederates were gotten into ranks, and a perfect line of battle was formed, with our left wing resting on Owl Creek and our right on the Tennessee River. General Polk was on the left, then Bragg, then Breckinridge. In our front only one single point was showing fight, a hill crowned with artillery. I was with General Bragg, and rode with him along the front of his corps. I heard him say, over and over again, 'One more charge, my men, and we shall capture them all.' While this was go- ing on a staff officer (or rather, I think, it was one of the detached clerks of General Beauregard's headquarters, for he wore no uniform) came up to General Bragg and said, 'The General directs that the pursuit be stopped ; the victory is sufficiently complete ; it is needless to expose our men to the fire of the gunboats.' General Bragg said, 'My God ! was a victory ever sufficient- ly complete?' Then he added, 'Have you given the order to any one else ?' 'Yes, Sir/ was the reply ; 'to General Polk, on your left; and if you will look to the left you will see that the order is being obeyed.' Gen- eral Bragg looked and said, 'My God ! My God! it is too late!' and turning to me he said, 'Captain, carry the order to the troops on the right,' and to Cap- tain Frank Parker, 'You carry it to the left.' In a short time the troops were all falling back and the victory was lost." Of all I have ever heard and read concerning the battle of Shiloh this is one of the most singular assertions, and may I not, in the very words of Col. W. P. Johnston, repeat, "There is just enough of truth in all this to mis- lead." See the few lines from Chal- mers' report cited above, in answer to Wyeth's assertion, in which he (Chal- mers) says that "night closed hostili- ties on both sides." General Anderson, who was on the left of General Chal- mers when hostilities ceased, says (page 499, Reports, loco citato) : "It was now twilight. As soon as we had placed a hill between us and the gun- boats the troops moved slowly and ap- parently with reluctance from the di : rection of the river. It was 8 o'clock at night before we had reached a biv- ouac near General Bragg's headquar- ers." In "Battles and Leaders," volume I, page 606, Col. Alexander R. Chisolm, who was on General Beauregard's staff, says : "It so happened that I re- joined General Beauregard at a point near Shiloh Chapel (having escorted General Prentiss from the field to Gen- eral Beauregard) when General Bragg rode up from the front, and I heard him say in an excited manner : 'General ! we have carried everything before us to the Tennessee River. I have ridden from Owl to Lick Creeks, and there is none of the enemy to be seen.' Beau- regard quietly replied : 'Then, General, do not unnecessarily expose your com- mand to the fire of the gunboats.' " Compare these quotations with the as- 14 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE sertion of Col. S. H. Lockett. Again says the Colonel, "... a staff offi- cer (or rather, I think, it was one of the detailed clerks of General Beaure- gard's headquarters, for he wore no uniform)." Yet from a detailed clerk, wearing no uniform, General Bragg at such a momentous opportunity ac- cepted such an order! I mention this only to show the ludicrousness of such a conclusion. That General Bragg should have said, "One more charge, my men, and we shall capture them all,' was not only proper, but it was his duty to stimulate his men ; he cer- tainly should not have discouraged them. Today, thanks to "The Battle of Shi- loh" and its beautiful maps, by Maj. D. W. Reed, we know what we did not and could not know during and soon after the battle, and here we read on page 20 : "In the meantime General Bragg made an effort to get troops into position on the left of Pittsburg road, but before arrangements were com- pleted night came on and General Beauregard ordered all the troops withdrawn. The Confederate troops sought bivouacs on the field, some oc- cupying captured Union camps and some returning to their bivouac of Sat- urday night. General Beauregard re- "mained near Shiloh Church ; General Polk retired to his Saturday night camp ; General Bragg was with Beau- regard near the church, occupying Gen- eral Sherman's headquarters' camp ; General Hardee and General Withers encamped with Colonel Martin in Pea- body camp ; Trabue occupied camps of the 6th Iowa and 44th Ohio; Pond's brigade alone of the infantry troops re- mained in line of battle confronting the Union line." Col. David Urquhart, of General Bragg's staff, in a letter to Gen. Thom- as Jordan, a general of the Confederate forces at Shiloh, dated Narragansett, R. I., August 25, 1880, says : "Subse- quently I rejoined General Bragg, whom I met engaged with the Federal troops, who were now disputing every inch. At about sunset an order came from General Beauregard to withdraw, collect and reorganize the troops. . . . At the time this order was given, the plain truth must be told, our troops at the front were a thin line of exhausted men who were making no further head- way and who were glad to receive or- ders to fall back. At the same time, as I had myself previously reported to General Bragg, over one-third of the army were scattered in different parts of the field, loading themselves with plunder from the abandoned Federal camps." Out of 229 reports, 32 from the Fed- erals and 44 from the Confederates, 76 in all, give the hour at which the battle ceased namely, after 6 p. m., not one says 4 p. m., or before 6 o'clock.* It is, In lo.nd H. J. Shay, or they were up to the pub- lication of their 1913 edition of "Hints TO Personal Injury Claimants." In this pretentious little booklet of thir- ty neatly printed pages, Stiles & Devaney outline the whole procedure. First, they devote a chapter to the federal employers' liability law, then they take up "Probable amount of damages recoverable in certain cases," beginning their tabulation with $10,000 to $15,000 for loss of hand or arm below the elbow and running up to $30,- 000 to $50,000 for total disability. They then discuss "Juries," "State Courts," ''Last Chance Doctrine," "Who May Sue and Where," "Appeals," concluding with a chapter on "No Charge for Advice." Stiles & Devaney are reputed the wealth- iest firm in this business. They have their own hospital at Minneapolis, where they keep their clients pending preparations for the trial or settlement. Stiles owns an elegant home, is a millionaire, according to his official lecturer, Mr. A. A. Roe. And if Mr. Roe is to be believed, he has made it all out of railroad litigation. In the Chicago speech already referred to Mr. Roe explained: "George C. Stiles is classed as a million- aire. He has been engaged in the practice of law for thirty years, handling nothing but interstate commerce cases against rail- way corporations and Mr. Devaney came out of school and went right in with Mr. Stiles, handling nothing but that kind of law. They don't know anything but that kind of law." To impress his hearers that he is per- fectly candid with them the speaker added: "Now that concluded the part as to what my graft is." Again: "Now you have my graft." Stiles & Devaney are said to have come into the personal injury industry through claims for loss and damage. For instance, the court records show that at one time 100 "loss and damage" freight cases were pending in St. Paul against the Northwest- ern railroad, every case having arisen along the Northwestern line from Omaha to Lander, Wyo. There was no special rea- son for taking a single case to Minneso- ta, except to get into a more favorable 24 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE jurisdiction. All could have been tried or adjusted in Nebraska or Wyoming, where they arose. Stiles & Devaney were the attorneys in seventy-four of these 100 cases and they get about 75 per cent of all of that kind. They have had many against the Union Pacific and Burlington. As a matter of fact, the loss and damage freight cases outnumber the personal injury cases three to one. The non-resident personal injury industry seems to have been an outgrowth of these loss and damage claims, although the latter are more often settled out of court, with the claim departments of the railroads. Illustrating a further development of the industry the firm of Hall, Tautges & Loeffler, Minneapolis, like some of the others, get hold of railroad and former railroad employes to work among their fellows. Here is a sample letter written by one of these agents, soliciting a case from a former fellow employe, which is characteristic: Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 5, 1912. Mr. Edberg Dear Sir: Having saw an account in the paper where you were in- jured working for the Great Northern. I used to work there myself and I know the game. I cannot work there any more. I have a job now that burns up the rail- roads. I am working for Albert H. Hall and William A. Tautges, and we get the money for the boys that get hurt, and we don't keep it all, either, like some of the wise guys here in the city. We will guar- antee to treat you right. Ask Peckover what we done for him, or ask Red Boil, Ed Fay and several other boys. We got the money for where the company would not pay 1 cent otherwise, we take the cases on a small commission and when the contract is made out you get a copy and whatever we say in that contract is as good as the wheat in a mill and the toll paid. These fellows have been in the business for twenty-seven years and know the game. I would suggest that you don't sign any papers of any kind for anybody, and don't tell anyone how it happened, for they will fix the statement to suit them- selves. Now I enclose one of my cards and if you want me to come and see you, tell one of the nurses to call me up or write me and I will take care of your case. The evidence should be looked up at once. Hoping to hear from you soon, I remain, yours respectfully. Show this to Gary, too. A. E. GANNON. 722 New York Life Bldg. THE OMAHA DAILY BEE Monday Morning, June 1, 1914 DOZEN RAILWAYS SUED FOR MORE THAN $6,300,000. Industry Built Up by Lawyers Without Attracting Attention of Minnesota People. CENTERS IN THE TWIN CITIES. State Supreme Court to Rule on Legality of Traffic. RIGHT OF NONRESIDENT TO SUE Question Raised in Hope of Breaking Up the Industry. COURT DOCKETS ARE SWAMPED. Judges Kept Busy Trying Cases from Other States. MEANS $100 A DAY TO TAXPAYER. Schedule Showing Cases and Amount as Apportioned Among Various Roads, Also the Leading Lawyers in Game. (By JAMES B. WOOTAN.) IMPORTED CASES IN TWO YEARS. Amount No. of Rairoads of Claims Cases. Illinois Central $1,126,000.00 38 Milwaukee 997,162.00 62 Great Northern 1,066,934.00 64 Omaha 448,305.00 29 Burlington 375,730.00 17 Great Western 632,976.50 27 Soo Line 552,925.00 23 Northwestern 235,550.00 11 Minn. & St. Louis 325,180.00 15 Northern Pacific 201,300.00 13 Other roads 395,460.00 42 Totals $6,358,522.50 341 Lawyers. Number. S. A. Anderson, St. Paul 72 Barton & Kay, St. Paul 60 Stiles & Devaney, Minneapolis 48 T. D. Schall, Minneapolis 29 Other attorneys 132 Total . . 341 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 25 Hennepin Ramsay St. Louis County County County (Minne (St. (Du- apolis.) Paul.) luth.) Cases brought in.. 65 198 33 Other counties, . . 45 Many cases brought since January 1, 1914. That such an industry as represented by* these figures, further explaining the non- resident personal injury litigation against railroads in Minnesota could be built up over a period of two years without attract- ing the attention of the Minnesota taxpay- ers on whom it imposes a tremendous finan- cial burden is one of the strange features. Since these lists were made up the first of the year, many additional cases have been filed and yet the railroads, themselves, only recently awakened to the situation. They got their heads together in a plan to "move in" against the graft. Their legal departments took the matter up with the Minnesota State Bar association, which in turn authorized its committee on ethics to co-operate with the railroad attorneys in a complete investigation. That investigation has been made and the results placed in the hands of Judge Lorin Cray of Mankato, chairman of the bar association's ethical committee. The association is to meet in July. Some disbarments are expected, but all agree that they alone will not break up the questionable practices, that far more drastic action will be necessary. The question of the right to bring cases from other states and compel their trial in Minnesota is now pending on appeal be- fore the Minnesota supreme court. It came up from Judge Childress' district court in the southern part of the state. The plain- tiff resided in Nebraska, was injured in Iowa and sued in Minnesota. Judge Chil- dress refused to try the case simply on the ground that there was no valid reason why the expense of it should be imposed on the taxpayers of Minnesota, when it could as well be tried in either of the other states, and besides that Minnesota courts were be- ing deluged by these non-resident cases. After this decision had been appealed by the personal injury lawyers, Judge Wil- liam E. Hale of Minneapolis declined sim- ilarly to try another non-resident case, and further action in it awaits the ruling of the supreme court. District court judges in St. Paul and Min- neapolis are finding it necessary to call in judges from outlying counties to help them. One judge in each city is said to be giving practically all his time to this non-resident litigation. These judges are paid $5,700 a year each, their bailiff $1,200, clerk $1,200, reporter $2,000, making $10,000, a year for each bench. The per diem expenses for maintaining a court for the benefit of these non-resident litigants are placed at exactly $100. Last year twenty-three days, or $2,- 300, went for the trial of cases against the Illinois Central alone. There are now 1,172 untried cases on the Hennepin county (Minneapolis) calendar, about 250 of which are non-resident person- al injury cases and many others are non- resident loss, and damage cases. The per- centages run about the same for St. Paul in Ramsey county. Unless there is a check somewhere this graft, of course, will be magnified and the burden on the Minnesota taxpayers vastly increased. Hennepin and Ramsay are not the only counties in the state where such actions are brought. A great many have been brought in St. Louis county (Duluth), and others. Of course, while it means a heavy finan- cial drain on Minnesota, it is like-wise lay- ing an enormous extra burden of expense on the railroads. The Illinois Central alone reports its legal department expenses for 1913, $50,000 above normal owing to this litigation. Most of this was spent in trans- porting and maintaining witnesses from other states. Many witnesses were carried from Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee and Kentucky to Minnesota and the railroad of- ficials say that every case compelling their presence in Minnesota might have been tried in their own states. The railroads undertake to show that in a great number of these cases the victim who sues comes oiit of the little end of the horn. That is, he does not get 'more by turning his case over to the Minnesota lawyer than he would by settling direct with the company and often not as much. While these lawyers advertise that they take only one-third of what they get for their client, the railroad men purport to show that they very often take two-thirds or more. Be- sides, the litigant, if an employe, loses his place with the company. Many of these personal injury cases in- volve employes of railroads. The railroads complain that they are thus exposed by their interstate character, as purely state corporations that are protected by the state compensation acts are not. They are con- tending for an adequate federal compensa- tion and liability law that will afford them equal protection from the ravishing greed of such grafters. The personal injury lawyers "get away" with their graft by claiming the right to import such litigation from other states under a certain act of the interstate com- merce law, which enables a plaintiff to sue in his own state, the state where the defend- ant resides or any other he may choose. Then they go back finally to the so-called immunities clause of the federal constitu- tion, section 2 of article 4: The citizens of each state shall be entitled 26 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE to all the privileges and immunities of citi- zens in the several states. They cite certain rulings tending to sup- port this contention, but the railroads com- bat this view, taking the position that a different attitude on the part of the Min- nesota courts, both trial and appellate, would soon establish the futility of this ar- gument. It is the avowed belief of railroad attorneys that the graft flourishes simply because thus far it has been made popular to "skin" the corporations, largely regard- less of the merits of the issue. Some of the lawyers are beginning to scent trouble. "It has been coming too easy to last," said one recently. They, like the railroads, feel that the graft will never withstand the withering test of publicity. Railroad attorneys contend that the prop- er use by judges of their discretionary pow- ers of entertaining jurisdiction would go a long way toward stopping the abuse. They point to the precedents of other states, par- ticularly New York, for proof of this. Yet to clinch any action depending upon the personal equation in the courts, the rail- roads conceive the necessity of remedial legislation. To this end they are suggest- ing to the Minnesota Bar association the enactment of laws by the legislature deal- ing with the problem. As a model they point to a law in Texas on the subject of venue for suits for personal injury or loss and damage. This statute rests on the prin- ciple that the suit must be brought either in the state where the injury happened or the plaintiff resided at the time of the in- jury, or, in any event, in the county near- est the plaintiff's residence at the time of the injury. In addition to this proposed law, they would also have one enacted making it illegal for lawyers to solicit business in this wholesale fashion. There is some talk also of putting the matter up to the federal congress with a view of securing the enact- ment of a law to fortify any legislation by states. THE OMAHA DAILY BEE Tuesday Morning, June 2, 1914 SHADY SIDE OF THE BIG PERSON- AL INJURY INDUSTRY. Cases Suggest Devious Methods Sometimes Employed by Lawyers to Land the Railroad Money. COURT AND JURIES ARE KIND. Case Tried Three Times, Affirmed on Last Appeal. CLIENTS OFTEN GET SMALL END. Poor Woman Gets $2,800 of a $10,000 Settlement. LAWYERS SEIZE LION'S SHARE. Yet They Advertise Generosity to the Claimants. SAMPLE OF GETTING BUSINESS. List Sent Out by Lawyer Purporting to Show Cases Settled Claimants May Not Fully Appear. By JAMES B. WOOTAN. An Iowa country girl who had seldom ridden on trains takes the Minneapolis & St. Louis for a visit. Eager to get off, grip Jn hand, she alights 40 feet before reaching the depot, with the train going fifteen miles an hour. The brakeman of her own train and fireman and engineer of a train on a siding see her, but are unable to stop her; they hasten to her. The roadmaster and an insurance man, who are on the train, ob- serve her as their car passes, the train still going toward the depot. These men and others at the station look back and see the girl carried up to the station. The girl fell into the hands of some of these lawyers. They had her testify that she started to get off at the depot while the train was standing still, and that it sudden- ly started and dragged her a considerable distance. Eight persons, eye witnesses, testified the accident happened 400 feet be- fore the train reached the depot and while it was still in motion. The brakeman testi- fied he saw the girl start to alight and tried to get to her and prevent her. Somewhat Typical Case. This is a somewhat typical case, accord- ing to railroad authorities, in one phase of the industry in non-resident per'sonal injury litigation built up at the expenses of the railroads and the Minnesota taxpayers by a few shrewd lawyers in Minneapolis and St. Paul, together with a few other Minn- esota points. This case was tried three times in Minn- eapolis, twice the girl, save two women who only said she was on he train at the depot, her sole witness against these eight, got a verdict and twice the supreme court set it aside. On the third trial she got a ver- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 27 diet $15,000. This time the supreme court affirmed it, saying that while the case was not without its difficulties, there must be an end of litigation somewhere. The girl claimed to be paralyzed. Sometime after she went to Minneapolis to visit a lightning- cure "specialist." A little after entering his office, she suddenly arose, threw away her supports and walked outj hale and hearty. This case is typical of many that go to make up this Minnesota industry of non- resident personal injury litigation against railroads. How much of this $15,000 the girl herself received, no one knows. While the lawyers advertise generosity with their clients, many clients, if they would, could relate different tales. Client Gets Little. A woman was badly hurt on one of the lines converging in the twin cities. She sued the company through a firm of the Minneapolis lawyers and got a judgment of $20,000. The court cut the judgment to $14,000. The railroad appealed the case. While it was pending on appeal the road effected a settlement with the lawyers at $10,000. The attorneys for that road de- clare the poor woman only got $2,800 of that $10,000. The lawyers often scale down such allowances to their clients by introduc- ing the doctor bills and other incidentals, although they explicitly advertise that they pay all doctor's fees and give their clients two-thirds of the proceeds net. Another woman had a claim against the Milwaukee railroad at Minneapolis, which the road was willing to settle and did set- tle at $2,500. The woman's lawyer oblig- ingly offered to take the company's check, cash it, pay the woman her share, which was the major portion, and take out his "little fee." The company turned over the check to him. The next day the woman came to it with the complaint that she had been given only a few hundred dollars, of the $2,500. By the speedy action the rail- road attorneys got hold of the thrifty lawyer and made him disgorge the wom- an's rightful share. Fraud and Fake. Instances of fraud and fake are numer- ous in this line of litigation. The Great Northern railroad has a nice surprise party awaiting a certain individual who is suing it for $21,000. He alleges a permanently disabled left arm and shoulder. Pending the hearing of his suit, however, he is en- joying himself at one of his hobbies of mo- toring. And the company's photographer has snapped him several times in the act of cranking up his own machine, then leap- ing nimbly into it and whisking away. The Great Northern has had to run its legal department expenses up about $100,- 000 a year as a result of this industry, and it is making every possible effort to cut down expenses. One of the most interesting frustrations was accomplished by the Northern Pacific, yet not without a regular trial in court. A traveling man. residing in St. Paul sued the road for $3,000 for alleged injuries at Mac- kenzie, N. D. He was on a passenger train which by some means or other was "cut in two" his section bumping down a sid- ing until his car leaped the track. It was moving slowly, however, and finally stopped of its own motion without any injury. This was on November 12, 1911. On No- vember 10, 1913, this man, with three oth- ers, some of whom were intoxicated, was in a serious automobile smash-up in St. Paul. They were joy-riding when their machine got away from them and collided with an iron telephone or light pole. The machine was split in two and the men all badly hurt. Good Excuse to Sue. That was as good an excuse to sue a rail- road as one lawyer wanted. He nailed his man and together they made out their case. This case was tried at St. Paul late in April of this year. The railroad won only after as desperate a fight as if the case had actu- ally been bona fide, and when the verdict of the jury was telephoned into the rail- road's legal offices its attorneys who had fought it through were as jubilant as if they had actually achieved a signal victory. This man swore on the stand, under his lawyer's direction, that his injury came from from the accident at Mackenzie, N. D., two years before; that at that time he was so badly hurt as to be unable to travel and laid in bed at Fargo seven days. The rail- road produced the books of the company for which this fellow had worked to show that he never lost a day; that instead of being laid up for seven days immediately following the accident, he made five towns the very next day. The man swore that he had been earning on the road from $150 to $300 a month. The company's books showed that the most he ever earned was $176 a month for only one month and that his highest annual income was $1,400, and that this was earned in the year following his alleged injury at Mackenzie. Yet when this case went to the jury af- ter a severe trial the jury balloted several times before reaching a conclusion in favor of the company. The plaintiff's attorney in this case was Tautgess of the firm of Hall, Tautgess & Loeffler of Minneapolis. Poor Lawyers Barred. This is no business for a poor lawyer or a young one just starting into practice, unless he can get in with one who has the money. For it takes money to play this 28 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE game. It requires an immense amount for advertising under cover soliciting and maintaining agents. Besides, some of the more successful practitioners, such as "Bill" Keefe of St. Paul, who though not a lawyer is a pioneer at the business, with S. Anderson as his chief lawyer; Stiles & Devaney of Minneapolis and others, have their own "homes," or hospitals, where their patients or clients are kept. It is much safer to keep a client at one's own hospital where he knows all that goes on. The- railroads profess to have a record of a case where one of the clients with a broken arm was kept at a hospital for thirteen days before anything was done to relieve his injury. The worse the injury the better the chance for damages. Then another source of expense is the payment of contingencies and the purchase of claims. These lawyers very frequently RO to an injured person and guarantee him any amount he is offered by the company in a proposed settlement, simply buying the man's claim. They also pay as high as $100 a month contingency pending the trial. This all takes money. This is one reason why the industry is monopolized by a hand- ful of lawyers. One of the most resourceful of these per- sonal injury experts is W. R. Duxbury of St. Paul, who served many years as a rail- road lawyer. List of Exhibits. Here is "the enclosed schedule of re- cent cases" Mr. Duxbury sends. The case of Burho against the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad, with a verdict of $25,750, was, according to the railroad's lawyers, finally settled at Washington, D. C, pend- ing appeal, for less than the amount stated. This is a sample list, which seems to verify the statement made in contradiction to the personal injury lawyers that the aver- age judgment in Minnesota is not greater than elsewhere: PARTIAL LIST OF VERDICTS AND SETTLEMENS. Verdict Title of Action or Settlement Bota vs. C., M. & St. P. Ry Settlement Dougherty vs. W. & P. Herald .' Settlement Burho vs. M. & St. L. R. R. Co Verdict Priegge vs. G. N. and N. P. Rys Settlement Windenwerder vs. G. N. & Soo L. Rys Settlement Murray vs. G. N. Ry Settlement Heffron vs. Street Ry. Co Settlement Gage vs. M. & St. L. R. Co Settlement McDonald vs. G. N. Ry. Co Settlement Snyder vs. Box Board Co Verdict Bowen vs. Mpls. Gen. Elec. Co Settlement Peters vs. No. Pac. Ry Settlement Barry vs. Soo Line Ry Settlement McGovern vs. Soo Line Ry Settlement Harouff vs. Chi. Gt. Western Ry Settlement Leko vs. North Am. Tel. Co Settlement Meyers vs. C., M. & St. P. Ry Settlement Cowing vs. Spokane & I. E. Ry Settlement Heller vs. Soo Line Ry Settlement Vander Wegen vs. Gt. No. Ry Settlement Hill vs. Jones Verdict Bray vs. Duluth Edison Electric Co Settlement Wiegmann vs. Soo Line Ry Settlement Roller vs. G. N. and C., St. P., M. & O. Rys Verdict Dieter vs. B. & O. Ry Settlement Johanson vs. Mpls. Drug Co Settlement P. Leko vs. C., B. & Q. Ry Settlement Vaughan vs. Ry. C. C. A Verdict Ryerse vs. Soo Lin Ry Settlement Johanson vs. Am. H. & D. Co Settlement Kalmar vs. Engine Works Settlement Colberg vs. Street Ry. Co Verdict Peterson vs. Brooks Settlement Ulm vs. Decks & Smith Settlement Joiner vs. Street Ry Co Settlement Holman vs. St. P. P. G. L. Co Settlement Davis vs. Street Ry. Co Verdict Moritz vs C. & N. W. Ry Settlement Dunn vs. C. & N. W. Ry Settlement Sperry vs. Winnett & Burdick Settlement Bulatovich vs. C., M. & St. P. Ry Settlement Cook vs. C., M. & St. P Ry Settlement Steen vs. C., M. & St. P. Ry Settlement Sodergren vs. Gt. No. Ry. Co Settlement Elickson vs. M. & St. L. R. R. Co Settlement Peterson vs. M. & St. L. R. R. Co Settlement ' Shevlin vs. C., M. & St. P. Ry Settlement Williams vs. Dickson Verdict Schloesser vs. C., St. P., M. & O. Ry Settlement Amount offered before we took charge of case Nothing $ 1,000.00 10,000.00 300.00 500.00 1,500.00 200.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 250.00 2,000.00 350.00 3,000.00 1,000.00 Nothing 50.00 1,500.00 200.00 500.00 1,000.00 Nothing 800.00 200.00 Nothing Nothing 250.00 1,000.00 Nothing Nothing 50.00 45.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 Nothing 500.00 400.00 Nothing 500.00 Nothing Nothing 1,000.00 Nothing 300.00 250.00 500.00 1,000.00 100.00 Nothing Am't we obtained client $ 800.00 4,000.00 24,750.00 800.00 2,500.00 3,750.00 500.00 5,000.00 7,500.00 2,500.00 6,000.00 1,100.00 10,000.00 3,200.00 400.00 1,000.00 6,000.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 2,100.00 5,000.00 2,100.00 625.00 7,500.00 600.00 1,000.00 4,500.00 500.00 400.00 400.00 500.00 800.00 500.00 400.00 500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 2,500.00 500.00 3,600.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,875.00 3,500.00 1,100.00 1,000.00 Totals $33,545.00 $133,300.00 In these instances we recovered four times the amounts offered in settlement to our clients before we took charge of the cases, and settled forty-one out of forty-nine, without the expense of going into court. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 29 The railroads not only emphatically deny this last statement, but go on to show that, counting for the amount paid the lawyers and the loss of employment to those who might have it from the roads, the claimants come out of the majority of cases in Minnesota very much worse off than had they settled direct with the com- panies. According to the railroads these sam- ple lists are not so arranged as to reflect all the little details. For instance, they do not always disclose just how the spoils were divided as between the lawyer and his client. One of the tricks of the trade so the railroads say, is for the personal injury lawyer to drag a "settlement" or suit along as long as possible and the re- sult generally is a big amount of fees and "expenses" to counterbalance whatever the client is supposed to get. This much seems plain these lawyers are in this unusual game, not for their health, nor that of the claimant against a railroad, but for their own financial en- richment. HOW TO STOP AMBULANCE CHASING PITTSBURGH, June 6 (On Train.) To the Editor of the Bee: I read with great interest your article entitled "Law- yers Create Fat Industry at Railway Ex- pense." I have often wondered how much longer the people of Minnesota would stand for such a game. I think you have started something, and the taxpayers of Minnesota will now sit up and take notice. Minnesota should have the same law as Maryland relative to "Ambulance Chasers." The "Ambulance Chasers" had become so bold at Baltimore that I have seen the lawyers' runners get in the ambulance with the injured person and hold his hand while he signed a contract with the lawyers to handle his case, and at the same time the injured man was so badly injured that he did not know what he was signing. For the benefit of your readers, I will quote the Maryland law relative to "Am- bulance Chasers" passed April 18, 1908, as follows: Section 1 Be it enacted by the general assembly of Maryland, that the following additional section be added to Article 27 of the code of public general laws of Mary- land, entitled "Crimes and Punishments," subtitle "Barratry," to be known as Sec- tion 17-A, and to read as follows: 17-A. Whoever, for his own gain, and having no existing relationship or interests in the issue, directly or indirectly, solicits another to sue at law or in equity or to make litigious claim; or to retain his own or another's services in so suing or mak- ing litigious claim; or whoever, knowingly, prosecutes a case in which his services have been retained as a result of such so- licitation; or cause any case to be insti- tuted without authority; or whoever, be- ing an attorney-at-law, directly or indi- rectly agrees to procure another to be em- ployed as an expert witness or otherwise, or persuades another to be so employed in consideration of his soliciting litigious business, or undertaking to solicit it, or in any other way compensates another for so doing, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $500, or by imprisonment in jail for not more than three months, or by both. Any solicitation as .aforesaid, shall be prima facie evidence that the person so soliciting is doing so for gain. The term attorney-at- law shall include counsellor-at-law, pro- vided that nothing herein contained shall impair or effect the disciplinary powers of the courts of this state over attorneys and counsellors-at-law appearing and practicing in the same. I was connected with the New York Sun in 1908 and assigned to look into "Ambu- lance Chasers" cases in Maryland, which the taxpayers were bitterly protesting against, as so many cases of fatal and per- sonal injuries were being brought to the courts of Maryland by other states; and I was one of eighteen reporters who fur- nished the data for the commonwealth of Maryland, which brought about the above mentioned law. I am, at present, a taxpayer of Minneso- ta, and as a taxpayer, I protest against this system of robbing us by lawyers of the class you so well describe, by brinr ing cases into our courts from other states. I think it time the honorable bar associa- tions of the many counties of Minnesota look into such methods of their colleagues, the same as the bar associations of Mary- land did and have such a law passed as the Maryland law above mentioned. X. X. Reader, The Omaha Bee, June 9, 1914. National Ambulancing sota. last exhibit of efficiency in ambu- lance chasing comes from Minne- Firms of lawyers in Minneapolis and St. Paul have established a system of runners, a literary bureau and employed 30 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE lecturers to go over the lines of the great railways and to seek damage suits. The activities of these men are manifest here. Already a number of cases in the local territory against the Illinois Central Railroad have been transferred to Min- neapolis or have been instituted at Min- neapolis. In the State of Minnesota there is what is known as five-sixths vote for verdict on the part of a jury. A trial judge may not direct a verdict of acquit- tal or a verdict for the defendant in a damage suit, though he may set a verdict aside. These laws are of recent passage. As soon as they were passed groups of law firms in Minnesota immediately began to scour the country for business, seeking to get the business of railroads that have branch lines in Minnesota. The principal roads sued are the Illinois Central and the trunk lines going west out of Chica- go, most of which have main lines or branches in Minnesota. Up to January 1, 1914, 341 cases were imported into Minnesota. There are now 375 cases awaiting trial in Minneapolis and St. Paul. The aggregate amount claimed is $6,358,522. The suits are from seven different states. Ex-railroad employes go up and down the railways lecturing the boys and tell- ing them in case they get hurt to report the matter to the firm for which the so- licitor is working. Of course the ending is worse for the injured party than if he sued at home. If a verdict of $6,000 is returned in Min- neapolis $4,000 goes to the attorneys and the injured man gets the rest. One of the law firms in Minneapolis has a hospital and a corps of physicians. When the injured person files suit he goes there, is thoroughly examined and is thoroughly tuned up for the trial. Ambulancing has been a curse throughout the country for many years. The high cost of living has made it nec- essary for the damage suit attorneys to get more business. Those of them who do ambulancing are therefore driven to greater exertion, but the St. Paul and the Minneapolis men have nationalized ambulance chasing. They have brought it up to date. They have made it effi- cient. Unless local ambulancers organize against these men Minnesota attorneys will get all the business. Editorial, Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tenn. Railways Should Receive More Pay TJ7ASHINGTON, D. C., June 14, ^* 1914. "I am thoroughly con- vinced that for carrying the mails the railroads should be paid a rate that will give them the same returns, per car- mile, that they get on an average from passenger traffic," said former Senator Jonathan Bourne. Jr., chairman of the Joint Congressional Committee on Railway Mail Pay, this morning. "I am speaking entirely for myself and in no manner for the Joint Committee on Railway Mail Pay. My conclusions have been reached after many months' study of the subject. "The desiderata in mail transporta- tion by railroads are frequently, reg- ularity, speed and safety. Mail is car- ried almost entirely on passenger trains. The volume of passenger traf- fic determines and primarily controls the frequency, speed and regularity, and to a great extent 'the safety, of railroad passenger transportation. Hence, everything that is necessary for increased volume of passenger traffic is a relatively corresponding benefit to the mail in its transportation over the railroads. "The Post Office Department has ad- vanced the theory that the mail shall not bear its relative proportion of ex- pensive terminals, ticket agents, and many other things pertaining to the passenger service, but I assert this contention is not sound. The volume ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 31 of passenger business depends on all of those thing's and they are necessary to the increase of passenger business and, hence, necessary for mail trans- portation, and the government should pay its relative proportion of same. "With these premises and deductions I again assert that my own conviction is that the government should at least pay a car-mile rate equivalent to the average passenger car-mile rate for the last five years, assuming the pas- senger car-mile rate to be a just rate, namely, a little over 25 cents per car- mile. If my premises are sound, my deductions are certainly syllogistical. "The duty of our committee is to determine, as far as it is possible to determine, what is a just compensation to be paid to the railroads for the car- riage of mail. The apparent aim of the Post Office Department has been to evolve a method by which the rail- road mail pay could be reduced. Gov- ernment is formed for the protection of its citizens, and the preservation of their personal and property rights. It ought to set an example for all the people and should, therefore, itself do justice to each individual in society. "- Editorial. Nashville, Tenn., Commer- cial News. Sublimated Gall HP PIE queerest damage suit ever in- stituted against a common carrier in this state has been docketed in the Circuit Court of Pike county. A. M. Newman filed a declaration against the Illinois Central Railway asking dam- ages in the sum of $2,999.99, the amount being put at that odd figure to prevent a transfer of the litigation to the Federal Court. Several months ago Newman killed Jack Ansley, conductor on an Illinois Central train at Summit. The two men had engaged in a fight, and Newman claimed that he acted in self-defense. The tragedy aroused much bitterness between friends of the two men, New- man belonging to a prominent family, while Ansley was one of the most pop- ular conductors on the system. Newman was indicted for murder, and acquitted after a hard-fought trial. Ordinarily it would be expected that a man would be satisfied with an out- come of that sort, but not so with New- man. He wants $2,999.99 in perfectly good money from the railroad com- pany's exchequer, not for any damages received in the fight with the conduc- tor who fell victim to his bullet, but be- cause of the annoyance, embarrassment and humiliation the tragic incident has caused him, and also to pay a fee of $2,000 which he pledged to the attor- neys who defended him. Newman does not explain why he wants the additional $999.99, unless it is for mental anguish, or as a balm to his conscience because he slew a fellow- being. Ordinarily, a man with the gall to ask for damages under such cir- cumstances might be expected to file an itemized statement. For instance, he might include therein the cost of the bullets he pumped into the body of his victim, a per diem for the brief period spent in jail while held under the murder charge, and speculative items on the sums he might have made in various ventures during the interval between the tragedy and the acquittal. The Circuit judge who would give serious heed to such a damage suit ought to be taken off the bench and bored for the simples. We opine that Mr. Newman's damage suit will be promptly thrown out of court on a peremptory instruction. The railroads in this state have been buncoed and flim-flammed in shameless fashion, but we do not believe the point has been reached where individuals will be awarded damages because they have killed conductors. Editorial from Jackson Daily News, June 26th, 1914. Interesting Information from the New York News Bureau Illinois Central Increases Car Order. Tuesday, June 23, 1914. ''"PHE Illinois Central has given an order for 2,000 additional freight cars, bringing the total amount up to 5,000, a previous order for 3,000 cars having been placed early this month. Arrangements have also been made by the company for the ordering of steel underframes for 30,000 cars now in service to cover a period of three years or at the rate of about 10,000 a year. The board of directors has also au- thorized the scrapping of 10,000 old 30- ton cars which have become obsolete, and it is expected that this will be ac- complished within the next year. The new cars ordered are of 40-ton capacity, so that it is estimated by the management that the additional ton- nage that will be carried by the new cars, together with the smaller expense in their upkeep, will more than over- come the loss in tonnage as a result of scrapping just double the amount of cars now on order. On March 12 of this year the com- pany ordered 50 Mikado locomotives from the Baldwin Locomotive Works and on March 16, 22 switching loco- motives from the American Locomo- tive Co. These new engines will be delivered in time to be pressed in serv- ice for handling this fall's crops. It is authoritatively stated that the company will do no new financing to provide funds for the payment of this new equipment, but that it will be paid for with funds in the treasury. Nor will it be necessary for the com- pany to do any new financing for the present in order to provide funds to carry on its campaign of improvements and betterments, the details of which have already been published. The order for the 2,000 additional cars is distributed among the following four companies : American Car & Foundry Co., 500; Western Steel Car Co., 500; Standard Steel Car Co., 500, and the Barney & Smith Car Co., 500. Despatches from Chicago recently were somewhat misleading in that they indicated that the company had just undertaken the expenditure of $10,000,- 000 for improvements and betterments to the property. The facts are that many of these proposed improvements have been under way for some time, others were authorized some time ago, but have only recently been com- menced, while still others are nearing completion. The improvements at Kensington, for instance, which will cost between $2,500,000 and $3,000,000 have been un- der way for some time and the work is that of elevating the tracks at that point where several other roads cross the Central's lines. The work at the Memphis terminals also has been under way, and provides for the building of a new passenger station at that city as well as realignments, etc. The 37 miles of double track work is new and has just been commenced. This will probably cost in the neigh- borhood of $1,500,000. The line will extend from Fulton, Ky., and Mem- phis, Tenn., and its completion will give the Illinois Central a double track line all the way from Chicago to New Or- leans. When this new track is laid the necessity of detouring business over other lines will be eliminated and effi- ciency of the system greatly increased. The other miscellaneous improvements at various sections of the system, the most important of which is the Ken- tucky division grade reduction, at a 32 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 33 cost of about $900,000, will also add to the efficiency of the road. One who has recently visited the South in the territory served by the Illinois Central says that the outlook for crops in that section was never bet- ter. The cotton plants in Alabama, Georgia and Louisiana look fine and give promise of a large yield. In Texas some damage has been done, but the indications are that the crop in that State will be about on a parity with last year. This year there will be a large amount of wheat shipped from Okla- homa and Kansas territory and the Illi- nois Central expects to obtain a consid- erable tonnage for New Orleans for ex- port. This movement will be large, it is expected, as the wheat crops in the sections mentioned during the past couple of years have been poor. The road has enjoyed a liberal tonnage of corn, however. With the harvesting of large crops, the purchasing power of the district east of the Mississippi river in the ter- ritory served by the Illinois Central will be very great and it is pointed out that such a condition will make for bet- ter business throughout that section of the country. Therefore, the Illinois Central expects to handle an unusually heavy tonnage this fall on both north and southbound trains. Last year the banks in that section of the country compelled the farmers to pay up their loans after the crops were harvested. As a result, it is stated, there was but a small surplus left for the farmers to spend. This year, however, no such condition will exist and after the crops are moved there will be left a very large free surplus for the rural element to utilize in such ways as may be deemed expedient. Therefore, the prediction is made by experts who have studied the situation in the past that commercial activities will receive considerable stimulus this fall and winter. This condition always results in good earnings for the rail- roads. The Illinois Central will be one of the companies to benefit from it, as it has expended liberal amounts on its property which is now in excellent con- dition, and will be in much better shape when the improvements now under way are completed. It is estimated that the Illinois Cen- tral will earn in the neighborhood of 8 percent on its outstanding capital stock for the fiscal year to end June 30 next. Revenues of the road, it will be recalled, have shown satisfactory increases from month to month until at the close of April there was a gain in gross for the ten months of over $2,000,000 and about $1,000,000 in net after taxes. In April alone the gain in the former item was about $265,000 and $263,000 in the lat- ter, as compared with April a year ago. The company has been free from floods during the entire fiscal period and the large earnings are ascribed not alone to this condition, but also to the high standard of efficiency maintained on all parts of the system. WASHINGTON STREET, VICKSBURG, MISS., LOOKING NORTH AND SOUTH. 34 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE J. W. MARELIUS. The officers and employes of the Traffic Department want to take 'ad- vantage of the columns of The Em- ployes' Magazine to pay tribute to Mr. J. W. Marelius, a loyal and conscien- tious employe of our General Freight Department, who retires from the serv- ice on pension, effective July 1st, hav- ing reached the age limit of 70 years. Mr. Marelius was born in Sweden in June, 1844, and landed in New York just after the close of the Civil War. After struggling in the East for a short time, in a new counry and with a strange tongue, he arrived at Chicago in the early sixties at the foot of Van Buren street, where, in sharp contrast to the imposing aspect of today, he found a crude roadway bordered by rough wooden sidewalks, some being on grade and others as high as twelve feet above grade. After employment as a chemist and later graduating from a local medical school as an M. D., which vocations he afterwards abandoned, owing to the immediate necessity of earning a live- lihood instead of undergoing the "star- vation period" of a young doctor, he secured a position as stenographer in the General Freight Department of the Illinois Central Railroad in 1881, where he gave faithful and loyal service as Secretary to the General Freight Agent and Clerk right up to the dae of his retirement. After thirty-two years of service he is still in full possession of his health and vigor and "Doc" Marelius, as he is fondly called by those who know him well, carries away with him all the best wishes of his co-workers in the Traffic Department, including the officers, from Vice-President Bowes down. One of his immediate superiors makes the following fitting comment : "He is an ardent lover of truth, and as an example of a pure, wholesome and homely man, his association with us, the young and old of the General Freight Department, has been and is our good fortune and blessing." Surely that man has not lived in vain who, after years of struggle and hard work, leaves a thirty-two years' service record with an unsullied reputation for truth and honor. A Compliment to Conductor Ross and Brakeman Coffee Rock Well City, la., May 31, 1914. Dear Sir: I take pleasure to inform you of Conductor N. A. Ross and Brakeman M. J. Coffee of being the most accommodating and civil railroad men I have met in my travels on many roads, and 1 thank you to notify them of same. I remain, a friend of I. C. R. R. A. N. GARDNER. To the Clergy of the United States A Letter from the Secretary of the Church Peace Union Gentlemen : Through the kindness of the press, I am taking this opportunity of ad- dressing you concerning some matters in which you will be greatly interested and of asking your kindly co-operation in the great cause of furthering inter- national goodwill. In the first place, The Church Peace Union has authorized me to offer to the churches five thousand dollars ($5,000) in prizes for the best essays on interna- tional peace. The sum is apportioned as follows: 1. A prize of one thousand dollars ($1,000) for the best monograph of be- tween 15,000 and 25,000 words on any phase of international peace by any pastor of any church in the United States. 2. Three prizes, one of five hundred dollars ($500), one of three hundred dollars ($300), and one of two hundred dollars ($200), for the three best es- says on international peace by students of the theological seminaries in the United States. 3. One thousand dollars ($1,000) in ten prizes of one hundred dollars ($100) each to any church member be- tween twenty (20) and thirty (30) years of age. 4. Twenty (20) prizes of fifty dol- lars ($50) each to Sunday-school pu- pils between fifteen (15) and twenty (20) years of age. 5. Fifty (50) prizes of twenty dol- lars ($20) each to Sunday school pu- pils between ten (10) and fifteen (15) years of age. In the accomplishing of the desired results among the church members and the Sunday-school pupils, and in the awarding of the prizes, The Church Peace Union will have to depend largely upon the assistance which the pastors can render. It is earnestly hoped that the pastors will make the announcement of these prizes in all of the churches and Sunday schools of the United States. In competing for the prizes only one essay should be sent from each church and from each Sun- day school, the essays of the local church and Sunday school being read by a local committee and the one win- ning essay forwarded. It is hoped that from the thousand dollar ($1,000) prize offered to clergy- men one or more essays may be found which will be worthy, not only of the prize, but also of publication and dis- tribution by the Foundation. All essays must be in by January 1, 1915. Further particulars about these prizes, as well as literature to be used in the preparation of the essays, and lists of books can be secured by ad- dressing the secretary of The Church Peace Union, Rev. Frederick Lynch, D.D., 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The churches of the country will be interested in knowing that a world con- ference of ministers interested in the peace movement has been called by The Church Peace Union for the first week in August (3d to 8th) in Switzerland. The German Church Peace Council and the British Church Peace Council are arranging to carry a large number of delegates to this conference, and they hope to meet there many clergy- men from America. It will be a rare opportunity for the American clergy- men to meet their European brethren. This conference will be of an intimate nature rather than of the nature of a great public demonstration, but it is hoped that it may lead up to a great world congress of the churches in the near future. While the Union is ask- ing the churches to appoint official del- 35 36 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE egates, and while several of the lead- ing peace workers among the clergy have been especially asked by the Union to attend this conference, every clergyman traveling in Europe in Aug- ust is not only invited most cordially to be present, but if he is interested in the great world movement toward closer brotherhood and goodwill and the union of the churches in all social reform, he is strongly urged to take part in the discussions. The only cre- dentials demanded will be the desire to help the cause. A great many Ameri- can clergymen will be traveling in Europe this summer, and the Union earnestly hopes that they will adjust their tour so as to be in Switzerland for this first week in August. I would like to hear as soon as possible from any clergyman who is to be in Europe this summer and who would be inter- ested in taking part in this gathering. It will be a very unique meeting, the first of its nature ever held, perhaps the beginning of a great movement. Whoever attends will have the op- portunity of meeting some of the lead- ing pastors of both Great Britain and the Continent. (Signed) Frederick Lynch, Secretary. Mr. Badger, in the Service Many Years, Enters Service of United States Government \4R. WM. W. BADGER, who filled the responsible position of chief clerk to the shop superintendent at Burnside and to the master mechanic of the Illinois Division, has laid down the duties of this position which he very ably performed for a number of years, to enter the service of the Uni- ter States government. He is succeed- ed by Mr. A. J. Gibney, formerly chief clerk to the master mechanic at Mem- phis, Tenn., and who is well known and deservedly enjoys great popularity among his associates in the service. On the evening of May 14th, 1914, a number of the Burnside office force gathered at the residence of Mr. Bad- ger, greatly to his surprise, and after a short season of general conversation, Mr. Stripp (the dean of the office) ad- dressed Mr. Badger, giving expression to a sense of regret which all felt that the ties which had so long united them should now be severed, and wishing him "God speed" in his new field of activity, and presented him, on behalf of his clerical force, with an easy chair to be enjoyed in his hours of rest and recreation ; also a fountain pen, in or- der that he might always be ready for instant action when his loving help- meet required a check. Mr. Badger responded with much feeling, dwelling largely upon the har- monious conditions which prevailed between him and his associates during his term of office. After another short season of music, song and conversation, the visitors were invited into the dining room where they were entertained by Mrs. Badger with her usual grace and amia- bility. During the evening the following "poem," perpetrated for the occasion, was read : To Our Boss. After twenty-two years of service On the good old Illinois Cent., Of which the past ten or eleven At Burnside Shops were spent, Will Badger, chief clerk and respected, Is about to get up and take leave Of his clerks and office companions, Who are bound his departure to grieve. Long years of morn's daily greetings, As each to his own work had sped, Had formed a close friendly fondness ; We have listened with pleasure, his tread. But now he moves onward and upward, ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 37 We wish him "God Speed" where he goes : We extend to him friendship's best wishes Through life's daily sunshines and snows. What'er be his station in future, No matter how high, he will climb, We will call him our own Billy Badger And ever remember the time When at Burnside we labored together ' Oh ! how many hard hours we spent In checking repair incidentals And expense reports down to a cent. These thoughts will come to us often, As we hope they will also to you ; And as you look back, in the future, Consider us your faithful crew. And now, boys, let's give all together, "Three Cheers" and a big "Tiger," too To Will Badger, our friend and com- panion, Who always proved "True Blue." Stripp, Chicago, 111., May 14, 1914. Those present were : The Misses Ma- bel Cox, Anna Kelly and Anna Nberen- berg and Messrs. E. A. Hank, R. A. Burgeson. Edward Rogers. W. H. Schramm, E. A. Dengler, Dale Burk- hart and R. G. Stripp (all of the Burn- side office) and Mr. and Mrs. .E. N. Harding. The bunch of handsomeness above mentioned will be found pictorially represented elsewhere in this issue. TRACK SUPERVISOR JACKSON AND HIS FOREMEN, FIT/TON DISTRICT. ,//, U DEAUTIFUL, historic old Vicks- burg, nestling among the Walnut Hills of Warren county; at her base sweeps the Yazoo river, just a little south of the main city rolls the grand old "Father of Waters," in the back- ground rear the mountain-like hills several hundred feet above the river level, where the eye is greeted with beautiful homes surrounded by flow- ers, shrubbery and giant forest trees, among which the legends of the times long ago say the Indian and wild beasts roamed at will ; in her business district are seem some of the most up-to-date stores, the largest warehouses, banks and shipping facilities of any city in the South. We cannot describe the gran- deur of Vicksburg better than the able and beautiful writers, Chapman and Battaile, in their "Picturesque Vicks- burg" as follows : "A glory of time, a halo of history, like the hallowing effects that endear to memory ancient splendor, hovers over Vicksburg, and throws its charm surcharged with the spirit of sentiment and poetry imperceptibly -around the writer, who essays even in a feeble way to chronicle its past, or to prophesy its future greatness. A subtle power that springs from some mystic source, we know not where or how, carries the mind back to scenes, where the rich redundance of old-time Southern mag- nificence have been glorified by genius. "It is the South the very words act like an incantation upon imagination. It means at once a clime of beauty and bounty, the land of soft and fra- grant airs, perpetual flowers and unfail- ing song birds. It is the mecca of the cultured voluptuary and the asylum of the invalid. &vis m* "No experiences of age dispel the charm of a bright romance. The very soil around us is hallowed with the best and bravest of our countrymen." In the seventeenth century the French had a settlement here, which they called Fort Yasous, whose garri- son was murdered by the Natchez tribe of Indians. Afterwards the Span- iards settled just north of the city lim- its, built a fort, which is still standing, and is known as Fort Nogales, inter- pretation of the Spanish for walnut. The old fort was used by the Confed- erates for river battling in the siege of Vicksburg in 1863. It covers the north end of .Fort Hill and is a most pic- turesque sight, overlooking the Nation- al cemetery, and from its prominence the landscape of the Yazoo delta can be viewed as far as the eye can reach. 'Vicksburg was chartered as a city in 1826, ceded by Newt Vick, a large planter and Methodist preacher, whose plantation site is the present City of Vicksburg. The old Vick home, now located on Cherry street, is the resi- dence of the late W. C. Craig. Many of the Vick family still live in the city, all prominent and highly connected. The county seat of Warren county prior to 1826 has been located at War- renton, a village on the Mississippi river eight miles south of Vicksburg. Just why the county seat was moved from Warrenton to Vicksburg, we have no history to warrant, but it is assumed that Warrenton being located in the lowlands was subject to overflow dur- ing the prevalence of high water and Vicksburg being situated upon the high hills it was thought a more desirable location for the county seat. From the founding of Vicksburg to 38 THE COURT HOUSE, VICKSBURG, AND FAMILIAR SCENES. 40 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE the present time it has developed and grown as has no other Southern city on the Mississippi river, with the ex- ception of Memphis. The founders were evidently men of acute business acumen, reading the possible future of a city so well located as to draw trade from the Mississippi river, north and south, also the Yazoo river and its many tributaries, possibly at the time not dreaming of ever having two large trunk lines of railroad. It was a river town from its foundation up to 1883. In its early history it was the mecca for flat boats that came down the river grain laden, and the magnificent steam- ers that plied the river loaded with heavy cargoes of cotton, grain and oth- er staples. The writer has on many occasions seen as many as fifteen to twenty steamers lying at Vicksburg Landing, some from the Yazoo and its tributaries exchanging cargoes with the New Orleans, St. Louis and Cincinnati boats, others direct from St. Louis bound for the Crescent City, some from the latter city bound up stream for Cincinnati and other points 'twas a sight that one can never efface from his memory. In these days of railroad bustle we look back upon those old scenes and it seems that we can hear the old river songs of the rousters, and the sublime orders from the mate, for there was always a divinity in the lan- guage used by the mates on the old Mississippi river steamers. We seem to hear the creaking of the ropes as the heavy stages are raised or lowered, the janglings of the bells in the engine room, and see the pilot, "Lord of the Boat," swinging around the steering wheel and by reason of his knowledge of the channel avoiding every sand bar and snag between Cincinnati, St. Louis and New Orleans. I will always recall the Mississippi river pilots as my ideal of men ; I will always remember them as a class taught and trained to scorn the word fear; men who with but few exceptions always measured up to their requirements. I remember well the night of 1883 when John Stout of the Robert E. Lee re- mained at his post and amidst the flames of his ship and brought her to land near Waterproof, La. Vicksburg Commercially. Vicksburg has the largest in and out- bound tonnage of any other city in Mis- sissippi, and is recognized as the com- mercial center of North Louisiana, West Louisiana as far as Delhi, South Louisiana as far as St. Joseph, and in Mississippi as far south as Gloster and north as far as Leland. The Vicksburg jobbing houses conduct a very large and satisfactory business with river towns of Arkansas, and with certain sections of Alabama and Texas by rail. The tonnage by river from Vicksburg aggregates three hundred thousand with approximate value of nine million dollars. The city's jobbing lines in- clude packing house products, dry goods, hardware, agricultural imple- ments, machinery, hay, grain, builders' supplies, furniture, ice, oils and drugs. Vicksburg has a progressive Board of Trade, composed of the best busi- ness men of the city, who devote their time and attention to the upbuilding of the city. A more progressive and more conservative body of men would be dif- ficult to find ; the public utility com- panies have nothing to fear from them ; they will meet them in a spirit of fair- ness if a corresponding disposition is shown ; honesty, fairness and progress mark the history of their success. Financial. Vicksburg has six prosperous bank- ing houses, four of which are commer- cial and two savings banks. Capital, surplus and profits aggre- gate one million eight hundred thou- sand dollars, deposits five million six hundred and twenty-five thousand dol- lars. The Vicksburg banks are well man- aged, pay good dividends and are per- fectly sound, having excellent connec- tions in the great financial centers, are able to extend to desirable customers very liberal lines of credit. Indeed, so solvent are the banks of Vicksburg and so conservatively managed that not- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 41 withstanding some recent years of business depression there have been no bank failures here since 1883. Agriculture. North of Vicksburg lies the great Yazoo Delta, the wonderland of not only America, but the world ; the Val- ley of the Nile cannot cope with its fertility, where each acre of cotton properly tilled produces from 400 to planters in that section has been turned to truck, vegetables and stock raising; the latter is destined to become one of the most important features of farming in South Mississippi. The pastures grow Bermuda grass nine months in the year, and there is always found a plentiful supply of water from the many springs that bubble up at the base of the hills; this is not advertise- 500 pounds of lint cotton. The delta extends from Lake View south to the Yazoo river, from which Vicksburg draws an immense trade, principally cotton, much sought after by the Eng- lish spinners because of its length of staple and strength. South of the city in recent years the Mexican boll weevil has retarded cot- ton raising, and the attention of the ment, or theory, but an unbiased state- ment of conditions as they exist. Hay is also raised in quantity. When the possibilities of stock rais- ing are understood the land will great- ly increase in value and undoubtedly Vicksburg will boast a packing plant that will redound to its advantage. Churches. Vicksburg has some of the hand- 42 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE VICKSBURG CITY HALL. somest religious edifices of any city of its size in the South, pictures of many of which will appear in this issue of the Illinois Central magazine ; St. Paul's, the Roman Catholic, and Christ Church, and the Episcopal being the old landmarks of the ante-bellum days. Educational. There are few cities in the South with better educational facilities than Vicksburg. A very handsome high school, to cost fifty thousand dollars, is nearing completion. It will be ready for use in the fall. Besides the high school, we have the Southern Business College, the St. Aloysius College for boys and St. Francis Xavier Academy for girls and small boys, and All-Saints' College for young ladies. The faculties and teachers generally are of high grade. Manufactures. There are few Southern cities equipped with manufacturing plants, but Vicksburg has in the past years made wonderful progress in this re- spect. However, there is sufficient raw material at our doors now for many substantial factories. We have oak, ash, cypress, gum, cottonwood, willow, hickory and pecan. With river transportation these tim- bers are rafted from the smaller streams and floated or towed to the factories at a very small transporta- tion cost. The prospector for manufacturing enterprises would do well to investi- gate Vicksburg. The fuel problem is not a hard one; the Illinois and Kentucky mines, situ- ated a few hundred miles north ; the Alabama mines, two hundred miles east, and the coal from Pennsylvania, which is barged direct to the city, give us a plentiful supply at reasonable fig- ures. City Government. The city's government is adminis- tered by a body of progressive and high-class gentlemen, composing the mayor, two commissioners, police judge, city clerk, city assessor and city attorney. Suffering for years from the "Carpet Bag" mis-rule or reconstruction peri- od, Vicksburg was slow in developing its municipal improvement. Lately, however, the city has gone forward in leaps and bounds; miles of streets ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 43 have been paved, a modern sewage system installed and the construction by the city of a modern water works plant has begun. Few cities in America today can boast of a better record than shown by Vicksburg during the past five years, having by strict economy paid for its improvements out of the current funds without resorting to a bond issue. Vicksburg has an up-to-date fire de- partment, fully equipped with all the modern fire-fighting apparatus, and headed by an efficient fire chief. It is a city that enforces law and order and, while its officers are broad- minded men, the law-breakers are promptly brought to an account. Health. Situated on the high hills with nat- ural drainage, the health of Vicksburg is unsurpassed by any other southern city. Located within a few miles of the city is "Warren Springs," the wa- ter of which has been ana-lyzed, show- ing its medical properties to be far superior to many of the noted watering places in the United States in the cur- ing of diabetes and other organic troubles. This spring for a number of years had been used by negroes and the heal- ing qualities of its water were only ascertained recently. Surrounding the springs is a most beautiful tract of woodland made up of beech, magnolia, water oak, cedar walnut and the pine trees and ever- greens. Around the springs are long stretches of level land; an ideal place for a ten- nis court and golf links. A trip to these springs carries the vis- itor through the National Military park, and with the improved gravel roads now under construction it is but a few minutes' drive from the city. Climate. In the coldest weather the tempera- ture seldom goes below thirty-five, and snow or sleet is rarely experienced. In the summer months the tempera- ture will not go over one hundred, and is usually tempered by a breeze ; pros- trations from heat are practically un- known. Transportation. Vicksburg enjoys the benefit of river as well as rail transportation, the for- mer giving the city eight hundred miles of intrastate transportation facilities on the Mississippi, the Yazoo and its EVEE, VICKSBURG. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 45 tributaries, with sufficient water for navigation the greater part of the year, the new locks and dams being installed by the National Government in the "Big Sunflower river" will open that stream to navigation the year round. The city is served by the Yazoo & Mis- sissippi Valley Railroad, the Queen & Crescent System, and enjoys a very low freight rate, being one of the Mis- sissippi river basing points for making rates to compete with water competi- tion. The Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad have their shops here with a payroll of from three to five hundred employes ; and as it is a" division ter- minal, many of the train and engine- men receive their wages and have their homes here. Conservatively estimat- ed, the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad disburses about two hundred thousand dollars per month in the City of Vicksburg. A Residence City. As a residence city, it is "par ex- cellence." In fact, the entire city is one of substantial business houses and beautiful homes, surrounded by flowers typical of the old South. Vicksburg, as much as any city South of the Ohio river, has retained the culture and hos- pitality that made the South the most delightful section on the globe to visit. Public Buildings. Vicksburg has one of the largest Government buildings in the South. Warren County court-house is one of the most unique as well as beautiful old buildings in the city, standing on a high hill, surrounded by terraced lawns, it is indeed good to look upon. The fact that it is of ante-bellum archi- tecture adds to its beauty. The dome of this building is four hundred feet above the river level. The old structure is today as sound as the foundation upon which it is built, though it is fully sixty years old. During the reconstruction period many a stormy debate and many an encoun- ter took place within its historic walls. During the siege, one of the many canon balls that was shot from the Fed- eral fleet found lodgement in its tower, but like, the scars of the war has like- wise been smoothed and cemented so as to leave no trace. In order to get a real view of the city and its surround- ings, the tourist is advised to go up into the dome of the court-house. To the south will be seen the grand old river, winding its way to the Gulf like a silver braid; to the north the large Louisiana plantation with its whitewashed houses and gins. To the west is seen the National Military park with its beautiful monu- ments and winding roads. Looking north on the Valley Railroad can be seen the National cemetery, filled with beautiful shrubbery, trees and the white markers that show where over seventeen thousand soldiers lie buried. Looking south upon the city we see it in all its splendor. Public Improvements. In a decade, under the management A RESIDENCE OF THE OLD REGIME. 46 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE A VICKSBURG HOME. of Captain Rigby, the National park has been constructed. The building of this park brings numbers of tourists to Vicksburg each season. Up to 1875, Vicksburg was on the Mississippi river proper, that stream running around a long bend that swung entirely around the city, the river running north frdm where Delta Point now stands to the National cem- etery, thence south along the city front. This was known as DeSoto Point. The lower end of this point caved through into the, lower wing of the Mississippi river, leaving DeSoto Point, DeSoto Island and Vicksburg on a lake, afterwards named "Centen- nial," as the lake was formed in 1876, the year of the Centennial in Phila- delphia to celebrate the 100th anniver- 'sary of America's independence. For a number of years the city was com- pelled to handle its river traffic from south of the city at a place that was then known as Klineston, where the wharf boat was moved from Clay street. The citizens inaugurated a steam street railway of narrow gauge type from Levee street, where the Vicksburg Ice Company now stands, to Klineston, in order to take care of the river business. This was before the building of the Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Railroad Co., and as a bit of history connected with that road we will explain that the original railroad was built from Warrenton to the suburbs of Vicksburg, its terminus being where the viaduct of the Queen & Crescent Railroad now crosses the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley, its Southern terminus south as far as the Howell Goodrum Field one mile south of where Glass Station now stands. This road was chartered under the name of Vicksburg, Ship Island & Pen- sacola Railroad Company. The road failed and was taken over by the Vicks- burg Street Railroad Company, which latter company extended it as far as the Big Black river and sold out its interests to the Louisville, New Or- leans & Texas Railroad in 1882. Thus from this street railroad was born the present trunk line that now links 48 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE Vicksburg with the Illinois Central Railroad. After the cut-off across De- Soto Point left Vicksburg an island town, the business interests of the city immediately sought aid from the Na- tional Government to divert the Yazoo river through Old river, thence by canal into Lake Centennial. The first survey of the route was made by Ma- jor T. G. Dabney in 1877, and later in 1890 under the direction of Major J. H. Willard of the United States Engineers. The undertaking was begun in. Janu- ary, 1895, and under the management of Major J. H. Willard it was com- pleted in 1903, when the bells of river commerce again rang for joy. Vicks- burg was again on the river where the largest steamers can come to her wharves. The cost of building this canal was one million eight hundred thousand dollars. Vicksburg Merchants. The class of business men in any ca- pacity not having the confidence of the public cannot long stem the tide of commercialism. We find many of the Vicksburg merchants that have been in business here for the past fifty years, the original heads of some of the larg- est firms are still actively engaged, many others having left their business to be conducted by their children un- der the original firm's name. This speaks volumes for the confidence that the people of Vicksburg and its trade centers have in their merchants. A more courteous or better equipped lot of merchants cannot be found in any AN ARCHITECTURAL FEATURE OF THE CITY. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 49 VICKSBURG SANITARIUM city. Records prove that there have been fewer failures in Vicksburg than any city in the state. Vicksburg Society. Few cities have a more chivalrous class of gentlemen than this historic old city, nor can more beautiful or graceful ladies be found than here. There is no country under the sun where strangers are more hospitably received than here. There are several social clubs in the city, all of which are up-to-date and of modern structure and furnished luxuriantly, where the young- people can enjoy themselves with read- ing, music, dancing, golf-playing and other amusements. To appreciate the class of society, the easy, gentle man- ners of the Vicksburgers, the stranger has only to watch the throngs late in the afternoons as they move about the places of amusement, theater, automo- biling, moving pictures and street car excursions. All appear happy and bright and seem to vie with the South- ern sky in keeping peace with that serenity that health and happiness alone can give. During the spring and summer months the people spend much of their time out of doors, taking ad- vantage of the cool air and enjoying the scenic beauty that is to be had in any part of the city. Vicksburg Streets. Vicksburg has some of the prettiest streets. that are to be found. Most of them are overhung with forest trees, many of them have been standing since the foundation of the town. In many of the residence streets they are beau- tified by such flowers as the Crepe Myrtle, the honeysuckle, calldaium, cape jessamine and other foliage of tropical growth. Its business streets are scenes of activity from early morn- ing until late in the afternoon, Wash- 50 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE ington street being the main thorough- fare of the heart of the city. Vicksburg is a city of natural advantages in so far as commerce is concerned, and when the Panama canal is opened no doubt there are greater possibilities in store for it. Situated where it can draw the trade from all points of the compass, there is but little doubt in the optimistic mind that it will advance in the future as rapidly as in the past. In 1900 the city had a population of 14,892, in 1910 20,814. The population now is estimated at 25,000. Bank deposits in 1895, one million no hundred and seventy thousand. In 1914, five million six hundred and twenty thousand. Postal receipts, nine- teen hundred thirty thousand seven hundred dollars; in 1910, fifty-four thousand dollars. Assessed value of property in 1903, six million seven hun- dred forty-three thousand. In 1914, eleven million dollars. The Vicksburg Light & Traction Company have a line of street railway fifteen miles long, that runs into the suburbs and takes in the National cemetery and park. In conclusion, let us have a glimpse of the river south of the city on the Warrenton road. Looking west from the chain of hills, lately pierced by the engines of war, we see the long and winding reaches of the mighty Missis- sippi bearing on gently to the Gulf; under the hills are twined with bright flowers and beautiful shrubbery, just across the willow-fringed shores are seen, around Delta Point a graceful steamer is to be seen gliding softly and gracefully into the harbor. 'Tis then that the wanderer, having returned home after a long lapse of years, feels a deep sympathy for the "Last Min- strel." 7 Union and Confederate Reunion Vicksburg National Military Park, October 13-16, 1915 T T has been determined to hold a Mississippi, on the dates above noted. - Peace Jubilee, Union and Confed- An organization composed of Union erate Veterans, conducted somewhat and Confederate Veterans, known as along the same lines as the Reunion at The National Association of Vicksburg Gettysburg, Pa., in 1913 in the Na- Veterans, has the matter in hand, tional Military Park at Vicksburg, The officers of this organization arc : EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. A. G. Weissert, Past Commander-in-Chief, G. A. R Milwaukee Leo Rassieur, Past Cpmmander-in-Chief, G. A. R., and President Missouri-Vicks- burg Park Commission St. Louis, Mo. Frank Johnston, Late of 1st Miss. L. Artillery; Ass't Attorney-General of Mis- sissippi Jackson, Miss. Charles R. E. Koch, Past Adjutant-General, G. A. R., and member Illinois-Vicks- burg Park Commission Chicago J. Wynne Jones, Chaplain-in-Chief, G. A. R Baltimore, Md. W. R. Warnock, Commander Dept. Ohio, G. A. R Urbana, Ohio Joseph Rosenbaum, Past Commander Dept. Illinois, G. A. R Chicago James G. Everest, Commissioner Vicksburg National Park . .Chicago J. A. Watrous, Lieut.-Col. U. S. A., Retired, A. A. G. Dept. Wis., G. A. R. .Milwaukee Geo. D. Reynolds, Late Lieut.-Col. 6th U. S. Heavy Art'y; Pres. Judge Court of Appeals St. Louis E. E. Lewis, Vice-Chairman Michigan-Vicksburg Park Com Coldwater, Mich. J. B. Allen, Past Pres't Ohio-Vicksburg Battlefield Commission Athens, Ohio Wm. P. Gault, A. A. Q., Dept. Ohio, G. A. R Columbus, Ohio W. H. Upham, Late Major 2nd Wis. Cav.; Ex-Gov. Wisconsin Marshfield, Wis. Frank Gaiennie, Past Commander U. C. Veterans St. Louis, Mo. H. H. Rood, Member lowa-Vicksburg Park Commission Mt. Vernon, la. John M. Vernon, Member Illinois-Vicksburg Park Commission Chicago Louis Guion, Late Capt. 26th Louisiana Inft'y, Commissioner Vicksburg National Military Park New Orleans John G. Cashman, Late 1st Miss. Light Art'y; Editor of Vicksburg Evening Post.. Vicksburg, Miss. John R. Cook, Capt. Iowa Inft'y; Special Passenger Agent C., M. & St. P. R. R. Co West Union, la. A. M. Trimble, A. A. Gen'l, Dept. of Nebraska, G. A. R Lincoln, Neb. James S. McCtillough, Late State Auditor of Illinois Springfield, 111. James H. Buck, Late 1st Lieut. 72nd 111. Infantry LaPorte, Ind. F. A. ROZIENE, President, W. F. CRUMMER, Secretary, 4316 N. 43rd Ave., 134 S. Kenilworth Ave., Chicago. Oak Park, 111. The object of the reunion, of course, President Roziene is not a little per- is to enable those who were opposed to turbed by the views entertained by each other on many battle fields fifty many Mississippians relative to the years ago, to meet on one of the most failure of the Mississippi legislature to historic of those fields, and to extend make an appropriation to enable their to each other the friendly greeting that state to entertain and care for those one brave man always has for another, who attend regardless of their former affiliations, thereby obliterating the last vestige of In order to correct this idea Mr. animosity that was engendered by the Roziene has issued and generally cir- Civil War. dilated the following statement : 52 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 53 Chicago, June 27, 1914. Dear Sir : It has been brought to my attention that the Senators and the Representa- tives in Congress from Mississippi en- tertain misconstrued views in that The National Association of Vicksburg Veterans, and the states, expected Mississippi to provide entertainment for the visiting veterans as did the state of Pennsylvania at Gettysburg. Feel- ing confident that the friends of Missis- sippi will accept my statement of facts and that a misconstruction exist I beg leave to offer the following : The survivors of Vicksburg cam- paign, encouraged by the Government's liberal participation with the Eastern army survivors in Gettysburg celebra- tion of its semi-centennial of that san- guinary battle to which the coincident Vicksburg success was largely con- tributive, it became eminently proper that the western veterans should also be accorded a well earned celebration. To carry out such purpose, the Na- tional Association of Vicksburg Vet- erans was organized as a national asso- ciation of Northern and Southern Civil War Veterans, of whatsoever branch of service, who served in the Vicks- burg campaign. As a national asso- ciation all states of the Union are equally interested. Incidentally and geographically Vicksburg was chosen the only appro- priate place for this occasion, and con- necting it with the campaign. STATUE OF LIEUT. GENERAL STEPHEN DILL LEE, C. S. A. 54 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE SITE OF INTERVIEW BETWEEN GENERALS GRANT AND PEMBERTON, AFTERNOON OF JULY 3, 1863 ON PEMBERTON AVENUE. In my correspondence with Governor Brewer of Mississippi on this subject, he has uniformly expressed his deep sympathy with the proposition, but be- yond his belief that the people of his state would welcome the veterans to Mississippi soil at no time did he ex- press an expectation that the state would, or could, grant an appropria- tion for the care and entertainment of the veterans. In his message, Febru- ary 19th last, to the legislature for an appropriation of $10,000 he explicitly asked for that sum to be used in pay- ing for transportation for such men in the state who are not financially able to pay their own fare to the celebration. All other states are expected to care for their resident veterans in that respect. Though the celebration will be held on Mississippi soil, it will be in the Military Park owned and controlled as National property. While highly ap- preciating the proverbial spirit of cor- diality and hospitality of the people of that state, we desire it especially under- stood that the state of Mississippi is under no obligations, existing or im- plied, to assume any responsibility in the care and entertainment of the at- tending veterans. They are to be the guests of the United States Govern- ment and at the expense of its 90,000,- 000 people. On April 13th last, Governor Brew- er filed his memorial in United States Senate, asking for an appropriation for the entertainment. April 27th last, this National Association of Vicksburg Veterans also filed in the U. S. Senate its memorial asking for an adequate appropriation for the installment and preparation of the camp, the provision of necessary supplies and plants for the sustenance, care and comfort of the attending guests. Nine Representa- tives in Congress have, unasked as far as I know, introduced memorials and petitions in the House of Representa- tives in behalf of this proposed reunion and celebration. "Mississippi soil" being now much in evidence and her good people much interested and hopeful for success in this undertaking. With much respect for the Missis- sippi delegation in Congress, whom we believe would be pleased to favor their Portrait Tablet of Brig. Gen. Abraham Bu- ford, C. S. A. UNION NAVY MEMORIAL. Portrait Tablet of Brig. Gen. Joseph A. Mower, U. S. V. PANELS OF BATTLEFIELD PICTURES IOWA STATE "MEMORIAL. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 57 constituents and take this matter up, introduce the required bill and through their well-known influence and legis- lative ability have it enacted into the desired ends before the close of the present session of Congress. How- ever, should the Senators or Represen- tatives from Mississippi prefer to be relieved from the case, early informa- tion to that effect will be highly ap- preciated to enable me to turn it over to some of my northern and western friends in Congress who also desire to serve their aged veterans in these their latter days. Yours respectfully and sincerely, F. A. ROZIENE, President. It has been suggested that in all likelihood a visit to the National Mili- tary Park during the reunion can be included in the trip to the Panama Ex- position at San Francisco. A great many people will desire to go through the Canal, and undoubtedly numbers can be persuaded to so time their trip that either going or coming they can at least for a day stop off at Vicksburg. It has been the custom for a number of years for the War Department of the United States to hold in various parts of the country army maneuvers, including not only the regulars of the army, but the militia from the states adjoining. If the Mexican situation is quieted sufficiently, it is within the bounds of possibility that the War DC- BUST OF BRIGADIER GENERAL ANDREW J. SMITH, U. S. V. 59 s."- L-lifUl/ii! L'U t\i it 1" ,j.u -. .! 1C 1 l ; L'lUt. .a- UXXi. ,CL':>L'!:L' ss;. it'iuU viu- 1.01 uitXiU'j'JiiL 1 ULVV.ULU "ituss fii-H. (aturL 1 : lu cufkuLi-Ce uutc/;UL'. latLUU ic. v;uu*. ttilt- IVtlVUMi: IK 8' l^tvlfcULHU. ,-uuu- b-t. vcmt J4. ' . ;,n( t-/it'L" ui r viil; iiuofvU Viiiw: UViA' ( I vt;u iiaev ticu uv A iv.. 1 l; JL'i>:. . i.U'V ULr.:. | Mag ,IUL> /i.l!/ilKM- VtiL '.'UiL'U fil-f-lLl!/il'ii. < - t.Oll Hit 1 H .'MliUU LlLliCiUI /jc. IVLUL: t KU CONFEDERATE POSITION TABLET ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE 897 TABLETS PLACED IN THE PARK BY THE UNITED STATES. partment may be induced to arrange for the entertainment of the Veterans one of these war schools at Vicks- burg- during the reunion. Again, it may be possible to have some of the lighter war vessels and a torpedo flotilla sent up the river and a naval display be made a part of the entertainment of the Nation's guests. With all these possibilities it is in- conceivable that any one can fail to be enthused. Nothing worth while has ever been accomplished in this world without or- ganization and work. So it behooves those who are interested to perfect an organization, and unceasingly and everlastingly work for the appropria- tion which Congress will be asked to make. ^g^Jg&WP-ff IOWA MARKER ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE 59 MARKERS PLACED IN PARK BY THE STATE. ALBERT W. BIGGS Albert W. Biggs T F A man ever spoke evil of Albert Biggs he did not utter the truth. * :;; * He was loyal to every duty that is imposed upon a son, a husband, a father and a friend." This excerpt from an editorial in the Memphis Commercial Appeal aptly de- scribes the character of Mr. Biggs and will meet the sincere endorsement of those who knew him. Mr. Biggs was a native of Trenton, Gibson county, Tennessee, and there he spent his boyhood and received his early education. He was the son of Dr. Zack Biggs, who survives him, and of Julia Elizabeth Raines Biggs, who died in 1909. After graduating at the Trenton high school he attended the Vanderbilt Law School in Nashville, where he graduated in 1892 with the degree of LL. B. Returning to Tren- ton, he entered the practice of law and his capacity as a lawyer at once became apparent. In 1903 he was married to Miss Margaret Pharr, of Kenton, Tenn., who with a son of ten years sur- vives him. Shortly after his marriage, he moved to Memphis to become a partner in the firm of Carroll, McKellar, Bullington & Biggs. In 1905, the office of general solicitor of the Y. & M. V. R. R. Co. was established at Memphis, Mr. Burch being appointed general solic- itor. Between him and Mr. Biggs there had long existed a close friend- ship, as the result of which Mr. Biggs was made assistant general solicitor. This relation continued until late in 1906 when, upon the resignation of Judge Tim E. Cooper, who had been local attorney at Memphis for the I. C. and Y. & M. V. Railroads, Mr. Biggs, desiring to return to general practice, was appointed to fill that vacancy a position which he retained until his death. He at once formed a partner- ship with Mr. G. T. Fitzhugh, which continued until 1913 when the firm was dissolved and Mr. Biggs associated with himself Mr. Thos. A. Evans. Mr. Biggs' law practice was one of the largest in Tennessee. He was local attorney for the I. C. R. R., the Y. & M. V. R. R., the St. L. & S. F. R. R., the M. & O. R. R., the Merchants' Cot- ton Compress & Storage Company, and other large corporations. In addition to this, he was a director of and the at- torney for the Bank of Commerce & Trust Company, the largest financial institution in Tennessee, and had an ex- ceptionally valuable practice as the rep- resentative of individuals. In his career as a lawyer, Mr. Biggs measured up to the highest ideals of the profession, and his best asset was the confidence which the courts reposed in him a confidence entirely deserved. His qualities as a lawyer consisted not merely in an exceptional ability as an advocate in the trial of cases before both courts and juries, but in the soundness of his judgment, his re- sourcefulness, and his unusual fore- sight. Added to this was a remark- able personality which enabled him to win the confidence and regard of those with whom he came in contact, even in opposition as the result of which he had an unusual ability for carrying conviction whether in conference or in court. In his relations with the Illinois Cen- tral and Y. M. V. Railroad Com- panies, Mr. Biggs was all that they could have wished him to be. His first railroad clients, their affairs engaged his interest peculiarly; and certainly no clients were ever served with greater ability or more unfailing loyalty. There is not an officer of these companies who does not feel a keen personal regret over his death. Mr. Biggs' private life was not mere- ly so free from wrong as to be above reproach, but was even more. He was clean in mind, in morals and in conver- 61 62 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE sation; an ideal husband and father, a loyal friend. As Bishop Hoss, who had long known him intimately, well de- scribed him, "He was a great gentle- man." He was a member of the Methodist Church and took an active part in its affairs. He was one of the leading counsel for the church in the recent liti- gation before the Tennessee Supreme Court affecting the relations of the church to Vanderbilt University. His argument in that case before the Su- preme Court was declared by many who heard it to have been one never surpassed and rarely equalled in the history of Tennessee advocacy. It was likened, and justly, to the great argu- ment of Mr. Webster in behalf of his alma mater in the Dartmouth College case. He was a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity, a Mason, and a mem- ber of the Tennessee Club, the Chick- asaw Club, the Business Men's Club and the Country Club of Memphis. He was also a member of the American Bar Association, in whose deliberations he took an active part, and of the Ten- nessee Bar Association. Of the latter, he was the president for 1912-13. The Bar Association of Illinois and that of Missouri each paid him the unusual compliment of inviting him to deliver an address before them and his effort on both occasions received wide and notably favorable comment. In a memorial of this kind, it is scarcely permitted to attempt a por- trayal of his home life. Still, it was there that the beauty of his character was most apparent and those who knew him intimately love to speak of the con- stant and unfailing consideration, cour- tesy, respect and affection he felt and exhibited towards the inmates of his home. In his relations with the com- panion of his life, respect and affection rivalled each other and his son he taught no less by example than by precept. He was taken sick May 15. 1914, and steadily grew worse, nis death occur- ring at St. Joseph's Hospital in Mem- phis at 7 :15 a. m. of Sunday, June 28th. His remains were carried to Trenton, Tenn., the home of his boyhood, and interred in the cemetery there. A spe- cial train furnished by the Illinois Cen- tral Railroad Company took a large party of his relatives and friends to Trenton, where they were met by al- most the entire population of that town who had assembled to pay a last trib- ute to their friend and fellow towns- man. Expressions from them, heard on all sides, bespoke the genuine affec- tion in which they held him. Mr. Biggs' death deprives the Ten- nessee Bar of one of the ablest and best men it has ever known ; it deprives a wife and son of a noble and devoted husband and father; it deprives hun- dreds of people in Tennessee and else- where of a loyal and beloved friend. Well mav it be said of him as of the noblest Roman nobiiis et vlr fortissi- mus. H. D. M. ILLUSTRATING TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, VICKSBURG. Get Acquainted Meeting, St. Louis Division HP HE station agents of the St. Louis Division, and their forces, were in- vited by the Division Staff to participate in a "Smoker and Get-Acquainted" meet- ing in the office of Superintendent, at Carbondale, 111., Sunday, June 21st, 1914, for the purpose of forming a closer ac- quaintanceship. The attendance, how- ever, was so much greater than antici- pated the offices would not accommodate standing room, much less reasonable and comfortable accommodation ; therefore, arrangements were immediately made for the use of the Masonic Hall, where the meeting was called to order at 10 :30 a. m., lasting until late in the evening. The following is the name of each in- dividual assembled, his address and position. W. S. Williams, Superintendent and Chairman. H. J. Roth, Train Master. C. W. Shaw, Train Master. F. B. Oren, Road Master. D. B. Di:key, Chief Dispatcher. P. E. Odell, Night Chief Dispatcher. J. W. Branton, Master Mechanic. O. A. Garber, Master Mechanic. H. E. Exby, Traveling Engineer. S. Turlay, Traveling Engineer. J. H. Boodro, Traveling Freight Agent. J. L. East, Agent, Loss and Damage Bureau. E. J. Weynacht, Traveling Passenger Agent. W. R. Givens, Assistant Train Master. Geo. McCowan, Special Agent. W. M. Hale, Loss and Damage Bureau. A. M. Umshler, General Yard Master, Centralia. G. D. Buck, General Yard Master, E. St. Louis. J. D. White, General Yard Master, Carbondale. J. W. McKinney, Supervisor B. & B., Carbondale. T. A. Robertson, Supervisor, Carbon- dale. H. A. Bradley, Route Agent, American Express Co. Fred Howell, Route Agent, American Express Co. Phillips Jay, Claim Agent, Carbondale. B. Runalls, Claim Clerk, Carbondale. H. C. Marmaduke, Division Account- ant, Carbondale. F. W. Rankin, Asst. Chief Clerk to Supt., Carbondale. M. S. Carr, Chief Clerk -to Roadmas- ter, Cafbondale. P. Chastaine, Chief Time Keeper, Car- bondale. H. Cnlley, Time Keeper, Carbondale. H. A. Grandstaff, Chief Clerk to Chief Dispatcher. Fred Hobbs, Percentage Clerk. Geo. E. Walkup, Stenographer, Supt. A. G. Moody, Secretary, Supt. H. C. Atherton, Asst. Car Distributer. F. Rauch, Car Distributer. S. W. East, Dispatcher. J. A. Robertson, Dispatcher. R. O. Wells, Agents, E. St. Louis. W. H. Rhedemeyer, Chief Clerk to Agent, E. St. Louis. T. D. Ladd, Agent, Cairo. H. V. Lind, Chief Clerk to Agent, Cairo. A. Steele, Chief Warehouse Clerk, Cairo. F. M. Block, Agent, Mounds. M. J. Moffett, Agent, Pinckneyville. B. F. Williams, Agent, Carbondale. C. R. Isherwood, Agent, DuQuoin. W. A. Steers, Agent, Metropolis. A. Lindsay, Agent, Murphysboro. I. C. Barbee, Agent, Herrin. W. Syfert, Agent, Coulterville. W. T. Elrod, Agent, Marissa. N. C. Chrisman Agent, Lenzburg. J. G. Mulcaster, Agent, Makanda. W. A. Hamilton, Agent, Gale. G. W. Mercer, Agent, Marion. Robert Simpson, Cashier, Marion. A. M. Mathis, Agent, Tamaroa. H. A. Spear, Agent, Ashley. 63 64 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE Wm. Chrisman, Agent, Irv- ington. H. S. Noble, Agent, Balcom. J. K. West, Agent, Brook- port. G. A. Ballegee, Agent, Round Knob. J. C. Ragsdale, Agent, Bois. S. B. Morris, Agent, Simp- son. T. E. Crawford, Agent, Til- den. C. W. Downs, Agent, Christo- pher. R. J. Stokes, Agent, Rich- view. End. E. J. Hobbs, Agent, West S. J. Woodward, Agent. New Athens. J. P. Bradley, Agent, Thomp- sonville. R. J. Arndt, Agent, Raleigh. J. S. Breeze, Agent, Galatia. T. T. Turner, Agent, Pulaski. T. A. Gannon, Agent, Mounds City. R. E. Breeze, Agent, Ziegler. J. F. Settlemoir, Agent, De- Soto. W. T. Wright, Agent, Carter- ville. W. H. Lauder, Bill Clerk, Car- terville. J. A. Green, Agent, Cobden. G. T. Starkweather, Agent, Grand Tower. S. H. Tripp, Agent, Reynolds- ville. E. Hobbs, Agent, Mulkey- town. W. E. Williams, Agent, Eldo- rado. S. F. Quinn, Agent, Hanaford. E. E. Copeland, Agent, Creal Springs. The meeting was first called to order on the lawn adjoining the Division Offices, where the Introduction Committee pro- ceeded to make everybody in the party acquainted. Approxi- mately one hour was consumed in completing introductions and arranging for a photograph of the party. Those assembled then repaired to the Masonic Hall where the meeting was called to order. The object of the meeting was for the purpose of getting acquainted and spending the day, and while it is not the inten- tion to have this considered a regular agents' meeting, there were so many agents present, a number of subjects were dis- cussed having reference to the duties of the station agent, which in part were as follows: Co-operation. Safety First. Courtesy to Public. Joint Facilities. Prompt Movement of Loaded and Empty Cars. Reduction of Claims and other subjects I will not take the space to enumerate; all of which were very intelligently re- sponded to .and a number of very good and instructive talks were made by different agents and others present, which served in a co-operative and educational direction. At one o'clock the meeting was adjourned and the party was escorted to the hotel, where lunch was served. Meeting was again called to order at 2:30 p. m., and discussion on above sub- jects resumed, continuing until 5:00 p. m., when meeting stood adjourned, a number present being required to meet trains to return home. It was suggested that an announcement of this meeting and a meeting of this character will have a great deal to do in the direction of strengthening the organization, making the individ- ual better satisfied, placing him in a position to better serve the Company and the public, and also make it easier to handle the business with his fellow employes. It was suggested that an announcement of this present be photograph of those present be published in the Illinois Central published in the Illinois Central Magazine. I am, therefore, en- Magazine. I am, therefore, enclosing you one picture, and if this suggestion meets with your approval will you be kind enough to so arrange? Very truly. W. S. WILLIAMS, Superintendent. _ Hew to lave; _ It is not me Science or curing Disease so much as trie prevention or it tnat produces tne^reatest gjaxl to Humanity; One of tne most important duties of a Healtn Department should be tne educational service A A A A A teacning people now to live A A A A A NEW HOSPITAL CARS. HpHE Illinois Central Railroad Com- pany has just completed the build- ing of a high-grade "First Aid" car, which is expected to be of great ad vantage in the handling of emergency cases of serious injury. This particu- lar car is fully equipped with all mod- ern surgical appliances to render the most efficient first aid attention in even the most serious injuries. It is planned to make this the first of a number of such cars which will be built by the company for the purpose of having one car at each of the larger terminals, where it will be available for move- ment promptly to the scene of any acci- dent or derailment, where it is neces- sary to look after a number of seriously injured persons. Only the surgeon, who has engaged extensively in emer- gency surgical work following railroad accidents, can realize the many disad- vantages to which a surgeon is put in ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 67 attempting to render the necessary care to the individual who is seriously in- jured out on the line away from all modern hospital conveniences. A num- ber of the different railroads in the past have from time to time built a very elaborate hospital car, each system planning to have but one such car. The Illinois Central, however, is the first railroad in the country which is put- ting into effect the idea of having a number of such cars which will be lo- cated at the various places along the system with a view of having at least one car situated conveniently in the case of a serious accident to a number of persons. These cars, as will be noted from the accompanying photographs, are built very much on the plan of the standard box car, but ample facilities for light and ventilation have been pro- vided. The means of ingress and egress are well provided for. In the interior, the equipment consists of two beds with facilities for installing other simi- lar equipment on short notice. These beds can quickly be transformed into a stretcher, and when the injured man is put upon this stretcher and carried into the car, he is practically placed into a bed which has adjustable springs without it being necessary to move him again. These adjustable springs are suspended on a number of chains which furnish the most comfortable freedom from the jar of the moving train. Every convenience has been pro- vided for surgical treatment, and even a major surgical operation can therein be safely performed in the event that conditions would indicate it. Or in other cases, the patient, after the nec- essary first aid has been afforded him, can quickly be transferred to a hospi- tal. However, the many facilities of this car render it practically a small hospital on wheels, and amounts to the transferring of a small hospital to the scene of any serious accident. The car is equipped with operating tables, hot and cold water, instrument tables, cab- 68 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE inets, excellent light, and in fact, all of ciency with modern surgery, and prom- the necessary conveniences to do the ises incalculable benefit to any who best modern surgery. may be so unfortunate as to receive This is one of the great advances of serious injuries along the right of way a combination of modern railroad effi- of this company. INTERIOR HOSPITAL CAR. Appreciates Artificial Limb Furnished by the Hospital Department National City, National Stock Yards, 111., May 4, 1914. Dr. G. G. Doudall, Chief Surgeon, I. C. R. R. My Dear Doctor : It is with much pleasure that I take this opportunity to say that I heartily appreciate the kindness of the Hospital Department in fitting me with a most satisfactory limb, and will say that the limb furnished me at the expense of the Hospital Department is as good an artificial leg as any that I have ever seen and is considerably better than a great majority of those with which I have compared it. I am on it 15 hours a day and am walking most of the time, what better test do I need to prove its quality. I do not hesitate to recommend this leg to any one. Respectfully yours, G. L. MITTEN, National City, National Stock Yar'ds, 111. Jubilee Celebration of Engineer C. R. Smith Who Has Retired on Pension, Louisiana Division, February 28, 1914 /^\N Thursday night, May 21st, Mc j Comb City, Miss., was the scene of one of the most enjoyable affairs that has ever taken place in that little city. The occasion was the celebration of the Jubilee of Engineer Mr. C. R. Smith commemorating his fifty years' continu- ous membership in the B. of L. E. and his long and faithful service to the I. C. R. R. Co. as engineer, on his retiring from active service. The invitations were of a very unique design, showing a photo of Mr. Smith as a young man beside an old wood burn- er, in 1863, and on the other side his photo, in 1914, beside a Pacific type loco- motive, showing the change time has made on the man as well as the engine. Upwards of 150 people responded to the invitations, composed principally of Engineers and their wives while amongst the special guests were a large number of the local officials and leading citizens of the town. Amongst those present were : Mr. C. M. Starke, M. M., Messrs. J. D. Harrell and George Mclntyre, Traveling Engi- neers ; Messrs. C. L. Carroll and H. P. Campbell, Train Masters ; Mr. J. Schnei- der, Chief Dispatcher; Mr. W. J. Shea, Foreman, Mr. W. P. Bonds, Dispatcher and wife, Mr. H. P. Hughes, Superin- tendent City Schools and a number of others. Letters of regret at not being able to be present were received from Mr. T. J. Foley, General Manager, Mr. R. W. Bell, General Superintendent Mo- tive Power; Mr. J. F. Porterfield, Gen- eral Superintendent, also from W. S Stone, General Chief B. of L. E., each of them expressing in the highest terms their appreciation of Mr. Smith's long and faithful service. Mr. Foley's mes- sage being especially kind and in the name of the Company, conveying a glow- ing tribute to Mr. Smith for his splendid record, and best wishes for his future welfare. While the audience was being seated the High School Orchestra played a se- lection of popular music in a manner which reflected credit on themselves and their gifted leader, Miss Whitnell : Program Meeting called to order 8 :00 P. M. E. R. Harlan, C. E. Music by Orchestra. Special Business. Presenting Bro. C. R. Smith with badge. Quartette Old Kentucky Home. Messrs. Hainer, Lee, Gatlin and Dodds. Presentation to Bro. C. R. Smith. Mr. A. M. Stewart. 69 70 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE Refreshments. Piano Solo. Miss Marie Harlan. Toast The Machinery Department. Mr. C. M. Starke. Vocal Solo A Perfect Day, Miss Willie Kimbrough. Toast Transportation Department, Mr. H. P. Campbell. Violin Solo Canzonetta, Miss Olive Ellsworth. Toast The Ladies, With presentation to Mrs. C. R. Smith. Mrs. J. S. Harris. Quartette Bohunkus. Orchestra. Master of ceremonies J. R. Hoskins. Mr. E. R. Harlan, C. E., called the meeting to order, and in appropriate manner briefly stated the purpose of the meeting after which Mr. J. M. Hoskins took charge of the proceedings as M. C. and he made an ideal Chairman, by his witty, eloquent, and appropriate intro- duction of the various speakers. As a prelude to the business of the evening a mock trial of Mr. Smith was staged as he was accused of being too old, accused of stealing oil, and various other offences. "The Dramatis Per- sonel" were E. R. Harlan, Judge; I. H. Martin, Prosecutor; J. M. Hoskins, Counsel for defense and J. H. Mogan and A. M. Stewart, witnesses. The taking of the testimony of both Mogan and Stewart was exceedingly amusing and kept the audience in a roar throughout the trial, and as part of the evidence an original poem was recited by A. M. Stewart, which added to the hilarity of the evening: Retrenchment. "With apologies to Longfellow and other fellows/' The shades of night are falling fast, As through an I. C. Round-House passed, An anxious looking engineer, Whose eyes around did vainly peer : 'I need the OIL.' " Don't ask for oil, the Foreman said, To grant your wish I am afraid, Aught else I have you may command, But, Oil is strictly "Contraband." "Don't ask for OIL." The Hog-head says "Deny me not, I have two boxes blazing hot, My valves have both begun to wheeze, Please let me have a little grease. 'I need the OIL.' Up spoke the Traveling Engineer, "Your talk to me seems very queer, When I a locomotive ran, I simply let her smell the can, 'But used no OIL.' " The General Foreman then did say, We all must use economy, I might as well begin with you, And cut your oil supply in two. We must save OIL. The Hog-head heaved a bitter sigh, And said some other scheme I'll try, He in a bucket boiled some DOPE Then mixed the scum with Laundry Soap, To make some OIL. Alas, the compound would not do, His boxes hot, then hotter grew, His pistons groaned as if in pain, His main valves squeeled, but squeeled in vain, They needed OIL. And in the morning cold and grey, His engine on a side track lay His valves were cut, a brass was lost, And thus his GOAT gave up the Ghost; For want of OIL. After the evidence was all in it was found that he was only guilty of having been a member of the B. L. E. for fifty years and Judge Harlan sentenced him to wear a Badge of the G. I. D. B. L. E. for the rest of his life, which makes him an Honorary Member of the G. I. D. for life. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 71 After a quartette composed of Messrs. Hainer, Gatlin, Dodds and Lee had sung in taste "My Old Kentucky Home/' the M. C. called on Engineer A. M. Stewart who, in the course of remarks, paid a high compliment to the officers of the I. C. for their fair, courteous, and con- siderate treatment of the employes under their charge, and after paying a splendid tribute to Mr. C. R. Smith for his long and faithful membership in the B. L. E. and his loyal service to the I. C. Com- pany on behalf of the Members of Divi- sion 196, B. L. E. presented him with a splendid slumber chair. In response to the toast of "The Ma- chinery Department," Mr. C. M. Starke, M. M., delivered a most fitting speech, the kindly tone of which, and the beau- tiful language used, making a deep and favorable impression. Mr. H'. P. Camp- bell, T. M., responded in his usual hap- . py style to the toast of the "Transporta- tion Department," and vainly tried to get his partner, Mr. C. L. Carroll, T. M., on the platform for a speech, claiming he was the orator of the McComb Of- fice, but Charlie refused to take the bait and Harry had to wear his laurels alone. Mrs. J. K. Harris was then called upon to respond to the toast of "The Ladies," and in a beautiful, short speech which was splendidly received, she, on behalf of the L. A. and the Engineers and their wives, presented Mrs. Smith with a mag- nificent cameo pin. Mrs. Smith in a very able manner thanked the donors ot the gift and Mr. J. W. Regan also thanked the subscribers on behalf of Mrs. Smith who was too overcome to speak. Throughout the evening the ladies served an elegant supper, and violin, piano, and vocal solos were admirably rendered by Misses Olive Ellsworth, Thelma Stewart, Willie Kimbrough and Whitnall. At the conclusion of the program an informal reception was held and after a short period of getting acquainted, a most enjoyable evening closed. Alex. M. Stewart, Engineer. MONUMENT 11TH WISCONSIN, MONUMENT 21ST, 22ND AND 23D IOWA, MISSOURI GUN, TABLETS AND FRENCH-MARKER, VICKS- BURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK. WAYS SAFDY FIRS Some men are careful, some men are not, As thru the day they walk or trot ; For if the safety rules they follow, Each will have no cause of sorrow. To forget the rules sure causes grief Your slogan's "Careful," not "Relief." For all the rules are for your good, It's easy to have them understood. Reason them out and obey them all, Surely, then, you cannot fall. Today! not tomorrow is the call. From "The Mixer," June 15, 1914. 72 Safety First By R F. Repasz HERE is little, if anything, to be said on the subject of safety first which has not been mentioned by that department. But one can refreshen the mind as to his safety. It seems as though chance and harry play the first part in the safety cam- paign. Thoughtlessness and absent- mindedness taking a secondary part. In life in the midst of and surround- ing a large city, we find chance and hurry flourishing to the last degree, and the city is not the only place we find it; chance and hurry are found even in the more remote parts of the world. We hear too often the exclamation : "Oh ! I'll take a chance," or, "I took a chance." A chance is all right as long as one is on the safe side, but we must re- member that a chance means once, and if we fail, things are not so pleasant. How often do the most careful of us have that impulse to take a chance when coming to a crossing at grade, on the street in front of cars and autos to gain a few seconds, which is of no value considering what may be lost. The in- born instinct of chance predominates invariably. "I'll chance it," once said a man of the rural district coming home after disposing of a load of produce; and that was his last chance ; his home was filled with sorrow. And person after person said: "If he had not" "If," the first and last resort. Stop, Look and Listen, and "if" will not be used. As usual, the blame was placed on the engine crew who had no power to control the impulse of chance in this man. While this happened once, it has happened a thousand times and will 73 74 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE continue till our minds are trained to wait. Yes, the blame is always placed on those in charge. It is much easier to stop oneself, a car, or auto, than to stop a train going at great speed. We know from actual intermingling that if pedestrians would be one-third as much on the alert as the enginemen and train men, we would have little cause for safety warnings. The old warning, "Stop, Look and Listen," has never been surpassed, ar> . : if heeded will place one in perf safety. Therefore, the sorrow of the shadow of death shall not ente 1 homes unexpectedly and the h. i safety shall reign. Safety First Meeting at Mounds r\ N Monday.evening, May 18th, was held the most successful "Safety First" ^ meeting ever witnessed in Mounds. Although only a brief advance notice had been given of the meeting, yet such was the promptness and energy displayed in getting it before the public, that the Owego Theatre was filled to its utmost capacity, the crowd being representative of all departments of Mounds, Cairo Terminal and their famil- ies and other citizens. Among the officials present were : S. S. Morris, Chairman General Safety Committee, Chicago; H. J. Roth, Trainmaster, Carbondale; W. R. Givens, Assistant Trainmaster, Mounds; H. E. Bixby, Traveling Engineer, Carbondale; D. L. Barthel, General Foreman, Mounds; W. H. Putcamp, As- sistant Roadmaster, Mounds; J. W. Kern, Supervisor, Mounds; F. M. Block, Agent, Mounds ; L. Hodge, Assistant Agent, Mounds ; P. G. Bride, General Yardmaster, Mounds; W. H. Stout, General Yardmaster, Cairo. An interesting program was rendered, which we briefly outline as fol- lows: 1 Reading by Mrs. Maude Southall. 2 Solo by Mrs. H. S. Adams. 3 Two reels moving pictures, illustrating dangerous practices of rail- road men and the traveling public. These were very practical and impressive and no doubt will result in much good. After the pictures were shown, the audience listened to a brief and inter- esting address from the chairman, S. S. Morris. Music for the occasion was furnished by the Mounds Orchestra. Much credit for the success of this meeting is due to the untiring efforts of Mr. J. C. Mench, Secretary of the Mounds Railroad Y. M. C. A. CONFEDERATE SOUTH FORT LOOKING SOUTH VICKSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK. Type of Iowa Regimental and Battery Monument. PARK OBSERVATION TOWER. NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, VICKSBURG, MISS. 75 Cave in the City, the Only One Remaining of the Many in Use During the Siege. the 7 Biographical Sketch No. 5 James Frederick Joy, Born in Durham, N. H., December 2, 1810. Solicitor for Illinois Central Railroad Company, September 4, 1852 to 1867. Died at Detroit, Mich., September 24, 1896. He employed Abraham Lincoln to handle certain cases for the road. 76 James Frederick Joy TAMES FREDERICK JOY was born * in Durham, N. H., on December 2, 1810; was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1833, with valedictory ora- tion ; served for a short time as Principal of Pittsfield (N. H.) Academy and as Tutor in Latin at Dartmouth College; took a course in law at Harvard College and was admitted to the bar in Boston in 1836. Immediately thereafter he en- gaged in the general practice of the law at Detroit, Mich., with George F. Por- ter, under the firm name of Joy & Porter. In 1846 Mr. Joy became identified with the corporation which had bought the Michigan Central Railroad and he shaped the legislation in Indiana and Illi- nois under which that road was extend- ed to Chicago. He then specialized in railway affairs, was largely engaged in extending their lines, and he became one of the most noted railway attorneys in the country. He organized and for many years was President of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company ; promoted the railroad from Kansas City to what is now Oklahoma, which road was built with the aid of Government troops, and he built the first bridge across the Missouri River at Kansas City. He was Solicitor for the Illinois Central Railroad from 1852 to 1867, and he em- ployed Abraham Lincoln to handle cer- tain cases, on behalf of the Company. In 185T he undertook the building of the Soo Canal and two years later the first ship canal between Lake Superior and Sault Ste. Marie River was opened; in 1867 he became President of the Mich- igan Central and then resigned as So- licitor for the Illinois Central. When the promoters of the Detroit, Lansing & Northern Railroad failed in New York he took hold of and built that road. He also secured the extension of the Wabash Railroad to Detroit and then projected and built the Detroit Union Depot and yards, for use of the Wabash, Pere Mar- quette, Detroit, Lansing & Northern and Canadian Pacific roads. He served a term in the Michigan Legislature during the Civil War. In 1880 he was delegate-at-large to the Re- publican National Convention. He was a warm personal friend of James G. Elaine and made one of the speeches placing him in nomination for the presi- dency in 1884. His home was unostentatious, his fam- ily and his library furnishing his chief delights. The traits of character which made him the foremost citizen of Mich- igan and a chief factor in the develop- ment of a large section of the country were clearly marked. They were busi- ness integrity, common sense, untiring industry, prompt decision, and unswerv- ing determination. (Compiled from "Thomas Joy and his Descendants," by James R. Joy, and from other data fur- nished by his sons, Richard P. Joy, Pres- ident of National Bank of Commerce, Detroit, Mich., and Henry B. Joy, Pres- ident of Packard Motor Car Company, and from records of Illinois Central Railroad Company.} Some Recent Commerce Decisions C ALT Rates from Minneapolis to New Orleans. On June 9, 1914 (30 ICC Rep., 587), "the Commission authorized an increase from 25 to 30^2 cents, per 100 pounds in these rates via the Illinois Central and other lines. The real basis of Milwaukee's protest was .that under the advanced rate Chi- cago would for the balance of its haul from Chicago to New Orleans on bar- ley from Webster City and made into malt at Chicago, pay 19 cents out of its through rate of 32 cents, while Milwau- kee's balance on a shipment from Chi- cago to New Orleans of malt from bar- ley originating at Minneapolis, would 77 78 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE be 23 cents, but the Commission said, in permitting the advanced rate to be- come effective, that "the shipper whose throu?h rate is reasonable and non- discriminatory cannot complain of the division thereof," citing the Interior Iowa Case, 28 ICC Rep., 64, 73. Shreveport Case When state and federal power with respect to interstate commerce conflict the federal power must control. On June 8, 1914, in the so-called Shreveport Case (Houston East & West Texas R. Co. vs United States), the Supreme Court affirmed the decree of the Commerce Court, 205 Fed. 380, which in turn had sustained the Interstate Commerce Commission's order, the opinion being delivered by Mr. Justice Hughes. The proceeding was brought in the Commerce Court to set aside the Commission's order (23 I. C. C. Rep., 31, opinion by Mr. Com- missioner Lane) on the ground that it exceeded the Commission's authority. The complaint was that the carriers maintained unreasonable class and commodity rates from Shreveport, La., to various points in Texas, and that they unjustly discriminated in favor of traffic within the State of Texas and against similar traffic between Louisi- ana and Texas ; the gravaman of the complaint was that they made rates out of Dallas and other Texas points into eastern Texas which were much lower than those which they extended into Texas from Shreveport. Thus, Shreveport, La., is about 40 miles from the Texas state line and 231 from Houston and 189 from Dallas. Shreve- port competes with both cities for the trade of the intervening territory. The rates on these lines from Dallas to Hous- ton eastward to intermediate points in Texas were much less, according to distance, than from Shreveport west- ward to the same points. For example, a rate of 60 cents carried first-class traffic 160 miles to the eastward from Dallas, while the same rate would carry the same class of traffic only 55 miles into Texas from Shreveport. The Commission found that the in- terstate class rates out of Shreveport to the named Texas points were un- reasonable and established maximum class rates for this traffic, which were substantially the same as class rates fixed by the Railroad Commission of Texas and charged by the carriers for similar distances in Texas; it also found that the carriers maintained "higher rates from Shreveport to points in Texas" than were in force "from cities in Texas to such points under substantially similar circumstances and conditions," and that thereby "an un- lawful and undue preference and ad- vantage" was given to the Texas cities and a discrimination that was undue and unlawful was effected against Shreveport. Omitting here the citations and argu- ment, the Supreme Court held, as ex- pressed in the more material portions of the opinion, the conclusion of the court is as follows : 1. "We find no reason to doubt that Congress is entitled to keep the high- ways of interstate communication open to interstate traffic upon fair and equal terms. That an unjust discrimination in the rates of a common carrier, by which one person or locality is unduly favored as against another under sub- stantially similar conditions of traffic, constitutes an evil is undeniable; and where this evil consists in the action of an interstate carrier in unreasonably discriminating against interstate traf- fic over its line, the authority of Con- gress to prevent it is equally clear. It is immaterial, so far as the protecting power of Congress is concerned, that the discrimination arises from intra- state rates as compared with interstate rates. The use of the instrument of interstate commerce in a discriminatory manner so as to inflict injury upon that commerce, or some part thereof, fur- nishes abundant ground for federal in- tervention. Nor can the attempted ex- ercise of state authority alter the mat- ter, where Congress has acted, for a state may not authorize the carrier to do that which Congress is entitled to forbid and has forbidden. . . . It is also clear that, in removing the injurious discriminations against inter- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 79 state traffic arising from the relation of intrastate to interstate rates, Congress is not bound to reduce the latter below what it may deem to be a proper stand- ard fair to the carrier and to the public. Otherwise, it could prevent the injury to interstate commerce only by the sacrifice of its judgment as to inter- state rates. Congress is entitled to maintain its own standard as to these rates and to forbid any discriminatory action by interstate carriers which will obstruct the freedom of movement of interstate traffic over their lines in ac- cordance with the terms it establishes. Having this power, Congress could provide for its execution through the aid of a subordinate body ; and we con- clude that the order of the Commission now in question cannot be held invalid upon the ground that it exceeded the authority which Congress could law- fully confer." 2. Concerning the scope of the power granted by Congress to the Commission in Section 3 of the Act, the Court says that "this language is certainly sweeping enough to embrace all the discriminations of the sort de- scribed which it was within the power of Congress to condemn. There is no exception or qualification with respect to an unreasonable discrimination against interstate traffic produced by the relation of intrastate to interstate rates as maintained by the carrier. It is apparent from the legislative history of the Act that the evil of discrimina- tion was the principal thing aimed at, and there is no basis for the contention that Congress intended to exempt any discriminatory action or practice of in- terstate carriers affecting interstate commerce which it had authority to reach. The purpose of the measure was thus emphatically stated in the elaborate report of the Senate com- mittee on interstate commerce which accompanied it: 'The provisions of the bill are based upon the theory that the paramount evil chargeable against the operation of the transportation sys- tem of the United States as now con- ducted is unjust discrimination be- tween persons, places, commodities, or particular descriptions of traffic. The underlying purpose and aim of the measure is the prevention of these dis- criminations' . . . (Senate Report No. 46, 49th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 215)." Pipe Lines. In United States vs. Ohio Oil Co., the Supreme Court de- cided on June 22, 1914, opinion by Mr. Justice Holmes, that by the amendment of June 29, 1906, to the Commerce Act "the evident purpose of Congress was to bring within its scope pipe lines that although not technically common car- riers yet were carrying all oil offered, if only the owners would sell at their price" ; and the statute was held to be constitutional so far as it contemplates future pipe lines and prescribes the con- ditions upon which they may be estab- lished ; and as to pipe lines already en- gaged in transportation, it was held that such of those lines as claimed to be so engaged were not in fact trans- porting oil within the description of the Act, the argument of the Court on this point being as follows: "It would be a perversion of lan- guage, considering the sense in which it is used in the statute, to say that a man was engaged in the transportation of water whenever he pumped a pail of water from his well to his house. So as to oil. When, as in this case, a com- pany is simply drawing oil from its own wells across a state line to its own re- finery for its own use, and that is all, we do not regard it as falling within the description of the Act, the transpor- tation being merely an incident to use at the end. In that case the decree will be affirmed. In the others the decree will be reversed." Intermountain Rate Case : Long and Short Haul Clause. In United States vs. U. P. R. Co., decided by the Su- preme Court on June 22, 1914, opinion by Mr. Chief Justice White, the Trans- Continental carriers had filed with the Commission their applications for re- lief from the long and short haul clause of amended Section 4 of the Act with respect to traffic from the Atlantic to the Pacific Coast. After hearing, the 80 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE Commission entered an order granting in certain respects the relief prayed but established a proportionate relation to be maintained between the lower rate for the longer haul and the higher rate for the shorter haul upon the basis of percentages, which were fixed with reference to defined zones. Refusing to obey the order, the carriers filed a bill in the Commerce Court, and that Court enjoined its enforcement. Upon sub- sequent appeal to the Supreme Court, it was there held that all questions in- volved depend upon the construction of the Fourth Section of the Act as amended, and the Court reached these conclusions as expressed in the more material portions of the opinion : With respect to the meaning of amended Section Four: "In other words, the elements of judgment, or, so to speak, the system of law by which judgment is to be controlled remains unchanged, but a different tribunal is created for the enforcement of the ex- isting law. This being true, as we think it plainly is, the situation under the amendment is this : Power in the carrier primarily to meet competitive conditions in any point of view by charging a lesser rate for a longer than for a shorter haul has ceased to exist, because to do so, in the absence of some authority, would not only be in- imical to the provision of the Fourth Sectionj but would be in conflict with the preference and discrimination clauses of the Second and Third sec- tions. But while the public power, so to speak, previously lodged in the car- rier is thus withdrawn and reposed in the Commission, the right of carriers to seek and obtain under authorized cir- cumstances the sanction of the Com- mission to charge a higher rate for a longer than for a shorter haul because of competition or for other adequate reasons is expressly preserved, and, if not. is in any event by necessary implica- tion granted. And as a correlative the authority of the Commission to grant on request the right sought is made by the statute to depend upon the facts established, and the judgment of that body in the exercise of a sound legal discretion as to whether the request should be granted compatibly with a due consideration of the private and public interests concerned, and in view of the preference and discrimination clauses of the Second and Third sec- tions." The Court held further that the con- tention that the amended Fourth Sec- tion as so construed is repugnant to the constitution because it is a delegation to the Commission of legislative power which Congress was incompetent to make, is without merit; further that, upon the jurisdictional questions raised, the effect of the amended Fourth Sec- tion was to create no powers thereto- fore non-existing but Simply to re-dis- tribute the powers already existing and which were then subject to review ; and with respect to the validity of the Com- mission's order concerning the fixing of rates by zones, the Court said : "As we have pointed out, though somewhat modified, the zones as thus selected by the Commission were in substance the same as those previously fixed by the carriers as the basis of the rate making which was included in the tariffs which were under investigation, and therefore we may put that subject out of view. Indeed, except as to questions of power, there is no contention in the argument as to the inequality of the zones or per- centages or as to any undue preference or discrimination resulting from the action taken." MISSISSIPPI STATE MEMORIAL, NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI. Illinois State Medical Society Meeting The Illinois State Medical Society Evidently Appreciated the Excellent Service Rendered to Its Patron by the Illinois Central Railroad Company As Is Shown by the Following Extract from the Official Bulletin of That Society As was to have been expected, the Chicago Medical Society Special over the Illinois Central Railroad was a great success. Never before have we been treated with as much courtesy, consideration and attention as shown us by the officials of the Illinois Central. Mr. Carmichael, the division passenger agent, accompanied the train in person and saw to it that nothing was omitted to add to the comforts of those on the train. The dining service for the three days was especially elaborate and the meals served on the diner in Decatur were the talk of the entire convention. Decatur was stifling hot, but the railroad company saw to it, in the park- ing of the train, that the sleepers were placed so that the only breeze blowing circulated directly through the compartments and it was necessary to use the extra blankets. Surely this was solid comfort. It is just such things, where good fellowship abounds, that makes com- plete the trips to medical conventions. 81 The following poem was composed by Harry D. Raymond, an employe of the M. K. & T. Railroad, commonly known as the "Katy." The writer was killed about twenty-three miles south of Parsons, Kan., on April 24th, 1914. "CAN A RAILROAD MAN BE A CHRISTIAN?" Can I live and be a Christian On the railroad with its cares, With its thousand frets and worries, Aggravations here and there? Can I live and be a Christian With so much to make me sad? Can I keep my heart unclouded With no Sabbath to be had? Yes, though there be temptations, From whatever way I will, I can live and be a Christian Working on the railroad still. If my purpose is to follow Jesus who was crucified, I can live and still be faithful, Though I may be sorely tried. But 'tis hard to have no Sabbath- God's appointed day of rest- Yet He put me on the railroad, And He knoweth what is best. I can tell you why he did it. For His sake I'll suffer loss. He will surely make me faithful, Leading switchmen to the cross. And some day, mid awful crashings, Some stout-hearted engineer, Or some worthy, faithful fireman. May just need a word of cheer. Or, may be a brave conductor, Or a hero of the brake, Will need my hurried whisper "Father, save for Jesus' sake." So I'll work upon the railroad, Taking all things as they come; Serving Christ and hoping daily I may be a help to some. Till that day when He shall call me To that glorious land of rest Then, if I have done but little, Christ will know I've done my best. W' r E received a very attractive folder gotten up by the Salt Lake City Passenger Association detailing the points of interest to the traveling pub- lic at Salt Lake City. This, of course, includes the Great Salt Lake, the Mor- mon Temple and Tabernacle, with its world-famed pipe organ where, daily, during the summer season, free recitals will be given. Surely all tourists on their way west will be greatly recom- pensed by a visit to this city which was founded by Brigham Young. Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the brilliant suffragist, said at a luncheon at the Colony Club in New York, in answer to an "anti" : "So you accuse us of over-confidence in the success of the suffrage move- ment. Well, sir, I'd ask you to remem- ber this : 'The hen is no great hand to swagger and strut; but at least she's never been known to cackle before she's laid the egg.' " 82 Get Into the Game By Jewett E. Ricker, Jr., in Opportunity highest compliment I ever heard paid a football player was this : "He was in the game from start to finish. There wasn't a single play pulled off in which he did not do his part." The man referred to was not the "star" of the game. He didn't kick a single goal. He didn't make a single touchdown. He made no brilliant runs. He wasn't cheered. He wasn't car- r j ec j o ff the field on his teammates' shoulders. His name didn't appear in the newspaper leads. BUT in the detailed report of the game he figured in very nearly every play. It was "Brown gained four yards through right tackle." "Brown re- covered the ball on a fumble." "Brown broke through and blocked the kick." Brown I have merely given him that name was always doing some- thing. He was always in the game. In the parlance of the street he was THERE. The men who do the big things in life are not always its heroes. They are not always its leaders. We have had but twenty-eight presidents in the history of this country. Our great heroes of war are comparatively few. A score of volumes suffice to tell the story of our great statesmen. Our hall of fame is not unduly crowded. Yet, in the face of this fact, America has done a good many wonderful things in the last one hundred and thirty-eight years. Generations of men have Jived and died, but our great mausoleums and costly tombstones are rela- tively few. America is not slow to recognize its heroes. But the fact remains that there are many BIG men of history whose names figure but little in its pages. Yet, in their day and time, they played the game they did their part in every play. And that is honor enough. It is not given to all of us to attain what we are accustomed to consider the great triumphs of life. Few of us achieve fame; few riches; few great- ness. But because of this fact it is all the more important that we do the small tasks before us as efficiently as we can. It is only after we have served our apprenticeship behind the gun that we can justifiably hope to be given the bars of rank. It is only after we have seen, and grasped, the small opportunities that confront us each hour that we have a right to expect the bigger ones to knock at our door. Get into the game. Just because you don't expect to be a Woodrow Wilson, or a Rockefeller, or an Edison, is no reason why you should fail to do your full part in the work of the world. When I graduated from school the motto of our class was "Aim High." It was, of course, an excellent motto. Many other classes have had it. But the man who is intent on "aiming high" is quite apt to overlook the equally important things below. He is usually so occupied in aiming that he forgets to pull the trigger when the big moment comes. It is a good plan to set one's ambition at a high notch. But it is an extremely poor plan to set it at so high a notch that discontent and disap- pointment follow. In a foot-race the man who starts out at a terrific pace is nearly always 83 84 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE the fellow who staggers in the last across the line. He lets his eagerness to win dissipate his strength. He allows his ambition to defeat the very end he is striving to reach. All of us cannot achieve the limelight of fame. All of us cannot gain riches. Few of us will ever be heard of outside of the immediate community in which we live. The big triumphs of life the spectacular are left to the few. But because of this fact it does not follow that we must fail. Success is comparative. It is governed by environment, conditions, cir- cumstances. So, while you are busy telling your boy that he may some time be president of the United States, do not forget to impress upon his mind that he may also achieve success this side of the White House. The greatest of all victories consists in playing the game; of doing our part in each play. It consists of doing what we have to do as efficiently and whole-heartedly as possible. And that is OPPORTUNITY. Roll of Honor Since the publication of the last retired by the, Pension Board : list, the following employes have been Name George Crombie John McGiles J. W. Marelius Geo. E. McAfee Daniel E. Foley George W. Hall Aaron Howard Jas. T. Tilford Occupation Mill Hand Laborer Stenographer Agent Supervisor . Engineman Machinist Bridge Watchman and Pumper Where Employed Burnside Champaign Gen'l Frt. Office Rockwell City, la. Carbondale Freeport Clinton Big Clifty, Ky. Date of Service Retirement 20 yrs. 4/30/14 19 yrs. 5/31/14 33 yrs. 6/30/14 31 yrs. 2/28/14 43 yrs. 5/31/14 26 yrs. 12/31/13 34 yrs. 3/31/14 34 yrs. 5/31/14 Appreciates the Illinois Central Pension Mr. Burt A. Beck, Salem, Ore., June 6th, 1914. Secretary Board of Pension. Dear Sir: Your letter of the 28th ulto. relative to action of the Board of Pensions in my case received. I wish that I might find words to adequately express to yourself, Dr. Dowdall and the members of the Board of Pensions the gratitude I feel for this great goodness to me. I shall ever feel grateful for the treatment I have received at your hands. Yours truly, G. E. McAFEE. Good Work Anna, 111., June 20th, 1914. Mr. W. S. Williams, Superintendent, Carbondale, 111. Dear Sir: There is a good deal being said about service from box cars, etc., but I do not think there is a much better record on any car than we gave I. C. 45242 here yesterday. This car came to Anna from Duquoin at 10 a. m., June 19th, loaded with Soda Water, carload rate, freight $21.00. We got the car unloaded and reloaded with a contractor's outfit for St. Louis at 5 p. m., carrying $27.00 freight charges and forwarded the car on 74 at 7 p. m., June 19th. Yours truly, R. BURNETT, Agent. Uernonous o onous oorvice A MERITORIOUS ACT JUI RS. P. L. Bobo, wife of Flagman *** Bobo, while on back porch of her home June 9th noticed a brake beam dragging under car. She immediately, by telephone, called up the agent at the station that the train was to pass and got the information to the train crew, probably avoiding an accident. Tp AVOR ABLE entry has been made " on the records of the following conductors for their special efforts in lifting and preventing the use of ir- regular transportation in connection with which reports (Form 972) were rendered to the auditor of passenger receipts, who, in cases of this kind ad- vises the other departments concerned, so that proper action may be taken, all pass irregularities being prought to the attention of the vice-president. WISCONSIN DIVISION Con- ductor J. H. Quinlan, on train No. 28, May 22nd, lifted trip pass account not being countersigned, and collected cash fare. ST. LOUIS DIVISION Conductor W. C. Walkup, on train No. 201, May 13th, lifted ten-ride commutation ticket account having expired, passenger pur- chasing ticket to cover trip. Conductor A. E. Reader, on trains No. 2, May 9th, No. 22, May 16th, and No. 1, May 31st, declined to honor ex- pired card tickets, which were present- ed for passage, and collected cash fares. KENTUCKY DIVISION Conduc- tor J. W. "\Vhedon, on train No. 102, May 18th, lifted employe's trip pass in accordance with bulletin instructions, and collected cash fare. Conductor E. T. Arnn, on train No. 104, May 25th, lifted mileage ticket ac- count having expired, and collected cash fare; TENNESSEE DIVISION Conduc- tor S. E. Matthews, on train No. 5, May 22nd, lifted mileage, ticket ac- count being in improper hands, pas- senger presenting another mileage ticket to cover trip. Conductor J. W. Arnn, on train No. 5, May 21st, lifted mileage ticket ac- count having expired, and collected cash fare. Conductor G. P. Kinkle, on train No. 2, May 16, lifted mileage ticket account being in improper hands, passenger presenting another mileage ticket to cover trip. LOUISIANA DIVISION Conduc- tor L. E. Barnes, on train No. 6, May 1st, lifted two 54-ride individual tick- ets account having expired, and collect- ed cash fares. On train No. 3. May 10th, he declined to honor trip pass presented by the holder for transportation of another person not mentioned therein, and col- lected cash fare. Conductor W. H. Moales, on train No. 1, May 9th, lifted mileage ticket account being in improper hands, pas- senger presenting another mileage tick- et to cover trip. Conductor R. E. Mclnturff, on train No. 313, May 30th, declined to honor card ticket account having expired, and collected cash fare. Conductor A. E. Broas, on train No. ], May 26th, lifted mileage ticket ac- count being in improper hands, passen- ger presenting another mileage ticket to cover trip. MEMPHIS DIVISION Conductor I. S. Lee, on train No. 523, May 3rd, lifted mileage ticket account being in improper hands, and collected cash fare. Conductor F. B. Bell, on train No. 37, May 9th, lifted trip pass account being in improper hands and as pas- senger refused to pay fare was required to leave the train. Conductor Jeff Williams, on train No. 521, May 21st, lifted mileage ticket account being in improper hands, and collected cash fare. 85 86 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE VICKSBURG DIVISION Con- ductor B. F. Edwards, on train No. 12, May 18th, lifted trip pass account be- ing in improper hands, and as passen- ger refused to pay fare, was required to leave the train. Conductor R. C. Buck, on train No. 142, May 21st. lifted mileage ticket ac- count being in improper hands, pas- senger presenting another ticket to cover trip. NEW ORLEANS DIVISION Conductor Chas. E. Gore, on train No. 34, May 14th, lifted 54-ride individual ticket account having expired, and col- lected cash fare; he also had a similar case on this train May ]8th. Conductor S. K. White, on train No. 15, May 22nd, lifted 54-ride individual ticket account having expired, and col- lected cash fare. Illinois Division On June 22nd, Conductor C. H. Draper on Train 22, noticed a loose wheel on rear coach of suburban train, which was pulled by engine 1406. The attention of the conductor of the suburban train was called to the matter and a possible accident avoided. On June 8th, Brakeman C. E. Kimler found a mail sack, which presumably had been thrown off Train No. 2 on June 7th after that train had passed Kinmundy station. The matter was reported to the agent at Kinmundy and the contents of the mail sack forwarded to destination. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Agent C. E. McBratney, of Galton, 111., for discov- ering C. & N. W. car 72346 improperly stencilled. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Agent J. C. Brown, of Edgewood, for his close ob- servation and prompt action taken by him to have car re-stencilled properly. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Fireman W. F. Robinson while on train 73, June 13th, for discovering a sack of U. S. mail on track north of Farina, same being- turned over to the agent at Farina. Favorable entry has been made on the service record of Conductor Ma- roney on train 51, June 12th, for discov- ering and reporting broken guard rail on main track. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Brakeman J. P. Lenahan for discovering and reporting broken truck on I. C. 130121 on June 10th. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of J. Kirby, switch tender, at north end of Champaign yard, for discovering and reporting broken flange on car of Extra 1676 on June 6th. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Engineman L. G. Simmons for discovering and reporting broken rail in main track near McNulta while on train 526, June 2nd. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Conductor J. E. Skibbe for discovering and reporting no light weight shown on car I. C. 33193. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Freight Brake- man O. Hold for discovering and re- porting broken rail north of the first crossing south of Wilder, June 3rd. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Engine Foreman G. N. Thompson and Helpers A. W. Mason and C. W. Porter for discover- ing and extinguishing fire at coal chute June 2nd. Minnesota Division Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Agent C. H. Hall, of Raymond, for discovering and re- porting broken brake beam dragging in train No. 93, June 13th. New Orleans Division Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of O. M. Briscor, Section Foreman, for discovering and reporting draw-head down in car on train near Hernando, June 3rd. 87 Minutes of Quarterly Staff Meeting Held in Superin- tendent's Office, Greenville, Miss., April 21, 1914 PRESENT. MR. T. L. DUBBS, Superintendent. MR. J. W. WELLING, Roadmaster. MR. F. R. MAYS, Trainmaster. MR. J. M. CHANDLER, Chief Dispatcher. MR. F. R. BISHOP, Road Supervisor. MR. C. J. HARRINGTON, Road Supervisor. MR. W. SHROPSHIRE, Bridge Supervisor. MR. C. R. MAYOR, Assistant Engineer. MR. C. LINSTROM, Master Mechanic, MR. HENRY FLETCHER, Traveling Engineer. MR. E. L. WILLIAMS, General Foreman, Greenville. MR. W. H. RODE, General Foreman, Cleveland. MR. R. P. WALT, Agent, Cleveland. MR. L. M. ELLIOTT, Agent, Rolling Fork. MR. R. L. DILLEYHAY, Foreman, Water Works. MR. C. E. CAMPBELL, Dispatcher. MR. L. C. KNIGHT, Claim Agent. MR. S, SIMMONS, Chief Clerk. MR. F. B. WILKINSON, "Agent, Greenville. ABSENT. MR. W. S. PRIEST, Division Agent. MR. G. L. DARDEN, Claim Agent. MR. R. L. BURNS, Claim Agent. MR. H. MAYNOR, Road Supervisor. MR. G. McCOWAN, Special Agent. MR. E. D. MESSIONNER, Division Storekeeper. MR. G. A. HOPKINS, Ticket Agent, Greenville. MR. G. B. McCAUL, Agent, Leland. 'TPHE minutes of the previous meeting, held on January 19th, were read for the benefit of those who were not present at such meeting, and the various subjects which were dismissed were gone over in a general way, after which the meeting was continued with the presentation of all new subjects. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED. Demurrage and Car Service. Damage to Shipments by Rats. Handling Foreign Cars. Handling Company Coal. Fuel Expense. Scrap, Simplifying Index to Tariffs. Loss and Damage Freight.'- Line Stock. Overtime. Demurrage and Car Service: Although this subject was gone into thoroughly at the last meeting by Special Service Agent Mr. Caulfield, it was felt that considerable good would be accomplished by renewing the subject and calling the various details to the attention of all concerned, especially with regard to the importance of keeping accurate records, making a careful check and regular reports, making a com- plete check indicating the exact location of each car at the time check was 88 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 89 made, so that we would be in a position to verify our demurrage bills if neces- sary. Special attention was called to the fact that considerable revenue is lost each month on account of agents and others failing to maintain proper records. Trainmaster, division agent, claim clerk and special agent were specially deputized to give these matters close attention at stations when going over the road with a view of improving conditions. Handling Foreign Cars: On account of the rigid instructions governing the handling of foreign cars, this subject was brought up and discussed freely by all present, and the existing instructions gone into in detail, so as to insure a uniform under- standing and guard against irregularities. Attention was called to the importance of using system cars in every case where possible to do so, and return foreign cars to home connections with the least possible delay. The close checking of 22 reports, 38 reports and daily telegraphic car reports by all concerned was gone into, and in addition the importance of closely fol- lowing up this matter while on the road was also a subject of much discus- sion. It is felt that if the matter is closely followed up by agents, conductors and others concerned, that we will be able to keep our line practically free from foreign cars. Fuel Expense: The item of fuel expense at each fuel station on this Division was called to the attention of all present, as well as the expense at similar points on other Divisions. Several letters from the general manager and general super- intendent with regard to this subject were read and discussed in detail and suggestions made as to the best method of reducing this item of expense. The planning of a mechanical coaling plant at Rolling Fork, which was just authorized and was gone into carefully, and it was the consensus of opinion that when this plant is installed that considerable saving can be effected. This matter will be closely followed up, and it is felt that we will be able to bring about an improvement in this line. Simplifying Index to Tariffs: A member of the staff called attention to the fact that the present index to our tariffs is so complicated that the average agent is unable to locate, without considerable difficulty and loss of time, tariffs covering various com- modities, other than the tariffs which were used almost daily. It is felt that a great deal can be done in regard to simplifying the index to tariffs, and it was suggested that this subject be included in the minutes of this meeting with a view of calling for suggestions from others as to just what should be done. Line Stock: Attention was called to the fact that we are closely following up the matter of reducing line stock to the lowest possible figure. While it was the opinion of all present that our line stock should be kept down to a reasonable figure, it was stated that in a number of instances the matter is followed up so closely, and the line stock kept down so low, that it results detrimental to the interest of the company, on account of incurring additional expense in making temporary repairs at points where permanent repairs could be made if sufficient line stock were carried. This also applies to the additional expense in handling material back and forth, which could be eliminated if the line stock was not kept down to such a low figure. This matter will be carefully followed up from a local standpoint with a view of keeping our line stock down as low as possible consistent with conditions existing. Damage to Shipments by Rats: Several communications received during the past few months regarding 90 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE claims for damage to shipments due to rats were read and discussed thor- oughly. A number of the staff present made suggestions as to the best method for eliminating rats from the warerooms, and it was decided to make a test of some of the suggestions at stations where the greatest trouble is experienced and make a report at the next meeting as to the results obtained. In addition to this a circular was issued to all agents giving suggestions along these lines, after which we will make a campaign with a view of reducing this item of expense to the lowest possible figure or eliminating it if possible. Handling Company Coal: In order to guard against difficulties which might arise as a result of a shortage in company coal, it was suggested that arrangements be made to load all company coal during the summer months and to unload into storage on each Division a sufficient amount of coal to take care of the requirements on each Division during the winter months, so that it will not be necessary to distribute any company coal during the winter months, and thereby enable us to keep all coal cars in revenue service, and also to devote all of our power to the handling of revenue business. Scrap : The importance of picking up scrap regularly and shipping promptly to proper destination, as well as importance of keeping way lands clear of scrap at all times was called to the attention of all departments and arrangements put into effect whereby scrap cars will be operated at regular intervals over the entire division, all foremen and others concerned to be notified sufficiently in advance of the date the scrap car would pass over their territory, so that there would be no failure to be on hand ready to load the scrap without delay. Special attention was called to recent derailments brought about by scrap being piled along the waylands, being picked up by outsiders and placed on track, or in switches, in such a way as to result in serious accidents. The benefit to be derived from the proper handling of scrap was also the subject of some discussion and it was felt that all concerned appreciated the import- ance of this subject and will give it the attention it deserves. Another feature in connection with this subject which was dwelt upon was the importance of carefully checking all scrap to insure against serviceable material being loaded and shipped away in scrap cars, and the supervisors, general foremen, division storekeeper and others were specially cautioned to make special checks along these lines. Loss and Damaged Freight: This ever important subject was called to the attention of all present, and the figures gone over carefully showing the amounts paid out for loss and damaged freight during the past several months. The increases, or decreases, as the cases were, and the way of remedying such conditions were gone into thoroughly. Trainmaster, special agent, division agent and division clerk were specially instructed with regard to handling with trainmen and agents, checking the loading and unloading of merchandise, the proper and prompt reporting of conditions found and taking of necessary corrective steps . with all concerned. In addition to making monthly trips over the Division and making station to station check, the plan was also inaugurated whereby all agents will make a tri-monthly blind check of warercom. sending report of such checks to this office, so that we will be in a position to closely follow up with a view of disposing of all over and unclaimed freight, as well as locating and forwarding to proper destination all short freight. Full sets of instructions have been issued to agents and trainmen with regard to the importance of furnishing all concerned with prompt reports whenever short- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 91 ages occur, giving full date, as well as the importance of agents rendering report covering "short freight accounted for," so as to enable this office, as well as freight claim agent, to be in a position to promptly dispose of claims when presented. This matter is being followed up by all concerned on this Division in such a way that considerable goods will no doubt result, and it is hoped that future reports covering this item of expense will show a decided improvement. A member called attention to the fact that one of the most troublesome conditions handled during this season of the year is carload ear corn, which in a number of cases is found to be in a bad condition and refused, after which it is reconsigned from place to place, and in some instances this practice continues, until the corn is worthless, and it is refused and turned over to this company and claim presented. We have issued instructions that this feature be watched closely, and it is 'hoped that in this way we will eliminate this feature. Overtime : On account of overtime on this Division, as well as on a number of other Divisions, increasing, it was felt that the matter should again be called to the attention of all concerned with a view of taking such action as would result in a reduction of this item of expense.- From a local standpoint, it was found that the increase in overtime was brought about on account of the poor condition of power, the extraordinary increase in business and a change in local conditions. During the months of January, February and March, 3914, the local business on the Vicksburg Division increased more than $100,000.00 over same period the previous year. The change in schedule of agents and operators, providing for only six hours' work on Sunday, is also an item which accounts for considerable increase in overtime. This item will be watched very closely and everything possible will be done to keep expenses down to the lowest possible minimum consistent with the proper and efficient handling of business. Rhode Island State Memorial. Massachusetts State Memorial. NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, VICKSBURG, MISS. A Laugh or Two Cultivate Your P's "To those who would like to read a fine book on the self-help order," says John Allen Murphy, "I would recom- mend that they get a dictionary and read the letter T.' It is a rich mine of valuable success nuggets. Here are some of them : "Power, patience, poise, persistency, punctuality, perseverance, pluck, plod, purity, prudence, purpose, peace, prin- ciple, painstaking, push, plan, patriotic, pay, produce, perfection, polite, polish, practical, profit, progressive, prompt, prosper, public-spirited. "Dig deeper and you may find more. The man who has these doesn't need to bother about the rest of the alphabet." The Ave Maria. An American girl was taking a Liv- erpool girl home to the States with her, and toward the end of the journey re- marked : "It is delightful to feel that one is so near home. We ought to sight Sandy Hook this afternoon." "Shall we?" exclaimed her friend. "That will be nice. Don't tell me which he is; I can always pick a Scotchman out of a crowd." Exchange. The Influence of Heredity "That's a fine baby of yours, Bill," said the boss to his chauffeur. "Yes, Mr. Wilkins," said the chauf- feur. "My wife and I are pretty proud of him. He's the latest model, all righ a self starter, with an automatic horn that would wake the dead." Harper's Weekly. A club of eccentric young men had for one of their rules that on Tuesday evenings any man who asked a ques- tion in the club rooms which he was unable to answer himself should pay a fine of $10. One evening McLoughlin asked the following : Why doesn't a ground squirrel leave any dirt around the top of his hole when he digs it? After some deliberation McLough- lin was called upon to answer his own question. That's easy, said he, the squirrel starts at the bottom and digs up. All very nice, suggested a member, but how does he get to the bottom? Well, answered McLoughlin, that's your question. Everybody's Maga- zine. Schmile und der vorld schmiles mit you, Laugh und der vorld vill roar; Howl und der vorld vill leave you, Und never come back no more. Not all of us couldn't been handsome, Not all of us haf goot clothes ; But a schmile is not expensive, Und it covers a vorldt of woes. Recognized It Augustus and Angelina were climb- ing the highest peak of the Alps, and she stood above him some 20 feet. "What!" Jie gasped "what do you see?" "Far, far below," she cried, "I see a long white streak stretching like a pa- per ribbon back almost to our hotel." "Ha, ha !" he ejaculted, "it's that ho- tel bill overtaking us." Pittsburgh Chronicle-Telegraph. And Lawyers, Too His teacher was having a hard time explaining the lesson. "Tommy, you can learn this if you make up your mind. It's not one bit smart to appear dull. I know that you're just as bright as any boy in the 92 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 93 class. Remember, Tommy, where there's a will there's "Aw," broke in Tommy, "I know all dat, I do. Me fadder's a lawyer, an' I heard- him say it lots o' times." "You should not have interrupted me, but I am glad your father has taught you the old adage. Can you re- peat it to me?" "Sure. Me fadder says dat where dere's a will dere's always a bunch o' poor relations." Pittsburgh Chron- icle-Telegraph. Defining a Phenomenon "What is a phenomenon?" asked one workman of another. "It's like this. Suppose you were to go out into the country and see a field of thistles growing." "Yes." "Well, that would not be a phenom- enon." "No, that's quite clear," agreed the other man. "But suppose you were to see a lark singing away up in the sky." "Yes." "Well, that would not be a phenom- enon." "No, that also seems clear." "But imagine there is a bull in the field." "Yes." "Even that would not be a phenom- enon." "No." "But, now, Bill, look here. Suppose you saw that bull sitting on them this- tles whistling like a lark well, that would be a phenomenon." Pittsburg Chronicle. Tricking the Porters As illustrating the unfounded com- plaints which are sometimes made against railway servants, W. F. Jack- son, the general manager of the North British Railway Company, has been telling a good story, the facts of which he said, were ascertained in the inves- tigation of a complaint made by the principal actor. An old lady turned up at one of the Glasgow stations, and going up to a porter, said : "I say, porter, can you tell me where I will get my train?" "Where are you going, madame?" he asked. "What have you got to do with that? Can you tell me where I will get my train?" "But I cannot tell without " "Well, I'm not going to tell you where I'm going. I'll get some one else to help me." With that the old lady toddled farther up the platform, and meeting another porter, propounded her conun- drum to him. "Where are you going, madame?" was his natural question. "Oh," she retorted, "you are just as impertinent as your mate. I'm not go- ing to tell you where I'm going." She went up to a third porter and asked him if he could tell her where her train was. She got the same re- ply, and said, "Well, if you must know, I'm going to Paisley." The porter directed her to the Pais- ley train, and just as it was leaving the platform she put her head out of the window and shouted : "How do you feel when you've been 'had'? I'm not going to Paisley at all. I'm going to Edinburgh," which, it need hardly be added, is in quite the opposite direction." London Tit-Bits. Enough Said The teacher in charge of one of the grades in the grammer school wrote on the board a number of words end- ing in the sylabble "tion." After ex- plaining the meaning of each to the class, she told them to use the words in sentences. Her pupils wrote busily for a few moments, and then one of them astonished her with the follow- ing: "Father's hair is a recollection ; mother's is an acquisition ; auntie's is a compilation ; sister's is an aggrega- tion ; brother's is a conflagration, while baby's is a mere premonition." Life. ILLINOIS DIVISION. Chicago District. Brakeman McLaughlin of the Chicago Dist, on a short vacation, is apparent- ly endeavoring to apply his time to the best possible advantage. He com- menced by "taking unto himself a wife," June 15th, and since then has been enjoying an extensive honey- moon. The lucky ( ?) lady was Miss Mae Martin of Bradley, at which city we understand they will make their fu- ture home. Congratulations and best wishes, Mack, but what's the big idea of living at Bradley? Dispatcher J. P. Madix, of Kanka- kee, was off June 7th, to the 17th, on his annual vacation. He was relieved by Extra Dispatcher W. H. Davis. Extra Operator and agent R. B. Sal- laday relieved Mr. H. B. Finnigan at Gibson City May 1st to the 20th; the latter on his annual vacation. Mr. C. E. Okey relieving Agent T. A. Powers at Irwin since the 4th inst. J. D. Taylor of Anchor, on annual vacation, relieved by Mr. R. B. Sal- laday. Dispatcher W. H. Davis working 2nd trick on the Gilman Line for a few days in place of Mr. Gerbel, who is visiting friends around Edgewood. Mr. G. G. Stonish has been ap- pointed section foreman at Homewood, vice Mr. Jas. Brosnahan, promoted. Mr. Henry Wulff has been appointed section foreman at Peotone, vice Mr. G. G. Stonish transferred. Mr. J. McAnich has accepted position of Water Work Repairman at Kan- kakee vice Mr. W. W. Boughan, trans- ferred to the Chicago Terminal. Side track is being constructed at Peotone, 111., to serve the Standard Oil Co., at this point. Mr. Clarence Knapp has accepted the position of Night Ticket Clerk at Kan- kakee. vice Mr. Earl Snyder, resigned. Dispatcher H. H. Weatherford has returned from Milwaukee, where he spent his vacation. John Wilson, Trainmen's caller, is planning to go to Havana on a camp- ing trip. If he catches all the fish he is figuring on, there won't be many left for the rest of us. E. Styles, first trick Dispatcher, is taking his annual vacation, and Harry Weatherford is working the first trick and T. F. McNeill is working Weather- ford's regular trick, the third. Geo. Starkey has secured leave of absence for an indefinite period and gone to Los Angeles, Cal., to visit a sick relative. J. S. Harrell, Lineman, is the proud father of an eight-pound daughter who arrived at his house on the 20th of June. L. L. Bosley is working as card dis- tributor in the Dispatcher's office while T. F. McNeill is working as third trick Dispatcher, Operator E. Snedeker fill- ing the vacancy at the Yard Office dur- ing Bosley's absence. LOUISIANA DIVISION Miss Alma Israel, Stenographer, Ac- counting Department, Local Freight Office, New Orleans, left on June 20th for a short stay in Chicago and Mil- waukee. Burk Fanguy, Clerk, Accounting Department, Local Freight Office, New Orleans, left on June 27th for a 94 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 95 ten-day vacation. He will visit St. Louis, Chicago and Milwaukee. M. L. Pittman, Uncollected Clerk, Local Freight Office, New Orleans, left on June 27th for a vacation trip to St. Louis, Chicago, Buffalo and Niagara Falls. Mr. Edward H. Newman, Clerk, Ac- counting Department, Local Freight Office, New Orleans, was married on June 10th, 1914. The stork visited the home of Mr. Edwin L. Harris, Per Diem Clerk, Lo- cal Freight Office, New Orleans, on June 8th, and left him the proud papa of a baby boy. "Illinois Central Base Ball League," New Orleans, La. Name Played Won Lost P. C. Locals 2 2 .1000 Mechanical 1 1 .1000 Transportation . .2 1 1 .500 Car Dept 2 1 1 .500 Harahan 2 1 1 .500 Stuy. Docks 1 1 .500 Electrical 2 2 .000 Road .000 At a meeting held on June llth, 1914, at the Local Freight Office, New Orleans, La., the Illinois Cen- tral Base Ball League was formally in- augurated. The League is composed of teams representing the different depart- ments of the Illinois Central Railroad located at New Orleans. The depart- ments represented are : Local Freight Office, Mechanical, Transportation, Car Shops, Harahan Yards, Stuyvesant Docks, Electrical Department and Road Department. The officials of the League are : J. Milton May, President ; E. A. McGuin- ness, Vice-President ; J. F. Benjamin, Secretary-Treasurer. Honorary mem- bers Board of Directors : Messrs. T. E. Hill, F. T. Mooney, J. W. Cousins, E. C. Roddie, A. E. Scaife, J. T. Littleton, E. W. Jansen and J. F.Watts. Board of Directors : Messrs. D. B. Mugan, Jno. R. Herr, J. W. Fordyce, E. A. Mc- Guinness, J. F. Benjamin, .J. Milton May and Jas. Ernst. The formal opening of the League took place on Sunday, June 21st, at Tu- lane Stadium, New Orleans, La., be- fore a crowd of more than seven hun- dred people. Mr. A. E. Scaife, the pop- ular agent of Stuyvesant Docks, pitched the first ball over the plate, which act officially opened the League. The boys from Stuy. Dox came up to the Stadium in an automobile, ac- companied by a brass band. The League also furnished a band, and their combined efforts added to the pleasures of the evening. A schedule of fourteen games, to be played by each team, has been ar- ranged, and will extend over the months of June, July, August and Sep- tember. The winning team will be given a pennant, and the individual players a trophy. As this is the first inter-department Base Ball League ever organized by employes of the Illi- nois Central Railroad in New Orleans, the outcome is watched with a great deal of interest. NEW ORLEANS DIVISION. Messrs. Cecil and Harry Kiernan spent Sunday, June 7th, at Lake Wash- ington fishing; they report fishing good, but the sun awful warm. Engineer W. K. Rust has resumed his duties on trains 12 and 15, between Vicksburg and New Orleans. Mr. John J. Tierney, former employe of the company, has again returned, and is employed in the superintendent's office. Engineer Charles Linstrom was on the Natchez District a few days this month handling train 521-2. Engineer Charles Sulzer has resumed his duties on trains 12 and 15. Mr. A. H. Davis, agent at Vicksburg, made a trip to Lake Washington Sun- day, June 21st, for the purpose of fish- ing. He returned with the same old story : He could have caught them, but the weather was too warm. Operator S. A. Cogan, of Port Gib- son, is off on his vacation. He is being relieved by Operator G. P. Tillery. 96 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE Conductor S. K. White is off on ac- count of sickness. Conductor R. W. McBurney is relieving him. Conductors Stafford, Davis and Law- rence were off the past week on account of attending court. They were relieved by Conductors H. B. Cook, Tony Lang and J. S. Roberts. Editors of farm papers en route from Hammond to New Orleans on June 24th, were handled special from Ham- mond to Baton Rouge in charge of Conductor S. J. McCauley. . Brother Sam is strong on the passenger jobs. The vegetable business on this di- vision has so far met with everyone's expectations, as from seven to ten cars have been handled each day to north- ern markets. The producers are re- ceiving very satisfactory prices, which should tend to increase the output next year. Agent Daughtery, of Port Gibson, returned from Chicago June 20th, where he was in attendance with the committee representing the operators. Daughtery says they are all very well satisfied and contented with the new schedule. Dispatcher L. L. Prince and wife are spending their vacation in the Blue Grass regions of old Kentucky. Mr. Prince is relieved by Mr. J. W. Casey. Mr. J. C. Sheets, dispatcher, returned to work on June 13th, after spending two weeks with relatives and friends in Kentucky. Conductor J. C. Tate is holding down Conductor E. B. Appleby's run on trains 511-12-14 and 15, while Ed is tak- ing his annual vacation. Carl B. Walters, clerk to General Yardmaster Cunningham at Vicks- burg, will spend Sunday in Wilson with relatives. Leslie Powell, chief clerk to Chief Dispatcher Blair, resumed his duties on the first of the month, after a term in Chamberlain Hunt Academy at Port Gibson. Invitations have been issued for the wedding of Miss Nellie Marguerite Col- lins to Mr. Joseph E. Smith, engineer, July llth, at Wilson, La. This young couple have the best wishes of their many friends. Special daily express service was in- augurated June 1st on the Vicksburg District of the New Orleans Division for the purpose of moving the heavy vegetable movement. At the present writing (June 25th) the outlook is that this business will continue until about July 4th. The crop has been abundant this season and prices have held up well, offering growers much encour- agement for increasing acreage next season. Chief Dispatcher W. O. Blair re- turned from Chicago Sunday, June 21st, where he was called on business pertaining to the adjustment of salaries of agents and operators on the New Orleans Division. Conductors J. G. Waller and J. E. Watson, on trains 58-9 on Wilson Dis- trict, have returned to work after spending 10 days fishing. While some of the regular passenger conductors are attending court, Con- ductor Lang is "punching the tickets." Tony says it is mighty hard for him to go through Harriston without "pick- ing up." Assistant Engineer Harry R. Davis, who has been in charge of the levee work at Baton Rouge, was in Vicks- burg Monday of this week. Harry says Baton Rouge is a great city. General Yardmaster Cunningham states while patrolling the levee recent- ly, found the thermometer standing at 99. "Some hot." Mr. H. D. Holdridge, superintendent bridges and buildings, is able to be out again after his accident. Mr. Holdridge was on a motor car and was hit by an extra at Gordon. Flagman R. P. Decker, while run- ning to catch his train at Port Gibson recently, stepped in a hole and sprained his ankle, which is causing him some little trouble. R. E. Tynes spent Sunday in Roxie with relatives. 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Railways Labor-Saving Device Co. 1038 Arlington Ave. DAVENPORT, IOWA Division has been rather warm for the past month, with very little rain. The planters claim that the lightning bugs have gone in business with the boll weevil and the two of them are now working overtime, both day and night. Miss Hazel Martin, file clerk in the superintendent's office, has departed for Denver to spend her vacation. Miss Hazel will spend two weeks see- ing the sights of Denver. The paving of Levee street, Vicks- burg, by the railroad company has cer- tainly improved the looks of things around here. The old city now looks as though she has on her Sunday clothes every day in the week. "Dobbins, the art critic, has roasted my pictures unmercifully. ''Don't mind that fellow. He's no ideas of his own ; he only repeats like a parrot what others say." New York Globe. 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That Certificate is an Insurance Policy against expense. Should your road change time re- quirements or should you go to another road we make your South Bend Stude- baker conform to those requirements or give you another watch that will. This Certificate may save you the cost of a new watch some day. It's worth having. Railroad men tell us the Studebaker Is the "King of Railroad Watches." They have found that the watch that can undergo the severe test of being frozen in ice for twenty-four hours stands the rough jarring and jolting of train-service without the slightest variation or change. And withal. It's a watch of smart, stylish appearance a watch you don't have to apologize for. You can get South Bend Watches from $75 down. Write us for name of local jeweler and our booklet for Railroad Men. (198) Railroad Watch THE SOUTH BEND WATCH CO. South Bend, Ind. AUGUST Frontispiece W. L. Tarbet. The Story of the Illinois Central Lines during the Civil Con- flict, 1861-5 9 Prehistoric Mounds at Shiloh 21 Reminiscences of Orderly Sergeant of the Fifth Company of Washington Artillery, C. S. Army, and How He was Saved from Hanging as a Spy by the Endorsement of the Honorable Judah P. Benjamin 22 Roll of Honor 25 Public Opinion 26 Proceedings of Monthly Meeting of the Central Agents' Asso- ciation 29 Railway Mail Pay 30 Appointments and Promotions 31 Greenville, Miss 32 Law Department 42 Fiction Salvation 47 Claims Department 58 A Dangerous Practice 64 Hospital Department 65 Always Safety First 68 Contributions from Employes The Passing of an Ancient Landmark 74 Illinois Central Station Training School 80 Meritorious Service 89 Local Talent and Exchanges 92 A Laugh or Two 93 Division News 95 ;;:. Published monthly by the Illinois Central R.R.Co.in the' X interest of the Company and its 45.000 Employes Advertising rates on application ; Office 1201 Michigan Av. Phone Wabash 2200 Chicago Local 56 15 f pr copy $i% pr, year WM. L. TARBET. Mr. Wm. L. Tarbet is a native of Tennessee but has spent practically all his life in Illinois. Graduated with degree of A. B. from Blackburn University, at Carlinville, 111. Was principal of high schools at Vandalia and at Alton. Entered the service of the Illinois Central R. R. Co. as Assistant Engineer in 1892. From 1897 to 1898 was Consulting Engineer for the Railroad and Warehouse Commission of Illinois. In 1898 was appointed Tax Commissioner of the I. C. R. R. Co. and The Y. & M. V. R. R. Co., and January 19, 1911, was appointed Land and Tax Commissioner of the same com- panies, which office he now holds. Vol. 3 No. 2 Magazine AUGUST, 1914 Story of tjio 1 11 inois Central Linos during the Civil Conflict i86i-5 General Beauregard at Shiloh, Sunday, April 6, 62 By Y. R. LeMonnier, M. D., Ex-private Company B, Crescent Regiment, Louisiana In- fantry, Pond's Brigade, Ruggles' Division, Bragg's Corps, Army of the Mississippi Continued from July Issue All reports agree that the death of the commanding general caused a loss of from two to three hours at the most critical moment of the engagement. If Colonel Johnston had said, "Until the death of my father the battle was a great success, and had he not been killed everything indicated the total annihila- tion of Grant's army," he would have said what no one could disprove with any certified proofs, but to try to put the blame on General Beauregard is An Ignis Fatuus that bewitches And leads men in pools and ditches. The death of General Johnston, with the disastrous loss of time that it caused, shows how improper, aye, how villain- ous and cowardly, -it is to criticize un- justly or too severely one who, despite the best intentions, has failed. The press had most severely and at times unjustly criticized General Johnston. How can people who talk a great deal and write a great deal, but never fight, criticize an army in the field? All honor to Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston. Peace to his ashes. General Bragg. General Bragg was placed by Presi- dent Davis in command of the forces at Tupelo on July 20, 1862, after he had in an undignified manner relieved Gen- eral Beauregard of that command, the Army of the Mississippi. Let us see what were the motives of the President or the merits of General Bragg that he should have been chosen by Mr. Davis. First, as I have stated before, the battle of Shiloh should have been, and would have been, fought on Saturday the 5th instead of on Sunday, had General Bragg managed his corps as General Hardee managed his and been in his place, second line of battle, 800 feet behind this one at 8 A. M. Let us not forget the works of General Johnston at 1 2 :30 P. M. when he was annoyed at the absence of General Bragg: "This is perfectly puerile. This is not war! Let us have our horses." 10 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE Second, that General Bragg in a contin- gency on the field might give the orders in the name of the general-in-chief, or the second in command, he was made chief of the General Staff. See "General Beauregard," by Alfred Roman, volumn I, page 268. He was on the field in front near where General Johnston was killed ; then why was there the loss of time, some two or three hours, after the fall of the General, when he was authorized to act in his name? General Bragg, according to his report, had been driven back in all his attacks, from 10 :30 A. M. to 3 P. M., in attempt ing to break and repulse the Union line confronting the Confederate "right cen- ter." Four times he sent Gibson's Loui- siana brigade to the attack, to be mur- derously repulsed. Why did he not, at least after the second repulse, do what General Ruggles did at 4 P. M.< that is, mass his artillery and open fire on Generals Wallace and Prentiss ? And, to cap the climax, he censured Colonel Gibson, who after the battle asked for a court of inquiry. We see the same oc- curence after the battle of Chickamauga when General Bragg after his neglect to enter Chattanooga and capture Rosecrans' army placed Lieutenant- Generals Polk and D. H. Hill and Major-General Hindman under arrest. Was this one of his foibles or was it due to that terrible irritation, his chronic dyspepsia? He was neither the best nor the senior officer after General Beauregard; yet Mr. Davis chose him to replace Beauregard. Mens sana in cor- pore sano would have helped Mr. Davis in choosing his generals ; but it was not always so. Reader, you will find im- portant historical data in the interesting polemics in the New Orleans Picayune of April 5, 17, 23 and 24, 1887 ; of May 6, 10 and 22, 1887 ; of June 26, 1887 ; of August 31, 1902, and in the articles in Dr. Y. R. LeMonnier's "Military Scrap Book," volumn I, pages 8 to 29, by Gen- erals Beauregard, Jordan and Wheeler, and by Messrs. Jefferson Davis, William Preston Johnston, and A. R. Chisolm. General Polk. Major-General Polk, senior in com- mand after General Beauregard, says in his report in Rebel Record, page 410: "Colonel Miller dashed forward, inter- cepted within 150 yards of the river the Second Michigan and captured it. ... A portion of this cavalry rode to the river and watered their horses." This is an error, and must be corrected, for if we captured that battery that near to the Tennessee River and the cavalry there watered their horses, this question arises : What became of the enemy's last stand with its massed artillery, siege and field, on the river bluff, and where were the gunboats, that they should have al- lowed the cavalry to water their horses in the stream? Of course, we did not know the topography of the ground in the rear of the enemy. Ross' Second Michigan Battery was captured near Hurlbut's headquarters, three-quarters of a mile from the river, as it was leaving this place to post itself in line with the other artillery at the bluff on the river bank, while the cavalry watered their horses at Dill Branch, nearly or fully half a mile from the Tennessee River. The General again errs when he says : "We had one hour or more of daylight still left; were within 150 to 400 yards of the enemy's position, and nothing seemed wanting to complete the most brilliant victory- of the war but to press forward and make vigorous assault on the demoralized remnant of his forces." In W. M. Folk's "Leonidas Polk, Bishop and General," volumn II, page 109, the General, in a letter to his wife, dated April 10, 1862, writes: "The enemy was badly whipped the first day, and we ought, from the advant- age gained, to have captured his whole force. We would have done so if we had had an hour more of day- light." General Polk here speaks of what happened, after the capture of General Prentiss and his 2,250 men, in the Hornets' Nest. This capture took place at 5 :30 or later ; sun sets on that date, April 6, at 6 :10. If it took less than thirty minutes for these 2,250 men to stack their arms and be on their march to the rear, it is marvelous. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 11 The lay of the land has not changed, and the beautiful maps of the topo- graphy of the Shiloh National Milli- tary Park of to-day show us that the Hornets' Nest is nearly one and a half miles from the river, which is correct. I have walked it. Therefore, the Gen- eral was more than six times farther from the river, nor did we have over half an hour of daylight, if that much. Of these assertions I am positive ; five minutes of reflection will show their correctness. General Beaure- gard is right when he says : "It was after 6 o'clock when the enemy's last position was carried. . . . Darkness was close at hand." All reports agree with General Beauregard in these statements. General Hardee. Major-General Hardee, commanding the Third Corps, loco citato, page 569, writes: "Nothing could be more bril- liant than the attack. The fierce vol- leys of 100,000 muskets and the boom of 200 cannons, receding steadily toward the river, marked, hour by hour, from dawn until night, our slow but ceaseless advance. ... At this moment of supreme interest it wa- our misfortune to lose the Command- ing General, who fell, mortally wound- ed, at 2 :30 o'clock. . . .This disaster caused a lull in the attack on the right, and precious hours were wasted. It is, in my opinion, the candid belief of in- telligent men that but for this calamity we would have achieved before sunset a triumph signal not only in the an- nals of this war, but memorable in future history." He falls into the same error that is found in the other reports when he says : "Upon the death of General Johnston, the com- mand having devolved upon General Beauregard. the conflict was con- tinued until near sunset, and the ad- vance divisions were within a few hundred yards of Pittsburg, when the order to withdraw was re- ceived." We were half a mile from it. President Jefferson Davis. It is very, very much to be regretted that a man like Mr. Davis, occupying such an exhalted position, President of the Confederate States, should have had a mind so contracted, so limited, as to allow his feelings, pro or con, to dictate to his conscience. And this brings back to memory the following incident that took place at Corinth : My company, Company B of the Cres- cent Regiment, had for its second junior Lieutenant W. F. Howell, a brother-in-law of Jefferson Davis. One evening some of us were standing, some were seated on the grass ; in the center, seated on a stump, was Lieu- tenant Howell. We began to discuss Jefferson Davis, and the Lieutenant re- marked that he was a man of great likes and dislikes, and that his deci- sions were controlled by his feelings. There was a general expression of dis- approval. The Lieutenant then re- marked: "Stop, gentlemen; let me take back what I have said ; wait and judge for yourselves ; but remember I am Jefferson Davis' brother-in-law, and I know the man." Silence fol- lowed. Well I have waited and judged for myself, and so have others and un- fortunately the assertion of Lieutenant Howell was but too correct. But, too painful are the instances when Mr. Davis acted, not from equity and justice, but according to his feelings. I should prefer to say nothing about Mr. Davis, but he, unfortunately, like his factotum, Colonel William Preston Johnston, of his staff, has written some things that are incorrect, and written words endure. Therefore, when they are erroneous, if they are not cor- rected, they stand in bold relief in the place of the truth of history. Amicus Plato, sed magis arnica veritas his- toria. Mr. Davis in his magnificent "Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government," a work destined to be found in all well stocked libraries, a work without which the student of the history of our country is at sea, has unfortunately Written in chapter VIII, of voJume II, a scathing criticism he repeats the assertions of Colonel John- ston that I have already referred to, L2 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE and therefore I cannot allow it to pass by in silence. Many of the errors therein contained I have already cor- rected in the pages of this article. I will say of the letter of General Gil- more, chief engineer of the Confeder- ate States Army, to Colonel William P. Johnston, dated September 17, 1872, loco citato, page 63, what Mr. Davis says of General Beauregard's report on page 61. Take the "If" out of General Gilmore's letter, "If your father had survived the day." This letter re- minds me of the statements of Colonel Lockett, General Bragg's engineer. statements that I have already quoted and how singular are the following words of General Bragg's report, on page 65 of Mr. Davis' book, "J ust at this time an order was received from the commanding general to withdraw the forces beyond the enemy's fire." I refer you to the remark already quoted of General Bragg to General Beauregard at Shiloh Church, as re- ported by Colonel Chisolm. The Federal Colonel Worthington, of the 46th Ohio, on page 65, asserts : "About 3 P. M. all communications with the river (landing) ceased. . . . About 2 P. M. the whole Union right . was driven back in disorder and the Confederate flanking force cut the center off from the landing -soon after General Johnston's fall." This is most unaccountably erroneous. Had we succeeded in reaching the river, our goal, Buell, never would have made that junction, which was something to be feared by us. Prentiss saved Grant from annihilation and capture by his stubborn resistance at the Hornets' Nest ; when Hurlbut saw that we were surrounding them he slipped out and proceeded to the siege guns on the river bank, where Ammen's brigade of Buell's army was then falling in line. It was in attmpting to slip out also that the Federal Maj.-Gen. W. H. L. Wallace, on Prentiss' right, fell ; he died three days later. I am astonished that Mr. Davis should have inserted such a statement in his work, for he was too intelligent a man not to have known that, had we succeeded in ob- taining possession of that river bank, Grant's army was our prize, and that Buell could not have made his junc- tion, in fact, that he never would have attempted to cross that deep and large river. Colonel Geddes and Worthington are the only ones to make such a statement. Mr. Davis has here fallen into the same error that his staff officer fell into. "Who wants to prove too much proves nothing." The narrative continues: "General Beauregard had told General Johnston that morning as he rode off that if it should be necessary to communicate with him or for him to do anything, 1,0 would be found in his ambulance in bed." The italics are mine. I do not understand how Mr. Davis, a man of fine intellect, instruction, and erudition, could have allowed his dislike to Gen- eral Beauregard so to enslave him as to repeat in his book this most ridic- ulous assertion. I could dispense with saying a word on this subject, so well is the assertion disproved in "General Beauregard," by Alfred Roman, vol- ume I, page 348, but as I am one of the few remaining soldiers who saw and spoke to, counting the cheering by a soldier of his chief as having spoken to him, General Beauregard on Sunday, April 6, 1862, I here enter my most solemn protest against such a shameful assertion. At 2 P. M. on Sunday my regiment, the Crescent, was shifted from Owl Creek Bridge on the extreme left to the Hornets' Nest. On our way we saw General Beauregard ; he was on a stump, his kepi in his left hand, his right extended toward the river, and he commanded us, "Go; drive the en- emy into the river." So great was our joy on seeing this gr.eat Louisianian before our eyes that our shouts and hurrahs attracted the attention of the unseen enemy, who, firing in our di- rection, exploded one or two shells very near us ; and this had the effect of hastening our arrival at the Hor- nets' Nest. He looked then like any- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 13 thing but a sick man. But Mr. Davis had a spite against General Beaure- gard. I never knew why ; does any one know? But General Bragg was one of his pets. Mr. Davis ends his chapter by sev- eral comparisons which, to me, seem more or less incongruous. First, the comparison to Turenne is admirably answered in volume I, page 341, of "General Beauregard," by Alfred Ro- man. Second, "Had the attack been vigorously pressed. ..." Had General Bragg, who was in the front on the left of General Johnston when he was killed, vigorously pressed the attack as Mr. Davis, then in Richmond, says should have been done, perhaps Mr. Davis' wishes would have been ful- filled. General Bragg had been made the chief-of-the-staff of the army for just such an emergency. Third, "Grant's army being beaten, the next step of General Johnston's programme...." I do not pose as a competent judge, nor do I approve or disapprove, of the management of our troops by General Johnston prior to the Shiloh campaign ; but does it not look risky for the President, with the past of yesterday before his eyes, to augur so prosperously for the morrow? Be this as it may, the predictions of Mr. Davis, like those of his staff of- ficer, Colonel Johnston, fall flat, for they have proved nothing, while their assertion that General Beauregard lost the fruits of a victory won by General Johnston is disproved by the facts. Whatever happened, happened Deo volente. General Grant. In "Battles and Leaders," volume I, page 465, General Grant writes of Dill Branch and the Tennessee River ; "There was, I have said, a deep ravine in front of our left. The Tennessee River was very high, and there was water to a considerable depth in the ravine. Here the enemy made a last desperate effort to turn our flank, but was repelled. The gunboat Tyler and Lexington, Gwin and Shirk command- ing, with the artillery under Webster, aided the army and effectually checked their further progress. General Buell. In "Battles and Leaders," volume I, page 506, General Buell writes: "..,.. and one by one with Prentiss, between 5 :30 and 6 o'clock, they were forced to surrender. This gallant resistance and the delay caused by the necessary disposition of the captives weakened the force of the attack with McCler- nand sustained in his seventh position on the river road at 4 o'clock, and re- tarded the onward movement of the enemy three hours. ..." On the same page we read : "In his report of April 9th, to General Halleck, General Grant says : 'At a late hour in the afternoon a desperate effort was made by the enemy to turn our left and get pos- session of the landing, transports, etc. This point was guarded by the gun- boats Tyler and Lexington, Captains Gwin and Shirk, U. S. N., command- ing, four twenty-pounder Parrott guns and a battery of rifled guns. As there is a deep and impassable ravine for artillery and cavalry and very difficult for infantry at this point, no troops were stationed there, except the neces- sary artilleries and a small infantry force for their support. Just at this moment the advance of Major-General Buell's column (a part of the division under General Nelson) arrived, the two generals named both being pres- ent. An advance was immediately made upon the point of attack and the enemy soon driven back. In this re- pulse much is due to the presence of the gunboats Tyler and Lexington ) )> Continuing, General Buell adds, on page 507 : " 'My own official report is to the same effect.' General Hurlbut said. After 6 P. M. this movement (for a final attack at the landing) was reported to General Hurlbut. He at once took measures to change the front of two regiments, or parts of regi- ments, of which the 55th Illinois was one, and to turn six pieces of artillery to bear upon the point of danger. At that instant, he being near the head 14 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE of the Landing road. General Grant came up from the river, closely fol- lowed by Ammen's brigade of Nelson's division. Information of the expected attack was promptly given, and two of Ammen's regiments deployed into line, moved rapidly forward, and after a few sharp exchanges of volleys from them, the enemy fell back and the bloody series of engagements of Sun- day at Pittsburg Landing closed with that last repulse." Do these preceding lines, coming from disinterested enemies, indicate on the part of the Confederates a retreat at or about 4 P. M.? Do they not confirm the report of General Beaure- gard that "it was after 6 P. M., as be- fore said, when the enemy's last posi- tion was carried?" Do they not up- hold the reasonableness of his fear lest Buell should make his junction with Grant? Was not Prentiss right when he said, "Tomorrow Buell will change the tide of events?" Did not the en- emy know better than we did the state of things in their rear, that is, that the river was very high (not a hun- dred feet below the surface) and the valley of Dill Branch very deep, there- by rendering very valuable and effec- tive the shells of their gunboats at its mouth? Does this condition of things warrant the assertion, "One more charge, my men, and we shall capture them all?" Now that we know these facts we account for the failure of Chalmers, Anderson, and others in their last stand on the river bluff. How could men, exhausted and in dis- located commands, overcome splendid- ly armed fresh troops on such a lay of ground, no matter how determined they may have been? On this bluff were Ammen's brigade of fresh troops, Hurlbut's division, and what was left of W. H. L. Wallace's division, under McArthur. These few lines alone from such high authorities as Generals Grant, Buell, and Hurlbut, of the Federal Army, should be sufficient to silence ever more such diatribes as have been attempted in order to blacken the way General Beauregard maneuvered the enemy out of position after the fall of General Johnston. General Beauregard, Toward the end of January, 1862, after the defeat and death of General Zollicoffer at Mill Spring, in Ken- tucky, General Beauregard received a visit at his headquarters, at Center- ville, Va., from Colonel Roger A. Pry- or, of Virginia, a member of the Mili- tary Committee of the Confederate Congress, informing the general that he had been deputed by his committee and the representatives in Congress from the Mississippi Valley States generally to urge him to consent to his transfer to the Mississippi Valley, as great fears were expressed about its safety. Colonel Pryor said that President Davis would gladly order the transfer, should the general con- sent. General Beauregard at first declined, but after a statement from the Acting Secretary of War, Mr. Benjamin, that the effective force in General John- ston's department fully numbered 70,- 000 men, 40,000 under General John- ston, 30,000 under General Polk, he decided to go, but on the three follow- ing conditions: First, that the force in the department should be as represent- ed, or if not, would be reinforced to that number ; second, that he should take with him his personal and gen- eral staff, and, if needed, ten or twelve experienced officers from the Army of the Potomac, none above the rank of colonel, some to be promoted to brig- adiers, others to major-generals, so as to facilitate his organizing an army,' and, third, that he should return to the command of his army in Virginia. He reached Bowling Green, Ky., on February 4th, and there met for the first time General Albert Sidney John- ston, and learned that, while the en- emy was supposed to have about 130.- 000 men, General Johnston had only 45,000 of all arms and conditions, and that these 45,000 were badly armed. In other words, the situation was any- thing but cheerful. General lohnston, ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 15 too, was equally surprised and chag- ringed to learn from General Beaure- gard that the War Department was ignorant of his forces. General Beau- regard expressed the desire to return to Virginia, but, through deference for General Johnston and the plight he was in, he consented to remain and help him all he could, even offering to remain as his chief engineer and in- spector-general. This offer General Johnston declined, and he himself even offered later to turn over the command of the army to General Beauregard, while he, Johnston, retained command of the department. Disasters followed upon disasters : Bowling Green, Co- lumbus, Ky., and Nashville, Tenn., were evacuated ; Forts Henry and Don- elson, with about 10,000 men, surrend- ered. General Johnston had informed General Beauregard that he could pro- cure no more troops from the Confed- erate and State Governments. In the meantime General Beaure- gard, in spite of his ailment, had been very active in levying and assembling troops by sending a confidential cir- cular by special messengers to the gov- ernors of Alabama, Louisiana, Missis- sippi, and Tennessee, asking for five or ten thousand men equipped, as best they could, for sixty or ninety days ; to General Bragg at Penacola, Lovell at New Orleans, and Van Dorn at Poca- hontas, Ark., to come with whatever troops they could in all possible haste to stated places, with Corinth, Miss., the objective point. He asked that all troops come with three days' cooked rations and forty rounds of ammuni- tion to each man. Strange to say, the War Department did not approve of this call on the gov- ernors of the States for sixty or ninety days' troops, objecting that there was no law authorizing such a levy and affecting to ignore the old adage Inter arma silent leges. All the governors and generals answered with alacrity except Van Dorn, who was engaged with a movement that culminated with the battle of Elkhorn. Prior to leaving his Virginia army to go to the West, General Beauregard had imposed three condition, his sine qua non. One of these was that ten or twelve officers, none above the rank of colonel, but subject to promotion, should be sent to him if called for. These officers were to be men of ex- perience, and it was absolutely nec- essary for him to have them to com- mand in a new army about to take the field. The time had come when their services were needed; troops were coming in freely, the movements of the enemy indicated the necessity of an immediate action on our part, and our army was not yet organized. In "General Beauregard," by Alfred Ro- man, Volume 1, page 251, we read : "On the 4th of March General Beau- regard therefore again urgently asked for two major-generals and five briga- diers, one of the latter to serve with the cavalry, and all to be ordered to report immediately to him. To his great surprise and greater disap- pointment the War Department re- plied that these officers could not be spared Here was an incongruous army, concentrated under the greatest difficulties imaginable, ready for any sacrifice, eager to meet the enemy, but whose organization and effectiveness were fearfully impaired by the abso- lute want of general officers to enforce discipline and establish harmony between its several parts.' General Beauregard threatened to resign ; on the llth the War Depart- ment telegraphed that four generals were on their way to him. Just before the battle of Shiloh he wired to the authorities at Richmond, loco citato, page 253, "that he had called for ten generals, as absolutely indispensable to the efficiency of his forces ; that out of the four granted him two only were present for duty ; and that . . . he would not hold himself responsi- ble for the consequences that might ensue. He appealed at the same time to some leading members of Congress, but this was of no effect. The course of the War Department resulted disastrously, as General 16 Mi'.-mregard had apprehended." This disastrous result was caused by Mr. Davis' narrow-mindedness because of his spite against General Beauregard. This want of general officers is men- tioned in some of the reports. In General Bragg's report we read, "The want of proper organization and dis- cipline, and the inferiority in many cases of our officers to the men they were expected to command, left us often without system or order. . . ." The first meeting of Generals Johnston and Beauregard, in face of the pending calamities, was most pa- thetic, most patriotic. Pro bono pub- lico would that our high officials dur- ing these four years that tried man's souls had always so acted ! In the latter days of March General Johnston made his junction with Gen- eral Beauregard at Corinth, with some 13,000 men. These men, together with those that General Beauregard had gathered from all possible sources, made, on the 2d of April, when that telegram was received from Cheatham at 10 P. M., an army of some 40,000 men, and enabled Generals Johnston and Beauregard to advance on Grant at Pittsburg Landing with 35,953 in- fantry and artillery, plus 4,382 caval- ry, of which two-thirds were useless, or with 40,335 against 66,812 in Grant's and Buell's armies. With this number we left our camps at Corinth on Thursday, April 3, 1862, to attack the enemy at Pittsburg Landing, twenty-three miles distant, where, on Sunday morning at 4:55 the Confederate, Major Hardcastle's pickets in the Fraley field, three miles from the landing, struck the Federal, Major Powell's pickets, and the battle was opened. There is no doubt that the enemy were surprised ; that they were has been admitted directly by the Federal Generals Prentiss and Lew Wallace and indirectly through Feder- al reports and writings. In ''Indiana at Shiloh/' Report of the Commission, by John W. Coons, 44th Infantry, page 73, we read: "A picket line was estab- lished and the 44th was one of the first regiments on the picket line on the great battlefield of Shiloh, which was three weeks before the battle took place.... At 6:30 o'clock Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the booming of cannon and roar of musketry began without any warning whatever in front and on the extreme left. ... In the midst of excitement and the beating of the long roll it was moved forward to the attack, and on its advance was met by a large body of fleeing and panic-stricken men. Guns, knapsacks, and blankets were strewn everywhere. An entire division was seen scattered and retreating, which looked as though the whole Union army had been sur- prised. The enemy at this time was already a mile within the Federal army camps." Our men fought beautifully and slowly, but surely carried everything before them, capturing camp after camp. Here we met our worst stumb- ling-block, the lavish wealth of the enemy's camp and the lack of proper officers to keep our commands togeth- er; and here straggling commenced. Ah, Mr. Davis, why did you not send the officers asked for by General Beau- regard ! This straggling had com- menced before General Johnston fell, as may be seen from the following lines in the book of his son, page 612 : "In his right hand he held a tin cup .... As they were passing through a captured camp, an officer had brought from a tent a number of valuable articles, calling General Johnston's attention to them. He answered with some stern- ness : 'None of that, sir ; we are not here for plunder!' And then, as if regretting the sharpness of the rebuke, - - he added, taking this little tin cup, 'Let this be my share of the spoils today.' " And let us read in General Bragg's report: " . . . . and the large proportion of strag- glers .... Especially was this the case after the occupation of the enemy's camps, the spoils of which served to de- lay and generally to demoralize our men." When Mark Anthony, the representa- tive of Caesar, summoned the beautiful ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 17 and fascinating Cleopatra, the richest, most remarkable woman of the age, Queen of Egypt, to surrender, how did she answer the summons? With money, ornaments, and gifts she came to the Cydmus, and ascended the river in a magnificent barge, prepared to meet her judge, not as a criminal, but as a con- querer. On her arrival she invited him ori her barge, where a banquet, resplen- dent with its munificence and wealth, awaited him. He accepted, et de facto was her prisoner. At the battle of Shiloh human nature had not changed since the days of Caesars and Cleopatras. How- ever well-to-do one is, there is that mor- bid curiosity that bids him stop, look, and reflect at the sight of a lavishness of wealth. It was this curiosity that held so many of our men in these captured camps, not the desire of plunder, for, to the manner born, we had enjoyed better at home from our birth; morbid curios- ity, however, caused many of us, not yet soldiers curbed down to military obe- dience, to stop and become stragglers un- intentionally, instead of chargers in front driving without respite the enemy into the river. Two years later such strag- gling would have been unknown in eith- er army. From the time we captured the second and certainly the third camp our army was in a state of dislocation. Many of our men who but a fortnight previous had been seated at the family table, with their loved ones around them, and who had never handled nor fired a gun, thought that not only the battle was over, but even the war that the enemy had run away and given up the ghost. And now comes the great responsibil- ity of the War Department in not fur- nishing to General Beauregard the twelve only twelve, just think officers he had urged on that department as being abso- lutely necessary in an army of raw re- cruits. These officers would have been at this critical moment better than that many thousands of raw troops, for they would have kept the commands together, each one in its place; instead there were colonels leading companies, brigadiers leading regiments, and the commander- in-chief himself leading a brigade, to be slain at the most critical moment of the contest. General Johnston had no busi- ness in the front line leading a brigade ; his place was in the rear; he was morti- fied at the ignorance, if not neglect of the War Department with respect to the con- dition of his army. Had that department transferred to his command the experi- enced officers General Beauregard had asked for and had shown to.be absolute- ly necessary, General Johnston would not have exposed himself unnecessarily, de- sultory charges would have given place to well made and sustained attacks, dis- locations of command would not have occurred. Indeed, there is every reason to believe that instead of the death of the general-in-chief in the Peach Orchard at 2 :30 P. M. he might have found him- self on the banks of the Tennessee, had the War Department done its duty. Then Mr. Davis would have been spared the injustice may I be allowed to say the puerility? of publishing word for word in chapter 8, volume II, of his book the attack on General Beauregard that was made by his staff officer, Colonel Wil- liam P. Johnston. Their assertions they have never proved, but these same as- sertions are here disproved by the 229 official Confederate and Federal reports of the battle, and also by other proofs that have been obtained since the war. COLONEL WILLIAM PRESTON JOHNSTON. The last chapter of Colonel Johnston's book, "A Son's Estimate" is a beautiful one, bringing forth noble sentiments sentiments that always command respect. How can one write such beautiful lines to a father's memory while hypercriticiz- ing the father of his neighbor ? Is a man great and good only in the eyes of his children? Surely the colonel has for- gotten his own citation that is, " 'Tis only the actions of the just Smell sweet and blossom in the dust." But hush ! silence is more eloquent than speech. 18 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE OUR HEROES. The noble patriots mentioned in these pages have all been ferried over by Charon. Their deeds remain to be stud- ied, pondered over, by the honest stu- dent of history, each to decide for him- self, according to how he sees and un- derstands them. May their patriotism be the incentive to coming generations. Requiescant in Pace. TOPOGRAPHY. The battle of Shiloh was fought on a triangular piece of ground bounded by the Tennessee River on the east, Lick Creek on the south, Owl and Snake Creeks on the north with a frontage of three miles at its base on the river; its sides somewhat more, with an opening, at its apex the west, of one mile more or less, through which we entered our trysting-place. This isosceles is situated twenty-three miles northeast of Corinth, Miss., in the State of Tennessee and is known as Pittsburg Landing, on the Ten- nessee River, a large, deep stream, navi- gable to steamboats the year round. This triangle was an A No. 1 location for a camp, within proximity of an enemy, having its three sides protected by water courses, with its apex as the heel of Achilles. In "Battle of Shiloh," by Major D. W. Reed, page 9, we read : "Pittsburg Landing, on the left bank of the Tennessee River, eight miles above Savannah, was at that time simply a land- ing place for steamboats trading along the river. Its high bluff, at least eighty feet above the water at its highest flood, afforded a safe place for the deposits of products unloaded from, or to be loaded upon, the boats. From this land- ing a good ridge road ran southwesterly to Corinth, Miss., twenty-two miles away. One mile out from the river the Corinth road crossed another road running north and south parallel with the river, and connecting Savannah below with Ham- burg, four miles above Pittsburg Land- ing. One-quarter of a mile beyond this crossing, the Corinth road forked, the part known as Eastern Corinth road run- ning nearly south until it intersected the Bark road, three miles from the river. The other, or main road, running due west from the fork, crossed the Hamburg and Purdy road two miles from the river, and then turning southwest, passed Shiloh Church just two and a half miles from the river. At a point five miles out this main road intersected the Bark road at the southwest corner of what is now the lands of the Shiloh National Mili- tary Park. The Bark road, running nearly due east to Hamburg, forms the southern boundary of the park. "On the south side of the Bark road ridge is Lick Creek, which has its rise near Monterey, and empties into the Tennessee about two miles above the Pittsburg Landing. North of the main Corinth road, and at an average of about one mile from it, is Owl Creek, which flows northeasterly and empties into Snake Creek at the poimt where the Savannah road crosses it. Snake Creek empties into the Tennessee River about one mile below Pittsburg Landing. "All these streams flow through flat, muddy bottom lands and are, in the spring of the year, practically impassable, and in April, 1862, could not be crossed except at two or three places where bridges were maintained. These streams therefore formed an excellent protection against an attack upon either flank of an army camped between them. The gen- eral surface of the land along the Cor- inth road is about on the same level, but is cut up on either side by deep ravines and water courses leading into the creeks. In many of these ravines are running streams with the usual marshy margins. "In 1862 this plateau was covered with open forest with frequent thick under- growth and an occasional clearing of a few acres surrounding the farmhouse of the owner." The lay of the land is more or less irregular, with ravines deep enough to protect horses and even ordnance wag- ons from the passing missiles. About the center is a ridge, the main road, with a watershed to the south into Lick Creek and to the north into Owl and Snake ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 19 PITTSBURG LANDING, TENNESSEE. Copy of a photograph taken in April, 1862, a few days after the battle. The steamer farthest up the river is the "Tycoon," dispatched by the Cincinnati Commission with stores for the wounded; the next steamer is the "Tigress," which was General Grant's headquarter boat. United States Gunboats "Tyler" and "Lexington," across the river. Creeks. So rank was the undergrowth and low the limbs of the trees that the cavalry was useless. At a quarter mile above the landing, between it and the mouth of Lick Creek, is Dill Branch, in a deep ravine with swampy margins and very steep banks to the ridge above, emptying into the Tennessee River. It was at the mouth of Dill Branch that the gunboats were placed, and from there they fired into this ravine, knowing that our men had to cross it to reach the bluff at the river bank where the enemy made his success- ful last stand at sunset. It was in this creek and not in the Tennessee River, half a mile farther, that Lieutenant-Col- onel Miller's men watered their horses after the capture of Ross' Michigan Bat- tery. With perhaps this command as an exception, at 4 P. M. prior to cap- turing this battery when it was half a mile above the gunboats it is doubtful if any of our horses were watered in the Tennessee River. Through a lack of engineers a fact made known to the authorities at Rich- mond, a fact that was by them neglected we were not as thoroughly posted as we might have been, or perhaps as we should have been, on the topography of Shiloh. With the present beautiful maps of that park under my eyes, I account for the error of General Polk, who, be- lieving the Hornets' Nest to be only 400 or 800 yards from the river, instead of over one and a half miles, reported that "one more charge would have captured them on the banks of the Tennessee"; or for the error of Colonel Johnston in 20 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE reporting, "Lindsay's cavalry watered their horses in the Tennessee," when it was in Dill Branch ; or for the error of General Bragg, as reported by Colonel Lockett, when he said, "One more charge, my men, and we shall capture them all." While these gentlemen be- lieved us to be within stone throw of our goal, the Tennessee River, we were in reality more than a quarter of a mile away, and we may have been as much as a mile and a half away. The enemy, having, of course, the advantage of a thorough knowledge of the topography of the grounds, made their last stand on the river bluff, et finis coronal opus. The fruits of the battle of Shiloh were lost because of loss of time : that battle should have been fought on Saturday the 5th, but on account of General Bragg's delay in having his corps in line of battle at 4 P. M. instead of at 8 A. M. that day it had to be postponed to the follow- ing morning, and the precious loss of two or three hours after the death of the general-in-chief brought us on the river banks after sunset, too late to capture the last stand of the enemy, who had been reinforced by a part of BtieH's army. My object in the preceding pages has been to prove by official documents that General Beauregard's maneuver on the first day's fight was not a failure, and hoping that I have succeeded in convinc- ing the reader of this fact I pass over the second day's battle. Including Buell's and Lew Wallace's reinforcements that arrived during the night following the first day's fight, the battle of Shiloh was fought with 107,147 men: 66,812 Federals, 44,335 Confed- erates. Major Reed, in "Battle of Shiloh and Organization Engaged," places the Confederates at 44,699. The Federals lost a grand total of 13,047 : killed, 1,754 ; wounded, 8,408; missing, 2,885. The Confederates lost a grand total of 10,699 : killed, 1,728; wounded, 8,012; missing, 959, or a percentage of killed and wounded of 15 1-6 for the Federals and 21 for the Confederates. The Confederates returned to Corinth with nearly 3,000 prisoners, 30 cannons (some were abandoned for want of horses), 28 flags, and thousands of small arms in lieu of our inferior ones. One regiment, Hill's of Tennessee, having come on the battle-field without any guns, armed themselves with rifles picked up here and there or taken from prisoners. Is such a result a failure? TWO VIEWS OF A PREHISTORIC PIPE FROM A MOUND ON THE SHILOH BATTT-EFTKT/D. Prehistoric Mounds at Shiloh Maj. D. W. Reed /"\N THE banks of the Tennessee ^"^ River, half a mile above Pitts- burg Landing", Tennessee, and within the Shiloh National Military Park, there is a group of seven prehistoric mounds, four of them square and three oval. The largest of these just above the mouth of Dill Branch and upon the bluff 125 feet above low water, is a perfect square 80 feet on each side and 25 feet high above the original ground surface, its east side upon the outer edge of the bluff with such steep decent to the river that it is prac- tically unclimbable. The other mounds are less in size, the smallest one about eight feet high, but all of perfect geo- metrical forms, either square or oval, and all having large oak and hickory trees growing on them. Outside the group of mounds and about a quarter of a mile from the river is a well-de- fined earth work extending from the river above to Dill Branch below the mounds. Soldiers camping on the battlefield in 1862 made some slight excavations in the tops of two of these mounds and the members of the 28th Illinois regiment buried their dead on top of one of them, but no real effort to open any of them for the purpose of ascertaining what was in them was made until June 1899 when the Shiloh Xational Military Park Commission undertook a thorough exploration of the oval mound fartherest up the river. This mound' is 86 feet in its longest diameter and 56 feet in width and at the center is 10 feet and 2 inches high from the original surface of the ground. In excavating, work was com- menced at the ground surface on the north side of the mound and a trench made 4*/2 feet wide which was driven directly toward the center of the mound. Some broken pottery, arrow heads, etc., were found but nothing of importance until at about four feet from the center when it was observed that the ground when struck with pick or shovel gave a hollow sound. Red pipe stone image taken from pre-historic mounds on Shiloh battlefield, June, 1899. Going back a little the excavation was made two feet deeper and then with hands and pocket knives the earth was carefully removed towards the sup- posed hollow space which proved to be a sort of cellar which had been originally covered with large logs. Carefully removing these decayed logs there was exposed the skeletons of three human bodies, one large, one medium and one of small size. With these skeletons was a perfect Prehis- toric Ceremonial Pipe ten inches high 21 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE made from the Minnesota Red Sand- stone, or a similar stone with perfect Egyptian features carved in human form, kneeling upon one knee and hav- ing in the back the pipe bowl and place for mouth-piece. This pipe was sit- ting upon a bed of coal and ashes and was surrounded by the bones of the three bodies that had evidently been buried in a sitting posture facing the pipe and the cellar had been covered with logs and this mound of earth over ten feet in height raised over it all. This pipe, some of the large bones, ear ornaments of shell inlaid with cop- per, as thin as paper, some shell beads, pieces of coal and of lead that were found with the skeletons are preserved in the office of the Park Commission at Pittsburg Landing, where they may be seen by visitors. Reminiscences of Orderly Sergeant of the Fifth Com- pany of the Washington Artillery, C. S. Army, and How He was Saved from Hanging as a Spy by the Endorsement of the Hon- orable Judah P. Benjamin By A. Gordon Bakewell 'TpHE second day of the battle of Shiloh raged with stubborn and exhaustive strife 'till the sun was high in the heavens yet with no advan- tage on either side. Then, as the shadows lengthened that afternoon, the sound of booming cannon and yells of contending armies died away, and a death like silence stole over that bloody field, where still lay the unburied dead, sleeping their last sleep amidst heaps of the "debris" of battle. Over it all, as the daylight faded away, black clouds were gathering fast foreboding, as always after a great battle, the coming of a midnight storm coming out-flashing and out- thundering man's heaviest artillery, to clear the smoke befouled atmosphere, and wash out the blood stains which crimsoned that memorable spot of mother earth. What did it all mean? After that rush and roar of war on that morning? Not a living thing left to tell why this abandonment of what had been the scene of fierce and deadly strife. It meant, that, two contending arm- ies had shattered and each defeated the other in those dark and silent woods, where now, not a breath of air, branch or leaf stirred ; and neither knew the condition of the other. It meant, that the battered Federal force had fallen back, under the pro- tection of their gun boats on the Ten- nessee, and were on the watch, defen- sive only, expecting a renewed attack. It meant, too, that the shattered Confederate Army had withdrawn, back to the abandoned camps from which they had routed Grant's army the day before, and there, as the shades of night fell upon them, they lit the bivouac fires, only to leave them de- ceptively burning, while they com- menced their retreat back to Corinth, and so it was, that the Confederates were not molested. On they tramped their weary way, through tempest and storm and torrents of rain, which broke loose upon them, as if the very ele- ments were expending their forces to further test their endurance. The- roads, and every foot of ground ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE on either side soon became a quagmire, in which men and horses floundered and cannon sunk deep, requiring the utmost efforts of man and beast, amidst the cracking of whips and shouts of drivers, to extricate them from the deep and tenacious mire. Drenched to the skin, with no ap- parent organization, with no provision made of substance for the renewal of man's or poor animal's failing strength, this sturdy army dragged slowly along disappointed but not disheartened ; although fully realizing that they were in retreat ; yet, proud that they had utterly overthrown Grant's great army, and so worsted Buell's, the next day, that no pursuit harassed them, to add danger and capture to the difficulties of their almost impassable way. The only trophies of those two days of Shiloh were theirs, in the capture of some 2,200 Federal prisoners with General B. M. Prentiss in command, who had been sent to the rear on the first day. How at last, through that toilsome retreat, we got back to Corinth, I hard- ly knew for I was worn out, prostrated to almost unconsciousness, and very ill. The surgeons who came and diag- nozed my case, pronounced it so criti- cal that longer stay in that overcrowd- ed camp would prove fatal, and so they procured for me a furlough and transportation to New Orleans. When I reached that city, it had not yet fallen, but before many days the Federal fleet had passed the forts be- low, and anchored in a commanding position to enforce the surrender of the city. Greatly fearing capture, and falling under the tender mercies of General Butler, though still far from well, T bid farewell to my family and boarded the last train that left before the Fed- erals took possession of the defense- less city. On the cars were two young men who claimed to belong to some com- mand in Virginia, but who, evidently, had never smelt gunpowder in battle. They were very boastful of their own prowess, and how they would use the Yankees up. In rebuke of their bragadocio and ignorance of the character of the foes we were fighting, I remarked that al- though our en mies, they had made us respect their fighting at the cannon's mouth. Parting at a change of cars, they went on to be disallusioned if they ever joined their command (which I doubt) and I, on my way to rejoin my command, as far as Atlanta, Ga., to take another train. Arriving at that now famous city of the war, it soon became evident that I was overshadowed by two detectives, who finally told me that by telegraph from those two fellows, the authorities were informed that I was a "Spy." I must say, in thanks to them, or their memories if they are no longer living, that they were as polite and considerate as "Detective Bucket," in "Bleak House" ; keeping me company the livelong night, they smoked my tobacco, allowed me to order and pay for their drinks, and then in the morn- ing, as representatives and officials of the commonwealth of the Confederate State of Georgia, were my "escort" and guests at the breakfast table of the hotel. Seated there, I soon per- cieved that the suspicions upon me had got wind among the company at the table, and that I was having my picture taken, as Mr. Pickwick had his, when first a prisoner in the Fleet prison, and by the malignant glances, especially of the ladies, it was evident that, if turned over to their patriotism, the suspected "Spy" was already con- demned, and would have been taken on the spot, tarred, feathered, and hung without judge or jury such was the intense bitterness at that time, agfainst any man or thing, suspected of Yankeedom ; and the Orderly would, indeed have been eternally the "Or- derly that once was." But Governor Brown soon came into town, and in- terviewed me in the most approved newspaper reporter manner. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE From him I learned, to my great relief that the Hon. Judah P. Benja- min, Secretary of State to the Confed- eracy, was expected to pass through on the incoming morning train on his way to Richmond. To him I was well known. To verify the truth of my account of myself, the Governor in person walked with me down to the depot "arm in arm," the detectives still as escort, closing up the rear. I thought at the time that the Governor had believed my story and did me this distinguished honor to alleviate the mortification of my arrest, as also to protect me from the angry mob that followed clamoring for my blood. Therefore, as dignfied as "Lucifer," I strutted along, proud to be thus ac- knowledged as the Orderly Sergeant of the renowned Washington Artillery, whose fame had already sounded far beyond the thunder of their guns, both those of the four companies in Vir- ginia, and those of the 5th in Tennes- see. But now, I rather think that the Governor was walking me down police fashion, lest I should attempt to es- cape. Upon the arrival of the train, Mr. Benjamin vouched for my loyalty to the Confederacy and the rabble were disappointed. The Governor then in his most dignified and affable manner, begged me to excuse the "disagreeble mistake." Yes ; it was a disagreeable mistake, and might have been a more disagree- able death occasioned by those two young braggarts I had met on the cars. Boarding the train after my escape from hanging, I found that my fellow travelers, had also heard of my arrest. They began, one by one, to want to know all about it. Therefore to avoid frequent repetition over and over again, I stood upon the cars, called their attention, and gave them all a full detailed and exhaustive narrative of the whole occurrence, from begin- ning to end. After that, there was peace to their inquisitive minds ; and soon to relieve the monotony of a long journey, devoid of further excitement, sleep fell upon them, and all I saw or heard from them were "boots" alone of every pat- tern and condition stuck out over the backs of the seats, staring blindly at me, while the wearers, head down, lay snoring. Upon joining my command, and re- lating my adventures at Atlanta, I was joyfully congratulated as a Comrade snatched from an ignominious death by Judah P. Benjamin. Name Daniel Leo Joseph Charbonneau. Reinholdt Anderson.'. John Buckley Isom Youngblood (Col.) Green Goolsby (Col.) James B. Durnell. . . . Tames L. Wilson George Carey Wm. J. Burge Chas. Jackson, Sr. (Col.) . . .'. 1 'atrick I k'laney Flavins T. Jenness.. Wm. S. Trigg ROLL OF HONOR. Where Occupation Employed Supervisor Clinton Carpenter Clinton Engine Cleaner. ..Fort Dodge. Asst. Foreman. .. Burnside . Laborer McComb Section Laborer. .Abbeville Tinner Centralia For. Carpenter. . . Fulton , Eng. Dispatcher. Jackson, Tenn Conductor , . . Centralia . Fireman McComb Machinist's HIpr. Louisville Conductor Waterloo Safety Appl. Insp. Canton . . Service 41 years 16 years .17 years 26 years 22 years .31 years 22 years 25 years .34 years 34 years 31 years 27 years 38 years 19 years Date of Retirement 6/30/14 6/30/14 7/31/14 8/31/14 5/31/14 7/31/14 7/31/14 7/31/14 9/30/13 3/31/14 2/28/14 6/30/14 6/30/14 5/31/14 PUBLIC OPINION the THE FAIR RAILROADS AND PLAY. So moderate, judicial and frank an analysis of the railroad situation as that which Mr. Elliott, the new president of the New Haven system, has written for the Chicago Herald cannot fail to make its own appeal to impartial and intelli 1 gent persons. Mr. Elliott, and the type of broad-minded, progressive railroad executives he represents, long ago ceased to oppose proper and wholesome regulation of railroads. What such men ask, in the interest of national prosperity, as well as in that of the millions dependent for their living on the railroad industry, is "a little more reasonable regulation," in Mr. Elliott's phrase. Surely, a demand for the rule of rea- son in regulation is not itself unreason- able. The railroads cannot go on rais- ing wages, raising taxes, raising the standards of service and safety in every direction without an increase in their net revenue. Nay, they cannot borrow money for improvements and needed extensions if they are not allowed to charge a fair rate for their service. In other words, unreasonable demands on the one hand, and unreasonable restric- tions and threats on the other, spell retrogression and bankruptcy. Now, there are some bright factors in the situation, as Mr. Elliott himself points out. The Supreme Court has been putting the rule of reason into railroad regulation to the extent of its opportunity. But the Supreme Court is passive, like all judicial tri- bunals. It cannot directly affect legis- lation and sentiment. It cannot take the initiative. The commerce commis- World thinks sion has been helping the railroads and developing a body of sound doctrines and rules. But the commission is over- burdened and necessarily slow. What the railroads need more than anything else is a sound and enlightened public opinion. Such an opinion would dis- courage demagogical, extreme, stupid regulation. Such an opinion would create an atmosphere in which railroads might count on fair play, on reasonable consideration of their proper claims. Such an opinion would enable the abler, fitter, saner men in our legisla- tures to protect the railroads and pre- vent folly and ignorance from under- mining their position and clouding their prospects. Public opinion is supreme, and it is for public opinion to insist on reason and simple fairness in dealing with the railroad industry, the second in im- portance in the country. Chicago Herald. AGRICULTURAL EDITOR DE- FENDS RAILROADS. pREDERICK L. CHAPMAN, edi- A tor of Better Farming, is a farm- ers' advocate who takes a serious view of the investment question involving the railways. He finds: "First, that the railroad industry is by far the biggest industry we have. Sec- ond, that it belongs to a lot of people. Third, that it pays more wages to more people than does any other business in the world. "But these features of the case have not been fully stated. When we stop to consider that railroad securities have been the favorite form of investment 26 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE with insurance companies, both life and fire; with savings banks, trust com- panies, estates in which there may be a score of heirs, some in their minorities ; educational and philanthropic endow- ments, etc., we begin to realize who owns these traffic lines which are the very ar- teries through which the blood of our commercial life must flow. "If their ownership were only in the hands of the 500,000 shareholders, whose names are registered on the stock books. it would mean that the average owner was the proprietor of only one-third of a mile of track, but when we reflect that large life, fire and accident insurance companies alone held in 1905 railroad stocks and bonds amounting to approxi- mately $850,000,000, that the savings banks of the country in 1909 held ap- proximately $835,000,000 of railroad se- curities, and, according to the Comp- troller of Currency, in 1910, the trust companies and national and state banks held $680,000,000 of these securities, and when we reflect that there are over 10,- 000,000 depositors in American savings banks alone, to say nothing of the mil- lions of policyholders in insurance com- panies, we begin to realize who, after all, are the owners of these steel ribbons which run to the four quarters of the country." Chicago Examiner, July 24, 1914. ILLINOIS CENTRAL SHOWS IN- CREASE IN EARNINGS. Company Will Report Past Year One of Best Predicts 'Good Business for Future. ' I A HE annual report of the Illinois Central Railroad, to be issued in September, will show that the fiscal year 1914, ended June 30, was one of the best years in point of earnings that has been experienced by the company. As- cording to information obtained yester- day the Illinois Central will show a sub- stantial increase in gross earnings when compared with the previous year. The gains in freight traffic have been large, and the net of the company is ex- pected to show an increase over the pre- ceding year, although operating expenses and maintenance charges have been heavy. Is Exceptionally Favored. "The Illinois Central operates in a territory that has been exceptionally fa- vored," said C. H. Markham, president of the company. "All crops have been good in the South and Southeast, and the business generally in that territory has increased rapidly." Mr. Markham asserts that the excel- lent showing of his company is due in a great measure to the heavy local busi- ness originating on the lines of the com- pany. The short haul freight is the most productive, according to the Central's experience, and Mr. Markham said that the staple crops in the territory fur- nished only a small portion of the ton- nage. Incidental Trade Counts. "It may be interesting to know that cotton furnishes less than 1 per cent of our total tonnage," he said, "and that corn furnishes less than 7 per cent. It is the incidental business which counts. The large cotton crops put money into the territory with which to purchase manufactured goods, and this results in the big freight movements which we have experienced for the last year." Mr. Markham also predicts a good year for 1915 throughout the country served by his company. 'The company's statement of earnings for the fiscal year ended June 30 will be ready for publi- cation next week, and work will be started upon the annual report about that time. F. B. Bowes, vice-president of the Illi- nois Central, yesterday announced the appointment of Charles C. Cameron as general freight agent of the northern and western lines of the company. He succeeds John S. Brown, who resigned recently to become transportation man- ager for the Chicago Board of Trade. Mr. Cameron has been with the Illi- nois Central for several years, and is at present coal traffic manager. Burton J. Rowe, assistant general freight agent, succeeds Mr. Cameron, and James H. 28 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE Cheery succeeds Mr. Rowe. All ap- pointments become effective Aug. 1. Chicago Herald, July 29, 1914. ORGANIZING CREAMERIES. HPHE Illinois Central Railroad is in- * tent upon the work of organizing creameries throughout the state. It has made a very liberal offer to pay the sal- ary for one year for an expert butter man to superintend the operation of these organizations for the first twelve months of their existence. Only a few days ago a creamery was organized at West Station with 600 cows pledged. Prominent anid influential citi- zens were placed at the head of the or- ganization and ample financial backing guaranteed. An effort is now being made to establish a similar organization in Jackson, and prospects are good for its success. This is in line with the recent agricultural organization perfected here, and another movement which means the securing of better market facilities for products originating in the vicinity of the Capital City. To secure one of these creameries 500 cows must be pledged. There are in and around Jackson many more than that number of the best milk producing ani- mals. On many farms are milk cows which practically bring in no revenue, but which combined with those of their neighbors can be made profitable and assure to Jackson a money-making in- dustry. The demand for butter is constantly increasing. In many of the larger cities its price is almost prohibitive, while in many country districts milk is daily wasted in large quantities. The organi- zation of creameries means the bringing of the producer and the consumer to- gether, the reduction of the price of a needed household article of food to the one and the turning of waste product into ready money to the other. Mississippi has in the past few years gained an enviable reputation for the excellence of its cattle, but these same cattle are not producing the profit they should. Any movement that means the opening of more and better markets to the agricultural products of the state means the advancement of its people and greater prosperity of the commonwealth and should be encouraged. Jackson, Miss., Ledger. W PUBLICITY BULLETIN. Loda, III., Register, Friday, July 24, 191-1. E notice a neatly framed bulletin hung upon the walls of the Union Depot waiting room, announcing that the Illinois Central Railroad will place in that frame from time to time infor- mation which the general public ought to know concerning railroads in general, and the Illinois Central, in particular. New bulletins will appear about every two weeks, and we learn from a rail- road representative that these will be very interesting. It strikes us this idea on the part of the Illinois Central is a good one. The principal object ot these bulletins is to acquaint the general pub- lic with matters that will put the railroad and its operation in the proper light. Probably no corporation or public utility is subject to so much abuse as the rail- roads. Everybody, with exceptions, of course, seems to "have it in for" the railroads, and strangest of all, the people receiving the greatest benefits are among the hardest knockers. We not only be- lieve, but we know, that most of the knocking against railroads comes from ignorance and prejudice. We wonder how many ever gave a serious thought to the enormous expense the railroads must incur in order to meet the demands of the traveling public for "better serv- ice." We wonder if it has not occurred to them that locomotives, cars, tracks, station buildings, together with their up- keep, and the army of skilled employes required to operate them, does not cost money. Blot the railroads out of exist- ence, and these great steel bands that bind the nation and the world together, industrially and commercially, would leave stranded in space the greatest wreck in the universe. Every one who has traveled knows that the palatial coaches, having all the comforts of a first-class hotel, with courteous con- ductors and trainmen in charge, is all in ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 21) response to the public demand, and this costs money. For the price of a postage stamp one can travel a mile in great lux- ury, and for the price of an ordinary au- tomobile he can visit all the principal points of interest in the United States and Canada. For the small sum of 25 cents the railroad company will transport 100 pounds of merchandise from Chi- cago to Paxton, for example. This is not expensive service to the public, but it costs the railroad heavily to give it. Another illustration, to show how the public blames and abuses the railroads. A farmer turns his cattle into the right- of-way or neglects to repair his fences, and if a cow or a pig is run over he wants to sue the railroad. In the first place the farmer's stock was trespassing, and in the second place it was the farm- er's fault for turning his stock out. A man approaches a railroad crossing and foolishly tries to beat a fast train across. The engineer has given the usual signal and expects the man to have gumption enough to know that a fast train cannot stop to let him pass first. The train strikes the buggy or automobile and the railroad is sued. While the railroads, like every other corporation, might at times be subject to blame through acts of their employes, the fact remains that railroads are the nation's greatest insti- tution and the people's friend. We be- lieve in right and justice towards rail- roads, as well as toward other corpora- tions and individuals. International Press Clipping Bureau, Chicago. Proceedings of Monthly Meeting of the Central Agents' Association Clinton, July 14, 1914. All Agents: \>\ T 7 The June meeting of the Central Agents' Association was held in the Trainmaster's Office at Clinton, Saturday evening, June 20, 1914, with the following present: G. E. Patterson F. A. Allison P. K. Hanley W. A. Yoder T. A. Meehan F. W. Plate P. J. Mallon T. B. Walker G. W. Rollins G. W. Armstrong H. R. Peters. No regular program had been arranged for the evening so after the elec- tion returns were counted and it was announced that G. W. Rollins was elected president and H. R. Peters was elected secretary the evening's dis- cussions were opened by one of the agents present inquiring as to whether or not the I. C. R. R. would find it to its advantage to use old box car bodies at grain loading stations to keep the grain doors in and under lock at night. These doors cost the company 50c each and at a number of stations during the winter months they have a habit of moving after dark and never return- ing. Besides this exposure to the weather warps them and rots them until they became useless for loading unless used double and that means the use of more doors per car. At present the Company is disposing of a lot of old car bodies by saw- ing them in two and establishing them at smaller stations as coal sheds, but as the smaller capacity cars are rapidly being taken out of service it is thought that the old bodies could be utilized for this purpose and in a year's service more than pay for the expense of installing them, one to each elevator. Also several of the agents from grain loading 1 points spoke of getting grain door 30 lumber in strips for patching cars and also for nailing over the grain doors in cars where a whole door could not be used. This lumber is being used on the Illinois Division, and it was thought by those present that if this lumber could be secured by this division it would also help to keep our grain door bill down to a minimum. Burlap also is a great help to wheat shippers and while the I. C. R. R. did not furnish this for awhile one of the agents present said he wrote Mr. Patterson a personal letter asking for burlap and it was furnished and if any of the other agents need burlap this will serve as a hint as to how they may get some. From this matter the discussion branched out to checking carload ship- ments of all sorts of piece goods and the agents were told that we would have to check carload shipments if it was requested and also make notations on carload shipment freight bills. The agents thought this would necessitate more help at some of the stations and in speaking of more help the ques- tion of taking young men into the depots to teach them the station work was brought up and Mr. Patterson told the agents that it would be 'agreeable to the Company for the agents to do this if they cared to, but he suggested that he be advised of all such helpers being put on and that they be sent to Clinton to take the physical examination so that when they have learned the station work and are ready to go out on a job, they will not be turned down for some reason such as bad eyesight, color blindness or poor hearing. But in all cases the agents were advised to inform the Superintendent when they took anyone in the depots to instruct them. Before we were finished Mr. Meehan started the bad order question again and once more tried to impress upon the agents the necessity of making bad order notations at the time of delivery of freight to avoid extra work all around and wound up on the short reports coupons which he has been after us on and he said that he had caught several offices "red handed," that is, they had neglected to send in the coupons covering short freight which had been received and delivered after the report was sent in. Several other minor questions were brought up by the agents during the evening and these meetings bid fair to become clearing houses for agents who run across "stumpers" during the month and wish to get straightened. The next meeting will be held in Clinton at the Superintendent's Office, Saturday evening, July 18th, at 8 :00 p. m., and an effort is being made to get some members of the General Freight Department at Chicago to come to Clinton and give the agents a talk on tariffs. All the agents are most urgently requested to come and get in on the general discussions. Yours respectfully, H. R. PETER?, Secretary. Railway Mail Pay Mr. Ralph Peters, Chairman of the Committee on Railway Mail Pay, authorizes the following statement New York, June 25th, 1914. we must take exception to some of his An amazing statement from Chair- statements. man Moon of the Post Office Commit- Without waiting for the report of the tee of the House of Representatives is Joint Congressional Committee, which published this morning. We have no has, for two years, been investigating desire for a personal controversy, but the subject of railway mail pay, Con- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 31 gressman Moon had already introduced a bill which would still further reduce the pay and thereby extend the in- justice to which the railroads are now subjected. The railroads have been claiming, and they still assert that they have proved to the Joint Congressional Com- mittee that they were already under- paid at least $15,000,000 a year for carrying the mail, and that no fair con- sideration has been given to the ques- tion of compensating them for carrying the parcel post. Yet Congressman Moon casually states that under his bill "the compensation is not much less, if any, than the present pay." The Congressman questions the statement that his bill would produce a loss to the railroads of $11,000,000 a year in addition to the loss they have already suffered. This is a question of fact impossible of determination ex- cept by technical experts and nobody can better judge of that fact than the Joint Congressional Committee which will soon submit its report for the con- sideration of Congress. Congressman Moon states that the introduction of his bill was delayed as long as possible, and that the policy of delay has been practiced by the rail- roads for sixteen years. The fact is that the railroads have been seeking by every proper means during the past 25 years to obtain from Congress fair treatment on this subject. The railway companies have for the last eighteen months been urging the Postmaster i jeneral to no longer delay giving at- tention to adequately compensating them for carrying the increased burden of the parcel post. They have, indeed, brought to public attention every rea- son that they could suggest why Con- gress should indefinitely delay any ac- tion to give them less than their serv- ices are worth. Congressman Moon further asserts that "the only material difference be- tween the Joint Congressional Com- mittee and the Committee of Congress- man Moon is that the Commission pro- poses a higher rate than the Commit- tee." The fact is that the Commission has not yet reported its recommenda- tions, and that the rates of pay pro- posed by Congressman Moon's bill are absolutely confiscatory. We are in full accord with the con- clusions of Chairman Moon that the old method of weighing the mails once in four years is altogether unfair, un- scientific and unbusinesslike. We have urged for many years that the mails should be weighed every year for the whole country and the pay adjusted ac- cordingly. The claim is also unfounded that the railroads divert the mails so as to pad them when the regular weighing is in progress. The railroads have no control over the movement of the mails; the routing is all done by the officers of the Post Office Depart- ment. The Department officers will readily verify this statement. The railroads are prepared to abide by the conclusion of the Joint Con- gressional Committee upon the fact as to whether or not they are now over- paid. They are also eager to co-operate with the government in arriving at a policy to govern future methods of pay- ment which will protect the govern- ment, and at the same time secure to the railroads that pay to which they are justly entitled. APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS. Effective Aug. 1, 1914, Charles C. Cameron appointed general freight agent, northern and western lines, to succeed Mr. Brown, resigned. Effective Aug. 1, 1914, Burton J. Rowe, coal traffic manager, to succeed Mr. Cameron. Effective Aug. 1, 1914, James H. Cherry, assistant general freight agent, northern and western lines, to succeed Mr. Rowe. by HPHE first settlers of the present city of Greenville stepped from the Memphis & Vicksburg packet "Bos- tona" (then plying between Memphis and Vicksburg), on the banks of the Mississippi river in the spring of 1865. At the time there was not a building of any kind in sight. In the early autumn, however, structures of a rude kind be- gan to spring up, and five years later, in June, 1870, Greenville was incor- porated. The growth of the city was, for several years, very much retarded by the disastrous effect of the war. then just closed. The destruction of prop- erty of every .kind by the army had been- so complete that the planters had but little left with which to till and cultivate the soil. But, with indom- itable will, coupled with a patriotism unequaled in the annals of history, Washington county's citizens began anew the work of reconstruction and development, although beset on every side with obstacles apparently insur- mountable, destructive and disasters so appalling that the average man would have given up in despair. These loyal patriots had abiding faith in their country and were not to be dis- couraged, but instead put forth renewed effort at every point, and with Spartan- like determination, battled against fam- ine and flood, enduring every conceiv- able hardship that their country and city might be redeemed and rehabil- itated from the ravages of war and defended from the destructive en- croachments of the high waters of the Mississippi river. And today, out of a wilderness as of yesterday, has sprung Greenville, the largest and one of the most progressive cities in the Yazoo-Mississippi Valley, surrounded on all sides by an agricultural section of country which, in productiveness of soil, is unsurpassed by any other known section on the globe, popu- lated by a people energetic. God-fear- ing, honorable and hospitable. The Days of the Pioneer. In the early development of Wash- ington county, about the time Green- ville came into existence, the only means of travel to the interior was by stage coach or on horseback, entailing many hardships upon those who in the usual transaction of business and in attendance upon Court, had to journey to and from Greenville, the county seat. Very naturally, the progressive ele- ment of the country was anxious to see a railroad constructed into Greenville. For forty-one years, from 1836 to 1877, sporadic demands for rail transporta- tion had been made, only to be swamped by adverse sentiment or lack of funds, and not until December, 1877, was the first contract let for the con- struction of a railroad out of Green- ville the Greenville, Columbus and Birmingham Railroad, now the South- ern Railway. In the autumn of 1877 the Green- ville, Columbus and Birmingham Rail- road Company entered into a contract for the construction of a narrow-gauge road from Greenville to Stoneville, on Deer Creek, a distance of about nine miles, with C. P. Huntington, presi- dent of the Greenville Construction Company, upon the completion of which the latter company was to re- ceive in payment $50,000.00 of bonds voted by the City of Greenville. The proof of completion was to be the suc- cessful running of a train of cars to Stoneville and return. 34 Charles Perrit Huntington was born in Norwich, Connecticut, in the year 1836; his ancestry was of the highest type, including the Hunting-tons and Perrits ; his maternal grandfather, whose surname he bore, was Pelatiah Perrit, who at one time was president of the board of commissioners of New York City. When young his inherent spirit of restlessness led him to the West. He settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and speculated largely in grain. At the close of the war he came South and cultivated the Davis plantation in Da- vis Bend. The overflows from the Mis- sissippi river proved disastrous and his losses were heavy. Later he purchased the Roach plantation, which lies just south of the City of Greenville, and became again a cotton planter. Mr. Huntington was prepossessing and distinguished in appearance, of ac- tive brain and untiring energy, one who turned threatened defeat into vic- tory, labored to overcome obstacles and was sure to find a way out. He was a man of wonderful resources, which he used to the accomplishment of his plans and purposes. His liber- ality was bounded only by ability or possessions ; he lavished his means up- on his friends. He made a gift to the City of- Greenville of a library build- ing, elegantly furnished and stocked with choice books of travel, history, fact and fiction, with volumes contain- ing steel engravings of works of art, and the rooms were supplied with maps and globes, a large magic lantern and a superior magnifying glass, all at a cost of $10,000.00 at one time and in one sum. He was loyal and constant to his friends and was beloved by them, and withal he was a man of faith and of works, a professing Christian and a faithful communicant, his purity of thought and action was in harmony with a high standard of living. Such was the man who planned and with continuous effort built the first rail- road in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta. He was a citizen of Greenville, and as such his ambition was for the welfare of the .city and people. He came to the country with laudable purposes to enter the lists and contend for eco- nomic preferment. At the same time he opposed evil and was willing to immolate self for victory of the right. Considerable difficulty was at first experienced in obtaining the right-of- way and in securing a bond issue to aid in the work of construction. Col. W. A. Percy was employed to canvass the county for the purpose of securing the necessary bond issue. After the Colonel had in a very masterly way spoken of the great advantages of a railroad through the county, enhanc- ing the value of land, reducing the taxes, besides the great accommoda- tion in travel, freight, etc., he was ad- dressed by some planter near Hollon- dale as ' follows : "I am opposed to voting the bonds. I am opposed to the railroad. There ain't no accommoda- tions about them. Now, the boats are all right. When Captain White lands the 'Pargoud,' you can go aboard and get a good drink of liquor with ice in it, and the captain will take one with you, and he ain't in no hurry. He will talk with you and give you plenty of time for your liquor to cool and to drink it. But them railroads come like a streak of lightning through your field, scaring your mules, killing your chickens and hogs stopping about a minute for you to get off or on noth- ing to drink aboard. I was going from Vicksburg to Jackson about a year ago, and I got off at Edwards to get a drink, and I told the cap'n of the train to wait a moment, I was going to get a drink of liquor, for I was mighty dry. Well, I hadn't more than touched the bar hadn't even had time to order my liquor when off that train started. I hollered to stop and ran after it, but the blamed thing kept going faster and faster, and I had to stay in that town until next day. No, sir; there is no accommodation in a railroad, and we don't want them things in this county, killing the chickens and hogs and scar- ing the game." ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 35 Note Acknowledgment is hereby made to the Hon. Henry T. Ireys of Greenville, Miss., for reference to his early history of Washington County. In 1884 or 1885 the Memphis & New Orleans Railroad & Levee Company built a Ihie from Wilczinski south to Hampton near the Washington-Issa- quena County line, passing through Greenville. The Memphis & New Orleans Rail- road & Levee Company was consoli- dated with the L., N. O. & T. R. R. Co. March 18, 1886. The L., N. O. & T. R. R. Co. was consolidated with the Yazoo & Missis- sippi Valley Railroad Company Octo- ber 24, 1892, and the corporate name of the consolidated companies is the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad Company. Thus we have the brief history of the second railroad that serves Green- ville and the south. We mean second in date of construction only, for in im- portance to the prosperity and mate- rial growth of the valley it easily ranks first, because its lines of steel radiate in every direction and furnish trans- portation facilities without which the marketing of the products of this mar- velously rich soil would in many cases be seriously hampered and in many other cases impossible. Chamber of Commerce. By R. L. Pritchard. In presenting this article for your perusal and, we hope, careful consider- ation, we do so fully conscious of the fact that you are seeking real depend- able information, something which truly presents actual conditions as they exist facts, not fiction. The Greenville Chamber of Com- merce has no land or a penny's worth of property of any kind for sale. We are interested only in presenting to you, as a prospective homeseeker, in- formation of that character which truthfully portrays this particular sec- tion of the country as a field for the profitable investment of capital for in- dustrial purposes ; in lands suitable and well adapted to diversified farming, stock raising, dairying a section of country embracing those natural ad- vantages in productiveness of soil, equable climate, good water, schools and churches in fact, a section sur- rounded by all those environments so essential in selecting a suitable loca- tion in which to make a home and live in peace and contentment. We commend this article to. you as a compendium of facts truthfully illus- trating actual existing conditions and the wonderful results being obtained by our present prosperous, happy and thoroughly contented citizens. What We Have to Offer You. Greenville, the county seat of Wash- ington County, with a population of about fifteen thousand, has had a phe- nomenal growth during the past ten years ; is the largest city in the Yazoo- Mississippi Delta, and ranks as one of the best cities of its class; admirably situated on the banks of the Missis- sippi River, is by reason of her supe- rior transportation facilities, rail and water, rightly considered the metropo- lis of this vast section of what the United States Government concedes to be the richest and most productive ag- ricultural section of country on the American continent. Indeed, the Mississippi Delta, "in the very heart of which Greenville is lo- cated, has been abundantly blessed by Divine Providence with a soil so rich in humus and so productive that it is entirely unnecessary to draw upon the imagination in order to accurately and truthfully set forth and exemplify the wonderful yields in cotton, corn, oats, alfalfa and other forage crops that are being produced year after year in this God-favored zone. Cotton has for many years been the staple crop grown in the territory tributary to Greenville. In fact, Wash- ington county enjoys the distinction of having within her confines, the largest cotton plantation in the world, situated within a few minutes ride of Greenville. During the season just closed (1913), Washington county pro- 36 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE duced over 85,000 bales of cotton, worth over $5,500,000.00. In addition the byproducts manufactured from the cotton seed, such as cotton seed oil, cotton seed meal, cake, linters, hulls, etc., worth $1,500,000.00; or a total of over $7,000,000.00 realized from this crop alone. And to this the value of other crops, such as corn, oats, alfalfa, clover, lespedeza, truck, livestock, etc., worth over $3,000,000.00, and we have for the season an aggregate production in Washington county of farm prod- ucts worth over ten millions of dollars. The Delta country is in reality a land of peace and plenty. Thousands of acres of these rich, productive lands , await the coming of the industrious farmer, ready to respond to the touch of the plow-shear and bring forth yields and resultant wealth that in a few years will make you independent. Greenville and the territory adjacent is not, and never has been, a "boom" section of country. On the contrary, with agricultural products as a basic wealth, the absolutely pure artesian water with which the city is abun- dantly supplied, the adoption of a most effective drainage system throughout the country, and the rigid enforcement of all sanitary and hygienic laws, assuring the best possible health con- ditions, its steady growth and progress have been of a sound and substantial character, progressive and conserva- tive. By a careful and minute study of the illustrations and statements contained in the following pages, showing actual results obtained (the accuracy and truthfulness of which may be easily verified) the homeseeker should be able to evolve in his own mind a plan by which he might, without delay, investigate personally, the many ad- vantages and opportunities for profit- able investment now being offered in these Delta lands. A new drainage district contiguous to Greenville has recently been sur- veyed and at the present time large forces are at work cutting a drain- age canal which will open up for immediate settlement, approximately 450,000 acres of this rich, productive land. Never before has such a golden opportunity presented itself to home- seekers in the north, to secure a reasonable acreage of wealth produc- ing lands at figures ridiculously low. These lands are peculiarly well adapted to growing corn, alfalfa, oats and other grain and forage crops, truck gardening, dairying and live stock. A very important feature of the develop- ment going on in this section, is the fact that you have a ready and profitable local market for all farm products and demand at the present time being much greater than the supply. Industrial Greenville. Greenville, by reason of her geo- graphical position, is the natural gate- way to and from Central Mississippi and Eastern Arkansas, and therefore enjoys quite an extensive jobbing and retail trade in all lines. The large and complete stocks carried by her whole- sale and retail merchants, the strength and stability of her banking institu- tions, and their liberal, yet conserva- tive method of promptly caring for all business entrusted to them, are conveniences and facilities of which, the public has been quick to avail itself. In addition to the facilities afforded by her two Trunk Line Railroads, Greenville enjoys a distinct advantage in her water transportation through the various packet lines operating on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, afford- ing cheap and convenient freight and passenger service and placing her in direct touch by barge service, with the coal fields of Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. In like manner she .is able to reach, on a minimum freight rate, all the principal distributing points and business cen- ters in the Mississippi Valley. We have exceptional inducements to offer wood working plants of all kinds, such as stave and heading fac- tories, hub, hoop, chair, slack barrel, 38 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE cabinet shop, window and door screen factory, planing- mill to handle odd size mill work. Also, hosiery and underwear, glove, overall, mattress and other factories utilizing cotton and cotton products as raw material. Residential Greenville. Co-incident with the expansion and exploitation of the retail and jobbing trade and the progress made in all industrial lines, Greenville has like- wise developed a patriotic citizenship that has made her pre-eminently a "City of Homes". The palatial resi- dences of a style of architecture typical of the Ante-Bellum days, which line her beautifully shaded and well kept streets, blend into a most pleasing and Educational Greenville has a right to feel proud of her public schools. They have for more than a generation been preparing boys and girls for college, and, better yet, for life. Last year the entire enrollment ex- ceeded 2,100. Of course, the larger proportion is colored. Concerning the colored schools it will be sufficient to say that a representative of the Spring- field Republican, after traveling through the entire south, wrote them that they were the best in state and among the best in the south. Greenville has provided comfortable buildings and ample playgrounds for her children. She has been the pio- neer in many advance educational movements. More than twenty years ago, art and physical culture were given places in the curriculum. She had the first free kindergarten. She led the state in providing a separate high school building and her labora- tories were for years the best to be found in Mississippi's public schools. She offers a night school for pupils who have to work during the day. The high school building was inher- ited when the new Central grammar school was built, and at that time was antiquated. The new high school now under contract will be the best and last word on secondary school buildings. It will have connected with it large provision for athletic field and agricul- tural experimental ground. Besides ample provision for general class-room work, special provision has been made for laboratories and lecture rooms for sciences, especially agriculture, domes- tic science and manual training. There will be a splendid library and audi- torium. The swimming pool, shower baths and gymnasium are to be fitted up with the very best modern equip- ments, This will be done at a cost of $65,000, and when completed will not only be a pride to her citizens but the central feature of our civic life. The high school is one of six stand- ard high schools in the state. Grad- uates in recent years have taken high rank in Virginia University, Wash- ington and Lee, University of Mis- souri, University of Indiana, Randolph- Macon and our state colleges. Truck Farms There is no soil on earth more de- pendable or richer in potentialities than the soil found in Washington County, in which Greenville is located. Nature has compounded here a soil adapted to the growing of cotton, corn, all varieties of field and forage crops, oats, cow peas, alfalfa, Lespedeza, Bermuda grass, clovers and soy beans. While it is true that the great staple crops of corn, cotton, alfalfa, etc., have yielded such large returns on the allu- vial land of the Delta that the average farmer has not given much attention to truck growing, still the experienced truck grower believes he can make more from his truck crops than the general farmer can from his staple crops. Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, cabbage, sweet corn, cantaloupes, wa- termelons are some of the truck grown on the larger scale. Of several of the varieties, two crops of the same kind can be secured in a single season. No- where can be found a soil that so quick- ly responds to cultivation and a most generous growth of vegetation. In this section one crop fits in after an- 40 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE other and the farmer who follows di- versification keeps planting the year around, making something and adding to his bank account every month Field turnips, known as the "third crop," are planted in September and mature in November; the yield per acre is large and makes an exception- ally good stock food. DAIRYING. Listen to What a New Comer From Indiana Says About It. I came to Greenville, Mississippi, from Bedford, Indiana, on April 1, 1909, having been engaged in the dairy- ing business in Indiana. I bought a small place about one mile from Green- ville and commenced with just a small barn and 30 milch cows, and now I have a modern barn with seventy stalls, mechanical milker, and capacity for storing 120 tons loose hay beside two 120 ton silos. My herd now con- sists of seventy milch cows, 25 calves and one registered Jersey bull and I expect to erect a 25 stall addition to my barn within a short time and in- crease my herd to 100 milch cows for I cannot supply the needs of my cus- tomers, who pay me ten cents per quart for all the milk I can produce. All of the Delta land is very rich and produces alfalfa, cow peas, vetch, soy beans, crimson, red, white, alsike and sweet clover, also lespedeza, all of which are very rich in protein. Legumes grow to perfection in Delta soil and with this quality of hay the dairyman or stockman does not need to buy so much protein feed that always is high priced. We grow plenty of silage to balance this rich protein hay with, and the Delta land is so fertile that it makes far more feed and pasturage to the acre than any land that I am ac- quainted with and I have been over all of the best farming lands in In- diana, Illinois and Wisconsin. With all of the above advantages over our friends in the North, includ- ing our Southern climate, it leaves us a much greater profit than they enjoy. The cattle tick has been eradicated in this county and I expect this to become a great cattle and stock coun- try on account of the warm, sunny, winters and the richness and abun- dance of our grasses. In my herd I have principally Jersey and Holstein cattle and I find it cheaper to raise my own cows than to buy them. Our pasture had white clover, which grows 12 to 15 inches high, in bloom on February 20th of this year (1914), while some years we have had it in bloom as early as January 25th. After white clover comes ber- muda grass which pastures twice as manv.cows as the best blue grass in the North. My mechanical milking plant reduces the cost of milking 50 per cent besides insuring a far purer product with much lower bacterial count for all stable air is excluded and milker and milk vessels are easily thoroughly cleansed. . With our rich lands and warm clim- ate we are able to produce cattle and milk more cheaply than anywhere else in the United States and our train service is such that any surplus of milk produced can be shipped at night and reach Memphis and New Orleans in time for early morning deliver}' which at all times insures a ready market for all that can be made. the Biographical Sketch No. 6 GEORGE TRUMBULL. Born at Colchester, Conn., June 14, 1818. Solicitor for Illinois Central Railroad Co., 1867-1876. Died in Chicago on October 23, 1888. 42 Some Recent Commerce Decisions 1. Cancellation of Grain Elevation Allowance. The Interstate Commerce Commission has held, opinion by Mr. Commissioner McChord (30 ICC Rep., 696) that the tariffs of the Louisville & Nashville and Illinois Central roads, cancelling their elevation allowance of one-forth cent per bushel on grain at St. Louis and East St. Louis, when destined to Evansville, has been justi- fied, it appearing that the elevation now in question is not a transportation service, and that the proportion out of which the allowance is made is a compelled rate ; that a comparison of the rate from St. Louis and East St. Louis to Evansville with the rate from Peoria to Evansville does not neces- sarily signify undue discrimination, if the withdrawal of these roads' con- currences in the rate from Peoria would not affect the movement, rates or practice respecting elevation ; and that the test of discrimination is the ability of one of the carriers participat- ing in the two through routes to put an end to the discrimination by its own act. 2. Coal Rates to Nebreska. In Beatrice Commercial Club vs. C. B. & Q. R. Co., et al, 31 ICC Rep., 173, the rates on soft coal from southern Illi- nois to Beatrice were not found to be unduly prejudicial as compared with lower rates to Lincoln, the rate from Herrin, 111., being $2.55 to Lincoln and $3.05 to Beatrice. The Commission held that the rates to Lincoln are the result of competitive conditions that do not exist at Beatrice and that the rates to Beatrice are nearer the nor- mal basis than those to Lincoln ; .Beatrice is not intermediate to Lin- coln via the direct line, and the lines on which it is intermediate are com- pelled to meet the competitive con- ditions they find at Lincoln. 3. Coal rates to Chicago. In Drury Coal Co., vs. I. C. R. R. Co. Un- reported opinion A-697, the Commis- sion decided that the present rate of $1.47 per ton on soft coal from Waver- ly, Ky., to Chicago is not unreason- able or unduly prejudicial, as com- pared with a rate of $1.05 from El- dorado, Ills. 4. Dunnage Allowance. The Com- mission held (30 ICC Rep., 538), that carriers operating in southwestern territory have justified their cancel- lation of the allowance for the actual weight of dunnage not in excess of 500 pounds furnished by shippers at their expense to protect carload freight shipped in box, stock or refrigerator cars, the primary purpose of dunnage being to make the load safe for trans- portation and to prevent injury to the goods ; that under these circumstances, and in view of the fact that the sub- stitution of dunnage for the more ex- pensive boxes and crates and other packing material is of advantage to the shipper and reduces the gross weight upon which freight must be paid, it is not inconsistent that the carriers should receive revenue for the total weight hauled; and Commission said further : "Risk is one of the elements enter- ing into the present day rate fabric, and innumerable classifications and tariffs throughout the country con- tain packing and shipping require- ments which can have no other justi- fication than the right of the carrier to require the use of substantial and suitable containers and the elimina- tion of hazard by the secure staying of unpacked articles. Carriers are obligated to furnish suitable cars and to receive and transport goods ten- dered to them in safe shipping condi- tion, but are not obligated to prepare shipments for transportation. Stan- dard box, stock, ventilated, and re- frigerator cars in good repair will accommodate all of the ordinary and usual needs of shippers, and if more than this is demanded because of the 43 44 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE form, nature, or peculiar characteris- tics of goods tendered for conveyance some obligation must attach to the shipper in connection with the ad- ditional demand. . . . We have uniformly approved the open-car allowances for standards, stakes, strips, blocks, and braces, and in several cases have held 500 pounds to be a reasonable allowance. . . . The views expressed In Re Western Classification, 25 ICC. Rep., 442, still have full force and effect with respect to open cars, but they were not in- tended to define the reasonable prac- tice to govern shipments in closed cars." 5. In Rental charge for insulated cars, 31 ICC Rep., 255, opinion by Chairman Harlan, the Commission approved, as reasonable, a rule provid- ing for a charge of $5.00 per trip for the use of refrigerator or insulated cars in the transportation of potatoes from points in Minnesota to points in other states. The rule reads : "When shipper orders a refrigerator or other insulated car to be heated by him or to move without heat, a charge of $5.00 per trip will be made for use of car and will accrue to the owner thereof." This case is distinguished from Arlington Heights Fruit Ex- change case 20 ICC Rep., 106, thus: there was nothing allowed to be added for furnishing refrigeration, "since that has been taken into account in establishing the rate of transporta- tion." Not so as to potatoes, which "in the beginning moved in box cars during the fall months and the rates were fixed on the basis of such move- ment." 6. Promising Reparation in Ad- vance of Shipments. In Unreported Opinion A-661 of April 7, 1914, Fuller- ton-Moses Tie Company vs. Missouri Pacific R. Co., the Commission said : "It is evident that to sanction as a just basis for reparation the priv- ate understanding prior to the ship- ments, the rate remaining unchanged until the shipments were made, would be to establish the precedent for the grossest discrimination and favoritism." (Armour Car Lines vs. S. P. R. Co., 17 ICC Rep., 461.) and the Commission proceeds in the Fullerton Case : "We may add that the practice of publishing a special rate to accom- modate one shipper and of cancel- ling that rate when the accommoda- tion is no longer desired is sugges- tive of an attempt to evade those provisions of the Act to Regulate Commerce which forbid the giving of any advantage or discrimination." 7. "Five Per Cent Case. In Re Revenue of Rail Carriers in Official Classification Territory, I & S Doc. No. 333 and ICC Doc. No. 5860, 31 ICC Rep., 351, the Commission de- cided on July 29, 1914, opinion by Chairman Harlan, that "Treating as one road the 35 railway systems that have joined in this application for our approval of a so-called 5 per cent advance in their freight charges, we have reached the conclusion that their net operating income is insufficient and should be increased"; and it approved an increase by 5 per cent in the intraterritorial class and com- modity rates in Central Freight As- sociation territory, (which comprises the territory east of the Mississippi river, north of the Ohio river and west of Buffalo and Pittsburgh), except on certain heavy commodities, namely brick, tile, clay, coal, coke, starch, cement, iron ore and plaster. As to these heavy commodities the Commis- sion says, "The protestants made such a showing as to constrain us to hold that the carriers have failed to sustain their burden under the statute." The Commission held fur- ther, "There can be no doubt upon the record that the carriers in Central Freight Association territory ought in the public interest, to have as much additional revenue as would be pro- duced by a 5 per cent increase, as modified herein, and possibly more. It is not improbable, however, in view of the modifications we have required in those tariffs, that they will find it more desirable at once to undertake ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 45 the readjustment which they assert is necessary." The Commission held further that no showing has been made warranting a general increase in trunk line rates, (embracing the territory between Buffalo and Pittsburgh on the west and the Hudson river on the east), nor in rail-and-lake rates, nor in the rates on traffic moving between the different rate territories in the official classifica- tion territory (for example from trunk line territory to Central Freight Association territory.) The Commission then makes tenta- tive suggestions for increasing the revenues of the carriers with respect to the following matters : (a) Passenger fares. (b) Freight rate rules and regula- tions relating to minimum weights and similar matters. (c) Payment for such special serv- ices as expedited movement; transit privileges ; loading and unloading freight ; collecting and delivering freight; storing freight; transporting containers ; furnishing and transport- ing dunnage, preservatives, etc., fur- nishing or paying for wharfage and dockage ; refrigeration service ; recom- signing carload freight ; and other spe- cial services. ''Among the most important benefits to be derived from the readjustments just proposed will be that of causing the individual railroad to avoid traffic on which it can only lose money and which may, perhaps, be profitable to other carriers. The scramble for ton- nage, which has led to so many abuses, should be succeeded by an orderly pursuit of profit-earning traffic. In this there should be a closer co- operation between traffic and operat- ing officials of the carriers." (d) Free transportation of pas- sengers and private cars is a heavy burden. Further restriction is recom- mended. (e) A careful review of methods for increasing freight car efficiency is suggested. Mr. J. M. Daly, General Superintendent of Transportation, is quoted as having found "that even in the busy season, a freight car was moving in trains on the Illinois Cen- tral only 3^ days out of every 30." The Commission adds : "Taking the average of all roads in official classifi- cation territory for the whole year, the time a car is moving in trains probably does not exceed 2 days out of 30, and the car is under load only 2 out of those three. Furthermore, the cars under . load are loaded on an average to only about 58 per cent of their capacity." (f) Fuel, is, next to wages, the largest item in operating expenses. The railroads of the United States report their aggregate fuel cost to be about $250,000,000. By means of mechanical devices and otherwise the B. & O. since 1910, reduced its coal consumption 9y 2 per cent per unit of freight traffic moved. (g) Avoiding penalties for infrac- tion of the laws directly connected with interstate commerce carriers in official classification territory, have paid since December 1, 1909, in the aggregate $814,135 in forfeitures and fines, the larger part of which repre- sents penalties for rebating. (h) We suggest that, as soon as reasonable opportunity offers, properties heretofore acquired by the carriers which are not used or held by them for transportation purposes be sold. (i) Suggests investigation to de- termine to what extent the cost of construction, or of acquiring properties or capital, or of operation, is being increased through the holding by directors, officers or employes of in- terests in other concerns with which the carrier has dealings. (j) All expiring contracts with sleeping-car companies should be care- fully reviewed before being renewed. Commissioners McChord and Daniels dissented from the conclusion reached by the majority. They approved of the increase in Central Freight As- sociation territory, and said in sub- stance that the evidence warranted a like increase in trunk line territory. 8. Commission's judgment final on 46 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE questions of fact, but where order was made without any evidence, a question of law is presented. In Florida East Coast Ry. Co. vs. U. S., 234 U. S., 167 (decided June 8, 1914), the Supreme Court held, opinion by Mr. Chief Jus- tice White, p., 185, that "while a find- ing of fact made by the Interstate Commerce Commission concerning a matter within the scope of the authority delegated to it is binding and may not be re-examined in the courts, it is undoubted that where it is contended that an order whose en- forcement is resisted was rendered without any evidence whatever to sup- port it, the consideration of such a question involves not an issue of fact, but one of law which it is the duty of the courts to examine and decide." (I. C. C. vs. L. & N. R. R., 227 U. S., 88, 91, 92 and cases cited). And in this Florida case it was held further that the record does not disclose any evidence justifying the order for a reduction in rates on vegetables held reasonable by a prior order of the Commission. HARRY G. 'FARLEY One of the Most Popular Brakemen on the Illinois Central Railroad f~\ F ALL the congenial and jovial ^ railroad men who run through our thriving little city perhaps the most popular and well known is an old and respected person in the employ of the Illinois Central Railroad, none other than Harry G. Farley, an old time rail- road man. Mr. Farley has been in the service of the Illinois Central Railroad for 26 years. In that length of time he has seen all kinds of railroading, hav- ing broke and run freight, and at one time was conductor on passenger train on the Great Northern. For the last seven years he has been running through Lyle into Albert Lea, during most of that time has broke on passenger train when the I. C. first ran a combination train into Lyle. Farley was an old reliable on that train. No better railroader can be found than this old head, whom the general public has learned to rely upon as confidently as the men for whom he works. Mr. Farley is a man well in years now but bears more resemblance of a young- er man and one who has seen service in the employ of one company since the time of practically its infancy in the ter- ritory. The engineers and conductors say he is just as spry in throwing switch- es and handling his other work as the young bloods who are in the same sort of employment. Harry is not a strang- er in these parts, for he has lived at Mona continuously for a period cover- ing the last twenty-six years, neither is he a stranger in Lyle, for when he can dead home (a dead head), he is often seen in our busy little streets. Salvation By John Taintor Foote A T THE invitation of Blister Jones I had come from the city's heat to witness the morning "work-outs." For two hours horse after horse had shot by, leaving a golden dust-cloud to hang and drift and slowly settle. It was fairly cool under the big tree by the track fence, and the click of Blister's stop-watch, with his varied comments on what those clicks re- corded, drifted out of my conscious- ness much as had the dust-clouds. Even the thr-rump, thr-rump, thr-rump of flying hoofs crescendo, fortissimo, diminuendo finally became meaning- less. "Here's one bred to suit you!" rasped a nasal voice, and I sat up, half awake, to observe a tall man lead a thoroughbred onto the track and dexterously "throw" a boy into the tiny saddle. "Why?" Blister questioned. "He's by Salvation," explained the tall man. "Likely lookin' colt, ain't he? Think he favors the old hoss any?" "'Bout the head he does," Blister answered. "He won't girt as big as the old hoss did at the same age." "Well, if he's half as good as his daddy he's some hoss at that," the tall man stated, as he started up the track, watch in hand. Blister followed the colt with his eyes. "Ever hear of Salvation?" he finally asked. "Oh, yes," I replied. "Well, I brings out Salvation as a three-year-old, V what happens is quite a bunch of chatter want to hear it?" "You know it," I said, dropping into Blister's vernacular. "That's pretty good for you," he said, grinning at my slang. "Well, to begin with, I'm in Loueyville. It's in the fall, 'n' I'm just back from Sheeps- head. One way 'n' another I've had a good year. I'm down on two or three live ones when the odds are right, 'n' I've grabbed off a bundle I ain't ashamed to flash in any kind of com- pany. "My string's been shipped South, 'n' I thinks I'll knock around Kentucky fur a couple of weeks, 'n' see if I can't pick up some hosses to train. "One mawnin' I'm in the Gait House, lookin' fur a hossman that's stoppin' there, 'n' I see Peewee Simp- son settin' in the lobby like he'd just bought the hotel. 47 48 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE " 'Who left the door open ?' I says to him. " 'It's still open, I see,' says Peewee, lookin' at me. "We exchanges a few more remarks, 'n' then Peewee tells me he's come to Loueyville to buy some yearlin's fur ole man Harris. " 'There's a dispersal sale to-mor- row at the Goodloe farm,' says Pee- wee. ' 'N' I hear there's some real nice stuff going under the hammer. General Goodloe croaked this spring. They cleaned him in a cotton deal last year 'n' now there goin' to sell the whole works 1 studs, brood mares, colts everything ; plows, too you want a plow? All you need is a plow 'n' a mule to put you where you be- long.' ' 'Where's this farm at?' I says. " 'Over in Franklin County,' says Peewee. 'I'm goin' over want to go 'long?' " 'You're on,' I says. 'I'm not par- ticular who travels with me any more.' "We gets off the train next mawnin' at a little burg called Goodloe, ''n' there's three or four niggers with three or four ratty-lookin' ole rigs to drive hossmen out to the sale. It's a fierce drive, 'n' the springs is busted on our rig. I thinks we'll never get there, 'n' I begins to cuss Peewee fur bringin' me. "'What you got to kick at?' says Peewee. 'Ain't you gettin' a free ride? Cheer up think of all the nice plows you're goin' to see.' " 'You take them plows to hell 'n' make furrows in the cinders with 'em,' I says, wonderin' if I can get a train back to Loueyville anyways soon. "But when we gets to the farm I'm glad I come. Man, that was some farm ! Miles of level blue-grass pas- ture, with white fences cuttin' it up into squares, barns 'n' paddocks 'n' sheds, all painted white, just scattered around by the dozen. There's a track to work hosses on, too, but it's pretty much growed up with weeds. The main house is back in some big trees. It's brick 'n' has two porches, one on top of the other, all the way around it. "The sale is just startin' when we get there. The auctioneer is in the judge's stand at the track 'n' the hosses is showed in the stretch. "The first thing to sell is brood mares, 'n' they're as good a lot as I ever looks over. I loses Peewee in the crowd, 'n' climbs on to a shed roof to see better. "Pretty soon here comes a real ole nigger leadin' a mare that looks to be about as old as the nigger. At that she showed class. Her head's still fine, 'n' her legs ain't got so much as a pimple on 'em. " 'Number eleven in your catalogues, gentlemen !' says the auctioneer. 'Mary Goodloe by Victory, first dam Dainty Maid by what's the use of tellin' you her breedin', you all know her! Gen- tlemen,' he says, 'how many of you can say you ever owned a Kentucky Derby winner? Well, here's your chance to own one! This mare won the derby in er ' " 'Eighty-three, suh I saw her do it,' says a man with a white mus- tache. " 'Eighty-three, thank you, Colonel. You have a fine memory,' says the auc- tioneer. 'I saw her do it, too. Now, gentlemen,' he says, 'what am I offered for this grand old mare? She's the dam of six winners three of them stake hosses. Kindly start the bid- ding.' ; 'Twenty dollahs !' says the ole nig- ger who has hold of the mare. " 'Fifty !' says some one else. " 'Hole on dah,' sings out the ole nigger. Tse just 'bliged to tell you folks Fse pu'chasin' dis hyar mare fo' Miss Sally Goodloe !' "The auctioneer looks at the guy who bids fifty. " 'I withdraw that bids', says the guy " 'Sold to you for twenty dollars, Uncle Jake,' says the auctioneer. 'Bring on number twelve!' " 'Hyah's yo' twenty dollahs,' says the ole nigger, fishin' out a roll of ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 49 raggedy bills and passin' 'em up to the stand. " 'Thank you, Uncle Jake. Come to the clerk for your bill of sale this ev- enin',' says the auctioneer. "I watches the sale a while longer, 'n' then mooches into the big barn where the yearlin's 'n' two-year-olds is waitin' to be sold. They're a nice lot of colts, but I ain't interested in this young stuff' colts is too much of a gamble fur me. Only about one in fifty'll make good. Somebody ebe can spend their money on 'em at that kind of odds. "I goes out of the colt barn 'n' be- gins to ramble around, lampin' things in general. I comes to a shed full of plows, 'n' I has to laugh when I sees 'em. I'm standin' there with a grin on my face when a nigger comes 'round the shed 'n' sees me lookin 3 at them plows. " Tine plows, sah, an' vehy cheap,' he says. '"Do I look like I needs a plow?' I says to him. ' 'No, sah,' says the nigger, lookin' me over. 'I cyant rightly say you favohs plowin', but howkum you ain' tendin' de sale?' ' 'I don't see nothin' over there that suits me,' I says. "The nigger is sore in a minute. " 'You is suttanly hahd to please, white man,' he says. 'Ain' no finah colts in Kaintucky dan dem.' " 'That may be so, but how about Tennessee?' I says, just to get him goin'. ' 'Tennessee ! Tennessee ! he says. 'What you talkin' 'bout? Why, we does de fahm wuck wid likelier colts dan dey sends to de races.' ' 'I've seed some nifty babies down there,' I says. ' 'Look-a-hyar, man !' he says, 'you want to see a colt what am a colt?' "How far?' I says. ' 'No ways at all, jus' over yondah,' says the nigger. " 'Lead me to it,' I say to him, 'n' he takes me over to a long lane with paddocks down each side of it. All the paddocks is empty but two. In the first one is the ole mare, Mary Goodloe; 'n' next to her is a slashin' big chestnut colt. " 'Cast yo' eyes on dat one !' says the nigger. "I don't say nothin' fur five minutes. I just looks at that colt. I never sees one like him before, nor since. There's some dead leaves blowin' around the paddock 'n' he's jumpin' on 'em with his front feet like a setter pup playin'. Two jumps 'n' he's clear across the paddock! His shoulders 'n' quarters 'n' legs is made to order. His head 'n' throat-latch is clean as a razor, 'n' he's the proudest thing that ever stood on four legs. He looks to be comin' three, but he's muscled like a five-year- old. '"How 'bout him, boss?' says the nigger after a while. " 'Well,' I says, 'they broke the mold when they made that one !' " 'Bar's de mold,' he says, pointin' to the ole mare in the next paddock. 'She's his mammy. Dat's Mahey Goodloe, named fo' ole Miss Goodloe what's dade. Dat mare win de derby. Dis hyar colt's by impo'ted Calabash.' " 'When does this colt sell ?' I asks him. " 'He ain't fo' sale,' says the nigger. 'De estate doan own him. De Gen- eral done gib him to Miss Sally when de colt's bohn.' ' 'Where's she at now ?' I says to the nigger. I had to own that colt if my roll could reach him I knowed that 'fore I'd looked at him a minute. " 'Up to de house, mos' likely,' says the nigger. 'You'd better save yo' shoe leather, boss. She ain' gwine to sell dat colt no matter what happens.' "I beats it up to the big house, but when I gets there I see nobody's livin' in it. The windows has boards across 'em. I looks in between the cracks 'n' sees a whale of a room. Hangin' from the ceilin' is two things fur lights all covered with glass dingles. They ain't nothin' else in the room but a tall mirror, made of gold, that does clear to the ceilin'. I walks clean around 50 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE the house, but it's sure empty, so I oozes back to the barns 'n' collars the sales clerk. " 'I'm a-lookin' fur Miss Goodloe,' I tells him. 'A nigger says she's at the house, but I've been up there 'n' they ain't even furniture in it.' " 'No/ says the clerk ; 'the furniture was sold to a New York collector two weeks ago. Miss Goodloe is livin' in the head trainer's house across the road yonder. She won't have that long, I don't reckon, though I did hear she's fixin' to buy it when the farm sells, with some money ole Mrs. Good- loe left her.' "I goes over to the little house the clerk points out, 'n' knocks. A right fat nigger woman, with her sleeves rolled up, comes to the door. " 'What you want?' she says. " 'I want to see Miss Goodloe,' I says. " 'You cyant see her. She ain' seem' nobody,' says the nigger woman, 'n' starts to shut the door. " 'Wait a minute, aunty,' I says. 'I got to see ' her it's business, sure- enough business.' " 'Doan you aunty me !' says she. 'Now, you take yo' bisniss wtih you an' ramble ! Bisniss has done sole off eve'y stick an' stone we got! I doan want to hyar no mo' 'bout bisniss long as I live' 'n' bang goes the door. "I waits a minute 'n' then knocks again nothin' doin'. I knocks fur five minutes steady. Pretty soon here she comes, but this time she's got a big brass-handled poker with her. " 'Ef I has to clout you ovah de haid wid dis pokah you ain'^gwine to trans- ack no mo' bisniss fo' a tollable long time!' she says. She's mad all right, 'n' she hollers this at me pretty loud. " 'Fore I can say anythin' a dame steps out in the hall 'n' looks at me 'n' the nigger woman 'n' the poker. '"What's the matter, Liza?' she says to the nigger woman, 'n' Tier voice is good to listen at. You don't care what she says, just so she keeps a-sayin' it. She's got a white dress with black fixin's on it,' 'n' she just suits her dress, 'cause her hair is dark 'n' her face is white, 'n' she has great big eyes that put me in mind of I don't know what! She ain't very tall, but she makes me feel littler'n her when she looks at me. She's twenty- four or five, mebby, but I'm a bum guesser at a dame's age. " 'Dis pusson boun' he gwine to see you an' I boun' he ain', Miss Sally,' says the nigger woman. The little dame comes out on the porch. " 'I am Miss Goodloe,' she says to me, 'What do you wish?' " 'I want to buy a hoss from you, ma'am,' I says to her. " 'The horses are being sold across the way at that biggest barn,' she says. " 'Yes'm,' I says, 'I've just come from there. I ' " 'Have you been watching the sale?' she says, breakin' in. " 'Yes'm some,' I says. " 'Liza, you may go to your kitchen now,' she says. 'Can you tell me if they have sold the mare, Mary Good- loe, yet?' she says to me when the nig- ger woman's gone. " 'Yes'm, she was sold,' I says. She flinches like I'd hit her 'n' I see her chin begin to quiver, but she bites her lip 'n' I looks off down the road to give her a chance. Pretty soon she's back fur more. I'm feelin' like a hound. " 'Do you know who bought her,' she says. " 'A nigger man they call Uncle Jake buys her,' I says. "'Uncle Jake!' she says. 'Are you sure? Was he an old man with poor eyesight ?' " 'He was old all right,' I says. 'But I don't notice about his eyes. He give twenty dollars fur her.' " 'Is that all she brought?' she says. " 'Well, she brings more,' I says, 'only the ole man makes a speech 'n' tells 'em he's buying her fur you. Everybody quit biddin' then.' She stands there a minute, her eyes gettin' bigger 'n' bigger. I never see eyes so big 'n' soft 'n' dark. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 51 "'Would you do me a favor?' she says at last. ' 'Fifty of 'em/ I says. She gives me a little smile. " 'One's all that's necessary, thank you,' she says. 'Will you find Uncle Jake for me and tell him I wish to see him?' " 'You bet I will,' I says, V I beats it over to the barns. . I finds Uncle Jake, 'n' he's got weak eyes all right he can't hardly see. He got rheuma- tism, too he's all crippled up with it. When I gets back with him, Miss Goodloe's still standin' on the porch. " 'I want to find out who bought old Mary, Uncle Jake,' she says. 'Do you know?' " 'I was jus' fixin' to come over hyar an' tell you de good news, Miss Sally,' says Uncle Jake. 'When dey puts ole Mahey up fo' sale, she looks pow-ful ole an' feeble. De auctioneer jes 'seeches 'em fo' to make some sawt o' bid, but hit ain' no use. Dey doan' nobody want her. Hit look lak de auctioneer in a bad hole he doan' know what to do zakly. Hit's gittin' mighty 'bahassin' fo' him, so I say to him : "Mr. Auctioneer, I ain' promisin' nothin', but Miss Sally Goodloe mought be willin' to keep dis hyar ole mare fo' 'membrance sake." De auc- tioneer am mighty tickled, an' he say, "Uncle Jake, ef Miss Sally will 'soom de 'sponsibility ob dis ole mare, hit would 'blige me greatly." Dat's how- kum ole Mahey back safe in de pad- dock, an' dey ain' nobody gwine to take her away from you, honey !' " 'Uncle Jake,' says Miss Goodloe, 'where is your twenty dollars you got for that tobacco you raised?' " 'Ain' I told you 'bout dat, Miss Sally? Dat mis'able money done skip out an' leave thoo a hole in ma pocket,' says Uncle Jake, 'n' pulls one of his pants pockets inside out. Sure eonugh, there's a big hole in it. " 'Didn't I give you a safety-pin to pin that money in your inside coat pocket?' says Miss Goodloe. ' 'Yess'm, dat's right/ he says. 'But I'se countin' de money one day an' a span ob mules broke loose an' stahts lickety-brindle fo' de bahn, an' aimin' to ketch de mules, I pokes de money in de pocket wid de hole. I ain' neber see dat no-'coun' money sence.' Miss Goodloe looks at the ole nigger fur a minute. " 'Uncle Jake . . . oh, Uncle Jake . . .' she says. 'These are the things I just can't stand!' Her eyes fill up, 'n' while she bites her lip agin, it ain't no use. Two big tears roll down her cheeks. Til see you in a moment/ she says to me, 'n' goes inside. " 'Bad times ! Bad times, pow'ful bad times !' says Uncle Jake, 'n' hob- bles away a-mutterin' to hisself. "It's begun to get under my skin right. I'm feelin' queer, 'n' I get to thinkin' I'd better beat it. 'Don't be a damn fool !' I says to myself. 'You ain't had nothin' to do with the cussed business 'n' you can't help it none. If you don't buy this colt somebody else will.' So I sets on the edge of the porch 'n' waits. It ain't long till Miss Goodloe comes out again. I gets up 'n' takes off my hat. " 'What horse do you wish to buy?' she says. " 'A big chestnut colt by Calabash, dam Mary Goodloe/ I says. 'They tell me you own him.' "'Oh, I can't sell him!' she says, backin' towards the door. 'No one has ever ridden him but me.' "Is he fast?' I asks her. " 'Of course/ she says. ''Is he mannered?' I asks. ' 'Perfectly/ she says. ' 'He ain't never seen a barrier, I suppose?' I says. " 'He's broken to the barrier/ she says then. "'Who schools him?' I says. 'You tells me nobody's been on him but you " 'I schooled him at the barrier with the other two-year-olds/ she says. " 'Whee !' I says. 'You must be able to ride some.' " 'I'd be ashamed of myself if I couldn't/ she says. 52 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE " 'Are you sure you won't sell him?' I asks her. " 'Positive,' she says, 'n' I see she means it. " 'What you goin' to do with him?' 1 says. 'Don't you know it's wicked not to give that colt a chance to show what he can do?' ' 'I know it is,' she says. 'But I have no money for training expenses.' "I studies a minute, 'n' all of a sud- den it comes to me. 'You were just achin' to help this little dame a while ago,' I says to myself. 'Here's a chance be a sport!' The colt might make good, 'n' she could use a thousand or so awful easy. " 'Miss Goodloe,' I says out loud, 'I might as well tell you I'm in love with that colt.' She gives me a real sweet smile. "'Isn't he a darling?' she says, her face lightin' up. "That isn't the way I'd put it,' I says, 'but I guess we mean the same. Now, I'm a race-hoss trainer. You read these letters from people I'm workin' fur, 'n' then I'll tell you what I want to do.' I fishes out a bunch of letters from my pocket 'n' she sets down on the steps 'n' begins to read 'em solemn as owls. "'Why do they call you Blister?' she asks, lookin' up from a letter. ' 'That's a nickname,' I says. " 'Oh, she says, 'n' goes on readin'. When she gets through she hands the letters to me. 'They seem to have a lot of confidence in you, Blis Mr. Jones,' she says. '"Stick to Blister,' I says, 'n' I'll always come when I'm called.' " 'Very well, Blister,' she says. 'Now why did you wish me to read those letters?' ' 'I asks you to read them letters, because I got a hunch that colt's a winner, 'n' I want to take a chance on him,' I says. 'I got a string of hosses at New Awlins now, you let me ship that colt down there 'n' I'll get him ready. I'll charge you seventy-five a month to be paid out of his winnin's. If he don't win no charge. Is it a go?' She don't say nothin' fur quite a while. 'I sees a dozen hossmen I knows over at the sale/ I says. 'If you want recommends I can get any of 'em to come over 'n' speak to you about me.' " 'No, I feel that you are trust- worthy,' she says, 'n' goes to studyin' some more. 'What I should like to know,' she says after while, 'is this : Do trainers make a practice of taking horses at the same terms you have just offered me?' " 'Sure they do,' I lies, lookin' her in the eye. 'Any trainer'll take a chance on a promisin' colt.' "'Are you certain?' she asks me, earnest. " 'Yes'm, dead certain,' I says. She don't say nothin' fur maybe five min- utes, then she gets up 'n' looks at me steady. " 'You may take him,' she says, 'n' walks into the house. "I finds Uncle Jake 'n' eases him two bucks. It sure helps his rheuma- tism. He gets as spry as a two-year- old. He tells me there's a train at nine that evenin'. I sends him to the depot to fix it so I can take the colt to Loueyville in the express car, 'n' he says he'll get back quick as he can. I hunts up Peewee, but he's goin' to stay all night, 'cause the yearlin's won't sell until next day. . . . "The sun's gfoin' down when we starts fur the depot, Uncle Jake drivin' 'n' me settin behind, leadin' the colt. The sunlight's red, 'n' when it hits that chestnut colt he shines like copper. Say, but he was some proud peacock ! "I sends word to Miss Goodloe we're comin', 'n' she's waitin' at the gate. The colt nickers when he sees her, 'n' she comes 'n' takes the lead strap from me. Then she holds up her fin- ger at the colt. "Now, Boy-baby !' she says. 'Every- thing depends on you you're all mammy has in the world . . . will you do your best for her sake?' The colt paws 'n' arches his neck. 'See, he says he will !' she says to me. " 'What's his name?' I asks her. 53 " 'Oh, dear, he hasn't any !' she says. 'I've always called him Boy-baby.' " 'He can't race under that,' I says. ' 'Between now and the time he starts I'll think of a name for him/ she says. 'Do you really believe he can win ?' ' 'They tell me his dam wins twenty thousand the first year she raced/ I says. " 'He'd be our salvation if he did that/ she says. " 'There's a name/ I says. 'Call him Salvation !' She says it over two or three times. ' 'That's not a bad racing name, is it?' she asks me. '"No'm/ I says. 'That's a good name/ " 'Very well, Boy-baby/ she says to the colt. 'I christen thee Salvation, with this lump of sugar. That's a fine name! Always bear it bravely.' She put her arms around the colt's neck 'n' kisses him on the nose. Then she hands me the lead strap 'n' steps aside. 'Good-by, and good luck >' she says. "When we turns the bend, way down the road, she's still standin' there watchin' us ... "I sends the colt down with a swipe, 'n' he's been at the track a week when I gets to New Awlins. The boys have begun to talk about him already, he's such a grand looker. He don't give me no trouble at all. He's quiet 'n' kind 'n' trustin'. Nothin' gets him ex- cited, 'n' I begins to be afraid he'll be a sluggard. It don't take me long to see he won't do fur the sprints dis- tance is what he likes. He's got a big swingin' gallop that sure fools me at first. He never seems to be tryin' a lick. When he's had two months prep. I has my exercise-boy let him down fur a full mile. Man! he just gallops in forty flat! Then I know I've got somethin' ! "His first race I'm as nervous as a dame. I don't bet a dollar on him fur fear I'll queer it. Anyway, he ain't a good price you can't keep him under cover, he's too flashy-lookin'. "Well, he comes home alone, just playin' along, the jock lookin' back at the bunch. " 'How much has he got left?' I says to the jock after the race. "'Him!' says the jock. 'Enough to beat anybody's hoss !' "I starts him the next week, 'n' he repeats, but it ain't till his third race that I know fur sure he's a great hoss, with a racin' heart. "Sweeney has the mount, 'n' he don't get him away good the colt's layin' a bad seventh at the quarter. Banjo's out in front, away off 'n' she's a real good mare. That pin-head Sweeney don't make a move till the stretch, then he tries to come from seventh all at once . . . 'n' by God, he does it! That colt comes from no- where to the Banjo mare while they're goin' an eighth! The boy on Banjo goes to the bat, but the colt just gal- lops on by 'n' breezes in home. " 'You bum !' I says to Sweeney. 'What kind of a trip do you call that? Did you get off 'n' shoot a butsy at the stretch bend?' " 'If I has a match I would/ says Sweeney. 'I kin smoke it easy, 'n' then back in ahead of them turtles.' "I know then the colt's good enough fur the stakes, 'n' I writes Miss Good- loe to see if I can use the fourteen hundred he's won to make the first payments. She's game as a pebble, 'n' says to stake him the limit. So I en- ters him from New Awlins to Pimlico. "I've had all kinds of offers fur the colt, but I always tell 'em nothin' doin'. One day a lawyer named Jack Dillon, who owns a big stock farm near Lexington, comes to me 'n' says he wants to buy him. ' 'He ain't fur sale/ I tells him. ' 'Everything's for sale at a price/ he says. 'Now I want that colt worse than I do five thousand. What do you say?' ' 'I ain't sayin' nothin', I says. " 'How does eight thousand look to you?' he says. " 'Big/ I says. 'But you'll have to 54 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE see Miss Goodloe at Goodloe, Ken- tucky, if you want this colt.' " 'Oh, General Goodloe's daughter,' he says. 'Does she own him? When I go back next week I'll drop over and see her.' "Well, Salvation starts in the Cres- cent City Derby, 'n' when he comes under the wire Miss Goodloe's five thousand bucks better off. He wins another stake, 'n' then I ship him with the rest of my string to Nashville. The second night we're there, here comes Jack Dillon to the stall with a paper bag in his hand. " 'You didn't get the colt?' I says to him. " 'No,' he says. 'I didn't get any- thing. ... I lost something.' "What?' I says. " 'Never mind what,' he says. 'Here, put this bag of sugar where I can get at it. She told me to feed him two lumps a day.' "After that he conies every evenin' 'n' gives the colt sugar, but he's poor company. He just stands lookin' at the colt. Half the time he don't hear what I say to him. "The colt wins the Nashville Derby, 'n' then I ships him to Loueyville for the Kentucky. We want him to win that morn'n all the rest, but as luck goes, he ketches cold shippin', 'n' he can't start. "Miss Goodloe comes over to Louey- ville one mawnin' to see him. She gets through huggin' him after while, 'n' sets down in a chair by the stall door. " 'Now, start at the beginning and tell me everything," she says. "So I tells her every move the colt makes since I has him. ' 'How did he happen to catch cold?' she asks. " 'Constitution undermined,' I says. "'Oh! How dreadful!' she says. 'What caused it?' " 'Sugar,' I says, never crackin' a smile. " 'She flushes up, 'n' I see she knows what I mean, but she don't ask no more questions. Before she leaves, Miss Goodloe tells me she'll come to Cincinnati if the colt's well enough to start in the Latonia Derby. "I ships to Cincinnati. About noon derby day I'm watchin' the swipes workin' on the colt. He's favorite fur the Latonia 'n' there's mebby a hun- dred boobs in front of the stall rub- berin' at him. " 'Please let dis lady pass,' I hears some one say, 'n' here comes Liza helpin' Miss Goodloe through the crowd. When Liza sees me I ducks 'n' holds up my arm like I'm dodgin' something'. She grins till her mouth looks like a tombstone factory. " 'I clean fohgot to bring dat pokah wid me,' she says. 'Hyar you is, Miss Sally.' "I don't hardly know Miss Good- loe. There's nothin' like a race day to get a dame goin'. Her eyes are shinin' 'n' her cheeks are pink, 'n' she don't look more'n sixteen. " 'Why, Boy-baby,' she says to the colt, "you've grown to be such a won- derful person I can't believe it's you !' The colt knows its race day 'n' he don't pay much attention to her. 'Oh, Boy-baby!' says Miss Goodloe, 'I'm afraid you've had your head turned . . . you don't even notice your own mammy !' "'His head ain't turned, it's full of race,' I says to her. He'll come down to earth after he gets that mile-'n'-a- quarter under his belt.' "When the bugle blows, Miss Good- loe asks me to stay in her box with her while the derby's run. There's twenty thousand people there 'n' I guess the whole bunch has bet on the colt, from the way it sounds when the hosses parade past. You can't hear nothin' but 'Salva-a-tion! Oh, you Salva-a- tion !" "They get a nice break all in a line, but when they come by the stand the first time, the colt's layin' at the rail a len'th in front, fightin' fur his head. " 'Salva-a-tion !' goes up from the stands in one big yell. " 'There he goes!' hollers some ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 55 swipe across the track, 'n' then every- thing is quiet. "Miss Goodloe's got her fingers stuck into my arm till it hurts. But that don't bother me. " 'Isn't it wonderful ?' she says, but the pink's gone out of her cheeks. She's real pale . . . "They never get near the colt. . . . He comes home alone with that big easy, swingin' gallop of his, 'n' goes under the wire still fightin' fur his head. "Then that crowd goes plumb crazy ! Men throws their hats away, 'n' dances aroud, yellin' till they can't whisper! Miss Goodloe is shak- in' so I has to hold her up. " 'Isn't he grand? How would you like to own him?' a woman in the next box says to her. " 'I'd love it/ says Miss Goodloe, 'n' busts out cryin'. 'You'll think I'm an awful baby!' she says to me. " 'I don't mind them kind of tears/ I says. ' 'Neither do I/ she says, laughin', 'n' dabbing' at her face with a dinky little handkerchiff. "I wait till they lead the colt out in front of the stand, 'n' put the floral horseshoe round his neck, then I takes Miss Goodloe down to shake hands with the jock. " 'How do you like him ?' she says to the jock. " 'Well, ma'am/ he says, 'I've rid- den all the good ones, but he's the best hoss I ever has under me!' '"What's the record fur this race?' I yells across the track to the timer. He points down at the time hung up. "That's it!' he hollers back. "'Didn't he do it easy?' says the jock to me. "There's no use to tell you what Salvation done to them Eastern hosses ; everybody knows about that. It got so the ginnies would line up in a bunch, every time he starts, 'n' hol- ler: 'They're off there he goes!' They does it regular, 'n' pretty soon the crowds get next 'n' then every- body does it. He begins to stale off at Pimlico, so I ships him to Miss Goodloe, 'n' writes her to turn him out fur three or four months. "It ain't a year from the time we leaves Miss Goodloe standin' in the road till then. Salvation wins his eveery start. He's copped off forty thousand bucks. I guess that's goin' some! "When the season closes I goes through Kentucky on my way South, 'n' I takes a jump over from Louey- ville to see the colt. Miss Goodloe's bought a hundred acres around her little house, 'n' th' colt's turned out in a nice bluegrass field. We're standin' watchin' him, when she puts some- thin' in my pocket. I fishes it out 'n' it's a check fur five thousand bucks. " 'I've been paid what's comin' to me/ I says. 'Nothin' like this goes/ " 'Oh, yes, it does !' she says. 'I have investigated since you told me that story. Trainers do not pay ex- penses on other people's horses. Now put that back in your pocket or I will be mortally offended.' " 'I don't need it/ I says. " 'Neither do I/ she says. 'I haven't told you guess what I've been offered for Salvation?' " 'I give it up/ I says. " 'Fifty thousand dollars/ she says. 'What do you think of that?' " 'Are you goin' to sell ?' I asks her. " 'Certainly not/ she says. " 'He'll earn twice that in the stud/ I says. 'Who makes you the offer Mr. Dillon?' " 'No, a New York man/ she says. 'I guess Mr. Dillon has lost interest in him.' " 'I guess he hasn't/ I says. 'I seen him at Pimlico, 'n' he was worse 'n ever/ '"Did did he still feed him sugar?' she says, but she don't look at me while she's gettin' it out. ' 'You bet he did/ I says. '"Shall you see him again?' she asks me. " 'Yes'm, I'll see him at New Aw- lins/ I says. " 'You may tell him/ she says, her 56 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE face gettin' pink, 'that as far as my horse is concerned I haven't changed my mind.' On the way back to the house I gets to thinkin'. " 'I'm goin' round to the kitchen 'n' say hello to Aunt Liza/ I says to Miss Goodloe. "Liza's glad to see me this time mighty glad. " 'Hyah's a nice hot fried cake fo' you, honey,' she says. " 'This ain't no fried cake,' I says. 'This is a doughnut.' " 'You ain' tryin' to tell me what a fried cake is, is you?' she says. " 'Aunt Liza,' I says to her while I'm eatin' the doughnut, 'I sees Mr. Jack Dillon after he's been here, 'n' he acts like he'd had a bad time. Did you take a poker to him, too?' " 'No, sah,' she says. 'Miss Sally tended to his case.' " 'It's too bad she don't like him,' I says. "'Who says she doan' like him?' says Liza. 'He come a sto'min' round hyah like he gwine to pull de whole place up by de roots an' transpo't hit ovah Lexington way. Fust he's boun' fo' to take dat hoss what's done win all dem good dollahs. Den his min' flit f'om dat to Miss Sally, an' he's aimin' to cyar her off like she was a Copyrighted, The 'lasses bar'l or a yahd ob calico. Who is dem Dillons, anyway? De Good- Iocs owned big Ian' right hyar in Franklin County when de Dillons ain' nothin' but Yankee trash back in Maine or some other outlan'ish place! Co'se we sends him 'bout his bisniss him an' his money ! Ef he comes roun' hyar, now we's rich again, an' sings small fo' a while, Miss Sally mighty likely to listen to what he got to say she so kindly dat a-way.' "At the depot in Goodloe that night I writes a wire to Jack Dillon. 'If you still want Salvation better come to Goodloe,' is what the wire says. I signs it 'n' sends it 'n' takes the train fur New Awlins. "The colt ruptures a tendon not long after that, so he never races no more, 'n' I ain't never been to Good- loe since." Blister yawned, lay back on the grass and pulled his hat over his face. "Is Salvation alive now?" I asked. "Sure he's alive!" The words come muffled from beneath the hat. "He's at the head of Judge Dillon's stock farm over near Lexington." "I'm surprised Miss Goodhoe sold him," I said. "She don't .... sell him," Blister muttered drowsily. "Mrs. Dillon . . . . still .... owns him." Bobbs-Merrill Co. Office Don'ts By R. L. White DON'T throw the pins away when you clear up your desk. Chances are they still have the sharp point and can be used again. DON'T throw the letterhead and blind copies in the waste basket because you made error in date or salutation. Tear the good bottom portion off as it makes admirable paper to "figger" on. DON'T sharpen the next pencil as you would whittle a stick. There is a difference between the two you will ad- mit. Watch the man who makes the pretty point on the pencil. DON'T use a large envelope for mail- ing the next mian's mail to him when small or medium sized envelope would suffice. A suit of clothes costs more than a pair of trousers the same as there is a difference in cost of these envelopes. DON'T never use more than one en- velope for one time of mailing to one party. It takes you just as long to ad- dress the extra envelope or envelopes as it would to get all mail together, and think of the Mail Clerk who directs let- ters to trains, the Train Baggageman ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 57 who handles. The Mail Clerk who di- jrects to offices and the man who opens two or more envelopes when one would ;have done. DON'T throw the rubber bands away or on the floor. They cost one railroad ; system in the country fifty thousand dollars per year. If you doubt the high cost of rubber bands ask your stationer, or better still buy one box. DON'T throw the pencil away be- cause it is half used up. A pencil lengthener can be used and permits usage to the last inch. DON'T throw the carbon paper away until it has "served full time" and above all don't leave carbon paper on top of your typewriter to be blown to the floor by the passersby or the janitor's broom. DON'T use the printed letterheads, or printed forms for scratch paper. Scratch paper is far cheaper and it re- quires a printer to feed the printing press the paper which turns out your printed letterheads which is not neces- sary with the scratch paper. DON'T throw away the top sheet of the writing paper pad. Oftentimes it is not the least bit soiled and will suf- fice as well as that underneath. Would you pay ten cents car fare when a transfer would carry you equally as far and as safely as the second five cent fare? DON'T have clean desk blotter placed on your desk pad until you have used both sides. Does your turn-down collar get soiled as quickly on the in- side as on the outside? DON'T fail to count your needs be- fore printing mimeograph circular let- ters. It is wasted energy to print too many, and still further waste to print more copies than you really need. DON'T throw away your old file records without recovering the file back as it can oftentimes be used again. DON'T fail to turn off the electric fan when you leave at night. The mo- tor therein wears out the same as you do. They need vacations as well as any of us. DON'T fail to turn out the lights where proper to do so before going home at night or morning. Ask your folks if the electric light bills are not steep. THE REFUGE COTTON OIL CO. CLEANINGS from t/ie CIAIMS DEPARTMENT fragments of a Stojy Seldom 6>ver Told r T DEGINNING with this issue, the ^ Claims Department has been al- lotted regular space in the magazine. It shall be our purpose to chronicle some of the more interesting things happening on the railroad in connec- tion with the handling of its personal injury, stock, fire and miscellaneous claims, unlitigated as well as litigated, and we shall endeavor to record these matters fairly and impartially, with the view of placing the information before our employes and the public in a re- liable manner, to the end that they may make their own deductions. It is well-known that the courts of the country are filled to overflowing with litigation based upon injury to persons. The grind goes on from day to day in every city, county and state, and very little is known about it out- side the confines of the courts, except where an unusually large verdict against a corporation is rendered and that invariably finds its way into the newspapers. Cases where litigants are unsuccessful are not exploited. The situation might well be likened to that of a lottery. The person who draws the capital prize is heralded through- out the land, but the great majority who draw blanks are never heard of. There are so many of the latter class that the public could not begin to keep up with them and, consequently, the average person has an acquaintance only with those who draw the capital prizes. So it is with personal injury law suits, and this has influenced many having claims against corporations to take a chance in the lottery of litiga- tion. We expect to devote a little space each month to telling something about those who do not win a story that is seldom told as well as the other side. If any mistakes or inac- curacies creep into the columns al- lotted to the Claims Department, we trust that our attention is promptly called to it and that we are set right, because the errors will be of the head and not of the heart. Our aim shall 58 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 59 be to record only the plain, unvarnish- ed truth. The press in the cities located along the lines of this system, notably Oma- ha, Chicago, St. Louis, Louisville, Memphis, Minneapolis, Jackson (Miss.), New Orleans and other places, has recently had much to say concern- ing the sharp practices of those who live through luring unfortunates away from their employers and thrusting them, in most instances against their will, into the maelstrom of litigation. It has been shown that some of the tricksters responsible for the system have become drunk with ill-gotten gains, while their victims, shorn of former friends and the strong protect- ing arm of erstwhile employers, have been cast adrift and left to fight the battles of life unequipped and unas- sisted. Unfortunate cripples whose clouded minds cleared up after the mists of lit- igation passed away and they were able to stop and view, in retrospection, what had taken place; taxpayers, who bear the brunt of the cost of unjust and unnecessary litigation, and court officials, through long and weary hours of toil, wondered what it was all about and, finally, the truth that a handful of crooked lawyers were the principal beneficiaries, slowly dawned upon them, but not until the mighty press had exploited the system to a mild degree, touching but around the edges of one of the most unspeakable scandals that has ever disgraced civi- lization, and promising, perhaps, a real house-cleaning later on, after the pub- lic has properly digested the small dose already administered. Here, we stop to ponder why this awakening has been so long delayed. Since time when the mind of man runneth not to the con- trary, the public has been accustomed to read stories of petty larceny and the records of convictions and acquit- tals of wrong-doers of small calibre, ground out daily by the courts, the ac- tivities of the authorities in their ef- forts to clean out and improve condi- tions in the underworld, the ambitions and designs of politicians of every hue, those working in the interest of the up- lift of humanity, as well as the graft- ers, whose highest tide of thought is based upon desire to fill their coffers with the coin of the realm at any cost. Finally, there cames the exposure of the "quack" doctors, which contained the first gleam of hope that the meth- ods of the crooked lawyers, who work in the shadows and abhor the light of day, would have the withering shafts of publicity cast in their direction, in the interests of the public weal. The deplorable destruction which they have wrought is so stupendous that words are inadequate to express it. They represent a system which for years has been tearing the weak, droop- ing and unfortunate employe away from his real friends and supporters and, in many instances, leaving him at last, hat in hand, upon the street corner to beg. With a small begin- ning, the system grew steadily to monstrous size, piling up unnecessary costs, while the unsuspecting taxpay- er uncomplainingly footed the bills. The crooked lawyers are the originat- ors and constructors of the system by which business men, farmers, me- chanics and doctors are almost daily called away from their respective vo- cations to perform jury service and provide a way for the "ambulance- chaser" to collect his dividends, grow- ing out of his partnerships with un- fortunates, who, if left free to con- sult with real friends and depend- able advisers would, in the end. be infinitely better off. Perhaps some felt that, as a result of the system, the rail- ways and other corporations were the chief sufferers and needed not the balm of sympathy or assistance, but that was erroneous and untrue. The real sufferers are the unfortunates who have been made to fight for something which they might have secured through friendly and direct compromise, and frequently other and more valuable considerations, and the public, in the last analysis, has been the "goat." Where parties actually and honestly 60 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE disagree as to their rights, resort to the courts is eminently proper and no objections from any standpoint can be urged, nor is any criticism of reputable lawyers intended to be conveyed. It is the trickster, the man who stirs up litigation where none is needed or wanted, and, having sustained no in- jury himself, seeks to become a partner in the claims of cripples and thus im- poses upon them, and the people, and the taxpayers, and trifles with the courts, who is destined, unless he mends his way, to become a marked man. The handwriting is on the wall. He must go, because the public is be- coming aroused and his house is al- ready tottering. THE RIGHT OF WAY. A GREAT passenger steamer, the Empress of Ireland, was run down in a fog, in sight of land on the St. Lawrence River, by a heavy steel collier. A thousand lives were lost. Not a hair on a human head would have been sacrificed if the ponderous collier had anchored during the fog, but the captain of the collier claims that he had "the right of way." A busy man, hastening along the street in Chicago a year ago, inad- vertedly jostled an Italian. The lat- ter drew a stiletto, plunged it into the heart of .the business man and left him dying on .the sidewalk. When ar- raigned at the bar his defence was that he had "the right of way." A young girl was arrested in a New England town a month ago. She was found amid disreputable surround- ings. She had a good home, an indul- gent father and a loving mother, but she hungered for the glare of the white lights. Refusing to go home with her parents she was brought into court. She defied all restraint, declaring she was of age and therefore had "the right of way." Demagogues in legislative halls are trampling on vested rights, breaking down great industrial corporations simply because they are great and smashing the railways that have con- tributed the largest part to our na- tional prosperity. When chambers of commerce, banking associations, man- ufacturers and representative citizens protest, the reply of the legislative demagogue is "I have the right of way." Leslie's Weekly. A few months ago, Y. & M. V. train Extra 57 South left Gwin, Mississippi, at 8 :20 P. M., with twenty-five cars, ca- boose and 1,629 tons of freight. The train was manned with the usual crew. When it had run about 2,000 feet on straight track and about the same dis- tance on a curve to the left, the engine struck a cow on a gravel-decked bridge. The engine left the track and turned over off the trestle. The head brakeman, J. E. Gray, was on the left side of the engine and was fatally crushed beneath its ponderous weight. A large amount of freight was destroyed, but that could be replaced ; the engine and a number of cars and track were badly damaged, but they were repaired ; the engineer and fireman were hurt, but their injuries responded to treatment and they recovered. The life of the un- fortunate brakeman is gone forever, and down at McComb City, Miss., the widow and orphan child are silently bearing their cross of affliction. And attorneys were employed by the owner of the cow, who propounded a claim for damages based upon the theory that the cow had "the right of way." There is a long list of widows and orphans residing in the states of Mis- sissippi and Louisiana today, made so because of the fact that the people of those states have not yet become suf- ficiently aroused to stop and consider the injustice of the claim that the cow on the railroad track has "the right of way." COURT AT CLARKSDALE, MISS. The result of the June term of court at Clarksdale, Coahoma County, would not indicate that that county is the Mecca for personal damage claims it is popularly supposed to be. There were 20 damage suits against the Y. & M. V. on the calendar when court op- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 61 ened. It remained in session three weeks and three days, during which time, but four of these were tried and only a like number of other cases disposed of. The first case was that of Daisy L. Hou- seal, Admx., for the death of her hus- band, J. F. Houseal, an engineer, who while waiting to go out on his run on the night of January 21st, 1911, was run over by some cars being switched in the yards at Memphis. Settlement could not be agreed upon and suit was brought on April 28th, 1911, in the Fed- eral Court at Memphis for $25,000.00, and later tried, resulting in a "hung" jury and the plaintiff then filed a new suit at Friars Point, Coahoma County, for $50,000.00 but subsequently dis- missed both these suits and brought another at Clarksdale. The trial lasted three days and at the conclusion, the jury returned a verdict for the rail- way. The second suit tried against the railway was that of the Goldfield Planting Company for $7,045.00, based on the destruction by fire April 1st, 1912, of a gin and seed house, ma- chinery, etc., alleged to have been set out by sparks from a locomotive. It developed upon the trial, which lasted two days, that the fire was set out by boys playing in the gin and the jury returned a verdict for the defendant. The third case was that of Mrs. E. Weissinger, who claimed she was a passenger from Tutwiler to Dublin, and that the defendant, through its agents in charge of the train "wilfully, recklessly and without regard for the rights of the plaintiff, failed and re- fused to announce the arrival of its passenger train at said station of Dub- lin," by reason of which fact she was carried beyond her destination for which she demanded the sum of $3,- 000.00. As several passengers who were on the train testified that they distinctly remembered that the station was called, the jury evidently conclud- ed that the good lady was mistaken and promptly returned a verdict of "not guilty." A CLAIM AGENT'S LULLABY. When the day is done and the shad- ows of night draw nigh and we perch ourselves astride the old hollow and canny stool at the lunch counter, how often have we cast our eyes about in search of some inviting morsel only to be rebuked by the unwelcome visita- tion of that omnipresent insect, the lithe and limber cockroach. How of- ten have we wished 'that the lunch counter girl were as agile and supple as this scavenger of our food, and when we have had but a moment to eat and catch the next train how we have en- vied the vivacious cockroach, who waited on himself, made no complaint, and did not pay a cent. Then, in the course of time, and after due delibera- tion, the gum-chewing lunch counter girl edges up our way, hands us a ham sandwich, a morsel of cheese, and a cup of coffee. We disengage our limbs f rom about the stool, untangle our ap- petite, lift the ham sandwich from the plate only to observe that the cock- roach has been disturbed from his evening repast. Our heart is made- sad and we sigh with some regret as we gently break off a small portion and lav it down beside our guest ; meanwhile through our mind flashes this sweet little song: Come near me, gentle cockroach, Come near sweet bird of prey; . Cast loose your ears and list awhile To what I have to say. You have sipped away at my coffee. Yon have tasted of my tea. You seem to feel yourself at home Right here by the side of me. You may gnaw away at my biscuit, And vou may share my bread if you please, Rut for the love of Mike, Sweet Alice, Let go of my hunk of cheese. A VERY SIMPLE CONUNDRUM. Otto Krause, an ice peddler, of Bloomington, Illinois, drove his wagon on the wrong side of Clay Street, where 62 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE it intersects with the Illinois Central, in violation of the city ordinance, and was struck by cut of cars, and claimed to have sustained a couple of fractured ribs and some bruises about the head and body. The accident occurred at 7:30 A. M., November 2, 1912. Some time later a suit was commenced, and while pending, Krause filed an amended complaint, charging impo- tency in addition to other injuries. The case was tried twice, the last time in December, 1913, and Krause testified strongly as to the impotency feature. About four months after the trial, while the case was pending in the Ap- pellate Court, a verdict having been rendered against the railroad by the jury, Mrs. Krause gave birth to a child. Although she is a plain, honest wom- an, the mother of eight children, a con- sistent member of the German Lutheran Church and like Caesar's wife, bore the reputation of being above reproach, Krause was mean enough to say that he was not the father of the child. We propose him as in every way qualified for membership in the Ananias Club, where we think he would enjoy much distinction. "ROBERT KNOX," A MYTH. The story of the Hebrew gentleman who, upon seeing a man lying on the ground by the side of a damaged street car and a crowd standing about, in- quired what was the trouble, and when informed the man had been hurt in an accident, asked that those present stand aside and let him lie down by the man, may not be wholly a myth. At any rate, something of the sort usually occurs when there is a serious accident. The unfortunate collision at Montz, La., on November 11, 1912, dis- closed several individuals who, while not on the train, claimed to have been, and presented claims for injuries, the most notable case having been that of Henry Knox, colored, who claimed that his minor son, Robert Knox, was a passenger on the excur- sion train and that his body was to- tally destroyed. Henry swore to this effect and apparently gave a very clear and full life history. He stated he was .married to Clara Lee, gave the year, date, house at which the marriage was performed, name of the minister, and of several witnesses, and that Robert was a son of this marriage. An investiga- tion developed that Henry never mar- ried Clara Lee but married another woman and that none of his relatives or acquaintances had at any time, even up to the date of the accident, ever heard" of his son, "Robert Knox." When this was developed at the trial, which took place at New Orleans in June, the court promptly dismissed the suit. One of the plaintiff's witnesses is now in jail and others who were in- terested in working up and prosecut- ing the suit, it is said, are likely to find themselves in serious trouble on the criminal side of the court docket. THE MISSISSIPPI PRESS The Mississippi press has discovered that the "Mississippi habit" of suing railroads is proving detrimental to the best interests of the State. Note the following expressions from two of Mis- sissippi's leading newspapers: A Mississippi Habit. There is no necessity explaining anything about damage suits against railroads here in Mississippi. Some one has jokingly remarked that if a loco- motive whistle scares a man, living half a mile away from the track, a jury of his fellows will award him a verdict of $883.23 for mental anguish, not to say anything of loss of sleep." Nat- chez News. The man who perpetrated that joke was not so far off. Mississippi has the unenviable distinction of being a "rail- road-suing State." Many of these suits having been brought on the most frivo- lous grounds, until it has become a saying that when a Mississippian gets out of ready cash all he has to do is to file a suit against a railroad. Railroad companies are no more per- fect than are other organizations or in- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE dividuals, and it is often the case that recklessness and carelessness on their part results in damage to person or property. Under these circumstances they should be made to pay for the damage they have done, but the habit of suing them on every pretext imagin- able is one that has done the State great harm, and juries instead of re- turning verdicts so freely, should weigh well the testimony and assess damages only as they would against an individ- ual or any other organization. Jack- son Clarion-Ledger, July 3, 1914. NOTES OF INTEREST. While Signal Maintainer S. Speck and his assistant, James Finch, were on the way from Lenzberg south on June 26th they discovered the right of way on fire about three miles north of Marissa and promptly extinguished it, thereby preventing what in all like- lihood would have been great loss in the adjoining wheat fields. Agent W. T. Elrod, of Marissa, observing a fire south of his station about 8 o'clock the same evening promptly got out his speeder and went to the scene and arrested its progress, thereby prevent- ing similar loss in that vicinity. These acts are in marked contrast to the lack of interest displayed by a local freight crew on _the Murphysboro district re- cently, who, seeing a fire of great pro- portions destroying shock after shock of wheat in a field near Grand Tower, and seeing a section crew over- whelmed, leisurely proceeded by the scene upon the theory that "it was none" of their business. During a recent trial of a case against the Company before Judge Heard in Chicago, the plaintiff being a foreign born resident, made the state- ment before the trial that he was in- jured by being thrown from the train by "hoboes." At the trial he claimed he was thrown from the train by brakemen. He was asked if he did not say when he was injured that he was thrown from the train by "hoboes," to which the ingenius subject of the King of Bavaria replied: "Yes, but I thought all brakemen were hoboes." Right here is where this learned gen- tlemen broke his molasses jug and all his conceptions of the glittering gold were blasted. Former Claim Agent Shell R. Smith, now holding a responsible position with the Rockford & Interurban Rail- way Company, of Rockford, Illinois, who will be well and favorably remem- bered by employes and the public, in the South, where he was located for many years, writes from Rockford as follows : "Have just received the June issue of the Illinois Central Magazine and it would be impossible for me to tell you how much I have enjoyed it. I have read it through from cover to cover and saw the names of many of my old friends. And poor old "Bo" Galvani is gone. Too bad. I do not suppose any fellow had more friends than "Bo"; rough, outspoken and un- polished, yet kind-hearted and true a veritable diamond in the rough. And dear old Dunk Waller, the conductor on the "Bumble Bee" is dead. I have had a world of fun out of Dunk. We were always great pals. There was one item of news that did my soul more good than any other. It was on page 92 and was to the effect that Joe Rogers had gotten well enough to go back to work. Joe, you will remember, was badly injured in the L. R. & N. collision at Baton Rouge." The Erie Railroad has sued a man seeking to recover $100.00 for damages to the cowcatcher of one of its engines, and also for littering up its roadbed with pieces of the careless driver's wa- gon. Commenting upon this, Editor Wheeler, of the Quincy Journal, who expects to be a member of the next Congress of the United States, says : "It is going to be unsafe in future for reckless pedestrians, drivers or auto- mobilists to collide with passing rail- way trains. We don't mean unsafe from a physical standpoint few will question that it already is. We mean ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE that it is going to be unsafe from a financial standpoint to muss up the railroad company's property, and any person who tries to stop a train by getting in front of it will subject him- self, or the heirs to his remains, to the possibility of a damage suit. At any rate, it behooves the general pub- lic to 'stop, look and listen,' as the signs say, before venturing to cross any railroad track in future." The following appeal of General Manager Foley to the Farmers of Mis- sissippi relative to livestock trespassing upon railroad wayland is timely and to the point. Surely when the hazard to limb, life and property is thought out and understood, the spirit of fairness, which is a large per cent of the make- up of all Mississippians, will assert it- self and hearty co-operation will be forthcoming. A DANGEROUS PRACTICE. Railroad Company Appeals to Missis- sippi Farmers In the Interest of Its Patrons and Employes. The killing of live stock, while tres- passing upon the waylands of Amer- ican railroads, has for years been grad- ually increasing, and more lately to an alarming extent, resulting in an unnec- essary waste and another contribution to the high cost of living. In Missis- sippi, the situation is especially bad, as evidenced by the fact that, on the way- lands of the Illinois Central and Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroads alone, more than six thousand head of stock, or 74 per cent of the total for the sys- tem, are annually killed, this while but 28 per cent of our total mileage is oper- ated in your State. Claims paid on this account have increased to a point where the resulting expense now amounts to a tremendous annual drain upon our gross revenues and, as with the fake damage suit industr yand other evils from which we have suffered, it is one of those charges which, in the last an- alysis, affects materially the pocket books of the people themselves. James I. Watts, boilermaker in the Water Valley Shops, was injured on June 1, 1914. When he reported for work, the Claim Agent allowed him $50.00, which was accepted. Later, it was found that he had signed a con- tract with attorneys, who had taken an assignment of one-half interest in his claim. Watts got $25.00 and the lawyers got a like sum. The old, old story. We have gone to considerable ex- pense, in the way of fencing, construct- ing cattle guards, etc., in an endeavor to overcome the present situation, but despite every effort it has grown en- tirely beyond our direction and con- trol. It is one of those troubles requir- ing the attention of our farmer neigh- bors to correct, and in the interest of our patrons and employes, whose safe- ty is menaced by this grave danger, we appeal for your co-operation and sup- port. It is a well known fact that trains are frequently derailed by striking an otherwise harmless cow, and condi- tions are now so bad that trainmen in Mississippi your own home people largely must perform their duties un- der a great strain. We appeal to you, therefore, to dis- continue permitting your cattle to roam at large and to see to it that private gates, opening on our waylands, are kept closed. There already is a law forbidding this practice, but we are loathe to invoke it, preferring to ac- quaint the good people of Mississippi with the extreme urgency of the mat- ter, feeling that your usual fairness and regard for the rights and the welfare of others will prompt the immediate adop- tion of necessary corrective measures. In common with other railroads we have for some time been waging an ac- tive campaign in the interest of "Safety First," and good results have so far at- tended our efforts. The matter of stock trespass, however, is almost entirely within your control. Won't you please, therefore, unite in assisting us to better a very bad condi- tion? T. J. Foley, Gen. Mgr. ovr to It is not trie Science or curing Disease so much as me prevention of it triat produces trie greatest ^pod to Humanity; One of trie most important duties of a Healtn Department should be tne educational service A A A A A teacnlng people now to live A A A A A THE IMPORTANCE OF FOOD VALUES. '""p HERE is a great deal of ignorance * among the laity and even some members of the medical profession re- garding the nutritional value of foods. Take for example prepared breakfast foods. They represent no nutritional value whatever unless served with cream. The cheaper cereals if well cooked are as good as the ready-to-eat cereals. . Cereals, and especially oat- meal, require thorough cooking in order to bring out all their nutritional ele- ments and are thus more easy of di- gestion. The fireless cooker is a valu- able aid in preparing the cereal break- fast, especially where there are chil- dren in the family. The oatmeal or other cereal can be brought to the boil- ing point in the evening and allowed to simmer all night in the fireless cooker. While most mothers realize the value of milk for babies, yet few realize the great value milk has for older chil- dren. In order to get a good grasp on a few relative values of foods, the following table of comparisons should be studied as given by the Medical Summary of Philadelphia: One glass of milk equals any of the following: One-half pound of potatoes ; One pound of cabbage ; One and one-half pounds of celery; Two and one-half ounces of beef; One and one-half ounces of maca- roni; One ounce of dates ; or, One large egg. Some people thrive on milk, others cannot tolerate it. While it is prob- ably the ideal food for infants and old- er people, yet it is not an ideal adult food, and other food equal in nutritive value can be substituted for it. If you eat two eggs you have the equivalent of two glasses of milk. If you are able to drink two glasses of milk, you have the equivalent of five ounces of beef or one pound of potatoes, or three ounces of macaroni. Dried beans contain more than three times the nutritive value of beef. They contain more of the protein than the flesh foods and in addition to a small amount of fat, they contain from 40 to 50 per cent of starch. They are also rich in salts and cellulose. There- fore they are extremely rich foods and they are adapted to take the place of all flesh foods in the nourishment of the body. Why then should Railroad men pay exorbitant prices for meat when beans can be bought at such a very cheap price and are such a valu- able article of diet? Stop buying meat and buy beans. You will live longer and can do just as much work and have abundance of strength for your work, besides having much more money to lay away at the end of the month. Or, what is better, many em- ployes can raise their own beans in their garden and with a little industry will have to buy neither beans nor meat. This is the highest economy and should be practiced by all people who complain of the high cost of liv- ing. Do not run to the meat shop and buy meat every day. Raise beans from your own garden or buy beans by the 66 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE bushel and you will have enough (meat proteid) for six months and this will cost you about two dollars. Your meat bill in that time would be Thirty Dollars or more according to the size of your family. Perhaps few people realize the nu- trition contained in fish. There is something about the salted products, cured and packed in tins, which ren- ders them easily digested and appropri- ate for people who cannot stand a heavy diet. Few articles of diet are so rich in nutritive value as the oily salmon caught fresh and canned im- mediately. Sea foods, such as oysters and clams, put up in sanitary cans in their own liquor are delicious and pal- atable and compare very favorably with milk, eggs and beef-steak, in fur- nishing nutrition. Sardines packed in olive oil are a choice article of diet. One cannot say too much to the Housekeeper in the way of warning her to take proper care of tinned foods the moment they are opened. Incred- ible as it seems, many house-wives leave tinned foods standing in the tins after they are opened. Now, as long as they are hermetically sealed (that is, as long as the air is absolutely ex- cluded) no possible harm can happen. But as soon as the air strikes them they are extremely liable to develop germs. The house-wife should im- mediately scrape out all the contents of the can, place it in a china dish, cover it tightly, and then put it on ice. If she does this, there will be no cases of ptomaine poisoning. Much hum- bug is prevalent regarding this fash- ionable disease. It is quite a fad for hundreds of people to declare (quite independent of any physician) that they have ptomaine poisoning, when they merely are suffering from indi- gestion. As a matter of fact all products put up in cans must, by the very nature of the process, be thoroughly sterilized, and have all bacteria killed, because the only way to preserve tinned foods is to subject them to a terrific heat, or steam pressure. Therefore, generally speaking, tinned meats are safer than fresh meats. In England, away back in 1822, a firm began packing canned meat. Samples were kept which were prepared for the use of the English armies in the Crimean war, and after thirty years these were found to be in perfect condition. Dr. Letherby, a noted scientist, tells us of a number of tins of mutton which were cast ashore from a wreck in 1824 and are found to be perfectly sound. The great scien- tist, Prof. Tyndall, found at the Royal Institute in London canned meats which were in perfect condition after sixty-three years. There is no reason to be surprised at this when one fully understands the process of steriliza- tion which any first-class canning fac- tory necessitates. Few things are sub- ject to more disease and dirt than is fresh meat. Yet in spite of all the dangers that lurk in the carcasses of animals lying indiscriminately in all manner of dirty butcher shops, most house-wives prefer them to the tinned article, looking upon the latter with an almost ignorant superstition. We cannot be too careful of our foods, especially during the hot sum- mer months, as the danger is then greatly increased. THE LETTERS OF APPRECIATION OF SERVICE RENDERED BY THE HOSPITAL DEPARTMENT ARE NOT ONLY APPRECI- ATED BY THE CHIEF SURGEON BUT BY THE ENTIRE MANAGEMENT AS WELL. Vicksburg, Miss., June 26, 1914. Dr. G. G. Dowdall, Chief Surgeon, I. C. R. R., Chicago, 111. Dear Doctor : I am writing to express my deepest gratitude to the Hos- pital Department for the operation on my eye, the care in nursing and treat- 67 ing me after the operation and for the very excellent results from the operation. I had been pactically blind from cataract for several months, waiting for the eye to become ready for operation, and that fact makes me the more appreciative of the sight I have since the cataract was removed. I can now see to go anywhere I wish, recognize my friends on the street, read the papers. I am especially grateful to the Chief Oculist for the good results of the operation so skillfully performed, and to the nurses and hospital attendants who were so good and kind to me while I was in their care. With best wishes, I am, Very truly, John R. Smith. Per B. Dyersburg, Tennessee, June 26, 1914. Dr. G. D. Dowdall, Chief Surgeon Illinois Central, Hospital Department, Chicago, Illinois. Dear Dr. Dowdall: It is to attempt to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation of the Illinois Central Railroad Hospital service that this letter is written. Early in April, it became necessary for me to have an operation for ap- pendicitis and on April 16, I went to the Paducah Hospital. During the interval which elapsed before the operation, every courtesy that could be extended a person was shown me. The operation, which was performed by the Hospital Department Sur- geon, was perfect in every detail. During my attendant illness and my convalescence, everything that could be done was done by those faithful nurses. The idea of a hospital usually strikes terror to a person's heart, but could every one know the loyalty and faithfulness of those women connected with the Paducah Hospital, maintained by the Illinois Central Railroad Company, never a fear would enter the mind. The Paducah Hospital has a most splendid and efficient corps of surgeons and nurses and everything moves as smoothly and as perfectly as clock-work. Through you, I want to express my appreciation and thanks to all the doctors and nurses connected with the Paducah I. C. Hospital for the many kindness extended to me during my three weeks' stay there, and most es- pecially did I appreciate the courtesies shown my wife on her visit to me while in the hospital. Yours gratefully, OSCAR TURNER, Chief Clerk to Agt. I. C. R. R. Co., Dyersburg, Tenn. Vicksburg, Miss., June 2, 1914. Mr. W. W. Leake, Assistant Chief Surgeon, New Orleans, La. Dear Sir: Having fully recovered from my recent illness, I take this method of thanking the Hospital Department Staff at New Orleans, for the beneficial service and kind faithful attention I received while a patient in the Illinois Central Hospital. I am now back at work and must say am feeling fine and am in better condition than I have been in for several years. I have for some time been a subscriber to the I. C. Hospital fund and today am proud of it. Yours truly, F. M. LEE. Special Officers. WAYS SAFE1Y FIRS REPORT OF FIRST QUARTERLY SAFETY FIRST MEETING HELD IN YARD OFFICE, CHAMPAIGN, SUNDAY AFTER- NOON, MARCH 15TH, 1914. PRESENT. H. BATTISFORE, Superintendent. H. C. EICH, Master Mechanic. W. C. COSTIGAN, Road Master. J. W. HEVRON, Trainmaster. E. H. BAKER, Trainmaster. C. W. ROBINSON, Traveling Engineer. W. E. ROSENBAUM, Traveling Engineer. C. W. DAVIS, Chief Train Dispatcher. O. M. SUTOR, Supervisor Bridges and Buildings. J. M. GARNER, Assistant Road Master. t W. H. DONLEY, General Foreman, Champaign. WM. McCARTY, Car Foreman. WM. KELLER, Assistant Car Foreman. F. S. BERRY, General Yardmaster. G. W. SCHRIDER, Road Supervisor. E. B. FITZGERALD, Road Supervisor. J. GALLAGHER, Road Supervisor. G. C. COHEA, Warehouse Foreman, Mattoon. C. T. FERGUSON, Night Yard Master, Champaign. E. DAMON, Yard Master, Kankakee. W. J. FAGAN, Claim Clerk. CHAS. COLE, Chief Clerk to Train Master, Champaign. W. H. BASH, Agent, Effingham. T. CARY, Supervisor, Effiingham. L. HEISE, Agent, Mattoon. EDGAR COMWELL, Warehouseman, Mattoon. R. B. POWERS, Cashier, Tuscola. B. E. HULL, Agent, Neoga. H. S. WALLIE, Agent, Odin. L. B. HARLAN, Agent, Tuscola. P. W. WRIGHT, Agent, Champaign. H. MITCHELL, Yard Clerk, Champaign. RAY HUBER, Warehouse Foreman, Champaign. L. L. BOSLEY, Operator, Champaign. C. R. WALTERS, Car Distributer, Kankakee. J. M. BURTILL, Agent, Kankakee. M. DORSEY, Agent, Paxton. H. HARTLEB, Agent, Matteson. H. KABBES, Agent, Gilman; M. H. Morrison, Agent, Rantoul. 68 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 69 HP HE first quarterly staff meeting having adjourned and an excellent lunch- * eon provided by the Dining Department at the station dining room hav- ing been partaken of, the first quarterly safety meeting was convened at 2 :00 p. m. with Chairman Battisfore presiding, and the remainder of the day, until 5 :45 p. m., when it was necessary to adjourn in order to catch the out- going trains for home, was devoted to the discussion of safety matters, the consideration of a multitude of suggestions received from all sources imag- inable, and the formulating of plans for the promotion of the safety move- ment of the Illinois Division. The work of the various committees during the past year was carefully reviewed and a comparison of the reports furnished by the Claim Depart- ment covering a period of twelve months was made, to determine if possible what effect the safety crusade has had on the prevention of claims for per- sonal injuries. It was noted with a great deal of pleasure that there has been a decided improvement in this respect. Although it is only too evident that too many accidents of an avoidable character involving personal injury or damage to company property are still occurring, and while a great many employes, in fact, the majority of them, have taken considerable interest in this movement and are no doubt more careful and cautious men than they were before the safety committees were organized, there are yet some who recognize in the undertaking nothing more than a passing fad. Happily these are a small minority, and the general tendency of the majority is toward co-operation with the management in their desire and efforts to elim- inate unnecessary accidents and further the movement, the object of which is safety first, under all conditions and circumstances, and it is sincerely be- lieved that there will be a continued improvement in this direction. SUB COMMITTEE REPORTS. The minutes of the monthly Safety Committee Meetings since the last Division meeting were taken up for consideration and the names of the new committee members appointed at the January meetings to fill the vacancies made by the expiration of the terms of the old Committeemen were an- nounced; action was authorized taken on various matters recommended favorably by the sub committees, over which the Division Committees had jurisdiction, and the following suggestions and recommendations were or- dered submitted to the consideration of the General Committee. Cleating Cars on Inside: Attention was called to the practice of Chicago Freight platform in cleat- ing merchandise cars from the inside on one door and cleating the opposite door so high on the outside that it is almost impossible to reach the cleat even with a crowbar. In addition to causing considerable damage to doors of some of our new equipment, there is a liability of personal injury to mem- bers of the train crews in knocking the cleats off the car owing to the fact that they are usually heavy pieces of lumber full of large nails. Delivering Train Orders Without Hoops: The attention of all concerned was called to the practice of operators in a number of cases being compelled to deliver train orders to moving trains without hoops, owing to the fact that the supply of hoops was either ex- hausted at their respective stations, or short from the supply cars, which ?s very frequently the case. Under the present arrangement, as soon as the hoop is handed on to the engineer and conductor, the train orders are removed and the hoops thrown off. The engine or caboose is usually by this time some distance from the telegraph office and at night the hoops are not found until 70 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE the following morning, and in the majority of cases are never found. In order to overcome this loss, and have a supply of hoops on hand at all times, it was suggested that each caboose be furnished with three or four train order hoops, and that when an operator hands on a train order, a hoop be immediately thrown off and the hoop with the order be returned to the hook in the caboose, which would equalize the supply on caboose cars and at the same time insure the operator receiving a hoop for each one used in delivering orders. The engineer should also keep the hoop and dispatch it to the oper- ator at the first open telegraph station after daylight, and in case any partic- ular office in this manner collected a surplus of hoops, the Chief Train Dis- patcher should be notified, and he should arrange for their re-distribution. It was thought that in this manner a considerable saving could be effected on the Illinois Division and possibly other divisions could do likewise. In order to further minimize danger attendant in delivering train orders, it was suggested that all hoops furnished be provided with long handles, so that it would not be necessary to stand so close to the track when delivering orders. The additional expense incurred in doing this would be very small. Stencilling Cars : Attention was called to the fact that some of the Eastern Lines have their new equipment stencilled on the end in a conspicuous place near the pin lifter the words "Safety First," which would no doubt cause many a brakeman to hesitate before performing a dangerous act between the cars. Low Manhole Switch Engines: It was suggested that if possible the flashing on the manhole of switch engines be raised a sufficient distance to prevent so much water running over the back of the engine when taking water from our stand pipes, as the water falls unprotected a considerable distance after leaving the sleeve of the pen- stock before striking the manhole. This is especially dangerous during the winter months when in severe weather the entire back of the engine as well as the foot board is a sheet of ice within a few minutes after taking water. Changing Lights on Crossing Gates: An observation of the crossing gate lights at some of our stations de- velops the fact that when the gates are lifted the green light is in a line with the train order signal. This is especially true at Manteno and Onarga, and possibly at some other points on this and other divisions. Of course these lights are removed by the gateman when he goes home for the night ; how- ever, they are lighted for from one to four hours, especially during. the winter months. The hazard of accident we had in mind could occur in this manner. The train order signal at a station may be displayed at stop, but for some reason the light is extinguished before the arrival of the train, and the engi- neer on the approaching train could mistake the lights on the crossing gates for a clear signal and not discover his mistake until he has possibly caused an accident. Furthermore, the Committee does not believe that green is the proper signal to be used on these crossing gates. Our employes all know that green is a safety signal ; in fact, it is almost universally used as such by the railroads of this country. We place it on our crossing gates to notify drivers of vehicles that the gate is against them. In case an automobile should approach a gate in such a position, the driver, seeing the green light and thinking it was a clear signal from the fact that it is so universally used by railroads and this information would naturally be conveyed to the public more or less would run through the gate and be struck by the train on the crossing. Suppose the case came to trial, we should be placed in a rather ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 71 peculiar position by having to admit that we use green as a safety signal or proceed, while we expect the public to respect it in this particular case as a danger signal, while at the same time we are making every effort to have the public co-operate with us in preventing crossing accidents. To overcome this, it was suggested that a white light be used upon these gates, or if this is not desired, to display lights only on the gate opposite from the train order sign 1, signal, which would prevent any confusion in signals. Loading Rail in High Side Coal Cars : The Committee realizes, of course, that these rails are loaded primarily at the rolling mills, but the injury to a section laborer recently recalled our attention to the fact that it is a very dangerous practice to attempt to unload by hand rails from a coal car with high sides on account of the liability of the rails slipping back into the car before they can be lifted to the top to be thrown over the side. Protection of Boarding Cars: It was recommended when boarding cars are temporarily stored on sid- ings at stations that a bulletin notice be posted calling attention of train and enginemen to the fact, as it was thought in this way we might prevent injury to the occupants of the cars. This is especially true at night, when it is necessary to perform switching at stations by road crews. We of course realize where boarding cars are to remain at a station any length of time they should be spurred out and not allowed to remain on the working track. Improper Loading of Scrap Cars: It has been suggested if necessary to load scrap on flat cars, that special attention should be given the staking of the cars at the side, and the head blocking of the cars at the ends. Old ties could be used for this purpose. New I. C. Furniture Cars: The new I. C. furniture cars we are receiving are equipped with the Sharon draw bar attachment, a gilt plate and cotter key holding the draw bar in place. On account of the construction of the underframe, it is necessary that the cotter key be put in the plate from below. On a number of occasions the top of the key was not properly Spread, allowing the key to drop out, the plate to work out of the slot, allowing the draw bar to pull out a sufficient distance to break the train line putting the air in emergency. Special atten- tion should be given this feature in inspecting the cars by car repairers, and if possible the cotter key should be inserted in the gib plate from the top. If this cannot be done, special attention should be given the spread of the key at the top. Loading Machinery in Way Cars: It was the opinion of the Committee that the loading of heavy machinery against the doors of way cars should be discontinued on account of binding against the door, possibly breaking it loose from the lower fastening, allowing machinery to fall out while the cars were in transit or when opening the doors at stations, causing injury to employes and others. Door Catches on Passenger Equipment: Attention was called to the condition of the door catches used in holding open the doors on some of our steel equipment which are sprung and too weak to hold doors in open position in loading and unloading passengers, causing liability of catching passengers' hands between the door and the jam of the car. 72 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE R. E. Janey Couplers : Attention was again called to the condition and construction of this class of couplers, the locking pin wearing out very quickly, allowing pin to be lifted too high to uncouple the car, making it necessary for a person to go between the cars to remedy the defect. Release Rods on New Coal Cars: Brakeman C. M. Beam called attention to release rods on the new coal cars, 120 and 123, also 124 series. These rods are very short and it is neces- sary to reach so far under the car to bleed air brakes that it is dangerous to attempt to walk along beside a car and bleed air. The air can be bled with safety only by having the cars stopped. It is our opinion that this is a haz- ardous condition and ought to be corrected by having longer release rods applied to these cars so that they can be reached with ease and it will not be necessary to reach under the cars to bleed air. Fire Losses: A letter from the General Superintendent enclosing statement covering fire losses issued by the Mutual Fire Marine and Inland Insurance Company of Philadelphia was read and the statement carefully analyzed, and it was explained that the purpose of these circulars was to enable railroad officials and employes to gain an idea of the principal causes of fires and to take such action as might be necessary to remove such causes from buildings before fires and consequent losses had occurred. Statements from the Claim Department showing expense incurred by that Department in settlement of personal injury, fire, and stock claims, were also read and thoroughly discussed, and data was placed in the hands of all concerned to enable them to appreciate what carelessness or indifference in the prevention of fires and personal injuries means to the company in a finan- cial way in the course of the year, and all were urged to co-operate with the Claim Department in every way possible to reduce our expenses from this source, and it is believed that a very active interest will be taken on his divi- sion. Safety First Stamps: Communication from General Yard Master Perry of Champaign was read, in which he suggested that "Safety First" monogram, which is now being stamped on letters with a rubber stamp, be printed on all stationery, stating that under the present method very few of the train and engine men or the outside people see this monogram, but it is observed mostly by office employes who handle correspondence, and better results would be obtained and a greater impression would be made on the minds of outsiders if the monogram were printed on our freight cars, which has been done by a num- ber of other railroads, and also on all waybills, switch lists, etc. This is a very timely suggestion and is recommended for the consideration of the Gen- eral Committee. Postal Card Report : 1. Conductor H. C. Flora reported defective ladder on "A" end of I. C. 150770, an empty stock car standing at a way station, and arrangements were immediately made to have ladder repaired before the car was moved. 2. Section Foreman A. C. Curtis of Manteno reported bent axle on G. S. & I. car 183 loaded with scrap while passing the above station, and telegraphed ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 73 the conductor, who set the car out at the next station, thereby removing the possible cause of an accident. This incident also was reported by Conductor Flora. 3. Conductor H. C. Flora reported sharp flange on derrick car which he was handling in his train, also the fact that this car was not equipped with side ladders for use of trainmen, and was instructed to set the car out at Kankakee, where wheels were renewed and the ladder applied. 4. Conductor H. C. Flora reported three bunk cars on hand at Onarga not equipped with running board involving hazard to trainmen who might be handling them. The cars were ordered held and the mechanical department instructed to equip them with running board which was done. 5. An anonymous report signed by joint express messenger and bag- gagemen in regard to a number of steel baggage cars having defective floors, making it dangerous for baggagemen and messengers while carrying heavy articles in the car. The matter was referred to the mechanical department for necessary attention. 6. Agent F. W. Crawford of Onarga reported dangerous condition of platform at his station, same having a number of large holes constituting hazard to passengers who might be going to or from trains. The matter was immediately taken up with the Road Department and necessary repairs made. 7. T. C. McKay, Section Foreman Farmer City, reported engine 1083 operating between Chicago and Clinton throwing fire badly and setting out fire in a number of places. The matter was taken up with the mechanical department and necessary repairs made to netting. In concluding the meeting reports of employes talked to by members of the Safety Committee were read. There were so many of these that it was not considered advisable to enumerate them in this report on account of occupying too much space. EPITAPHS Here lies Chanceit Charles, Age twenty-one, When it came to taking chances He was a little son-of-a-gun. But he took one chance too many, And so, poor Charles, forsooth Was cut off in the flower Of his hopeful, budding youth. Here lies Safety Sammy, Age seventy-four If he hadn't got lumbago He'd have lived a few years more. In Sammy's dictionary "Chance" and "risk" were hard to find. There'd be a lot more pensioners If there were more of his kind. B. E. K. The Passing of an Ancient Landmark By Helen Lee Brooks nnHE rapid progress which is being -^ made in the work of reducing the grade of the Illinois Central Railroad through Mattoon, 111., and the exten- sive improvement incident thereto, which, when completed, will represent an expenditure of approximately one million dollars, make it only a question of days until the famous Essex House will exist only in memory. The old freight house has already been torn down and a modern, commodious build- ing erected on land newly acquired, ad- jacent to the Indiana Division right of way. Soon the little building occupied by the Van Noy restaurant and news stand must give way before the inroads of the powerful steam shovel, and next to disappear will be the ancient land- mark, the Essex House the first per- manent building erected in what is now the city of Mattoon. Deeper and deeper plough the great machines. Little wonder is it that at whatever hour of the day one may pass where either of the two steam shovels is working, a crowd of people may be seen watching the giant hand, with human- like cunning, delving deeper and deeper into the earth, lifting huge handfuls of soil, as lightly as a feather, and deposit- ing them on the waiting cars. Times have changed mightily in the three score years since the foundation of this ancient hostelry was laid in a nameless camp of railroad contractors. For the famous game of Seven-Up which gave Mr. Samuel Mattoon the right to bestow his name on the town- to-be had not then been played.. What was then a trackless prairie, without a tree in sight to gladden the eye, has grown into a prosperous city, number- ing fifteen thousand inhabitants, modern in every respect. Here may be found a system of public schools, unequalled in any town of similar size in the state ; churches of every Christian denomina- tion are represented ; an efficient, well- patronized public library ; a Civic League of recent organization but not lacking in enthusiasm. Well-stocked shops of various de- scriptions line Broadway the principal business thoroughfare of the city; three flourishing banks and an equal number of building and loan associations testify to the prudence and frugality of her citizens. Indeed, thanks to the latter, it is estimated that no less than seventy per cent of the residents of Mattoon own their homes. In truth, in spite of the ever-changing population character- istic of a railroad center, Mattoon is pre-eminently a city of homes, of com- fort and in m&ny instances of lux- ury. To the wisdom and foresight of her pioneers the city is indebted for broad, well-shaded avenues. Even New Eng- land can boast of no streets more abund- antly shaded than our Western and Prairie avenues ; perhaps, because these, and other streets in the western portion of the city, were laid out by a staunch New Englander Mr. Eben Noyes. In the founding of every town there is always one individual who sees a bit ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 75 farther ahead and who is gifted with a clearer vision and a firmer faith than other folks. In this instance it was Mr. Noyes. With admirable sagacity, and a faith that no doubt seemed foolishness to his contemporaries, Mr. Noyes fore- saw the day when railroads would tra- verse the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Great Lakes on the north to the Gulf on the south. He, therefore, purchased from the Government at a nominal sum the en- tire section now known as Noyes' Ad- mediately west. The land on which the hotel and station stand he deeded to the x -ld Terre Haute, Alton & St. Louis Railroad with the understanding that a hotel was to be erected thereon. In most instances a hotel is the outgrowth of a city's need, but the Essex House is an exception ; it was here when the town arrived, having been erected in 1855, while the town of Mattoon was not in- corporated until four years later; there- fore, instead of being an adjunct to the town, the town has grown up around 'The Essex House", the first permanent building in what is now Mattoon, III. dition, and the most desirable residential portion of the city. The foresight and public spirit of Mr. Noyes is further evidenced by an unusual clause which he caused to be inserted in the deed to every lot sold in his addition to the city, i. e., the purchaser was to plant trees along the lot, in the event there was none, and in consideration of the fulfill- ment of this promise fifty dollars was deducted from the purchase price. In addition to the section which bears his name, Mr. Noyes purchased at pub- lic auction the present site of the Essex House and the triangle of ground im- the hotel and railroad station, and in- stead of the railroads coming to the town, the town came to the railroads. Railroads have played an important part in the development of every coun- try on the globe, but nowhere has their influence been more potent than in the United States, and particularly in the prairie section of the great northwest, where navigable streams are rare, and, in the early days, the prairie schooner the only mode of traveling. Here rail- roads have been the vanguards of civil- ization, as well as commercial prosperi- ty. The resources of a country, however rich, are worthless without adequate fa- cilities for transportation. Had the two paths of steel traversing the state of Illinois in 1855 not entered her borders, the history of the state would read very At this time the modern dining car was a luxury undreamed of, and as "civil- ized man cannot live without cooks," the "eating house" was a necessary adjunct to the operation of a railroad. There- w in process of construction. differently, and instead of leading the states in the output of agricultural prod- ucts, she would be far down in the list; or had the two roads crossed a few miles north or south, Mattoon would never had a place on the map and the foundation of the famous Essex House would never have been laid in its pres- ent locations. The building of the Essex House was not achieved without difficulty. The building was begun by a man by the name of Radcliffe, but unfortunately his money gave out before the building was completed and furnished, and Mr. Radcliffe never attained to the dignity of "mine host." In the meantime the Illinois Central railroad, destined to di- vide geographically the state from the north to the south, crossed the Terre Haute, Alton & St. Louis at Mattoon. fore, to meet this primary need, as .well as to provide a station building, each of the roads contributed the sum of a twenty-five hundred dollars to complete the building. The greater part of the material for the building was brought from Terre Haute, Ind., but a portion of the brick came from Paradise, then a prosperous village and soon to become famous for giving to the War of the Rebellion seven colonels six to the Union Army and one to the Confederacy. It was never the intention of the rail- roads to operate the hotel. When the building was finally finished, it was leased by Mr. Noyes for a period of forty years, and in appreciation of his generosity in giving the land on which the building stood, the hotel was named for his native county of Essex, Massa- ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 77 chusetts. Mr. Noyes did not long re- main in active management of the hotel, and the name of his successor is lost to history. There have been practically no changes made in the outside or in- terior of the building. Save the ac- cumulated grime and dust and general decay, it presents the same appearance as when built and should any of the guests of later fifties or early sixties re- visit Mattoon, they would have no dif- ficulty in recognizing the old inn. To make the picture complete, The Essex House should be presided over by a landlord and ancient and decrepit as itself, linking its ignoble present with its illustrious past. Unfortunately this touch of romance is wanting. Un- changed in other particulars, it has had many proprietors, none of whom stands out with any degree of picturesqueness. Today, dwarfed by larger buildings and by trees, the ancient land-mark presents anything but an imposing ap- pearance, as it seems to be endeavoring to retreat before the onrushing steam shovel, but on the treeless prairie, un- surrounded by other houses, it was vis- ible for miles, promising food and rest to many weary travelers, being the only "eating house" between Indianapolis and Terre Haute. When the famous Lincoln-Douglas debate was held in Charleston, 111., Sep- tember 18, 1858, both the JLincoln and Douglas parties came to Mattoon by train via the Illinois Central, stopping a short time at the Essex House and driving thence to Charleston. Lincoln, modest and unassuming, and as fitted the slender purse of a comparatively un- known lawyer, came to Mattoon on regular train, but the more spectacular Douglas, ever alert to dramatic effect, arrived in an elaborately decorated special train. Nor was this the only visit of the great political rivals to Mat- toon. In the dining room of the Essex House the "Little Giant" delivered an address at a banquet given in his honor, and on another occasion, in the same place his great rival made a political speech. Here the most elaborate balls and smartest cotillions were held. One function had almost a tragic aftermath. It was a ball given by a promient danc- ing club, and was a huge success until the time came to pay the musicians, when it was discovered there was no money. The leader of the orchestra First Train Through the Subway, July 20, 1914 78 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE brought suit to enforce collection of his fee, and upon proving to the court that he had been engaged by the president of the club, whom we will mis-name Mr. Blank, judgment was rendered his favor. Mr. Blank, however, seems to have figured more prominently in the blue book than the bank book, and as he owned no property of any description, at the end of the litigation, the orchestra leader was exactly where he started, plus a lawyer's fee, and the merry-makers had their dance without paying the fid- ler, notwithstanding the old adage. The breaking out of the Civil War brought many soldiers through Mattoon. The Vandalia Railroad was not then built and all passengers and traffic be- tween Indianapolis and St. Louis and Chicago and Cairo passed through Mat- toon. Furthermore, as many soldiers as possible were transported via the Illi- nois Central Railroad. These were prosperous days for the Essex House. Far and wide the blue- jackets spread the fame of the excellent coffee and sandwiches served there. In fact, it is only within comparatively recent years that the old hotel lost its reputation for superior cuisine a reputation so well- established that rival hostelries for years had an uphill business. A frequent guest at this time at the Essex House was Ulysses S. Grant, de- tined to become one of the greatest mili- tary leaders America has yet produced. The Twenty-First Regiment of Illinois was organized near Mattoon, and Grant was recruiting officer, having no higher rank until alter the re-enlistment at Springfield, when he was given the rank ot colonel. The camp was located at what is now known as Grank Park and the commissary building was on Broad- way, a short distance east of the Illinois Central Tracks. Bravely has this ancient land-mark withstood the storm and stress of sixty years and seen a rude contractors' camp develop into a prosperous city. Once a source of pride to the town and sur- rounding country, in its present state of decay it is an eyesore the citizens of Mattoon will be glad to see torn down and a station adequate to their present needs and worthy of the two great rail- roads in its place. FIRST TRAIN THROUGH SUBWAY, JULY 20, 1914. Letter Complimentary to the ! Yazoo & Mississipppi Valley Railroad Company Written by Charles Banks of Mound Bayou to Booker T. Washington July 9, 1914. Dr. Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Alabama. Dear Dr. Washington : In keeping with your suggestion of some time ago for the "negroes throughout the country to take up the matter of better accommodations by the railroads for our people, I am writing to advise, that this was pretty generally done throughout Mississippi. At Jackson, Miss., a committee headed by Mr. P. W. Howard, of that city, took the matter up with the officials, were courteously received and prom- ised full consideration on the matters set forth to them. In this connection, however, I am glad to state that in the matter of accommodations for our people on the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, which is owned and op- erated by the Illinois Central, and on which Mound Bayou is located, we feel inclined to commend, rather than condemn their attitude towards us as a race in the matter of accommodation and general service. The writer has on more than one occasion, taken up matters with them along this line, and in each case they have manifested their willingness to grant any and every request that was in any degree practicable. I have ridden on most of the roads in the south, as well as the northeast and west, and it is my deliberate opinion that the accommodations for the negroes on the line of the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley between Memphis and Vicksburg is equal to that of the whites so far as day coaches are concerned, and as good as can be found anywhere. I re- gret, however, that I cannot make such a statement for the rest of the lines operating in Mississippi, and I am trusting with you, that the concerted ac- tion in having our people call upon the representatives of the railroads, and soliciting their favorable consideration of our claims for better accommo- dations will have the desired results. I am not sure that it is good judgment for me to embrace in this letter another matter that has given me some little concern, but I will do so any- way. There is a great tendency on the part of some of our people to institute suits against railroads for every little imaginary thing, to say nothing of real causes. In a large measure the desire does not originate with them to pursue such a course, but they serve as the instrument. In my opinion we could hardly expect the highest and most favorable consideration from those whom we desire to reach when it is understood that we perniciously and indis- criminately harass the companies with law suits without merit or foundation, and I am hoping that we can in some way discourage these parties. Very truly yours, (Signed) CHARLES BANKS. 79 Illinois Central Station Training School By E. A. Barton, Instructor To the Illinois Central Magazine : Thinking that a statement explaining in detail the Illinois Central Station Training School, its origin and accom- plishment would be of interest, not only to the officers and employes of this company, but as well to those who contemplate entering railway service, I beg to submit the following article with the hope that in it will be found sufficient of merit to justify its publi- cation : These are days of efficiency ; these are days in which the man or woman who approximates 100 per cent in daily work, in clean living, in obedience to orders, in loyalty to employer, in honesty, and in courteous treatment and kindly consid- eration of those with whom they come in contact, is just as surely headed to- ward success as the 30 or 40 or 50 per cent man or woman whose ingenuity is taxed to its limit in devising ways and means to not do more than is necessary to keep them on the right side of the line that separates partial efficiency from ab- solute inefficiency, who has but two bea- cons ahead one, the hand of the clock that denotes quitting time, and the other, the calendar which indicates pay-day is doomed to failure. These are days when the line of de- markation between profit and loss is so closely drawn that it is necessary if suc- cess is to crown the efforts of railway management, if at the end of the year the balance sheet is to be written in black- instead of red, that not only dollars and cents, but mills and tenths of mills must be looked after and husbanded with care. The management of the Illinois Cen- tral and Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad Companies appreciating that leaks individually small, but in the ag- gregate large, could not all be stopped without trained men were put in charge, conceived the idea of establishing a sta- tion training school, and in line with this idea on July 19th, 1911, the Illinois Cen- tral Station Training School was or- ganized and located in the 57th street suburban station. The building is commodious and sani- tary, and is equipped with desks, tele- graph instruments, all the blanks that are used at ordinary stations, a ticket office, and in fact all the necessary para- phernalia to educate and equip young men for the successful handling of a local station. The following are the requirements of the applicants before admittance to the school : A. They must be over 18 and under 30 years of age. B. They must pass the required physi- cal examination. C. They must be able to accurately work problems up to and including frac- tions and decimals in order to pass the mathematical test given before being ad- mitted to the school. D. They must be able to receive by telegraph at a speed of twenty words per minute, making good legible copy. E. They must be able to write a good, plain, legible business hand. This is par- ticularly important, as a great deal of consideration is given to this qualifica- tion in considering applications. F. They must be of good moral char- acter, as they are required to qualify for guarantee bond when they enter the service. Briefly stated, the course of instruc- tion is as follows : 1. The applicant is subjected to physi- cal examination ,and if he qualifies is given the test in mathematics and teleg- raphy, and if successful is admitted to membership in the school. 80 m\ ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 2. Is required to learn thoroughly the geography of the Illinois Central sys- tem, and instructed how to ascertain the mileage between the stations of the vari- ous districts and divisions. 3. The tariffs are explained, and the student instructed how to find rates on Classes and Commodities. 4. He is assigned to a station as agent, and has explained to him all kinds of bills of lading, such as straight bill of lading, shipper's bill of lading, live stock contracts, government bills of lading, ex- port bills of lading, etc., and is impresssd with the fact that all bills of lading are binding, both upon the company and the shipper; in fact, are a contract. 5. The student is required to, from shipping tickets furnished by the in- structor, make way bills, complete in every detail, to various destinations. These shipping tickets include inflam- mable material, explosives, acids, pack- ing house products, and other perishable freight, live stock, etc., and the manner of handling the various commodities is explained as often as is necesary to con- vince the instructor that the student un- derstands thoroughly. The student is also required to take impression copies of way bills and is made to understand the uses to which extra impressions are put. 6. The student is instructed fully in regard to the various reports required, how to revise, how to handle over, short and bad order reports, refused and un- claimed reports, how to make out freight bills with notices to consignees, how to enter in freight book, and make out ab- stracts local, interline, and company ma- terial; in fact, is instructed in every de- tail of the handling of the feright end of a local station. 7. The student is then taken to the ticket office and required to find the fare from the station to which he is assigned, to stations in each state through which these companies run. Is instructed fully as to excess baggage rates to various destinations, giving him a thorough knowledge of the minimum charge on excess weight and excess val- ulation. He is schooled in the handling of dogs, baby carriages and all articles that are carried on passenger trains or freight trains by baggage. 8. The student is then instructed in the handling of cars, storage and switching, and of freight claims and leases. 9. The cash book is explained to him thoroughly; he is required to make a complete balance for each day, and to make up all monthly reports, and in- structed as to daily remittances, and his final remittance, and the closing of the month's accounts, including the carry- ing on hand for prior and current months, then the final statement of ac- count, which closes the month's busi- ness. 10. On Saturdays lectures are deliv- ered in which emphasis is placed upon the importance of reports, the necessity of quick release and movement of cars, looking out for the return to foreign lines of home-routed cars unless in- structed to the contrary, the cleanliness of station buildings and platforms, freight rooms and station surroundings, watching passing trains for defects that may cause an accident. The absolute necessity for being obliging, courteous and attentive to the company's patrons ; clean living and honesty, and other mat- ters, to enumerate which, would en- cumber this article unnecessarily. 11. The student is also instructed in the handling of express matter and com- mercial telegraph and telephone mes- sages. After completing the course in other words, after the student has learned theoretically all that can be taught in the school he is assigned to some sta- tion as a helper to the agent, and there is expected to apply practically on the "firing line," so to speak, for a period of three months the information that he has acquired in his school course. After leaving the school the advancement of the graduate is dependent, of course, upon himself. It is required by the management that agents at such stations as helpers are located shall assist and encourage them in every way possible, the one idea being 84 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE to make them proficient and helpful to the company, when they are placed in charge of a station and thrown upon their own resources. Such agents as are intrusted with the finishing of the education of a helper should bear in mind that the company has gone to considerable expense to pre- pare these young men for the position of assistant to an agent, and if they are not treated fairly, and through such treatment seek other avenues of employ- ment, the money expended is lost. There should be no feeling of jeal- ousy on the part of the agent. The helper is sent to him, not to supersede him, but to equip himself for the re- sponsibility of an agency when a vacancy occurs. These companies have authorized cer- tain telegraph schools or colleges to cer- tify young men for admittance to this school, the names of which will be fur- nished to applicants if desired. It should be borne in mind that telegraphy is not taught in the station training school. It may be of interest to know just what the school has accomplished, and in order to furnish such data the follow- ing tabulated statements are submitted : STUDENTS SENT OUT FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30th, 1912 Division July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Total Left Illinois 3 1 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 3 22 4 St. Louis 3 1 1 2 2 1 10 8 Springfield 2 2 1 2 1 2 10 4 Indiana 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 11 4 Wisconsin 9 2 2 2 1 4 1 14 3 Minnesota 3 4 3 1 2 1 14 5 Iowa 1 3 2 3 3 2 4 2 6 2 28 12 Kentucky 1 1 1 2 1 1 7 2 Tennessee 1 2 1 2 6 Mississippi 5 2 7 4 Louisiana 1 1 2 1 Memphis 0. Vicksburg 3 3 1 New Orleans 1 1 1 Total by months 3 11 20 12 9 8 18 20 8 15 11 135 43 SUMMARY Clerks 2 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 15f Agents 1 1 1 3 Helpers 3 11 20 10 7 6 14 15 7 14 10 121 Total 3 11 20 12 9 8 18 20 8 15 11 139* Dismissed Acct. Failure. 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 19 Disqualified Physically 1 4 2 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 4 26 *Four sent to Omaha for U. P. fMen who failed physically employed as clerks. STUDENTS SENT OUT FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30th, 1913 Division July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Total Left Illinois 5 1 2 3 3 1 4 St. Louis 1 1 1 3 3 Springfield 1 1 3 4 2 1 Indiana 3 1 1 2 2 Wisconsin 5 1 1 1 1 1 Minnesota 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 Iowa 7 4 1 2 3 3 1 1 Kentucky 1 1 2 1 1 1 Tennessee Mississippi 1 1 3 Louisiana Memphis 2 Vicksburg 2 2 New Orleans. . . 5 5 2 32 14 1 1 12 4 2 15 5 1 2 13 2 2 2 6 21 5 4 2 1 22 6 2 1 2 29 9 1 9 2 2 2 5 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 Total 23 11 18 18 20 11 16 17 13 169 49 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 85 SUMMARY Clerks 2 2 00222 2 1 2 4 19 Agents 1 01020 1 3 8 Baggagemen . . 00000 1 1 Helpers 20 4 9 10 16 14 5 18 9 14 10 12 141 Total . 23 6 9 11 18 18 7 20 11 16 17 13 169 Dismissed .... 2 3 21212 1 1 2 2 19 Disqualified Physically . . 2 1 22212 4 2 1 1 2 22 STUDENTS SENT OUT FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30TH, 1914 Division July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan . Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Total Left Illinois 2 3 51241 2 4 5 1 30 St. Louis 1 3 1 to 2 1 8 Springfield .... 1 00100 1 1 4 Indiana 1 11110 1 1 7 Wisconsin 1 3 02220 2 2 2 1 4 21 Minnesota .... 2 2 34141 1 1 1 6 26 Iowa 3 2 21212 3 5 4 7 2 34 .. Kentucky 3 03003 2 2 1 14 Tennessee .... 00000 Mississippi .... 1 11100 1 1 6 Louisiana 00000 3 2 5 Memphis 1 00 2 1 . 1 5 Vicksburg .... - o 00000 1 1 New Orleans.. 1 02000 3 Total . 15 11 16 15 10 13 7 10 21 14 15 17 164 SUMMARY Clerks 2 21000 . 1 1 7 Agents 00100 1 2 Helpers 15 9 14 14 9 13 7 10 20 14 14 16 155 164 Dismissed .... 2 12232 2 1 15 Failed in Physi- cal Exam. . . . 2 1 12001 2 4 1 5 1 20 Total applications for entrance to school 199 Promoted 59 In Service .... 123 Left Service . . 41 RECAPITULATION SHOWING ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE SCHOOL SINCE ITS ORGANIZATION Entered Dismissed Rejected Sent Left In School Not Qualified Physical Ex. Out Service Service 1911-12 . 184 19 26 139 43 96 1912-13 . 210 19 22 169 49 120' 1913-14 ..." 199 15 20 164 41 123 Total 593 53 68 472 133 339 Long Service Ended May 1 H. T. CUNNINGHAM PEN- SIONED AS I. C. ENGINEER Began as Fireman in August 1868 and Service Lasted Almost Continu- ous as Locomotive Engineer Since Feb. 28, 1873 Beginning May 1, 1914, H. T. Cun- ningham, one of the best known and most highly respected employes of the Illinois Central, is given a pension as locomotive engineer, and honorably re- tired. Mr. Cunningham began service as a fireman with the company in 1868, and continued as fireman until February 27, 1873, when he took the examination for engineer. He was successful, and the following day, the 28th, made his first run as engineer. He was the oldest engineer in years in the service at Centralia at the time of his retirement and of those who were in the same line of duty as he when he began, none are now working. Sam Bicknell and Humphrey Roberts who were working at the same time have both been off the road some time. Mr. Rob- erts was pensioned about two years ago. A remarkable coincidence in connec- tion with Mr. Cunningham's service is the fact that he began work as an en- gineer Feb. 25, 1873, and on the 28th of February, 1914, he was notified that he would be placed on the pension list. He was born at Walnut Hill in Ma- rion county, Sept. 28, 1847, and is there- fore in his 67th year. He is straight as an Indian, active, and bids fair to live many years to enoy a well earned rest from the exacting labors of a locomotive engineer. Since 1876 he has been an active mem- ber of the Baptist church and for fifteen years was a member of the Baptist State Missionary Society board, and was for many years president of the local R. R. Y. M. C. A., and is still a member of the board of directors, in which capacity he has served many years. Mr. Cun- ningham is known all over the state as an earnest and devoted Christian and member of the Baptist church and Y. M. C. A. worker. No man in Centralia has worked harder for the cause of re- ligion and uplift of mankind than "Theoplius" Cunningham. He is a Christian every day of the week and carries his religion with him at all times. To him, Dr. C. L. Morey and Rev. Mr. Clark, a Congregational min- ister, both formerly of this city, is due the fact that a Y. M. C. A. was started here. Feeling the need of such an in- stitution, they often discussed it, and one day shook hands on the street and pledged themselves to the work of se- curing a Y. M. C. A. and one was soon after established in Centralia. Mr. Cunningham is held in high esteem by railroad men and all who know him regardless of church or creed. 86 A Meeting Which Will Be Held for a Worthy Purpose Murphysboro, 111. This city, the birthplace of General John A. Logan, will be the scene of the largest gathering of notables ever gathered together at one time in southern Illinois, when on August 3rd the John A. Logan Monument and Volunteer Soldiers' Memorial Associa- tion will be formally organized. The speakers for the occasion include Governor Edward F. Dunne, United States Senators James Hamilton Lewis and Lawrence Y. Sherman, Mrs. Mary Logan, widow of General Logan, and Joseph G. Cannon, former speaker of the national house of representatives. Among other notables who have ac- cepted invitations to be present are former Governors Deneen and Yates, Clark E. Carr, a personal friend of Logan, Congressman-at-Large String- er, Roger Sullivan, Secretary of State Harry Wood, State Treasurer Ryan, Lieut. Governor Barratt O'Hara, Mrs. Mary Logan Tucker, only surviving child of General Logan, and John A. Logan III, Post Commander of the G. A. R., N. B. Thistlewood, former U. S. Senator Wm. Mason, Judge Vickers, of the supreme court, and others. The John A. Logan Monument and Volunteer Soldiers' Memorial Associa- tion plans to erect a suitable monu- ment to John A. Logan, the greatest volunteer soldier of all time, at his birthplace, and to build a memorial to the volunteer soldiers. State Senator Kent E. Keller is father of the idea and is working with the local commit- tee toward the successful culmination of the plans. The association will be formally organized on August 3 and a marker placed at the site of the birth- place of General Logan. The monument and memorial will be built by popular subscription. It is hoped to have it ready for dedication in 1918, the Illinois Centennial Year. All old soldiers and patriotic citizens are invited to participate in this tribute meeting to General Logan on Aug- ust 3rd. To All of These Parties the Thanks of the Manage- ment of the Illinois Central R. R. Co. Is Tendered HE fallacy that human nature is essentially selfish is given the lie every day in the year. The attention of the officers on the Indiana Division was recently called to this fact by the action of Mr. and Mrs. William) McCormick who reside near Latham, 111. A bridge belonging to the railroad Company near Latham was discovered on fire a few weeks ago. The section foreman was engaged in work on another portion of the section, where the bridge was not visible. Without stopping to inquire whether it was their duty to extinguish the fire, Mr. and Mrs. McCormick hastened to the bridge and through their effort the fire was put out before serious damage resulted. The Company and particularly the officials on the Indiana Division appre- ciate the valuable service rendered by Mr. and Mrs. McCormick. In promptly extinguishing the fire, they not only pre- vented financial loss to the Railroad Company, but probably averted a dis- astrous accident.- Quite a serious loss to the Company, and possibly accident, was averted by the prompt and vigorous action of Dr. J. H. Hutton and your Fred Chitister. 87 88 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE As they were passing Bridge B 159-21 near Newton, 111., in an automobile, the early part of June they discovered the structure on fire. Dr. Hutton drove to Newton as rapidly as possible to notify the agent of the company at that point. Young Chitister remained at the bridge and fought the fire alone and succeeded in almost extinguishing the flames be- fore the arrival of section foreman and other employees. But for the efforts of these gentlemen in extinguishing the fire the bridge would have been totally destroyed. The officials of the Indiana Division desire publicly to express their thanks to Dr. Hutton and Mr. Chitister for the services rendered and the interest dis- played in protecting the property of the company and preventing an accident which might have resulted in loss of life, and certainly damage to property. The Following Letter from Master Mechanic Watkins Also the Drawing are Self Explanatory. It May Be Possible That Some Other Officer of This Company May Desire to Use This Time Slip Press Editor, Employes' Magazine, Memphis, February 27, 1914. Chicago, 111. Dear Sir : I am attaching hereto a drawing of a time slip press, same is used in my office to bind time slips, form 1409 for filing. Would thank you to have same put in the Magazine, so that should any of the master mechanics on the sys- tem desire to make one for their office, they can do so, as it has proven quite a handy article in my office. This press is made of cherry wood with space blocks to bind any size package of 1409's, and the blocks have grooves to place string into in order to tie same up. When this drawing has served your purpose, would thank you to kindly return same. Yours respectfully, W. H. WATKINS, Master Mechanic. '%, 1 t 1 h a = i^rac-t-tS JD/btfTt*? / uenkmous o QIVICG P AVORABLE entry has been made on the records of the following conductors for their special efforts in lifting and preventing the use of ir- regular transportation in connection with which reports (Form 972) were rendered to the auditor of passenger re- ceipts, who, in cases of this kind, advise the other departments concerned, so that proper action may be taken, all pass ir- regularities being brought to the atten- tion of the vice-president. ST. LOUIS DIVISION Conductor A. E. Reader on train No. 21 June 3rd declined to honor card ticket account having expired and collected cash fare. Conductor J. H. Davis on train No. 203 June 12th lifted mileage book ac- count being in improper hands and col- lected cash fare. Conductor W. F. Griffith on train No. 206 June 24 declined to honor card ticket account having expired and col- lected cash fare. TENNESSEE DIVISION Conduc- tor H. L. Palmer on train No. 9 May 30th lifted trip pass account being in improper hands, and as passengers re- fused to pay fare, they were required to leave the train. Conductor J. W. Robertson on train No. 3 June 7th lifted trip pass account having expired and collected cash fare. On train No. 4 June 29th he lifted employe's trip pass account being in im- proper hands and as passenger refused to pay fare was required to leave the train. MISSISSIPPI DIVISION Conduc- tor C. M. Anderson on train No. 1 June 16th lifted mileage book account being in improper hands and collected cash fare. Conductor N. S. McLean on train No. 124 June 23rd lifted employe's term pass account being in improper hands and collected cash fare. Conductor J. Sitton on train No. 2 June 30th lifted employe's annual pass which was presented with identification slip calling for transportation of other than party named in pass. Passengers refused to pay fare and were required to leave the train. LOUISIANA DIVISION Conduc- tor W. E. McMaster, on train No. 4, May 30th, lifted trip pass account be- ing in improper hands and as passenger refused to pay fare was required to leave the train. Conductor R. E. Mclnturff, on train No. 314, June 14th, declined to honor card ticket account having expired and collected cash fare. Conductor H. Erickson, on train No. 24, June 29th, lifted employe's term pass together with identification slip account holder attempting to have passenger car- ried who was not entitled to transporta- tion thereon. Conductor A. E. Broas, on train No. 34, June 16th, lifted 54 ride individual ticket account having expired and col- lected cash fare. MEMPHIS DIVISION Conductor Jeff Williams, on train No. 303, June 16th, and train No. 46, June 25th, lifted mileage tickets account being in improp- er hands and collected cash fares NEW ORLEANS DIVISION Con- ductor Chas. E. Gore, on train No. 33, June 6th, lifted expired 46-ride monthly and 54-ride individual tickets, also had a case of expired 54-ride individual tickets on train No. 33, June 24th. In each instance cash fares were collected. Conductor A. L. Williams, on train No. 33, June 13th, lifted 54-ride indi- vidual ticket account having expired and collected cash fare. ILLINOIS DIVISION Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Agent T. A. Pow- ers of Cooksville for discovering and reporting incorrect stencilling on one end of I. C. car 36864. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Mr. J. J. Powers, 89 90 agent at Riverdale for discovering and reporting brake beam down in train handled by engine 1577, July 21st, there- by preventing possible accident. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record on Engine Foreman J. L. Markland for discovering and re- porting broken wheel brace on M. L. & T. car 33238, July 17th, thereby pre- venting possible accident. MINNESOTA DIVISION Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Agent C. H. Hall, Raymond, la., for discovering and re- porting defective truck on I. C. 26656, thereby preventing possible accident. MEMPHIS DIVISION Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Flagman M. P. Harlan for finding about fifteen inches of flange gone from I. C. 112643. Car was set out at Falcon, thereby prevent- ing possible accident. MISSISSIPPI DIVISION Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Conductor L. E. Porter for discovering and reporting broken flange on wheel under I. C. 100135, train Extra 948 South at Wa- terford, July 29th, thereby preventing possible cause of an accident. Favorable entry has been placed on the service record of Conductor T. H. Campbell for discovering and reporting broken arch bar under car in train Ex- tra 943, South at Grand Junction, July 23rd, thereby preventing possible cause ji dii accident. Dubuque Telegraph-Herald T OHN H. Ward, division account- J ant of the Illinois Central Railroad Co., residing at 193 Fenelon Place is making preparations to take up his new appointment on the Railroad Valuation Board of the Interstate Commerce Commission, which posi- tion he received several days ago. Al- though he has severed his connection with the Illinois Central in the account- ant capacity he is still at his desk, but expects to leave some time during the week. In severing his connection with company means that he will also move from the city. His future home will be in Chicago which is the headquarters of the third district. An Efficient Employe. In Mr. Ward the Illinois Central loses a good man, one who was thor- oughly acquainted with his duties and probably one of the best expert ac- countants on the Illinois Central Sys- tem. He was a trustworthy servant and the officials of the company had considerable confidence in him. For twenty-three years he had been asso- ciated with the Illinois Central and it is only through a promotion that he is leaving. Those who were associated with him in the same department regret his leav- ing. Mr. Ward was not only an ac- countant, but an advisor. He was of- ten called on for suggestion by those in his office. He was ever ready to aid them to the best of his ability. His Life History to Date. John H. Ward was born in Platts- burg, N. Y., September 4, 1875. He moved to Delaware County with his parents shortly after and located on a farm, remaining there until the death of his father in 1882 after which the family located in Manchester, la. He received his education in the public schools of that city, graduating from the High school in the class of 1892. Shortly afterwards he entered the serv- ices of the Illinois Central railroad company in the office of the Road Su- pervisor as clerk, remaining in that position until January 1894 at which time he was transferred to the Road Masters office at Dubuque. He re- mained in Dubuque until March 1896 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 91 when he was transferred to Bridge and Building department at Waterloo, suc- ceeding J. C. Kuhns, who afterwards became purchasing agent for the Illi- nois Central Railroad Co. In January he accepted a position on the St. Louis division as assistant ac- countant in Maintenance of ways de- partment at Carbondale, 111., where that Division's headquarters was and is now located. He remained in that position until July, 1902, when the en- tire accounting system of the I. C. R. R. was reorganized and the division accounts, both Maintenance of Ways and Transportation, was consolidated and placed under the jurisdiction of the Superintendent of each division under one division accountant. Mr. Ward was then placed in charge as account- ant of that division, where he remained in that position until September, 1911, when he was transferred to Dubuque, la., as Division accountant of the Min- nesota Division. Considerable Responsibility. As division accountant he had charge of the accounting of many millions of dollars, covering all branches of rail- road operation and construction, the proper accounting of which required the services of several assistants. During employment with the Illinois Central Railroad Co., he has witnessed a marvelous growth in railroad opera- tion, especially on the I. C. R. R. sys- tem, which has doubled in mileage and more than doubled in importance in the last twenty-five years. The importance of the particular divisions on which he has been employed is evidenced by the fact of the many superintendents that he has worked under have since been advanced to general superintendents and higher positions in the railroad world. Honored With Appointment. In July last a call was issued by the Railroad Valuation Board of the Inter- state Commerce Commission for men familiar with railroad engineering and accounting to fill positions created by the organization of this board, which is to deal exclusively with the valua- tion of all railroad property in the Uni- ted States. Several thousand applications were filed with the Civil Service Exmining Board, out of which three hundred ap- plicants were considered as eligible for appointment. Owing to the nature of the work great care was exercised by the examining board in the selection of men of sufficient experience in rail- road accounting to fill the various po- sitions and in view of this a personal interview was given each of the appli- cants eligible by the chief examiner of the Interstate Commerce Board. Mr. Ward was called for this inter- view to Omaha, Neb., last November, where he was advised that as soon as the board passed on qualifications he would be notified. Recently he was called to Chicago for a personal inter- view and was then advised of the ap- pointment which is to take effect in the near future. This will require Mr. Ward's re- moval to Chicago, that being the head- quarters of the third district, the other four being located at New York, Chat- tanooga, Kansas City and San Fran- cisco. LOCAL * excHAnces THE MIDNIGHT RUN. By John Warner. A mass of metal large and strong, Mounted on wheels to travel along, With her human cargo through the night, Stood like a Phantom in delight, A noble steed is she. Her body quivered, her air pump throbbed, The time is near to flee, With her precious weight of human wealth, Over the old I. C. We'll soon leave Dear Old Chi' behind, Amid our trail of smoke, And roll over the tracks at lightning speed, All records to be broke. Toot, toot, the signal now to start, The journey has begun, The hissing of the steam foretells, That she is on her run. Roll onward, onward, always onward, Don't stop or you'll lose time, But keep your course towards Cham- paign, Old girl, you're doing fine. Such a fine amount of thought com- bined, In one piece of mechanical skill, Assembled into one great power, To run at one man's will. A wooden shell perched on your back, Your master caged within, Is your guiding star, both day and night, And keeps you in good trim. He never boasts about his work, No laurels does he seek, But for a hero, I would look, Into a cab's right seat. He slashes through the wildest gales, An braves the roughest weather, A watchful eye ahead of him, His nerves without a tremor. Now to stop and give her water, For she surely needs a drink, But a little job like this is done, Far quicker than a wink. A scoop of coal or two just now, While he has got the time, We'll get her to the popping point, Then speed her down the line. Over the prairies, fields and dells, Just like a frightened steed, He lets her out another notch, For speed we greatly need. The golden sun is rising, And the sky is clear and bright, The robin sings his sweetest song, As he bids adieu to night. How sweet and fragrant is the air, The flowers in their bloom, It seems to drive away all care, Old nature seems in tune. Our journey now is ended, We can hear the church bells chime, And the whistling of the air brakes, As we roar in, just on time. By Con J. V. Fitch What have you been doing In the month that's past and gone To help a fellow workman As you mingled with -the throng? 92 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 93 Have you done your duty And tried to do your best, If so, you are entitled To a vacation and a rest. Have you tried to help a comrade, Whose burden was bearing him down, Or did you pass on the other side And hardly give him a frown? Rememfber we are all brothers, In office, on track or rail, And if we see a brother err We should not let him fail. But go and take him by the hand, Say brother you are wrong We will help you all we can, If you will make a fight, To do efficient service And try to do what's right. There are only a few more years to live,' Let us watch them as they go, And try each day to do some good To a brother here below. Let us bear each other's burdens, Tho' the storm be at its worst, Be sure to practice courtesy And always Safety First. A Laugh or Two Not Business An old showman tells this one : "I was connected with a weird imi- tation of a circus, with sideshow at- tachment, that used to do the tank- towns of the middle West. Among the curiosities we had was a lovely 'cannibal/ who, lightly clad, used to toy with a spear and glare at the audi- ence in the most frightful manner. "One day there came to the tent wherein was displayed this feature, a clergyman. After gazing a while at the man on the platform, he turned and asked an attendant: "Is this really a cannibal?" " 'Surest thing you know,' said the attendant. 'Do you now how he was captured? That great living curiosity was taken, sir, in the act of boiling an aged Methodist minister over a slow fire.' "The clergyman was horrified. 'Then convert him !" he cried. 'Oh, my friend, why don't you convert him ?' " "The attendant made a gesture of disgust. " 'Convert him !' he repeated. 'Do you think that the public would pay ten cents a head to see a Christian?'" Lip pine ait's. A Dundee minister preached on the text : "Thou are weighed in the balance and art found wanting." After the con- gregation had listened an hour some became weary and went out, greatly to the annoyance of the minister. An- other person started, whereupon the parson stopped his sermon and said: "That's right my friends. As fast as you are weighed pass out." He continued his sermon for some time, but no one disturbed him by leav- ing. Anticipated. He was full of zeal for the tem- perance cause, and was holding a series of lectures in a workman's hall, says Tit-Bits. But the audience was very unkind, and kept interrupting. So much so that at last he hired an ex-prize fighter to keep order. That night the orator contrasted the contents of home life with the squalor of drunkenness. "What is it we want when we return home from our daily toil?" he asked. "What do we want to ease our bur- den, to gladden our hearts, to bring smiles to our faces and joyous songs to our lips?" He paused for effect, and in the ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE silence could be heard the voice of the keeper of the peace : "Mind," he said, "the first bloke that says 'beer' out he goes with a bang." Knocking the Doctor. Here is one that was told by Con- gressman Benjamin G. Humphreys the other night in throwing the harpoon into a medical friend who was a fel- low guest at a banquet. Some time ago the keeper of a mu- seum was engaged in placing some new curios that had just arrived from Egypt, when he noticed a perplexed look on the face of his attendant. "What's the matter, Smith?" he queried, going to the assistant. "Is there anything you don't understand?" "Yes," answered Smith. "Here is a papyrus on which the characters are so badly traced that they are inde- cipherable. How shall I class it?" "Let me see," returned the keeper, examining the curio. "Just call it a doctor's prescription in the time of Pharaoh." Philadelphia Telegraph. Double-Acting Organ. Willie Paw, what is a militant suf- fragette ? Paw A female whose mouth you can't open when she is in jail and can't close when she is out of jail, my son. Cincinnati Enquirer. "Old Mammy's" Reply. Thaddeus Stevens, slavery's most fiery enemy, though at times he could dominate his party could not always control his tongue. While in Congress he had, as cook, an old southern negro, "mammy," who, alone of all the household, stood not in awe of the great statesman. Like all her race, she was devoutly religious, and, though she worshipped her em- ployer for his zealous efforts on behalf of her people, she never failed to take him to task for his intemperate lan- guage. One day she accidentally let fall a trayful of dishes. Stevens, hearing the crash of chinaware, lost his temper and his tongue. "What's all that you're breaking in there?" he asked, angrily, adding many additional words that shocked the aged "mammy." Coming to the door, she looked the angry man squarely in the eyes, and shot at him : "Whatever 'tis I'se a-breakin', it ain't de fo'th com- mandment." St. Louis Globe-Demo- crat. Rest. I wish I was a rock, A sitting on a hill, A doing nothing all day long But just a sitting still. I wouldn't sleep; I wouldn't eat; I wouldn't even wash ; I'd just sit still a thousand years And rest myself, by gosh. The Plural Vote. Senator La Follette, apropos of certain frank confessions in "high fi- nance," said to a reporter : "Candid, at any rate, isn't it? In fact, it's all so very candid that it re- minds me of Uncle Wash White. . "Uncle Wash had been a servant in the Carroll family for many years, and so, when young Charlie Carroll ran for Congress, he naturally expected the old man to support him. Charlie was a good deal disappointed, therefore, when, the day after his defeat, he heard that Wash had voted against him. "He sent for the old man. " 'Uncle Wash/ he said, 'is it true that you voted against me yesterday?' " 'Yas, Mars Charles ; I done voted de Republican ticket,' Uncle Wash ad- mitted " 'Well,' said the defeated candidate. 'I like frankness, anyhow; so here's a dollar for your candor.' "Uncle Wash pouched the dollar. Then he scratched his head, chuckled, and said : " 'Mars Charles, if you's buying can- dor, you owe me fo' dollahs mo' 'kase I voted agin ye five times.' " ILLINOIS DIVISION. Dispatcher W. M. Porter of Kanka- kee off for his annual 10 days' vaca- tion July 22nd, relieved by W. H. Davis. Mr. R. L. Madix has resumed his former position as agent at Otto, com- mencing July 6th. He relieves Mr. Wilkes there, who handled the station during Mr. Madix's absence. Dispatcher Chapman, acting Chief June 29th to July 9th, relieving CWD, who spent his vacation touring the country in his new auto. Car Distributer Walters of Kanka- kee off June 26th to July 5th, relieved by B. E. Pelstring. L. B. McFee relieved Agent West at Buckley July 22nd for 30 days. C. R. Gardiner, agent at Cropsey, on his annual vacation July 6th to the 22nd, was relieved by Extra agent Sal- laday. F. W. Dugan, Jr., acted as agent at Danforth, July 1 to July 20, while Mr. Cailey was off on his annual vacation. Dispatcher E. C. Slingman of Kan- kakee, on his annual vacation during the early part of July, was relieved by Dispatcher Davis. Mr. Slingman oc- cupied most of his time at the ball parks in Chicago and "doing" Ladd, Illinois. Wisconsin Division. The freight handlers at Freeport have organized a baseball team and up to date have given a very creditable account of themselves. The St. Stanis- laus team challenged us to a series of three games which we accepted as good sports should. The first game being played the 14th of July, which we lost after a hard battle by the score of 2 to 0, each side getting three clean hits apiece. The second game was pulled off on Sunday morning, July 26th, which we won by a score of 7 to 6. The deciding game will be played in the near future and no doubt we will go after this game with more "pep" than ever. This morning we received a challenge from the Raleigh Medical Company's team. This company is one of the largest medical companies in the county, so you can see the Freight Handlers are making some people take notice. Lineup. E. Frueh pitcher Moore catcher Fiedericks shortstop Krueger second base Daughenbaugh third base Waldecker first base W. Frueh right field Young center field Reeder left field R. Fisher, from the C. N. W. R. R. umpired with good results. New Orleans Division. Miss Hazel Martin, File Clerk in Supt. Meehan's office has just returned from a two-week vacation spent in Denver visiting relatives and having a good time. Conductor C. R. Day has been off his run a couple of days account of attending Court for the company at New Orleans. Mr. H. R. Davis, assistant engineer at Vicksburg has just returned from his vacation spent in Iowa. Harry re- ports a good time. Mr. A. H. Davis, freight agent Vicks- burg is spending the week fishing on the Little Sunflower. No reports have been received so far from the general 95 96 ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE agent, but we feel satisfied he is hav- ing a good time. J. A. Mitchell has been appointed yard master at Wilson. Mr. J. C. Tate has been appointed night yard master at Wilson. Dispatcher L. L. Prince has return- ed from his 30-day vacation spent in Tennessee and Kentucky with relatives and friends and is again in the harness. Business on the New Orleans Divi- sion is more than holding its own as compared with corresponding period of previous years, which is indeed en- couraging. Mr. T. S. Brignac, general foreman at Baton Rouge, Conductor S. J. Mc- Cauley and party of friends spent a few days last week on the trail of the fishes, near Baton Rouge, returning with catches some twelve hundred. The Wilson station and dispatcher's office were liberally remembered, and wish to thank the gentlemen for their generosity. Train Master Yellowley and Chief Dispatcher Blair made a trip over the Wilson District last week, locating rice loading platforms. Prospects are for a very favorable rice crop this season. Conductor Thomas has been assign- ed to the tie train on the Vicksburg District, which will keep him busy for the next few weeks. Thomas says if he cannot run the "beam train" he can handle the "wood wagons." Engineer J. E. Smith became a bene- dict July llth. The young lady, Miss Nettie Collins, is an accomplished and popular Wilson girl. They certainly have the best wishes of all on their journey through life. In the July issue of the magazine Vicksburg predominated. The Vicks- burg National Military Park never was shown to better advantage than in this paper, the scenes were beautiful. The magazine also contained many scenes of Vicksburg churches, City Hall and many other important buildings. Mr. A. H. Davis had a long article in the July issue of the magazine which was more than appreciated by all who were lucky enough to get a book. Tennessee Division. Base Ball News. On the 26th of June, Central League Base Ball Association of Birmingham was organized composed of eight of the swiftest amateur teams of the city, namely: Illinois Central, Central of Georgia, Louisville & Nashville, First National Bank, Thomas, Southern Ad., ,1 Roberts & Sons, Inglenook. Four games have been played with the following result: Played Won Lost Pet. Illinois Central. 440 1000 L. & N 4 4 1000 Thomas 4 2 2 .500 First Nat'l Bank 413 .250 Roberts & Sons 413 .250 Southern Ad. . . 4 4 .000 Inglenook 4 4 .000 C. of Ga 4 4 .000 Illinois Central have on their uniforms "I. C. R. R., Safety First," which has so far been appropriate, as in all games safety first has been used, with the re- sult that no games have been lost. Illinois Central team is composed of the following players : H. G. Bridgewater. F. H. Venn. Joe Rouss. Sam Capri. Claud Capri. Tom Graffo. Tom Britton. William Land. Wm. Dent. J. R. McCray. Percy Adkinson. Tom Walker. Joe Dorroh. J. N. Gallagher. Lloyd Walker. Dave Murrel. Line-up as follows: J. W. McCray, c. ILLINOIS CENTRAL MAGAZINE 97 Joe Dorroh, p. Claud Capri, 1 b. Tom Graffo, c. f. Joe Rouss, 2 b. Wm. Dent, 3 b. P. Adkinson, 1. f. Sam Capri, r. f. Tom Walker, s. s. The rest of the players are used as utility men. The I. C. team consists of shop employes. Scheduled game is played each Saturday afternoon at 4 p. m. Wimberly & Thomas Hardware Co. have offered a $100 loving cup as a trophy to the winning team in this league. Louisiana Division. Baseball News Played Won Lost Pet. Road Dept 330 .1000 Mechanical 5 3 2 .600 .500 .500 .500 .400 .400 Locals 4 Car Dept 6 Stuy. Docks 4 Harahan 5 Transportation .. 5 Electricals , . 4 .250 Results Saturday, July 4th Road, 13; Electricals, 0. Results Sunday, July 5th Mechanicals, 4; Transportation, 3. Harahan, 9 ; Car Dept., 6. Results Saturday, July llth Road, 7; Locals, 3. Results Sunday, July 12th Transportation, 6; Car Dept, 1. Stuy. Docks, 3; Mechanical, 1. Results Sunday, July 19th Road, 9; Mechanical, 3. Car Dept., 2 ; Stuy. Docks, 1. Electricals, 5 ; Harahan, 1. Results Sunday, July 26th Car Dept., 9; Locals, 5. Stuy. Docks,. 7 ; Transportation, 1. Mechanicals, 4; Harahan, 3. The Illinois Central Base Ball League has just completed the sixth week of its series of games. Quite a change has taken place in the standing of the teams, and a hot race is on for the pennant and the championship of the league. The Locals, formerly the league lead- ers, have dropped down to third place, while the Road Department still retain the lead, having won three out of three. This team is perhaps the strongest if the league. The Car Department team and Stuy. Docks have shown considerable strength during the last two weeks, and with the Locals and the Road promise a merry race for the pennant. The Mechanicals are still in second place, while the Transportation and Har- ahan teams have taken a slump and gone down to seventh and sixth places, respectively. They seem to have had a streak of "bad luck." The Electricals, the "tail-enders," still persistently maintain their place at the bottom, but they won, very handily, the last game played, defeating Harahan 5 to 1. With a little strengthening, this team can contend with any in the league. The Illinois Central Base Ball League has finished one-half of its season, and by the next issue of the Magazine will have but a week or two more to play. JUST A MOMENT Illinois Central and also "Always Safety FirstButtons" in Solid Gold $1.00 each i.oag service "on the road" has taught me a definite knowledge of railroad men's requirements Let me tell you about ' my high grade Railroad Watches and quote you prices. I know what[ Railroads require and can satisfy you on prices STOP AND THINK of this when you want real high grade, dependable jewelry at the right price*. I invite your personal inspection of my stock, and a rigid investigation of my methods. "Ask any of the 'boys' on the road" Goods sent on approval where personal inspection cannot be made. MILTON PENCE, Hi * h S a d d ^ e a Tr?nT Diamond ' 401 Hey worth Building, Chicago Please mention this magazine when writing to advertisers. N. T. BURROUGHS, President JOB CHURCHILL, Vice-Pres. R. B. McMAHON, Treasurer T. P. McMAHON, Secy. & Mgr. The McMahon Grocery Company Wholesale Grocers Long Distance Telephone No. 230 Greenville, Miss. L. W. WINEMAN ' A. V. WINEMAN ROBT. P. 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