UNIVERSITY OF 

ILL ?RARY 

AT U.. AMPAIGN 

ILL HIS i. SURVEY 









A STANDARD HISTORY 

OF 

CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

ILLINOIS 



An Authentic Narrative of the Past, with Particular 

Attention to the Modern Era in the Commercial, 

Industrial, Civic and Social Development. 

A Chronicle of the People, with 

Family Lineage and Memoirs 



J. R. STEWART 

Supervising Editor 

Assisted by a Board of Advisory Editors 



VOLUME I 



ILLUSTRATED 



THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 

CHICAGO AND NEW YORK 

1918 



ILLINOIS HISTORICAL SURVEY 






PREFACE 

Champaign County is representative of all that is best in American 
life. To the state and the country at large it is chiefly known for its 
extraordinary agricultural capacity and for the great University which 
has been planted in its midst, and which has drawn to its territory 
thousands of able and inspiring men and women. Many have remained 
to become a part of its higher life, both in intellectual and moral en- 
deavors. Those who know Champaign County more intimately, natives 
or old-time residents, also appreciate the. solidity of its material wealth 
and the sturdy fiber of its sons and daughters. There is no county in 
the United States which has been more faithfully cultivated and the 
richness of whose soil has been conserved in a more intelligent and 
scientific manner. The grains, the fruits and the live stock of the 
county, the artificial drainage, and the various auxiliaries to wholesome 
and prosperous living, are of the same high grade as its men and women. 

All that is best in American life, as we find it illustrated in Cham- 
paign County, has been set forth in this work, as far as the strength, the 
industry and the ability of the editor, with the invaluable assistance of 
his associates, could realize the high and broad aim of the history. In 
this connection we cannot but refer in sorrow to the death of Judge 
J. 0. Cunningham, who, though feeble in health as the work progressed, 
freely gave of his time and advice. Had he not been called away, he 
would have made several special contributions to this history. It has 
been thought both wise and expedient, therefore, to make generous 
extracts from the history which he had already published. 

In taking farewell of Judge Cunningham and this history of Cham- 
paign County, it is appropriate to call special attention to the prospectus 
which was issued by the company of publication, a paper which was a 
promise to those interested in the progress of the county, to cover a 
multitude of topics relating to its past and present activities; and, as 
the history goes forth, to assert that all the promises therein contained 
have been fulfilled, as far as is humanly possible. 

J. R. STEWART. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PAGE 

CHAPTEE I 
PHYSICAL FEATURES : 1 

CHAPTER II 
HISTORIC RULE OF THE WHITES 35 

CHAPTER III 
FLEETING GLIMPSES OF THE RED MAN ; 86 

CHAPTER IV 
PIONEER SETTLERS AND EVENTS 96 

CHAPTER V 
COUNTY MATTERS AND INSTITUTIONS 135 

CHAPTER VI 
LEGAL AND MEDICAL 172 

CHAPTER VII 
SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS 212 

CHAPTER VIII 
THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 239 

CHAPTER IX 
THE RAILROADS 329 

CHAPTER X 
COUNTY'S MILITARY RECORD 351 

V 



vi HISTOKY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

PAGE 

CHAPTEK XI 
TOWNSHIP AND CITY OF CHAMPAIGN 365 

CHAPTBE XII 
URBANA TOWNSHIP AND CITY 422 

CHAPTER XIII 
EANTOUL TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE 457 

CHAPTER XIV 
HOMER VILLAGE AND SOUTH HOMER TOWNSHIP 469 

CHAPTER XV 
BROWN TOWNSHIP AND FISHER 477 

CHAPTER XVI 



ST. JOSEPH TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE 482 

CHAPTER XVII 
MAHOMET TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE 489 

CHAPTER XVIII 
TOLONO AND SIDNEY TOWNSHIPS 496 

CHAPTER XIX 
AYERS AND RAYMOND TOWNSHIPS 505 

CHAPTER XX 
SADORUS AND PESOTUM TOWNSHIPS 510 

.CHAPTER XXI 
PHILO AND OGDEN TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES 514 

CHAPTER XXII 
OTHER TOWNSHIPS, VILLAGES AXD STATIONS 518 



INDEX 



Abbott, S. C., 491 

Abbott, W. G., 410 

Accredited high schools, 316 

Adams, Charles E., 394 

Adams, E. F., 385 

Adams, G. H., 396 

Adams, N. H., 207 

Adams, Noble, 492 

Adkins, Lewis, 120 

Adkins Point, 5, 120 

Agricultural and Industrial University, 
242 

Agricultural Experiment Station, 265, 312 

Agricultural societies, 26 

Agricultural university extension serv- 
ice, 320 

Akers, George, 139, 163 

Alblinger, A. F., 513 

Albright, A. C., 206 

Alexander, J. O., 585 

Algonquins, 86 

Allen, A. A., 487 

Allen, F. M., 430 

Allen, Henry, 507 

Allender, John, 395 

Allison, Harvey, 1022 

Allison, W. H., 481 

Altitudes, 6 

Ambraw settlement, 3 

American civil government northwesf of 
the Ohio, 66 

Amsbary, F. C., 383, 391, 412, 632 

Amsler, Arthur C., 509 

Amsler, Clyde C., 509 

Andel, Casimer, 361 

Anders, Elijah J., 876 

Anderson, A. G., 509 

Anderson, David, 96, 99 

Anderson, W. B., 445 

Andrews, E. N., 395 

Angel, J. H., 382 

Appellate courts, 182 

Apple growers, 22 

Apples, 22 

Archdeacon, William, 355 

Argo, M. H., 920 

Armentrout, A. C., 396 

Armory and Aviation Corps (view), 361 

Arms, A. A. 983 

Arnold, I. B., 388 

Artificial drainage, 13 

Asher, Levi, 218 

Aspern, Henry F., 389 



Ater, Edward, 159, 164, 187, 431 

Atherton, George W., 387, 388 

Atkinson, Samuel P., 383, 410, 552 

Atkinson, W. E., 432 

Atwood, Green, 145, 164, 471 

Austin, John H., 355 

Avey, Francis M., 628 

Ayers, Alexander M., 187, 359 

Ayers, Homer W., 359 

Ayers township, 505-509 

Babb, Charles, 646 

Babb, Charles D., 957 

Babb, Edwin P., 608 

Babb, George J., 373, 757 

Babb, Milton, 608 

Babcock, Kendric C., 303, 305, 306 

Bacon, Mrs. Jonathan, 382, 407 

Baddeley, Charles, 382 

Baddeley, C. H., 419 

Baddeley, John C., 344, 368 

Baddeley, T. J., 420 

Bagley, William C., 306 

Bailey, David, 414, 589 

Bailey, Edward, 359, 414, 591 

Bailey, Fred S., 667 

Bailey, John, 516 

Bainum, J. H., 410 

Baird, Harriet, 947 

Baird, L. W., 947 

Baker, Charles E., 420 

Baker, Edward C., 971 

Baker, Garrett H., 454 

Baker, I. A., 475 

Baker, James C., 447 

Ball, R. G., 478 

Ballantine, Henry W., 303, 305 

Banes, E., 221 

Bank founded in West Urbana, 370 

Bank of Broadlands, 508 

Bank of Tolono, 498 

Banking legislation, 81 

Bar (see Lawyers) 

Barber, James, 975 

Barnes, 'N. O., 476 

Bartholomew, James M., 202 

Bartholow, E. C., 210, 211 

Bartholow, J. M., 205 

Bartley, Benjamin, 483 

Bartley, George, 483 

Bartley, Jacob, 139, 163j 483, 486 

Bartley, Sarah, 484 

Bartling, Henry, 360 



Vlll 



INDEX 



Barton, R. S. 385 

Barton, W. F., 476 

Bartow, Edward, 314 

Bassett, Rollo 8., 576 

BatcMor, S. W., 401 

Bauman, C. P., 493 

Baxter, Noah, 129 

Beach, B. C., 373, 388, 389, 520 

Beach, H. C., 388 

Bear, Henry C., 732 

Bear, Lou N., 164 

Beard, Joseph H., 304 

Beardsley, George F., 382, 383, 393, 410 

Beardsley, H., 388 

Beardsley park, 393 

Bearse, S. L., 203 

Beasley, A. W., 420 

Beasley, J. S., 382 

Beasley, Nat C., 419, 420 

Beck, J. N., 410 

Beck, William C., 430 

Beckley, Isaac G., 119 

Beers, John N., 383, 391, 419 

Behrens, ^Herman H., 858 

Beidler, Aaron, 387, 388 

Beidler, Annie M., 389 

Beiser, Frederick, 367 

Bench (see Courts and Judges) 

Benedict, J. A., 223 

Bengtson, Engward, 745 

Bennett, J., 473 

Bensyl, J. B., 1045 

Bensyl, J. W., 901 

Bercher, Theodore, 431 

Berger, A. J., 394 

Berkley, T. P., 918 

Berks, Henry W., 383, 389, 413, 419, 420 

Besore, C. A., 431 

Betzer, I. L., 387 

Bevier, Isabel, 323 

Bialeschke, Herman J., 1030 

Biekley, Samuel G., 131 

Big Elm, Where Lincoln made Famous 

Speech (view), 153 
Big Four (Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago 

& St. Louis Railroad), 348 
Big Grove, 2, 120, 136, 141 
Bigelow, Edward, 385, 410 
Bill, A. J., 479 
Birch, Charles, 722 
Birds as insect destroyers, 14 
Birdsell, E. L, 207 
Bireline, Leo H., 619 
Birney, S. H., 203, 205, 211, 355 
Bishop, Thomas, 431 
Black Hawk War, 352, 353 
Black, John C., 192 
Blaine, Boyd S., 420, 586 
Elaine, Scott W., 953 
Blaine, Shields A., 373, 414 
Blanchard, W. W., 369, 394 
Blasberg, D., 508 
Block, 348 



Block, Theodore L., 639 

Blue, Anthony H., 696 

Blue, J. H., 640 

Blue, L. H., 715 

Board of examiners in accountancy, 315 

Bocock, John W., 924 

Boggs, Franklin H., 183, 403, 431 

Bois, J. J., 464 

Boland, J. T., 373 

Bondville, 206, 347, 521 

Bongard, 348 

Bongart, M., 410 

Bowen, E. L., 473 

Bowen, H. F., 394 

Bowen, William, 388 

Bower, H. S., 498 

Bower, Robert A., 211, 497 

Bower, R. A., Jr., 498 

Bower, S. M., 498 

Bower, William T., 498 

Bowermaster, James A., 420 

Bowman, Ray L., 389 

Bowsher, C. A., 385 

Bowse's Grove, 3 

Boyd, James, 124 

Boyd, James W., 92 

Boyden, Ezekiel, 356, 431 

Boys, Charles, 851 

Bradley, Benjamin C., 6, 463 

Bradley, Daniel, 355 \? 

Bradshaw, Arthur, 147, 151, 444, 445, 473 

Bradshaw, Jacob, 164 

Brand, Alonzo S., 1030 

Brauer, Asahel, 177 

Brayshaw, Joseph, 945 

Breese, Sidney, 334, 340 

Brennon, Cornelia, 1065 

Brennon, Patrick, 1065 

Bridges, 145 

Broadlands, 206, 348, 505, 507 

Broadlands Grain and Coal Company, 507 

Bronson, Howard G., 330 

Browder, Olin L., 431, 672 

Brown, Anderson, 463 

Brown, F. M., 420 

Brown, George C., 1028 

Brown, James N., 299 

Brown, John W., 1023 

Brown, Myron S., 202, 203, 356, 431 

Brown, Robert H., 203, 356 

Brown, Seely, 420 

Brown, Steven, 478 

Brown township, 477, 478 

Brown, William B., 888 

Brownell, Chester D., 412, 786 

Brownfield, Henry M., 926 

Brownfield, John, 120, 163, 185, 218, 351 

Brownfield Road, 129 

Brownfield, Robert, 124, 351 

Brownlee, Jas. H., 431 

Bruer, Asahel, 147, 223 

Bruner, F. C., 445 

Bryan, John, 5, 489 



INDEX 



IX 



Bryan 's Ford, 5 

Bryant, Martin S., 446 

Buch, Jacob, 165, 410 

Buchan, Jay G., 808 

Buck, Catherine, 758 

Buck, Eli, 758 

Buck Grove, 521 

Buck, Thomas, 663 

Buhs, Herman H., 989 

Buhs, John C., 990 

Building and Loan Associations, 84 

Bullock, H. E., 465 

Bundy, Herman W., 1029 

Bunn, D. P., 447 

Burbee, Charles L., 454 

Burke, A. M., 414 

Burke, E. I., 414 

Burke, P. B., 164 

Burkhardt, C. B., 474 

Burnham, Albert C., 387, 388, 405, 408, 

412, 626 
Burnham Athaeneum, Champaign, 387; 

(view), 386 

Burnham, Mrs. A. C., 383, 407 
Burnham Hospital (view), 404 
Burnham, Julia F., 405, 408 
Burnham, Julia F., Endowment Fund, 

388 

Burnham, Eobert D., 389, 409, 627 
Burning of the High School, Mahomet 

(view), 492 

Burr, Ellis M., 164, 412 
Burr, George W., 165 
Burr Oak Grove, 4, 516 
Burres, W. F., 205, 206 
Burrill, Mrs. T. J., 407 
Burrill, Thomas J., 268, 271, 307, 433 
Burrows, A. T., 439 
Burt, Benjamin, 359 
Burt, Thomas A., 164, 454 
Burton, E. V., 165 
Burton, William D., 561 
Burwash, Margaret, 691 
Burwash, Samuel L., 690 
Burwash, Thomas N., 202 
Busch, Louis A., 165, 530 
Busey, Clyde L., 970 
Busey, George W., 118, 414, 454 
Busey, Isaac, 119, 120, 122, 133, 139, 

163, 428, 429, 489 
Busey, James S., 423 
Busey, Martin K., 922 
Busey, Mary E., 558 
Busey, Matthew, 141, 143 
Busey, Matthew W., 118, 145, 164, 404, 

409, 414, 452, 454, 558 
Busey, Matthew W. (Colonel), 117, 118, 

119, 122, 146, 147, 161, 185, 366, 429 
Busey, Mrs. M. W., 409 
Busey, Mrs. 8. T., 408, 437, 456 
Busey Memorial Library (see Urbana 

Free Library) 
Busey, Paul G., 454 



Busey, Samuel T., 119, 354, 357, 431, 

452, 556 

Busey, Simeon H., 117, 452 
Busey 's State Bank, 452, 454 
Butler, M., 445 
Butler, N., 383 

Butler, Thomas L., 119, 353, 499 
Butterfield, James, 360 
Butzow, Edward, 1058 
Butzow, Jennie, 1060 
Byerly, A. C., 445 
Byers, Mijamin, 136, 144 

Cain, Patrick H., 873 

Cairo City & Canal Company, 336 

Cadet Brigade, University of Illinois, 363 

Caldwell, C. Maxwell, 609 

Campbell, Alexander, 498 

Campbell, Archa, 164, 185, 186, 346, 430, 
431, 459 

Campbell, Archibald B., 498, 1021 

Campbell, Felix G., 742 

Campbell, John, 345 

Campbell, J. M., 410 

Campbell, Lewis, 499 

Campbell, Peter S., 647 

Campbell, T. H., 164 

Canning Club in Action (view), 30 

Cannon, Daniel D., 164 

Cannon, Joseph G., 164, 181 

Cannon, J. H., 448 

Capital moved to Springfield, 78 

Capron, Hazen S., 389, 414, 547 

Capron, Mrs. H. S., 407 

Carle, A. G., 430 

Carley, Mark, 368, 370, 569 

Carman, I. N., 401 

Carman, Mrs. A. P., 407 

Carnahan, Mrs. D. F., 407 

Games, Columbus, 463 

Carpenter, J. C., 503 

Carroll, P. D., 445 

Carrothers, John, 439 

Carter, Florence E., 389 

Carter, Joseph, 385 

Carter, Mrs. Joseph, 409 

Cartwright, Peter, 444 

Catron, A., 208 

Cavalry Companies in the Civil War, 360 

Central Illinois counties, early isolation 
of, 330 

Central Illinois Gazette, 415 

Central School, Champaign, 380 

Ceramic engineering, 322 

Cereals, 13, 21 

Chaffee, D. H., 497 

Chaffee, Herman, 201, 209 

Chamberlin, T. C., 314 

Chambers, William M., 211 

Champaign and Urbana Gas, Light & 

Coke Company, 349 

Champaign and Urbana Water Com- 
pany, 350, 390 



INDEX 



Champaign and Urbana Water Works 
(view), 390 

Champaign and Urbana Wnan's Club, 
409 

Champaign Art Club, 406 

Champaign (township and city), 206, 
349, 365-421; first buildings erected 
in, 368; name adopted, 369; commis- 
sion form of government, 371; mayors, 
373; public school buildings, 377-382; 
West High School, 379; newspapers, 
415. 

Champaign Chamber of Commerce, 410 

Champaign Chapter No. 50, B. A. M., 420 

Champaign Commandery No. 68, K. T., 
420 

Champaign County Agricultural, Horti- 
cultural and Mechanical Association, 28 

Champaign County Fair and Driving 
Association, 29, 432 

Champaign County Farmers' Institute, 
29, 32 

Champaign County Country Club, 409 

Champaign County Herald, 439 

Champaign County Medical Society, 203 

Champaign County News, 416, 685 

Champaign Gazette, 415 

Champaign High School, 376, 382 

Champaign High School (view), 374 

Champaign High School (1893), (view), 
384 

Champaign High School (1913), (view), 
384 

Champaign Lodge No. 333, I. O. O. F., 
420 

Champaign Masonry (by Edwin A. 
Kratz), 416 

Champaign National Bank, 414 

Champaign Social Science Club, 408 

Chandler, Guy B., 459 

Chanute Aviation Field, Eantoul, 467 

Chase, S. W. D., 441, 444 

Chapin, Dennis, 514 

Chapin, E. B., 416, 498 

Chapin, E. J., 498 

Chapman, Bert L., 973 

Cheever, D. A., 388 t 

Chenoweth, Charles, 814 

Cherry Grove, 4 

Cherry, Henry, 824 

Chester, Elias, 366 

Chester, E. E., 366, 373 

Chester, E. O., 366, 409 

Chicago & Eastern Illinois Eailroad, 348, 
509, 516 

Chicago & Indiana Coal Company, 348 

Childs, I. C., 387 

Choate, Sidney G., 361 

Cholera epidemic of 1834, 194 

Cholera epidemic of 1854, 199, 200 

Church, John W., 892 

Churchill, E. Clarence, 509, 1004 

Churchill, Jason E., 908 



Christian, A. M., 497 

Christian Church, Fisher, 481 

Circular hunt, 128 

Circuit Court, 159, 173, 175, 178, 180, 
181, 183, 429; first term, 150 

Cities, population (1833-1917), 169 

City of Champaign, 370 

City Park (see White Park), Champaign 

Citizens Bank of Tolono, 498 

Citizens State Bank, Champaign, 414 

Civil War, 354-360 

Clark, Cyrus S., 164 

Clark, Florence W., 404 

Clark, Henry B., 1033 

Clark, Jessie, 1034 

Clark, John, 614 

Clark, John A., 616 

Clark, Nathan M., 164, 344, 354, 359, 368 

Clark, Thomas A., 303, 304, 387 

Clark, William G., 516 

Cleghorn, A., 401 

Clements, James, 163, 164 

Clennon, Martin J., 874 

Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
Eailroad, 348 

Cline, Eoy E., 814 

Clippinger, E. W., 394 

Coe, C. S., 512 

Coffeen, M. D., 470, 472 

Coffman, David H., 750 

Coffman, Harry A., 751 

Coffman, William H., 360, 410, 599 

Coggeshall, Fielding A., 165 

Coggeshall, Job S., 207 

Cogswell, George E., 420 

Cohen, Sidney, 361 

Cole, George, 503 

Cole, Morris F., 885 

Cole, W. E., 550 

Coler, William N., 189, 354, 356, 366, 430, 
438 

Collan, B. A., 420 

College of Agriculture, 284, 320 

College of Dentistry organized, 274 

College of Engineering founded, 256 

College yell adopted, 297 

Collison, Fred, 414 

Collison, Louis G., 666 

Colonel Nodine Post No. 140, G. A. E., 
409 

Columbia, C. F., 382, 420 

Colvin, Thomas J., 561 

Commercial Bank, Champaign, 414 

Commercial Bank, Philo, 515 

Commission form of government in Cham- 
paign, 371 

Company A, Twentieth Illinois Infan- 
try, 355 

Company M, Fourth Eegiment, I. N. G., 
360 

Compromise Township, 521 

Concrete Wallows for Swine (view), 27 

Conger, Josiah, 120, 500 



INDEX 



XI 



Conkey, A. J., 476 

Conkey, Frank M., 951 

Conkey, Lillian, 475 

Conkey, William A., 110, 197, 207, 473 

Conklin, J. C., 388 

Conner, Wilson, 605 

Connor, Patrick, 654 

Clark, Anna S., 407 

Constitution of 1848, 80 

Constitution of 1870, 84 

Coogler, F. 8., 420 

Cook, John, 496 

Cook, Isham, 123, 130 

Cook, Orie A., 906 . 

Coolley, L. H., 508 

Coolley, William A., 508, 1034 

Coons, Emma, 940 

Coons, Jacob S., 939 

Cooper, Albert E., 1005 

Cooper, Charles, 218 

Cooper, George, 491 

Cooter, David, 478 

Corbett, J. A., 498 

Corbly, Lindsey, 703 

Cord, Truman O., 946 

Core, Henry C., 164 

Core, James, 203, 207, 210 

Corn, 13, (view) 24 

Corray's Grove, 4 

Cotton, Charlie N., 957 

Coughlin, William, 373 

Country Club House and Grounds 

(view), 410 

County Court, 159, 186 
County divided into election districts, 

140 

County finances, 167, (1846) 148 
County Jail, First (view), 146 
Countv judges, 186 
County of Illinois, 64, 66 
County poor farm, 163 
County seat contest, 140 
County seat fixed, 132 
County superintendents of schools, 228 
County teachers' institutes, 227 
Court of county commissioners created, 

159 
Courthouse, Jail and Sheriff's Residence 

(1901) (view), 160 
Courthouses, 144, 149, 152, 158, 159, 177, 

219 

Courtney, William E., 361 
Courts, 173-188 
Cow (view), 108 
Cowden, James, 484 
Cox, David, 164 
Coyle, Anthony, 1053 
Craig, C. M., 205 
Craigmile, Alexander, 555 
Crandall, Charles E., 439 
Crandall, David S., 438 
Crane, A. Jackson, 203 
Crane, F., 445 



Crane, Lauzarah V., 785 

Craven, Ben. J., 410 

Crawford, Augustus, 223 

Crawford, Augustus S., 520 

Creamer, James A., 498, 1023 

Creative Act of Champaign County, 137 

Cromer, John C., 475 

Cross, Abraham, 465 

Cross, F. E., 465 

"Crusher," noted cavalry horse, 1054 

Crystal Lake Park, Urbana (view), 432 

Culver, J. D., 207 

Cummings, J. W., 448 

Cunningham, A. P., 343, 410, 431 

Cunningham Children's Home, 448, 
(view) 449 

Cunningham Deaconess Home and Or- 
phanage (see Cunningham Children's 
Home) 

Cunningham, George N., 389, 754 

Cunningham, J. O., 134, 146, 152, 187, 
227, 344, 415, 427, 432, 438, 448, 527 

Cunningham, Mary M., 528 

Cuppernell, Delia, 1017 

Cuppernell, Mary M., 1016 

Cuppernell, Mayme, 1017 

Cuppernell, Merit V., 1016 

Current, Fay E., 473, 476 

Current, James M., 1014 

Curtis, George W., 454 

Cushing, H. E., 205 

Cushing, Mrs. H. E., 407 

Custer, Benjamin M., 1039 

Custer, James, 520 

Cutcheon, L. M., 227 

Dairy products, 14 

Dale, Charles W., 487, 1047 

Dale, F. L., 487 

Dale, William O., 790 

Dallenbach, J. J., 417, 419 

Dallenbach, John C., 677 

Daly, Charles A., 515, 860 

Danville, Urbana & Champaign Eailway 

Company, 35 
Danville, Urbana, Bloomington & Pekin 

Eailroad, 426 
Darrah, A. T., 203, 204 
Davenport, Eugene, 303, 305, 312, 322 
Davidson, George W., 391 
Davidson, James W., 164, 419 
Davidson, Mrs. J. T., 408 
Davies, James M., 164, 431 
Davis, David, 180 
Davis, George W., 164 
Davis, Henry E., 1049 
Davis, Henry K., 438 
Davis, Jehu E., 1015 
Davis, Joseph, 500 
Davis, Josiah, 447 
Davis, Maud, 1049 
Davis, Oliver L., 181 
Davis, W. A., 449 



Xll 



INDEX 



Day, Jeremiah, 520 

Day, W. A., 373 

Day, William, 391 

Day, William B., 306 

Dead Man 's Grove, 4 

Dean, James, 131 

Dean of Women's Department created, 

274 

DeBurn, Eugene, 387 
Decker, Charles G., 1009 
Decker, T. H., 480 
Delaney, Frank, 846 
DeLong Brothers, 1027 
DeLong, Edward B., 1027 
DeLong, William H., 1027 
Denhart, Louis, 972 
Denhart, Sophia, 972 
Denton, F. D., 503 

Department of Domestic Science estab- 
lished, 297 
Department of Forestry and Landscape 

Gardening established, 298 
Dewey, 347, 523 
Dewey Bank, 523 
Dewey, M. A., 32 
DeWolf, Frank W., 315 
Dick, Jesse N., 1063 
Dickerson, J., 373 
Diller, F. S., 205 
Dilley, Charles, 349 
Dillon, William, 205 
Dillsburg, 520 
Dillsburg Township, 520 
Diseases, 123 
Divan, Isaac, 928 
Dobbins, Oliver B., 373, 578 
Dobson, Carl, 478 
Dobson, Franklin, 459, 523 
Dodds, J. C., 205 
Dodds, Joseph, 807 
Dodge, John W., 459, 463, 519 
Dodson, Ira H., 1050 
Dodson, Levi, 373 
Dollinger, F., 388 
Donaldson, Tiffin, 222 
Dorcas Society, Champaign, 406 
Doty, George E., 361 
Downing, William J., 778 
Downs, Nancy I., 896 
Draper, Andrew S., 271, 275, 279 
Draper, Mrs. A. A., 447 
Dresser, D. W., 402 
Drift, 8 

Driskell, George, 648 
Duncan, Joseph, 77 
Duncan school law, 215 
Dundas, J. W., 481 
Dunham, John, 126, 440 
Dunlap, H. J., 21, 29, 367, 415, 420 
Dunlap, H. M., 367 
Dunlap, Mrs. H. M., 408 
Dunlap, M. L., 21, 23, 157, 366, 417 



Dunlap Orchards, Savoy (view), 367 
Dunn, J. B., 884 
Dunn, Matison F., 905 
Dutch Flats, 6 
Dyer, C., 32 

Eads, Frank, 463 

Eads, Luther, 462 

Eads, L. T., 165 

Eagleton, Charles M., 760 

Ealey, W. M., 714 

Earhart, W. R., 452 

Early deaths, 123 

Early tax payers, 132 

Early, Thomas J., 983 

Earnest, William W., 385, 529. 

East Bend Township, 522 

East High School, Champaign, 379 

Eaton, David, 514 

Eaton, Lucius, 514 

Eaton, T. C., 447 

Edens, Henry J. F., 989 

Edgar, J. P., 473 

Educational (see Schools and Teachers) 

Edwards, James L., 908 

Ekblaw, Andrew, 775 

Elder, James G, 206 

Elliott, Amos, 857 

Elliott, Mrs. W. J., 475 

Emmanuel Episcopal Church, Cham- , 
paign, 401 

Emmanuel Memorial Church (see Em- 
manuel Episcopal Church, Cham- 
paign) 

Engineering Experiment Station, 312, 
316 

English Brothers, 593 

English, Edward C., Jr., 593 

English, Richard C., 593 

Episcopal Church, Hantoul, 465 

Erb, John L., 306 

Ernst, Ferdinand, 75 

Esworthy, J. R., 597 

Evangelical Lutheran Immanuel Church, 
Broadlands, 508 

Evangelical Lutheran Church, Cham- 
paign, 396 

Evans, Augustus M., 164, 691 

Evans, Joseph, 366 

Evans, William F., 763 

Exton, George W., 431 

Exton, T. J., 205 

Eycleshymer, Albert C., 303 

Fagaly, F. M., 819 
Fair Association, 29 
Fairclo, George C., 693 
Fairfield, Charles, 833 
Farlow, Lawrence E., 883 
Farm Bureau, 34 
Farmers' Club, 29 

Farmers' Elevator Company, Rantoul, 
464 



INDEX 



Xlll 



Farnam, Jeffrey A., 344, 368 

Farr, A. ii., 400 

Faulkner, L. W., 420 

Fay, A. F., 454 

Fenimore, Alice, 1068 

Fenimore, George W., 1067 

Fenwick, M., 909 

Ferguson, William, 480 

Fernald, W. J., 205 

Ficklin, O. B., 178 

Fielder, Charles, 124 

Fielder, Runnel, 101. 121, 122, 136, 428 

Filbey, Edward J., 303 

Filson, J. E., 420 

Finch, J. H., 205 

Finfrock, Chancy L., 710 

Fiock, John, 582 

Fiock, Mary E., 583 

Fire of 1866 (Champaign), 371 

First assessment in county (1833), 165 

First Baptist Church, Champaign, 400 

First Baptist Church, Urbana, 445 

First Brick House in Urbana (1841) 

(view), 453 

First bridge in the county, 486 
First Champaign High School (West 

Side) (view), 381 

First Christian Church, Urbana, 447 
First Church of Christ Scientist, Cham- 
paign, 403 

First Congregational Church, Cham- 
paign, 369, 394 

First counties of Illinois state, 73 
First county jail, 146 
First criminal indictment, 176 
First East Side High School (view), 

381 
First Henry Sadorus Home (1824) 

(view), 511 
First land entries, 122 
First Methodist Episcopal Church, 

Champaign, 395 

First Methodist Episcopal Church, Ur- 
bana Mill, 442 
First murder trial, 179 
First National Bank of Champaign, 

413, 545 

First National Bank, Ogden, 517 
First National Bank, Urbana, 454 
First organized drainage district, 486 
First poor farm in the county, 486 
First Presbyterian. Church, Champaign, 

368, 393 

First Presbyterian Church, Urbana, 446 
First public park in county, 344 
First public school in Champagin, 369 
First railroad enters Urbana, 343 
First School in Cha/npaign (view), 378 
First Schoolhouse Built near Urbana 

(1832) (view), 217 

First school on the Sangamon Eiver, 
218 



First state constitutional convention, 71 

First state officers, 72 

First State Trust and Savings Bank, 

Urbana, 454 

First University Bank, Urbana, 455 
First voting precincts, 136 
Fisher, 206, 478 ' 
Fisher, David G., 624 
Fisher electric light plant, 479 
Fisher, Luther, 503 
Fisher Reporter, 479 
Fisher, R. T., 165 
Fisher Times, 479 
Flannigan, A. S., 445 
Flannigan, Joseph, 499 
Flatt, Alba J., 520, 777 
Flatt, Ross A., 520, 1045 
Flatville, 522 
Fleming, S. L., 420 
Fletcher, Mary A., 222, 385 
Flower, Lucy L., 265 
Fluck, M. J. A., 420 
Flynn, B. F., 399 
Flynn, George W., 356, 415, 438 
Foos farm, 478 
Foos, F. W., 478 
Foosland, 206, 348, 478 
Foos, William, 478 
Foote, W. J., 165 
Forbes, Mrs. S. A., 408, 409 
Forbes, Stephen A., 313 
Ford, Caswell P., 356 
Ford, John, 484 
Fords, 5 
Fort Chartres, 51, 57, 60; passes into 

British hands, 58 
Fort Clark, 101 
Fort Crevecoeur, 47, 48 
Foster, William P., 174 
Fowler, Leland S., 634 
Fowler, W. B., 417 
Fowler, Xenophon M., 449 
Fox, J., 445 

Fox, Samuel C., 164, 431 
Frame, John S., 394 
Frame, Robert A., 359 
Frampton, Mrs. M. M., 389 
Francis, W. G., 504 
Franks, George B., 373, 734 
Franks, Richard M., 936 
Frawley, W. E., 400 
Frederick, Eugene P., 360 
Free School Law of 1825, 77 
Freeman, Elias, 828 
Freeman, James J., 1038 
Freeman, John T., 1012 
Freeman, Roy C., 188, 716 
Freer, Louise, 304 
Freese, A. H., 517 
Fremont campaign, 152, 154 
French, Augustus C., 177 



XIV 



INDEX 



French-English contests for the Ohio 

Valley, 56 

French-Illinois settlements, 53 
French rule, 36 
Frison, Adam, 410 
Fruits, 21 
Fulkersou, T., 194 
Fuller, J. E., 692 
Fulton, William G., 1031 
Fultz, Joseph, 551 
Funkhouser, Alexander, 656 
Funston, John H., 897 

Gabbert, David, 122, 127 
Gage, W. D., 443, 445 
Gallagher, Arthur J., 182 
Gallion, C. H., 485 
Gallion, V. J., 487 
Gallivau, John E., 604 
Gardner, D., 373 
Gardner, E. A., 420 
Gardner, Harry, 454 
Gardner, John D., 207 
Gardner, John H., 207 
Garman, W. 8., 165 
Garwood Home for Old Ladies, 405 
Garwood, L. C., 405 
Garwood, Mrs. Gish, 383 
Gates, Fanny C., 303, 304 
Gaueh, Jacob P., 369, 420 
Gay, W., 445 
Gehrke, Carl H., 801 
Gehrke, Robert C., 802 
Gehrt, John E., 607 
Gehrt, Julius M., 735 
Genung, Z. B., 32 
Gerald, 348 

Gere, George W., 192, 388, 389 
Gere, James S., 190 
Gere, John, 430 
Gere, Mrs. G. W., 407, 408 
'Geyer, A. A., 400 
Gibbs, H. C., 445 
Gifford, 206, 347, 521 
Gifford, Benjamin, 206 
Gillespie, James, 209 
Gilmer, U. Z., 445 
Gilmore, Alva, 480, 958 
Glaciers, 6 
Glascock, H. A., 410 
Glascock, Jesse R., 955 
Gleason, S. F., 492, 494 
Glover, John A., 409, 431 
Glover, Mrs. John A., 408 
Goddard, A. S., 445, 494 
Goff, M. A., 391 
Golden, Cecil L., 894 
Gooding, Asa, 514 
Goodwin, William, 204 
Goodwin, William K., 203 
Goodwin, William M., 203 
Goose Pond Church (see First Congre- 
gational) 



Gordon, Charles, 743 

Gordon, Ellen, 713 

Gordon, George C., 917 

Gordon, Joseph, 713 

Gordon, Thomas, 642 

Gorman, Jerry, 1001 

Graduate School, 285 

Graff, Franklin L., 395 

Graham, Abraham, 644 

Graham, Hugh, 1056 

Grand Prairie, 116 

Grant, Alexander F., 175 

Gray, C. A., 465 

Gray, J. M., 474 

Gray, William L., 720 

Gray, W., 465 

Gray, W. L., 205, 383, 409 

Great Northern Cross Railroad, 79 

Great Western Railway (Holbrook) 
Company, 336, 338, 515 

Great Western Railroad (see also To- 
ledo, Wabash & Western), 501 

Greene, Evarts B., 575 

Gregg, Samuel M., 684 

Gregory, John M., 250, 251, 260, 292, 407 

Grein, Chris, 410 

Gridley, Asahel, 179 

Griggs, Clark R., 426, 431, 514 

Grimes, Annie R., 835 

Grimes, L. P., 834 

Groenendyke, Samuel, 470 

Groves, 2 

Groves, John I., 635 

Groves, Robert, 760 

Groves, William H., 478 

Gulick, C. D., 205 

Gulick, C. W., 465 

Gulick, Joseph P., 420 

Gulick, J. G., 420 

Gunder, J. N., 473 

Hadden, J. M., 208 

Haddock, F. D., 385 

Halberstadt, Eli, 430, 431 

Hale, Philo, 514, 515 

Hall, A. T., 410 

Hall, E. B., 208 

Hall, Hattie, 385 

Hall, James, 316 

Hall, Justin S., 432 

Hall, Levi M., 860 

Hall, Lyman, 205 

Hall, R. M., 479 

Hall, Zebulon, 356 

Halliwell, W. H., 395 

Hamilton, Charles F., 582 

Hamilton, John, 496 

Hanes, Ida B., 437 

Hanson, John J., 671 

Harkness, Elisha, 164, 187, 430 

Harlan, James, 429 

Harlan, Justin, 174, 176, 184 

Hanmore, J. J., 165 



INDEX 



xv 



Harmon, J. C., 205 

Harper, James W., 875 

Harris, Benjamin F., 164, 350, 412, 413, 

419, 490, 539 

Harris, Benjamin Franklin, 544 
Harris, C. C., 478 
Harris, Dell E., 769 
Harris, Henry H., 391, 405, 413, 416, 

543 

Harris, J. B., 373 
Harris, Mrs. B. F., 405, 408 
Harris, Mrs H. H., 382, 407, 408 
Harris, Mrs. J. B., 407 
Harris, Newton M., 409, 413, 545 
Harris, Eobert, 447 
Harris, S. C., 439 
Harry, M. M., 816 
Hartford, William, 738 
Hartman, G. W., 203 
Hartmann, J. M., 397 
Hartmen, George A., 504 
Hartsock, G. W., 531 
Harwood, Abel, 388, 519 
Harwood, George W., 410, 736 
Harwood Township, 519 
Hass, George E., 479 
Hatch, Mrs. C. B., 407 
Havana, Rantoul & Eastern Bailroad, 

347 

Hawes, C. C., 207 
Hawk, Otis G., 809 
Hayes, E. C., 403 
Hays, Asa F., 351 
Hays, J. W., 433, 437 
Hays, William, 124, 351, 893 
Hazel, M. M., 208 
Hazen, E. B., 515 
Healey, James M., 420 
Heater Eoad, 129 
Heator, Jacob, 353 
Heath, N. P., 396 
Hefflefinger, A. K., 410 
Heinz, Julius, 829 
Helfenstein, E. C., 447 
Hendricks, John, 119, 499 
Henderson, Oscar J., 1040 
Hensley, A. P., 417 
Herbert, George W., 772 
Herrick, Harry, 709 
Herrick, Jame's T., 459, 463 
Hess, Fred, 164, 637 
Hess, Isaac E., 562 
Hess, Isaiah H., 420 
Hess, T. M., 203, 204 
Hess, Mrs. W. S., 475 
Hessel, John F., 748 
Hewes, M. A., 445 
Hickman, H. S., 208 
Hickory Grove, 4 
Hicks, J. W., 495 
Hicks, Lewis D., 459 
High School, Homer (view), 471 
High School, Eantoul (view), 466 



Hill, George W., 871 

Hill, John W., 164 

Hines, Joseph L., 668 

Hines, Lizzie B., 668 

Hinton, William A., 822 

Hixenbaugh, Isaac, 914 

Hixenbaugh, Mary M., 914 

Hixenbaugh, Priscilla E., 914 

Hobbs, R. G., 445 

Hodges, George J., 358 

Hoffman, J. A., 205 

Hoit, C. B., 493 

Holbrook, Alexander, 126 

Holbrook, Darius B., 334 

Holl, Fred J., 1038 

Holliday, Richard P., 96 

Holliday, Eichard T., 99 

Hollingsworth, Pearl M., 480, 929 

Hollister, Horace A., 304 

Holmes, C. B., 427, 431 

Holmes, James, 126, 218, 440, 443 

Holmes, John A., 395 

Holtapp, George, 944 

Holtapp, Joseph, 944 

Holy Cross Parish (Catholic), Cham- 
paign, 400 

Home Economics at the University, 323 

Homer (see also New Homer and Old 
Homer), 206, 473 

Homer Enterprise, 475 

Homer Journal, 474 

Homer Park, 474 

Homer's Main Street (view), 474 

Homes, James, 473 

Honn, William M., 389 

Hook, S. H., 437 

Hopkins, Cyril G., 312 

Hopkins, D. O., 401 

Hopkins Expedition of 1812, 352 

Hopkins, Thomas E., 681 

Hornbaker, W. O., 447 

Hornbeck, M. D., 445 

Horticultural societies, 26 

Horticulture, 21 

Hossack, James A., 32, 34 

Hoster, George P., 402 

Hotel Where Lincoln Stopped in TTr- 
bana (view), 153 

Houck, E. B., 487 

Houston, A. J., 410 

Houston, Samuel, 356 

Howard, Hartwell C., 199, 203, 205, 
370, 417 

Howard, Samuel A., 509 

Howard School, Champaign, 382 

Howell, A. O., 451 

Howell, Fred W., 1014 

Hoy, Fred, 962 

Hoy, Martha J., 991 

Hoy, Eufus B., 991 

Hoyt, Julia E., 1063 

Hoyt, Mary E., 1062 

Hoyt, Norman C., 1062 



XVI 



INDEX 



Hubbard, George W., 431 

Huekins, Alvin E., 412, 455, 568 

Hudson, John P., 1017 

Huff, George A., 304, 409 

Huff, S. E., 454 

Huffman, Jacob, 520 

Huffman, Michael, 519, 520 

Hughes, S. J., 412 

Hummel, Henry, 862 

Hungerford, B., 445 

Hunt, Charles A., 201, 360, 425, 431 

Hunter, E. V., 504 

Hurst, George J., 949 

Huss, Jefferson, 163 

Hyde, Albert, 849 

Ice-sheet invasions, 8 

Illinois Audubon Society, 17 

Illinois Black Code, 73 

Illinois Central Railroad Companv, 330- 
347, 518, 520, 522 

Illinois Confederacy, 86 

Illinois Counties and Indian Tribes in 
1812 (map), 88 

Illinois District, 51; first land grant in, 
52 

Illinois Indians, 48 

Illinois Industrial University, 245, 249, 
250 

Illinois Medical Practice Act, 211 

Illinois Territory, 69 

Illinois Trust and Savings Bank, Cham- 
paign, 414, 774 

Illinois under the Jesuits, 54 

Illustrations, Old Sugar Camp, Sadorus 
Grove, 3; Modern Sanitary Dairy 
Barn, 15; Farmers' Friends (Insect 
Destroyers), 18; Home Grown Corn, 
24; Cleanly Life of Modern Swine, 
27; Canning Club in Action, 30; 
Modern Dump Crib and Feed Mill, 
31; Threshing Scene, 33; Steam 
Tractor in Orchard, 33; The United 
States in 1798, 68; Illinois Counties 
and Indian Tribes in 1812, 88; Site 
of the Pottawattamie Village, 91; 
Pioneer Couple in the Old Home, 
97; A Pioneer Family, 100; A 
Household Treasure, 108; Old Cabin, 
Within and Without, 115; Old 
Time Sawmill, 125; Early Stage 
Coach, 136; First County Jail 
(1838-39), 146; Hotel Where Lincoln 
Stopped in Urbana, 153; Under Big 
Elm Where Lincoln Made Famous 
Speech, 153; Courthouse, Jail and 
Sheriff's Residence (1901), 160; Old 
Kelly Tavern, St. Joseph, 176; Dr. 
Joseph T. Miller, 198; First School- 
house Built near Urbana (1832), 217; 
Presidents of the University of Illi- 
nois, 238; University Hall, 248; 
Woman's Building, Present, 255; 



Campus and South Farm Today, 266; 
Library of the University, 277; 
Present Engineering Group of Build- 
ings, 295; The University Auditorium, 
300; Part of the Main Campus Today, 
321; The Armory and Aviation Corps, 
362; Pioneer Residents of Cham- 
paign, 365; Scene in the Dunlap Or- 
chards, Savoy, 367; Neil and Green 
Streets, City Hall, 372; Present High 
School, Champaign, 374; First School 
in Champaign, 378; Little Brick 
School, 379; First High School (West 
Side), 381; First East Side High 
School, 381; Champaign High School 
(1893), 384; Champaign High School 
(1913), 384; The Burnham Athae- 
neum, 386; The Postoffice, 386; 
Champaign and Urbana Water 
Works, 390; General View in White 
Park, 392; Johnson Fountain, 392; 
West Church Street, Champaign, 401; 
Julia F. Burnham Hospital, 404; 
Country Club House and Grounds, 
410; The Old Angle Block (1858), 
413; First Schoolhouse in West Ur- 
bana (1854), 424; The Perkins 
Schoolhouse, 424; West Main Street, 
Urbana, 427; Crystal Lake Park, 
Urbaua, 432; New Urbana High 
School, 434; Cunningham Children's 
Home, 449; First Brick House in 
Urbana (1841), 453; Present Post- 
office, 453; Modern Concrete Fire- 
proof Silos, 458; Rantoul Business 
Street, 464; High School, Rantoul, 
466; High School, Homer, 471; 
Homer's Main Street, 474; Third 
Street, Fisher, 479; Public School, 
Fisher, 480; St. Joseph's Main Street, 
485; Public School, St. Joseph, 487; 
Burning of the High School, Maho- 
met, 492; Busy Section of Tolono, 
497; Tolono High School, 498; Town 
Hall, Sidney, 500; Sidney's Main 
Street, 502; Samples of Champaign 
County Farming, 506; First Henry 
Sadorus Home (1824), 511; Old-Time 
Rail Fence, 519; Typical Wheat Field, 
522. 

Indian camps in Champaign County, 89 

Indian tales, 92, 93, 94, 354 

Indiana, Bloomington & Western Rail- 
road, 516 

Indiana Territory, 69 

Indians, 86-95, 121 

Industrial League of the State of Illi- 
nois, 245 

Ingersoll, Joseph, 359 

Inman, George L., 670 

Inman, Nora, 671 

Insect Destroyers (view), 18 

Internal Improvements, 78, 79, 334 



XVll 



Ireland, Edward C.; 420 
Irle, George G., 855 
Iroquois, 48, 86 
[rwin, Lee M., 357 
Irwin, Park T., 990 
Isom, John F., 203 
Ives, A. B., 462 
Ivesdale, 207, 348. 511 
Ivesdale News, 5li 

Jackson, Cyrus E:, 818 

Jails, 163, 177 

James, Edmund J., 303 (portrait)) 280 

James Load Fund, Margaret Lange, 320 

Janes, L., 423 

Jaques, Francis G:, 437, 684 

Jaques, Minnie, 454, 684 

Jaquith, D., 152, 430 

Jaquith, Jessie W., 226, 430, 431 

Jarvis, Daniel, 430 

Jefferson, Susail, 377 

Jenkins, A. M., 333 

Jenkinson, Elizabeth C., 616 

Jennings, David, 203 

Jerauld, S. D., 209 

Je'fauld) T; D ; , 903 

Jesse, 500 

Johnson, Abfamj 217 

Johnson, A: P., 433, 537 

Johnson, Benjamin F:, 389, 393 

Johnson, Charles B., 203, 204, 205, 383, 

410, 548 

Johnson Fountain (vie*), 392 
Johnson, Grant, 495 
Johnson, James, 353 
Johnson, John D., 164 
Johnson, Joseph C., 825 
Johnson, Joseph E., 1013 
Johnson, Obadiah, 221 
Johnson, Walter H., 405 
Johnson, W. E., 445 
Johnston, Virgil W., 414, 773 
Joliet, 37, 39, 40, 41 
Jones, Anna M., 791 
Jones, James S., 191, 387 
Jones, Lewis, 159 
Jones, Wilson P., 32, 34 
Judges, 173-188 
Julia F. Burnham Endowment Fund, 

388 

Judy, Jacob, 96, 99, 483 
Jurgensmeyer, Louis V., 1047 
Justice, W. H., 464 
Jutton, Joseph, 410 

Kariher, Harry C., 695 

Kaskaskias, 46, 86 

Kaskaskia taken by Americans, 60 

Kaufman, J. M., 403, 412 

Keal, William, 748 

Keeble, Emeline, 222 

Keefe, Michael H., 509 

Keller, Charles E., 779 



Keller, Henry K., 946 

Kelley, Barney, 366 

Kelley, Joseph, 485 

Kelley, Joseph t., 5, 484 

Kelley, Moses E., 360 

Kelley 's Ford, 5 

Kelley 's Tavern, St. Joseph, 486 

Kellogg, Nellie C., 389 

Kemeys, Edward, 39l 

Kennard, George W ; , 164, 355 

Kenney, A. M., 508 

Kentucky Settlement, 6 

Kerr, A. M., 165 

Kerr, Joseph, 620 

Kerr, Samuel, 120 

Ketterman, Salem Li, 794 

Keusink, William, 633 

Keusink, William B., 554 

Kickapoos, 87, 95, 96 

Kilbury, Mortimer, 780 

Kiler, C. A., 412 

Kimball, Mrs. E. A., 407 

Kincaid, Mary A., 570 

Kincaid, Samuel W., 201, 203, 206, 571 

King, William B., 477 

Kihle-y, David, 303, 306, 316 

Kir by, Elias, 120 

Kirby, Grover C., 943 

Kirby, J. C., 5l7 

Kirby, William, 35l 

Kirk, Hugh A., 650 

Kirk, Siizan, 667 

Kirkpatrick, A. J., 847 

Kirkpatfick, Fred, 431 

Klegg, J. B., 517 

Knapp, Everett G., 356 

Knapp, George, 474 

Knapp, israeL 175 

KocH, J. A. It., 587 

Kratz, Alonzo P., 420 

Kratz, Edwin A., 164, 387, 388, 389, 410, 

' 416, 420 

Kratz, Ethel G, 389 

Kratz, W. H., 388 

Krenzien, R., 508 

Kroner, Adam, 852 

Kruse, John C., 744 

Kuble, Addie, 223 

Kuhn, Isaac, 419 

Kyle, T. B., 165 

Lamon, Ward H., 164 

Lancaster, 129 

Langley, James W., 188, 354, 355, 356, 

359, 383, 410 
Lanning, W. H., 385 
Lapham, M. E., 382 
Lamed, Calesta E., 239, 373 
LaSalle, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49 
Last French stronghold falls, 59 
Lathrop, J. S., 387, 388 
Laughlin, John, 205 
Lawhead, Harriet, 406 



XV111 



INDEX 



Lawrence, G. D., 447 

Lawson, Mrs. W., 475 

Lawyers, 177, 188-194 

Leal, Thomas B., 227, 423 

Leas, Ervilla, 866 

Leas, George N., 999 

Leas, Isaac T., 866 

Leas, Margaret, 999 

Leas, William C., 999 

Leathers, Thomas H., 654 

LeCrone, Anna, 389 

Lee, Mary C., 409 

Lee, Patrick O., 96, 99 

Leigh, Francis M., 964 

Leigh, Marion E., 931 

Lester, David H., 880 

Lester, Jonas, 491 

Lester, John B., 359 

Leverett, 520 

Lewis, Andrew, 439 

Lewis, Thomas A., 164 

Lewis, Wilson, 164 

Lewis, Wolf, 752 

Library and agricultural buildings com- 
pleted, 276 

Library of the University 715, (view) 
277 

Library School, 285 

Liestman, Charles C., 802 

Light, John, 124, 136 

Lilly, E. H., 394 

Lincoln, Abraham, 151, 154, 156, 161, 
162, 176, 179 

Lincoln-Douglas campaign, 154-158 

Lindsey, C. L., 493 

Lindsey, Joseph, 491 

Linn Grove, 3 

Little Brick School (view), 379 

"Little Brick" Sehoolhouse, 369, 378 

Little, Chester W., 613 

Little, Egbert P., 679 

Little, J. G., 445 

Little, Roger F., 701 

Little, Samuel H., 645 

Little, Thomas A., 634 

Live stock, 14 

Livingston, Samuel, 1042 

Llewellyn, Joseph C., 318 

Lloyd, F. H., 389 

Lloyde, C. L., 455 

Lloyde, David H., 455, 977 

Lockney, J. F., 399 

Logan, "Robert, 366 

Long, J. C., 445 

Longden, Gertrude, 404 

Longview, 170, 207, 348, 508 

Longview Bank, 509 

Lorenz, Ernest, 164 

Lost Grove, 4 

Lott, Sarah, 495 

Lotus, 347, 348 

Love, Howard, 976 

Love, J. M., 32 



Love, Samuel W., 431, 439 

Lowery, Joseph E., 939 

Lowman, Fred L., 479, 842 

Lowry, Charles E., 920 

Lowry, Michael, 919 

Lucas, John, 518 

Ludlow (Pera Station), 207, 347 

Ludlow, township and village, 518 

Ludlow, James D., 518, 520 

Lyman, Thomas M., 549 

Lyman, William B., 960 

Lynch, Bert E., 987 

Lynn, E. J., 394 

Lyon, James H., 196, 210, 500 

Lyon, Jane, 221 

Lyons, Alonzo, 430, 497 

Lyons, Mrs. A. L., 475 

Maddock, David, 899 

Maddock, Jane H., 899 

Madigan, Patrick T., 994 

Magee, Thomas, 366 

Maguire, W. C., 431 

Mahaffie, Alexander, 707 

Mahan, H. W., 383 

Mahomet (see also Middletown), 207. 

490 

Mahomet township and village, 489-495 
Mahomet Baptist Church, 440, 493 
Mahomet High School, 492 
Mahomet Sucker State, 493 
Mahurin, Rev. Mr., 353 
Mandeville, J. D., 205 
Manford, E., 447 
Manning, John, 147 
Manning, Van H., 316 
Mantle, Solomon, 1024 
Mapes, Samuel, 126, 484 
Margaret Lange James Loan Fund, 320 
Marquette, 37, 39, 40, 41 
Marquette School, Champaign, 379 
Marriage, first, 128 
Marshall, 208 
Marten, John, 205 
Martens, E., 508 
Martin, Gilbert, 459 
Martin, Lewis W., 826 
Martin, U. G., 431 
Mason, J. S., 205, 645 
Masonic Temple, Champaign, 419 
Mathews, Milton W., 139, 164, 193 
Mattis, Mrs. R. R., 407 
Mattis, Ross R., 409, 413 
Mattison, George M., 349 
Maxwell, C. L., 414 
Maxwell, Jonathan, 120, 489, 491 
Maxwell, Mrs. W. S., 382, 406, 414 
Maxwell, W. W., 389 
Mayview, 349, 486 
McAllister, E. N., 388, 420 
McCabe, John F., 673 
McCabe, Mary A., 674 
McCann, E. T., 373 



INDEX 



xix 



McCaskin, George W., 1008 

MeCaskin, Harry M., 1008 

McCaskin, J. C., 1007 

McCaskin, Margaret, 1008 

McClugen, Samuel, 516 

McConn, Charles M., 304 

McConney, J. M., 437 

McCormick, Cyrus H., 299 

McCoy, A. 8., 445 

McCullough, James C., 981 

McCullough, James 8., 39, 164 

McCullough, J. W., 464, 737 

McDaniel, B. P., 445 

McDonald, Neil, 497 

McElfresh, G. E., 396 

McElroy, W. M., 444 

McElroy, W. N., 396 

McElvain, Frank C., 439 

McElwee, A. C., 903 

McElwee, Columbus C., 952 

McEwen, John A., 473 

McFarland, Herman, 361 

McGath, Benjamin F., 785 

McGee, 8., 387 

McGoorty, J. P., 319 

McGurty, Joseph E., 641 

McHarry, Daniel E., 718 

Mclntyre, Daniel P., 164, 409, 419, 508 

Mclntyre, R., 445 

McJilton, John E., 795 

McKeene, Mrs. H. A., 31 

McKinley, George, 394, 446 

McKinley, James B., 191, 373, 405 

McKinley, Mrs. J. B., 407 

McKinley Memorial Church, Urbana, 446 

McKinley, William B., 317, 349, 350, 382, 

391, 413, 446, 474 
McKinney, D. E., 205 
McKinney, T. J., 205 
McKinsey, Benjamin H., 778 
McLaurie, Thomas A., 164 
McLean, L. A., 134, 439 
McMillen, Fremont, 689 
McMillen, Laura, 690 
McMinn, P. K., 387 
McPherren, Delia, 517 
McPherren, James P., 1007 
McPherson, William, 494 
McPheters, P. L., 414 
McQuaid, Thomas, 610 
McBoberts, Samuel, 175 
McWilliams, Amzi, 164 
Meade, John, 226, 489, 491 
Means, Frank B., 949 
Mearns, Eobert W., 305 
Medical profession (see physicians) 
Meharry, Edwin T., 619 
Meharry, Jesse, 618 
Mercer, Solomon, 571 
Messenger, Benjamin F., 96, 99 
Messenger, James, 96, 100 
Messman, Fred A., 1020 
Methodist Church, Homer, 473 



Methodist Church of Middletown, 494 

Methodist Episcopal Church, Fisher, 481 

Methodist Episcopal Church, Sidney, 503 

Methodist Episcopal Church, Urbana, 147 

Meuser, A. F., 1060 

Mexican War, 354 

Miamis, 87, 94 

Miasma, 196 

Mickelberry, E. E., 416 

Middlecoff, John P., 519 

Middlecoff, Samuel, 519 

Middle Fork, 3 

Middletown, 490 

Military (see State University), 361 

Military Department, University of Illi- 
nois, 284 

Military record, 351-363 

Mill seats, 145 

Miller, Andrew J., 165 

Miller, Charles, 410 

Miller, Charles M., 410 

Miller, Frank, 942 

Miller, Isaac J., 496 

Miller, James 'C., 414 

Miller, John K., 359 

Miller, Joseph, 199, 203, 205, 360, 431, 
(portrait) 198 

Miller, J., 445 

Miller, J. W., 445 

Miller, Eobert T., 164 

Mills, 124, 199, 203, 206 

Mills, John, 370 

Miner, H., 165 

Ministers, 126, 128, 439 

Mink Grove, 4 

Minnear, P. N., 396 

Mittendorf, Louis, 664 

Modern Concrete Fireproof Silos (view), 
458 

Modern Dump Crib and Feed Mill (view), 
31 

Modern Sanitary Dairy Barn (view), 15 

Moehl, Ernest, 522, 694 

Mohr, Phillip, 882 

Molloy, Edward J., 677 

Molloy, Patrick, 677 

Monier, Sara, 406 

Mooney, Daniel, 651 

Moor, George C., 401 

Moore, Enoch, 96 

Moore, Garrett, 140, 165, 516 

Moore, Levi, 120 

Moore, Martin V., 1017 

Moore, M., 385 

Moore, Stephen N., 448 

Moore, W. G., 445 

Moore, W. H. H., 445 

Moorehead, Frederick B., 303, 306 

Moraine, Moses, 366 

Moraines, 7 

More, Edward V., 594 

Morehouse, Chester A., 536 

Morehouse, Heber J., 535 



XX 



INDEX 



Morey, Lloyd, 304 
Morgan, Borgan F., 475 
Morgan, J. B., 475 
Morgan, T. M., 439 
Morrill Act, 246 
Morrill College Aid Act, 267 
Morris, B. C., 208 
Morris, Harriet M., 580 
Morris, H. M., 580 
Morrissey, Daniel, 768 
Morrison, Alonzo O., 1067 
Morrison, J. L. D., 341 
Morrison, Mrs. H. P., 475 
Morrison, R. G., 755 
Morrison, William, 837 
Morrow, F. A., 499 
Morse, J. D., 521 
Morse State Bank, Gifford, 521 
Morton, S. M., 437 
Mosier, C. P., 207 
Mosier, Philip C., 197 
Moudy, Jacob, 611 
Moulton, S. W., 292 
Mudge, Mrs. E. T., 475 ' 
Mudge, W. W., 473 
Mueller, H. F., 397 
Mulligan, Peter H., 1004 
Mulligan, Sarah, 223 
Mulliken, A. D., 420 
Mulliken, John W., 731 
Mullikin, Charles J., 373, 727 
Mullikin, Joseph M., 963 
Mumm, John W., 982 
Munhall, William, 164, 445 
Munhall, William H., 445 
Murphy, C. W., 412, 493 
Murphy, John, 730 
Myers, C. O., 481 
Myers, James, 165 
Myers, M. M., 410 
Myers, Peter, 164 
Myers, Robert, 911 
Myers, William, 410 

Nash, Howard, 725 
National banking system, 83 
Naughton, Mrs. T. A., 407 
Naylor, David, 480 

Neil and Green Streets, City Hall, Cham- 
paign (view), 372 
Nelson, C. O. 753 
Nelson, Peter H., 805 
Newcom, Ethan, 5, 523 
Newcom's Ford, 5, 523 
Newcomb, W. K., 206 
Newell, J. D., 440, 494 
New Homer, 472 
New St. Joseph, 486 
New TJrbana High School (view), 434 
Noble, J. H., 396, 487 
Nodine, Richard H., 354, 356 
Norman, IT. G., 650 
Northern Cross Railroad, 347, 514 



Norton, Albert, 476 
Nox, William, 163, 164 
Nox, William, Jr., 144 
Nox's Point, 5, 500 
Nurseries, 23, 25 
Nye, J. E., 577 

Oathout, C. H., 34 

Oats, 13 

O 'Brien, Joseph, 165, 420 

Ocheltree, J. M., 476 

Odebrecht, Carl, 954 

Odell, John, 481 

Oehmke, Charles F., 687 

Ogden, 207, 349, 516 

Ogden Courier, 517 

Ogden Township, 516 

Ohio colony locates at Rantoul, 439 

Okaw settlement, 3 

O'Kelleher, Andrew, 319 

Old Angle Block (1858) (view), 413 

Old Cabin, Within and Without (views), 

115 

Old courthouse as a schoolhouse, 219 
Oldham, H. D., 29 
Oldham, James E., 164 
Old Homer, 471, 472 
Old Kelly Tavern, St. Joseph (view), 

176 

Old St. Joseph, 482 
Old Settlers' Society, 134 
Old Sugar Camp, Sadorus Grove (view), 3 
Old-Time Rail Fence (view), 519 
Oliver, J. C., 385 
Oliver, Lewis D., 538 
Oliver, L., 445 
Olson, Olof 682 
O 'Neal, W. B., 32 
O'Neil, Hugh, 473 
One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Regiment, 

355, 359 
One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment, 

359 

Ordinance of 1787, 67 
Orr, J. T., 481, 
Osborn, Frank, 517 
Osborn, Henry, 489 
Osborn, James, 136, 491 
Osborne, John W., 465 
Our Constitution, 439 
Owens, F. M., 164 

Page, John M., 466 
Page, Samuel J., 203 
Paine, Benjamin C., 1003 
Paisley, Mrs. T. J., 406 
Pancake, Jesse W., 5 
Pancake's Point, 5 
Paris, William, 516 
Park, Joseph, 359 
Park, William, 430 
Parker, E. W., 514 
Parker, Frank A., 723 



INDEX 



xxi 



Parker, George, 514 

Parks, Pleasant M., 164 

Parmeter, Isaac, 492 

Parr, Sophie, 620 

Parrett, Fred R., 873 

Parsons, Mrs. F. A., 378 

Parsons, J. W., 445 

Part of the Main Campus Today (view), 

321 

Pasley, Sylvester, 494 
Patterson, J. J., 447 
Patterson, Otho, 844 
Patton, David, 600 
Patton, Harry, 601 
Patton, Lafayette, 601 
Patton, Jane, 600 
Paulus, Abraham, 829 
Peabody, Selim H., 261 
Peabody, William, 478 
Pearce, William H., 164 
Pearman, J. T., 203, 204, 206, 382 
Pearson, C. M., 493 
Pearson, Joseph R., 726 
Penfield, 208, 347, 521 
Penfield, Guy D., 464 
Penfield, John, 459, 464 
Penney, J. H., 508 
Pennington, Sarah, 222 
Pennsylvania House, 177 
Penny, Henry S., 165 
Peorias, 87 

Pepper, H. J., 349, 350 
Pera, 518 

Perkins Schoolhouse (view), 424 
Perry, John B., 463 
Pesotum chief, 513 
Pesotum Township, 512 
Pesotum village, 170, 207, 347, 512 
Peters, Ann E., 887 
Peters, John M., 894 
Peters, Jonathan M., 164 
Peters, J. L., 886 
Peters, William, 144, 226, 440 
Peters, William I., 127, 473, 483 
Peterson, E. V., 388 
Peterson, Peter, 620 
Phelps, Vergil V., 241, 301, 303 
Phenicie, William M., 891 
Philbrick, Solon, 183 
Phillips, William, 126, 366 
Philo, 208, 348, 515 
Philo Exchange Bank, 515 
Philo Township, 514 
Phinney, J. B., 366 
Physical features, 1 
Physicians, 123, 125, 194, 202 
Piasa bird, 39 
Pickard, J. C., 407 
Pierce, W. G., 395 
Piersel, A. C., 445 
Pillars, Charles A., 595 
Pinkerton, C. B. E., 465 
Pinkerton, F. E., 465 



Pinkston, Joel W., 934 

Pioneer Couple in the Old Home (view), 
97 

Pioneer Family (view), 100 

Pioneer Residents of Champaign (view), 
365 

Pioneer settlements of Illinois, 50 

Pioneer settlers in Champaign neighbor- 
hood, 366 

Pioneer settlers of Urbana, 428 

Pitner, W., 445 

Pitner, W. F., 445 

Pittman, Joseph C. W., 573 

Pittman, L. C., 410 

Pixley, Howard, 378 

Place, Charles C., 962 

Platt, Joseph, 394 

Platt, P. T., 410 

Plottner, Mrs. W. A., 389 

Plym, Francis J., 318 

Polk, John L., Jr., 402 

Pollard, J. S., 391 

Poritiac buried at St. Louis, 60 

Porter, Daniel T., 144, 163, 185, 490 

Porter, George M., 999 

Porter, J. W., 437 

Porter, Mrs. J. W., 407 

Post, C. F., 463 

Postoffice, Champaign (view), 386 

Pottawattamies, 87, 89 

Pottawattamie Village, A Bit of the Site 
of (view), 91 

Powell, Burt E., 304 

Powell, John, 136 

Prairie du Rocher,. 52 

Prairie lands, 2 

Prairies, 9, 10, 11 

Prather, Lewis, 29, 987 

Prather, Robert, 485 

Prather 'a Ford, 5, 485 

Presbyterian Church, Homer, 473 

Presbyterian Church, Sidney, 504 

Present Engineering Group of Buildings 
(view), 295 

Presidents of the University of Illinois 
(portraits), 238 

Prettyman, J. B., 391, 409 

Prettyman, W. L., 391 

Price, Arthur C., 410 

Price, F. M., 165 

Price, Walter E., 410 

Primer, George H., 503 

Probate Court, 185, 186 

Probate judges, 184 

Property valuation (1916), 168 

Public School, Fisher (view), 480 

Public School, St. Joseph (view), 487 

Pugh, C. W., 493 

Purcell, J. T., 205 

Purrington, T., 497 

Quinlan, William J., 1070 



XX11 



INDEX 



Radebaugh, S. Barclay, 192 

Railroad lands, 461; draw settlers, 345 

Railroads, 329-350 

Ramey, H. B., 373 

Rankin, Hiram, 484, 516 

Rankin, James F., 503, 504, 856 

Rankin, 8. 8., 486 

Rantoul, 170, 208, 347 

Rantoul Business Street (view), 464 

Rantoul fire of 1901, 466 

Rantoul Journal, 465 

Rantoul News, 465 

Rantoul Press, 465 

Rantoul, Robert, 341, 457 

Rantoul Township and Village, 457-468 

Ratts, R. P. 207 

Rawden, H. H,. 401 

Ray, John L., 383 

Ray, Mrs. J. L., 407, 408 

Rayburn, Bert, 560 

Rayburn, J. O., 493 

Raymond, Isaac, 498 

Raymond, Isaac 8., 32, 515 

Raymond, John E., 996 

Raymond Township, 509 

Rea, John J., 635 

Read, O. B., 401 

Reardon, John W., 966 

Rector, Elias, 428 

Rector, Nelson, 100 

Rector, William, 99 

Redhed, William, 497, 498 

Redmon, Jacob, 1040 

Reed, Charles W., 922 

Reed, M., 387 

Reed, Nora, 495 

Reed, S. J., 165 

Rees, William, 205 

Reese, James M., 774 

Reeves, Matilda, 449 

Remington, William, 400 . 

Remley, J. W., 603 

Revolutionary soldiers, 124 

Reynolds, Chester G., 631 

Reynolds, John J., 948 

Rhinehart, Martin, 108, 218, 353, 354 

Rhinehart, Matthias, 107, 120 

Rhoades, Walter, 108, 126 

Rice, Clarence A., 904 

Richards, Charles R., 303, 305, 306, 313 

Richards, Chester W., 431, 454, 717 

Richards, George N., 415, 438 

Richards, Patrick, 454, 717 

Richards, Sandford, 373 

Richards, Thomas, 353, 484 

Richardson, John F., 142 

Ricker, Nathan C., 260 

Ricketts, Marion M., 1022 

Riemke, John T., 1032 

Riker, F. E., 465 

Riley, G. W., 400 

Riley, Ning A., 359 

Riley, Ozias, 383 



Rising, Fred, 29 

Ritchie, Robert S., 960 

Rittenhouse, John R,, 812 

Roads, 129 

Roberts, H., 419 

Roberts, Jeannette, 389 

Robertson, John G., 126, 144, 440, 493, 

494 

Robeson, Frank K., 412, 652 
Robinson, Elna A., 627 
Robinson, Eva, 503 
Robinson, Hugh J., 841 
Rodman, William, 479 
Rogers, Edward, 164, 674 
Rogers, E. B., 401, 498 
Rogerson, Andrew, 355 
Rolfe, C. W., 6 
Roloff, R. A., 473 
Roney, Benjamin A., 438 
Root, George F., 292 
Rose, Frederick, 474, 800 
Ross, Howard, 630 
Roth, Thomas J., 188, 708 
Roughton, John, 459, 460, 462 
Roughton, Reuben, 463, 669 
Rowland, James, 702 
Rowland, Thomas, 136 
Royal, 348 
Rural Home, 21 

Rural Home Fruit Farm, 366, 367 
Rush, Elmer A., 938 
Russell, Eugene H., 673 
Russell, Frank G., 611 
Russell, H. M., 437 
Russell, James B., 389, 410, 700 
Russell, Mrs. J. B., 389, 407 
Ryan, Thomas, 397 

Sabin, C. J., 373 

Saddler, John G., 196 

Saddler, John S., 209 

Sadorus, 208, 348, 510 

Sadorus, George W. B., 359 

Sadorus Grove, 3, 104, 105 

Sadorus, Henry, 3, 103, 104, 106, 134, 

218 

Sadorus homes, 107 
Sadorus Township, 510-512 
Sadorus, William, 21 
St. Clair County, 67 
St. John's Parish (Catholic), Champaign, 

399 
St. Joseph (see Old St. Joseph), 209, 349, 

487 

St. Joseph, Main Street (view), 485 
St. Joseph Record, 487 
St. Joseph Township and Village, 482- 

487 
St. Mary's Catholic Church, Champaign, 

397 
St. Patrick's Catholic Parish, Urbana, 

448 



INDEX 



xxin 



St. Peter's Evangelical Church, Cham- 
paign, 397 

Sale, Clarence 8., 313 

Sale, Frederick B., 359, 430, 494 

Salem Baptist Church, Champaign, 401 

Salisbury, 143 

Salisbury, John, 139, 164, 483 

Salisbury, S. S., 205, 209 

Salisbury, T. M., 498 

Salt Fork, 2 

Salt Fork Timber, 119 

Samples of Champaign County Farming 
(views), 506 

Sampson, Willard L., 475 

Sandwell, Lawrence, 498 

Sangamon Country, 75 

Sangamon Timber, 120 

Sangamon & Morgan Eailroad, 347 

Savage, John H., 454 

Savage, Manford, 389 

Savoy, 347 

Sawmill, Old Timer (view), 125 

Sayers, James O., 980 

Schantz, O. M., 14 

Schell, Eva, 449 

Schindler, Oscar W., 968 

Schluter, Louis W., 623 

Schoengerdt, W. E., 205 

School of Ceramics, 282 

School of Commerce, 281 

School of Education, 281 

School of Law and State Library School, 
273 

School of Military Aeronautics estab- 
lished, 301 

School of Railway Engineering, 283 

Schools, 124-; territorial, 213; state pub- 
lic, 214; early, 215; Charles Fielder 
first teacher in county, 216; other pio- 
neer teachers, 216; pioneer of the town- 
ships, 219; inadequate revenues, 225; 
present county system, 226; commis- 
sioners, 226; present status of, in 
county, 230; state examining board, 
231; standardisation of rural, 234; 
High School Tuition Act, 235; state 
educational survey, 236; germs of the 
public school system, 241 ; early at- 
tempts to found state universities, 242; 
public in Champaign, 373-387; of TJr- 
bana, 423-426, 433-437 

Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Chi- 
cago, 272 

Schoon, Christian, 712 

Schoon, George, 710 

Schowengerdt, William E., 721 

Schuett, E. H., 396 

Schumacher, Henry T., 756 

Schumacher, R. W., 206 

Schumm, Julius, 397 

Schwanderman, Herman, 553 

Scott, Andrew, 481, 869 

Scott, Fielding L., 130, 187, 491, 494 



Scott, James E., 373, 393 

Scott, John A., 164 

Scott Park, 393 

Scott, Thomas J., 164 

Scovell, M., 387 

Scroggs, George, 388, 420 

Soroggs, John W., 210, 369, 415, 425 

Seaver, N. L., 462 

Selle, C. A. F., 396 

Seltzer, John D., 724 

Seltzer, John F., 725 

Semple, A., 445 

Seymour, 208, 347, 349, 521 

Seymour, Arthur B., 304 

Shade, Henry E., 1064 

Shattuck, Samuel W., 259 

Shaw, Aaron, 178 

Shaw, J., 445 

Shaw, Newton, 351 

Shawhan, George R., 229, 414, 773 

Shawhan, William M., 509 

Sheffer, George J., 410 

Sheldon Brick Company, 455 

Sheldon, C. C., 455 

Sheldon, George, 455 

Sheldon, J. C., 444 

Shelledy, Stephen B., 142 

Shemauger, 90, 92 

Shepherd, Paris, 226 

Sherfy, Chalmers F., 164 

Sheridan, Arthur, 596 

Sherman, Edward S., 356 

Sherman, Mrs. S. P., 404 

Shields, Robert, 932 

Shoemaker, E. W., 369 

Shortridge, C. T., 508 

Shreve, William O., 486 

Shuck, John W., 164 

Shuck, J. W., 454 

Sickel, Mrs. F., 475 

Sidney (see also Nox's Point), 208, 347, 

348, 500-504 

Sidney's Main Street (view), 502 
Sidney Times, 503 
Sidney Township, 499-500 
Silkey, Abner, 454 
Silver, David A., 944 
Sim, Joseph W., 188, 431 
Sim, William, 437, 473 
Simmons, O. B., 206 
Sims, W. B., 165 
Singbnsch, Arthur C., 572 
Six, Harlan W., 970 
Sizer, A. D., 492 
Si7er, Lucius N., 787 
Skinner, George, 649 
Slavery issue (1822-24), 74 
Smedley, F. R., 420 
Smith, "Arthur W., 361 
Smith, C. B., 182, 373 
Smith, Daniel F., 402 
Smith, Frank, 305 
Smith, F. M., 473 



xxiv 



INDEX 



Smith, Henry C., 497 

Smith, Jacob W., 967 

Smith, Joe, 105, 107 

Smith, Lyman, 478 

Smith, L. S., 370 

Smith, Mrs. C. B., 382 

Smith, Mrs. W. H., 407 

Smith, Robert B., 370 

Smith, Thomas E., 566 

Smith, Thomas J., 318, 389, 665 

Smith, William H., 782 

Smith, "William O., 658 

Smith, W. A., 504 

Smith, W. E., 370 

Smithers, James, 463 

Smoot, Herman M., 473, 474, 994 

Smyres, Lewis A., 164 

Snelling, Moses, 430 

Snyder, Edward, 260, 319, 383 

Snyder, John, 57 

Snyder, Mrs. Edward, 408 

Social Science Club of Champaign and 

Urbana, 408 
Sodom, 5 
Soil, 9 

So.mers, James A., 678 
Somers, James W., 190 
Somers, John C., 414, 603 
Somers, John L., 165 
Somers, W. H., 429 
Somers, William D., 148, 188 
Somers, Winston, 197, 203, 209 
Souder, Luther B., 764 
South Campus and South Farm Today 

(view), 266 

South Homer Township, 469 
Southworth, Albert L., 1012 
Spalding, Bert E., 766 
Spalding, Mrs. Arthur, 405 
Spalding, Wallace P., 413 
Spanish-American War, 360 
Spears, Charles H., 729 
Sperry, H. T., 410 
Sperry, James, 770 
Spoehrle, Carl W., 675 
Spoon River flats, 516 
Sprague, Dallas, 596 
Springsteen, John, 519 
Spruill, W. P. T., 395, 445 
Spurgin, William G., 188 
Stage Coach (view), 130 
Staley, 349 
Staley, Calvin C., 188 
Stamey, Elias, 353 
Stanford, Philip, 143 
Stanford, Philip M., 144 
Stanley, O. O., 205 
Stanner, J. Ray, 32 
Starr, E., 96, 100 
Starved Rock, 48 
State Bank in liquidation, 77 
State Bank of Sidney, 503- 
State entomologist's office, 313 



State Geological and Water surveys, 282. 

State Geological Survey, 314 

State Laboratory of Natural History, 313 

State road, 130 

State Water Survey, 314 

Stayton, David B., 484 

Stayton, John D., 1008 

Stayton, Joseph, 483 

Steam Tractor in Orchard (view), 33 

Stedman, W. H., 401 

Steel, W. M., 465 

Steele, Daniel A. K., 303, 306 

Steele, John A., 368, 446 

Stern, Walter W., 414 

Steurer, Charles, 399 

Stevens, E. V., 447 

Stevens, Harmon, 196, 206 

Stevens, Thomas, 477 

Stevenson, Andrew, 175, 218 

Stevenson, A. H., 164 

Stevenson, Lew E., 864 

Stevick, D. W., 416, 685 

Stewart, Arthur R., 567 

Stewart, John R,, 416, 1071 

Stewart, Mrs. J. R., 407, 408 

Stewart, William, 420 

Stidham, Penrose, 164 

Stiegmeyer, G., 396 

Stiles, O. D., 493 

Stipes, John W., 455, 916 

Stipes, Mrs. John W., 406 f 

Stoddard, William O., 415 

Stoech, Mrs. H. H., 407 

Stone, E. A., 401 

Stonestreet, Mary E., 592 

Stonestreet, William, 592 

Stoughton, Jonathan, 249 

Stoughton, Jonathan C., 425 

Stout, Frank, 889 

Stover, Martin O., 32, 912 

Strahle, Paul J., 618 

Strauss, John, 478 

Strehlow, H., 397 

Strode, Archie E., 643 

Strong, Ambrose W., 1025 

Strong, Cyrus, 473, 484 

Strong's Ford, 5, 485 

Stucker, Thomas D. B., 940 

Students' government system, 254 

Sturdyvin, William L., 638 

Sturgeon, Robert A., 798 

Sugar Grove, 3, 120 

Sullivan, William, 662 

Sullivant Estate, Ayers Township, 505 

Sullivant, Michael L., 505 

Summers, Charles A., 356 

Summers, John W., 415, 474 

Sussmuth, W., 397 

Sutton, Elsie B., 512 

Sutton, Royal A., 431 

Swain, John, 203 

Swamp lands, 12 

Swannell, D. G., 412, 420 



INDEX 



XXV 



Swannell, H., 382, 388 

Swannell, Mrs. Henry, 407 

Swartz, B. F., 432 

Swearingen, Alpheus C., 1035 

Swearingen, Amanda M., 1049 

Swearingen, Bartley, 483 

Swearingen, David, 483 

Swearingen, John, 483 

Swearingen, John V., 165 

Swearingen, John W., 164 

Swearingen, Van B., 486, 1048 

Sweet, E. L., 373 

Sweet, T. B., 387, 388 

Swick, Jacob, 832 

Swift, Eben, 361 

Swift, J. E., 496 

Swigart, Edwin S., 373, 404, 409, 529 

Switzer, Lottie, 385 

Talbot, A. N., 371, 391, 431 

Talbot, Mrs. A. N., 408 

Talbott, James A., 533 

Taxes (1916), 168 

Taylor, C., 221 

Taylor, C. B., 439 

Taylor, Mary A., 1057 

Taylor, Mary L., 700 

Taylor, Shelby D., 700 

Taylor, William, 163 

Teachers, pioneer American in Illinois, 

213; pioneer of the townships, 219 
Tenbrook, John P., 159, 187, 496 
Terry, George W., 459 
Third Street, Fisher (view), 479 
Thirty Club, Champaign, 407 
Thoma, Theodore A., 512 
Thomas, James Q., 129, 839 
Thomas, John B., 185, 187, 226, 420, 472 
Thomas, Joseph, 473 
Thomas, Moses, 136, 139, 164, 174, 184, 

226 

Tlnmasboro, 347, 468 
Thomasboro village, 170 
Thompson, Ann, 937 
Thompson, Charles A., 203, 360 
Thompson, Charles D., 854 
Thompson, Fred E., 361 
Thompson, James, 96, 99, 937 
Thompson, John F., 505 
Thompson, Martin B., 164, 203, 356 
Thompson, William H., 797 
Thornbnrn, John H., 404, 454 
Thrasher, Benjamin, 13, 165 
Thrasher, John, 165, 221 
Threshing Scene (view), 33 
Timber lands, 2 
Tinkham, Charles J., 357, 492 
Tipton, 348 
Tittle, Percy H., 361 
Tobie, Willard N., 447 
Toledo, Wabash & Western Bailroad, 347, 

501 
Tolle, C. J. T., 445 



Tolono, 209, 347, 496-499 

Tolono, Busy Section of (view), 497 

Tolono Herald, 498 

Tolono High School (view), 498 

Tomlinson, William, 624 

Tompkins, Claudie, 217 

Tompkins, William, 102, 122, 428 

Toner, Patrick, 398 

Tonti, 42, 44, 47, 50 

Tornquist, Andrew, 759 

Tourtellotte, Edward, 207 

Tow-Head Grove, 4, 514 

Towl, E. K., 447 

Towle, Nathan, 164 

Town Hall, Sidney (view), 500 

Townsend, Mrs. W. K. D., 407 

Township organization adopted, 159 

Townships, value of property and taxes 
levied, 168; population (1833-1917), 
169; schools, 220 

Toy, Solomon J., 164, 430 

Traction system, 330, 348 

Tracy, James M., 165, 356 

Treat, Samuel H., 178 

Trees, William H., 858 

Trevett, Henry, 373, 383, 391 

Trevett, John H., 411, 413 

Trevett, John E., 412, 413 

Trevett-Mattis Banking Company, 412 

Trinity Methodist Episcopal (Univer- 
sity) Church, Urbana, 447 

Trost, Eli, 498 

Trotter, John F., 836 

Truman, Jeptha, 219 

Tucker, S. C., 371, 373, 606 

Tuesday Club, Homer, 475 

Turner, George E., 361 

Turner, Jonathan B., 226, 242, 243, 247 

Turrell, G. A., 414 

Turrell, Mrs. George A., 408 

Typical Wheat Field (view), 522 

Tyrell, Bodger, 431 

Udell, E. J., 465 

tlmbanhowar, James H., 995 

Uncle Tommy Butler (see Thomas L. 

Butler) 

Unitarian Church, Urbana, 448 
United Brethren Church of Broadlands, 

508 

United Brethren Church, Fisher, 480 
United Charities Association of Cham- 
paign and Urbana, 403 
United Manufacturing Company, 349 
United States in 1798 (map), 68 
United States surveyors, 96, 98, 121 
Universalist Church, Urbana, 446 
University Auditorium (view), 300 
University Baptist Church, Urbana, 446 
University Hall (view), 248 
University of Illinois, 239-328; presi- 
dents of, 238; main building com- 
pleted, 256; literary societies, 259; 



XXVI 



INDEX 



name legally adopted, 267; statistics, 
287-291, 310, 311; fraternities, 287; 
sororities, 287; buildings, 289, 326, 
327; growth (1867-1917), 290; annals, 
291-299; first meeting of the board 
(1867), 291; opens, 292; registrar, 
office of, created, 297; auditorium 
dedicated, 298; new administration 
building occupied, 301; honors, 316; 
prizes and medals, 317; scholarships 
and fellowships, 318; loan funds, 319; 
extension work, 320;- finances, 324; 
a military center, 361; library, 715 

University Reserve Officers' Training 
Corps, 363 

University Place Christian Church, 
Champaign, 403 

University Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciation, 294, 298 

University Young Women's Christian 
Association, 296, 298 

Urbana, 209, 349; pioneer churches and 
school, 147 ; incorporated, 150 ; fire of 
October 9, 1871, 426; postoffice estab- 
lished, 429; city incorporated, 429; 
mayors, 431; public schools, 433; 
newspapers, 439; Sunday schools, 451, 
452 ; societies, 455. 

Urbana & Champaign Horse Railway 
Company, 349 

Urbana and Champaign Institute, 425 

Urbana & Champaign Railway, Gas & 
Electric Company, 349, 350 

Urbana Banking Company, 454 

Urbana Clarion, 439 

Urbana Courier, 439 

Urbana Courier-Herald, 439 

Urbana Fortnightly Club, 455 

Urbana Free Library, 437 

Urbana High School, 435 

Urbana House, 177 

Urbana Male and Female Seminary, 423 

Urbana Methodist Episcopal Mission, 440 

Urbana Methodist Mission, 473 

Urbana Postoffice (view), 453 

Urbana Railroad, 425, 426 

Urbana Township and City, 422-456 

Urbana Union, 438 

Vail, Albert R., 448 

Valentine, T. J., 395 

Valuation of university property, 325 

Van Brunt, 8., 410 

Vance, John W., 137 

Van Doren, C. L., 517 

Vandyke, S. A., 395 

Van Tuyl, A., 437 

Van Vleck, Charles F., 1006 

Van Wegen, Lee M., 771 

Varney, Samuel B., 784 

Vennum, E. M., 414 

Vennum, F. B., 414 



Vermilion County, 136 

Vesper Chapter No. 128, O. E. S., 420 

Vieregg, Charles A., 360 

Villages, population (1833-1917), 169 

Vincennes captured by Americans, 62 

Voliva, W. G., 447 

Vollborn, Mrs. A. L., 475 

Wabash Railroad, 347, 515 

Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad, 

348 

Waddington, Ed., 481 
Wade, Isaac N., 762 
Wade, Luther C., 968 
Wade, Mrs. I. N., 408 
Wagner, A. J., 398, 399 
Wagner, Minnie, 879 
Wagner, Peter J., 878 
Walker, T. C., 205 
Walkington, John, 395 
Walkington, William, 420 
\\'a!(, A. 8., 205 
Wallace, Charles H., 454, 1052 
Wallace, J. W., 473 
Walls, Arthur T., 697 
Wampler, William, 517 
Wantwood, 5 
Ware, James C., 164 
Warlick, J. R., 508 
Warner, Charles D., 493 
Warner, Claude B., 681 
Washington Park, 393 
Water supply, 11 
Water, W., 387 
Watkins, J. R., 517 
Watson, George L., 660 
Watson, Mary E., 766 
Watts, Charles H., 230, 688 
Weaver, Bill, 161 
Weaver-Hiltibran murder, 179 
Webber, Charles M., 680 
Webber, Charles W., 164 
Webber, G. W., 454 
Webber, Thomas R., 134, 136, 139, 143, 

144, 164, 343, 367, 428, 429 
Webber, William B., 194, 431 
Webber, William T., 429 
Webster, C. D., 437 
Webster, W. H., 396, 445 
Weeks, John B., 410 
Weeks, S. E., 410 
Wegeng, John C., 998 
Welles, Thomas B., 747 
Wells, Albert E., 401 
Wendling, Charles P., 986 
Weston, Martha K., 571 
Weston, Nathan A., 303, 305, 387 
West Church Street, Champaign (view), 

401 

West Main Street, Urbana (view), 427 
West Urbana (see Champaign), 370; 

founded, 343 



INDEX 



XXVll 



West Urbana, First Schoolhouse (view), 

424 

Western Electric Light Company, 349 
Western Star Lodge No. 240, A. F. & 

A. M., 416 
Wheeler, A. M., 423 
Whitaker, John, 136, 144 
Whitcomb, A. L., 205 
Whitcomb, E. T., 388 
White, David B., 1002 
White, Jacob, 431 
White, James M., 304 
White, James P., 391 
White, John P., 344, 368, 369, 378, 475 
White, Joseph, 765 
White, J. E., 205 
White, J. G., 475 
White, Mrs. J. G., 475 
White Park, 344, 368, 391 
White Park, General View in, 392 
Whitmore, J. P., 514 
Whitney, A. M., 417, 419, 430 
Whitney, Henry C., 191, 370 ' 
Wicks, Alfred, 503 
Wiese, Emil L., 509 
Wiggins, Charles B., 746 
Wiggins, H. J., 473 
Wiggins, Mrs. P. E., 475 
Wilcox, L. S., 203, 205, 210, 373 
Wildcat banking, 74, 81 
Wilder, C. N., 394 
Wilder, Mrs. C. N., 407 
Wilkins, E. D., 396 
Wilkinson, James E., 402 
Williams, Chester A., 838 
Williams, Clarence L., 968 
Williams, F. M., 401 
Williams, George C., 810 
Williams, Isaac V., 490 
Williams, James, 437 
Williams, Jesse, 119, 499, 500 
Williams, Thomas D., 356 
Williams, Mrs. G. C., 407, 409 
Wills, Ella, 699 
Wills, James E., 698 
Wilson, David, 804 
Wilson, James A., 993 
Wilson, John J., 446 
Wilson, J. L., 388 
Wilson, S. L., 229 
Wilson, William. 173 



Wilson, W. W., 499 

Windsor, Phineas L., 305, 306, 715 

Wingard, L. Forney, 592 

Winston, Miller, 502, 504 

Wisegarver, Howard, 988 

Witt, Charles W., 954 

Wohlfarth, J. F., 445 

Wolf, Lewis, 752 

Wolfe, J. B., 396 

Wolfe, John S., 194, 354, 355, 359, 420 

Woman's Building, Present (view), 255 

Woman's Club of Homer, 475 

Women admitted to university, 254 

Wood, Mary, 518 

Woodin, Thomas J., 1009 

Woodin, W. H., 997 

Woodruff, Mrs. F. C., 449 

Woods, William F., 389 

Woody, A. C., 473 

Woody, F. Way, 409, 414 

Woody, Paul W., 164, 373, 383 

Wrean, Howard, 720 

Wright, David B., 420, 578 

Wright, Francis M., 159, 182, 454 

Wright, James S., 165, 217, 373, 470, 472 

Wright, John B., 470 

Wright, Mrs. F. M., 408 

Wright, Randolph C., 164 

Wright, Robert C., 165, 193, 473 

Wylie, Laura F., 705 

Wyne, John H., 756 

Yancey, William L., 907 
Yankee Ridge, 6, 514 
Yankee Ridge schoolhouse, 222 
Yeats, J. K. P., 877 
Yeazel, Adam, 175 
Yeazel, James P., 1037 
Yeazel, Mathew L., 1044 
Young, James, 495 
Youngblood, Roy, 900 
Young Women 's Christian League, Cham- 
paign, 406 
Yount, Nicholas, 483 

Zerby, Guy L., 488 
Zilly, Charles, 782 
Zombro, Roger E., 656 
Zook, Oscar, 481 
Zorger, William H_ 622 



CHAPTER I 

PHYSICAL FEATURES 

TIMBER AND PRAIRIE LANDS BEAUTIFUL AND HISTORIC GROVES WHY 
"DEAD MAN'S GROVE" FORDS OLD "NEIGHBORHOODS" ALTITUDE 
OF CITIES AND VILLAGES ACTION OF GLACIERS SOIL ORIGIN OF 
THE PRAIRIES WATER SUPPLY SWAMP LANDS RECLAIMED 
STANDARD CHAMPAIGN COUNTY CEREALS DAIRY PRODUCTS AND 
LIVE STOCK BIRDS AS INSECT DESTROYERS CEREALS SUPPLANT 
FRUITS HISTORY OF HORTICULTURE IN COUNTY AGRICULTURAL 
AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES AGRICULTURAL, HORTICULTURAL 
AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATION THE FARMERS' CLUB AND FAIR 
ASSOCIATION CHAMPAIGN COUNTY FARMERS' INSTITUTE THE 
FARM BUREAU. 

One of the richest, most prosperous and progressive counties in 
southern Illinois, Champaign also represents a nucleus of mental activity 
and culture, national, even international, in its scope. The cities of 
Champaign and Urbana, virtually one municipal community, although 
separately incorporated, are of unique character in that their prosperity 
has been largely stimulated by the activities of what has become a 
great university; that their material growth still is invigorated by its 
membership; that they are practically without industries, and yet that 
they thrive and expand and possess a vigorous and developing life 
seldom enjoyed by a university town, and certainly by no other like 
municipality in the United States. 

Champaign County has two cities and seventeen incorporated villages 
within its limits. It is divided into twenty-eight townships, is bisected 
by the fortieth degree of north latitude, which crosses it about four 
miles south of the courthouse at Urbana, and is about thirty-six miles 
from north to south and twenty-eight east and west. 

l 
ii 



2 HISTOKY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

TIMBER AND PEAIHIE LANDS 

There are no bold features of the landscape to be recorded, its 
contour being usually rolling and pleasing, and particularly conducive 
to the cultivation of the grains. Champaign is the banner corn county 
of the United States, and there is no farming community in the country 
which is more contented or prosperous. The county is situated entirely 
within what the early French explorers denominated the Grand Prairie 
of the West, which they described as extending from the headwaters 
of the Mississippi to the Wabash Eiver. Originally the timber lands 
extended pretty generally along the courses of the streams, and embraced 
such groves as Linn, Mink, Sadorus, Hickory, Burr and Cherry. As 
the pioneers were disinclined to get far away from the timber strips, the 
more fertile easily cultivated prairie stretches were long neglected; as 
the wooded lands received the more attention, it is believed that their 
quantity was not as great as has been supposed and that the old estimate 
that one-fifth the surface of Champaign County was originally covered 
with native forests is too high. 

There is a distinct watershed running through the western part of 
the county. The Kaskaskia, emptying into the Mississippi and the 
Sangamon, flowing into the Illinois, also a part of the system embraced 
by the Father of Waters, drain the western third, while the Salt Fork 
of the Vermilion, the Middle Fork of that stream and the Little Ver- 
milion, and the Embarrass, are portions of the Wabash system and 
drain the remainder of the county. Generally speaking, the Sangamon 
River and its branches, Wild Cat, Big and Tree Creek, Water Mahomet, 
Condit, Newcomb, East Bend and Brown townships, and the Kas- 
kaskia, with its tributaries, Scott, Champaign, Tolono, Colfax, Sadorus 
and Pesotum. The Embarrass rises south of Urbana on the University 
farm, and drains the southwestern part of Urbana Township, and Philo, 
Crittenden, Raymond and Ayers townships. North of the Embarrass, 
the Vermilion system spreads over such eastern townships as South 
Homer, Sidney, St. Joseph, Ogden, Stanton, Compromise, Rantoul, Kerr 
and Harwood. 

BEAUTIFUL AND HISTORIC GROVES 

Before the county was divided into townships, many of the localities 
outside the villages and other distinct centers of population were desig- 
nated by groves and fords and other natural features. "The Big Grove," 
says Judge J. 0. Cunningham, "was the large grove of natural timber 
just north of the city of Urbana, lying partly in Town 19 and partly 
in Town 20. The Salt Fork was a general term used to designate not 



HISTOEY OF CHAMPAIGN" COUNTY 3 

only the lands covered by the timber along that stream, but the neigh- 
boring farms, from its northern extremity to the point where it leaves 
the county. Homer and Sidney were villages along the stream and the 
names were used to specialize neighborhoods. So, 'On the Sangamon' 
was understood to refer to the neighborhoods on both sides of the river 




OLD SUGAR CAMP, SADOBCS GROVE 

from its headwaters to the Piatt County line. There were the Okaw 
and the Ambraw settlements, by which was understood the neighborhoods 
about and in the timber belts along those streams, so far as they lay in 
this county. Middle Fork (of Salt Fork) was understood to mean 
the timber sometimes called Sugar Grove in the northeast corner of the 
county. Sadorus Grove was the designation of the isolated grove of 
timber at the head of the Kaskaskia River in which Henry Sadorus 
and his family settled when they came to the county. Bowse's Grove 
referred to a small grove of natural timber on the east side of the 
Embarrass River. Linn Grove, as a name, early became attached to 



4 HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

the beautiful eminence crowned with trees of Nature's planting in the 
southwest corner of Sidney , Township, which name it yet retains. Lost 
Grove, at the northwest corner of Ayers Township, is supposed to have 
received its name from its remoteness from everywhere else. Hickory 
Grove, in St. Joseph and Ogden townships ; Burr Oak Grove, in Ogden ; 
Mink Grove, in Rantoul, and Dead Man's Grove, in St. Joseph Town- 
ship, like those above named, had a definite meaning and referred to 
certain localities, though, like some of them, these names now mean 
nothing, having passed from use. The last name has not been in use 
for many years, the grove referred to having long been called Corray's, 
taking its later name from a nearby dweller. It received its first name 
from the circumstance of finding there the body of a man who had 
died alone. 

WHY "DEAD MAN'S GROVE" 

"The tradition is that many years since and before the settlement of 
the prairies, a band of regulators from an Indiana settlement, having 
found the trail of a horsethief, who had successfully carried his stolen 
animal as far as the Tow-Head, overtook the thief there, finding him 
fast asleep under the shade of this little grove. Without the form of 
a trial the offender was promptly executed by being hung by the neck 
to one of the trees until he was dead, where his body was found by the 
next passerby. This grove of timber was near the road which led from 
Salt Fork timber westward to Sadorus Grove and the Okaw. 

"About one mile north of the village of Philo, in the early times, 
was a tuft or small patch of timber and brush along the margin of a 
small pond, which protected it from the annual prairie fires of less 
than one acre, which, from the earliest settlement of the country, was a 
noted landmark for travelers, and which was known far and wide as 
the Tow-Head from its supposed resemblance to something bearing 
that name. Its position upon a very high piece of prairie made it 
visible for many miles around. It. has long since yielded to the march 
of improvement, and its foster guardian, the pond, has likewise given 
way to the same enemy of the picturesque, and now yields each year 
fine crops of corn. 

"A little distance north of the village of Ivesdale is a grove of small 
timber, formerly known as Cherry Grove by early settlers. Its name, 
perhaps now obsolete, was probably derived from the kind of timber 
growing in the grove, or most prevalent, as was the case with other 
groves heretofore named. These groves and belts of timber served the 
early comers here as landmarks, so conspicuous were they on the horizon, 
and, in the absence of trails to guide the traveler, they served an 
excellent purpose as such. 



HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 5 

"Adkins Point referred to a point of timber reaching to the north 
from the northwest corner of the Big Grove in Somer Township, and 
got its name from the residence there of the family of Lewis Adkins. 

"Nox's Point meant the locality of the village of Sidney, and 
received its name from the first settler in the point made by the Salt 
Fork timber in its eastward trend. The settler was William Nox. 

"Pancake's Point called to mind a point of timber reaching west- 
ward from the Sangamon timber in Newcomb Township, and owes its 
name to Jesse W. Pancake, who lived there more than fifty years since. 

"There was Sodom, a neighborhood above the village of Fisher, 
which was afterward used as the name of a postoffice established there. 
Why the location got this name so suggestive of evil reputation is not 
known. 

"So, Wantwood was applied to a treeless expanse of prairie reaching 
north from the head of Sangamon timber, the early settler knew not 
how far. 

FORDS 

"There were also fords across the streams where early roads, in 
default of bridges, led the traveler through deep waters. Of these 
there were Strong's Ford and Prather's Ford, both across the Salt 
Fork, one about a mile north and the other the same distance south 
of the village of St. Joseph. The former was where the iron bridge 
on the State road spans the stream, and was later called Kelley's Ford. 
Both fords received their distinctive names from nearby dwellers A 
ferry was maintained by Joseph T. Kelley at the former. The latter, 
'or Prather's Ford, was at the crossing of the Salt Fork by the Danville 
and Fort Clark road. 

"On the Sangamon were two well known fords with distinctive 
names. One at the village of Mahomet (or Middletown, as the village 
was known fifty years since) was called Bryan's Ford, from John 
Bryan, a contiguous land-owner, who maintained a ferry there. The 
iron bridge a few rods away has, for many years, furnished a better 
means of crossing the stream. The other, of historic fame, was known 
as Newcom's Ford, from Ethan Newcom, a pioneer who came to the 
county in the early '30s. It was at the crossing of the Sangamon River 
by the Danville and Fort Clark road, and, besides being a ford of the 
river, was a place where travelers camped in great numbers. It was 
near the line which divides Township 21 and 22, Range 8, and in later 
years it gave the name of Newcomb to another township, although the 
final "b" of the name, as thus used, is in addition to the spelling in 
use by the owner. Mr. Newcom spelled his name 'Ethan Newcom' 
where signed to a deed. 



6 HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

OLD "NEIGHBORHOODS" 

"Then there were neighborhoods in the county which, from some 
peculiarity or other in their early settlement, took upon themselves 
peculiar names, most of which have been forgotten or fallen into disuse. 
Among these may be recalled the Kentucky Settlement, now in Eantoul 
Township. This was on account of the coming there prior to 1860 of 
B. C. Bradley and many other thrifty farmers from Kentucky. The 
settlement was a compact gathering of good families upon a hitherto 
unbroken prairie, so arranged that the social and school advantages 
enjoyed elsewhere were not suspended. In like manner the location 
about the ridge in Philo Township, which divides the waters of the 
Salt Fork from those flowing into the Ambraw (Embarrass), about 
1856 became the home of a colony from Massachusetts and other Eastern 
states, among whom may be named E. W. Parker and his brother, G. W. 
Parker, Lucius, David and T. C. Eaton, and others of New England 
origin which gave the neighborhood the name Yankee Ridge, which 
it bears to this day. So, the gathering upon the flat lands bordering 
the headwaters of the Salt Fork in Compromise Township, of a large 
number of Germans, who distinguished themselves as good farmers 
and good citizens, has given their neighborhood the name of Dutch 
Flats, which it is likely to maintain." 

Thus have the water courses of Champaign County had a large 
share in fixing local nomenclature upon many sections which have not 
been officially named either by the postoffice department of the general 
Government or the Legislature of the State. 

ALTITUDES OF CITIES AND VILLAGES 

The topography of the county has been thoroughly delineated by 
the State Geological and the United States Geological surveys, as well 
as by experts connected with the University of Illinois, especially by 
Prof. C. W. Rolfe of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. 
Based upon such authorities, it is found that the altitudes of the 
incorporated cities and villages in the county are as follows : Ludlow, 
770; Champaign, 741; Rantoul, 756; Urbana, 718; Philo, 737; Tolono, 
733; Thomasboro, 731; Fisher, 721; Pesotum, 715; Mahomet, 709; 
Sadorus, 691 ; Ivesdale, 679 ; Longview, 678 ; St. Joseph, 676 ; Sidney, 
673; Homer, 661. 

ACTION OF GLACIERS 

A consideration of these elevations and others in other portions of 
the county indicates a general inclination of the land surface from 



HISTORY OP CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 7 

northwest to southeast, although, as stated, there is a distinct water- 
shed which divides the Wabash system from that of the Illinois and 
the Mississippi. This general trend was determined by glacial action, 
the great ice sheet moving down from the north, scouring off the land, 
its successive onward stages being indicated by ridges or, geologically 
speaking, moraines, which rise above the surface of the surrounding 
country to heights varying from twenty to a hundred feet. The glaciers 
which moved across what is now Champaign County were portions of 
what have become known as the Bloomington and the Champaign sys- 
tems, the former, which plowed across the northeast corner, being bold 
and aggressive in character and leaving behind ridges from fifty to a 
hundred feet high. The streams have cut these into knolls or hills, 
creating the most considerable heights in the county near Ludlow, 
from 820 to 830 feet above sea level; near Dillsburg, from 810 to 820 
feet, and just east of Gilford and Flatville, 820 feet. The second 
moraine enters from Piatt County in a series of ridges which join the 
Bloomington system when well within Champaign County. The main 
ridge enters near Mahomet, is broken by the Sangamon River, its 
heights ranging from 750 to 670 feet, and after reaching out into the 
central parts of the county, breaks into three distinct ridges and passes 
over into Vermilion County. At Rising, where an altitude of 810 feet 
is reached, the large branch which connects the Bloomington and Cham- 
paign systems, is given oft to the northeast. These moraines are the 
watersheds of the Wabash and Mississippi basins. 

No other single agent has been so potent in the modification of the 
surface of the earth as have glaciers and ice sheets; and this statement 
applies with particular significance to central Illinois and Champaign 
County. When it is remembered that these ice sheets were hundreds 
and possibly thousands of feet thick, and were hundreds of miles in 
width and length, some adequate idea may be formed of their power 
to plow up and completely change the surface structure of the earth. 

The debris which they brought from the Laurential mountains of 
Canada was distributed over Illinois generally, greatly to the enrich- 
ment of its soils. This material, which eventually became the wonder- 
fully productive soil in all the glacial areas, was transported in several 
ways. Much of it was pushed along mechanically in front of the 
advancing ice-sheet, so that when the forward movement began to be 
retarded, this material was left scattered along the edges of the advancing 
body. Much material was carried along under the ice-sheet and was 
ground and distributed over the glacial area. Other material, again, 
was carried to the surface of the ice-sheet, and often deeply imbedded 
in it. When the movement was finally checked, the superimposed mate- 



8 HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

rial becoming heated by the sun, worked its way through the ice and 
rested on the ground, the whole body of ice eventually melting. 

Vast quantities of material were also carried by the streams which 
continually flowed from the melting ice. Much of the detritus was 
left on the broad, flat prairies, but much was carried into the streams 
which overflowed their banks, where it was deposited as alluvium. 

The material which these glaciers brought into the State of Illinois, 
as the basis of her vast material wealth, goes under the general name of 
Drift. Its composition varies, but its main constituents are clay, sand 
and boulders. This drift is sometimes found stratified, but more gener- 
ally is without definite layer formation. 

Without going into details as to authorities, it may be stated that, 
in North America, there seems to have been three great centers of 
glacial movement one known as the Labrador ice sheet; a second 
called the Kewatin ice sheet, and the third, the Cordilleran ice sheet. 
The first sheet had its center of movement near the central point of the 
peninsula of Labrador; the second, near the western shore of Hudson 
Bay, and the third moved from the Canadian Rockies. 

The ice sheet, the center of which rested on the Labrador peninsula, 
moved northeast, northwest, south and southwest, the movement in the 
direction last named starting a large section of the vast body toward 
what is now the State of Illinois. The Labradorean sheet reached its 
extreme southern limit in southern Illinois, some 1,600 miles from the 
point of departure. The advancing front in Illinois took the form of 
a gigantic crescent, and its extreme southern reach, according to the 
most recent geological surveys, may be traced from Randolph County 
southeast, through the southern side of Jackson eastward through 
southern Williamson, east and northeast through southeastern Saline, 
northeastward to the Wabash through the northwest corner of Gallatin 
and southeastern White. That line also marks the southern limit of 
the prairie areas, and is coincident with the northern foothills of the 
Ozark Mountains, which trend east and west across the State through 
Union, Johnson, Pope and Hardin. 

According to the more recent investigations, Illinois was subject 
to at least four ice-sheet invasions. In the order of time, these were 
(a) the Illinois sheet, which covered nearly the entire State; (b) the 
lowan sheet, moving over the area bounded by the Rock River on 
the west, Wisconsin on the north, Lake Michigan on the east, and on 
the south by a parallel extended from the southerly bend of that body 
of water; (c) the Earlier Wisconsin, covering the northeastern fourth 
of Illinois, and (d) the Later Wisconsin, plowing out the western 
borders of Lake Michigan and extending some fifty or sixty miles west- 



HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 9 

ward. The Illinois ice-sheet is the one, obviously, which included 
Champaign County in its operations. The details of its work, in this 
more limited area, have already been given. 

SOIL 

The surface of Champaign County, as a general thing, is composed 
of black prairie soil, from one to five feet in thickness. This prairie 
soil is underlaid by a yellow clay subsoil. Below this clay subsoil 
occur alternate beds of clay, gravel and quicksand of the drift forma- 
tion to the depth of from 120 to 250 feet, below which there are other 
alternations of shale, slate, soapstone and limestone, with one or more 
beds of coal. 

Much of the loose materials found above the rocky beds of Cham- 
paign County are composed of what is called "drift," which consists of 
clay, sand, rounded and water-worn masses of granite and porphyry, 
together with the red sandstone of the Lake Superior region, all of 
which have been swept southward from their native beds with a force 
sufficient to obliterate the angles from the hardest fragments; and 
these have been rudely intermingled with the surface materials of the 
formations over which they were transported. This drift, as it was 
deposited, filled up the beds of the ancient valleys and covered much 
of the remaining surface to a greater or lesser depth. The transporta- 
tion of this "drift" for such a long distance is probably due to the slow 
but powerful movement of immense glaciers from the frozen regions of 
the north, in the same manner as the glaciers of the mountain regions 
of Europe are now slowly melting and sliding and dragging with them 
huge masses of mountain rock, wrenched off with Titantic force by the 
departing ice. 

ORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES 

Nothing in the New World was more interesting to the European 
than the broad prairies between the Mississippi and the Ohio. In 
1817 Governor Edward Coles, then a young man returning from a 
diplomatic mission to Russia, stopped in France and England. He 
was a Virginian, but had traveled through the West and had himself 
been greatly charmed by the rich grandeur of the prairie lands. The 
French and the English never tired of his graphic descriptions of them, 
and among his charmed auditors was Morris Birkbeck, a prosperous 
tenant farmer of England, who was thereby induced to come to America 
and settle in Edwards County, southeastern Illinois. In later years 
Dickens went into raptures over his first sight of a "western" prairie, 
revealing his sentiments in his "Notes on America." 



10 HISTOEY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

When the first French explorers reached the Mississippi Valley, they 
were amazed at the great sweep of timberless areas, although they 
originally applied their word, "prairie," to describe the flat bottom 
lands of the river valleys. Nor is the application of the word to such 
tracts inappropriate, as it has been shown by geologists that the forma- 
tion of the prairies of central Illinois is identical in character with the 
formation of the bottom lands along the Mississippi, the Ohio and other 
smaller rivers. 

When the first settlers came to the Illinois country they are said to 
have found about one-fourth of it timbered and the remainder timber- 
less, or prairie lands. They designated the largest timberless area the 
Grand Prairie, and it was virtually limited by the great watershed 
which divides the basins of the Mississippi and the Ohio. It extends 
from the northwestern part of Jackson County through Perry, part of 
Williamson, Washington, Jefferson, Marion, Fayette, Effingham, Coles, 
Champaign and Iroquois, crosses the Kankakee Eiver and extends to the 
southern end of Lake Michigan. Champaign County is therefore 
almost in the center of the Grand Prairie of Illinois. 

The origin of the prairies has been a debatable question for many 
decades. Three general theories have been advanced to account for their 
existence at the time of the coming of the earliest settlers into the 
limits of Illinois. One explanation is that the great prairie fires which 
annually swept over the Grand Prairie effectually kept the trees from 
making any headway. But there are two scientific explanations which 
seem to go more to the bedrock of the matter. 

Says a late writer on this subject : "Professor Whitney holds to 
the theory that the treeless prairies have had their origin in the char- 
acter of the original deposits, or soil formation. He does not deny, in 
fact admits, the submersion of all prairie lands formerly as lakes or 
swamps; but he holds that while the lands were so submerged there 
was deposited a very fine soil, which he attributes, in part, to the under- 
lying rocks, and in part to the accumulation in the bottom of immense 
lakes, of a sediment of almost impalpable fineness. This soil in its 
physical, and probably in its chemical, composition prevents the trees 
from naturally getting a foothold in the prairies. 

"Professor Lesquereux holds to the theory simply stated that all 
areas properly called prairies were formed by the redemption of what 
was once lake regions and later swamp territory. He points out that 
trees grow abundantly in moving water, but that when water is dammed 
the trees always die. His theory is that standing water kills trees by 
preventing the oxygen of the air from reaching their roots. He further 
shows that the nature of the soil in redeemed lake regions is such that 



HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 11 

without the help of man trees will not grow in it. But he further 
shows that by proper planting the entire prairie area may be covered 
with forest trees. 

"As rich as was the soil of our prairies, the first emigrants seldom 
settled far out on these treeless tracts. Most of the early comers were 
from the timbered regions of the older states and felt they could not 
make a living very far from the woods. Coal had not come into use 
and wood was the universal fuel. There was a wealth of mast in the 
timber upon which hogs could live a large part of the year. Again, 
our forefathers had been used to the springs of New England, Kentucky, 
Tennessee and Virginia, and they did not think they could live where 
they could not have access to springs. The early comer, back in the 
'30s, therefore, rode over the prairies of central Illinois, and then 
entered 160 in the timber, where he cleared his land and opened his 
farm." 

After a careful investigation of the subject, some of the most 
eminent geologists of Illinois have arrived at the conclusion that the 
extensive prairies of the West, with their peculiar soil, have been formed 
in the past pretty much as prairies on a smaller scale are being formed 
at the present day. The black, friable mold, of which the prairie soil 
is composed, is due to the growth and decay of successive crops of coarse 
swamp grasses, submerged in spring, and growing luxuriantly in summer, 
only to be submerged again, and returned, in a rotten condition, to 
the annual accumulations before made. It is not difficult to believe 
that in a few hundred years, more or less, as the great sheet of water 
that once covered the entire valley of the Mississippi and tributaries, 
gradually receded to the present water courses, and left the prairies in 
the condition of alternate wet and dry swails, that a black, mucky 
soil was produced to the depth now found upon the prairies. In process 
of time, by more complete recession of the waters, the surface of the 
prairies became dry, and adapted to the wants of animals and men. 
The fact of there being no trees on the prairies is accounted for on the 
ground that such a condition of the soil as is here described is not favor- 
able to their growth, as may be often noticed in the marshy spots of 
timbered regions. 

WATER SUPPLY 

The splendid water supply of Champaign County is accounted for 
by the presence of the glacial drift, which forms the striking feature 
of the surface geology of Champaign County. Miss DeEtte Rolfe, 
who has written much and well on this subject, explains the matter 
thus : "Irregularly interspersed in this drift are long strips and beds 



12 HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

of gravel which have their outcrops on the flanks of the moraines. 
These, being surrounded by the dense clay, form pockets which become 
reservoirs for the storage of water. It is on these reservoirs that the 
county must rely for its water supply. The water obtained from them 
is of good quality, except in the somewhat rare instances where the 
outcrop of the gravel bed is so situated as to be exposed to contaminating 
influences, or in those cases, which should never occur, where the wells 
themselves are contaminated. As these gravel beds are distributed 
through the drift at different depths, the well, even on adjoining lots, 
may vary in depth. The quantity of water furnished by a well is 
governed by the size of the gravel bed from which it draws its supply. 
The deep wells of the county generally draw from the beds deposited 
between the two sheets of drift; their difference in depth depends on 
the irregularities of the first drift surface." 

What is termed the "Artesian Water Eegion of Illinois" extends a 
short distance into the northeastern portion of Champaign County. It 
is simply a stratum of water-bearing sandstone, overlaid by a thick 
stratum of tough clay, which confines the water to the sandstone level. 
Wherever holes are drilled through this overlying clay, the confined 
waters of the sandstone rise to the surface through the outlets, furnish- 
ing an economical and valuable supply of water for agricultural pur- 
poses. This stratum of sandstone is called the St. Peter's, and is 
supposed to be the same stratum that supplies artesian water to the 
counties of LaSalle, Grundy, Will and Cook. 

Clay and sand are the only elements underlying the Champaign 
prairie-sod that can be used for building purposes. Of the clay, a fair 
quality of brick and drain tile are being made in several places. The 
fire-clay, soapstone and limestone are covered too deeply with "drift" 
to admit of their being economically brought to the surface. Our chief 
sources of building stone and lime must continue to be the quarries of 
Kankakee. 

SWAMP LANDS RECLAIMED 

Until about forty years ago a class of Champaign County lands was 
as carefully avoided as the prairies of an earlier period ; like the 
prairie lands, they also proved of unusual value. For years the swamps 
and lowlands were considered as tracts which were worse than valueless; 
as so many pestilential breeders of malaria and other diseases. But in 
the early '50s much Federal and State legislation was directed toward 
the policy of donating such overflowed lands to the various counties. 
The result was to direct the attention of the county authorities more 



HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 13 

particularly to the subject, and cause them to consider whether after 
all they should not attempt to reclaim the swamp lands to conditions 
of productiveness. In 1853 Benjamin Thrasher was appointed to exam- 
ine all the unsold lands in the county coming within the definition of 
the Federal Act as "swamp and overflowed lands," and to submit a 
report thereof to the County Court. He reported that 85,000 acres in 
Champaign County answered to that description, and nearly 36,000 
acres of such land was subsequently confirmed to the county. These 
lands were sold and the funds used, in part, for the erection of a court- 
house in 1860 and to increase the school fund. 

It was upon these lands that the great work of drainage was accom- 
plished nearly twenty years thereafter. In 1878 the State Constitution 
was amended by the addition of the drainage section, which authorized 
the formation of drainage companies, the digging and tiling of ditches, 
and for purposes of regulation and systematic work it divided the sub- 
merged lands into districts, with supervising officials. Soon after the 
year 1880 the system and the work were in operation. Since then the 
cost of these improvements has been great, having been estimated at con- 
siderable over $1,000,000. This embraces expenditures made by private 
individuals, by local districts organized by township authorities, and by 
the authority and direction of the County Court. The lands thus 
reclaimed now embrace some of the most productive and valuable tracts 
in the State. Some of the most important of these drainage districts are 
known as the East Lake Fork, Two-Mile Slough, Beaver Lake, Big 
Slough, Kankakee, Embarrass Eiver, Wild Cat, Hillsbury Slough, Spoon 
River and Little Vermilion River. 

STANDARD CHAMPAIGN COUNTY CEREALS 

The soils of Champaign County seem to be especially formed to 
raise corn and oats. The elements were what they should be, as fur- 
nished by Nature, and the husbandman has not allowed the necessary 
ingredients to be exhausted. The result is that year after year corn 
and oats are bumper crops, and grain dealers throughout the country 
have long considered the Champaign County cereals as standard. In 
the production of corn the county not only leads the State but the 
United States. The figures vary considerably, as in other sections of 
the State, one of the most productive years being that of 1915, in which 
the county raised 13,742,000 bushels of corn and 11,928,000 bushels of 
oats, valued together at $11,219,924. In 1916, the yield dropped to 
8,131,644 bushels of corn and 9,124,920 bushels of oats, the total value 
of which was $9,699,037 $6,505,315 for corn and $3,193,722 for oats. 




M 



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<1 

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HISTOKY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 15 

In that year, also Champaign County led all the counties of the State 
in the yield and value of its oats, and, on the whole, has but one serious 
competitor in Illinois, McLean County. The county has a large acre- 
age in winter wheat nearly 30,000 acres, and has made a good start in 
alfalfa and timothy seed. 

DAIRY PRODUCTS AND LIVE STOCK 

Its dairy products comprise milk, cream and butter in the following 
quantities (1916) : 70,884 gallons of milk and 69,866 gallons of cream, 
valued respectively at $19,139 and $69,886, and 98,876 pounds of butter, 
at $36,584. In the central division of counties, to which the State 
Board of Agriculture assigns Champaign, the county ranks fifth in 
the annual sale of butter, which brought, on an average, 37 cents in 
1916. 

For the raising of live stock Champaign County possesses unusual 
advantages, on account of its abundant and pure water supply, its 
equable temperature and the adaptability of its soils to the production 
of nutritious grasses. Its horses, especially, are hard to beat, either 
in quality or quantity. In this regard it stands second among the central 
counties of Illinois, and fifth in the entire State. In the raising of 
horses McLean is the star county of the State, having 49,757 in 1916, 
as compared to 25,424 in Champaign. In May, 1916, the latter had, 
also, 13,339 beef cattle, valued at $233,551, 6,719 dairy cows, at $537,520, 
and 25,115 hogs, valued at $375,210. 

BIRDS AS INSECT DESTROYERS 

The farmer has no greater enemy to his crops and to his consequent 
well-being than the obnoxious insect, and there is seldom one which does 
not retard some form of vegetable life if allowed to flourish unchecked. 
Consequently certain varieties of the feathered tribe are the farmers' 
most useful friends; which they are, and what kind of obnoxious 
insects are their specially favored diets are thus told by 0. M. Schantz, 
president of the Illinois Audubon Society : 

"It is with very mixed feelings that I come to this meeting of the 
State Farmers' Institute to talk to the people of southern Illinois about 
birds. I am not a farmer and do not belong to this part of the country, 
but my wife was born in Carbondale and my mother-in-law in Metropolis, 
and I have heard of southern Illinois ever since I married into this 
interesting family of which I am a member. [Applause.] 

"The State of Illinois is 378 miles long in its greatest length and 



16 HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

210 miles wide. Owing to its length and its peculiar position, it has 
almost as great a range of climatic influences, geographical influences, 
and so on, as any State in the Union. Therefore, its flora and fauna, 
its animal and vegetable life are extremely varied. The northern part 
is entirely different in its geography and its animal life from the south- 
ern part. By its location, part of it touching Lake Michigan and the 
rest of it being tributary to the great Mississippi Valley, except for the 
water fowl of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, more migratory birds 
pass through the Mississippi Valley than through any other part of 
the United States. 

"In the consideration of a question of so great importance to the 
Illinois farmer as the relation of birds to farm economy, it is very 
necessary to make clear in the most direct manner possible, just how and 
why the farmer is to be benefited. 

"The proper time to plant, seasonable weather during the growing 
season and also for the harvesting of crops, are, naturally, the most 
evident factors in successful farming. 

"The old-fashioned, unprogressive farmer gave little thought to 
other and less noticeable handicaps, such as plant diseases and the 
myriads of insects that were the natural enemies of both his fruit and 
cereal crops. With the rapid increase in the value of farm lands, the 
competition for markets, and so forth, it has become absolutely neces- 
sary for a farmer to know every factor that may enter farm economy, 
or he fails to win out. 

"The lax use of powers of observation is rapidly disappearing, and 
today our farmers are growing more ajid more alive to the fact that a 
knowledge of scientific farming is the only way to make 150 to 250 
acres yield a profit. 

"The agricultural colleges of many states, and the Federal Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, have for many years past conducted most 
exhaustive research as to the losses due to noxious insects, and the most 
effective means of curtailing these losses. 

"We have, by cultivation and removal of forests, disturbed the nat- 
ural balance of nature. Some of the changes have been beneficial, 
others very harmful. We have made conditions extremely favorable 
for the rapid increase of certain noxious insects. Insect life increases 
at such an incredible rate that with no check of any kind everything 
green would soon disappear, and in a short time the land would be 
uninhabitable. 

"On the other hand, it is a well known fact that certain of our most 
useful birds increase as a result of the settlement of land. 

"Many birds are very tolerant of man, if reasonably protected and 
allowed to rear their young undisturbed. 



HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 17 

"In the earlier years of the settlement of the country there did not 
exist the same need for watchfulness that is necessary today. 

"The problem of adequate food supply for the world is a part of the 
problem of the United States. One hundred years ago, very few men 
devoted even a small portion of their time to the study of insects in 
their relation to the food supply, or to the careful study of birds as 
the most effective check on the spreading of injurious insects. Today 
thousands of men and women are preparing earnestly for these very 
important studies, and the biological departments of our colleges and 
universities are of the most importance and popular in all parts of the 
United States. 

"The Illinois Audubon Society was organized less than twenty years 
ago by a few very earnest bird lovers in Chicago. Their primary object 
was no doubt a humane desire to protect from destruction the many 
beautiful birds that came in such great numbers to the woodlands 
and parks in and around Chicago. The time has come when a much 
greater field is open for it and similar societies, for intelligent work 
for the protection of birds, not only for their beauty and wonderful 
songs, but as a vital factor in the economics of the country's food 
supply. 

"The problem of the city bird lover is largely different from that of 
the farmer and the people of the smaller cities and villages. 

"The larger cities, particularly Chicago, are flooded with thousands 
of immigrants, to whom the United States means all sorts of liberty. 
License to kill birds, we understand, is in some parts of southern Europe 
held out as a great inducement to prospective emigrants in connection 
with cheaper living. Cheap firearms are sold everywhere, and Sundays 
and holidays during the summer months see each day a veritable 'armed 
host' scouring the prairies and woodlands ready to kill anything that 
flies. 

"Where transportation is cheap, these irresponsible shooters reach 
the farms, and not only trespass on the fields of growing grain, but 
shoot thousands of the farmers' best friends, the birds, or if no birds can 
be found, his domestic chickens, ducks or turkeys. 

"The problems of Illinois are those of Iowa and the other adjoining 
prairie states. 

"No crop raised by the farmer is immune from insect foes. Many 
of these insects are so minute that they ordinarily escape the notice 
of the casual observer, yet the damage annually done on a single farm 
by these inconspicuous insects may run into large sums of money. 

"The different aphides or plant lice, whose life cycle is only a few 
days, increase with such astounding rapidity that the figures startle. 

12 




FARMERS' FRIENDS 
(Insect Destroyers) 



HISTOEY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 19 

"These soft small insects, of which thousands could be held in one's 
hand, frequently cover the stems of their host plants completely. 

"The greatest enemy of the different aphides is the warbler family, 
which numbers among the twenty-five or thirty varieties that visit us 
many of our smallest birds. The number of insects that a pair of 
these little birds will consume for a single meal is almost beyond compre- 
hension. 

"To better understand the ability of birds to check insects, it is 
necessary to know something of their marvelous powers of digestion. 
Birds fill themselves to running over with either weed seeds or insects 
so that frequently they are replete up to the bill. The process of diges- 
tion is so powerful and rapid that they can eat almost without stopping, 
many birds consuming an amount of food each day equal to about one- 
third of their own weight. 

"The temperature of birds and their circulation is much greater than 
that of other animals, consequently it is largely a matter of fuel enough 
to keep the machinery going properly. 

"Much painstaking work has been done recently in the State of 
Massachusetts in order to ascertain the effect that wild birds have on 
the awful insect pests which have become so serious a problem in that 
State. 

"While the conditions in Illinois are vastly different from those in 
Massachusetts, the results of the investigation should be of great interest 
to Illinois farmers. 

"It has been proven that almost without exception all birds have a 
good balance to their credit over and above the damage they do; that 
even such conspicuously aggressive birds as the bluejay, grackle and 
crow have a large credit in assisting to destroy both larvas and adults of 
the gypsy and brown-tailed moths. Such birds as feed on fruits 
robins, catbirds, cedar birds and others also devour enough insect pests 
to have the balance in their favor. 

"Many birds are peculiarly adapted to attend certain insects, and the 
birds have been very happily alluded to by one writer as the police of 
the orchard and garden. 

"The seed-eating birds, which include the sparrows and finches, 
destroy weeds by the million. Three mourning doves' stomachs con- 
tained by actual count a total of 23,100 weed seeds, consumed at one meal. 

"All of the thrush family, of which the robin and bluebird are the 
best known members, are valuable insect destroyers. The flycatchers, 
headed by the kingbird and phoebe, and containing about eighty nearly 
related species, the swallows, martins, night hawks and chimneyswifts, 
are policemen of the air. 



20 HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

"The towhee and many sparrows forage on the ground; the nut- 
hatches, woodpeckers and brown creepers take care of the trunk and 
branches; and the warblers and vireos examine the leaves and buds. 
The entire tree or shrub is thoroughly guarded. Out in the open, the 
meadow lark, bobolink, bobwhite, prairie chicken and many others keep 
tab on grasshoppers, crickets and myriads of other insects. No insect 
family escapes; it has an ardent, relentless foe in some bird. 

"Now, what is your duty to your bird friends? Make your premises 
attractive. Furnish bird boxes or nests ; feed the birds in winter ; exter- 
minate stray cats; plant vines and shrubbery bearing fruits agreeable 
to birds; help to legislate against shooting; train the small boy to 
respect and love the birds and not to collect birds' eggs ; teach him also 
to shoot with a field or opera glass. If a bird helps itself to a little of 
your fruit, before destroying the bird look up its record and see what 
insects he preys upon. 

"Observe closely the birds at nesting time and note the tireless 
energy with which the young birds eat, and then do a little calculating by 
multiplying the number of times fed by the insects fed at a meal. 

"Read literature on the subject of bird conservation. Result: Sure 
and lasting conversion to the side of the birds. . 

"Scientific men look with alarm at the rapidly decreasing bird popu- 
lation. The rapid increase of population, encroaching more and more 
on the nesting places, lessens the available woodland and prairie where 
the birds may nest and not be disturbed. 

"Intelligent planting of shrubbery and vines along roadsides, as is 
contemplated by the Lincoln Highway movement, will in part overcome 
this condition. 

"Concerted efforts by states and at Washington for better bird pro- 
tection, the education of all classes as to the beneficial part the bird has 
in our daily life, vigorous prosecution for violation of our present game 
laws, the taxing of cats, the encouragement of organizations for bird 
study all these are necessary and important features of the growing 
intelligent effort for bird conservation. 

"See that some one attends to the purchasing of good bird books for 
your public library; offer prizes to your children for best observations 
or well written papers about birds, their habits and usefulness these 
papers, or the best of them, to be published in your local paper. 

"There is no reason why, in this tremendous State, a powerful and 
concerted effort should not be made for bird conservation and protection 
which would place the State of Illinois in the first rank in the Union 
for such work. 

"Nowhere in the entire United States is there a greater and more 



HISTOEY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 21 

interesting bird' migration, both spring and fall, than in this State. 
The State's length gives it a wonderfully interesting plant life and 
variety of climate. This, in part, explains its variety of bird life. 

"A very small sum as an individual contribution, if given by enough 
people, would maintain a paid expert whose duty might be that of State 
ornithologist. 

"There is a man in Massachusetts who gives his entire time and 
energy to this very important work, and whose book, 'Useful Birds and 
Their Protection,' is the last word in bird conservation." 

CEHEALS SUPPLANT FRUITS 

The friable soil and the equable climate of Champaign County are 
adapted to the raising of fruits, and its horticultural society has been 
maintained for many years. Despite the advantages of soil and cli- 
mate and the best efforts of the birds, however, the insect pest has been 
most aggressive of late years, and the cereals have almost superseded 
the fruits. In early times that great drawback was little known in 
the county or the State, and before the year 1853 the planting of 
orchards in the county had become quite common. Apples were the 
favorite fruit and the Milam the favorite variety. Peaches were also 
abundantly grown, while the smaller fruits flourished in their wild state. 
Thickets of plums grew along the margins of the timber belts and in 
some of the groves, and wild blackberries and strawberries in the denser 
woods. But these conditions are now almost things of the past, although 
there still remain striking evidences of what may be done in horticul- 
ture with extreme care and large means in the wonderful Dunlap 
orchards at Savoy. As early as 1858 M. L. Dunlap settled at Eural 
Home, planted his first orchards, set out his nurseries and protected 
all by belts of forest trees, and now sends out his luscious apples by 
the ton, and resides in a country palace which is world-famed. But his 
is the notable exception to the general rule that other branches of 
agriculture have supplanted horticulture in Champaign County. 

HISTORY OF HORTICULTURE IN THE COUNTY 

In 1870 the most complete account of the development of the horti- 
cultural interests of the county was written by H. J. Dunlap, now of 
Kankakee, Illinois, but for many years secretary of the County Agricul- 
tural, Horticultural and Mechanical Association. It is as follows: 

"The first orchard planting of which I have been able to obtain 
any information was done about the year 1838 by William Sadorus, in 



22 HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

the timber near the southwest corner of the county, now called Sadorus' 
Grove. It was made of fifty Milam sprouts obtained near Terre Haute, 
Indiana, eighty miles distant, and afterwards extended by planting 150 
more of the same sort. These trees commenced to bear in 1842, four 
years after planting, and continued to produce large annual crops until 
1854 or 1855, since which time there have been several failures, and 
many of these trees are now dead or dying. Several years after the 
orchard was planted some of the trees were grafted over to Vandevere 
Pippin, Yellow Bellflower, Roxbury Russet, etc. Some of these varie- 
ties have very good quality. The Roxbury Russet does not bear large 
crops, and is not a very good keeper. This orchard is in a cove in the 
timber, protected on the south, west and north. Mr. Sadorus is still 
living, and takes quite an interest in horticulture. 

"Many other orchards were set out in this neighborhood from the 
sprouts produced from these Milams. The only valuable apple that was 
planted seems to have been the Milam. 

"Several years after Mr. Sadorus' planting, orchards were set at or 
near Big Grove, near Urbana, by James T. Roe, Robert Brownfield, 
Fielding, Martin Rhinehart, James Clemens, William Robert and 
others. James T. Roe had a small nursery which consisted principally 
of Milams. Mr. Brownfield procured 100 trees from Kentucky, most 
Milam, Winter Wine and Yellow Bellflower, which continue healthy 
and bear good crops. 

"Martin Rhinehart's orchard consisted of Bellflowers, Vandevere 
Pippin, Seek-no-farther, Winter Wine, Fall Pippin, Pound Sweet and 
Pumpkin Sweet. Mr. Brownfield now owns this orchard, also the 
one of 100 trees originally planted by him. Four years ago the first 
100 trees yielded 400 bushels. This season both orchards had only 600 
bushels. There had been no insects to diminish the yield of fruit until 
two years ago, when the coddling moth first made its appearance in 
numbers sufficient to destroy nearly the entire crop. Mr. Brownfield 
turned in his hogs to eat the fallen fruit, and thinks, had they been 
kept in it all the season, that he would have headed the moth, but as 
soon as the fruit was large enough to sell the hogs were removed. The 
fruit was not picked up every day, so that a sufficient number of worms 
escaped to injure the past season's crop, but not to as great an extent as 
the preceding one. 

"Josh Trickle planted twelve seedling trees at an early day, some 
of which are now dead, others remaining thrifty and fruitful. 

"Mr. Brownfield thinks the Green Winter Pippin his most valuable 
winter apple. The Rawles' Janet is one of the best keepers. Large 
Romanite was also planted quite extensively by the early settlers. The 



HISTOEY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 23 

principal varieties brought to market from the old orchards are Milam, 
Pennock, Vandevere Pippin, Yellow Bellflower, Eawles' Janet and 
Winesap. 

"It is almost impossible to find a good eating apple in either Cham- 
paign or Urbana during fall or early winter except Milams; but Snow, 
Eambo, Porter and some others of the newer varieties begin to make 
their appearance from the later planted orchards. Of these there are 
quite a large number commencing to bear. Prominent among these 
are the orchards of M. L. and M. Dunlap, J. B. Phinney, C. F. Colum- 
bia, E. Allen and others. 

"Until 1856 there had been no established nursery in the county, 
but several parties had kept small stocks sent from abroad to be sold 
here. Nearly all the trees prior to that time came from the Eochester 
nurseries, and were mostly Baldwins, Northern Spys, Eussets, Green- 
ings, etc., nearly all of which are valueless on the prairie, although 
isolated instances occur where individual trees of these varieties, from 
some local cause, have done well. 

"The Messrs. Curtis of Paris, Edgar County, L. Ellsworth & Co. of 
Naperville, DuPage County, and other Western nurserymen, furnished 
more or less trees. To their credit be it said more of them are better 
adapted to our climate and soil than those brought from the East. I 
suspect this to be more the result of accident than design, for fifteen or 
twenty years ago the subject of what varieties were best adapted to the 
West was but little understood, owing to the limited experience of the 
orchardists in the West. Now the thing is different, and there is no 
valid excuse for a man to plant trees that are not hardy, productive and 
valuable. 

"In April, 1856, M. L. Dunlap established the first nursery for 
growing and selling trees, commencing by planting 120,000 grafts, 
comprising nearly 150 varieties. Owing to the extreme dryness of the 
season, nearly all the grafts failed to grow. Doubtless this was a bless- 
ing to the future purchasers of these trees, had they lived and grown, 
for in this list of varieties were nearly 100 that are unsuitable for 
Western orchards; but at that time they were untried, and, therefore, 
it was not possible to know their value. The writer has often sold 
100 trees for an orchard in which were from sixty to seventy varieties, 
the purchaser wanting as many varieties as possible. Now the desire 
of most planters has been narrowed down to ten or fifteen well-known 
sorts, and a disposition manifested to let some one else experiment. 

"Mr. Dunlap, intending to make fruit-growing a part of his busi- 
ness, planted an orchard of 1,500 trees, 500 of these being seedling, into 
which it was the intention to top-graft new and untried varieties. Some 





SAMPLES OF HOME-GBOWN CORN 



HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 25 

of these have been grafted, others still remain. The first orchard was 
more of an experimental one than anything else, many varieties being 
then planted that the proprietor would not now allow to be set on his 
grounds, while others, new and untried, have proved valuable. 

"Other nurseries soon sprung up, and tree planting was stimulated 
to a great extent; and had all the trees lived that have been planted in 
the county we should now be supplied with an abundance of fruit ; but, 
as is usual (so far as my observation goes), not one in ten has even 
brought forth fruit. 

"In the early planting of fruit trees, I have been unable to find 
that any pears, quinces, cherries or plums were planted, except the 
common Morello cherry; but of late years they have been extensively 
set out. The first cherry trees sold were, of course, from Rochester, and 
consisted of many thousands. I doubt if one tree ever bore a full crop, 
or else did it once and died. The principal variety now planted is the 
Early May (Richmond), of which hundreds of bushels are sent to the 
Chicago market from this station annually. 

"Pear culture is yet in its infancy, but there is no good reason why 
it should not be as successful here as elsewhere. In the spring of 1865 
the writer planted the first acre of strawberries in the county for market. 
The next season Mr. G. M. Rice set out five acres, Platt, Fuller & 
Earle twenty, G. D. Wicks three and several other parties smaller quan- 
tities. From that beginning of one acre five years ago has sprung up 
a large trade in this fruit, several thousand bushels being shipped from 
the country every season. 

"In raising other small fruits not much is done, although the culture 
of raspberries, blackberries and grapes is extending, so that in two or 
three years the products from the present plantations will begin to make 
a perceptible impression on the markets. 

"In my conversations with the old settlers I have often inquired .if 
seedling appear to retain their vigor longer than grafted varieties, and 
have been told that out of a given number of trees by far the largest 
number of seedling give up the ghost first. 

"It also appears strange that there should not be some old pear 
trees, but I can not hear of one more than twenty years old. 

"The first May cherries of which I have any knowledge were planted 
fourteen years ago. They were on Mazzard, Mahaleb and Morello stocks. 
Those on Mazzard are years since dead and forgotten; some of the 
Morellos are still alive and bear good crops, although the annual 
cuttings they received in their early days when scions were scarce have 
sadly marred their beauty and thrifty look. 

"Peaches were extensively grown, while the county was new and 



26 HISTOBY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

before railroads brought in the curculio; but the winters of 1855-56 
destroyed many trees, since which time, owing to the unfavorable sea- 
sons and curculio, not enough of this fruit has been raised for home 
use." 

In 1877, or seven years after Mr. Dunlap's article was written, 
another authority in the county reviewed the horticultural situation 
which at that time was quite bright. He said : "We cannot close this 
article without at least a glance at the horticultural progress made 
during the past twenty years. Then there was not sufficient fruit grown 
in the county for home use. Great numbers of wagons came from the 
Wabash country every fall, laden with apples, mostly Milams, Vandi- 
vere Pippins and Pennsylvania Eedstreaks. Now one seldom sees a 
specimen of either of the above-named, their places having been filled 
with varieties of Eastern and Northern origin. There are now thousands 
of barrels of apples and carloads of small fruit shipped from this county 
every year, and this industry may be said to rank next to wheat in its 
importance and value. In selecting a site for an orchard it is neces- 
sary to have all dry ground. Underdraining in an orchard is so much 
money thrown away. In two or three years the tree roots will fill the 
largest tile and entirely obstruct the flow of water. We should prefer 
to have a belt of some forest-trees on the south, west and north sides of 
an orchard, in order to break the force of the wind. A good hedge is 
also almost indispensable. 

"For varieties for home use, where early bearing is required, we 
would recommend for summer, Eed Astracan, Bed June, Sweet Bough 
and Benoni; for autumn, Snow, Stanard, Eambo, Lowell and American 
Pearmain, which is not an early bearer, but is one of the most delicious 
apples on the list. For winter, Jonathan, Smith's Cider, Minkler, 
Wagoner, Ben Davis, Winesap, Eawles' Janet and Willow Twig. 

"For market purposes we should plant not to exceed four varieties 
and they of winter fruit, viz. : Ben Davis, Winesap, Eawles' Janet and 
Willow Twig. 

"There are a great many other good varieties, much better in quality 
than those named, but all possess some defect. 

"Of pears, peaches, plums, cherries, etc., the nurserymen keep an 
assortment of well-known varieties, all of which are more or less profit- 
able." 

AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 

Since the early '50s Champaign County has strongly supported every 
organization and interest which tended to develop its great agricultural 
resources and the abilities and enterprise of its farmers and horticul- 





CLEANLY LIFE OF MODERN SWINE (CONCRETE WALLOWS) 



28 HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 

turists. From the first there was a deep realization of the desirability 
of cooperation and education along these lines, both as a guarantee of 
future growth and a safeguard for continuous livelihood and prosperity. 
The result was that even during the early '50s, when Prof. Jonathan B. 
Turner of Jacksonville and others were urging the establishment of a 
State university, its basic idea was recognized as the encouragement of 
the broad and intelligent development of agriculture, and the farmers' 
clubs were solidly behind the movement. Some fifteen years afterward, 
when the Illinois Industrial University was incorporated and located 
at Urbana, that object was still uppermost. The president of the State 
Agricultural Society was perh