THE DAILY NEWS 

ALMANAC 



REMOTE STORAGE 



ftarnhxg an> JTabor. 

LIBRARY 

OF THE 

| University of Illinois. 

CLASS. BOOK. VOLUME. 



Books are not to be taken from the Library. 
Accession No. 



ILLINOIS HISTORICAL SUKVEY 



THE DAILY NEWS 



(/ ! 



ALMANAC 



AND 



POLITICAL REGISTER 



FOR 



1896. 



COMPILED BY GEO. E. PLUMBE, A. B., LL. B. 



TWELFTH YEAR. 



ISSUED BY 
THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPANY. 

THE CHICAGO QUARTERLY 

OF 

THE CHICAGO RECORD and THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS. 

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY AT CHICAGO, ILL., BY THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS CO. 
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 PER YEAH.- 

VOL. 3, NO. 2. JANUARY, 189fi. 
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFKICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. 







PREFACE, 



THE DAILY NEWS ALMANAC AND POLITICAL REGISTER for 1896 is com 
piled with special reference to the political campaign of the year. The very 
general and widespread interest that has been excited by the discussion of 
the silver question and the action of political organizations regarding it 
makes it reasonably certain that it will play an important part in the pending 
presidential campaign. A very generous amount of space has been given in 
the present issue to a perfectly impartial statement of the various phases of 
the silver question and to invaluable statistics bearing upon the subject. 
Most that is of permanent value on the subject that has been brought out by 
the year's discussion is condensed into a popular form in these pages. 

The tariff is quite likely to be an important issue in the coming 
political struggle and large additions have been made to what has usually 
been published in the ALMANAC on that subject. The table giving our 
exports to and imports from every foreign country shows the trend of 
our trade and commerce. The history of the government's dealings with 
the bond syndicate outlines one of the most peculiar monetary operations in 
the history of national finances in this or any other country. 

The elections in fourteen states of the union full returns of which 
ate given show the tendency of political thought and will serve as a basis 
for future calculations. 

Unusual efforts have been put forth, by large additions of new and 
fresh material, to make THE DAILY NEWS ALMANAC AND POLITICAL REGISTER 
for 1896 not only popular with but a necessity to all thinking American 
citizens who desire to acquaint themselves with political issues and measures 
with the view to casting an intelligent ballot in the next presidential election. 

CHICAGO, 111., Jan. 1, 1896. 



a* 







Chicago Daily News Almanac 

1896. 

NOTE. The time given In this Almanac is local mean time, except when otherwise indicated. 



ECLIPSES. 
In the year 1896 there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon. 

I. An Annular Eclipse of the Sun, February 13. Invisible to North America. Visible to 
the south-eastern coast of South America, Southern Africa and the South Atlantic and Ant- 
irctlc Oceans. The line of Annulus passing through the Antarctic Ocean. 

II. A Partial Eclipse of the Moon, February 28. Invisible to North America. Visible en- 
tire to Europe, Asia and Africa, and in part to Australia, the eastern extremity of South 
America and the Atlantic Ocean. 




bUTUUgJU XlUVOf XWlUIMa Uliu X OBOUt .1 il }>.l II. 

Sun setting slightly eclipsed at 7 h. 53 m. 

IV. A Partial Eclipse of the Moon, August 22-23. Visible entire to North and South Amer- 
ica and the Sandwich Islands, and In part to the western extremities of Europe and Africa, to 
eastern Australia, and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Occurring as follows: 





CHICAGO. 


ST. LOUIS. 


ST. PAUL. 


Moon enters Penumbra 


D. H. M. 

22 10 7 A. 


D. H. M. 

22 10 7 A. 


D. H. M. 
22 10 7 A. 




11 25 A. 


11 25 A. 


11 25 A. 


Middle of Eclipse . 


23 58 M. 


23 58 M. 


23 58 M. 




2 30 M. 


2 30 M. 


2 30 M. 


Moon leaves Penumbra. .. 


3 48 M. 


3 48 M. 


3 48 M. 



First contact of shadow, 79 degrees from south point of the Moon's limb toward the east. 
Magnitude of Eclipse = 0.735. (Moon' s diameter = 1.) 



THE FOTJR SEASONS. 



SEASON. 


Begins. 


Lasts. 


Winter 


December 21, 1895, 7:38 P.M. 
March 19, 1896, 8:23 P.M. 


D. H. M. 
89 04 
92 19 58 




June 20, 1896, 4:27 P.M. 


. 92 14 3fi 


Autumn 


September 22, 18%, 7:03 A.M. 


89 18 31 


Winter... 


December 21.1896, 1:29 A.M. 





February 

May 



EMBER DAYS. 

26, 28, 29 I September 

27, 29, 30 | December 



16, 18, 19 

16, 18, 19 



MORNING AND EVENING STARS. 

MERCURY will be Evening Star about January 23, May 16 and September 18; and Morning 
Star about March 5, July 3 and October 24. 

VENUS will be Morning Star till July 9; and then Evening Star the rest of the year. 

JUPITER will be Morning Star till January 24; then Evening Star till August 11; and then 
Morning Star again the rest of the year. 

CHURCH DAYS AND CYCLES OF TIME. 



Epiphany Jan. 6 

Septuageslma Sunday Feb. 2 

Sexagesima Sunday Feb. 9 

Quinquagesima Sunday Feb. 16 

Ash Wednesday Feb. 19 

Quadragesima Sunday Feb. 23 

Purina Feb. 28 

Mid-Lent Sunday Mar. 8 

Palm Sunday Mar. 29 

Good Friday Apr. 3 

Easter Sunday Apr. 5 

Low Sunday Apr. 12 

Rogation Sunday May 10 

Ascension Day May 14 



Whit Sunday May 24 

Trinity Sunday May 31 

Corpus Christ! June 4 

Hebrew New Year (5657) Sept. 8 

First Sunday in Advent Nov. 29 

Christmas Dec. 25 

Dominical Letters E D 

Solar Cycle 

Lunar Cycle (or Golden Number) 

Roman Indiction 

Epact (Moon's Age, Jan. 1) 15 

Julian Period ( 

Year of the World (Septuagint) 7404-7405 

Dionysian Period 225 



IHoon's leases. 


1896- 




i). 


EASTERN TIME. 


CENTRAL TIME. 


MOUNTAIN TIME 


PACIFIC TIME. 


January. 


Last Quarter. 
New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 


7 
14 

22 

:>o 


H. M. 

10 25 morn. 
5 19 eve. 
9 42 eve. 
3 55 morn. 


H. M. 
9 25 morn. 
4 19 eve. 
8 42 eve. 
2 55 morn. 


H. M. 
8 25 morn. 
3 19 eve. 
7 42 eve. 
1 55 morn. 


H. M. 

7 25 morn. 
2 19 eve. 
6 42 eve. 
55 morn. 


February 


Last Quarter. 
New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Fullifoon 


5 

13 
21 
2* 


7 38 eve. 
11 12 morn. 
4 14 eve. 
2 51 eve. 


6 38 eve. 
10 12 morn. 
3 14 eve. 
1 51 eve. 


5 38 eve. 
9 12 morn. 
214 eve. 
51 eve. 


4 38 eve. 
8 12 morn. 
1 14 eve. 
11 51 morn. 


March. 


Last Quarter. 
New Moon. . . 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 


a 

14 
22 
29 


6 29 morn. 
5 48 morn. 
6 57 morn. 
2l morn. 


5 29 morn. 
4 48 morn. 
5 57 morn. 
11 21 eve.* 
*28th. 


4 29 morn. 
3 48 morn. 
4 57 morn. 
10 21 eve.* 
*28th. 


3 29 morn. 
2 48 morn. 
3 57 morn. 
9 21 eve.* 
*28th. 


'C 
6, 
< 


Last Quarter. 
New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 


4 
12 
20 
27 


7 24 eve. 
11 23 eve. 
5 47 eve. 
8 47 morn. 


6 24 eve. 
10 23 eve. 
4 47 eve. 
7 47 morn. 


5 24 eve. 
9 23 eve. 
3 47 eve. 
6 47 morn. 


4 24 eve. 
8 23 eve. 
2 47 eve. 
5 47 morn. 


>> 

(3 
S 


Last Quarter. 
New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 


4 
12 
20 
2ti 


10 25 morn. 
2 46 eve. 
1 21 morn. 
4 56 eve. 


9 25 morn. 
1 46 eve. 
21 morn. 
3 56 eve. 


8 25 morn. 
46 eve. 
11 21 eve.* 
2 56 eve. 
*19th. 


7 25 morn, 
ll 46 morn. 
10 21 eve.* 
1 56 eve. 
*19th. 




a 
p 

1-5 


Last Quarter. 
New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 


8 
11 

18 
25 


3 2 morn. 
3 43 morn. 
6 40 morn. 
1 55 morn. 


2 2 morn. 
2 43 morn. 
5 40 morn. 
55 morn. 


1 2 morn. 
1 43 morn. 
4 40 morn. 
11 55 eve.* 
*24th. 


2 morn. 
43 morn. 
3 40 morn. 
10 55 eve.* 
*24th. 


J 
3 

i-s 


Last Quarter. 
New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 


2 
10 
17 
24 


8 23 eve. 
2 35 eve. 
11 4 morn. 
45 eve. 


7 23 eve. 
1 35 eve. 
10 4 morn. 
11 45 morn. 


6 23 eve. 
35 eve. 
9 4 morn. 
10 45 morn. 


5 23 eve. 
11 35 morn. 
8 4 morn. 
9 45 morn. 


August. 


Last Quarter. 
New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 
Last Quarter. 


9 
15 
2H 

81 


1 34 eve. 
2 morn. 
4 2 eve. 
2 4 morn. 
5 55 morn. 


34 eve. 
11 2 eve.* 
3 2 eve. 
1 4 morn. 
4 55 morn. 
*8th. 


11 34 morn. 
10 2 eve.* 
2 2 eve. 
4 morn. 
3 55 morn. 
*8th. 


10 34 morn. 
9 2 eve.* 
1 2 eve. 
11 4 eve.t 
2 55 morn. 
*8th. t22d. 


September 


New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 
Last Quarter. 


7 
13 
21 
29 


8 43 morn. 
1 1 9 eve. 
5 49 eve. 
8 58 eve. 


7 43 morn. 
10 9 eve. 
4 49 eve. 
7 58 eve. 


6 43 morn. 
9 9 eve. 
3 49 eve. 
6 58 eve. 


5 43 morn. 
8 9 eve. 
2 49 eve. 
5 58 eve. 


October. 


New Moon.. 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon.... 
Last Quarter. 


(i 
13 
21 

29 


5 18 eve. 
9 47 morn. 
11 17 morn. 
10 20 morn. 


4 18 eve. 
8 47 morn. 
10 17 morn. 
9 20 morn. 


3 18 eve. 
7 47 morn. 
9 17 morn. 
8 20 morn. 


2 18 eve. 
6 47 morn. 
8 17 morn. 
7 20 morn. 


November. 


New Moon... 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon.... 
Last Quarter. 


5 
12 
20 
27 


2 27 morn. 
40 morn. 
5 25 morn. 
9 44 eve. 


1 27 morn. 
11 40 eve.* 
4 25 morn. 
8 44 eve. 
*llth. 


27 morn. 
10 40 eve.* 
3 25 morn. 
7 44 eve. 
*llth. 


11 27 eve.* 
9 40 eve.t 
2 25 morn. 
6 44 eve. 
*4th. tilth. 


1 December. 


New Moon. . 
First Quarter. 
Full Moon 
Last Quarter. 


1 
11 
19 
27 


51 eve. 
7 29 eve. 
ll 5 eve. 
7 8 morn. 


11 51 morn. 
6 29 eve. 
10 5 eve. 
8 morn. 


10 51 morn. 
5 29 eve. 
9 5 eve. 
5 8 morn. 


9 51 morn. 
4 29 eve. 
8 5 eve. 
4 8 morn. 



1st MONTH. JANUARY. 31 DAYS. 


- . 


6 


h - 


January Is named from Janus, 
an ancient Roman divinity, and 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb., N.Y., Pa., 


St Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., Mo., 


St.Paul.N.E. 
Wis. and Mich., 


OM 


S 


w 


was added to the Roman Calen-. 


S.Wis., S.Mich., 


Kan., Col., Gal., 


N.E. NewYork, 


$1 


t- 


<> 


dar 713 B. o. 


N. 111.. Ind., O. 


Ind., Ohio. 


Minn., Or. 


pX 


< 

o 


& 


AMERICAN HISTORY. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

R.&S 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

R.&S. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

R.&S 










H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


1 


1 


We. 


Slaves emancipated, 18C3 


7 29 


i :(s 


5 33 


7 19 


4 48 


5 43 


7 89 


4 29 


5 23 


2 


2 


Th. 


Bragg defeated, 1862. 


7 29 


4 39 


6 52 


7 19 


4 49 


7 


7 39 


4 30 


6 45 


3 


3 


Fri. 


Battle of Princeton, 1777, 


1 29 


4 40 


8 10 


7 19 


4 50 


8 15 


7 39 


4 30 


8 5 


4 


4 


Sat. 


Battle of Stone River, 1863. 


7 29 


441 


9 26 


7 19 


4 51 


9 29 


7 39 


431 


9 25 


5 


6 


srx. 


Arnold burns Richmond, 1781. 


7 29 


4 42 


10 42 


7 19 


4 52 


1042 


7 39 


4 32 


10 43 


6 





Mo. 


Great earthquake in N.E.,1883, 


7 29 


4 43 


11 57 


7 19 


4 53 


11 54 


7 39 


4 33 


morn 


7 


7 


Tu. 


Battle Springfield, Mo., 18B3. 


7 29 


4 44 


morn 


7 19 


4 54 


morn 


7 38 


4 35 





8 


8 


We. 


Battle of New Orleans, 1815. 


7 2S 


4 45 


1 11 


7 19 


455 


1 6 


7 88 


4 36 


1 18 


9 


9 


Th. 


Ft.Sunbury,Ga.,captured, 1779. 


7 28 


4 46 


2 26 


7 1!) 


4 56 


2 19 


7 38 


437 


2 35 


10 


ID 


Fri. 


Florida seceded, 1861. 


7 28 


4 47 


3 40 


7 19 


4 57 


3 30 


7 38 


4 38 


3 51 


11 


11 


Sat. 


Alabama seceded, 18(51 


7 28 


448 


4 52 


7 19 


4 58 


4 40 


7 37 


4 89 


5 5 


12 


12 


si;x. 


Lincoln's 1st speech in cgs,1848. 


727 


449 


5 56 


7 18 


4 59 


5 44 


7 37 


4 41 


611 


13 


13 


Mo. 


Ft. Fisher attacked, 1865 


727 


4 51 


6 50 


7 18 


5 


639 


7 30 


4 42 


7 5 


14 


14 


Tu. 


Gen. Braddock sails, 1755. 


720 


4 52 


sets 


7 18 


5 1 


sets 


7 86 


4 43 


sets 


15 


18 


We. 


Ft. Fisher captured, 1865. 


7 26 


4 53 


5 42 


7 18 


5 2 


5 50 


7 35 


4 44 


5 34 


16 


1C 


Th. 


Amnesty bill passed, 1872. 


7 26 


4 54 


6 49 


7 17 


5 3 


6 55 


7 35 


4 45 


6 43 


17 


17 


Fri. 


Morgan defeats Tarleton,1781. 


725 


4 55 


753 


7 17 


5 4 


7 56 


7 34 


4 47 


749 


18 


18 


Sat. 


Battle of Frederickstown,1813. 


7 2.1 


4 57 


8 54 


7 16 


5 5 


8 56 


7 34 


448 


853 


19 


19 


SUN. 


Battle of Mill Springs, 1862. 


7 24 


4 58 


9 55 


7 16 


5 6 


9 55 


7 33 


4 49 


9 56 


20 


L'O 


Mo. 


Battle of Somerset, N. J., 1777. 


7 24 


4 59 


10 56 


7 15 


5 7 


10 53 


7 32 


4 50 


1059 


21 


21 


Tu. 


Jackson enters N.Orleans, 1813. 


7 23 


5 


11 56 


7 15 


5 8 


11 52 


7 31 


4 52 


morn 


22 


22 


We. 


Stone fleet sunkCharl'st'n,1861 


7 22 


5 1 


morn 


7 14 


5 10 


morn 


7 31 


4 53 


2 


23 


2:1 


Th. 


Massacre River Rasin, 1813. 


7 22 


5 3 


59 


7 14 


5 11 


53 


7 30 


4 55 


1 7 


24 


21 


Fri. 


Rhoddy driv'n fr'm Tenn.,1864 


7 21 


5 4 


2 5 


7 13 


5 12 


1 56 


7 29 


4 56 


2 15 


25 


25 


Sat. 


Orizaba taken, 1848. 


7 20 


5 5 


3 14 


7 13 


5 13 


3 3 


7 28 


4 57 


3 26 


26 


Ji> 


so. 


Webster's reply to Hayne.1830 


7 19 


5 6 


4 20 


7 12 


5 14 


4 9 


7 27 


4 59 


4 35 


27 


27 


Mo. 


New Providence taken, 1778. 


7 18 


5 7 


5 22 


7 11 


5 15 


5 10 


7 26 


5 


5 37 


28 


2S 


Tu. 


First nat'l bank atPhila., 1783. 


7 18 


5 9 


6 17 


7 10 


5 16 


6 6 


7 25 


5 2 


6 31 


29 


2!l 


We. 


British take Augusta.Ga., 1779. 


7 17 


5 10 


7 3 


7 10 


5 17 


653 


7 24 


5 3 


7 14 


80 


30 


Th. 


Constitution amended, 1885. 


7 16 


5 11 


rises 


7 9 


5 19 


rises 


7 23 


5 4 


rises 


31 


31 


Fri. 


Naval battle off Charl'sfn,1863. 


7 15 


5 12 


7 7 


7 8 


5 20 


7 10 


722 


5 6 


7 4 


sa MONTH. FEBRUARY. 29 DAYS. 


c 
>>. < 


6 

S 


I* 


February is named from Roman 
divinity ^febrwMS(Pluto), or Feb- 
rua (Juno), and was added to 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb., TST.Y., Pa., 
S.Wls. S. Mich., 


St. Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., Mo., 
Kan., Col., Cal., 


St.Paul.N.E. 
Wis. and Mich., 
N.E. New York, 


Sri 

^k^ 


* 


S 


Roman Calendar about 713 B. c. 


N. 111., Ind., O. 


Ind., Ohio. 


Minn., Or. 


o^ 


R 


<& 


AMERICAN HISTORY. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

K.&S. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

R.&S. 


Sun 
riees 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

K.& S. 










H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


32 


1 


Sat. 


Battle of Cowan's Ford, 1781. 


7 14 


5 14 


8 25 


7 7 


5 21 


8 26 


7 20 


5 7 


8 25 


33 


2 


SUN. 


Mexican cession of 1848. 


7 13 


5 15 


9 43 


7 6 


5 22 


9 41 


7 19 


5 9 


9 46 


34 


a 


Mo. 


Battle of Dover, 1802 


7 12 


5 17 


10 59 


7 5 


.-. 23 


10 55 


7 18 


5 10 


11 5 


85 


4 


Tu. 


Clinton reaches N. Y., 1776. 


7 11 


5 18 


morn 


7 5 


5 24 


morn 


7 17 


5 11 


morn 


86 


5 


We. 


Med'liag w'hsl'v'ry lll'gal,1836 


7 10 


5 19 


016 


7 4 


5 2(! 


9 


7 16 


5 13 


24 


37 


(i 


Th. 


Treaty with France. 1778. 


7 9 


5 20 


1 32 


7 3 


5 27 


1 23 


7 14 


5 14 


1 43 


38 


7 


Fri. 


Jeff Davis' case dismissed,1869. 


7 7 


5 22 


2 45 


7 2 


5 28 


2 34 


7 13 


5 16 


2 58 


89 


8 


Sat. 


Conf 'derate gov't formed, 1861. 


7 6 


5 23 


3 50 


7 1 


5 29 


3 38 


7 12 


5 17 


4 5 


40 


a 


Six. 


Conf 'derate congress met, 1861 


7 5 


5 24 


4 47 


6 59 5 30 


4 35 


7 105 18 


5 2 


41 


10 


Mo. 


Battle Hornet & Resolute,1813. 


7 4 


5 25 


5 35 


6 58 5 31 


523 


7 9 5 20 


5 48 


42 


11 


Tu. 


Lincoln left for Wash'n, 1861. 


7 2 


5 27 


6 13 


6 57 5 32 


6 3 


7 7 


5 21 


6 24 


43 


12 


We. 


First fugitive slave law, 1793. 


7 1 


5 2H 


642 


6 56 5 34 


634 


7 6 


5 23 


6 51 


44 


13 


Th. 


Massacre of Glencoe, 1(591. 


(> 59 


5 30 


sets 


6 55 5 35 


sets 


7 45 24 


sets 


45 


14 


Fri. 


Pickens routs the British, 1778. 


(I 58 


5 31 


6 43 


6 54 


5 3(5 


6 46 


7 35 25 


6 42 


4(i 


15 


Sat. 


Battle of Ft. Donelson, 1862. 


(i 57 


5 ;t2 


7 44 


<> 52 


5 37 


7 45 


7 1 


5 27 


7 45 


47 


n; 


srx. 


Hessian troops hired, 1776 


(i 55 


.-, ;;:; 


8 45 


6 51 


r. :;s 


8 43 


7 


5 28 


8 48 


48 


17 


Mo. 


Treaty of Ghent ratified, 1815. 


(i 54 


5 35 


9 45 


6 50 5 39 


9 41 


6 58 5 30 


9 51 


49 


18 


Tu. 


Lee com.-in-chief, 1864. 


li 52 


5 36 


10 47 


49 5 40 


10 42 


6 57 5 31 


10 55 


50 


lit 


We. 


First nat'l thanksgiving. 1795. 


(i 51 


5 37 11 52 


6 47 5 42 11 44 


6 55|5 33 


morn 


61 


20 


Th. 


Braddock arrives In Va., 1755. 


(i 50 


5 38 morn 


6 46:5 43 morn 


6 54 5 34 


1 


52 


21 


Fri. 


Silver roiuom'ti/.ed, 1878. 


(i 48 


5 39 


59 


6 45 5 441 49 


6 52 5 36 


1 11 


53 


22 


Sat. 


Battle of Ogdensburg, 1813. 


(5 47 


5 41 


2 4 


(i 48 5 45 


1 52 


6 51 5 37 


2 17 


54 


23 


srx. 


Battle of Buena Vista, 1847. 


6 45 


5 42 


3 6| 


6 42 5 46 


2 54 


6 49 5 39 


3 21 


55 


21 


Mo. 


Johnson impeached, 1858. 


(i -11 


5 43 


4 3 


6 41 5 47 


3 52 


6 47 5 40 


4 18 


56 


25 


Tu. 


Conscription bill passed, 1863. 


42 


5 44 


4 52 


6 39,5 48 


4 41 


6 45 5 41 


5 4 


57 


21 i 


We. 


Nashville surrendered, 1862. 


6 41 


5 46 


5 32 


6 38 5 49 


5 23 


6 44 5 43 


5 42 


58 


27 


Th. 


Battle of Morris Neck, 1776. 


(i 39 


5 47 6 3 


6 37 5 50 


5 57 


6 42 5 44 


6 11 


59 


28 


Fri. 


Pri vate'r Nashville dest'd,l863 


f! 37 


5 48 rises 6 35 5 51 


rises 


6 40 5 45 


rises 


60 


20 


Sat. 


Leap Year Day 


6 86 


5 50 7 16 Id 34 5 52 


7 15 16 38 5 46 


7 17 



3d MONTH. MARCH. 31 DAYS. 


M 

M 


A.Y MO. 


&d 
& 


March was named from Mars, 
the god of war. It was the 
first month of the Boman year. 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb.,N.Y., Pa., 
S.Wis.,S.Mich., 
N. 111., Ind., O. 


St. Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., Mo.. 
Kan., Col., Cal., 
Ind., Ohio. 


St. Paul, N.B. 
Wls. and Mich., 
N.E. New York. 
Minn., Or. 


Q H 


q 


a* 


AMERICAN HISTORY. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 

sets. 


Moon 
R.&S. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 
B.&S. 


Sun Sun 
rises sets. 


Moon 

R.4S. 










H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


61 


1 


8CN: 


Articl's of confed. ratlfi'd, 1781 


6 34 


5 51 


8 36 


ti 32 


5 53 


8 33 


ti ::u 


5 48 


8 40 


62 


2 


Mo. 


Grant made lieut.-gen., 1864. 


6 32 


5 52 


9 55 


6 31 


5 54 


9 50 


ti 35 


5 49 


10 3 


63 


3 


Tu. 


Battle of Brier Creek. 1779. 


631 


5 53 


11 15 


6 29 


5 55 


11 7 


6 33 


5 51 


11 25 


64 


4 


We. 


First congress meets, 1789. 


6 29 


5 55 


morn 


6 28 


5 56 


morn 


6 31 


5 52 


morn 


65 


5 


Th. 


Boston massacre, 1770. 


6 28 


5 56 


32 


6 27 


5 57 


21 


6 29 


5 53 


44 


66 


8 


Fri. 


Battle of Pea Ridge, 1862. 


6 26 


5 57 


1 42 


6 25 


5 58 


1 31 


6 27 


."> 55 


1 57 


67 


7 


Sat. 


Bible society formed, 1804. 


6 24 


5 58 


2 43 


6 24 


5 59 


2 31 


6 26 


5 56 


258 


68 


8 


Sl'X. 


Stamp act passed, 177H. 


6 23 


5 59 


3 34 


6 22 


6 1 


3 23 


6 24 


5 58 


348 


69 


9 


Mo. 


Monitor-Merrimac battle, 1862. 


6 21 


6 


415 


6 21 


6 2 


4 5 


ti 22 


5 59 


4 27 


70 


It) 


Tu. 


M'Clel'n crosses Potomac, 1802 


ti 20 


6 1 


4 46 


6 19 


6 3 


438 


6 20 


6 


4 56 


71 


11 


We. 


Confed.constit'n.adopted, IStil. 


6 18 


6 2 


5 11 


617 


6 4 


5 5 


6 18 


6 1 


5 19 


"72 


12 


Th. 


Grant made com.-in-chief, 1864 


6 16 


6 3 


5 32 


6 16 


6 5 


528 


6 17 


6 3 


5 38 


73 


13 


Fri. 


Red river expedition, 1864 


6 14 


6 4 


5 53 


6 14 


6 6 


5 50 


6 15 


6 4 


5 56 


74 


14 


Sat 


Newbern captured, 1862. 


6 13 


6 6 


sets 


6 13 


6 7 


sets 


6 13 


6 5 


sets 


75 


15 


Sl'.N. 


Island No. 10 bombarded, 1861. 


6 11 


6 7 


7 38 


6 11 


6 8 


7 35 


6 11 


6 6 


7 42 


76 


Iti 


Mo. 


Battle of Guilford, 1781. 


6 9 


6 8 


839 


6 10 


6 9 


834 


6 9 


6 8 


8 46 


77 


17 


Tu. 


Boston evacuated, 1776. 


6 7 


6 9 


9 42 


6 8 


6 10 


935 


6. 8 


6 9 


9 51 


78 


18 


We. 


Stamp act repealed, 1776 


6 5 


6 10 


10 47 


6 6 


6 10 


10 38 


6 6 


611 


1058 


79 


19 


Th. 


Patent for Conn, issued, 1831. 


ti ^ 


I! 12 


11 53 


6 5 


611 


11 42 


6 4 


6 12 


morn 


80 


20 


Fri. 


Washington ent'rs Boston, 1776 


ti \ 


6 13 


morn 


6 3 


612 


morn 


6 2 


6 13 


6 


81 


21 


Sat. 


Battle of Henderson, 1864. 


6 


6 14 


055 


6 2 


613 


044 


6 


6 14 


1 10 


82 


22 


80. 


Stamp act signed,.1765. 


558 


6 15 


1 53 


6 


6 14 


1 41 


558 


6 16 


2 8 


83 


"3 


Mo. 


Battle of Winchester. 1862. 


5 57 


6 16 


2 44 


5 58 


6 15 


2 32 


5 56 


6 17 


2 57 


84 


2t 


Tu. 


Attack on Peekskill. 1777. 


5 55 


6 17 


3 26 


5 57 


6 16 


3 16 


5 54 


6 18 


3 37 


85 


25 


We. 


Hudson river discovered, 1609. 


5 54 


6 18 


4 


5 55 


617 


353 


5 52 


6 19 


4 9 


86 


2li 


Th. 


Forrest beat'n atPaducah,1864 


5 52 


6 19 


4 29 


5 54 


6 18 


4 25 


5 50 


ti 20 


4 36 


87 


27 


Fri. 


Tanning, Tex., massacre. 1836. 


5 50 


6 20 


4 56 


5 52 


6 19 


4 53 


5 49 


6 22 


459 


88 


_>s 


Sat. 


Seminole treaty, 1833. 


5 49 


6 21 


5 18 


5 51 


6 20 


5 18 


5 47 


6 23 


5 19 


89 


29 


sex. 


Vera Cruz capitulates. 1847. 


5 47 


ti 23 


rises 


5 49 


6 21 


rises 


5 45 


6 24 


rises 


90 


ill) 


Mo. 


Battle of Somerset, Ky., 1863. 


5 46 


ti 21 


848 


547 


ti 22 


841 


5 43 


6 25 


8 57 


91 


31 


Tu. 


Treasury bldgs burned, 1833. 


5 44 


625 


10 8 


5 46 


623 


9 58 


5 41 


627 


1019 


4th MONTH. APRIL. 3O DAYS. 


53 


6 

X 


og 


April was named from apriere 
(to open), the season when buds 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb.,N. Y., Pa., 
S.wk, S.Mich. 


St. Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., Mo., 
Kan., Col., Cal. 


St. Paul, N. E. 
Wls. and Mich. 
N.E. New York, 


*z 


h 

^ 


(H 

<fc 


open. 


N. 111., lord., O. 


Ind., Ohio. 


Minn., Or. 


3" 


Q 


ft ? 




Sun 


Sun 


Moon 


Sun 


Sun 


Moon 


Sun 


Sun 


Moon 








AMERICAN HISTORY. 


rises 


sets. 


R.&S. 


rises 


sets. 


B.& 8. 


rises 


sets. 


R.&S. 










H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


92 


I 


We. 


Battle Five Forks, 1865. 


5 42 


; 2i 


11 25 


5 44 


6 24 


11 13 


5 -40 


6 28 


11 38 


93 


2 


Th. 


Battle at Selma, Ala., 1865. 


5 40 


6 27 


morn 


5 43 


6 25 


morn 


5 38 


6 30 


morn 


94 


3 


Fri. 


Richmond evacuated, 1865. 


5 39 


t! 2S 


32 


5 41 


ti 2ti 


20 


5 36 


6 31 


47 


95 


4 


Sat. 


First newspaper in U. S., 1704. 


5 37 


t! 29 


1 28 


5 40 


ti 27 


1 17 


5 34 


t; 32 


1 43 


96 


r> 


SUN. 


Yorktown besieged. 1862. 


5 35 


6 30 


2 14 


5 3* 


6 28 


2 3 


5 32 


t; 33 


2 26 


97 


t; 


Mo. 


1st house of rep.organiz'd,1786. 


533 


6 31 


2 49 


5 37 


t! 29 


2 40 


5 31 


ti 35 


3 


98 


7 


Tu. 


Battle of Shiloh, 1862. 


5 32 


6 32 


3 16 


535 


6 30 


3 9 


5 29 


6 30 


3 25 


99 


8 


We. 


Island No. 10 taken, 1862. 


5 30 


l! 31 


338 


5 34 


6 31 


3 34 


5 27 


637 


345 


100 


9 


Th. 


Civil rights bill passed, 1866. 


5 29 


ti 35 


3 59 


5 32 


t; 32 


3 56 


5 25 


6 38 


4 3 


101 


10 


Frl. 


Battle of Ft. Pulaski, 1862. 


5 27 


6 3U 


4 17 


5 30 


6 33 


4 16 


5 23 


t; 39 


4 19 


102 


11 


Sat. 


Ft. Sumter bombarded, 186L 


5 25 


6 37 


435 


5 29 


6 33 


4 36 


5 22 


6 41 


4 35 


103 


12 


stx. 


Lee surrenders, 1865. 


5 24 


t; 3,x 


452 


5 27 


6 34 


456 


5 20 


t! 42 


4 50 


101 


13 


Mo. 


Civil war begins, 1861. 


5 22 


t! 39 


sets 


5 26 


6 35 


sets 


5 18 


6 43 


sets 


105 


14 


Tu. 


Battle of Monks' Corners, 1780. 


5 21 


640 


838 


5 24 


6 36 


8 30 


5 16 


6 44 


8 48 


106 


15 


We. 


Lincoln dies, 1865, 


5 19 


641 


9 46 


5 23 


6 37 


9 35 


5 14 


6 45 


9 58 


107 


1(1 


Th. 


Porter passed Vicksburg, 1863. 


5 17 


ti 42 


10 48 


5 22 


t; 3s 


1037 


5 13 


6 47 


11 2 


108 


17 


Fri. 


Death of Franklin, 1790. 


5 16 


6 43 


11 47 


5 20 


ti 39 


11 35 


5 11 


6 48 


morn 


109 


is 


Sat. 


Ride of Paul Revere, 1775. 


5 14 


645 


morn 


5 19 


6 40 


morn 


5 9 


6 49 


2 


110 


19 


srx. 


Battle of Lexington, 1775. 


5 13 


646 


039 


5 17 


641 


28 


5 7 


650 


54 


111 


20 


Mo. 


Gen. Lee resigns U. S. A., 1861. 


5 11 


647 


1 23 


5 16 


6 42 


1 13 


5 6 


6 52 


1 35 


112 


21 


Tu. 


Battle of San Jacinto, 1836. 


5 it 


6 48 


1 59 


5 15 


6 43 


1 51 


5 4 


(i 53 


2 9 


113 


_"_' 


We. 


Paul Jones at Whitehav'n, 1778 


5 8 


6 49 


2 28 


5 13 


6 44 


2 22 


5 3 


f> 55 


2 36 


114 


_:: 


Th. 


Battle bet. Lee & Marion, 1781. 


5 tl 


ti 50 


2 55 


5 12 


6 45 


2 51 


5 1 


ti ~>0 


2 59 


115 


21 


Fri. 


Ranger takes the Drake, 1778. 


5 5 


ti 51 


3 19 


5 11 


6 4li 


3 18 


4 59 


ti 57 


3 21 


lie 


25 


Silt. 


U.S.land office estab'sh'd, 1812. 


5 3 


6 52 


3 43 


5 9 


6 47 


345 


4 58 


ti 58 


3 42 


117 


26 


SI \. 


New Orleans taken, 1862. 


5 2 


6 53 


4 8 


5 8 


6 48 


4 12 


4 56 


7 


4 4 


118 


27 


Mo. 


Habeas corpus suspend'd,l8fil. 


5 1 


6 54 


rises 


5 7 


6 4!) 


rises 


4 55 


7 1 


rises 


ll!l 


2s 


Tu. 


Battle of Saugatuckriv'r,1777. 


4 59 


ti .-,.-, 


8 58 


5 6 


6 50 


847 


4 53 


7 2 


9 10 


190 


29 


We. 


Md. d'cidesag'nstseces'n.lNtil. 


4 58 


t; 5t; 


10 12 


5 4 


6 51 


10 1 


4 52 


7 3 


1027 


121 


30 Th. 


Washington inaugurated 1789. 


;4 57 6 57 


11 15 


5 3 


6 52 


11 4 


4 50 


7 4 


11 30 



5th MONTH. MAY. 31 DAYS. 


h . 


c 


fc 


May is from the Latin Muiu*. 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb.,N.Y., Pa., 


St. Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., MO., 


St. Paul, N.E. 
Wis. and Mich., 


x 


** 


PS 


the growing month. 


S.Wis., 8. Mich. 


Kan., Col., Cal., 


N.E. New York, 


<' W 


5 


^ H 




N. 111., Ind., O. 


Ind., Ohio. 


Minn., Or. 


ft 


a 


0^ 


AMERICAN HISTORY. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

R.&S. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 

sets. 


Moon 

R.& S. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 

sets. 


Moon 

R.&S 










H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


122 


i 


Fri. 


Battle of Port Gibson, 1863. 


4 56 


58 


morn 


5 2 


52 


1155 


4 49 


7 6 


morn 


123 


2 


Sat. 


Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863 


4 54 


6 59 


7 


5 1 


6 53 


morn 


447 


7 7 


20 


124 


3 


SEN. 


First call for 3-year men, 1861. 


4 53 


7 1 


46 


4 59 


6 54 


36 


446 


7 8 


57 


125 


4 


Mo. 


Grant crosses the Rapid'n, 1864 


4 51 


7 2 


1 17 


4 58 


6 55 


1 10 


4 45 


7 9 


1 26 


126 


5 


Tu. 


Yorktown evacuated, 1862. 


4 50 


7 3 


141 


4 57 


6 5(5 


1 36 


4 43 


7 10 


1 48 


127 





We. 


Ark. and Tenn. secede, 1861. 


449 


7 4 


2 3 


4 56 


57 


1 59 


442 


7 12 


2 7 


128 


7 


Th. 


Baton Rouge, La., capt'r'd,1862 


448 


7 5 


2 22 


4 55 


58 


2 20 


440 


7 13 


2 25 


129 


8 


Frl. 


Battle of Palo Alto. 1846. 


4 46 


7 6 


2 40 


4 54 


59 


2 41 


439 


7 14 


2 40 


130 


9 


Sat. 


Battle of Resaca,Mox., 1846. 


4 45 


7 7 


2 58 


4 53 


7 


3 1 


4 38 


7 15 


2 57 


131 


10 


Sl'N. 


Jeff Davis captured, 1805. 


4 44 


7 8 


3 19 


4 52 


7 1 


3 23 


4 37 


7 16 


3 15 


13'* 


11 


Mo. 


Battle of Charl'st'n Neck,1779. 


4 43 


7 9 


3 42 


4 51 


7 2 


3 48 


435 


7 17 


3 36 


183 


12 


Tu. 


Crown Point taken, 1775. 


442 


7 10 


4 8 


4 50 


7 3 


4 17 


434 


7 18 


4 


134 


1 3 


We. 


War declar'd ag'nst Mex., 1846 


4 41 


7 11 


sets 


4 49 


7 4 


sets 


433 


7 19 


sets 




14 


Th. 


Cape Cod discovered, 1602. 


4 40 


7 12 


9 41 


448 


7 5 


9 30 


4 32 


7 20 


956 


13ti 


15 


Fri. 


Ft. Granby taken, 1781. 


4 39 


7 13 


10 36 


4 47 


7 6 


10 25 


4 31 


7 21 


1051 


137 


10 


Sat. 


Lincoln nominated, 1860. 


438 


7 14 


11 22 


4 46 


7 7 


11 11 


4 30 


7 23 


11 34 


13S 


17 


srN. 


First national fast, 1776. 


437 


7 15 


11 59 


445 


7 7 


11 50 


4 29 


7 24 


morn 


139 


18 


Mo. 


Grant invests Vicksburg, 1863. 


437 


7 16 


morn 


444 


7 8 


morn 


428 


7 25 


9 


1 10 


lit 


Tu. 


The "dark day," 1780. 


4 36 


7 17 


30 


4 44 


7 9 


24 


427 


7 26 


038 


141 


20 


We. 


Mecklenburg declaration, 1577 


4 35 


7 18 


056 


443 


7 10 


52 


4 26 


7 27 


1 2 


142 


21 


Th. 


Ft. Galphin taken, 1781. 


4 34 


7 19 


1 21 


4 42 


7 11 


1 19 


4 25 


7 28 


1 24 


143 


>'> 


Fri. 


Brooks assaults Sumner, 1850. 


433 


7 20 


144 


4 41 


7 12 


1 45 


4 2 t 


7 29 


1 44 


144 


23 


Sat. 


Settlem'nt at Jamestown, 1607. 


433 


7 20 


2 8 


4 41 


7 13 


2 11 


423 


7 30 


2 6 


145 


21 


srs. 


Banks evac's Strasburg, 1862. 


4 32 


7 21 


2 35 


4 40 


7 13 


2 40 


422 


731 


2 30 


140 


25 


Mo. 


Battle of Spottsylvania, 1864. 


4 31 


7 22 


3 6 


440 


7 14 


3 14 


4 21 


7 32 


258 


147 


20 


Tu. 


Last confeds. surrender. 18(55. 


4 30 


7 23 


3 44 


439 


7 15 


3 54 


421 


7 33 


3 34 


148 


27 


We. 


Fts. Erie & George aban'd,1813. 


4 30 


7 24 


rises 


4 38 


7 16 


rises 


4 20 


7 34 


rises 


149 


28 


Th. 


Battle of Dallas, Ga., 1864. 


429 


7 25 


9 55 


4 38 


7 16 


9 41 


4 19 


7 35 


10 9 




29 


Fri. 


Battle of Waxhaw, 1780. 


429 


726 


10 40 


437 


717 


1030 


419 


7 36 


10 52 


151 


30 


Sat. 


Corinth taken, 1862. 


4 28 


727 


11 15 


437 


7 18 


11 7 


418 


7 37 


11 25 


152 


31 


SI'S. 


Battle of Fair Oaks, 1862. 


4 28 


728 


11 43 


436 


7 19 


11 37 


418 


7 37 


11 51 


6th MONTH. JUNE. 30 DAYS. 


S3 


O 

< 


AY OF 

KEK. 


June traced to Juno, the queen 
of heaven, who was thought to 
preside over marriages. 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb., N.Y., Pa., 
S. Wis.,8. Mich. 
N. 111.. Ind. O. 


St. Louis, S. 111.. 
Va., Ky., Mo., 
Kan , Col., Cal.. 
Ind., Ohio. 


St. Paul, N.E. 
Wis and Mich., 
N.E. New York, 
Minn., Or. 


a* 


ft 


HF 


AMERICAN HISTORY. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

R.&S. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun 

sets. 


Moon 

H.&8. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 
R.&S. 










H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


153 


1 


Mo. 


Battle of Cold Harbor, 1864. 


427 


7 28 


morn 


1 30 


7 19 


morn 


4 17 


7 38 


morn 


154 


2 


Tu. 


Battle Lake Champlain, 1813. 


4 27 


7 29 


6 


4 36 


7 20 


2 


4 17 


7 39 


12 


1 55 


8 


We. 


Lee assumes command, 1862. 


426 


7 29 


026 


4 35 


7 21 


24 


4 17 


7 40 


29 




4 


Th. 


War declar'd ag'nst Mex. 1842 


426 


7 30 


44 


4 35 


7 21 


44 


4 16 


7 41 


45 


167 


5 


Fri. 


Battle of Piedmont, 1864. 


426 


7 31 


1 3 


4 35 


7 22 


1 5 


4 16 


7 41 


1 2 


15S 





Sat. 


Confeds. sur. Memphis, 1862. 


4 26 


7 31 


1 23 


4 34 


7 23 


1 26 


4 15 


7 42 


1 19 


159 


7 


SIN. 


Fenians raid Canada, 1866. 


4 25 


7 32 


1 44 


4 34 


7 23 


1 50 


415 


743 


1 38 


100 


8 


Mo. 


Battle of Chattanooga. 1862. 


425 


7 32 


2 9 


4 34 


7 24 


217 


415 


7 44 


2 2 


101 


9 


Tu. 


Battle of Big Bethel, 1861. 


425 


7 33 


240 


434 


7 24 


2 50 


414 


7 44 


2 31 


162 
168 


10 
11 


We. 
Th. 


War d'cl'd ag'nst Tripoli, 1801. 
Walker lands in Nicar'g'a,1855 


4 25 
4 25 


7 34 
7 34 


3 18 

sets 


4 34 
4 34 


7 25 
7 25 


3 30 

sets 


4 14 
4 14 


7 45 
7 45 


3 7 
sets 


164 


12 


Fri. 


Grant crosses C'kah'miny, 1864 


4 24 


7 35 


9 20 


4 34 


7 20 


9 9 


4 14 


7 46 


9 33 


105 


13 


Sat. 


Fugitive slave lawrep'l d,1863. 


4 24 


7 35 


10 1 


434 


7 26 


9 51 


414 


7 46 


10 12 


166 


14 


StIN. 


National flag adopted, 1777: 


424 


7 30 


1033 


434 


7 20 


10 20 


4 14 


7 47 


10 42 


107 


15 


Mo. 


Wash'n takes command, 1775. 


4 24 


7 30 


11 1 


434 


7 27 


10 57 


414 


7 47 


11 8 


108 


10 


Tu. 


Mississippi discovered, 1693. 


424 


7 36 


11 20 


4 34 


7 27 


11 23 


4 14 


7 48 


11 29 


169 


17 


We. 


Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775. 


4 25 


7 37 


11 49 


4 34 


7 27 


11 49 


4 14 


7 48 


11 50 


170 


18 


Th. 


Can. evac't'dbyAm'ric'ns.l77f> 


4 25 


7 37 


morn 


4 34 


7 28 


morn 


4 14 


7 48 


morn 


171 


19 


Fri. 


War decl'd ag'nst Engl'd, 1812. 


4 25 


7 37 


Oil 


434 


7 28 


14 


4 14 


7 48 


10 


172 


20 


Sat. 


Battle of Stony Ferry, 1779. 


4 25 


7 37 


037 


434 


7 28 


041 


4 15 


7 49 


33 


173 


21 


srx. 


Petersburg captured, 1864. 


4 25 


7 37 


1 6 


434 


7 28 


1 13 


415 


7 49 


059 


174 


>> 


Mo. 


Ewell crosses Potomac, 1863. 


4 20 


7 38 


1 41 


4 35 


7 29 


1 51 


4 15 


7 49 


1 32 


175 


23 


Tu. 


Great Eastern at N. Y., 1860. 


4 2(5 


7 38 


2 23 


4 35 


7 29 


2 34 


4 15 


7 49 


2 12 


170 


24 


We 


Harrison warns Tecums'b.,1811 


4 2(5 


7 38 


3 16 


4 35 


7 29 


327 


4 15 


7 49 


3 3 


177 


25 


Th. 


Custer massacre, 1876. 


42(5 


7 38 


rises 


4 30 


7 29 


rises 


4 10 


7 49 


rises 


178 


26 


Fri 


Seven days' battles began, 18f>2 


4 27 


7 38 


9 12 


43(5 


7 29 


9 3 


4 1*; 


7 49 


9 23 


179 


27 


Sat. 


Morm'nsmobb'd.Carth'ge, 1857 


427 


7 38 


9 42 


4 3(5 


7 29 


9 35 


4 10 


7 49 


9 51 


180 


28 


srs. 


1st colonl'l assembly m'ts, 1619 


4 28 


7 38 


10 7 


4 37 


7 29 


10 2 


417 


7 49 


10 14 


181 


29 


Mo. 


Howe reaches Sandy Ho'k,1776 


4 28 


7 38 


10 29 


437 


7 29 


10 20 


4 17 


7 4(1 


10 33 


182 


30 


Tu. 


Gulteau banged, 1882. 


428 


738 


1048 


438 


729 


1047 


418 


7 49 


10 50 



Ttli MONTH. JULY. 31 DAYS. 


N 


6 

2 


S 
H 


July named In honor of Julius! 
Csesar.who was born on the 12th 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb.,N. Y., Pa., 
S.Wls., S.Mich., 


St. Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., Mo., 
Kan., Col., Cal., 


St.Paul.N.E. 
Wis. and Mich., 
N.B.NewYork, 


> 
^'j- 


H 


>W 
^C 


of July. 


N 111., Ind., O. 


Ind., Ohio. 


Minn., Or. 


Q^ 


O 


^ 




Sun 


Sun 


Moon 


Sun 


Sun 


Moon 


Sun 


Sun 


Moon 








AMERICAN HISTORY. 


rises 


sets. 


R.&S. 


rises 


sets. 


R.&8. 


rises 


sets. 


R.&S. 










H M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


?.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


183 


1 


We. 


Battle of Gettysb'gbeg'n,1863. 


4 29 


7 :N 


11 6 


38 


7 2!) 


11 7 


4 18 


749 


11 6 


184 


2 


Th. 


Garfield assassinated. 1881. 


429 


7 38 


11 25 


4 39 


7 29 


11 29 


4 19 


7 49 


11 23 


185 


3 


Fri. 


Massacre of Wyoming, 1778. 


4 30 


7 38 


11 47 


4 39 


7 29 


11 52 


4 20 


7 49 


11 42 


186 


4 


Sat. 


Vicksburg surrendered, 1863. 


430 


7 38 


morn 


4 40 


7 28 


morn 


4 20 


7 48 


morn 


1ST 


5 


8i:x. 


Battle of Carthage, Mo., 1861. 


4 31 


7 38 


10 


4 40 


7 28 


17 


4 21 


7 48 


3 


188 


6 


Mo. 


Battle of Jamestown, 1781. 


4 32 


7 37 


38 


4 41 


1 28 


47 


4 21 


7 47 


029 


189 


7 


Tu. 


Lincoln's murder'rs hung, 1805 


4 32 


7 37 


1 13 


4 41 


7 28 


1 24 


4 22 


7 47 


1 3 


190 


8 


We. 


Wash'n chosen as capital, 1792 


4 33 


7 36 


1 58 


4 42 


7 27 


2 9 


4 23 


7 47 


1 45 


191 


9 


Th. 


Surrender of Pt. Hudson, 18G3. 


434 


7 36 


2 54 


443 


7 27 


3 5 


4 24 


7 46 


2 41 


191' 


10 


Fri 


Fr'nch allies land, N'port,1780. 


4 35 


7 35 


sets 


4 43 


7 27 


sets 


4 24 


7 46 


sets 


193 


11 


Sat. 


Battle of Rich Mountain, 1861. 


4 36 


7 35 


834 


4 44 


7 26 


826 


4 25 


7 45 


844 


194 


1 


Sl'N. 


Norwalk, Conn., burned, 1779. 


4 3(3 


7 34 


9 3 


4 45 


7 26 


8 58 


4 26 


7 45 


9 10 


195 


13 


Mo. 


Draft riots in N. Y., 1863. 


437 


7 34 


9 30 


4 45 


7 25 


9 26 


4 27 


7 44 


9 34 


196 


14 


Tu. 


Second great flre.Chicago, 1875 


4 38 


7 33 


9 54 


4 46 


7 24 


9 53 


4 28 


7 43 


9 56 


197 


15 


We 


Battle of Baylor's Farm, 18C4. 


439 


7 32 


10 16 


4 47 


7 24 


10 18 


4 29 


743 


10 15 


198 


it; 


Th. 


Wayne takes Stony Point,1779. 


440 


7 32 


10 40 


447 


7 24 


10 44 


4 30 


7 42 


]0 36 


199 


17 


Frl. 


Emancipation bill signed, 1862. 


4 40 


7 31 


11 7 


448 


7 23 


11 13 


431 


7 41 


11 1 


200 


18 


Sat. 


Maximilian shot, 1867. 


4 41 


7 31 


11 39 


4 49 


7 22 


11 48 


4 32 


7 40 


1131 


201 


19 


SFN. 


Morgan defeated, 1863. 


4 42 


7 30 


morn 


4 50 


7 22 


morn 


4 33 


7 39 


morn 


202 


20 


Mo. 


Confed. cong. Richmond, 1861. 


4 43 


7 29 


18 


4 51 


7 21 


029 


4 34 


7 39 


8 


208 


21 


Tu. 


Battle of Bull Run, 1861. 


444 


7 28 


1 7 


451 


7 20 


1 18 


435 


7 38 


54 


204 


22 


We. 


Gen. M'Clell'n takes com., 1861 


444 


7 28 


2 7 


452 


7 20 


2 18 


436 


737 


1 54 


205 


23 


Th. 


Gen. Grant dies, 1885. 


4 45 


7 27 


311 


4 53 


7 19 


3 22 


437 


7 36 


3 


206 


24 


Fri. 


Mormons arrive in Utah, 1847. 


4 46 


7 26 


rises 


4 54 


7 18 


rises 


4 38 


7 35 


rises 


207 


25 


Sat. 


Battle of Iiundy's Lane, 1814. 


4 47 


7 25 


8 8 


4 55 


7 17 


8 2 


4 39 


7 34 


8 16 


208 


26 


8CS. 


Halleck sup's McClellan, 1862. 


4 48 


7 24 


8 31 


4 56 


7 16 


8 28 


4 40 


7 33 


8 37 


209 


27 


Mo. 


Atlantic cable laid, 1866. 


4 49 


7 23 


8 52 


4 56 


7 16 


8 50 


4 41 


732 


8 55 


210 


28 


TU. 


Battle at Atlanta, 1864. 


4 50 


7 22 


9 10 


457 


7 15 


9 11 


4 42 


7 31 


9 11 


211 


29 


We. 


The Alabama starts out, 1862. 


451 


7 21 


929 


4 58 


7 14 


932 


4 43 


7 30 


928 


212 


30 


Th. 


Petersb'g mine explod'd, 1864. 


4 52 


7 20 


9 50 


459 


7 13 


9 54 


4 44 


7 28 


946 


213 


31 


Fri. 


Lafayette made maj.-gen.. 1777 


4 53 


7 19 


10 11 


5 


7 12 


10 17 


4 45 


7 27 


10 5 


8th MONTH. AUGUST. 31 DAYS. 


AT OF 1 

r EAB. 1 


6 



|x 


8|j 

51 


August was named In honor 
of Augustus Caesar, he having 
been made consul in this month. 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb.,N. Y., Pa., 
S.Wis., S.Mich., 
N. 111., Ind., O. 


St. Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., Mo., 
Kan., Col.. Cal., 
Ind., Ohio. 


St. Paul, N. E. 
Wis. and Mich., 
N.E. New York, 
Minn., Or. 


1 " 


ft 


fi 


AMERICAN HISTORY. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

R.&S. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun 

sets. 


Moon 

R.& S. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun Moon 
sets. H.& S. 










H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


IH.M. 


H M 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 1 H.M. 


214 


1 


Sat. 


Clerm'nt'strip on Huds'n, 1807 


4 54 


7 18 


10 36 


5 1 


7'll 


10 44 


4 46 


7 26 


10 28 


215 


2 


SUN. 


Battle of Ft.Stephenson, 1813. 


4 55 


7 17 


11 8 


5 2 


7 10 


11 18 


4 47 


7 25 


10 58 


216 


3 


Mo. 


Col'mbus sails from Sp'n, 1492. 


4 5ii 


7 16 


11 49 


5 3 


7 9 


morn 


4 48 


7 23 


11 37 


217 


4 


Tu. 


Col. Isaac Hayne hang'd, 1781. 


4 57 


7 15 


morn 


5 4 


7 8 





4 50 


7 22 


morn 


218 


5 


We. 


Farrag't ent'rs M'bile bay,1864 


4 58 


7 14 


39 


5 4 


7 6 


50 


4 51 


7 20 


26 


219 


6 


Th. 


Ram Arkansas explod'd, 1862. 


4 59 


7 12 


1 39 


5 5 


7 5 


1 50 


4 52 


7 19 


1 27 


220 


7 


Fri. 


Lafayette departs, 1825. 


5 


7 11 


248 


5 6 


7 4 


258 


4 53 


7 18 


2 38 


221 


8 


Sat. 


Battle of Mackinaw, 1814. 


5 1 


7 10 


4 4 


5 7 


7 3 


412 


4 54 


7 16 


3 56 


222 


9 


8US. 


Battle of Cedar Mount'n, 1862. 


5 2 


7 9 


sets 


5 8 


7 2 


sets 


4 56 


7 15 


sets 


223 


10 


Mo. 


Battle of Wilson Creek, 1861. 


5 3 


7 7 


7 56 


5 9 


7 1 


7 54 


4 57 


7 13 


7 59 


224 


11 


Tu. 


Bat.Sulphur Bridge Sps., 1864. 


5 4 


7 6 


8 20 


5 10 


6 59 


8 21 


4 58 


7 12 


8 20 


225 


12 


We. 


King Philip shot, 1675. 


5 5 


7 4 


8 43 


5 11 


6 58 


847 


4 59 


7 10 


8 41 


226 


13 


Th. 


Mosbv's atk.on Sheridan, 1864. 


5 6 


7 3 


!> 10 


5 12 


6 57 


9 15 


5 


7 9 


9 5 


227 


14 


Fri. 


Death of Farragut, 1870. 


5 7 


7 1 


9 40 


5 13 


6 55 


948 


5 2 


7 7 


932 


228 


15 


Sat. 


Lafayette visits the U. S..1824. 


5 8 


7 


10 17 


5 13 


6 54 


10 27 


5 3 


7 6 


10 7 


229 


115 


SUN. 


Battle of Bennington. 1777. 


5 9 


6 58 


11 3 


5 14 


6 53 


11 14 


5 4 


7 4 


1051 


280 


17 


Mo. 


Anti-Neb, con. Saratoga, 1854. 


5 10 


6 57 


11 58 


5 15 


6 52 


morn 


5 5 


7 2 


11 45 


231 


18 


Tu. 


Panic of 1873 began. 


5 11 


6 55 


morn 


5 16 


6 50 


10 


5 6 


7 1 


morn 


232 


19 


We. 


Battle of Bluelicks, Kv., 1782. 


5 12 


6 54 


1 1 


5 17 


6 49 


1 13 


5 8 


6 59 


50 


233 


20 


Th. 


Battle of Fallen Timb'rs, 1794. 


5 13 


t; 52 


2 9 


5 18 


6 48 


2 19 


5 9 


ti 58 


1 59 


231 


21 


Fri. 


Lawrence, Kas., sacked, 1863. 


5 15 


6 51 


3 19 


5 19 


6 46 


3 27 


5 10 


6 5i ; 


3 11 


235 


22 


Sat. 


Atfck on Ft. Sumter rep., 1863. 


5 l(i 


6 49 


4 27 


5 20 


6 45 


432 


5 11 


6 54 


4 21 


236 


23 


SUN. 


Ft. Morgan surrenders, 1864. 


5 17 


6 48 


rises 


5 21 


6 43 


rises 


5 12 


6 52 


rises 


237 


24 


Mo. 


British capt're Washing'n.1814 


5 18 


6 4; 


7 16 


5 2'' 


6 42 


7 15 


5 14 


6 51 


7 17 


238 


25 


Tu. 


Battle Ream's Station, 1864. 


5 19 


6 45 


7 34 


5 23 i 40 


7 36 


5 15 


6 49 


7 33 


239 


2(i 


We. 


Stamp-act riot Boston, 17C.S. 


5 20 


6 43 


7 53 5 21 i 39 7 57 5 KJ 


6 47 


7 51 


240 


27 


Th. 


Battle of Long Island, 1776. 


5 21 


6 42 


8 15 5 24 i 38 8 20 5 17 


6 45 


8 10 


241 


28 


Fri. 


Post-carserv.C.&N.W.Ry, 1864 


5 22 


6 40 


8 39 5 25 ! 3li 8 4li 5 Is 


6 44 


8 32 


242 


29 


Sat. 


Second battle Bull Run, !8fS. 


5 23 


6 38 


9 7 5 26 > 34 


!l 17 5 19 


6 42 


8 58 


243 


30 


srx. 


Americ'ns evacuate R. I., 1778. 


5 24 


(i 37 


9 42 


5 2716 33 


9 53 5 20 


6 41 


9 31 


244 


31 


Mo. 


French fleet arrives, 1781. 


5 25 


6 35 


10 28 


5 2816 31 


10 39 15 21 6 39 


10 15 



9th MONTH. SEPTEMBER. so DAYS. 


IAY OF i 

fKAK. 


6 

S 
H 


N 


September, from Septem (sev- 
enth), as it was the seventh 
Roman month. 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb.,T*.Y., Pa., 
S.Wis., S. Mich. 
N. 111., Ind., O. 


St. Loul8,S.Ill., 
Va., Ky., Mo., 
Kan., Col., Cal., 
Ind., Ohio. 


St. Paul.N.E. 
Wls. and Mich., 
N.E. New York, 
Minn., Or. 


H 1 ^ 


G 


o> 


AMKIUCAN HISTORY. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

B.&S. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 

sets. 


Moon 

B.&S. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

B.&S. 










n.M. 


H.M 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


245 


1 


Tu. 


Battle of Chantilly, 1862. 


5 26 


6 34 


11 23 


5 29 


6 30 


11 34 


5 22 


6 37 


11 10 


24(i 


2 


We. 


Atlanta surrenders, 1864. 


5 27 


ti 32 


morn 


5 30 


6 28 


morn 


5 23 


6 35 


morn 


2-17 


3 


Th. 


Tre'ty of peace.U.S. &G. B.,'83 


5 28 


(i 30 


027 


5 31 


6 27 


038 


5 25 


6 33 


16 


248 


4 


Fri. 


Chicago lighted with gas. 1850. 


5 29 


ti -8 


1 40 


5 32 


(i 25 


1 49 


5 26 


6 31 


1 31 


249 


5 


Sat. 


Lee invades Maryland, 1862. 


5 30 


(i 27 


2 56 


5 33 


6 24 


3 3 


5 27 


6 29 


249 


250 


(i 


SUN. 


Mayflower sails, 1620. 


5 31 


ti 25 


4 14 


5 33 


6 22 


418 


5 28 


6 27 


4 10 


251 


7 


Mo. 


Ft. Wayne captured, 1863. 


5 32 


6 23 


sets 


5 34 


6 20 


sets 


5 29 


6 25 


sets 


252 


8 


Tu. 


Battle of Molino del Rey, 1847. 


5 33 


6 21 


6 46 


5 35 


6 19 


648 


5 31 


6 24 


6 45 


253 


9 


We. 


Geneva award paid, 1873. 


5 34 


(5 20 


7 11 


5 36 


6 17 


7 15 


5 32 


6 22 


7 7 


25 1 


10 


Th. 


Perry's vlct. in Lake Erie, 1813 


5 35 


(5 18 


7 40 


537 


6 16 


747 


5 33 


6 20 


733 


255 


11 


Fri. 


Battle of Brandywine, 1777. 


5 36 


6 17 


8 16 


538 


6 14 


8 26 


5 34 


6 18 


8 7 


256 


12 


Sat. 


Battle of Chapultepec, 1841. 


537 


6 15 


9 


5 39 


6 13 


9 12 


5 35 


6 16 


849 


257 


13 


SUN. 


Gen. Wolf killed, 1759. 


538 


6 13 


9 54 


5 40 


6 11 


10 5 


5 37 


6 15 


9 41 


258 


14 


Mo. 


City of Mexico taken, 1847. 


5 39 


6 11 


10 55 


5 41 


6 10 


11 6 


5 3S 


6 13 


10 42 


259 


15 


Tu. 


Delegates adopt consti'n, 1787. 


5 41 


6 10 


morn 


5 41 


6 8 


morn 


5 39 


6 11 


11 51 


2(30 


1(5 


We 


Battle of Winchester, 1864. 


5 42 


6 8 


1 


5 42 


6 6 


012 


540 


6 9 


morn 


2(51 


17 


Th. 


Battle of Antietam, 1862. 


5 43 


6 6 


1 10 


543 


6 5 


1 19 


541 


6 7 


1 2 


262 


18 


Fri. 


Fugitive slave law signed, 1850 


5 44 


6 4 


218 


5 44 


6 3 


2 24 


5 43 


6 5 


2 12 


263 


19 


Sat. 


Battle of luka, 1862. 


5 45 


6 2 


3 24 


5 45 


6 1 


3 28 


5 44 


6 3 


3 20 


2(34 


.'() 


SUN. 


Battle of Lexington, Va., 1861. 


5 45 


6 1 


4 26 


5 46 


6 


4 29 


5 45 


6 1 


4 25 


265 


21 


Mo. 


Battle of Fisher's Hill, 1864. 


5 46 


5 59 


5 28 


5 47 


5 58 


5 28 


5 46 


5 59 


5 29 


2(5(5 


22 


Tu. 


Arnold's treason, 1780. 


5 47 


5 57 


rises 


548 


5 57 


rises 


5 47 


5 57 


rises 


2(57 


23 


We. 


PaulJones' victory, 1779. 


5 48 


5 55 


621 


549 


555 


625 


5 49 


5 56 


6 16 


2(58 


2-1 


Th. 


Monterey captured, 1846. 


5 49 


5 53 


6 43 


5 50 


5 53 


6 50 


5 50 


5 54 


6 37 


269 


25 


Fri. 


Philadelphia captured, 1777. 


5 51 


5 52 


7 9 


550 


5 52 


7 18 


5 51 


5 52 


7 1 


270 


26 


Sat. 


Harrison leaves Vincen'es,1811 


5 52 


5 50 


7 41 


5 51 


5 50 


7 52 


5 52 


5 50 


7 31 


271 


27 


SUN. 


Battle of Pilot Knob, 1864. 


5 53 


5 48 


8 22 


5 52 


5 49 


833 


5 53 


5 48 


8 10 


272 


2S 


Mo. 


Detroit retaken, 1813. 


5 54 


5 46 


9 12 


5 53 


5 47 


923 


5 55 


546 


8 59 


273 


29 


Tu. 


Andre convicted, 1780. 


5 55 


5 45 


10 10 


5 64 


5 45 


10 22 


5 56 


5 44 


9 59 


274 


30 


We. 


Congress meets at York, 1777. 


5 57 


543 


11 17 


555 


5 44 


11 27 


5 57 


5 42 


11 7 


10th MONTH. OCTOBER. a 1 DAYS. 


9 


6 
S 


AY OK 
rKEK. 


October was formerly the 
eighth month, and hence the 
name from Octem (eighth). 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb., N.Y., Pa., 
S.Wis., S.Mich. 
N. 111.. Ind., O. 


St. Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., Mo., 
Kan., Col., Cal., 
Ind., Ohio. 


St. Paul.N.E. 
Wls. and Mich., 

N.E. New York, 
Minn., Or. 


fi 


O 


G> 


AMERICAN HISTORY. 


Sun 
rises 


Sum Moon 
sets.j B.&S. 


Sun 

rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

B.&S. 


Sun 
rises 


Sun 
sets. 


Moon 

B.&S. 










H.M. 


H.M. H. .M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


275 


1 


Th. 


Jacks'n removes TJ.S.deps,1833 


5 58 


5 42 


morn 


5 56 


5 42 


morn 


5 58 


5 40 


morn 


276 


2 


Fri. 


Andre hung as a spy, 1780. 


5 59 


5 40 


30 


5 57 


5 41 


38 


6 


5 38 


022 


277 


3 


Sat. 


Harrison at Terre Haute, 1811 


6 


5 38 


1 46 


5 58 


5 39 


1 51 


6 1 


5 37 


1 41 


278 


4 


SUN. 


Battle of Germantown, 1777. 


6 1 


5 36 


3 2 


5 59 


5 3S 


3 6 


6 3 


5 35 


3 


279 


5 


Mo. 


Tecumseh killed, 1813. 


6 2 


5 35 


4 20 


6 


.-> 36 


421 


6 4 


5 33 


4 20 


280 


(i 


Tu. 


Peace proclaimed, 1783. 


6 3 


5 33 


5 39 


6 1 


5 34 


537 


6 5 


5 31 


5 42 


281 


7 


We. 


Bristol, R. I., bombarded, 1776. 


6 4 


5 31 


sets 


6 2 


5 33 


sets 


6 ti 


5 29 


sets 


282 


8 


Th. 


First great Chicago flre. 1871, 


6 5 


5 29 


6 12 


6 3 


5 32 


6 20 


6 8 


5 2S 


6 4 


283 


9 


Fri. 


Battle of Strasburg, Va., 1864. 


6 6 


5 28 


6 54 


6 4 


5 30 


7 5 


6 9 


5 26 


6 44 


281 


10 


Sat. 


Naval academy opened, 184o. 


6 8 


5 26 


7 45 


6 5 


5 29 


7 56 


6 10 


5 24 


7 32 


285 


11 


SUN. 


Battle Lake Cnamplain, 1776. 


6 9 




8 45 


6 6 


5 27 


8 56 


6 11 


5 22 


832 


281) 


12 


Mo. 


Battle of Resaca. Ga., 1864. 


(i 10 


5 23 


9 51 


6 7 


5 2(5 


10 2 


6 12 


5 20 


9 40 


287 


13 


Tu. 


Battle of Queenstown, 1812. 


6 11 


5 21 


11 1 


6 8 


524 


11 10 


6 14 


5 19 


1052 


288 


14 


We. 


Declaration of rights, 1774. 


(i 12 


5 20 


morn 


6 9 


5 23 


morn 


6 15 


5 17 


morn 


289 


15 


Th. 


Great bank panic, 1857. 


6 14 


5 18 


10 


6 10 


5 21 


017 


6 16 


5 15 


3 


290 


1(5 


Fri. 


Harper's F. arsen'l capt.. 1859. 


6 15 


5 17 


1 16 


6 11 


5 20 


1 21 


6 17 


5 13 


1 11 


291 


17 


Sat. 


Burgoyne's surrender, 1777. 


6 16 


5 15 


219 


6 12 


5 18 


2 22 


6 19 


5 11 


2 17 


292 


18 


SUN. 


Treaty with Seminoles, 1820. 


6 17 


5 14 


3 22 


6 13 


5 17 


323 


6 20 


5 10 


3 22 


293 


19 


Mo. 


Cornwallis surrenders, 1781. 


618 


5 12 


4 23 


6 14 


5 16 


4 22 


6 22 


5 8 


4 25 


294 


20 


Tu. 


Grant relieves Ros'ncr'ns, 1863 


(i 19 


5 11 


5 24 


6 15 


5 14 


5 20 


6 23 


5 6 


5 28 


295 


21 


We. 


Earthquake at San Fran., 1868 


(i 20 


5 9 


624 


ti 16 


5 13 


6 19 


6 24 


5 4 


6 31 


29(5 


22 


Th. 


Hessians arrive, 1776. 


6 21 


5 8 


rises 


6 17 


5 12 


rises 


6 26 


5 3 


rises 


297 


23 


Fri. 


Topeka convent'n meets, 1855. 


6 22 


5 6 


5 44 


(3 18 


5 10 


5 54 


6 27 


5 1 


5 34 


298 


21 


Sat. 


Zagonyi'sch'ge, Springf d, 1861 


(5 24 


5 5 


6 22 


6 10 


5 9 


6 34 


6 29 


5 


6 11 


299 


25 


SUN . 


British evacuate R. I., 1779. 


6 25 


5 3 


7 8 


(i 20 


5 8 


7 19 


(5 30 


4 58 


6 55 


300 


26 


Mo. 


Recession agreed upon, 1860. 


(> 27 


5 2 


8 4 


6 21 


5 6 


8 14 


631 


4 57 


7 52 


301 


27 


Tu. 


Ram Albemarle sunk, 1864. 


6 28 


5 


9 6 


6 22 


5 5 


9 17 


6 33 


4 55 


8 56 


302 


28 


We. 


Erie canal completed, 1825. 


(i 29 


4 59 


10 14 


(i 23 


5 4 


10 23 


(i 34 


4 54 


10 6 


303 


29 


Th. 


McC'ellan dies, 1885. 


(> 30 


4 58 


11 26 


(i 24 


5 3 


11 32 


6 3(5 


4 52 


11 20 


301 


30 


Fri. 


San Fran, bay discovered, 1769 


(3 32 


-1 56 


morn 


6 26 


5 2 


morn 


(3 37 


4 51 


morn 


305 


31 


Sat. 


Gen. Scott retires, 1861. 


6 33 


4 55 


40 


16 27 


5 


44 


6 38 


4 50 


36 



ntn MONTH. NOVEMBER. so DAYS. 


op; 


c 

- 


S S 


November, from Novem (nine), 
as It was formerly the ninth 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb., N.Y., Pa., 
S. Wis.. S.Mich. 


St. Louis, S. 111., 
Va., Ky., Mo., 
Kan., Col., Cal., 


St. Paul, N. E. 
Wis. and Mich., 
N.E. New York, 


M 


< 


*! H 

Q 


month. 


N. 111., Ind., O. 


Ind., Ohio. 


Minn., Or. 


Q 


2 


W 1 ^ 




Sun 


Sun 


Moon 


Sun 


Sun Moon 


Sun 


Sun 


Moon 








AJIKKICA.N HISTORY. 


rises 


sets. 




rises 


sets.'R.&s. 


rises 


sets. 


B.&S. 










H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H. M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


H.M. 


306 


1 


sux. 


Bat. French Creek, N. Y., 1813. 


6 34 


4 54 


1 54 


6 28 


459 


1 56 


6 40 


4 48 


1 53 


307 


2 


Mo. 


Washington's farewell, 1783. 


(5 35 


4 53 


3 10 


6 29 


458 


3 9 


6 41 


4 47 


3 12 




3 


Tu. 


Battle of Opelousas, La., 1863. 


6 36 


4 52 


4 28 


6 30 


4 57 


4 24 


6 43 


4 45 


4 32 


'!()'( 


I 


We. 


George Peabody died, 1869. 


(i MS 


4 50 


5 49 


6 31 


4 56 


5 43 


6 44 


4 44 


5 57 


310 


5 


Th. 


Battle near Nashville, 1862. 


639 


449 


sets 


6 32 


4 55 


sets 


6 45 


4 43 


sets 


311 


6 


Fri. 


Brownsville, Tex., taken. 1863. 


6 40 


448 


5 30 


6 33 


4 54 


5 41 


6 47 


4 41 


5 19 


312 


7 


Sat. 


Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811. 


6 41 


447 


629 


6 34 


4 53 


640 


6 48 


4 40 


6 16 


818 


8 


SUN. 


Confed. envoys taken, 1861. 


6 42 


446 


736 


6 36 


4 52 


7 48 


6 50 


4 38 


7 25 


314 


9 


Mo. 


Battle of Talladega, Ga., 1813. 


6 44 


4 44 


847 


6 37 


4 51 


8 57 


6 51 


4 37 


8 38 


315 


10 


Tu. 


Burnside takes command, 1862. 


6 45 


4 43 


9 58 


6 38 


4 50 


10 6 


6 52 


4 36 


9 51 


31(5 


11 


We. 


Cherry Valley massacre, 1778. 


6 46 


4 42 


11 6 


6 39 


4 49 


11 11 


6 54 


4 35 


11 1 


317 


12 


Th. 


Montreal taken, 1775. 


6 47 


4 41 


morn 


6 40 


448 


morn 


6 55 


434 


morn 


318 


13 


Fri. 


Provisional govt. in Tex., 1835. 


648 


440 


10 


641 


448 


14 


6 57 


4 33 


8 


319 


14 


Sat. 


U. S. Christian com. org., 1861. 


6 50 


4 40 


1 13 


6 42 


4 47 


1 15 


6 58 


432 


1 13 


320 


15 


SUX. 


Articles conf'n adopted, 1777. 


6 51 


4 39 


2 14 


6 43 


4 46 


2 13 


6 59 


431 


2 16 


321 


Hi 


Mo. 


Manistee lost, 1883. 


6 52 


438 


3 15 


6 44 


4 45 


3 12 


7 


430 


3 19 


322 


17 


Tu. 


Battle Knoxville, Tenn., 1863. 


653 


437 


4 15 


6 45 


4 45 


4 11 


7 2 


4 29 


421 


323 


18 


We. 


Standard time adopted. 1883. 


6 54 


436 


5 18 


6 47 


4 44 


5 12 


7 3 


428 


526 


324 


19 


Th. 


Gettysb'g cem. dedicated, 1863. 


6 56 


4 36 


6 22 


6 48 


4 44 


613 


7 4 


4 27 


6 32 


325 


20 


Fri. 


British take Ft. Lee, 1776. 


(5 57 


4 35 


rises 


6 49 


4 43 


rises 


7 5 


426 


rises 


32(5 


21 


Sat. 


Surrender Fredricksliurg, 1862. 


6 58 


4 34 


5 6 


6 50 


4 42 


5 17 


7 7 


425 


4 54 


327 


22 


SUX. 


Ft. George captured, 1780, 


659 


433 


6 


6 51 


442 


6 11 


7 8 


4 25 


5 48 


328 
32!! 


23 

21 


Mo. 
Tu. 


Fight at Chattanooga. 1863. 
Battle Columbia, Tenn., 1764. 


7 
7 2 


433 

4 32 


7 

8 7 


6 52 
6 53 


4 41 
4 41 


7 11 
8 16 


7 10 
7 11 


4 24 
4 23 


649 

7 58 


330 


25 


We. 


Ft. Duquesne taken, 1755. 


7 3 


4 32 


9 17 


6 54 


4 40 


9 24 


7 12 


4 22 


9 10 


331 


2(5 


Th. 


Sojourner Truth died, 1883. 


7 4 


4 31 


10 28 


6 55 


4 40 


10 32 


7 13 


422 


10 23 


332 


27 


Fri. 


Utah declar'd in rebellion, 1857 


7 5 


431 


11 39 


6 56 


439 


11 42 


7 15 


421 


11 37 


333 


28 


Sat. 


Ft. Rosalie massacre, 172!). 


7 6 


4 30 


morn 


6 57 


4 39 


morn 


7 16 


421 


morn 


334 


29 


SUN. 


Savannah, Ga., taken, 1778. 


7 8 


4 30 


051 


658 


439 


051 


7 17 


4 20 


52 


335 


30 


Mo. 


Battle of Franklin, Tenn. .1863. 


7 9 


4 29 


2 6 


659 


439 


2 3 


7 18 


4 20 


2 9 


ism MONTH. DECEMBER. 31 DAYS. 


LY OF 1 
'EAR. 


6 

?, 


AY OF 

fEEK. 


December, from Decem (ten), 
the Roman Calender terming it 
the tenth month. 


Chicago, Iowa, 
Neb.,N. Y., Pa., 
S.Wis., S.Mich., 
N. 111., Ind., O. 


St. Louis, S. III., 
Va., Ky., Mo.. 
Kan., Col., Cal., 
Ind., Ohio. 


St. Paul, N.E. 
Wis. and Mich., 
N.E. New York, 
Minn., Or. 


or 





&F 




Sun 


Sun 


Moon 


Sun 


Sun 


Moon 


Sun 


Sun 


Moon 








AMERICAN HISTORY. 


rises 


sets. 


B.&8. 


rises 


sets. 


H.A-.S. 


rises 


sets. 


R.&S. 


336 


1 


Tu. 


Habeas corp. re-estab., 1865. 


ffd 


H.M. 

4 29 


H. M. 

3 23 


H.M. 

7 


H.M. 

439 


H. M. 

3 18 


H.M. 

7 19 


H.M. 

4 20 


H.M. 
3 29 


337 


2 


We. 


Execution John Brown, 1859. 


7 11 


4 29 


4 43 


7 1 


438 


4 36 


7 21 


4 19 


4 52 


338 


3 


Th. 


Revolutionary army dis., 1783. 


7 12 


4 29 


6 4 


7 2 


438 


5 54 


7 22 


4 19 


6 15 


33! 


1 


Fri. 


Senateexp'ls Breck nri'ge.1861 


7 13 


4 28 


sets 


7 3 


4 38 


sets 


7 23 


4 19 


sets 


340 


5 


Sat. 


Worcester, Masf ., taken, 1786. 


7 14 


4 28 


5 13 


7 4 


438 


524 


7 24 


4 19 


5 1 


341 


(5 


SUX. 


Anti-slavery soc, org., 1833. 


7 15 


4 28 


625 


7 5 


4 38 


6 36 


7 25 


4 19 


615 


342 


7 


Mo. 


Bat. Prairie Grove, Ark., 1862, 


7 16 


1 2S 


7 38 


7 6 


4 38 


747 


7 26 


4 18 


7 30 


3 13 


8 


Tu. 


British take N'port, K. I., 1776. 


717 


4 28 


849 


7 7 


4 38 


8 55 


7 27 


4 18 


8 43 


344 


9 


We. 


Battle of Great Bridge. 1775. 


717 


4 28 


9 58 


7 7 


4 38 


10 2 


7 28 


4 18 


954 


315 


10 


Th. 


Savannah besieged, 1864. 


718 


1 28 


11 2 


7 8 


438 


11 4 


7 29 


4 18 


11 1 


346 


1 1 


Fri. 


Burnside cross's Bap'nook.lSSi 


7 19 


1 28 


morn 


7 9 


439 


morn 


7 30 


4 18 


morn 


317 


12 


Sat. 


Battle Franklin, Tenn., 1862. 


720 


4 28 


4 


7 10 


439 


4 


7 30 


4 19 


5 


318 


13 


srx. 


Ft. McAllister taken, 1864. 


721 


4 28 


1 5 


7 10 


4 39 


1 3 


7 31 


4 19 


1 8 


319 


11 


Mo. 


Kan.-Xeb. bill submitted, 1853. 


721 


4 29 


2 6 


7 11 


4 39 


2 2 


7 32 


4 19 


2 12 


350 


15 


Tu. 


Hartford convent'n me'ts,1814 


7 22 


4 29 


3 9 


7 12 


4 40 


3 3 


7 33 


4 19 


3 17 


351 


1(5 


We. 


Boston " tea party," 17f3. 


7 23 


429 


4 12 


7 13 


4 40 


4 4 


7 33 


4 19 


422 


352 


17 


Th. 


Battle Goldsboro, N.C., 1863. 


724 


429 


5 15 


7 13 


440 


5 5 


7 34 


420 


5 26 


353 


18 


Fri. 


Battle Mississiniwa, Ind., 1812. 


724 


430 


6 17 


7 14 


4 40 


6 6 


7 34 


4 20 


6 30 


351 


1!) 


Sat. 


Am. army atVall'y For'e, 1777. 


7 25 


4 30 


7 15 


7 14 


441 


7 4 


7 35 


4 20 


7 30 


355 


20 


srx. 


Battle Dranesville, Va., 1861. 


7 25 


4 31 


rises 


7 15 


4 41 


rises 


7 36 


4 21 


rises 


35(5 


21 


Mo. 


Sherm'n reaches Savan'h. 1KT4 


7 26 


4 31 


5 59 


7 15 


4 42 


6 9 


7 3(5 


4 21 


550 


357 


>).j 


Tu. 


The embargo act passed, 1807. 


7 2(5 


4 32 


7 9 


7 16 


4 42 


7 17 


7 37 


4 22 


7 2 


358 


23 


We. 


Washington resigns, 1783. 


7 27 


4 32 


8 20 


7 16 


4 43 


8 25 


7 37 


4 22 


8 15 


359 


21 


Th. 


Treaty of Ghent, 1814. 


727 


4 33 


9 30 


7 17 


4 44 


9 34 


7 38 


4 23 


9 28 


3(i(i:25: Fri. 


Amnesty proclaimed. 1868. 


7 28 


433 


10 41 


7 17 


4 44 


10 42 


7 38 


4 24 


1041 


3(5 2(5 Sat. 


Battle of Trenton, 1776. 


7 28 


4 34 


11 53 


7 18 


4 45 


11 51 


7 38 


4 25 


11 56 


3(52,27 srx. 


Washington made dictat'r,1776 


7 28 


4 35 


morn 


7 18 


4 45 


morn 


7 39 


4 25 


morn 


3(53 


28 


Mo. 


Mason and Slidel sur., 18(53. 


7 28 


4 3(5 


1 7 


7 18 


4 46 


1 4 


7 39 


4 26 


1 13 


3(51 


M) 


Tu. 


Battle Mossy Cre'k.Tenn.. 1Sa*i 


7 29 


4 3(5 


2 24 


7 19 


4 46 


2 18 


7 39 


4 27 


2 32 


3(55 


30 


We. 


Mexican Gadsden cession, 1S53 


7 29 


4 37 


3 42 


7 19 


4 48 


3 33 


7 3!) 


4 27 


3 52 


386 


31 


Th. 


Battle of Quebec, 1775. 


729 


4 38 


4 59 


7 19 


4 48 


4 48 


7 39 


428 


5 11 



<a &ea&s=&eference (Ealtnlrar " 

For ascertaining any day of the week for any given time within two hundred years from the 
Introduction of the New Style, 1752* to 1952 Inclusive. 


YEARS 1753 TO 1952. 


1 


1 


1 


| 


i 

1 





=i 
I 


Ba 

S 

3 


*j 

a. 

$ 


ti 




R 
^> 

< 


1 


1761 
1801 

1762 
1802 


1T67 
1807 


1778 
1818 


1789 
1829 


1795 
1835 


1846 


1857 
1903 


1863 
1914 


1874 
1925 


1885 
1931 


1891 
1942 


4 


3 


T 


3 


* 


1 


3 


6 


3 


4 


1 


2 


1773 
1813 


1779 
1819 

TrrT 

1825 


1790 

1830 


1841 


1847 
1853 


1858 
1909 


1869 
1915 


1875 
1026 


1886 
1937 


1897 
1943 


5 


I 


1 


i 





t 


4 


T 


8 


5 


I 


3 


1757 
1803 

175T 
1805 

I75T 
1806 


1763 
1814 


1785 
1831 


1791 
1842 


1859 

1910 


1870 
1921 


1881 
1927 


1887 
1938 


1898 

1949 


6 


2 


3 


i 


T 


8 


6 


1 


4 


9 


3 


4 


1765 
1811 


1771 
1822 


1782 
1833 


1793 
1839 


1799 
1850 
1901 


1861 
1907 


1867 
1918 


1878 
1929 


1889 
1935 


1895 
1946 


2 


5 


6 





3 


t 


1 


4 


7 


2 


i 


7 


1766 
1817 


1777 
1823 


1783 
1834 


1794 
1845 


1S()U 
1851 
1902 


1862 
1913 


1873 
1919 


1879 
1930 


1890 
1941 


1947 


~8 


6 


6 


t 


4 


~ 


8 


5 


1 


3 


t 


1 


i 1758 
1809 


1769 
1815 


1775 
1826 


1786 
1837 


1797 
1843 


1854 

1905 


1865 
1911 


1871 
1922 


1882 
1933 


1893 
1939 


1899 
1950 


I 


a 


8 


8 


I 


4 


6 


2 


E 


7 


I 


6 


1753 
1810 


1759 
1821 


1770 
1827 


1781 
1838 


1787 
1849 


1798 
1855 


1866 
1906 


1877 
1917 


1883 
1923 


1894 
1934 


1900 
1945 
1951 


1 


4 


4 


1 


2 


, r > 


7 


3 


t 


1 


4 


6 










LEAP YEARS. 






29 






















1768 




1796 


1808 


1836 


1864 




1892 


1904 


1932 


5 


i 


3 


5 


V 

1 


3 


I 


1 


i 

4 


1 

i 


4 
2 


6 
4 


1772 
177C, 
1780 




1812 
1816 
1820 


1840 
1844 
1848 


1868 
1872 
1876 




1896 




1908 
1912 
1916 


1936 
1940 
1944 


3 
1 
6 


8 

4 

a 


7 
6 

3 


8 

i 
6 


ft 
8 

1 


1 

8 

4 


3 
1 

; 


(i 
4 
2 


2 
7 
5 


4 

2 

7 


7 
5 
3 


2 
7 
5 


1756 
1760 
1 




178 
178 


i 
3 


1824 
1828 
2 


18 

If 


162 
156 


1880 
1884 

3 






1920 
1924 
4 


1948 
1952 


4 

2 

5 


7 
g 


1 

6 


4 

2 


(i 

4 
( 


3 

7 


4 
2 


7 

5 


8 

1 


6 

3 

7 


1 

a 


3 
1 


Monday.... 1 
Tuesday.... 2 
Wednesday 3 
Thursday.. 4 
Friday 5 
Saturday... 6 
Sunday 7 
Monday 8 
Tuesday.... 9 
WednesdaylO 
Thur8day-.il 
Friday 12 
Saturday... 13 
Sunday 14 
Monday.... 15 
Tuesday.... 16 
Wednesdayl7 
Thursday.. 18 
Friday 19 
Saturday... 20 
Sunday... 21 
Monday 22 
Tuesday.... 23 
Wednesday24 
Thursday.. 25 
Friday 26 
Saturday... 27 
Sunday.... 28 
Monday 29 
Tuesday.... 30 
WcdnesdaySl 


Tuesday.... 1 
Wednesday 2 
Thursday.. 3 
Friday 4 
Saturday... 5 
Sunday 6 
Monday 7 
Tuesday.... 8 
Wednesday 9 
Thursday.. 10 
Friday 11 
Saturday... 12 
Sunday 13 
Monday 14 
Tuesday.... 16 
WednesdaylG 
Thursday.. 17 
Friday 18 
Saturday... 19 
Sunday 20 
Monday 21 
Tuesday.... 22 
Wednesday23 
Thursday.. 24 
Friday 25 
Saturday... 26 
Sunday ... .27 
Monday 28 
Tuesday.... 29 
WednesdaySO 
Thursday.. 31 


Wednesday 1 
Thursday.. 2 
Friday 8 
Saturday... 4 
Sunday 5 
Monday 6 
Tuesday 7 
Wednesday 8 
Thursday.. 9 
Friday 10 
Saturday... 11 
Sunday 12 
Monday.... 13 
Tuesday.. ..14 
Wednesdayl5 
Thursday.. 16 
Friday 17 
Saturday... 18 
Sunday 19 
Monday.... 20 
Tuesday.... 21 
Wednesday22 
Thursday.. 23 
Friday 24 
Saturday.. .25 
Sunday. . . .26 
Monday 27 
Tuesday.... 28 
Wednesdays'.* 
Thursday.. 30 
Friday 31 


Thursday.. 1 
Friday 2 
Saturday... 3 
Sunday 4 
Monday 5 
Tuesday.... 6 
Wednesday 7 
Thursday.. 8 
Friday 9 
Saturday... 10 
Sunday 11 
Monday.... 12 
Tuesday.. ..13 
Wednesday^ 
Thursday.. 15 
Friday 16 
Saturday... 17 
Sunday 18 
Monday 19 
Tuesday.... 20 
Wednesday21 
Thursday.. 22 
Friday 23 
Saturday.. .24 
Sunday 25 
Monday 26 
Tuesday.. ..27 
Wednesday28 
Thursday. .29 
Friday 30 
Saturday... 31 


Friday 1 ! 
Saturday... 2 . 
Sunday.... 3 
Monday. . . . 4 ' 
Tuesday.... 5 1 
Wednesday 6 ' 
Thursday.. 7 
Friday 8i 
Saturday... 9 
Sunday 10 
Monday....!] ' 
Tuesday.... 12 
Wednesdays ' 
Thursday.. 14 1 
Friday 15 i 
Saturday... 16 
Sunday 17| 
Monday 18 ' 
Tuesday.... 19 "* 
Wednesday^ ' 
Thursday. .21 1 
Friday 22 S 
Saturday... 23 < 
Sunday 24 1 
Monday.... 25 ' 
Tuesday.. ..26 ^ 
Wednesday27 ' 
Thursday. .28 ] 
Friday 29 
Saturday... 80 i 
Sunday.... SI 1 


Saturday... ] 
Sunday.... ' 
Monday 5 
Tuesday.... t 
Vednesday .' 
^hursday.. 6 
Friday '< 
Saturday... f 
Sunday.... $ 
Monday.... 1( 
Tuesday....!] 
Vednesdayl! 
^hursday..l3 
Friday 14 
Saturday... 1{ 
Sunday.... 1< 
Monday 17 
Tuesday If 
Vednesdayl! 
'hursday.^ 
Friday 21 
Jaturday... 22 
Sunday. . . .23 
Monday. . . .24 
'uesday....25 
iVednesday26 
'hursday..27 
>lday 28 
aturday...29 
Sunday. . . .30 
Monday 31 


Sunday.... 1 
Monday 2 
Tuesday.... 3 
Wednesday 4 
Thursday.. 5 
Friday 6 
Saturday... 7 
Sunday 8 
Monday 9 
Tuesday.. ..10 
Wednesdayll 
Thursday.. 12 
Friday 13 
Saturday... 14 
Sunday 16 
Mom ay 16 
Tuesday.... 171 
WednesdaylS 
Thursday. .19 
Friday 20 
Saturday... 21 
Sunday 22 
Monday 23 
Tuesday.... 24, 
Wednc8day25 
Thursday.. 26 
Friday 27 
Saturday. ..38 
Sunday 29 
Monday 30 
Tuesday.... 31 


NOTE. To ascertain any day of the week first look in the table for the year required and 
under the months are figures which refer to the corresponding figures at the head of the 
columns of days below. For Example: To know on what day of the week July 4 was in the 
year 189n. in the table of years look for 181)5, and in a parallel line, under July, is figure 1, which 
directs to column 1, in which it will be seen that July 4 falls on Thursday. 
1752 same as 1772 from Jan. 1 to Sept. 2. From Sept. 14 to Dec. 31 same as 1780 (Sept. 3-13 were 
omitted). This Calendar is from Whitaker's London Almanack, with some revisions. 



12 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE, WITH RATE OF DUTY, 


For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1895, compared with the corresponding period of 1894. 
[Abbreviation: n. e. s., not elsewhere specified.] 
NOTE. The new arrangement, combining free and dutiable is made to conform to the 
tariff classification which took effect August 28, 1894. 


IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE. 


1894. 


1895. 


Duty. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Agricultural i mplements free 








Jl,280 




Animals Cattle free No 


312 
1,280 
1,516 
4,650 
2,537 
240,031 


$5,349 
13,355 
836,157 
483,415 
63,022 
725,159 
186,339 


14,a")6 
134,825 
1,263 
11,833 
1,942 
288,519 


99,104 
666,749 
417,664 
637,527 
30,885 
651,733 
173,468 
61,162 


Do dut No 


Horses free. .No 




Do dut No 


Sheep free.. No. 


2(1<? 


Do dut.. No 


All other, including fowls free 


20$ 


Do dut 




88,450 




Total... .. H re t e 




1,090,867 
1,310.379 




721,121 
2,017,171 


25 
30 < 


Antimony ore, and regulus or metal... free.. Ibs. 
Articles, the growth, produce and manufacture 
of the U. 8., returned, n. e. s free 




2,543,924 
240,810 


2,990,196 


187,326 

2,292,205 
3,ti55,817 
187,250 
266,956 
230,943 
247,863 

1,750,810 

1,580,827 
132,126 




Do dut 




1484,1*1 




Asphaltum or bitumen, crude free tons 


77,449 
46,269 


203,883 
212,350 
194,632 

1,875.286 
1,584,182 
167,270 


85,646 
47,336 




Bolting cloths free 
Books, music, maps, engravings, etch- 
ings, photographs, and other 
printed matter free 
Do dut 
Brass, and manufactures of dut 
Breadstuffs Barley dut...bu. 


791,061 
2,199 
8,345 


358,744 
1,508 
3,928 


2,116,816 
16.525 
308.308 


867,743 
7,552 
80,901 


Corn dut...bu. 
Oats .. dut...bu. 


... . 20% 


20$ 


Oatmeal dut. .Ibs. 


421,459 
50 
1,181,060 
401 


24,483 
37 
769,177 
1,946 

220,462 


296,176 
12,918 
1,429.993 
1,868 


21,993 
6,272 
888.965 
8,295 

314,897 
682,831 
2,859.449 


1556 


Rye dut...bu. 


20% 


Wheat dut...bu. 




Wheat flour dut.brls. 


20j 


All other, and preparations of, used as food 


....7^clb. 

35$ 
1056 

.8c 100 Ibs. 

2556 
1056 






821,602 




Total 




2,201,887 




Bristles Crude, not sorted, hunched, or pre- 






4,741 
1,296,753 
1,301,494 


1,892 
1,242,259 
1,244,151 




892,520 
892,520 


929,231 
929,231 


Total 






559,767 
464,912 

3,265,087 


1059971593 


660.583 
1,070,733 

3,409.937 






Cement, Roman, Portland, and other 
hydraulic dut. .Ibs 


1015133873 


Chemicals, Drugs, and Dyes Alizarin and aliz- 
arin colors or dyes, natural or artificial, 
including extract of madd er free . . Ibs. 
Argal, or argol, or crude tartar free.. Ibs. 
Barks, cinchona, or other, from which qui- 
nine may be extracted free. .Ibs. 
Coal-tar colors and dyes dut 
Cochineal free. . Ibs. 


3,959,572 
22,373,180 

2,497,439 
""101,284 


722,265 
1,501,200 

143,249 

1,499,978 
28,124 


5,294,467 
27,911,112 

1,911.489 
"'134,205 


870,768 
1,893,730 

117,297 

2,549,350 
38,568 


Dyewoods Logwood free. tons 


53,705 


1,313,376 
136,907 


60,731 


1.487,291 
102.482 
264,223 
l,853,99f 


All other free 


Extracts and decoctions of .dut. .Ibs. 
Total 


i .2,582,646 


189,197 
1.1)39,480 


3,711,315 


..ItoSclb. 


Glycerine dut. .Ibs. 


8,321,853 
1.089.589 
1,323,932 
27.397,460 
4,868,681 


519,296 
108,8e,8 
309.407 
981,329 
996,706 
2.783,420 
5,179,730 


13,488.825 
1,461,239 
1.500,739 
29,122.203 
6,401,060 


784,613 
139,055 

284,968 
963,255 
1,288,501 
2,s84,543 
5,560.322 






Gambler or terra japonica free.. Ibs. 
Shellac free. .Ibs. 


All other free. .Ibs. 
Total Ibs. 


Indigo free. .Ibs. 


],7ia534 
70,158,301 

81,610,463 

1,627,965 
716,881 


1,218,576 
1,209,728 

1,507,076 
356,416 
1,691.914 


3,960.758 
83,281,275 

100.256,774 
2,047,542 

358,455 


2.015,975 
1,404,563 

1,644.835 
460,929 
730,669 


Licorice root free. .Ibs. 
Lime, chloride of, or bleaching pow- 
der free. .Ibs. 


Mineral waters, all not artificial free.gals. 
Opium, crude or unmanufactured... .free. .Ibs. 



IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 13 


IMPORTS FEEE AND DUTIABLE. 


1894. 


1895. 


Duty. 


Quant's. 


Valves. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Prepared for smoking and other containing 
less than 9% of morphia dut. .Ibs. 
Potash Chlorate of free.. Ibs. 
Muriate of free. .Ibs. 


50,102 
4,131,180 
81,011,438 
9,071,217 
21,123547 
116,537,382 


$310,771 
520,571 
1,280,795 
251,418 
543,716 
2,596,500 


139.765 
4,505,575 
89,773,02!) 
8.735,290 
29,912,624 
132,926.518 


?920,OOC 
488,539 
1,301,115 
240,031 
757,80b 
2,847,491 


....16 alb. 

....l^clb. 
J4c lb' 


Nitrate of, or saltpeter, crude free. .Ibs. 
All other free.. Ibs. 


Total Ibs. 


Soda Caustic dut. .Ibs. 


38,987,832 
88.079 
16,893,700 
256,293.395 
14,829,622 


850,753 
2.7S5.04S 
120.794 
2,520,921 
104,800 
6,382,316 


56,853,959 
124,803 
28.760,028 
300.59St.257 
11,803,171 


1.044,80! 
4,124,712 
167,267 
2,367,10P 
141,070 
7,844,967 


Nitrate of free. tons 


Sal soda dut . . Ibs. 


Soda ash dut. .Ibs. 


All other salts of dut. .Ibs. 
Total 


Quinia, sulphate of, and all alkaloids or salts 
of cinchona bark free...oz. 


2,485,490 
86,965 
8,383570 
171,556 


488.929 
1,3'!7,9U) 
192,64? 
727,853 
4,486,110 
3,810,106 
27,433,907 
10.119.2ffi 


1,420,649 

126,860 
12,179,203 
137,196 


342,348 

1,091.301 
235,157 
495,273 
4.497,000 
4,753,352 
30,325,615 


Sumac, ground dut. .Ibs. 


Vanilla beans free. .Ibs. 
Allother free 
Do dut 

Total chemlcals.drugs & dyes. j J"^ 6 
Chicory root, raw, unground free. Ibs. 


fl tun. 
25% 


7,951,042 
67,330 

' 1448,454 

17.634,779 


108,892 
526,543 

101,648 

1,098,972 
3,704,113 

2,402,382 


9,544,180 
91,266 

' '1,254,666 
29,307,048 


158,142 
679,637 

306,825 

1,012,696 
3,838,653 

3,195.811 




Clocks and Watches and Parts of Clocks and 
parts of dut 
Watches, and watch materials, and move- 
ments dut 
Coal, bituminous dut. tons 


25% 
....40c ton 

35% 

...Various 

...Various 
...Various 

. ..Various 
. ..Various 
...Various 

...Various 
...Various 
...Various 

30% 

35% 
..Various 

....Scdoz. 

35% 

30% 


Cocoa, or cacao, crude, and leaves and shells 
of free.. Ibs. 


Coffee free. .Ibs. 


531,705,072 
19,229,265 
550,934,337 


87,173,108 
3,141,568 
90,314,676 


645.699,535 
6,502,774 
652,202.309 


95,085.770 
1,043,556 
96,129,326 


Do dut. .Ibs. 


Total Ibs. 


Copper and Manufactures of Ore (fine copper 
contained therein) dut. .Ibs. 


7,251,157 


494,422 


1,158,881 
5,792 


71,486 
295,007 


Ore andregulus free. tons 
Pigs, bars, Ingots, old and other unmanufac- 






3,809,595 
913,637 


295,423 
75,0&3 
64,383 
434,839 




3,571,206 


312,934 
53,544 
366,478 




Total, not including ore 




Cork wood, or cork bark, unm'nf'ctr'd .free 




985,913 
3,003,888 

95,565 

3,385,241 

3.480.801; 




1,049,073 
4,714,817 

125,816 

5,428,243 
5,554.059 


Cotton and Manufactures of Unman- 


27,705,949 

1,152,798 

27,172,415 
28,325,213 


49,362,787 

1,444,421 

45,342,529 

46,780.950 


Manufactures of Cloth Not bleached, 
dyed, colored, stained, painted or 


Bleached, dyed, colored, stained, .painted or 


Total dut.sq.yd 


Clothing, ready-made, and other articles of 
wearing apparel, etc dut 
Knit Goods Stockings, hose, half-hose, shirts, 
drawers, etc dut 




1,658,778 
4,360,655 
8,021,769 

326,224 

4,498,315 
22.346.547 


1,784,855 


2,766,777 
6,534,014 
11,686,064 

658,702 
5,995,722 
33,195.338 


Laces, edgings, embroideries, insertings, neck 
millings, etc dut 




Thread (not on spools), yarn, warps or warp 


747,038 


All other dut 
Total manufactures 


Earthen, Stone and China Ware China, porce- 
lain, parian and bisque, earthen, stone, ant! 
crockery ware Not decorated or orna- 
mented dut 
Decorated or ornamented dut 
All other dut 
Total 




1,258,881 
5,222.075 
398,481 
6,879,437 




2.053.759 
6,585.000 
316,615 
8,956.034 


EJIKS dut doz 


1,791,430 


199,536 


2,709,411 


324,133 
1,722,638 

415,299 
1.741,258 


Feathers and downs, crude, not dressed, colored 
or manufactured free 


Feathers and downs, natural, dressed, colored 
or manufactured, and dressed and finished 
birds for millinery ornaments dut 
Feathers, flowers, fruits, grains and leaves, 
artificial, for millinery use dut 




726,692 
^727.996 







14 CHICAGO DALLY NEWS A T.MAN' AC FOB 1896. 


IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE. 


1894. 


1895. 


Duty. 


Quant' i. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Valuta. 




uB 

23379 


!". -i." 
114,799 
927389 


H 

2L598 


72.403 
154.976 
865,070 
1.092.449 


[box 
.10to2^c 

Ifclb. 
Mclb. 

c Ib". 
Me Ib. 




All other free. tons 


Total 




L139.294 




' Fish Fresh Salmon free ..Ibs. 
Do dut. .Ibs. 


i.63i",336 


"l,SK 


827.873 
556,109 


JH 

50.213 
1.028.4^ 

341.3S2 

765,716 

499^45 
56JW7 
L031.473 
994,427 
44.879 
560.516 
5.473.LS3 


All other l....free.. 


Do dut. . Ibs. 




413,043 
976552 

509.395 
77.079 
982.311 
1.133.509 
84.715 
340.136 
4.643.746 




Cured or Preserved Anchovies and sardines, 
packed in oil or otherwise dut 
Cod. haddock, hake and pollock, dried. 


13.406.193 
3.227.806 
29.180.tiOO 
19,655.600 
1,107,061 


12387.146 

2.839.305 

." mum 

19,019.649 

681x577 


Herring Dried or smoked dut.. Ibs. 


Pickled or salted dut. .Ibs. 


Mackerel, pickled or salted dut-.lbs. 


All other dut 


Total 






Fruits, Including Nuts Bananas free 
Currants. free.. Ibs. 


52,6641843 


5.122.503 
774302 




MB i - : 

am 

187.024 
5.065 

311 ATT 
567.430 
3.917^36 
1597,266 
527.615 
651.420 
570.568 
657.262 
1.068.073 
5.408.S43 
9318^19 


4310.129 

'169.190 
15.018,599 
11355390 


Do dut. .Ibs. 


Dates . , , , free Ibs 


12,406^92 


387.586 


Do- dut Ibs. 


Figs . dut Ibs 


75S5,959 


392.040 

4,285278 


...l^clb. 
51.50 per M 
H40perM 

...... .30% 




Oranges dut. . 




1.127.005 






9.906.122 
13.751.050 


416.342 

.V4 : 

526 .561 

1320.274 
1.160.31U 
8.105.165 


14,352.057 
15521478 


Rai*ins ... dut Ibs 




All other fruits free 
Do dut 

Total fruits |^t 






...Various 
. .3 to 5c Ib. 

an 

...Various 

30$ 
...Various 
...Various 

. .Various 
. .Various 
. .Various 
. .Various 
. .Various 
. .Various 
...Various 

...Various 
12 ton 

Sclb. 


Nuts Almonds dut- .Ibs. 


7,436,784 


769.453 

796,777 


7503^75 


810.439 
59.033 
412.961 
7J0.41U 
5.467.876 
U 772,029 


Cocoannts free.. . 


Do _ dut... . 




631.759 




All other- dut.. 






Total fruits and nuts | < dut"" 




-.-.--. .-4-: 

9362.329 




Furs Fur skins, undressed: and dressed, suit- 
able only for hatters'furs free.. . 




2,641.205 

4 .'-'''. '- 




3.320.053 

7.002.104 


Furs and manufactures of dut 
Glass and Glassware Bottles, vials, demijohns. 








506.183 
14)67,787 
22U314 

, 1 ! 

75-lOt; 
2,272.215 




531504 

835.730 

61^12 

782,778 
- ..: 
684.131 
16,740 
3.605,176 


Cylinder, crown and common window glass, 
unpolished dut. .Ibs 


52.437,068 
102.4S 

1556.605 
243.236 


40,796^79 

297,362 
3.173.574 
,." M 
3.075.491 
46,051 


Cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsil- 


Silvered .dut.sq.ft 


Plate glass, fluted, rolled or rough dnt.sq.ft 




All other dut 


TotaL 












34.425.625 


LMtM 

959426 

2J25.47Q 


Hair U nmanuf actured free 




839572 
122,466 
962.438 


Total 






Hats. Bonnets, and Hoods Materials for. com 




2,017.678 




2.755.450 
1.433.7161 


TT*y ..... dnt. tfms 


86,784! 


761540 


201.900 


Hides and Skins, Other than Fur Skins Goat 
skins free.. Ibs 
Goatskins (sec. 3, act of Oct. 1, 1890).. dut.. Ibs 


' "i.7sais3 


8,170563 

- 4 ---':. 


~4 :V '" 


10.394345 
59.982 
15.(T67.104 

i - : 


Bt : | 

tut 


All other (sec, 3. act of Oct. L.1890) dut.. Ibs 
Total Ibs 


6.014.559 


534Jfl 


: Km 


Hops dut . . Ibs. 


828.022 


484,411 
2.775562 


. ..--.- 


599.744 

2.242.961 


Household and personal effects, and wearing 
apparel in use, etc free 


India rubber A gutta-percha.A manufactures of - 
Unmanufactured Gutta-percha..free~lbs 


496.763 
33.757.7S 
34.25o.54t 


84.340 
15.077593 

' | ... 


i m 

41.130,667 


122 J61 
IUMJM 

18,477 .ObT 


Total unmanufactured Ibs 









IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 15 


IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE. 


1894. 


1895. 


Duty. 


Quant's. 


Values 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Manufactures of Gutta-percha dut 
India rubber dut 




$30.654 
309,308 
339,962 




$71,199 
315,902 
387.101 


301, 


30<J 


Total manufactures 






. . . -40c ton 
. . .$4 a ton 

. . .?4 a ton 
...Various 

...Various 

...Various 

...Various' 
...Various i 

.'.".4-lOclb." 

...Various I 
....l&c Ib. 


Iron and Steel and Manufactures of Iron 
ore dut. tons 


218,550 


388,720 


262,703 


379.682 


Plgiron dut ton" 


25,763 

2.822 
22,763,623 

2,178 

1,792,392 

2,225,690 

27,880.946 
60,523,632 

454.161X826 
56,228,155 

8,710,399 
735,811 
462,384 


585,988 

45,967 
421,997 

42,325 

32,032 
64,158 

820.541 
1,191,045 

11,969,518 
993,802 

475,083 
47,805 
25,120 

805,799 

1221710 

1,419,512 
53.302 
1,494,164 


14,174 

2,882 
28,953,460 

784 


386,555 

37502 
502,346 

11,237 


Scrap iron and steel, fit only to be remanu- 
factured dut tons 


Bar iron, rolled or hammered dut. .Ibs. 
Bars, railway, of iron or steel, or in part of 
steel dut tons 


Hoops or ties for baling purposes, barrel 
hoops, etc dut Ibs 


Hoop, band or scroll iron or steel dut. .Ibs. 
Ingots, blooms, slabs, billets and bars of steel 
and steel informs n. e. s dut.. Ibs. 
Sheet, plate and taggers iron or steel. dut. .Ibs. 
Ties for baling cotton free. .Ibs 
Tin plates, terne plates and tag- 
gers tin dut Ibs 


386,515 
30,107,846 

11,'Out 

508,428,938 
50,514,198 

13.421.195 
956;202 


10,879 

1.098,556 

1,114,636 
120 

12,144.080 
934,359 

679,120 
75,467 

l,854;8(tt 
65,594 


Wire rods of iron or steel dut.. Ibs. 


Wire and wire rope and strand. Iron 
or steel dnt Ibs. 


Manufactures Anvils dut. .Ibs 


Chains .. . .dut Ibs 


Cutlery dut. . . . 


...Various 


Files, file blanks, rasps and floats., .dut 




Firearms dut 






458,462 
291,026 




Needles, hand sewing and darning. f ree. . . . 






Machinery dut 




Shotgun bar'ls.forged, rough-bored free 






48.278 > ' 
1,637,246 


. ..Various 


All other i . . .dut 






Total, not including ore 




21,314,489 




23,0375371 


Ivory Animal free Ibs 


123.843 
7,220,79s) 


374,685 
101,397 

566567 
498,000 
4,844,809 
4,270,573 

2,335.609 
683 


259.364 
8,050,128 


769,716, 
89,437 

562,890 
653,378 
6,858,465 


35% 


Vegetable free Ibs 


Jewelry, manufactures of gold and silver, and 
precious stones Diamonds and other pre- 
cious stones, rough or uncut, etc. free. . 


Jewelry, and manufactures of gold and 
silver dut 






Precious stones, and imitations of, not 
set dut 








Lead, and Manufactures of As reported pre- 
vious to January, 1894. dut 






.%c Ib 


Pigs. bars, old, and other in ore (since Janu- 
ary, 1894) dnt.. Ibs. 


43,266,839 


74^)66,752 


2,485.920 
2,664 


Iclb. 


Manufactures of (since Jauary, 1894). .dut 


Leather, and Manufactures of Leather Bend 
or belting and sole leather. .. dut 




16,459 
384,796 




256,505 

527,427 
3,728555 

2,351,156 
6,863.343 


Calfskins, tanned or tanned and dressed, and 
patent, enameled, and japanned.. dnt 






m 






2,484,740 

1.622,335 
4,508.330 




10% 


Upper leather, dressed, and skins, dressed 
and finished dnt 
Total leather 






20% 

...Various 
. .Various 


Manufactures of Gloves, of kid or other 
leather. dnt 
All other dut 




4,412,597 
495518 
4,907.815 




6,463.872 
491,804 


Total manufactures 






6,955.676 


....SOcgal. 
....15cgal. 

...Various 
...Various 

40% 


Malt Barley dut...bn. 


5.0K 


5.676 


11,069 


7.4<6 


Malt Liquors In bottles or jugs dut.gals. 
In other coverings dut.gals. 


931.172 
1.979,368 

2.910,540 


885,537 
625,230 
1.510.767 


937.443 
2,027,737 
2.965,180 


898,634 
614,808 
1.508.442 


Total gals 


Marble and Stone, and Manufactures of Mar- 
ble, and manufactures of dut 
Stone.and manufactures of, including 
slate dnt 




807,141 

481,855 
1.288.996 




847,481 

391574 
UMJttt 


Total 


f 


Matting for floors, manufactured from round 
or split straw, including Chinese 
matting free 
Metals. Ketal Compositions, and Manufactures 
of Bronze manufactures dut 




1.874,977 




1,638.630 




523,57^ 




477317 

3.750.07-1 


All other dut 






40% 


Total 





16 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 




1894. 


1895. 


Duty. 




Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Mineral substances dut 
Musical Instruments dut 
Oils Animal or rendered Whale and 
flsh dut. gals. 




$180,856 
619,466 




$57,008 
918,170 


25* 
25* 

25* 


569,835 
3,697 


179,556 
1,232 


258,944 
1,464 
20 
942,723 

775,046 


161,981 
469 
9 
35,785 

952,405 
2,053,067 
516,833 


Other dut. gals. 


25jg 




35* 


Do dut. gals. 


194,028 
757,478 


26,751 

909,897 
1,336,802 
393.995 
914,023 


Vegetable Fixed or expressed 
Olive, salad dut.gals. 


Other free 


35* 


Do ....dut.gals. 


438,360 








1,126,876 
272,074 
5,119,499 


...Various 
...Various 

35* 
40* 
..10 to 50* 

. . .15* 


Do dut.gals. 


1,133,255 


188,085 
3,950,341 




Total 












68,717 
1.178,207 


Do dut 
Paper Stock, crude Rags, other than 
woolen free. .Ibs. 




980,715 




49,089,521 


739,602 
2,308.492 
3.048,094 


74,776.703 


1,175,778 
2,610,248 
3,786,026 


All other free 
Total 


Paper, and manufactures of dut 
Perfumeries, cosmetics, etc dut 
Pipes and smokers' articles dut. ..... 


""2,995 
7,935 


2,028.351 
427,850 
314,578 
397,037 
410,819 


"'3,982 
7,051 


2,863,477 
603,730 
412,422 
522,396 
208,935 


Plumbago free, tons 


Provisions, Comprising Meat and Dairy Prod- 
uctsMeat products Meat and meat ex- 
tracts . dut 




412,666 




479,a36 
5,244 
12,930 
1,450,657 
80,491 
2,028,653 


All other . . ...dut 




12,291 
23,356 
1.247,198 
102,336 


"*72,i48 
10,276,293 


15* 
4c Ib. 
4clb. 
2clb. 

....IKclb. 
%c Ib 


Dairy Products Butter dut. .Ibs. 


144,346 
8,742,851 


Cheese dut. .Ibs. 


Milk dut 


Total 




1,797,847 




Rice ..; dut.. Ibs 


77,695,053 

9,115,483 
55,351,281 

142,161,817 


1,183,662 

357,a30 
833,843 
2,374,835 


136,106,809 

5,144.087 

78,262,487 


2,125,052 

228,380 
1,091,532 


Rice (free under reciprocity treaty with Ha- 
waiian Islands free. .Ibs. 


Rice flour, rice meal and broken rice..dut. .Ibs. 
Total Ibs. 


219,513,383 


3,444,964 


....20c bu. 
...Various 

50* 
50* 
45* 
45? 

35<j 








392.129,775 
104,392,326 
496^22,101 


561,490 
119,312 
680.802 




345,479,066 
345,479,066 


592,722 
592,722 


Total Ibs. 


Seeds Linseed or flaxseed dut. .bu. 


592,820 


701,866 

l,328.11t; 


4,166,223 


4,554,485 
1,336,105 
644,991 


All other ' free 


Do dut 


t 


365,621 








Silk and Manufactures of Unmanufactured- 
Cocoons free.. Ibs. 


181,824 
4,956,875 
763,786 
5,902,485 


112,385 
15,627,822 
493,075 
16,234,182 


320,621 
7,974.810 
1,021,029 
!),316,4PO 


139,042 
22,029,088 

457,946 
22,626,056 


Raw, or as reeled from the cocoon. ..free. .Ibs. 
"Waste free. .Ibs. 


Total unmanufactured Ibs. 


Manufactures of Clothing, ready-made, and 
other wearing apparel dut 
Dress and piece goods dut 
Laces and embroideries dut 
Ribbons dut 
All other dut 




1,496,699 
9,695,863 
2.:f:u,22l 
1,068,116 
10,235,871 




1,813,323 
9,774,920 
3.956,270 
1,128,813 
14,532,114 
31,205,440 


Total manufactures 
Soap Fancy, perfumed and all descriptions of 




24,811,773 




693,760 


294,870 
283,940 
578,810 


748,038 


240,930 
312.328 
553,258 


All other dut 
Total 


10* 
3clb. 

.. $1.80 gal. 
...Various 


Spices Unground Nutmegs; free. .Ibs 
Pepper, black or white free. .Ibs. 
Al 1 other free . . Ibs, 


1.140,878 
12,7b4,215 
14,857,688 
1.664.246 
30.427,027 


395.977 
665,576 
943,155 
257,845 
2.262.553 


1,651,280 
20,600,628 

17.876.968 
2,066,481 

42,085,357 


513,339 
791,260 
1,002,746 
271.533 

2,638,878 


Allother dut .Ibs. 


Total Ibs. 


Spirits, Distilled Of domestic manufacture, re- 
turned (subject to internal rove- 


1,060,627 
201,433 
893,131 
2.155.191 


910,526 
568.458 
931,146 
2,410.130 


770,124 
313.327 
1,128,074 
2.2 11. 525 


670,292 
813,882 
1.214.986 
2,729.110 


Bran dy. dut .pr.gl 


All other dut.pr.gl 


Total pr.gl. 


Sponges dut 


25U.446I 


35U.OUS 10* 



IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 17 




1894. 


1895. 


Duty. 




Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Sugar, Molasses, and Confectionery- 
Molasses free. gals. 


19,670,663 


$1,984,778 


2.804,550 

12,271,329 
63,155.50!, 
284321,230 
1064124275 
2104657159 

30,360,868 
8,580,465 

19,335,953 
1127279777 
2447155675 


$211,143 

1,084,003 
1,445,349 
5,547,933 
28,154,631 
39,681,881 


..2&4cgal. 
40% 
. . .Various 
40<5&!^clb. 

35% 

. . . .V4c lb. 
Iclb. 

...Various 

. . .10$ 


Molasses above 40o polariscopic test. .dut.gals. 
Sugar Not above No. 16 Dutch stand- 
ard In color Beet sugar free. .Ibs. 
Do dut. .Ibs. 


510,350,276 


15,793,041 




3775878029 


108,842,016 




Above No. 16 Dutch standard Beet 






743,570 
243,564 








All above No. 16 (kind not specified), 
as reported previous to Sept., 1894. dttt. .Ibs. 

Total ..} f n e( Hh!' 


58,965,576 

4286228305 
58,965,576 


2,236,832 
124,635,057 
2,236,832 


644,629 
29,599,980 
46,861,577 






42,215 
14,144,243 


9*7',249,8i6 


30,745 
13,170.924 


Tea free. .Ibs, 


93,518,717 


Textile Grasses and Vegetable Fibers and Man- 
ufactures of Unmanufactured Flax, and 






5,008 
2,225 
6,177 
777 
9,827 
110,671 
50,218 
47,596 
6,162 
235,659 
3.002 


1,008,743 
1,050,548 
754,975 
127,786 
458,404 


Flax, hackled, etc... dut. tons 


4,352 

'"i',635 
4,789 
50,037 
35,233 
48,468 
10,207 
148,734 
5,987 


1,336,845 

'"239,9i8 
257,089 
1,716,298 
4,013,255 
3,742,073 
858,003 
10,586,718 
1,576,763 


Hemp, and tow of free. tons 






2,752,96T 
4,056,563 
2,743,3% 
324,74b 
12,099,793 
1,178,334 


Manilla free. tons 


Sisal grass . free. tons 


All other free . tons 


Total unmanufactured . . . . \ ? re t e orls 


Manufactures of bags for grain, made of 








1,104,444 

30,490 
332,32] 
4,902,600 
885,529 
19,901 
55,071 
16,422 
511,704 
18,423,671 
26,282,153 


Bagging, gunny cloth and similar material 








Bags and bagging dut 




1,431,683 












Burlaps, ex. for bagging for cotton... dut 
Cables, cordage and twine, n. e. s dut. .Ibs. 


'"333; 746 
5,492,993 


4,566,798 
26,726 
130,740 


'"216,868 
2,861,250 
387,360 
3,592,333 


10% 


Twine, binding .... .. ..free.. Ibs. 


3556 


Yarns or threa'ds dut. .Ibs. 
All other dut 


3,070,641 


469,207 
12,735,607 
19,360,761 


...Various 

...ll-5clb. 

.... 11.50 lb. 
. ..Various 

.$41b&25% 
.$41b&25% 

50% 
20cbu. 
....15cbu. 
...30% 


Total manufactures 












40,484,182 
7,147,600 


5,713,300 
1,074,124 


Do dut. . Ibs. 
Tobacco and Manufactures of Leaf Suitable 
for cigar wrappers dut. .Ibs. 


16,7a5,362 


2,640,770 


4,447,308 
15,215,951 
19,663,259 


5,098,461 
6,886,925 
10,985,386 


5,680,252 
20,989,439 
26,669,691 


7,219,877 
7,526,815 
14,746,692 


Other dut . . Ibs. 


Total leaf Ibs. 


Manufactures of Cigars, cigarettes and che- 
roots dut. . Ibs. 


463,923 


2,083,984 
70,202 
2,154,186 


483,476 


2,083,308 
62,649 
2,145,957 




Total manufactures 






Toys dut 
Vegetables Beans and pease dut..bu. 




2,149,660 




1,889,478 


1,184,081 
3,002,578 


1,117,909 
1,277,194 
341,135 


1,535,913 
1,342,533 


1,548,749 
603,554 
321,591 
679,871 
817,680 
3,971,445 


Pickles and sauces dut... . 


All Other In their natural state dut 
Prepared or preserved dut 
Total 




653,259 
505,510 
3,895,067 




10% 
30% 


.$8dozqts 
...50cgal. 
..Various 

25 % 


Wines Champagne and oth'r sparkling.dut.doz. 
Still Wines In casks dut gals 


237,360 
2,599.693 
296,097 


3, 198,5:2 
1,817,813 
1,423,143 
6,739,478 


256,957 
2,789,153 
296,779 


3,807,961 
1,945.347 
1,430,229 
7.183,537 




Total 


Wood, and manufactures of Unmanufactured 






11,549 


577,517 
665,603 
1,151,720 
52,842 
3,941 

6,172,494 
087,038 
99,790 
300,106 


All other free 






Logs and round timber f ree.M ft. 






159,631 
5,0-S 


Timber, hewn and sawed, etc free. M ft. 






Do . dut 




48,018 

' 6,i3ti',96i 
732.284 
1,419,065 


Lumber boards, planks, deals, and other 
sawed lumber f ree.M ft. 
Do dut.M f t. 


'"514,619 
378,632 


539.585i 
61,224 
51,513 


25% 
25% 
25* 


Shingles dut. . .M. 
Other lumber dut 



18 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1896. 


IMPORTS FREE AND DUTIABLE. 


1894. 


1895. 


Duty. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's . 


Values. 


%>% 


All other unmanufactured free 
Do dut 




$5,966,472 
44,020 

272,843 
1,664,54? 
1.80.263 
18,154,073 




$4,977,454 
1,781 




Manufactures of cabinetware or bouse furni- 
ture dut 
Wood pulp dut tons 


'"35,587 


"'28,446 


365,625 

958.009 
1,800.034 
17.813,854 


25< 

i6<& 


All other dut 
Total wood and manufactures 

Wool, hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, and other 
like animals, and manufactures of un- 
manufactured Class 1 free. .Ibs. 


..Various 

42J^ & 30% 
50% 
S0% 






82.615,995 
4..VJ5.527 
13,207.230 
269,505 
95,503,018 
10,002,631 
91,326^43 
14.807.663 


12,713,350 
622,252 
2.564.427 
73,154 
8,718,447 
864,791 
23,996,224 
1,560,197 


Do dut. .Ibs. 


10,685,469 


1,748,359 


Class 2 free. .Ibs. 


Do . dut Ibs. 


1,548,505 


399,875 


Class 3 free . . Ibs. 


Do dut. .Ibs. 


42,918,584 


3,959,204 
... 




Rags, noils, and wastes ... . free.. Ibs. 
Do dut.. Ibs. 


55.152,558 


6.107,438 


"'143.002 


'"47,522 


12.300.554 
1,7(55.500 


1,444.298 

536,166 


Manufactures of wool, carbonized. . . .dut. .Ibs. 
Carpet and carpeting dut.sq.yds. 






47,984 


16,342 


421,758 

"7,456,4i7 
* 41667031 


959,526 

58,827 
6,756,321 

8,580,962 

1.005.899 
157,352 
357.414 
715,549 
19.391.850 


700,770 

23.9i7.03i 
* 21872916 

113207666 


1,361,465 

999,401 
16,298,131 

14399,844 

937,999 
200.782 


Clothing, ready Bade, and other wearing ap- 
parel, ex. shawls and knit goods . .dut 
Cloths dut Ibs 


Dress goods.women's and children's. cl ut 

Knit fabrics dut 
Shawls dut 


..35&40* i 
. .35 & 40<& 


Yarns dut.. Ibs. 


646,408 


2.403,846 


1.167.368 
1 177,40R 


..Various 


All other dut 


Total manufactures 
Zinc or spelter, and manufactures of In blocks 
or pigs, and old dut. .Ibs. 






36,542.396 


25'.' 


327,242 


14.129 
13,076 
27,208 


811,505 


26,355 
12,179 
38.534 


Manufactures of dut 
Total 


35<6 


All other articles free 
Do .dut 




15.0!.5tU 
5.873,810 




8.998,442 
7.594,068 


Total value of merchandise dut . 





75.1W.OSI] 
79.7!'5,f>; 
64.994.622 





568.729,601 

KW.22.S2T4 
31.957375 


Total value of merchandise free 
Total value of imports of merchandise. . 










"Square yards. fPounds. 


EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC MERCHANDISE. 


[Fiscal Year.] 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quanta 


Values 


Quant'. 


Values. 


Agricultural Implements Mowers and reapers, an< 
parts of 


I 


$326189 


1 ... 


$3,659.735 


Plows and cultivators, and parts of 




. 539,72 


1 


. 513,913 


Exported to United Kingdom 




. 1,226,30 
59693 


a 
i . . 


750 6S2 i 


Germany 




52471 




553349 


France 




28660 


~> 


533 762 i 


Other Europe 




651 41 


4 .... 


1.233.676 


British North America 




222 15 


) 


235,417 


Mexico 




95 4C 


1 


122568 


Central American States and British Honduras 
Cuba 




10.41 
11826 


9 

4 


12.562 1 
38461 


Puerto Rico 




751 





2,728 


Santo Domingo 




1,OJ 


4... 


1,658 


Other West Indies and Bermuda 




6,87 


) 


8,788 


Argentine Republic 




. 1,514,1S 


i 


. 1,004,551 


Brazil 




20,08 


i 


40.834 


Colombia 




3,88 


5 


1,492 


Other South America 




278,75 


... 


26H.867 






358.43 


) ... 


246.9.30 


British India nml East Indies 




2,OK 


1 


1,260 


Other Asia and Ocean ica 




34,89 


i 


29,757 






294.27 


i 


327.733 
. 5,413,075 


Total agricultural implements 




. 5,027.91 


y 



EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 19 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Qwant's. 


Values . 


Animals Cattle Exported to United Kingdom No . 


345,734 
3,069 
5,184 
1,865 
537 
654 
89 
1,942 
199 
4 
1 
359,278 


$32,345,235 
285,792 
450,000 
173,860 
12,489 
31,505 
8,260 
134.317 
20,199 
195 
70 
33,461,922 


305,068 
6,436, 
10,538 
4,780 
530 
2,071 
83 
1,890 
213 
107 
( 

331,722 


$28.492,424 
f 521.920 
840.000 
406,840 
9,094 
31,900 
6.720 
174,640 
12,838 
6,420 
400 
30.603,796 


Germany No 


France No 


Other Europe No 


British North America No 


Mexico . No 


Central American States and British Honduras No. 
West Indies and Bermuda . No 


South America No. 


Asia and Oceanica No. 


Other countries No. 


Total No. 


Hogs Exported to Un Ited Kingdom No 






60 
698 
4,388 
20 
138 
1,738 
88 
7,130 


540 
3,215 
56,112 
380 
2,023 
8,981 
1,173 
72,424 


British North America No. 


324 
334 

74 
90 
686 
45 
1,553 


2,928 
2,724 
1,193 
2,251 
4,498 
1,159 
14,753 


Mexico .. . No 


West Indies and Bermuda No. 


South America No. 


Asia and Oceanica No. 


Other countries No . 


Total No. 


Horses No. 


5,246 
2,063 


1,108,995 
240,961 


19,984 
2,515 


2,209,298 
186,452 


Mules No. 


Sheep Exported to United Kingdom No. 


79,786 


653,135 


335.882 
9,272 
53,985 
909 
3.870 
1,718 
112 
405,748 


2,348.816 
70,361 
159,600 
3,338 
29,503 
16,656 
2,352 
2,630,686 


Other Europe... No. 


British North America No. 


42,550 
5,443 
2,935 
1,615 
41 
132,370 


133,090 
9,085 
22.080 
14,793 
580 
832,763 


Mexico No. 


West Indies and Bermuda No. 


South America No. 


Other countries No, 


Total No. 






53,247 
35,712,641 




51,393 
35.754,049 


Total animals 






Art Works Painting and statuary 




391,763 




471.104 
290.362 
464.707 

288.084 


Bark, and extracts of, for tanning 




271,236 








295,505 
260,675 




Bones, hoofs, horns, and horn tips, strips, and waste 
Books, Maps, Engraving, and Other Printed Matter- 
Exported to United Kingdom 








664,016 




780,314 
121.457 
60.990 
52.767 
522.917 
121,420 
38.107 
33,851 
6,785 
1,503 
66,132 
35,700 
170,088 
79,289 
65,231 
12,301 
69,840 
11,576 
35,948 
29,099 
230 
2,316,217 






110,282 
69,705 
33,799 
674,893 
73,016 
36,282 
39,626 


































Cuba 










2,809 
3,874 
143.767 
43,328 
347,859 
125,525 
86,188 
11,861 






















Brazil . . ... 






Colombia 






Other South America 






China x . 






British Australasia 




67,475 








4,750 
56,179 
23,004 
1,808 










Africa 






Other countries 






Total 




2,620,046 




Brass, and manufactures of 




HOS.427 




784.640 
767,218 
634,600 


Breadstuffs Barley bu 


5,219,405 
15.185,175 


2,379,714 
723.873 


1,563,754 
14,304,504 


Bread and biscuit Ibs. 


Corn Exported to United Kingdom bu. 


26,849,826 
11.438,349 
2.310.428 
11,553,970 
10,468,5R8 
431.516 
337,299 
1,130.057 
17,449 
1,897 
625,464 
125.103 
16,840 


12,393,4*) 
5,339.631 
1.115,015 
5,448.007 
4,466.145 
220,362 
219.018 
571,320 
9.141 
1,025 
344,067 
70.858 
9,680 


15,363.975 
3.217.835 
(31.101 
4.022,62!) 
3,013.178 
179,014 
142,021 
392.204 
1.200 
3.658 
615,530 
103.356 
10,567 


8.120,520 
1.072,539 
30(5.689 
2,125.101 
1,502,114 
108,273 
100,155 
216,01)2 
714 
2,062 
357,778 
61,984 
7,499 


Germany bu. 




British North America bu 




Central American States and British Honduras.... bu. 
Cuba bu. 


Puerto Rico bu. 




Other West Indies and Bermuda bu. 


South America bu. 


Asia and Oceantca bu . 



20 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Other countries bu- 


5,449 
65,324,841 


$2,840 
30,211,154 


4,269 
27,691,137 


82,671 
14,650,767 


Total bu 


Cornmeal brls 
Oats bu 


291,172 

5,750,206 
9,719,337 
230,822 
3,065 


770,5i26 
2,027,934 
238,528 
126,532 
9.273 


223,567 
570,257 
20,499.253 
9,43" 
3,768 


648,844 
200.868 
566,321 
5,340 
12,062 


Oatmeal Ibs 


Rye bu 


Rye flour brls 


Wheat Exported to United Kingdom bu 
Germany bu 


50,868,680 
1,7(0,779 
8,701,100 
22,657,145 
4,260.80-: 
6,130 
40,572 
15,614 
63 


33.602.839 
1.177,259 
5.992,151 
15,769,517 
2,741,578 
4,480 
28,700 
ll 593 


54.373,341 
2.526,931 
1 596791 


30,453,104 
1,522,736 
945,594 
8.156,123 
2,600,129 
4.508 
57,678 
6,508 
49 
2.161 
19,562 
37,158 
63 
43.805,663 


France bu 


Other Europe bu 


ia296,9fll 
4,110,255 
7,938 
90.991 
9,518 
63 
2.887 
38,760 
48,19* 

76,102,704 


British North America bu 


Mexico bu 


Central American States and British Honduras bu. 




' 62 
4,247 
8,020 
66,595 


Other South America bu 


5,176 
12,117 
87,049 


Asiaand Oceanica bu 


Africa bu 


Other countries bu 


Total bu. 


88,415,230 


59,407,041 


Wheat Flour Exported to United Kingdom. brls. 


9,987,179 
286,129 
1,963 
1,565,064 


43.246,944 
1,287,014 
8,158 
6,606,914 
1,959,967 
192,712 
915,671 
2,473,805 
734,443 
167,988 
3,437,189 
3,538,871 
406,030 
1,775,939 
77,342 
12,010 
2,304,721 
73,844 
52509 
69,271.770 


8,H57,529 
256,650 
1,102 
1,050,310 
916,995 
52,065 
282.323 
379,856 
118,617 
41,836 
951,492 
775.425 
113,020 
446,811 
36,144 
8,165 
951,732 
14,757 
14,063 
15,268,892 


30,ti04,837 
740.264 
4,174 
3,594.714 
3,158,543 
171,129 
895,337 
1,301,079 
382,676 
144,649 
3,288.572 
2,683.948 
378,183 
1,501,774 
103,375 
25,854 
2,58,231 
56,390 
48,199 
51.651,928 


Germany brls 


France brls 


Other Europe t... brls 


British North America brls. 


550,740 
51,70(1 
258,235 
662.248 
200,813 
44,173 
937,556 
920,869 
108.465 
486,677 
23,717 
3,600 
736,809 
19,015 
14,581 

16,859,533 


Mexico brls 


Central American States and British Honduras.... brls. 
Cuba brls 


Puerto Rico brls 


Santo Domingo brls 


Other West Indies and Bermuda brls 


Brazil brls 


Colombia brls 




China brls. 


British India and East Indies brls 


Other Asia and Oceanica brls 


Africa brls. 


Other countries brls. 


Total ....brls. 


All other breadstuffs, and preparations of, used as food. 
Total breadstuffs 




1,610,884 
166,777,229 




1,659,504 
114,603,115 


Bricks Building M 


6,884 


51,791 
126,113 
177,904 


5,437 


39,134 
88,699 
127,833 


Fire 


Total 






Broom corn : 




210,742 




169,503 
165.672 

190.9S6 






179098 




Candles Ibs. 


1.918,051 


189,462 


2,091,156 


Carriages and street cars, and parts of 




1 649 154 




1,514,3.' 
868,378 
2.382,714 


Cars, passenger and freight, for steam railroads No. 
Total 


1,723 


1,700,521 
3.349,675 


1,934 


Exported to United Kingdom 




445,385 




370.186 
57,869 
30,863 
20,743 
140,924 
170,431 
153,357 
420,840 
6,780 
47.839 
1IM.61S 
84,270 
291,250 
8,022 
72,581 
24 
203,861 
8.272 
25.926 
10K,008 
2,105 

2,382,714 






80262 




France 




31,555 
49,665 




Other Europe ." 






British North America 




117,553 
131,839 

72,238 
458,738 
13,819 
24,181 




Mexico 






Central American States and British Honduras 






Cuba 












Santo Domingo 










214,247 
19,570 










Brazil 




1,279.578 








50,100 
74,941 




Other South America 










1,484 








175,769 

5,487 




British India and East Indies 










21,084 
79,197 




Africa 






Other countries 




2,983 




Total carriages, cars, etc 




3,349,675 





EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 21 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Casings for sausages 




$1,280,514 




$1,581,891 


Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, and Medicines Acids 




108,326 
29,205 
818,271 
619,114 
1,021,019 




117,752 

30,188 
575,183 
826,713 
1,978,144 
232,095 
4,429,007 
8,189,142 


Ashes, pot and pearl IDS 


650,261 


664,876 


Dyes and dyestuffs 




194,564 


233,236 


Medicines, patent or proprietary 


Roots, herbs, and barks, n.e.s 




244,438 




All other 




3,900580 




Total 




7,400,953 




Clocks and Watches Clocks, and parts of 




919,534 




840,070 
357,329 
1,204,005 






383,279 
1,302,813 




Total 








1,436,870 
2,178,321 
3,615,191 


6,656.590 
5,252,375 
11,908,965 


1.397.204 
2,374,988 
3,772,192 


5,918.229 
5,180,398 
11,098.627 


Bituminous, tons 


Total coal tons 




61,895 
32.645 
20,236 
22,168 
2,805,299 
166,769 
7,083 
331,902 
15,301 
3,773 
109,292 
7.460 
25,833 
12,193 
1,587 
1,755 
5,615,191 


170,425 
102,016 
64,570 
84,066 
9,338,4(8 
673,315 
30,382 
915.800 
41,762 
13,693 
300,066 
31,557 
77,547 
41,471 
10,546 
13,282 
11,908,965 


4,275 
434 
6 
7,752 
3,018,074 
126,673 
6,250 
415,300 
30.262 
4,337 
113,479 
12.419 
23,659 
6,628 
2,869 
785 
a772,192 


16,144 
1,750 
60 
61,225 
8,895,623 
425,252 
22,342 
1,091.812 
77,182 
14,822 
299.570 
78,895 
65,984 
33,154 
12,048 
2,758 
11,088,627 








British North America tons 




Central American States and British Honduras.. . .tons 


Puerto Rico tons 




Other West Indies and Bermuda tons 


Brazil tons 


Colombia tons 






Other countries tons 


Total coal tons 


Coke tons 






98,509 


346,858 
104,317 


Coffee and cocoa, ground or prepared, and chocolate 




137,777 


Copper, and Manufactures of Ore Exported to United 


22,464 
1,016 
23,480 


2,321,981 
113,785 
2,435,716 


10,169 
112 
10,281 


1,091,302 
13,213 
1,104.515 




Total tons 


Ingots, bars, and old Exported to United Kingdom. .Ibs. 


74,011,789 
24,998,854 
28,642,776 
60,095,840 
484,744 
177,819 
24,612 
11,208 
195,047,642 


7,221,779 
2.501,245 
2,89(1,710 
6,557,204 
43.089 
18,289 
2,753 
1,301 
19,242,370 


47,671,818 
16,567,873 
27,379,168 
56,328,297 
292,916 
177, 446 
1,721 
26,800 
148,410,039 


4,321,253 
1,604,390 
2,628,532 
5,320,912 
25,432 
17,723 
183 
3,036 
13,921,460 


France Ibs. 


Other Europe Ibs. 


British North America Ibs. 


Mexico Ibs . 


West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 




Total Ibs . 






454,770 




547,243 
14,468,703 


Total, not including ore 




19,697,140 




Cotton and Manufactures of Unmanufactured Ex- 
ported to United Kingdom Ibs 


1485451425 
454,694.392 
4(16,42688? 
882,648,128 
32,542,448 
17,582,418 
130,145 
4,801,595 
4,896 
2683282325 


117,573.470 

34,075,710 
23,976,506 
30,272.947 
2,606,978 
1,891,836 
11,097 
360,492 
247 
210,869,289 


1776890909 
752,315,486 
395,349,541 
00921,741 
52.767,285 
37,976.422 
140.714 
11,004,869 
6,134 
3517433109 


104,101,246 

43,078,399 
21.iCW.213 
29,200,745 
3,414,150 
2,352.299 
9,526 

soo.ias 
349 
204,900,990 






Other Europe Ibs . 


British North America Ibs. 








Total Ibs . 


Manufactures of Cloths, colored yds. 


61,538,458 
124,349,278 
185.887.736 


3.854,935 
7,639,851 

11,494.786 


58.407,743 
125,790318 
184,258.061 


3,444,539 
7,034,678 
10,479,217 


Total yds. 


Exported to United Kingdom yds. 


9,159,026 
1,731,347 
133,315 
025.960 
16,161,021 
4.552.868 
8,007,473 
661,257 
266,433 
5,171,125 


712,578 
128,524 
7,499 
57,760 
987,837 
309.091 
431,052 
57,422 
12,532 
289.135 


10,050,427 
2,091.911 
31,292 
487,247 
6,437.270 
0,437,606 
13.009,433 
235,824 
207,511 
1,439,434 


659,444 
127,537 
1,897 
44,340 
387,160 
389,544 
6(8,333 
24,394 
10.540 
78,793 






Other Europe yds . 
British North America y ds . 


Mexico yds. 


Central American Sta'tes and British Honduras yds. 
Cuba yds. 


Puerto Rico yds. 


Santo Domingo yds. 



22 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Other West Indies and Bermuda . yds 


12,935,016 
3,975,813 
19,387.655 
2.937,783 
20,107,864 
51,739,766 
583,237 
5.881.292 
7.550.491 
4.527,679 
9,831,315 
85.887,736 


$886,837 
317,883 
1,435,546 
160,351 
1,227,787 
2,846,220 
50,584 
330,077 
436.870 
271,690 
537.511 
11,494,786 


13,727,749 
2,332,871 
22,533.321 
5,522;203 
24,434,946 
34,672,249 
607,574 
5.738,928 
13,335.769 
8.315.2-->0 
12,000,250 
184,258.061 


$836,451 
188,247 
1,594,726 
298,333 
1,394,518 
1.703.023 
59.C84 
2P2.278 
702,179 
444.572 
583,819 

10,479,217 


Argentine Republic yds 








China yds 




British India and East Indies yds 








Total cloths yds. 


Other Manufactures of Wearing apparel 




476 617 




618,730 
2,791,863 
13.789.810 






2369 483 




Total 




14,340.886 




Exported to United Kingdom 




361867 




259.2SO 
230.514 
10.774 
48,230 
1,719.871 
151,699 
172,416 
43.047 
4,734 
6,661 
73,758 
18,209 
107,792 
83.953 
58.035 
12,681 
89.087 
1>38 
22S.S50 
15,440 
23,734 

3.310.593 


Germany 




164,835 








9849 




Other Europe 




97 175 




British North America 


< 


1,275,623 




Mexico - 




151,575 
71,424 
62,761 




Central American States and British Honduras 
Cuba 










8755 








11.355 








62,287 
32,461 










Brazil 




103,143 
40,052 














48,261 
8,001 




China . .. 










71,485 
957 














236,9% 








10,40.' 








16,836 




Total other manufactures of 




2,846,100 




Earthen, Stone, and China Ware Earthen and stone ware 




113,080 
14,357 

127,437 




118,205 
22,816 
141.021 






Total 






Eggs doz 


163,061 
542.718 


27,49" 
5,038,445 


150,992 
638,586 


25.312 
5.741.262 


Fertilizers tons 


Fish Fresh, other than salmon Ibs 


1,115,742 

14,733,648 
5,118,025 
1,479,407 


48,820 

704.652 
123.882 
50,96f> 
43,082 
149,316 
1,036,215 
58,659 
143,402 


1,353,490 

11.280.937 
4,340,111 
1,197.067 
2.726 
25,688 
24,672,923 


67,272 

514,370 
97.719 
61.082 
35.725 
108.178 
2,266.727 
83.789 
141.311 
634.573 
279,043 


Dried, smoked, or cured Codfish, including haddock 


Herring Ibs. 


Other Ibs. 


Pickled Mackerel brls 
Other brls 


3,224 
33,309 
10,727,010 


Salmon Canned Ibs 




Canned fish, other than salmon and shellfish 






Shellfish Oysters 




688.653 




Other 




249,721 




All other fish , 




204.8S 




Total 




3.492.201 




4,294,789 


Flax, Hemp and Jute, and other Vegetable Fiber, Mami 
factures of Bags 




423,832 




286,386 
409,781 
748.526 
277,86 
1,722,559 


Cordage IDS 


6,225,663 


448,187 
672,957 


6,585,328 


Twine 


All other 




167,766 




Total 




1,712,744 






2,846.645 
78,580 


168,054 
242,617 
660,723 
211.215 


7,085.94t, 
818,711 


461,214 
1,954,318 
871.465 
47.420 
1.522,100 : 
115,274 
4.971.791 




Fruits, Preserved Canned 


Other 






All other green, ripe, or d ried fruits 




1 016 397 




Nuts 




125,233 




Total 




2.424.23J 




Exported to United Kingdom 
Germany 




771,02C 
138,739 




2.907,953 
291.645 
72,683 
322.727 
756.637 
64,4(8 






40864 




Other Europe 




105.75? 

NiV> 




British North America 






Mexico 




57,1ft 





EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 23 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's . 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Central American States and British Honduras 
Cuba 




$37,313 
106,975 




$53,995 
70,111 
2,712 
2,889 
71,227 
2,722 
18,299 
6,507 
37,306 
13,946 
150,815 
13.720 
100,241 
16,921 
4,267 
4,971,791 


Puerto Rico 




3,759 








72,690 








679 
18,112 




Brazil 






Colombia 
Other South America 
China 




34,215 
12,313 
100,269 
11,466 
79,846 
9,296 
2,304 
2,424,239 




British Australasia 












Total fruits and nuts 


Furs and Fur Skins Exported to United Kingdom 




3,425,474 
500,913 
6.11T 
18,767 
225,079 
2,340 
4,238,690 




3,025,541 
580,401 
7,690 
7.395 
282.925 
17,553 
3,921,505 


Germany 


Other Europe 






British North America 




Total 


Glass and Glassware Window glass 
All other 




19,311 
902,761 
922,072 




11,140 
935,241 
946,381 


Total . . 




124,796,288 
999,052 


2,328,707 
101,372 
1,380,2911 


133,808,414 
1,178,223 


2,507. TH9 
114,478 
904,081 


Glue Ibs. 


Grease, grease scraps, and all soap stock 


Gunpowder and Other Explosives Gunpowder Ibs. 


495,566 


66,839 
935,287 
1,002.126 


972,271 


102,885 
1,174,396 
1,277,281 




Total 




"'54,446 


353,729 

890.054 
3,97^',4'.t4 
127,282 


"'57,08i 
36,002,799 


505,( 
6D9.029 
2,310,323 
118,873 


Hay tons 


Hides and skins, other than furs Ibs. 
Honey 




Hops Exported to United Kingdom Ibs 


10,602,918 
6T.MOS 
158,093 
331,500 
14,942 
18,513 
3.927 
2,167 
1,298 
10,790 
14,119 
158.796 
69,537 
18,187 
280 
17,472,975 


3,662,493 
18,129 
36,885 
65,295 
2,907 
3,904 
85!> 
434 
248 
2,047 
3,285 
30,806 
13,200 
3,691 

5i 

3.844.232 


16,693.742 
1,115 
26,895 
324,689 
21,759 
50,819 
6,219 
2,488 


1,782,879 
111 
2,459 
32,110 
3,464 
5,760 
920 
294 
15 
1,343 
1,901 
30,399 
8.009 
2,917 
16 
1,872.597 






British North America Ibs 




Central American States and British Honduras Ibs 


Cuba Ibs 


Puerto Rico Ibs 




53 
10,579 
14,704 


Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 




274,663 
72.200 
23.318 
145 
17,523.388 




Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs . 


Other countries Ibs 


Total Ibs 


Ice tons 


19.686 


37.09; 


17,295 


41,915 


India Rubber and Gutta Percha, manufactures of Boots 


261,657 


155.011 
1,306,831 
1.461.842 


383,793 


225,986 
1,279,156 
1,505,142 


Allother 


Total 


Ink, printers' and other 




154,691 




154,152 


Instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes, includ- 
ing telegraph, telephone, and other electric 




1,534,27- 




1,912,771 








1,411 
22,51t 
333.288 
7,801,48 

i7,ns 


6,000 
277,066 
6,411 
143.221 
140.010 
582.988 
154.410 
786.903 
95,471 




.26,52!) 
350.99" 
6,681,653 
11,639 


370.243 
7,30. 
133.783 
94,954 
491,928 


Bund, hoop, and scroll iron Ibs 


Bar Iron Ibs 


Car wheels.. No 




Cutlery 




167,732 








623.624 
29,28 




Ingots, bars, and rods of steel Ibs 


1,145.090 


6,975,744 


Builders' hardware and saws and tools Locks, hinges 




2,505.310 




2,483.666 
1,984,612 
4,468.278 






1,918,96* 




Total 




4,424,278 













24 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's.. 


Values. 


Exported to United Kingdom 




$714 154 




$802.494 
413,958 


Germany 




293,032 




Other Europe 




75,821 
167,290 

642885 




74,318 
199,149 
503,872 
344,704 
106.427 
257,992 
15,372 
19,054 
85,937 
141,354 
293,886 
62,939 
241,977 
11,346 
635,494 
11,976 
60,727 
183.284 
2,018 
4,468,278 


British N orth America 








300 02H 




Central American States and British Honduras 




79,664 
438,720 
30093 




Cuba 












Santo Domi ngo 




27609 




Other West Indies and Bermuda 




83,741 
127220 




Argentine Republic 






Brazil 




270,714 




Colombia 




78,167 








262,409 








8,018 




British Australasia 




617,743 




British India and East Indies 




5,543 








53,128 








145,259 








3,01:i 




Total builders' hardware, etc 




4,424,278 




Machinery, including Steam Engines and parts of, n.e.s. 
Machinery, n. e. s 




10,438,069 




11,493,093 
9,010 
2,379,519 
220.375 
376,325 
14,478,322 




8 

142 

365 


14,828 
l,028,38fi 
313,346 
710,219 


5 
252 

273 






Boilers and parts of engines 


Total 




12,504,798 








2004 126 




2,273,289 
488,991 
359,769 
8?S,973 
l,5'iJ,821 
1,836,397 
421,500 
1,645,041 
73.757 
242,572 
182,002 
161,479 
2,046,065 
100,194 
478,072 
61,945 
322,026 
43,351 
, r )lS.'.tT8 
822,937 
2,163 
14,478,322 






584,545 
335,188 










Other Europe 




701,715 




British North America 




1 485403 




Mexico 




1.596.559 




Central American States and Bri tish Honduras, 




294939 




Cuba 




2.0114. ;V >s 
41,924 




Puerto Rico 






Santo Domingo 




291,182 




Other West Indies and Bermuda 




.228,666 




Argentine Republic 




229,771 




Brazil 




680,849 








120,295 




Other South America 




773,832 
26,352 




China 






British Australasia 




265322 




British India and East Indies 




27,574 




Other Asia and Oceanica 




403,093 




Africa 




316,934 








1,961 




Total machinery, including steam engines, etc 
Nails and Spikes Cut Ibs 




12,504,798 




16,736,643 

3,233,776 
6,061,83] 

l,305,72fi 


330,llfc 

180,607 
112,115 
39,597 
272,514 


16,895,428 

4,367,267 
2.122,000 
2,090,853 


283,646 

210,192 
52,936 
65.600 
159,<>27 
43,096 
267,409 
292,918 


Wire, wrought, horseshoe, and all other, including 




gteel Ibs 


Printing presses and parts of 


"Railroad Bars or Rails Iron tons. 


1,084 
15,561 


26,987 
447,925 
315,290 


2,101 
10,101 




Scales and balances 


Sewing Machines and Parts of To United Kingdom 




712.411 
255,507 




645,847 
472,203 
98,566 
92.260 
111,388 
132,841 
64,976 
16,114 
2,230 
1,817 
22,661 
53,504 
140,054 
39,924 
107,217 
2,414 
224.S75 
1,162 






91,24fi 








73442 








114299 




Mexico 




151,239 








32,066 




Cuba 




212,696 




Puerto Rico 




1,9(3 








28,757 








71,51? 








101,71'. 








49.674 








102.22C 








2.17V 








310,!)tf 




British India and East Indies 




3,626 





EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 25 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Other Asia and Oceanica 




$18901 




$H).7(>7 
10,244 
75 
2,260.139 


Africa 




8,591 
824 
2.347,354 










Total 






Stoves and ranges, and parts of 




23643? 




248,199 
1,277,479 
5,706,668 
32,000.989 


\Vire Ibs 


44,778,268 


1,074,915 
4 988483 


61,093,717 


All other manufactures of iron and steel 


Total, not including ore 




29,220.264 




Jewelry and manufactures of gold and silver. 




851,084 
650.418 




716,844 
669,777 


Lamps, chandeliers, and all devices and appliances for 
illuminating purposes 






Lead and Manufactures of Pigs, bars, and old Ibs. 




638,636 
638.63C 


S 1,885,198 


60,514 
155,573 
216,087 


Total 






Leather, and Manufactures of Leather, sole Exported 
to United Kingdom Ibs. 


34,574,232 
542,292 
5,991,330 
667,12] 
89,230 
27,126 
196,879 
685,696 
93,965 
9,626 
42.877,497 


5,038,56f 
88,429 
1,003,275 
119,371 
16,561 
4,698 
45,093 
148,774 


36,764,480 
733.475 
4,924,218 
503,228 
96,412 
10,528 
253,934 


5,411,381 
112,142 
806,739 
81,196 
17,522 
1,790 
55,113 
407,896 
16,f>50 
8,943 
6,919,372 




Other Europe Ibs. 


British North America Ibs. 


West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 


South America Ibs. 




Other Asia and Oceanica ...Ibs. 


1,926.437 
106,151 
45,486 
45.364,349 




14,597 
1 891 




Total Ibs 


6,481,25" 


Leather, other Buff, grain, splits, and all finished upper 




5221.205 




5,753,278 
285,602 
682,241 
6,721.181 


Patent or enameled 




249,12" 




All other 




827 356 




Total 




6,297,688 




Exported to United Kingdom. 




5,302 (fit 
147,555 
75,561 
327,196 




5,710,329 
105,<i04 
73.144 
411.461 
228.60C. 
16,260 
11,374 
6,300 
1,050 
783 
10.406 














Other Europe 






British North America 




221,10o 
12,476 




Mexico 






Central American States and British Honduras 




4,399 
7,752 




Cuba 










2,172 

76( 
10,425 




Santo Domingo 






Other West I ndies and Bermuda 






Brazil 




3,174 
9714 




8,638 
838 
9,617 
92,278 
15,097 
16,531 
156 
6,721,181 


Colombia '... 




l,faV 




Other South America 




11,591 








122,55; 








19,87( 
17,570 




Africa . 










105 
6,297,688 




Total leather, other 






Manufactures of Boots and shoes ., pairs 


617,318 


777,354 
198,04" 


822,412 


1.010,228 
'196,018 
707,608 
15,614,407 


Harness and saddles 


All other 




529,08; 




Total leather and manufactures of 
Lime and cement brls 




14,283,42S 




102,760 


162,091 


86,435 


127.25C 


Malt Liquors In bottles doz 


351,62u 
307,077 


471.58S 
77,390 
548.97S 


427,51" 
255,110 


492,748 
66,022 
558,770 


Not in bottles gals 


Total 


Marble and Stone, and manufactures of Unmanuf acturct 
Manufactures of Hooting slate 




142.691 
37,195 




3359 






88,806 
846,373 
968,538 


All other 




874,928 




Total 




1,054,814 




Matches 




66,61' 




9t,79E 


M usical Instruments Organs No 


8,672 
618 


539.27S 
178,822 
254,49C 
9r2,59C 


10,635 
874 


040,718 
233.043 
241,966 
1,115,727 


Pianofortes No 


All other, and parts of 


Total 








Naval Stores Resin . brls 


1,987,15ft 
17,38 

13,62 
2.018,04 


3,285,8'K 
37,73( 
30,07 
3,353.70,' 


1,8(8,394 
22,77, 
12,30. 
1,897,535 


3,351.250 
41,r,73 
28,57:1 
! 3.421,49!; 




Turpentine and pitch brls 


Total brls 



26 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOH 1896. 1 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Exported to United Kingdom brls. 


704,660 
422,351 
574,836 
43,007 
5,906 
6,748 
11,301 
1,512 
2,008 
6,236 
32,574 
78,804 
4.395 
44.760 
2,022 
32,293 
43,858 
677 
95 
2,018,043 


$1,277,797 
571,514 
817,597 
102,370 
17,325 
18,543 
23,920 
3,128 
4.243 
15,030 
83.071 
155,029 
8,952 
104,239 
4,412 
81.272 
63,486 
1,565 
210 
3,353,703 


579,302 
432.334 
553,007 
43,407 
MOB 
5,899 
8,271 
(>31 
2,257 
7,223 
48,762 
107,456 
6,072 
43,210 
2,27V 
23,790 
28,468 
988 
72 
1,897,532 


$1,153,154 
697,724 
857,108 
96,014 
12,753 
18,302 
17,351 
1,316 
5,508 
17,442 
112,994 
20ti.065 
12.691 
96,649 
4,541 
61,709 
47,833 
2,157 
185 
3,421,496 






British North America brls. 




Central American States and British Honduras.. ..brls. 
Cuba brls. 


Puerto Rico brls. 




Other West Indies and Bermuda brls. 


Argentine Republic brls. 




Colombia brls. 


Other South America brls 


China brls 


British Australasia brls. 


Other Asia and Oceanica brls 


Africa brls 


Other countries brls 


Total resin, tar, etc brls. 


Turpentine, Spirits of Exported to Unt'd Kingdom..gals. 
Germany gals 


6,453,331 
1,593,292 
3,411,500 
350,244 
9,058 
8,982 
108,682 
7,933 
4,913 
27.579 
95,650 
125,753 
8,017 
126,560 
7,200 
230,264 
18,950 
30,308 
101 
12,618,407 


1,701,706 
427,416 
912,443 
106,647 
3,458 
3,419 
36,125 
2,737 
1,589 
9,893 
33,922 
43,308 
3,118 
46,192 
2,527 
83,339 
6,586 
13,784 
36 
3.437,245 


8,103,283 
1,731,818 
3,327,326 
409,098 
9,563 
12,654 
68319 
9,104 
1,888 
24,412 
221,270 
163,313 
14,264 
145,878 
13,000 
326,351 
29,tiOO 
41,545 
52 
14,652,738 


2,138,641 
463.263 
888.150 
128,900 
3,613 
4,641 
22,332 
3,107 
719 
8,403 
75,958 
56.328 
5,341 
51,536 
4,382 
116,235 
10,808 
17,398 
22 
3.998,277 




British North America gals 


Mexico gals 


Central American States and British Honduras gals. 
Cuba gals 


Puerto Rico .. gals 


Santo Domingo gals. 


Other West Indies and Bermuda.. .. gals 


Argentine Republic gals 


Brazil '..... gals 


Colombia gals 


Other Sonth America gals, 


China gals. 


British Australasia gals 


Other Asia and Oceanica gals 


Afriea . gals 


Other countries gals 


Total gals. 
Total naval stores 




6.790,948 




7,419,773 


Nickel, nickel oxide and matte Ibs. 






1,535,906 


316,638 


Oil Cake and Oil-Cake Meal Cottonseed Ibs. 


617,104,402 
127,498,827 
743,603.229 


7.108,165 
1,699.091 

8,807,256 


489,686,053 
243.936,442 
733,822,495 


4,310,1'.!8 
2,855,459 
7,165.587 


Flazseed or linseed Ibs 


Total Ibs. 


Exported to United Kingdom Ibs. 


3JW.859.244 
249,144.048 
26,171,735 
123,122.404 
951,879 
13,975.678 
286,941 
91,300 
744,603,229 


4,151,748 
2,713,908 
288,312 
1,432.169 
10.361 
205,288 
4,094 
1,340 
8.807,256 


324,766.185 
259.053,008 
7,797,491 

I24.as2.2t'.; 

4,203.041 
12.544.931 
288,33* 
87,234 

733,622,495 


3,216.971 
2,339,885 
70.977 
1,327,696 
45,386 
159,765 
3.825 
1,082 
7,166,687 


Germany Ibs . 


Other Europe Ibs 


British North America Ibs. 


West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 


South America Ibs 


Other countries Ibs 


Total oil cake and oil-cake meal Ibs. 


Oils Animal Lard gals 


681,081 
188,852 
105,519 
270,835 
1,246,287 


449,571 
107,077 
33,774 
149,801 
740,223 


553,421 
122,626 
646,553 
144,446 
1.467,046 


301.093 
56.214 
142,553 
75,581 
578.441 


Whale gals 


Fish gals 


Other gals 


Total animal gals. 


Mineral, Crude, Including All Natural Oils, Without 
Regard to Gravity Exported to Germany gals. 


4,877,593 
84 434 953 


134,639 
2,958,174 
533.403 
1.192 
337,902 
413,140 
37,325 
140 
4,415,915 


3.966,870 
72.802.459 
21,776.001 
5,427 
5,229,98! 
6,980,372 
518.100 
6,052 
111,285,264 


119.869 
3,308,095 
954,470 
563 
283.233 
451,443 
43,546 
491 
5,161,710 




Other Europe gals 


17,185,761 
19,399 
8,026,189 
6,865,549 
514,905 
2,000 
121,926,349 


British North America . . gals. 


Mexico gals 




Puerto Rico gals 


Other countries gals 


Total gals . 


Mineral, Refined or Manufactured Naphthas, including 
all lighter products of distillation gals. 


15,555,754 


943,970 


14,801,224 


910,988 
34,706,844 
5,867.477 
41,485,309 


Illuminating gals. 


7HO.3ti8.IBB 
40,190,577 
786,114,957 


30,676,217 
5,449,000 
37,069,187 


714.859,144 
4.3,418,942 
773,079,310 


Lubricating and heavy paraffin gals. 


Total gals 





EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 27 


E XPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


want's. 


Values . 


want's. 


Values. 




01,058.637 
J6.305.013 
8,6-27,117 
24,910,609 
9,292,704 
710,263 
1,218,663 
511,771 
192,480 
458,760 
3,652,052 

8.708.409 

12,620,610 
770,426 
7.830,786 
40,387,089 
12,651.599 


10,964,383 
3,372,913 
1,272,254 
4,'.KxS,;.'n 
690,839 
146,613 
133,536 
111,877 
21,134 
37,856 
315,189 
348,405 
944,427 
70,783 
672,797 
2,438,636 
1,102,306 
3,565,041 
5,308.702 
562.864 
25,361 
37,069,187 


i07,617.276 
11,107,839 
11,040,827 
62,940,515 
8.480,785 
723,026 
1,112,242 
202,492 
335,380 
360,327 
4,7(52,360 
T.OS'WI 
15,829,754 
860,364 
10,851,069 
18,043,475 
15,771,906 
-50,040,812 


13.667,518 
4,712,190 
1,027,113 
7,754,208 
585,505 
181,006 
137,238 
44,831 
36,550 
37,292 
424,380 
821.240 
1,206,042 
82.069 
1,038,890 
1,181.210 
1,541.078 
2,145,650 
3,908.504 
864,661 
33,067 
41,485.309 




France gals. 






Mexico gals. 


Central American States and British Honduras... .gals. 
Cuba gals. 


Puerto Rico gals. 






Brazil. gals. 


Colombia . gals. 




China gals . 






r >7,049,540 

86,614,882 
7.167,864 




54,954,515 
9,854,352 
500,010 
773,079,310 


Africa gals. 




379,663 
86,114,957 


Total mineral refined (not including residuum).gals. 
Residuum, including tar, and all other, from which the 
light bodies have been distilled brls. 


5,029 


14,704 

37,083,891 


3,274 


13,063 
41.498,372 




Vegetable Cottonseed Oil Exported to United King 
dom gals 


1,268,793 
2,199,434 
1,275.132 
7,441,034 
488,178 
890,202 
6,497 
51,929 
450 
24,036 
351,635| 
5J 
593,804 
241,800 
40,772 


492,899 


3,463,412 
2,074,263 
2,463,994 
8,922,716 
423,067 
1,720,859 
10,252 
13,308 
1,060 
38,816 
349,568 
37,315 
593,295 
190,773 
34,083 
158 
224,789 
21,161,728 


919,585 
931,560 
776,317 
3,107.053 
128,685 
408,617 
3,841 
4,400 
308 
16,622 
112,851 
13,180 
223,115 
73,874 
13,893 
56 
72,356 
6,806,313 


Germany gals 


5271035 
2,979,422 
207,955 
284.982 
2.947 
18,832 
225 
11,807 
136,234 
2,600 
221,807 
107,765 
18,172 


Other Europe gals 




Mexico gals 


Central American States and British Honduras. . .gals 
Cuba ... gals 


Puerto Rico gals 


Santo Domingo gals 






Brazil gals 


Other South America gals 


British Australasia gals 


Africa gals 


78,860 
14,958,309 


27,799 
6,008,405 


Total gals 




92,86 
80,225 


48.550 
209,722 
64,907 


62,728 
87,633 


37,367 
194.616 
190,798 
106,022 
7,335,116 


Volatile or Essential Peppermint Ibs 
Other 


Allother 
Total vegetable 




6,468,62o 




Paints and painters' colors 




825.98" 




729,706 


Paper, and Manufactures of Paper hangings 




108,400 
84,30, 




109.203 
112,770 
1,903,136 
2,185,109 


Writing paper and envelopes 






Al 1 other 




1,713,92! 




Total 




1.906,634 




Paraffin and Paraffin Wax Exported to United King 


73,818,156 
6.962,21 
625,096 
7,087,33 
172,69 C 
1,384,38C 
257.49C 
43,51 
84,57 
21,5tt 
2,245.29 
1,906.54 
507,15 
95,115,954 


2.847.3W 
292,236 
33,00f 
315,34 
14,186 
88,28, 
15,95, 
4,682 
5,30. 
1,784 
102,62- 
75,71 
24,22 
3.820,65! 


70,396.283 
7,074,97 
528,354 
8,127,01 

w,m 

2,125,25f 
367,87 
29,74U 
224.22? 
2.70C 
3.524,92 C 
1,033,64 
990,201 
95,070,m 


2568201 




254061 




21 083 


Other Europe Ibs 


302,422 
2,434 
117,141 
22,233 
1,308 
13,677 
163 
154,068 
64,574 
47,649 
3,569,614 


British North America Ibs 


Mexico Ibs 


Central American States and British Honduras Ibs 


Brazil Ibs 


Other South America Ibs 






Africa Ibs 


Total Ibs 




327,83. 




338,495 
336,018 


Plated ware 




281.39 




Provisions, comprising Meat and Dairy Products Mea 
products Beef products Canned Exported t 
United Kingdom Ibs 


42,544,532 3,958,99. 
4,518,923 376.91 
1,304,3061 107,31 


40,310,19 

5,978,434 
6,761,63 


3,502,993 
518,260 
558,165 


France Ibs 



28 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant'*. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Other Europe Ibs 


2,934,716 
1,331,920 
65,952 
117,573 
119,054 
6,166 
8,620 
618,167 
9,950 
481,914 
57,548 
241,160 
33,790 
223,377 
3,904 
475,445 
870,653 
7,240 
55,974,910 


$262,659 
102,493 
6,879 
10,678 
10,139 
509 
675 
51,792 
7&5 
38,618 
4,939 
19,814 
4,902 
18.608 
502 
70,321 
72,302 
1,012 
5,120,851 


3,672,960 
1,216,371 
76.429 
168,703 
20,486 
1,584 


324,087 
104,260 
8,168 
16,148 
1,624 
123 


British North America Ibs 




Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Cuba Ibs 


Puerto Rico Ibs 




Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs 


625,549 
3,200 
648,050 
64,478 
222,023 
92,400 
265.070 
6.080 
2,572,311 
1,373,700 
22,600 
64,102,263 


51,208 
250 
51,350 
5,742 
17,986 
12,025 
19,069 
872 
355.042 
109,792 ! 
3.169J 
5,720,933 




Brazil Ibs . 


Colombia Ibs. 


Other South America Ibs. 


China ... . Ibs. 


British Australasia . Ibs. 


British India and Kast Indies Ibs. 




Africa Ibs 


Other countries Ibs. 


Total , Ibs. 


Fresh Exported to United Kingdom Ibs. 


193,331,292 
1,066 
346,483 
212,516 
467 
193,891.824 


16,659,814 
80 
21,505 
18,721 
43 
16,700,163 


190,73ai86 
411,250 
96,110 
86,086 
8,855 

191,334487 


16,784,936 
32,723 
6,29 
8,312 
590 
16,832,860 










Total Ibs. 


Salted or Pickled, and othercured Salted orplckled.. Ibs. 


02,682,667 
1,218,334 

63,901,001 


3,572,054 
100,631 
3,672,685 


62,471,416 
821,673 
63,293,089 


3,558,108 
73,569 
3,031,737 


Total Ibs. 




27,368,261 
7,514,030 
787,800 
5.838,228 
7,247,545 
12,187 
641,224 
84,938 
79,300 
230,375 
9,419,213 
56,100 
245,906 
3,523,948 
514,570 
280,37 
57,000 
63,901,001 


1,615,284 
441,484 
44,755 
324,968 
338.429 
972 
35,200 
4,948 
4,159 
14,208 
565,783 
3,145 
13,247 
217,a30 
30,580 
15,016 
3,178 
3,672,685 


28,720.804 
9,041,469 
404,400 
5.621,237 
6,120,667 
14,703 
504,741 
21,091 
36,625 
499,890 
7,289,626 
68,700 
187,376 
3,095,365 
1.300,080 
227,315 
74,000 
63.293.089 


1.687.590 
'650,326 
25.131 
317,964 
290.285 
1,165 
26.091 
1,141 
1,781 
27,842 
418,504 
3.739 
9,276 
179,938 
75,780 
11,570 
3,608 
3,631,737 








British North America Ibs. 




Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Cuba Ibs 






Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 


Brazil Ibs 


Colombia Ibs. 






Africa Ibs 




Total beef, salted, etc Ibs. 


Tallow Exported to United Kingdom Ibs. 


11). 170,283 
4,385,603 
7,144.510 
15.780.010 
936.9UO 
1.847.390 
1,985.090 
1,246,688 
3305 
644,934 
1.183.994 
107.105 
7,745 
348,305 
15.042 
14.530 
54,661.524 


949,909 
220,802 
365,7S5 
792,549 
44,074 
99,468 
116,018 
56,700 
171 
35,335 
56,142 
6,481 
493 
20,316 
847 
1,104 
2,766,164 


4,781,782 
2,558,308 
847.759 
9,673.105 
583.917 
1.743,999 
2,297,207 
802,425 
3,990 
669,829 
1,494.203 
39,589 
99,221 
243,276 
16.790 
5.9JO 
25,864,300 


227.908 
121.390 
42,573 
490,756 
29,424 
84.308 
123,593 
35,432 
234 
33,939 
78,957 
2.428 
5,802 i 
15,203 
700 
412 
1,293.059 








British North America Ibs. 
Mexico Ibs . 
Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Cuba 1 bs . 








Brazil Us 


Colombia Ibs 




Asia and Oceanica Ibs. 


Other countries Ibs. 


Total Ibs. 


Hog Products Bacon Exported to Unt'd Kingdom. .Ibs. 


,i34.85,38S 
12,537.849 
663.049 
87,787,096 
10,311 .030 
38.516 
112,642 
6,154,077 
230.976 
126,471 
4.17.974 
12,935,681 
12,970 
233,839 


31.366,843 
1,030.055 
5J.611 
3.169,924 
839,034 
4,621 
10.644 
532,035 
19.038 
11,933 
39.677 
1,220.929 
1.093 
20,819 


k)T,294.27! 
13.160.326 
9.296,98 
44.180.025 
5,380,492 
86,451 
197,412 
5,137,535 
399.222 
112,210 
412,130 
22,504,112 
0,097 
219.4(11 


29.472.582 ' 

9S1.;H 

79L6H 

3.576.210 
435,7(8 
8.369 
16.516 
390.454 
29.001 
8,868 j 
86,287 
1,998,394 
486 
17,531 


France Ibs. 


British North America Ibs. 


Mexico Ibs 


Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Cuba . Ibs. 


Puerto Rico Ibs. 


Santo Domingo ... Ibs. 


Other West Indies and Bermuda ... . Ibs. 


Brazil Ibs. 


Colombia Ibs. 


Other South America Ibs. 



EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 29 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


China Ibs 


14,767 
58,024 
6,000 
623 
416,657,57" 


$2,381 
8,502 
607 
67 
38,338,843 


15,800 
75,698 
5,781 
5,984 
452,549,976 


$2,121 
10,425 
440 
654 
37,776,293 


Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs- 


Africa Ibs 


Other countries Ibs 


Total Ibs. 


Hams Exported to United Kingdom Ibs. 
Germany Ibs. 


73.994 ,24t- 
1.293,735 
129.442 
I,(i05,582 
951,944 
229,734 


8,230,787 
146,354 
14,223 
194.074 


89.800,462 
1,977,212 
545,086 
8.567,781 
2,013,900 
211.148 
213.60C 
3,929,994 
680,411 
63,576 
1,072,685 
18,470 
92,805 
967,500 
46.918 
20,170 
237,825 
20,176 
14,384 
105,494,123 


9,245,618 
216,577 
60.546 
3S5.004 
213.182 
25,385 
24,582 
420,215 
70,967 
8,146 
122,135 
2,253 
9,007 
112,197 
6,244 
2,726 
31,769 
2,379 
1,635 
10,960,567 


France Ibs. 


Other Europe Ibs 


British North America Ibs 


103,807 
30,372 
18,344 
668,959 
98,695 
13,890 
138,329 
2.473 
9,256 
134,592 
6,481 
6,959 
25,916 
1898 
653 
9.845,062 


Mexico Ibs 


Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Cuba Ibs 


151,843 
5.272,640 
799,812 
96,274 


Puerto Rico Ibs 


Santo Domingo Ibs 


Other West Indies and Bermuda . Ibs 


1,036,268 
20,739 
77,521 
1,023,836 
36.850 
47,785 
181,683 
14,975 
5,660 
86,970,571 


Brazil Ibs 


Colombia Ibs 


Other South America Ibs 


China Ibs 




Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs. 


Africa Ibs 


Other countries Ibs 


Total Ibs. 


Pork, fresh and pickled Fresh Ibs 


UB8.647 
63,575.881 
64,744.528 


92.095 
5,067,773 
5,159,868 


818,581 
58,266,893 
59,085,474 


60.660 
4,138,400 
4,199,060 


Pickled Ibs 


Total Ibs. 


Exported to United Kingdom Ibs. 


14,272,957 
2,431.325 
150,250 
1,196,700 
10.521.427 
1,096,60; 
GSfi.UK 
4.4S0.4U 
411,505 
23,520;94< 
109.151 
103,170 
5,477.600 
165,595 
75,484 
106,385 
64.744,528 


1,159,315 
193.011 
11,716 
95.465 
791,806 
85,431 
52,333 
360.684 

njget 

1,872,797 
9.614 
8,620 
458,939 


15.020,502 
2,149,851 

236,600 
927,882 
8.052,652 
967,141 
462.640 
3,285,200 
271,322 
22,283.239 
1,123,292 
83,314 
3,821.900 
148,590 
59,737 
191,553 
59,085,474 


1.0S9.23S 
144,169 
18,329 
63.728 
540,312 
67,733 
32,586 
221,848 
19,685 
1,592,315 
97.559 
5,661 
278,380 
10,485 
4,023 
13,009 
4,199,060 


Germany Ibs. 




Other Europe Ibs 


British North America Ibs 


Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 


Puerto Rico . Ibs 


Santo Domingo Ibs 


Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 


Brazil Ibs . 


Colombia Ibs 






11,991 
6,248 
8,015 
3,159,868 


Africa Ibs. 


Other countries Ibs. 


Total pork, fresh and pickled Ibs. 


Lard Exported to United Kingdom Ibs. 


I49.69"i,95i 

90.010,508 
29,841.320 
85.61 1,855 
2.753,524 
1.414.2SK. 
1.858,315 
42,340.578 
3,979,784 
574.914 
7,193,960 
60.274 
11.880,364 
1,760,795 
11,697,238 
382,379 
478,611 
30,193 
47,500.867 


13,458,563 
8,488.fio3 
2,695,228 
7.757,993 
218,300 
116,198 
161,291 
3,625,545 
343,573 
51,115 
711,037 
6,747 
1,149,285 
161,251 
1,059,874 
36,410 
46,044 
2,702 
40.0S9.SW 


184,251,911 
104.121,187 
84,665.860 
77,630,61( 
2 W 133 


14,301.018 
8.018,516 
2.681.659 
6,015,671 
182,097 
128,779 
179,836 
2.209,007 
243.148 
35,522 
690,995 
1.182 
1,140,128 
142.186 
878,729 
31.S20 
38.159 
3,046 
36,821,508 










1.908.071 
2,202,087 
:tO,672,512 
3,414,798 
459,460 
7,161,407 
12,724 
12,556,491 
1,928,235 
10,070,217 
365,635 
432,663 
42,912 
474,895,274 


Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 


Puerto Rico Ibs 






Argentine Republic Ibs 


Brazil Ibs 


Colombia Ibs 


Other South America Ibs. 


Asia and Oceanica Ibs. 


Africa Ibs 


Other countries Ibs 


Total Ibs. 


M utton. Ibs. 


2,197.900 


174,404 


591,44$ 


47,832 


Oleomargarine Imitation butter . . .Ibs. 


:;.s:>s,'.'.vi 

123,295,895 
27,194,845 


475,003 
11,942,842 
12,417,845 


10,100,S97 
78.098,878 
88,199,775 


992,464 
7,107,018 
8,099,482 


The oil Ibs 


Total Ibs. 


Exported to United Kinjdom Ibs 


9.577,512 
29 217 5 9 7 


973,613 
2.857,406 
134,306 
7,S!7,784 
193,758 
1,948 
1,772 
10.182 


S.(Hr,>.947 

22,766,014 

53,565.583 
724,846 
21,655 
3723 
110,515 


7:>'.l.069 
1,902.673 

4.9GL2M 
61,197 
2,585 
535 
13,540 


Germany Ibs 


France Ibs. 
Other Europe Ibs. 
British North America Ibs 


1. 424.055 
81,564,231 
1,881,992 

14.007 
15,944 
76,534 


Mexico Ibs 


Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Puerto Rico Ibs. 



30 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1896. 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant'*. 


Values . 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Other West Indies and Bermuda lbs - 


2,684,724 
71,815 
507,564 
41,040 
17,900 
127,194.845 


$329,789 
8.573 
60,976 
5,605 
2,133 
12,417.845 


2,494,824 
89,882 
259,310 
85,596 
74,880 
58,19?,775 


1298,081 
9,539 
31.222 
10,307 
9,450 
8,099.482 




Other South America Ibs. 






Total oleomargarine Ibs. 


Poultry and game 




18,6* 




17,898 
1,600,241 


All other meat products 




1,386,089 




Dairy Products Butter Exported to United Kingdom.lbs. 
Germany Ibs. 
Other Europe Ibs 


5,498,704 
725,790 
847,266 
744,621 
115,738 
168.819 
121,179 
139,774 
116,346 
2,166,582 
87,278 
93,793 
809,097 
5,768 
146,333 
7,361 
17,643 
11,812.092 


941,523 
113,042 
134,559 
132,671 
25,308 
37,076 
27,038 
21,456 
21,386 
412,176 
16,134 
20,117 
138,198 
1,312 
30,861 
2,14( 
2.609 
2.077,608 


868,815 
100,482 
333.988 
369,085 
155,382 
188.330 
53,305 
102,914 
84,739 
1,956,140 
354,388 
143,162 
626,035 
5,528 
217,964 
17,456 
21,099 
5.598,812 


134,955 
12,978 
47,558 
62.284 
27,714 
35,386 
11,598 
12,448 
12,747 
321,297 
67,568 
25,339 
95.040 
1,097 
40,612 
3,996 
2,916 
915,533 


British North America Ibs 




Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Cuba Ibs 


Puerto Rico Ibs 


Santo Domingo Ibs 


Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs5 


Brazil Ibs . 


Colombia Ibs 


Other South America Ibs 


China Ibs. 


Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs. 


Africa Ibs 


Other countries Ibs 


Total Ibs. 


Cheese Exported to United Kingdom Ibs. 


61.459,757 


5,913,571 


48,286,660 
5,883 
10,288,239 
112,421 
143,976 
52,680 
25,319 
71,546 
940,356 
1,837 
50.024 
269,230 
28,787 
123,906 
47,557 
60,448,421 


4,362.877 
553 
913,330 
13,958 
17,784 
8,368 
3,038 
8,8ti3 
105.623 
228 
6,050 
33,310 
3,507 
14,535 
5,515 
5,497,539 


Germany Ibs. 


22,998 
10,088,034 
109,876 
130,869 
215,021 
130,545 
89.503 
1.017,671 
11,891 
52,363 
378,438 
29.104 
112,735 
3,339 
73,852,134 


2.269 
963,153 
14,340 
16,893 
30,835 
16,568 
11,903 
133,925 
1,413 
7,045 
49,532 
3,777 
14,736 
371 
7,180,331 


British North America Ibs 


Mexico Ibs 


Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Cuba Ibs 


Puerto Rico Ibs 


Santo Domingo Ibs 


Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 


Brazil Ibs 


Colombia Ibs 


Other South America Ibs 


China Ibs 


Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs. 


Other countries Ibs 


Total Ibs. 


Milk 




322,288 




219,785 
133,634,327 


Total provisions, etc 




145,270,643 




Quicksilver Ibs. 


1,599,013 


618,297 


1,089,603 
1,499,040 


425,724 
11,767 


Rice bran, meal and polish Ibs. 


Seeds Clover Ibs 


45,41S,i3 
5,419,056 
2,047,83H 
10.155,867 


4,540,851 
41,866 
2,426,284 


22.905,672 
11,051,812 
1,324 
4,939,-237 


2,124,997 
86.695 
1,433 
277,160 
358.860 
2,849.145 




Flaxseed or Unseed bu 


Timothy Ibs 


449,207 
484,013 


All other 


Total 




7,942,221 




Exported to United Kingdom 




2,123,680 




l.:ii5,i.>4 
672,905 
39,757 
309,933 
442.803 
16.268 
8,287 
3,921 
125 
171 
3,904 
484 
488 
872 
2,459 
128 
23.949 
7,089 
249 
9 
2,849.145 


Germany 




l,714.9tf 




France 




1.002,754 




Other Europe 




2.451.25! 




British North America 




565,618 
506b 




Mexico 






Central American States and British Honduras 




5,854 




Cuba 




4,19h 




Puerto Rico 




393 
377 
13,964 

11 
1,197 




Santo Domingo 






Other West Indies and Bermuda 






Argentine Republic 






Brazil 






Colombia 






Other South America 




2,884 
338 
41,247 




China 






British Australasia 






Other Asia and Oceanica 




6,187 
954 




Africa 






Other countries 




14 

7,942,221 




Total seeds 






Silk, manufactures of 




283.765 




256,181 


Soap Toilet or fancy 




101,290 




144,656 











EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 31 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Other .- Ibs 


25,028,944 


$1,038,432 
1,139,722 


23,778,398 


$947,470 
1,092,126 


Total 


Spermaceti and spermaceti wax Ibs. 


342,786 


99,467 


231,217 


73,189 


Spirits. Distilled Alcohol, including pure, neutral or 
cologne spirits proof gals 


173,527 
361,653 
977.994 
4,105,639 
256,816 
592,387 
6,468,016 


62,166 
291,022 
1,081,716 
3,720,562 
266,293 
255,177 
5,676,936 


676,832 
100,719 
879,153 
1,442,685 
17,672 
154,703 
3,271,764 


181,393 
94,924 
1,134,965 
1,485,525 
34,755 
60,124 
2,991,686 






Whisky Bourbon proof gals 




All other proof gals 


Total proof gals. 


Starch Ibs. 


22,888,016 


727,011 
683,278 
58,124 


11,788,995 


366,800 
681.639 
44,839 
177,1)46 


Stationery, except of paper . . . 


Stereotype and electrotype plates .... 






Straw and palm leaf, manufactures of 




186,427 




Sugar and Molasses Molasses and sirup gals 


9,385,359 
690.080 


1,038,680 
25,931 


9.148,711 

695.486 


850,400 
22,052 


Sugar, brown Ibs. 


Sugar, Refined Exported to United Kingdom Ibs. 


17,519 
36,273 
267,282 
196,263 
888,204 
696,273 
190,746 
4,808,464 
19,210 
1,380 
2,119,966, 
413,311 
14,869 
5,165,709 
431,733 
11.214 
14,778,416 


863 
1,619 
13,232 
10,792 
47,094 
34,635 
9,925 
215,533 
990 
65 
108,194 
20,435 
805 
165,850 
22,417 
603 
653,052 


36,567 
3,459 
100,228 
129,314 
625,719 
947,246 
107,941 
3,960,475 


1,791 
152 
4,764 
6,750 
31,422 
39,908 
5,050 
183,517 


Other Europe Ibs. 


British North America Ibs. 




Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
Santo Domingo Ibs. 


Other West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 




Brazil ... Ibs 






Colombia . Ibs 


1,243,588 
58,045 


60,730 

2,838 


Other South America Ibs. 




Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs 


1.201,091 
394,782 
24,531 
8,832,986 


49,246 
19,571 
1,155 
406,894 


Africa . Ibs 


Other countries Ibs 


Total Ibs . 


Candy and confectionery 




491,748 
2,209,411 




712,552 
1,991,898 


Total 






Tin, manufactures of 




290,494 




277,796 


Tobacco, and Manufactures of Unm'n'fact'red Leaf.. Ibs. 
Stems and trimmings Ibs 


268,791,312 
21,893,680 
290,684,992 


22,939,366 
1,145,878 
24,085,234 


293,795,855 
7,186.075 
300,981,930 


25,622,776 
176,192 
25,798,968 


Total unmanufactured Ibs. 


Exported to United Kingdom Ibs 


83,273,199 
>!,(;: ;:;,s;c 
38.2(,008 
95,(S)3,681 
12.575.420 
1,334,152 
119,137 
2,'J39,549 
95,350 
11,365 
1.041,415 
1,377.876 
72,234 
2,248,019 
2,690 
290.684,992 


8.171,759 
3,923,915 
3,025,654 
6,841,888 
l,ir,4,(:; 
114,225 
13,233 
292,356 
5,363 
1,089 
97,336 
217.818 
6,864 
209,468 
223 
24,085,234 


89,945,465 
54,184.621 
31.943,161 
99.374,686 
11,996,031 
1,970,397 
190.531 
2,854,033! 
21,839 
21,845 
1,394,026 
1,934,713 
91,371 
2,037,307 
22,055 
300,981.930 


9,295,946 
8,910,388 
2,901,098 
7,565,128 
1,097,729 
156,847 
23.490 
274,053 
1,795 
2,525 
117,320 
2(8,0 79 
9,668 
182,130 
2,772 
25,798,968 




France Ibs 


Other Europe Ibs 


British North America Ibs 


Mexico Ibs 


Central American States and British Honduras Ibs. 
West Indies and Bermuda Ibs. 
Argentine Republic Ibs 


Colombia Ibs 


Other South America Ibs 


British Australasia Ibs 


Other Asia and Oceanica Ibs 


Africa Ibs 


Other countries Ibs 


Total unmanufactured Ibs. 


Manufactures of Cigars M . 
Cigarettes M 


2,062 
408,551 


51,26li 
1.094,340 
2 704 393 


1,538 
464,636 


42,200 
1,180,699 
2,730,266 
3,953,165 


Allother 


Total 




3.849,996 




Exported to United Kingdom 




981 591 




1,138,948 
97,860 
18,032 
226,724 
49,094 
10,887 
79,204 
47,996 
204,185 
3,811 
947 
509 
61,899 
104.913 


Germany 




95,013 
18 184 




France 






Other Europe 




323 217 




British North America 




48297 




Mexico 




14'980 




Central American States and British Honduras... . 
Cuba 




121,443 
38233 




Other West Indies and Bermuda . . . 




182,721 




Argentine Republic.... 




9,798 




Brazil 




2 732 




Colombia 




943 
69 159 




Other South America 






China 




118,039 





32 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


British Australasia 




$1,168,163 
143,769 
354972 




81,303,690 
85,501 
293,101 
216,015 
9,789 
3,953,165 


Other Asia and Oceanica 






Africa 




147^525 
11,217 
3,849,996 




Total manufactures of 






Toys 




114,431 
123.968 




133,552 
104,275 
303.959 
429,006 
46,699 
418.221 
441, 383 
208,144 
1,543,453 


Trunks, valises, and traveling bags 






Varnish gals 


226,760 
326,748 
6S,865 
803,111 


282,278 
576,657 
69,823 
651,877 
255,857 
190,248 


256,890 
242,682 
53,333 
572,857 


Vegetables Beans and pease bu 


Onions bu 


Potatoes .bu 


Vegetables, canned 








Total 




1,744,462 




Vessels sold to foreigners Steamers tons 


384 
867 
1,251 


72,792 
26,250 
99,042 


319 
1,420 
1,739 


79.951 
15,000 
94,951 




Total tons 


Vinegar gals 


68,282 
152,709 


9,137 
441,969 


80,234 
259.318 


11,273 
699,495 


Whalebone Ibs. 


Wine In bottles doz 


13,813 
802,192 


63,860 
380,588 
444,448 


13,919 
1,125,297 


56,202 
545,708 
601,910 


Not In bottles gals 


Total 


Wood, and manufactures of Timber and unmanufac- 
tured wood Sawed M feet 


237.830 
4,082,709 


2,411,229 
816,322 
2,643,530 


297,693 
6,039,539 


2,971,785 
1,126,194 
1,808,834 
5,906,813 


Hewn cubic feet 


Logs, and other 


Total 




5,871,061 




Exported to United Kingdom 




2.661,918 




2.714,504 
777,925 
175,387 
720,207 
1,001,545 
78.900 
119,313 
45,983 
38.504 
35.092 
3,794 
12,640 
35,511 
71,664 
28,181 
37,970 
9,693 
5,906,813 


Germany 




882,863 
209,612 




France 






Other Europe 




668,445 




British North America 




1,001,210 




Mexico 




111.603 




Central American States and British Honduras 




60,927 




Cuba 




62.284 




Other West Indies and Bermuda 




35,035 








8,754 




Brazil.. . . . . . . . . .... 








Colombia 




34,424 




Other South America 




11,425 








25,993 








41,046 




Africa 




47,502 








8,040 




Total timber and unmanufactured wood 




5,871,081 




Lumber Boards, deals and planks M feet 


574,920 
12,412 
587,332 


9,355,025 
176,798 
9,531,823 


588.781 
27,454 
616,235 


8,860,285 
300,357 
9,160,592 


Joists and scantling M feet 


Total M feet 


Exported to United Kingdom M feet 


09,957 
17,490 
25,951 
63,318 
25,188 
29,945 
2,625 
65,291 
11,179 
7,318 
56,552 
49,033 
27,168 
2,822 
41,328 
2,651 
19,309 
18.512 
20.182 
1,513 
587,332 


2.226,873 
384,904 
357,700 
916.554 
533,016 
385,001 
35.303 
917,921 
. 172,802 
113,607 
939". 142 
713,308 
425.302 
47,683 
575,355 
23,649 
219.352 
195.983 
332,232 
16,136 
9,531,823 


83,574 
15,852 
18,523 
70.923 
a3,344 
33,441 
4,512 
34,110 
998C 
6'.92C 
54,766 
46,525 
38,663 
4,829 
62.487 
7,641 
41,181 
20.557 
27,273 
1,134 
616,235 


1,972,576 
341,125 

263.387 
1,006.156 
556,356 
354,875 
54,225 
395,524 
143,837 
101,798 
819.323 
665,591 
536,173 
80,662 
742,563 
65.257 
419.581 
208.028 
420.563 
12,992 
9,160,592 








British North America M feet 


Mexico M feet 


Central American States and British Honduras..M feet 


Puerto Rico .M feet 


Santo Domingo M feet 


Other West Indies and Bermuda M feet 


Argentine Republic M feet 


Brazil M feet 


Colombia M feet 


Other South America M feet 


China M f eet 


British Australasia M feet 
Other Asia and Oceanica M f eet 


Africa M feet 


Other countries M feet 


Total boards, deals, joists, etc M feet 


All Other Lumber Shingles M. 


28,277 


80.01* 
275,140 


40,122 


93,046 
358.817 
566,038 




Other No. 


383,706 


620,311 


384,943 





EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE, 33 


EXPORTS, AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH EXPORTED. 


1894. 


1895. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Quant's. 


Values. 


Staves and headings 




$2 891,805 




$3,138,424 
1,642,370 
5,798,695 


All other 




1,668,267 
5,535,541 




Total 






Exported to United Kingdom 




1 599 546 




1,460,413 
443,027 
453,268 
1,705,467 
108.164 
838.r>98 
68,359 
110,011 
131,219 
10.537 
503,813 
100,728 
20,15(5 
17,779 
156,478 
35,602 
37,091 
96,292 
1,693 
5,798,695 






238622 








584,220 
1,346,529 
74269 










British North America 










280253 




Central American States and British Honduras 




57946 








200293 








147,791 








24288 




Other West Indies and Bermuda 




565,477 
61,391 










Brazil. 




23,297 
50.959 














132,755 








40,227 
31,691 














66,239 
9,750 










Total all other lumber 




5,535,541 








203,10- 
163,585 
209,852 




275,876 
167,652 
216,234 
3,047,212 
452,720 
2.090,113 
6,249,807 








Hogsheads and barrels, empty 










3,427,14" 








346,84- 
2,423,18b 




Allother 






Total 




6,773,724 




Exported to United Kingdom 




1,829,811 




1,827,541 
530,687 
180,984 
335,751 
1,1(19,582 
277.373 
193,036 
216,546 
21,684 
24,967 
236,044 
71,997 
111,869 
41,576 
151,710 
21,923 
389,412 
8,975 
150,582 
336,571 
10,997 
6.249,807 






509,159 
234,221 




France 










305,846 
1,510,665 




British North America 










221,97 








149,75* 




Cuba :. 




390,791 




Puerto Rico 




26,633 
32,189 
251,462 
84,685 
















Argentine Republic 










89,35< 




Colombia ., 




53,893 
161,835 




Other South America 






China 




27,052 




British Australasia 




413.635 
12,898 
146,004 




British India and East Indies 






Other Asia and Oceanica 






Africa 




311,95* 




Other countries 




9,905 




Total manufactures of 




6,773,724 




Total wood, and manufactures of 




27,712,169 




27,115,907 


Wool, and Manufactures of Wool, Raw Exported to 


50,874 
1,693 
467,367 
IDS 
204 
520.24- 


8,184 
25 
82,14 

8 
90,67 


97,024 
43,610 

1,78063- 
2,335,961 


12,636 
4,892 
271,328 
192,639 
2,968 
484,463 




British North America Ibs 






21,882 
4,279,10H 


Total wool, raw Ibs 


Manufactures of Carpets yds 


287,188 


250,006 
38,756 
317,296 
168,523 


257,645 


161,006 
49,822 
316,154 
143,244 
670,226 


Flannels and blankets 








All other manufactures of 






Total manufactures 




774.58C 




Zinc, and Manufactures of Ore ton 




1 


14 


415 


Pigs, bars, plates, and sheets '. Ibs 


5,327,61 


253,54; 
203,31 

456.85C 


3,831,08- 


161,678 
76,137 
237,815 


An other manufactures of 


Total, not Including ore 


' 




All other articles 




3,060,67 




2,085,633 
793,397,890 


Total value of exports of domestic merchandise.. . . 




869,204,93 





34 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE, BY COUNTRIES. 

[Fiscal years 1894 and 1895.] 


COUNTRIES. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1894. 


1895. 


1894. 


1895. 


Europe Austria-Hungary 


$6,896,341 
10,234 

8,009,819 


$6,511,876 
25,914 
10,152,581 


$527,509 
294,933 

28,422,989 


$2,125,772 
258,784 
25,356,936 


Azores and Madeira Islands 
Belgium 


Denmark 
France 


194,900 
47.519,974 
<;9,337,iX)5 
11,122 
797,281 
170,215 
18,006,075 
10,1)90,979 
2,030,966 


345,839 
61.660,003 
81,011,443 
7.807 
327,201 
127,329 
20.851,761 

I5.i86.5ii5 

1,689,226 


5,050,837 
55,315,511 
92,357, 163 
508,086 
124,449 


3,475,326 
45,034.781 
92,053,953 
381,875 
239,414 




Gibraltar 


Greece 


Greenland, Iceland, etc 


Italy 


13,916,620 
43,570,312 
5,194,231 
91,198 
6,273,623 
553,852 


16,276,255 
31.011,775 
2,971,301 
23,925 

5,188.a>4 
771,046 


Netherlands 


Portugal 




Russia, Baltic, etc 


1,636,920 
1,214,350 
22,360 

4,255,875 
3,112,066 


1,829,761 
1,745,627 
10,558 
3,566,656 
2,517,773 
15,001,496 
2,097,702 
134.608,539 
14,735,065 
9,776,094 
383,686,842 


Russia, Black 




Spain 


13,122,906 
4,391.046 
17,124 
85,166 
374.915,376 
37,798,122 
18,345,769 
700,870,822 


10.927,069 
4,648,101 
17,578 
41,733 
341.268,620 
27,791,839 
18,110,196 
627,975,133 






11,450,270 
1.657,218 
89,327,477 
11,375.564 
6,669,954 
295,077,865 


Turkey i n Europe 


United Kingdom England 






Total Europe 


North America Bermuda 


444,595 
112,959 


461,707 
181,809 


928,876 
320,923 


821.564 
402,833 


British Honduras 


Dominion of Canada Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, etc.. 


4.474,653 
22,922,030 
3,394,233 
30,790,916 


5,851,156 
26,917,630 
3,765,425 
36,534,211 


4,050,617 
50,761,245 
1,852,232 
56,664,094 


4.041,775 
46,754,527 
2,098,614 

52,894,916 


British Columbia. 


Total Canada 


Newfoundland and Labrador 


535,815 


431,836 


1,649,129 


1,126,999 


Central American States Costa Rica 
Guatemala 


2,287.384 
2,225,586 
765,138 
1,564,472 
2,926,4641 
9,769,049 


3,295,596 
2,699,469 
872,210 
1,538,792 
3,174,677 
11,580,744 


1,002.049 
1,664,584 
558,511 
935,142 
1,071,695 
5,231.981 


984,085 
2,665,408 
645,781 
1,073,467 
1.260,628 
6,629,369 


Honduras 


Nicaragua 


Salvador 


Total Central American States 


Miquelon, Langley, etc 


28,727,006 
117,255 


15,628,746 
185,213 


12,842,149 
156,644 


15,005,903 
170,224 


West Indies British 


13,017,178 
511,970 
62,687 
18,336 
840,046 
3,200.852 
75.678,261 
3,135,634 
96,464,964 


9,777,444 
238,775 
176,408 
27,630 
2,746,539 
1.514,583 
52,305,956 
1,506,512 
68,793,847 


8,512,016 
581,959 
598,267 
1.848,808 
5,743.935 
1,768.602 
20,125,321 
2,720,508 
41,899,416 


7,759,735 
495,216 
619,420 
1,585,355 
5,092.801 
1,852,505 
12,313.704 
1,833,544 
31,552,280 


Danish 


Dutch 


French 


Haiti 


Santo Domingo ... 


Spanish Cuba 


Puerto Rico 


Total West Indies 


South America Argentine Republic 


3,497,030 


7,675,270 


4,862,746 
10.071 
13,866.001 
2,272,530 
2,784,631 
761,178 
2,414,720 
390,857 
105,857 


4,455,600 
10,888 
15,165,01)9 
2,791,099 
2,596.302 
735,341 
1,705,219 
343.509 
90,661 


Bolivia 


Brazil 


79,360,159 
3,536,11)7 
2,234,837 
816,484 
4,223,9rO 
1,078.541 
23,400 
1,001 


78,831,476 
4.465,561 
3,713.682 
821,666 
2,521,704 
855,508 
25,065 
10.274 


Chile 


Colombia 


Ecuador 


Guianas British 
Dutch 


French 


Paraguay 


Uruguay 


491.384 
1,419,573 
3,464,481 
100.147,107 


473,315 
2.699,(i48 
10,073,951 
112.167,120 


591,377 
1,015.171 
4,137,163 
33,212,310 


630,385 
1.262.001 
3,740,464 
33,526,538 


Venezuela 


Total South America 


Bast Indies British 


17,135,028 
14,829,661 
11,278,725 


20,544,792 
21.287.540 
7,727,282 
92 
762,236 
23,682,5.83 
100 
441,0131 


5,862.426 
4,329,103 
1.722,876 
193,049 
4.209,847 
3,986,815 


3.603.365 
2,855,091 
1,154.515 
69.136 

4.172.280 
4,634,655 


Dutch 


French 


Hongkong 


892,511 
19,426,522 


Japan 


Korea 


Russia, Asiatic 


355,476 


163.8551 


202,897 



IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 35 


COUNTRIES. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1894. 


1895. 


1894. 


1895. 




$2,204.973 
63,501 
66,186,397 


$3,047.891 
83,487 
77,577,016 


$107,162 
297,628 
20,872,761 


$130,236 
426,<45 
17,248,920 


All other Asia 


Total Asia 




4.017.025 
367,239 
10.0f>5.317 
7,008,342 
21,457,923 


4,721,044 
209,771 

7.SSS.'.V,1 

4,731,366 
17,551,142 


8,131,939 
880,590 

3.30K.187 
145,466 
11,914,182 


9,014,268 
252.651 
3,720,177 
119,255 
13,106.351 








Total Oceanica 
Africa British Africa 


464,067 
23,123 
99,099 
12,800 
210.721 
4,680 
2.165,485 
42,544 
456,799 
3,479,338 


776,231 
48,394 
282,698 
9,775 
68,675 
6,629 
3,628,4tK 
90,776 
797,554 
5,709,194 


3.983,883 
203,257 
215.947 
32,037 
42,920 
86,250 
181,252 


5,200.275 
232,997 
32S.250 
18,080 
167,920 
109,358 
137,694 






Liberia 


Madagascar 






Tripoli. 


All other Africa 


178,313 
4,923,859 


183,189 
6.377,763 
557,351 
2,905 
84,125 
55,959 
700,340 


Total Africa 


All other countries All other British 


1,660,639 


1,382,674 


595,087 
1,392 
2,312 
54,635 
653,426 




All other Spanish 


180 
22,614 
1,683,433 


386 
85,389 
1,468.449 




Total all other countries 


Grand total 


tYd.994,622 " 


31,957,876 


892.140,572 f 


07.539,133 


RECAPITULATION. 
Europe 


295,077,865^ 
166,962,559 
100,147,107 
66.186,397 
21,457,923 
3.479,338 
1,683,433 


,83,686,842 
33,798,113 
12,167,120 
77.577.0U 
17,551,142 
5,709,194 
1,468,449 


700,870,8221 
119,693,212 
33.212,310 
20.872,761 
11.914,182 
4,923,8:,9 
653,426 


27,975,133 

118,604,088 
33,526,538 
17,248,920 
13,106,351 
6,377,763 
700,340 


North America 


South America 


Asia 


Oceanica 


Africa 


All other countries 




SUMMARY-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE. 


[Fiscal years 1894 and 1895.] 


GROUPS. 


1894. 


1895. 


IMPORTS. 
Free of Duty Articles of food and live animals 
Articles in a crude condition for domestic industry 
Articles Manufactured For mechanic arts ... . 


$244.414,83 

1U5.281.01 
16,164,52 
11,106,161 
2,828,99 
379,795.531 


Per ct. 
? 64.36 
r 27.72 
9 4.26 
) 2.93 

r .73 

3 100.00 


$152,931,261 
162,010,11 
26,269.68 

15.465.69, 
7,522,51 
363,228,27 


Per ct. 
i 42. 10 
i 44.61 
1 6.96 
i 4.26 
i 2.07 
1 100.00 


For consumption ; 
Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc 


Total free of duty 


Duti able Articles of food and live animals 
Articles in a crude condition for domestic industry. .. . 
Articles Manufactured For mechanic arts 


34~23877;-> 

33,641,71 
47,797,15, 
89.830,51 
69.690,901 
275,199.08 


i 12.44 
3 12.23 
> 17.37 
3 32.64 
3 25.32 
5 100.00 


82,797,27 
29,070,69 
48.39ti.97 
122,731,44, 
85,733,21 
368,729,60 


i 22.45 
r 7.88 
I 13.13 
3 33.29 
2 2125 
L 100.00 




Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc 


Total dutiable 


Free and Dutiable Articles of food and live animals. .... 
Articles in a crude condition for domestic industry 
Articles Manufactured For mechanic arts 


2"7s.653~,56 

138,922,73 
63,961,68 
100,936.67 
72,519,95 
654,994,62' 


7 42.54 
j 21.21 
1 9.77 
3 15.41 

r 11.07 

2 100.00 


235,728,5s 1 
191,119.81 
73.65fi.65. 
138,197,14 
93,255,731 
731,957,87 


) 32.21 
) 26.11 
> 10.06 
I 18.88 
) 12.74 
) 100.00 




Articles of voluntary use, luxuries, etc 


Total imports of merchandise 


EXPORTS. 
Domestic Products of Agriculture 


628.363,03 
183,718.48 
20.449,59 
28.010.95 
4,261,92 
4,400.94 
869.204.93 


3 72.28 
i 21.14 
3 2.35 
3 3.22 
D .49 
4 .52 

100.00 


553,215,31 
183,595.74, 

id,5U!t.8i 

28,576^81 

5,328,80 
4,171,97 
793,397,891 


r 69.68 
5 23.14 
I 2.35 
) 3.62 
.68 
( .53 
) 100.00 






Forest 


Fisheries 


Miscellaneous 


Total 


Foreign Free of duty 
Dutiable 


8,841.18 
14,094,45 

22,935,63 


I) 38.60 
} 61.40 

5 100.00 


7.476.90 1 
6.644,41! 
14,141,35 


52.88 
* 47.12 

100.00 


Total 



36 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


OUR TRADE WITH CANADA. 


EXPORTS TO CANADA. 


PRINCIPAL AND OTHER ARTICLES. 


1890. 


1891. 


1892. 


1893. 


1894. 




$57,802 
975,84b 
94,238 
808,156 
4,194,320 
381,485 
34,407 
2,582,575 
657,095 
566,983 
137.818 
97.527 
36,516 
80,625 
23,034 
271,752 
64.128 
96,909 

S.446.U97 

45,876 
74.844 
88,635 
3,721,054 
94,817 
156,040 
554,559 
1,175,697 
66,9% 
356,584 
261,125 
451,88( 
191,500 
323,42b 
1,321,327 
351.153 
427,852 
42.307 
154,855 
1,094,168 

514,393 
1,660.558 


$09,426 
8r5,064 
109,958 
741,844 
3.308.786 
324,634 
24,432 
2,643,87!) 
255,872 
362.959 
162,512 
109,042 
30,612 
106,348 
33,510 
276.466 
59,070 
86,997 
9,530.482 
62,211 
61,233 
117,847 
3,788,457 
117.892 
161J002 
495,927 
1,216.881 
66,147 
462,153 
235,000 
425,920 
287,595 
411,252 
1,042.306 
368,390 
441,557 
36.245 
89,873 
1,164,121 

492,233 
1,869,720 


$81,569 
953,177 
103,781 
754.009 
2,188.833 
204,728 
1.988,524 
5.202,461 
226,202 
320,567 
130,688 
115,479 
36.694 
113.427 
46,559 
307,444 
27,679 
104,108 
9,995,736 
82,947 
50,954 
256,180 
3.579.227 
94,538 
234,320 
560,379 
1,228,792 
62.664 
663,066 
266,763 
413,352 
546,715 
411,875 
1,209.962 
355,363 
424,332 
43,539 
206,961 
1,063,507 

428,181 
1,674,377 


$39,14 
594,240 
103,762 
749,829 
2,619,607 
158,431 
185,620 
3,423,760 
169,959 
284,136 
138,839 
144,987 
26,678 
116,638 
35,009 
223,29!* 
39,896 
119,976 
10.673.700 
102,382 
55,990 
197,498 
3,459,427 
104,684 
247,369 
658,428 
1,272,426 
58,88E 
661,203 
260,018 
395,320 
634,806 
370.931 
1.203,005 
421.2ST 
407,910 
42,809 
183,478 
1,222,646 

402,632 
1,731,053 


$40,817 
518,631 
97,986 
692.341 
5,547,175 
149,224 
81,641 
3,252,117 
247.521 
586,019 
123,219 
120,597 
33.281 
88,909 
61,015 
269.183 
33,263 
97,343 
9.781,922 
106,525 
52,039 
190.194 
2,852,654 
98.071 
214,272 
574,749 
1,226,619 
58,481 
451,9(8 
233,517 
359.164 
229,554 
332.157 
1,386,222 
391,430 
364,086 
33,467 
224,747 
1,185,855 

395,354 

1 664,857 


Animals, living 








Cornmeal 


Rye 


Wheat 


Wheat flour 


All other 


Pricks, clays, and tiles 






Buttons of all kinds 




Carriages, tram, passenger and freight cars, etc. . 










Cordage and twine, and manufactures of, n. e. s. . 
Cotton, and manufactures of Unmanufactured.. 
Manufactures of Bleached and unbleached 


All other . . 






Electric apparatus 










Green 










Gutta-percha and India rubber, and manufactures 
or ..... 


Hats, caps, and bonnets 






319,133 
796,55-2 
417,973 
303,63! 
5,545,324 
21,910 
233,960 
605,8*2 
319,05C 
965,795 

101.314 
136,29! 
682.805 
3.018.0:4 
391,83b 
340.517 
50,201 
500,151 
123,411 
1,430,6-39 
219.757 

512,00: 

2,779.059 
838.649 
5,641,217 

.)9..-)2;;.054 


273,039 
675,130, 
438,546 
3-27,896 
5,555.995 
30,199 
252,206 
577,752 
309,830 
1,079,445 

115.862 
133,995 
659.160 
2,388,032 
411.162 
310,629 
58,751 
254,298 
158,124 
1,547,290 
183,946 
401,738 
2,969.329 
671.549 
5.731.273 

58,044,081 


227,742 
805,576 
418,463 
279,124 
5,790,407 
104,257 
211,831 
062.280 
295.273 
1.029,717 

92.04 
158, 12S 
719,561 
2,227,253 
672,104 
384,670 
54,743 
307,948 
97,110 
1,863.864 
190,012 
306,526 
2.20U,9.->3 
849.429 
5,890,207 

62,601,439 


184,259 
943,961 
390,015 
325.239 
5,8:56.557 
152,180 
262,316 
926.883 
278.450 
1,070,366 

70,368 
155,399 
737.846 
1,003,313 
432.532 
341.972 
61,142 
355.353 
89,286 
1.746,301 
178.757 
308.199 
2,166.570 
727.635 
6,767,030 

59,153,707 


179,270 
723.637 
355,897 
197,000 
5,130,487 
126.487 
121,095 
737,258 
20^.023 
1,010,304 

116,891 
156.071 
649.102 
1,831,867 
598,853 
329,847 
40.178 
1.231,375 
119,776 
1.705,313 
195,136 
257,433 
2,t!06.41P 
747.835 
5,210,733 

59,032.498 




Metals and minerals Brass, and manufactures ot 






Tin, and manufactures of 








Paintings, drawings, engravings, in oil or water. 
















Tea 












All other articles 


Total merchandise 


Gold and silver. . 


926,312 


1,652,180 


1,395.440 5,882,180 


2,238,009 







IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER. 37 


OUR TRADE WITH CANADA. CONTINUED. 


IMPORTS FROM CANADA. 


PRINCIPAL AND OTHER ARTICLES. 


1890. 


1891. 


1892. 


1893. 


1894. 


Animals Cattle, 






$107,391 
I.ai9,355 
764,217 
110,716 
2,941,679 


$29,245 
1.370,192 
763,481 
57,048 
2,219,966 


$21,777 
1,220,665 
1,117.121 
57,897 
2,417,460 


$11,052 
1,250,189 
1,129,499 
199,617 
2,590,357 


$3,891 
713,671 
659,216 
66,846 
1,443,624 














All other 






Total 






Ashes, including pot and pearl 
Books, periodicals, and other p 
Breadstuff's and grain Barley. 






33,645 
48,061 


49,869 
57,113 


52.081 
57,331 


66.854 

57,586 


56,238 
50,006 


rinted matter 


4,582,575 


2,849,281 


1,354,485 


638,279 


216,493 


Wheat 






6,625 
113,320 
11,758 
696,316 
274,033 
5.684,627 


613,690 
95,131 
8,710 
951,709 
221,212 

4,739,733 


871,263 
88,207 
55,654 
893,270 
200,287 
3,463,166 


246,568 
6,017 
23,635 
779,211 
283.351 
1,977.061 


76,846 
43 
22,177 
592,005 
188,227 
1,095,791 


Rye 






Oats , 












All other 






Total 
Coal and coke 






2,309,064 
160,392 
61,819 
38,473 

2,679,988 
297,829 

I 248,689 

570,075 

| 481,276 

54,791 
174.965 


2.713,967 
13t,972 
49.717 
27,165 

3.827.r,06 
280,808 

389,801 
321,382 
477,311 
29.408 
152.482 


2.97J.223 
133,883 
42,403 
20,530 
3,304,649 
227,013 

280,262 

483,574 
476,768 

43,569 
123,661 


2,982.657 
164,728 
48,99U 
25,894 
3,493,959 
248,180 

691,226 

409,397 
398,090 
25.584 
97,898 


3,118,746 
116,026 
38.fr.JO 
36,766 
3,317,687 
230,877 

469,500 

524,851 
291,439 

24.277 
64,385 














Fertilizers 






Fish, and products of 






Flax, hemp, and jute, manufac 


tures of . . 




















Furs, and manufactures of 






Hides and skins, raw 






Hoofs, horns, and tips 












Lime 






Metals and minerals (exclusive 
Copper, and manufactu 
Iron and steel, and manufacl 
Asbestus 


of gold and silver) 


109,327 
206,778 
403,800 
143,390 
863,295 


238,246 
206,807 
374,687 
304,645 
1,124.385 


188,453 
188,203 
375,956 
753,881 
1,506,493 


375,039 
208,151 
368.373 
610,337 
1,561,900 


53,605 
161,934 
279,926 
886,768 
1,382,233 










All other 






Total 






Musical instruments 






32,909 
38,461 


35,583 
16,547 


50,470 
98,279 


52,219 
84,841 


43,724 

15,838 


Oil cake and meal , 






Provisions, n.e. s. Butter and cheese, lard, bacon 
and hams, shoulders and sides, and other meats. 
Seeds and bulbous roots - 


I,9ia833 


1,152,871 


595,014 


406,28b 


243,559 


35,001 
700 
33,457 
364.154 
92,535 
57,805 
405,382 
11.635,470 
248,598 
793,460 
4.937,058 
37,242.491 


57,974 
5,257 
59,794 
338.163 
122,086 
41.950 
1,571,951 
13,633,151 
247.729 
1,012,312 
4,511,470 
39,402,223 


25,778 
8,000 
77,648 
333,774 
148,216 
48,870 
111,950 
13,207,350 
208,283 
1,155,653 
5,091,965 
36,766,316 


83,708 


36,507 
35,300 
145,750 
320,981 
108,073 
118,038 
301,167 
13,814,079 
15,662 
940,709 
4,822,742 
33.228.595 


Ships 






Spirits and wines 






110,905 
394,935 
377,132 

77.180 
366.205 
15,518,862 
228,030 
1.303.378 
5,632,095 
39.476.138 








Sugar and molasses 






Tobacco, and manufactures ot 
Vegetables 
















Wool, and manufactures of. . . . 






All other articles Settlers' eff 
Other 


3CtS 








Total merchandise 






Gold and silver 


3,-ttO,31!l 


1,736.472 


2,221,711 


4,446,872 


2.581.345 


IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER COIN AND BULLION. 


[Fiscal years IS 


94 and 1895 ending June 30.1 


COUNTRIES FROM WHICH 
IMPORTED. 


GOLD. SILVER. TOTAL. 


1894. 


1895. 1894. 1895. 1894. 


1895. 


France 


$10,742,507 
14,437,867 
31, (518,545 
96,753 
16,902 
1,669,399 
308,458 
267,397 
1,503.818 
440,289 


$7.845,S 
1,376,' 
14,996,? 
60,1 
8,t 
3,176,;: 
337,( 
286,1 
1,84U 
275,< 


S3 $21,505 
62 1.905 
,69 13,508 
56 1,026 
64 305,170 
143 114,401 
39 


$5,126 $10,764,102 
12,328 14,439,772 
65,508 31,632,053 
3,295 97,779 
$87,887 322,072 
$00,537 1,783,800 
39,497 308,458 
152,701 692,70!) 
302,269 12,790,lil9 
39,913 487,336 


$7,850.709 
1.389,090 
14,161,877 
69,451 
296,551 
3,376,880 
377,136 
438,815 
9,644.160 
315,546 


Germany 


England 


Other Europe 


British Honduras 


Quebec, Ontario, etc 


Briti sh Columbia 


Central American States 
Mexico 


14 425.322 
!91 11,286,381 7, 
i 47,047 


British West Indies 





38 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOLD AND SILVER. CONTINUED. 


COUNTRIES FROM WHICH 
IMPORTED. 


GOLD. 


SILVER. 


TOTAL. 


1894. 


1895. 


1894. 


1895. 


1894. 


1895. 


Cuba 


$7,305.375 
394,595 
609,849 
767,554 
63,012 
1,969,487 
235,890 


$3,550,756 
204,950 
675,578 
325,819 
24.370 
978,265 
73,750 
1,657 


$38,146 
293,987 
658,851 
788 
76,920 
330 
1,175 


$39,348 
440.697 
429,297 


$7,343,521 

688,592 
1,268,700 
768.342 
139,932 
1.969,817 
237,065 


$3.590.104 

645,647 
1.101,875 
325.819 
88JQ8 
978,265 
88.259 
1,657 
5,610 


Other West Indies 


Colombia 


Venezuela 




14,433 


British Australasia 


Other Asia and Oceanica 
Africa 


14,509 


All other countries. 


1,422 


435 




5,175 


1,422 


Total 


72,449,119 

I5,4JO,000 
28,811.650 
15,069,210 
725,400 
1,729.824 
44,347 
322,740 
80,224 
102585 
12,351,317 
785,388 
19,704 
44,067 
87,200 
454,925 
7,400 


35,146,734 

28,625.400 
14.857.754 
8.346,068 
250,000 
3,311,761 
15,777 
40.900 
4,943 
121,988 
8,186,805 
697,849 
15,131 
33.140 
16,082 
935,460 
5,232 


13,286,552 

201.000 
94,950 
35.107,908 


9,.V>2.520| 

1,500 
81,317 
31,973,355 
86,000 
168,161 
11,720 
520,819 
546.121 
12,182 
12,986 
625 
250,217 
13.960 
458.358 
1.323 
193,326 
3.949.700 
4.500,519 
4,440,763 
3,000 
1.365 


85,735,671 
15651 000 


44,699.254 

28,626.900 
14,939.071 
40,31'.M'.':i 
330.000 
8,479. ;c>2 
27,497 
561,7191 
551,064 
134,170 
8,199,791 
f.fls.474 
265.348 
47,100 
474,440 
936,783 
19&S68 
3,949,700 
4,591,912 
4,441,263 
578,000 
1.365 


COUNTRIES TO WHICH 
EXPORTED. 




2s,90t5,GO(> 
50.177,198 
725,400 
1,877,151 
61,098 
615,420 
708,932 
lp:).405 
12.388,827 
897,183 
157,908 
48.227 
580.020 
454,925 
120,331 
163,500 
9,137,786 
3,849,030 
794,085 
5,300 


England 


Other Europe 




147,327 
16,751 
292,680 
628,708 
7,120 
37,510 
111,795 
138,201 
4.160 
492,820 


ritish Columbia 


Central American States 
Mexico 




Cuba 


Haiti 




Other West Indies. 


Colombia 






112.931 
163.500 
9.037,571 
3,819,030 
2,01)0 
5,300 


China 


Hongkong 


100,215 


91,393 
500 
575,000 


Japan 


Hawaiian Islands 


792,085 


All other countries 


Total 


76,978,061 


66.131,183 


50,451,265 


47,227,317 


127,429,326 


113,358,500 




IMPORT DUTIES LEVIED BY SEVER/ 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

Articlt*. D 
Flour, per brl . .$1 


LLET7 

uly. 
61 
16.6 
06.1 
05.1 
.18.3 
07.8 
.30 
45 

.88 
36.8 
08.4 
14.7 
.12.5 
14.7 

.22.7 
.32.3 

54 

.22 
.09.7 


ROF 

Ai 
Floi 
Wh 
Con 
Oat 
Rye 
Bar 
Mea 
Lar 
Ai 

FlOl 
Wh 
Con 
Oat 
Rye 
Lar 

Flo 
Wh 

CO 

Flo 


BAN COUNTRIES ON FARM PRODUCTS 

ITALY. 
ticles. Duty. 
ir, per brl . . . $1 97 3 


Wheat, per bu 
Corn, per bu , 


jat, perbu 3(5.8 
i, per bu 05 r> 


Oats, per bu 


i, per bu 11 9 


Rye, per bu 
Barley, per bu 
Meats of all kinds per 100 Ibs . .. 1 


, per bu 
ey, perbu 
ts, salted and stuokei 
i per 1 b 


20. 
04.8 
1, per Ib 02 1 


Lard, per 100 Ibs 3 




American pork prohibited. 

FRANCE. 

Flour, per brl fl 
Wheat, per bu ' 
Oats, per bu 


nerican pork prohibited. 

PORTUGAL WHEN ALLOWED, 
ir, per brl $2.02 
3at. .perbu 58.7 
i, per bu 49.3 


Rye, per bu 
Barley, perbu 
Corn, per bu 

GERMANY. 

Wheat, per bu.,with countrU 
special commercial treaties 
Wheat, per bu., other countrie 
Flour, per brl.. with countri 
special commercial treaties 
Flour, per brl., other countrie 
Oats, per bu . 


;s having 


, per bu 48. 8 
d, per Ib 05 

RUSSIA. 

ir per brl $ .83 8 


GREECE. 

eat, per bu., with countries having 
mmercial treaties with Greece $ .16.8 

SPAIN, 
ir, wheat, per brl S3. 26 


s 
js having 


i 2 




Rye. per bu 


.21.2 
.10.6 
.09.7 
.80 
62 
62 
19 


Flo 
Wh 
Cor 
Oat 
Rye 
Por 
Salt 


IT, other, p 
eat, per bu 
Q per bu 


erbrl... .. 1.24.2 


Barley, per bu 


42 
. .21 .ft 


Butter, per 100 Ibs 1 




Meat, per 100 Ibs . .1 


.perbu 21.5 


Pork, per 100 Ibs 1 


k. lard, bacon and hams, per Ib 01.3 
d and dr ed meats, per Ib 01 


Live hogs, per head 1 



OCCUPATIONS OP THE PEOPLE. 39 


SWEDEN. 

Flour, per brl $1.40 


Wheat, 
Corn, pe 
Oats, pe 
Rye, pei 


per bu ... J.01 .0 


r bu 01 5 


Wheat, per bu 21 


t bu Free 


Corn, per bu 08.5 


bu 01 5 


Oats, per bu Free 


Barley, 

The ts 
America 
Switze 
. corn anc 

F THE 


per bu .-. .. 01 5 


Kye, per bu 08.5 


TURKEY AND BULGARIA. 

iriff rate is 8 per cent, ad valorem, 
n pork prohibited, 
rland abolished its import duties on 
I oats May 20, 1893. 

PEOPLE. 


Barley, per bu 06.8 


Lard, per Ib 01.2 




NORWAY. 

Flour, wheat, per brl $ .29.78 


OCCUPATIONS 


Number of persons in the United States engaged in each specified occupation, classified by 
sex, Census of 1890. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


Total. 


Males. 


Females. 


All occupations 


22,735,661 


18,820.950 


3,914.711 


Agriculture, fisheries, and mining 


9,013,201 


8,333,092 


679,509 


Agricultural laborers (1) 




3,004,015 
1,800 
17,80fi 
5,281,557 
60,150 
72,601 
65,857 
208,549 
141.039 
37,658 
70,734 

as,697 

17,738 
944,323 


2,556,930 
1,755 
16,072 
5,055.1,30 
59,887 
70,186 

osk*.) 

208,330 
140,W> 
37,628 
70,047 
33.6S5 
17,327 

632,641 


447,085 
45 
1,734 
226.427 
263 
2,415 
28 
219 
133 
30 
687 
32 
411 

311,682 






Dairymen and datrywomen 




Farmers, planters, and overseers (2) 








Gardeners, florists, nurserymen, and vine growers 


Miners (coal) 




Miners (not otherwise specified) 












Wood choppers 




Other agricultural pursuits (4) 




Professional service 








9,728 
8,070 
22,486 
6,714 
4,510 
88,295 
17,498 
9,392 

43,242 

21,849 
89,630 
62,155 
2,926 
79,664 


5,779 
8,048 
11,676 
3,989 
4,464 
87,060 
17,161 
9,086 

43,115 

20,961 
89,422 
27,636 
2,926 
74,789 
100,218 
4,697 
96,581 
17,421 
6,492 
1,090 

2,692,820 


3,949 
22 
10,810 
2,725 
46 
1,235 
337 
30C 

127 

888 
208 
34,519 






Artists and teachers of art 




Authors and literary and scientific persons.. 








Clergymen 




Dentists 








Engineers (civil, mechanical, electrical, and mining) 
and surveyors 






.Lawyers 




Musicians and teachers of music 




OfiHcers of United States army and navy. . . 




Officials (government) (5) 




4,875 
4,555 

245,230 
634 
2 
479 

1,667,680 


Physicians and surgeons 




104,803 
5,432 
341,811 
18,055 
6,494 
1,569 

4,360,506 


Professors In colleges and universities 




Teachers . . 








Veterinary surgeons 




Other professional service 




Domestic and personal service 




Barbers and hairdressers 




84,976 
55,807 
44,349 
139,765 
44,140 
92,810 
2,552 
21,556 
1,913,317 


82,151 

55,(M) 
11,766 
139,718 
38,825 
6,008 
2,531 
18,776 
1,858,504 


2,825 
147 
32,593 

5,315 
86,802 
21 

2,780 
54,813 










Engineers and Bremen (not locomotive) 




Hotelkeepers 




Housekeepers and stewards (6) 




















(1) In agricultural districts "agricultural 
laborers" are often reported simply as 
"laborers." 
(2) Farmers' wives, sons and daughters, 
working in common and without stated re- 
muneration, especially in the southern states, 
are often reported as "farmers" and so tabu- 
lated. 
(3) Frequently returned as "sailors." In 
many cases where the avocation is followed 
for only a portion of the year they are re- 


ported under some other branch of industry. 
(4) Includes "turpentine farmers and labor- 
ers," principally found in a few of the 
southern states. 
(5) Includes national, state, county, city 
and town governments. 
(6) Includes paid housekeepers in private 
families, hotels, etc.. matrons in public and 
private Institutions and stewards and stew- 
ardesses. 





40 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE. CONTINUED. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


Total. 


Males. 


Females. 


Launderers and laundresses 


248,443 
58,090 
19,301 
71,412 
1,443,399 
4.981 
27,919 
74,633 
13,053 

3,325,962 


31,816 
6,688 
16,885 
69,137 
237,523 
4,954 
27.919 
74,350 
9,619 

3.097,653 


216,627 
51,402 
2,416 
2,275 

l.'JOo^Tf, 
30 


Nurses and midwives 


Restaurant keepers 


Saloonkeepers 


Servants 


Sextons 


Soldiers, sailors, and marines (United States) (1) 


Watchmen, policemen, and detectives 


283 
3,434 

228,309 


Other domestic and personal service . .-. 


Trade and transportation 


Agents (claim, commission, real estate, insurance, etc.) 
and collectors 


174,579 
3,207 
30,020 
16,719 
159,374 
5,985 
iVxj.'.XHI 
58,701 
368,502 
36,100 
54,029 
59,083 
26.767 
79,463 
46.411 
42,587 
115,085 
10,090 

3,657 
446,230 

27,542 
51,355 

5,288 

39,956 
24,930 
4,266 
24,327 
55,904 
264 3SO 
382,750 
33.333 
37,435 
52,214 

11,134 
9.900 
3,897 
3,882 

5,091,669 


169,704 
3,205 
29,516 
16.683 
131,602 
5,953 
492,852 
581089 

3t>8,26.j 

35,117 
54.005 
56,824 
26.719 
79.459 
45,672 
40,358 
108,722 
9,945 

3,609 
430,303 

27,344 
48,446 
5,216 

39,719 
18,426 
4.265 

24,002 
55.875 
205,931 
381,312 
12,148 
37,423 
43,740 

10,465 
9.817 
3.842 
3,080 

4,064,144 


4,875 
2 
504 
36 
27,772 
12 
C4,048 
612 
237 
983 
24 
2,259 
48 
4 
739 
2,229 
6,363 
145 

48 
15,927 

198 
2,909 
72 

237 
6,504 
1 
325 
29 
58,449 
1,438 
21,185 
12 
8,474 

G69 
8A 
55 
802 

1.027,525 


Auctioneers 


Bankers and brokers (money and stocks) 


Boatmen and canalmen 


Bookkeepers and accountants (2) 


Brokers (commercial) 


Clerks and copyists (3) 


Commercial travelers 


Draymen, hackmen, teamsters, etc 


Foremen and overseers 


Hostlers.... 


Hucksters and peddlers 






Merchants and dealers in drugs and chemicals (retail). 
Merchants and dealers in dry goods (retail) 


Merchants and dealers in groceries (retail) 


Merchants and dealers in wines and liquors (retail) 
Merchants and dealers in wines and liquors (whole- 
sale) 


Merchants and dealers, not specified (retail) 


Merchants and dealers (wholesale), importers and 
shipping merchants 


Messengers and errand and office boys 


Newspaper carriers and newsboys 


Officials of banks and of insurance, trade, transporta- 
tion, trust, and other companies (5). 


Packers and shippers 


Pilots 


Porters and helpers (in stores and warehouses). . . , 


Sailors (1) 


Salesmen and saleswomen 


Steam railroad employes (not otherwise specified) (6). . 
Stenographers and typewriters 


Street railway employes 


Telegraph and telephone operators 


Telegraph and telephone linemen and electric light 


Undertakers 


Weighers, gaugers, and measurers 


Other persons m trade and transportation 


Manufacturing and mechanical industries 


Agricultural implement makers (not otherwise classi- 
fied) (7) 


3.771 
4,245 
1,031 
6,735 
853 
4,439 
422 
9,729 
1.927 
1,335 
2,322 


3,717 
4,242 
1,004 
6,726 
851 
132 
421 
9,717 
1,926 
140 
2,314 


54 
3 
27 
9 
2 
4,307 
1 
12 

I486 

8 


Apprentices (blacksmiths) 


Apprentices (boot and shoe makers) 


Apprentices (carpenters and joiners) 


Apprentices (carriage and wagon makers) 


Apprentices (dressmakers) 








Apprentices (milliners) 


Apprentices (painters, 


(1) "Sailors" at sea are liable to be omitted (4) See "Steam railroad employes (not 
unless they are actual members of families otherwise specified)." 
which are enumerated. (5) Includes officials of mining and quarry- 
(2) Includes bookkeepers and accountants ing companies, classified in 1880 with officials 
of all kinds, irrespective of where they may of manufacturing companies, 
happen to be employed. (6) See "Locomotive engineers and flre- 
(3) Includes clerks and copyists of all kinds, men." 
irrespective of where they may happen to be (7) Generally reported as blacksmiths, car- 
employed. See "Stenographers and type- penters, iron and steel workers, machinists, 
writers." painters, wood workers, etc. 



OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE. 



OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE. CONTINUED. 



OCCUPATIONS. 



Total. 



Males. 



Females. 



Apprentices (plumbers) 4,579 

Apprentices (printers) : 4 628 

Apprentices (tailors) , 2,625 

Apprentices (tinsmiths) 2,03(5 

Apprentices (not otherwise specified) 35,580 

Artificial tiower makers 3130 

Bakers 60,181 

Basket makers 5,223 

Blacksmiths 205,315 

Bleachers, dyers, and scourers 14,192 

Bone and ivory workers 1,792 

Bookbinders 23,787 

Boot and shoe makers and repairers 213,447 

Bottlers, and m ineral and soda water makers 7,215 

Box makers (paper) 19,239 

Box makers (wood) 9,446 

Brass workers (not otherwise specified) (1) 17,268 

Brewers and maltsters (2) 20,349 

Brick and tile makers and terra cotta workers (2) 60,201 

Britannia workers 1,020 

Broom and brush makers 10,117 

Builders and contractors 45,986 

Butchers 105,442 

Butter and cheese makers 11,440 

Button makers 2,589 

Cabinet makers 35,926 

Candle, soap and tallow makers 3,449 

Carpenters and Joiners 611,417 

Carpet makers (3) 22,290 

Carriage and wagon makers (not otherwise classified) 

<4>...T ; I 34,572 

Charcoal, coke, and lime burners 8,699 

Chemical works employes (5) 3,733 

Clock and watch makers and repairers 25,303 

Compositors (6) 29,988 

Confectioners 23,168 

Coopers 47,489 

Copper workers 3,381 

Corset makers 6,608 

Cotton mill operatives (7) 173,058 

Distillers and rectifiers (5) 3,349 

Door, sash, and blind makers (8) 5,062 

Dressmakers 288,983 

Klectroplaters 2,757 

Klectrotypers and stereotypers (6) 1,508 

Engravers 8,319 

Fertilizer makers (5) 716 

Fish curers and packers (9) 1,303 

Gas works employes (5) 5,246 

Glass workers 34,382 

Glove makers 6,432 

Gold and silver workers 20,225 

Gunsmiths, locksmiths, and bell hangers 9,154 

Hair workers 1,266 

Harness and saddle makers ami repairers 43,468 

Hat and cap makers 24,030 

Hosiery and knitting mill operatives (3) 29,219 

Iron and steel workers (10) 144,536 

Lace and embroidery makers 5,393 

Lead and zinc workers 4,685 

Leather curriers, dressers, finishers, and tanners 39,345 

Machinists 177,076 

Manufacturers and officials of manufacturing com- 
panies 103,265 



4,576 

4,47t> 

1,925 

2,032 

31,039 

603 

57.908 

4,517 

205,25(i 

12.495 

1,548 

12,289 

179,838 

6,659 

6,271 

8,098 

16,35,'i 

20,277 

60,007 

893 

8,944 

45,976 

105,313 

10,941 

1,067 

35.891 

3.053 

611,226 

11,545 

34,294 

8.684 
2,689 
20,543 
23,702 
17,562 
47,435 
3,373 
792 
80,144 
3,340 
5,034 
828 
2,645 
1,503 
8,016 
705 
1,095 
5,209 
32,660 
2,760 



9,065 

708 

42,612 

17,336 

8.706 

142,087 

915 

4,452 

39,032 

176,937 

101,216 



(1) See "Molders" and "Metal workers (not 
otherwise specified)." 

(2) The unskilled workmen are often re- 
ported as common laborers. 

(3) See "Woolen mill operatives" and "Mill 
and factory operatives (not specified)." 

(4) Generally reported as blacksmiths, car- 
penters, iron and steel workers, machinists, 
painters and varnishers. upholsterers and 
trimmers, wheelwrights, wood workers, etc. 

(5) The unskilled workmen are often re- 
ported as common laborers. 



(6) See "Printers, lithographers and press- 
men." 

(7) See "Print-works operatives" and "Mill 
and factory operatives (not specified)." 

(8) See "Saw and planing mill employes." 

(9) See "Meat and fruit packers, canners 
and preservers." 

(10) Includes employes of foundries, fur- 
naces and rolling mills. See "Metal workers 
(not otherwise specified)," "Molders." "Nail 
and tack makers," and "Stove, furnace and 
grate makers." 



42 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE. CONTINUED. 



OCCUPATIONS. 



Total. 



Females. 



Marble and stone cutters 61,069 

Masons (brick and stone) 158,916 

Meat and fruit packers, canners, and preservers (!}... 6,002 

Mechanics (not otherwise specified) , 15,481 

Metal workers (not otherwise specified) 16,702 

Mill and factory operatives (not specified) (2)., 93,411 

Millers (flour and grist) 52,844 

Milliners 60.464 

Model and pattern makers 10,301 

Molders 66,288 

Musical instrument makers (not otherwise specified) 

(3) 724 

Nail and tack makers (4) 4,638 

Oil well employes 9,239 

Oil works employes 5,624 

Painters, glaziers and varnishers 219,868 

Paper hangers 12,367 

Paper mill operatives 27,824 

Photographers 20,029 

Piano and organ makers and tuners (5) 14,717 

Plasterers 38,935 

Plumbers and gas and steam fitters 56,597 

Potters 14,963 

Powder and cartridge makers 1,396 

Printers, lithographers and pressmen (6) 86,454 

Print works operatives (7) 7,103 

Publishers of books, maps, and newspapers 6,426 

Roofers and slaters 7,137 

Rope and cordage makers 8,420 

Rubber factory operatives 16,349 

Sail, awning, and tent makers 3,244 

Salt works employes 1,867 

Saw andplaning mill employes (8) 133.518 

Seamstresses (9; 149,704 

Sewing machine makers (not otherwise classified) (10). 1,085 

Sewing machine operators (11) 7,088 

Ship and boat builders 22,932 

Shirt, collar, and cuff makers (12) 21,155 

Silk mill operatives (13) 34,814 

Starch makers 775 

Steam boiler makers 21 ,278 

Stove, furnace, and grate makers (4, 9,420 

Straw workers 3,805 

Sugar makers and refiners 2,737 

Tailorsand tailoresses (12) 185.197 

Tinners and tinware makers 55,374 

Tobacco and cigar factory operatives ' 111,422 

Tool and cutlery makers (not otherwise classified) (13). 18.105 

Trunk, valise, leather-case, and pocketbook makers. . . 6,300 

Umbrella and parasol makers 3,415 

Upholsterers 25,723 

Well borers 4,889 

Wheelwrights 12,853 

Whitewasners 3,984 

Wire workers 12,348 

Wood workers (not otherwise specified) 67,225 

Woolen mill operatives (14) 84,071 

Other persons in manufacturing and mechanical in- 
dustries : 74,686 



61,006 
153,874 
4,604 
15,468 
15,840 
51,561 
52,745 
406 
10,156 
66,241 

701 
4.130 
9.229 
5,587 
218,622 
12,313 



17,834 
14,360 
38,912 
56,555 
12,943 
978 
80.889 
5,356 
6,207 
7,134 
5,044 
9,886 
2,999 
1,758 
133,216 



1,145 

22.929 
5,206 
14,192 
581 
21,272 
9,397 
1,312 
2,733 
121,586 
54,427 
83,601 
17,454 
5,467 
1.480 
23,916 
4,888 
12,852 
3,975 
J 1,255 
68,529 
47,636 

59,807 



63 
42 

1,398 

13 

862 

41,859 

99 

60,058 
145 
47 

23 

508 
10 
37 

1,246 
51 

8,955 

2,195 

357 

23 

42 

2,020 

418 

5,565 

1,747 

219 

3,376 

6,463 

245 

109 

302 

145,716 

197 

5,883 

15,949 

20,622 

194 

6 

23 

2,463 
4 

63,611 

947 

27,821 

651 

833 

1,935 

1,807 

1 

1 

9 

1.093 
3,696 
36,435 

14,879 



(1) See "Fish curers and packers." 

(2) Includes textile mill operatives (not 
otherwise specified), and also mill and factory 
hands for whom the specific branch of in- 
dustry was not reported. 

(3) See "Piano and organ makers and 
tuners." 

(4) See "Iron and steel workers" and "Metal 
workers (not otherwise specified)." 

(5) See "Musical instrument makers (not 
otherwise specified)." 

(6) See "Compositors" and "Electretypers 
and stereotvpere." ' 

(7) See "Cotton mill operatives" and "Mill 
and factory operatives (not specified)," 

(8) See "Door, sash and blind makers." 



(9) See "Sewing machine operators, 4 ' "Shirt, 
collar, and cuff makers." and "Tailors and 
tailoresses." 

(10) Generally reported as cabinetmakers, 
iron and steel workers, machinists, wood 
workers, etc. 

(11) See "Seamstresses," "Shirt, collar and 
cuff makers," and "Tailors and tailoresses." 

(12) See "Seamstresses" and "Sewing ma- 
chine operators." 

(13) Generally reported as blacksmiths, ma- 
chinists, etc. 

(14) See "Carpetmakers," "Hosiery and 
knitting-mill operatives," and "Mill and fac- 
tory operatives (not specified)." 



WAGES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



WAGES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



The following statement, showing the rates 
of wages in the general trades in various 
countries, has been prepared by the depart- 
ment of state. 

The rates given for foreign countries have 
been compiled from United States Consular 
Reports, with the exception of the rates in 
New South Wales, which have been compiled 
from the Statistical Register of New South 
Wales for 1891. 

In some cases, where no general rates of 
later date were available, the statistics are 
taken from a Special United States Consular 
Report, entitled Labor in Foreign Countries, 
printed in 1884. In nearly all the cases, how- 
ever, the rates for 1884 are supplemented by 
later statistics, which will be found immedi- 
ately following the tabular statements. These 
subsidiary figures will aid in arriving at a close 
approximation of the present rates of wages 
prevailing in those countries. They will, also, 
serve to show that only slight changes in the 
rates of wages have occurred during the dec- 
ade, and that the rates for 1884 are substan- 
tially the same as those which now prevail in 
foreign countries, the former being, if any- 
thing, higher than the present rates. 

It was considered necessary, for compara- 
tive purposes, to give a column to the United 
States, but as there is no department compi- 
lation showing the average wages prevailing 
in this country the figures were taken from 
the report to the United States senate (LJId 
congress, second session), upon transportation, 
wages and prices for fifty-two years, ended 
July. 1891, in certain localities in Connecticut, 
Delaware, Illinois. Kentucky, Maryland, Mas- 
sachusetts, fTew Hampshire, New York, Penn- 
sylvania and Tennessee. The rates for the 
several trades, as stated In that report, were 
collated, and the averages are the rates given 
in this statement. It is deemed necessary to 
add, however, that as there is no uniformity in 
the number of times the several trades are 
mentioned in the reports the tables being 
separately printed and in great detail the 
rates given cannot be called a true average 
of the rates which prevailed in the states 
mentioned. For instance, some trades are 
mentioned once or twice that is. in one or 
two reports, representing only as many places 
(cities) while others are mentioned in six, ten 
or fifteen, or more, reports; and while the oft- 
mentioned trades may be accepted as com- 
paratively true averages, the trades men- 
tioned in only a few reports represent only 
the districts for which they are given. In the 
absence of all other statistics, this is the best 
that could be done in regard to the United 
States, and the rates as a rule should be taken 
as only comparatively those which prevailed 
in 1891. 

The weekly hours of labor that is, the 
actual working hours in the several coun- 
tries, as well as can be ascertained from the 
foregoing sources, are: 

COUNTRIES WITH CURRENCIES ON GOLD 

BASIS. 

Australasia New South Wales, not stated; 
New Zealand, 48 hours; Victoria, 48 hours. 

Brazil, (X) hours. 

Belgium, 54, 60, 72 and T8 hours, 60 hours being 
the most general. 

Canada, 60 hours. 

Denmark (Copenhagen). HO hours. 

France, 60. 06 and 72 hours, 60 hours being the 
most general. 

Germany, 60, 63, 66 and 72 hours, 60 and 66 
hours being the most general. 

Holland, 60 and 63 hours. 

Italy, 60, 66 and 72 hours, 60 hours being the 
most general. 



Spain. 60, 63 and 72 hours, 60 hours being the 
most general. 

Switzerland, 60 and 66 hours, the latter being 
the most general. 

United States, 60 hours. 

COUNTRIES WITH CURRENCIES ON SILVER 
BASIS. 

Austria, 60, 66 and 72 hours, the latter being 
the most general. 

China In Amoy the general trades labor 60 
hours, but in southern China, and generally 
throughoutChina, the working hours are from 
"daylight to dark," with an hour for the noon- 
day meal and a few minutes in the forenoon 
and afternoon for tea and refreshments. 

Colombia, 60 to 72 hours. 

Ecuador (Guayaquil), 60 hours. 

Japan Consular reports do not give the 
hours of labor, but it may be assumed that 
they are somewhat like those prevailing in 
China. 

Mexico, 60 hours. 

Persia From sunrise to sunset. In winter, 
an hour at noon for eating; in summer, work- 
men have two intermissions, first at 11 o'clock 
for breakfast and a few minutes in the after- 
noon for lunch. Generally speaking there is 
no labor performed on Fridays. 

Russia, 60, 69 and 72 hours, the latter being 
most prevalent. 

Venezuela. 60 hours. 

Austria -Hungary and Russia have been 
omitted from the fixed-currency table for the 
reason that while a gold Dasis has been re- 
cently adopted in the former and is being 
gradually established in the latter, they were 
on a silver basis at the time the rates of wages 
given were in force. They are, therefore, in- 
cluded in the table of countries having a fluc- 
tuating currency, with explanatory notes as 
to the present condition of their finances. 

The following supplementary statements 
give such later information as was obtainable 
concerning the rates of wages in gold-stand- 
ard countries: 

Germany, 1889. Annual wages earned in 
the various industries in 1889: Building trades 
(not otherwise designated), $124; potters, $157; 
machine shops and iron and steel works, $200: 
gas works and water works, $194; chemical 
industries, $138; leather industries, $187; paper 
mills, $162; potteries, $158; glass works, $155; 
silk mills, $146; textile industries, $123; rolling 
mills, $238; quarries, $63. (Consular Reports 
No. 148, p. 97.) 

Germany, 1890. The British consul at 
Munich, July 9, 1890, reports: In the country 
the price of skilled labor is lowest in the tex- 
tile industries and highest in parquetry and 
in stove and glue factories, etc. male skilled 
labor, 48 cents to $1.20; ordinary male labor, 
42 to 66 cents; female skilled labor, 34 to 72 
cents; ordinary female labor, 26 to 34 cents. 
Men's average wages in the industries Tex- 
tile, 72 cents; iron industries, $1.28. Printers 
in Munich, 82 cents; ordinary labor in Munich, 
54 to 66 cents; ordinary labor in the country, 48 
cents. Wages of skilled female labor in 
Munich, under 72 cents. 

Germany, 1892. A Berlin machine maker by 
constant work earns $250.60 per annum; a Ber- 
lin bricklayer or carpenter, less the rainy and 
frosty days, earns $253 per annum; an Er- 
langer first workman in a stone quarry. $232.53; 
ordinary workman, $187.95. (Consular Reports 
No. 145, p. 302.) 

England, 1892. Telegraph service, govern- 
ment operators: Men, first class, $73 per 
week; second class, $2.92, $3.40 and $4.38 per 
weok, for first, second and third years respect- 
ively. Women, first class, $6.80 per week; sec- 



44 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1896. 


AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES PAID TO THE GENERAL TRADES IN COUNTRIES WITH 


CURRENCIES ON GOLD BASIS. 










s 






s 






a 




"3 




TRADES AND OCCU- 





s 


i 


1 


1 


1 


1 

m 


8 




> 

el 


73 


11 


8 8 


PATIONS. 


s 


"S 


$ 


; 





_2 




^ 


i 


gs 


^ S 




3 




1 


I 


1 


O 


I 


i 


" 
I 


1 


1 


g 


'i-S 
$ 


P 


tS 1 


Building trades- 


1894. 


1884. 


1894. 


1884. 


1884. 


1884. 


1884. 


1884. 


1.^4. 


1892. 


1884. 


1884. 


1891. 


Bricklayers 


M4.tai 


$7.90 


$5.74 


$4.21 


$7.5T 


$7.22 


$7.55 


$4.89 


$4.20 


$3.80 


$5.21 


jixm 


$21.18 


Hod carriers 


9.50 


5.00 


3.13 


2.92 


4.94 


3.48 


4.50 


3.60 


1.70 




2.99 


8.40 


13.38 


Masons 


15.30 


5.85 


5.33 


4.67 


7.68 


7.12 


7.10 


4.80 


3.00 


' 's',30 


5.27 


13.50 


21.00 


Tenders 


9.60 


3.28 


3.23 


3.15 


5.07 


3.65 


4.70 


4.00 


1.70 




3.50 


8.40 


9.60 


Plasterers 


15.30 


8.30 


6.34 


4.43 


7.80 


7.12 


6.73 


4.00 


5.04 


"5.' 16 


5.03 


13.50 


23.10 


Tenders 


9.60 


3.28 


3.22 


2.91 


5.27 


3.53 


4.95 


4.00 


1.70 




3.40 


8.40 




Slaters 


15.30 


8.25 


5.65 


4.20 


7.10 


6.85 


6.86 


4.00 


4.20 




4.35 




"2i!66 


Roofers 




5.34 


5.65 


4.28 


7.35 


6.57 


7.13 




4,20 




2.99 


'isiso 


17.30 


Tenders 




3.28 


3.64 


2.81 


4.24 


3.40 


5.10 




1.70 




3.18 


8.40 




Plumbers 


'13.40 


7.92 


6.10 


4.25 


7.90 


7.47 


7.00 


' 4.80 


3.60 


' '3 .'36 


5.18 


13.50 


'ig'.'oo 


Assistants...... 


9.60 


3.60 


3.61 


2.72 


4.69 


3.38 


4.10 


2.80 


1.70 




3.36 


8.40 




Carpenters 


14.60 


7.13 


6.20 


4.11 


7.66 


6.97 


6.91 


4.80 


4.00 


"s.'oi 


4.74 


11.60 


'i5.'25 


Gasfltters 


13.40 


7.02 


6.07 


4.08 


7.66 


7.47 


6.86 


5.60 


3.40 




5.04 


13.50 


11.90 


Bakers 


11.55 


5.73 




3.50 


6.17 


6.53 


6.51 


4.80 


4.00 


' 'i.'so 


3.88 


10.. VI 




Blacksmiths 


14.60 


13.42 


"s.'s'i 


4.00 


7.37 


7.07 


6.56 


4.80 


2.90 


3.90 


5.20 


10.50 


'is.dz 


Strikers 




7.65 


4.72 


2.94 


5.30 


8.79 


4.61 


3.60 


3.40 




4.40 


7.00 


10.32 


Bookbinders 


"ie.'M 


3.58 


5.75 


4.20 


6.77 


7.22 


6.70 


4.00 


3.80 




4.68 


10.00 




Brickmakers 




10.00 


5.33 


3.98 


7.00 


6.41 


5.97 


3.29 


5.00 


' '5.40 


4.40 


8.10 




Brewers 


'iiigo 


4.56 


4.43 


5.00 


6.85 


7.30 


6.86 


6.00 




2.70 


3.78 


15.00 




Butchers 


13.07 


9.0S 




3.32 


5.50 


6.81 


5.95 


3.00 




3.90 


4.66 


9.60 




Brass founders 


16.00 


7.0S 


'e'.54 


4.38 


7.47 


7.34 


6.31 


4.00 


' '4.'66 




4.92 






Cabinetmakers 


12.20 


5.01 


6.14 


4.25 


7.68 


7.22 


6.73 


4.80 


3.40 


"5 .'25 


5.59 


'ii.'40 


"i3!32 


Confectioners 


9.75 


7.86 


4.85 


3.40 


6.84 




6.46 


4.80 


3.75 


3.55 


5.84 


11.00 




Cigarmakers 


7.30 


7.00 


4.65 


3.63 


6.07 




6.11 


4.80 


3.00 


4.80 


3.30 


9.00 




Coopers 


13.86 


6.45 


5.58 


3.97 


7.50 


"e.'s'i 


6.66 


4.80 


2.60 




4.78 


9.00 


ieios 


Cutlers 






5.16 


3.90 


7.00 


8.03 


6.73 




3.80 


' '4.'50 


4.93 






Distillers 


' ' .'75 


10.48 




3.56 




6.00 


6.11 


' 'e.'oo 


4.20 


4.25 


4.02 






Draymen and team- 




























sters 


10.94 


3.54 


5.57 


2.96 


5.37 


4.26 


5.28 


4.40 


1.50 






8.40 


10.80 


Drivers- 




























Cab and carriage 




3.86 


4.82 


3.21 


5.15 


4.26 


5.16 


2.50 


2.60 


2.70 




8.40 




Street car 




6.89 


4.47 


3.44 




4.26 


5.16 


2.50 


3.60 


3.00 


' 's'.si 


10.00 




Dyers 




5.37 


4.83 


3.45 


' 'e.'is 


4.86 


6 08 


3.60 


3 00 


3 30 


4.91 


7.00 


' '9 .'66 


Engineers 






7.35 


5.12 


8.38 


8.27 


8.46 


8.00 


6.00 


7.65 


6.25 


15.00 




Furriers 






7.00 


4.20 


8.52 


8.03 


7.06 


4.00 


4.60 


3.00 


4.63 


14.00 




Gardeners 




4.30 


5.11 


3.78 


5.80 


4.86 


4.98 


3.60 


4.00 


4.95 


3.83 


8.00 


"isiai 


Hatters 




10.32 


5.50 


4.36 


6.10 


7.30 


7.88 


4.00 


5.25 




3.84 






Horseshoers 




7.02 


5.89 


3.61 


6 32 


6 21 


6 88 


4 40 


5 20 


4*50 


4 65 


i2"66 




Jewelers 


iiio 


12.00 


6.24 


5.21 


8.76 


8.00 


7.00 


3.20 


5.20 


3.60 


6.35 


12.00 




Laborers, porters, etc. 


9.60 


3.35 


4.00 


3.11 


4.70 


4.00 


4.36 


4.80 


3.80 


2.75 


3.63 


7.00 


"s.ss 


Lithographers 


13.40 


12.90 


7.17 


5.60 


7.07 


7.71 


7.33 


4.80 




3.00 


5.51 


12.00 




Millwrights 




15.00 


6.74 


4.18 


6.97 


7.30 


6.76 


6.00 






6.30 


12.00 


'ie.'so 


Nailmakers, hand 






4.84 


3.12 


5.90 


4.87 






"Oo 




2.64 






Printers 




'jz'.oo 


6.64 




7,17 


8.52 


"7. '27 


"e.ob 


4.60 


"i.'so 


5.92 




'l6.'42 


Potters 




3.87 


4.7? 


' 's'.'eu 


5.20 


4.38 


6.62 




6.20 


4.00 


4.17 






Sailmakers 





10.32 


6.04 


2.85 


7.02 


8.03 


6.50 


' 'i.'so 


2.80 


3.90 








Shoemakers 








3.00 








4 00 




3 30 








Stevedores 


17.52 


7.75 


6.72 


6.70 


8.84 


5.40 


6.07 




2.00 


3.30 








Stonecutters 






5.18 


4.85 












3.90 






2i.66 


Tanners 


9.24 






3.80 


6.35 


5.45 


6.46 


4.00 


2.20 


4.20 


4.92 


8.25 




Tailors 


13.40 


' 'e.'se 


"i>'.& 


3.41 


7.40 


6.70 


6.90 


5.00 


4.00 


4.9U 


6.36 


9.00 




Telegraph operators. . 




io.7r> 


6.92 


5.11 


11.00 


8.87 


12. (X) 


5.00 


5.20 


7.00 




7.50 




Tinsmiths 


"i2'!i6 


7.02 


5.50 


3.5:> 


6.50 


6.04 


6.6i 


4.00 


6.60 


3. OU( 4.41^ 


6.00 


ii.'ss 


*The gold standard prevails in Brazil, but the actual currency is paper, which is now valued 
at about 18 cents per milreis, while the gold milreis is worth 51.6 cents. As the rates given are 
based upon a gold standard, and as it. is now most likely that'labor is paid in paper currency, It 
follows that the purchasing power of the paper-currency wage is only about one-third the 
purchasing power of the rates given in the table, and that labor has suffered to that extent, 
unless wages have been trebled in the meantime. 


ond class, $2.43, $2.92 and $3.65 per week for paid $4.86 to $6.32 per week. (Consular Reports 
first, second and third years respectively. No. 144, p. 47.) 


The second class operators are as two to one England. 1894. Weekly wages in Liverpool 
as compared with the first class. The number shipyards: Pattern makers, $8.51; machinists, 
of women employed as operators is one-third $8; boiler makers. $8.63; pipe fitters, $8.51; car- 


of the total force. Midland railway operators penters, $9.11; drillers, $6.30; joiners, $8.51; 


are paid from $97.33 for first year to $389.32 for fitters, $5.59; riveters, $7.90; calkers, $7.90; 


the tenth year, the increase taking place year painters, $8; smiths, $9.36; laborers, $4.86. 


after year, higher salaries being dealt with (Consular Reports No 170, p. 302.) 


according to the special circumstances of Ireland, 1894. Weekly wages paid in Belfast 


each case. Great Western railway operators shipyards: Platers, $8.26; helpers, $3.89; rivet- 


are paid from $340.65 to $729 per annum. Lan- ers and calkers, $7.53; drillers, $3.77; joiners, 


cashire and Yorkshire railway operators are $3; smiths, $7.78; finishers, $7.05; bolt makers, 



WAGES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



45 



$7.90; strikers, $1.74; pattern makers, $8; fitters, 
$7.78; shipwrights, $8.14; laborers, $3.77; riggers 
and sawyers, *7.17;sailmakers, $6.96; plumbers, 
$8.75: assistants, $2.67: polishers, $7.30; uphol- 
sterers, $8.26. (Consular Reports No. 170, 
p. 304.) 

Scotland, 1894. Weekly wages in the Clyde 
shipyards: Pattern makers, $9.35; machinists, 
$fi.48; boiler makers and plumbers, $8.64; pipe 
fitters, $7.29; shipwrights, $8.10; joiners, $7.84; 
drillers, $9.18: riveters, $10.80; calkers, $9.72; 
painters, $8.10; furnace men, $6.48; sheet-iron 
workers, $7.02; coppersmiths, $8.37; iron mold- 
ers, $8.10; brass molders, $6.60; blacksmiths, 
$8.10; laborers, $5.40; frame setters, $9.18. 
(Consular Reports No. 170, p. 307.) 

Holland, 1892. Any statement respecting 
the earnings of the various laborers can only 
be approximative, on account of the great 
difference and fluctuations in both hours of 
labor and wages. One witness stated that a 
good workman (on the docks) at Rotterdam 
ought easily to make $4 to $4.80 per week the 
year round, but the rate of wages per hour 
may be put at from 8 to 10 cents. Laborers 
employed on railways and at the depots aver- 
age from 36 to 70 cents per day, with a bonus 
of from $1.25 to $1.60 per month. Drivers on 
tramway cars receive from $4.05 to $5.68 per 
week, and conductors $5.25. Smiths and other 
workmen employed in the carriage factories 
of the tramway companies earn $6.08 per 
week. Engine drivers on steam tramways 
earn from $4.86 to $6.85 per week, besides a 
bonus. These at first sight may appear sub- 
stantial earnings, but it must be borne in 
mind that the purchasing price of the florin 
(40.2 cents) scarcely exceeds that of a shilling 
(24 cents) in England. 

Holland, 1891. Weekly wages in shipyards: 
Pattern and boiler makers, $6.24; machinists, 
$&72; plumbers and pipe fitters, $5.28; carpen- 
ters and painters, $4.80; loiners, calkers, 
furnace men and molders, $6; drillers, $4.88; 
fltters-up and riveters, $7; sheet-iron workers, 
$5.08; coppersmiths, $5.64; laborers, $4.20. (Con- 
sular Reports No. 170, p. 300.) 

Italy, 1889. Per diem wages in Florence: 
Machine and molding shops Cabinet makers, 
48 to 68 cents; wood carvers, 39 to 68 cents: car- 
penters, 48 to 59 cents; carriage builders, 
ordinary hands, 58 cents, first class hands, 96 
cents to $1.15. Pottery and porcelain works- 
Painters, 10 cents to $1.15; turners, 58 to 96 
cents; firemen, 23 to 49 cents; laborers, 28 to 49 
cents; potters, 58 to 68 cents. Glassworks- 
Blowers. 96 cents to $2.30; cutters, 58 to 98 cents; 
mechanics, 58 to 76 cents; laborers, 20 to 76 
cents; founders, 48 cents to $1.15. Goldsmiths 
and jewelers, 49 to 96 cents. Paper mills- 
Machine tenders, 39 to 49 cents; ordinary 
hands, 29 to 45 cents. Printers, 58 to 96 cents; 
lithographers, ordinary hands, 34 to 69 cents; 
skilled hands, 59 to 78 cents. 

Italy, 1890. Weekly wages in Genoa: Car- 
penters, ${.60 to $6 for first class hands and $3 
to $3.60 for second class; masons, $3 to $3.60; 
plasterers, $3 to $4.25; stone cutters, $3 to $3.60; 
.house painters. $2.40 to $3; blacksmiths, $2 to 
$4.80; tailors, $2.40 to $4.20; shoemakers, $1.80 to 
$2.40; hatters, $2.40 to $4.80; machinists, $3.(W 
to $6; fitters, 13 to $6.90; ship carpenters, $6. 
I Stevedores throughout Italy, $7.44, about the 
highest wages earned in the general trades 
and callings. 

Switzerland, 1892. The Swiss workingman 
is satisfied with a rate of remuneration which 
Is 33 to 40 per cent below that of the English 
and 10 to 15 per cent below that of the French 
workingman, the rates varying in different 
parts, being higher in the French than in the 
German cantons. Swiss official estimates of 
the average wage of a Swiss male worker 
fixes it at 50 to 60 cents per diem, but the con- 
sul considers this estimate too low. Non-con- 



tract laborers earn from 48 to 72 cents. (British 
Consular Reports.) 

Switzerland, 1895. The following figures are 
taken from a report by Consul Germain of 
Zurich, dated July 11,1895: The average wages 
paid in cotton mills vary between 29 and 50 
cents per diem. A day's wage of 80 cents for 
ordinary factory hands is an exception. 
Among the reelers the wages are lowest, one- 
eighth of these not receiving more than 20 
cents per day. Silk mills : Dyers and finishers. 
30 per cent receive less than 30 cents and only 
15 per cent receive over 40 cents; winders and 
twisters, 40 to 50 cents; spinners, 33 to 35 cents; 
warpers, 50 to 60 cents; weavers, 40 to 60 cents 
all per diem. Iron foundries and machine 
works: Unskilled laborers (20 per cent of the 
whole), 60 cents: skilled workers (57 per cent 
of the whole), 60 cents to $1; and the remain- 
ing skilled workers (23 per cent of the whole), 
$1 to $2 per diem. 

Austria, 1889. From a British consular report 
dealing with labor in the several districts of 
Austria-Hungary, the following daily wage 
rates are taken: Budapest Factory hands, 
10 cents (lowest) to $1.05 (highest) ; women 
factory hands, 8 to 40 cents; boiler makers, 80 
cents; wheelwrights, 90 cents; tinsmiths, 70 
cents; coppersmiths, 84 cents; turners, 80 
cents; machinists, 66 cents; locksmiths, 76 
cents; instrument makers, 88 cents; carriage 
builders, 68 cents; woodworkers, 83 cents; 
saddlers and upholsterers, 81 cents; painters, 
69 cents; molders, 65 cents; day workmen, 50 
cents; other laborers, 46 cents; iron miners, 32 
to 40 cents. Various districts Chemical fac- 
tories, 24 to 92 cents; flour mills and sugar 
factories, 20 to 80 cents; tobacco factories, 24 
to 40 cents; distilleries. 20 to 72 cents; glass 
factories, 32 to 40 cents; iron works. 20 to 80 
cents; sawmills, 16 to 60 cents; foundries, 40 to 
92 cents; forges, machine shops and rolling 
mills, 40 to 96 cents; nail factories, 20 to 21 
cents; women, 16 to 18 cents; day laborers, 20 
to 30 cents. 

Austria, 1894. Weekly wages (60 hours) in 
the Trieste shipyards: Pattern makers, $4.20 
to $7.80; boiler makers, plumbers, pipe fitters, 
coppersmiths and molders, $3.60 to $5.40; 
carpenters, joiners, drillers, fltters-up, rivet- 
ers, calkers, painters, and furnace men, $3 to 
$1.50; iron and brass workers, $2.40 to $3. (Con- 
sular Reports No. 170, p. 290.) Weekly wages 
in hemp mills in the Budapest district: La- 
borers, $2,50; breakers, $3.50; hacklers, $4.14. 
(Consular Reports No. 168, p. 140.) 

Mexico, 188o. Mining In the San Antonio 
mine (near Monterey), Mexican labor under 
an American superintendent speaking Span- 
ish, work two shifts of twelve hours each. 
Good smelters are paid $1 per day of twelve 
hours; assistant smelters, 75 cents, and yard 
hands, 36 to 50 cents (Consular Reports No. 67. 
p. 491.) La Paz mines Wages per day of 
twelve hours: Miners, $1,50; furnace men. $1; 
general workmen, $1.25; teamsters, 75 cents; 
machinists, $2.50; carpenters, $2; watchmen, 
75 cents. (Consular Reports No. 67. p. 504.) 

Mexico, 1895. In an article in Rhodes' 
Journal of Banking, for July, 1895, Mr. Worth- 
Ington C. Ford, Chief of the United States 
Treasury Bureau of Statistics, quotes a state- 
ment from Mr. C. A. Browne, treasurer of the 
Mexican Central Railway, as to the wages 
paid by that company. Mr. Browne writes: 

"In the first part of 1890 we were paying 
Mexican laborers from 50 to 75 cents per day. 
according to the location upon the road; 
brakemen, from $15 to $50 a month; machinists, 
from $1 to $5 a day; masons, from $1 to $3, and 
carpenters. $1 to $3. At the present time la- 
borers are receiving the same rates;carpenters, 
from $1.50 to $3.50 per dav, and some as nigh as 
$1.75; machinists, from $1 to $5 a day, according 
to their skill," 



46 CHICAGO DAILY NBWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES PAID TO THE GENERAL TRADES IN COUNTRIES WITH 
CURRENCIES ON SILVER BASIS. 


TRADES AND OCCU- 
PATIONS. 


AUSTRIA * 


CHINA. 


Colombia 
(Barran- 
quilla). 


ECUADOR 


i 


JL 

1884. 
$10.00 
8.60 
10.80 
3.50 
4.25 
3.50 


Persia. 


Peru 
(Callao). 


Russia. 


Venezuela. 


|! 


Austria. 


i 


Ningpo. 


1 


|| 


Building Trades- 
Bricklayers 


1891. 


1884. 
$3.58 
2.05 
3.73 
1.92 
4.00 
1.82 
4.00 


1891. 
$1.64 
1.13 
1.60 
.75 
1.50 
.75 


1884. 
$1.20 




1884. 
$7.74 
3.90 
7.74 
3.90 
7.74 
3.90 
7.74 


1885. 
$1.44 
.72 
1.44 
.72 
1.44 
.72 
1.44 


1884. 
$7.50 
4.50 
7.50 
4.50 
7.50 
4.50 


1892. 
$2.04 
1.14 
2.18 
1.14 
1.56 


1884. 
$2.40 
1.90 
1.80 
1.20 
2.40 
1.20 


1884. 
$9.00 
540 
14.76 
4.90 
9.00 
5.40 


1884. 
$4.32 
2.45 
6.72 
2.88 
4.00 
2.55 
4.20 
3.75 
2.60 
4.32 


1884. 
$9.00 
4.63 
9.74 
3.81 
9.40 
4.63 
13.20 
8.70 
4.82 


Hod carriers 
Masons 
Tenders 
Plasterers 
Tenders 


'$2.63 


Slaters 




Roofers 
Tenders 
Plumbers 
Assistants 
Carpenters 


"2'.85 

"2.57 

"2.24 
3.09 


4.2$ 
2.80 
4.11 
2.41 
5.10 
6.00 
4.72 
3.18 
4.00 
3.10 
5.87 
3.60 
4.40 
3.00 
3.04 
3.01 
3.90 
3.00 
3.00 
2.20 

4.00 
3.68 
3.80 


1.60 
.75 
1.56 
.75 
2.15 

L38 

T.64 

3.50 
2.25 
1.62 
2.25 
2.80 
1.40 
1.63 
2.13 
3.50 

LTO 

258 


"i'.oo 

'T.80 

1.32 
"2.66 


7.74 
3.90 
14.50 
7.74 
7.74 
14.50 
4.84 
9.66 
4.84 
4.84 

"V.74 
4.84 
4.84 

3.8i 

3.84 
4.84 


1.44 
.72 
1.44 
.72 
1.44 
1.44 
1.44 
1.44 
1.44 
1.44 

"i'.ii 

1.44 
1.44 
1.44 
1.44 
1.44 

"".72 

"i'.ii 

1.44 


7.50 
4.50 
10.00 
6.00 
10.80 
8.00 
10.00 
9.00 
7.50 
7.50 

"9.66 
10.00 
10.00 
9.00 
8.00 
10.00 

' 12.66 
9.00 

9.00 
9.00 

"9.66 


1.80 


8.40 
3.25 


1.80 
1.20 




"I'M 

T.85 

'3.66 

T.50 
T.52 


' ' 7.60 
8.00 
5.50 
6.00 
6.00 
5.40 
10.00 
10.00 
5.00 
4.50 
7.25 

"i'.oo 

3.60 

3.60 
8.00 
3.16 
4.6(> 
366 


"2.40 

"3'. 72 
3.04 

"3.78 
'T&8 

2'.88 
1.68 

i'.25 

1.75 

"2". 40 
3.00 


"9.66 
" 3.60 

isiso 

9.20 
20.00 
12.30 

' ii'.iti 

4.20 
7.50 
7.50 

"3.56 

3.50 
7.40 

' 19.75 


2.30 
3.30 
8.70 
2.92 
3.72 
3.42 
2.80 
4.00 
2.91 
4.20 
5.76 
3.30 
5.00 
3.6(1 
3.91 
4.00 
3.60 

3.60 
2.95 
3.16 
4.66 
3.6(1 
3.110 
5.10 
3.75 
4.15 
2.88 
8.30 
5.76 
5.76 
2.59 

"2'.88 


9.60 

9.84 
18.00 
12.00 
12.83 
10.25 
9.16 

' i'l.75 

' 14.45 

10.38 
12.50 

' '13.50 

"a'S) 
10.00 

' 13.66 
6.50 

"V.85 

' i2'.66 

14.00 
10.00 


Gasfltters 
Bakers 
Blacksmiths 
Bookbinders 


Brewers 
Butchers 


Brass founders 
Cabinetmakers 
Confectioners, 


3.31 

2.85 
3.20 

"2'.20 
2.36 

2.42 


Cigarmakers 
Coopers 
Cutters 
Distillers.. 
Draymen & teamsters. 
Drivers- 
Cart and carriage . . . 
Streetcar 
Dyers 
Engravers 
Furriers 


Gardeners 
Hatters 
Horseshoers 




"3'.85 
3.<8 
4.74 
3.00 
3.10 
4.85 
3,40 
3.80 


1.50 
1.50 
1.56 
1.88 
1.00 
1.88 
1.88 
2.25 
4.50 


1.20 

"i'.ii 


3.84 
3.84 
9.66 
9.6d 
3.84 

"4.84 

4.84 


"i'.ii 

1.44 
.72 

"i'.ii 

1.44 


"aofi 

12.00 
12.00 
8.00 
20.110 
2.75 
10.00 


'i'.ii 

T.80 
1.75 


3.90 
5.10 
3.75 
4.15 
2.90 
3.80 
5.7(1 
5.76 
2.60 


1.48 
3.8) 
3.68 
6.3(1 
1.92 

"8.66 
1.92 


5.00 
9.00 

' '13.90 
3.50 

"9.42 


Jewelers 
Laborers, porters, etc. 
Millwrights 
Potters 
Printers 
Sailmakers 


"2'.37 

"2.86 
3.34 


Shoemakers 
Stevedores 
Stonecutters 




'Y.io 

4 15 


1.45 

1.88 
1.75 




'5.92 


1.44 

i'.ii 


9.00 
9.00 




"9.66 


3.84 


"4.92 


Tanners 
Tailors 

Telegraph operators.. 
Tinsmiths 


2.41 


3.00 
4.03 
6.75 
8.70 


1.50 
2.50 
6.00 
1 10 




5.92 
4.84 

12.00 
5.92 


1.44 
1.44 


8.00 
10. | 

27.00 
10.00 


i'l'.TO 
2.95 


3.00 
|7.14 

11.50 

7.50 


3 84 
2.88 

"T.92 


4.92 
4.92 

12.10 

7.50 


4.90 
3.42 

5.25 
3.96 


12.00 
12.50 
11.38 
11.00 


'Although the gold standard now prevails in Austria-Hungary, the silver standard pre- 
vailed up to August, 1892. As will be noted in the tables printed in Consular Reports showing 
the value of foreign coins, the Austrian silver florin, the old money unit of the empire, 
fluctuated In value from 47.6 cents in 1874 to 32 cents in July, 1892, when It was superseded by 
the gold crown, with a fixed value of 20.3 cents. The downward course of the old silver florin 
must be taken into account in the Austrian wage rate, thus scaling still further the very low 
rate which prevailed in that country. 
tA week of seven days. 
iTailors employed on native clothes. 
{Employed in making foreign clothes. 


Russia. While silver is the normal currency mined. The Consul-General says that, at the 
of Russia, paper is the actual currency In elate of his writing (July 16, 1895), the silver 
which all general business and other cdmmer- ruble passed at par with the paper ruble, 
cial values are estimated throughout the Em- which was then quoted at 52.1 cents American, 
plre. Consul-General Karel of St. Petersburg, According to the United States Treasury valu- 
in a report upon this subject, says : "The paper ations, the silver ruble on that date was valued 
ruble officially called 'credit ruble' is the at only 38.9 cents. The Russian gold ruble has 
actual currency of Russia." Silver, being very a fixed value of 77.2 cents. In 1884, the date on 
little in circulation, plays only a small part in which the foregoing Russian wage rates were 
Russian currency. obtained, the silver ruble was valued by the 
Gold is the standard by which the values of United States Treasury at 64.5 cents; on July 
both the paper and silver ruble are deter- 1, 1895, at 38.9 cents. 



f 


FOREIGN MEASURES. 47 


The metrical systei 
season: 

Arabia 
Algeria 

Argentine, Chile am 
Bolivia 
Austria 


FOREIGN MEASURES. 


n is used in Europe, bu 

Bushels. 
. .1 bahar, equal... . 3.708 
.Itarrie 0.564 
1 cafflse 9.026 
1 1 fanega 1.598 


t the following are employed during harvest 

Bushels. 
Japan Ito 0517 


Ikoku 5.168 


Java 1 pecul 2.264 
Malta 1 salma 8.111 


.1 cahiz 19.176 
.lachtel 0.218 


Mexico 1 fanega . 1 603 


Morocco 1 muhd 5. 184 
Persia lartaba 1997 


Belgium 
Brazil 


8 achtels 1 metzenl.745 
1 staho 2.346 


Portugal 1 fanega 1.535 
Imoyoor moio.. 23.021 
1 alquiere 0.384 


Icentner 2.059 


.Ikop 0.028 
1 schepel 0.284 
Imuddeorzak, . 2.837 
1 hectolitre 2.837 


Roumania 1 kilo 12.340 
Russia 1 garnietz 0.093 
Itchetverka 0.185 
Itchetverik 0.740 
1 payak 1 480 


.lalqueire 1.145 




.1 aim ii nan 5.742 


China 

Corsica 
Cuba 


llast 6.746 


1 osmine 2.960 


.Ipeeul ) 
100 catty > 2.222 


1 chetwerk . . . 5.920 


1 pood* 36.112 Ibs. 0.602 
Sicily 1 salma 7.840 
Spain Ifanega .... l.COO 
1 cahiz 19 000 


1600tael ) 


.1 stajo 5.254 
1 quintal (101.75 


Canary Islands. . . . 


Ibs,)... 1.096 


Sweden 1 tunna 4.156 
Switzerland 1 coup 2.233 
Tripoli 1 temen 0762 


Ifanega 2.987 
1 fauega of wh't. 1.777 


Candia 
Denmark and Norway 

Egypt 

France and Greece 
Germany 


If anega of maize 5.520 
.Icarga 4.322 
.Itoende 3.940 
1 last 45.910 


1 hueba 3.046 


Tunis 1 caffiso 14.0K2 
Turkey 1 f ortin 3.985 

TURKISH PROVINCES FOR THE SALE OF 
GRAIN. 
Lbs. 
Moldavia loke 3.2 
Icentner 1,097.1 
Wallachia 1 killow 1,280.0 


Icentner 1.837 


.Irooba 0.217 
1 weybeh 0.868 


lardeb 5.206 


.1 hectolitre 2.837 
.Iwispel 29.875 
llast 87.000 


Bavaria 
Bremen. 

Brunswick 


.Imetzen .. 1.714 
Ischeffel 10.284 
.Iviertel 0.815 
Ischeffel 2.015 


Galatz 1 killow 853.0 

THE "QUARTER" IN ENGLAND CONSISTS IN: 

Lbs. 
American Atlantic coast business in all 
United Kingdom markets 480 


llast 80623 


.1 scheffel 8.827 


Frankfort . 


1 simmer 0.815 


Hamburg 


1 achtel . . . 3.260 


Russian wheat in London 492 


.Ischeffel 2.994 


California wheat in all United Kingdom 
markets 500 




1 malter 6 296 


Hesse Cassel 
Hesse Darmstadt 
Prussia 


.Ischeffel 2.277 
.Imalter 3.633 
.Ischeffel 1.560 


English home-grown wheat In all United 
Kingdom markets 504 


English and Scotch barley in all United 
Kingdom markets 448 


Saxony 


Icentner.... 1.888 


..Ischeffel 3.926 
.Ischeffel . .. 5.029 


Russian barley in London 420 
Russian oats in London 504 
Prince Edward Island oats in Liverpool 
and London 320 


Gibraltar 


. .1 arroba 0.423 


Goa 
India* Bengal ., 


1 fanega 1.600 


..1 maund 0.700 
1 candy 14.000 


English and Scotch oats in all United 
Kingdom markets . .. . 336 


.1 maund 0.461 


OTHER MEASURES IN DIFFERENT COUN- 
TRIES EQUAL IN: 

One hundred kilos wheat.. bu. 3.67 


Bombay 
Madras 


1 candy 9.222 


.1 maund 0.466 
1 candy 9.333 


.1 maund 0.416 
1 candy 8.320 


Iparah 1.928 


One hundred kilos corn bu. 3.93 


Igarse 154.275 


One hundred kilos oats bu. 6.87 


1 morah. . 1.333 


One hundred kilos rye bu. 3.93 




1 candy . . 9 333 


One hundred kilos barley bu. 4.58 


1 tomolo 1 567 


One hectolitre wheat bu. 2.83 


Rome 
Sardinia 

Tuscany 


1 carro 56.412 
..Iquarta 2.088 
Irubbio 8.352 
. .Imina 3.425 
1 sacco 3.264 


One centner, Austria, wheat bu. 2.05 
One fanega, Argentina, wheat. bu. 1.59 
One cahiz, Argentina, wheat bu.19.17 
One chetwerk, Russian, wheat bu. 5.92 


One pood, Russian, wheat. bu 0.60 


1 charge 4.530 


One candy, Bengal, wheat bu. 9.22 


..1 sacco 2.074 
1 moggio 16.592 




1 stajo 0.689 


One candy, Mysore, wheat bu. 9.33 


*Weights equivalents are on a basis of 60 Ibs. 



48 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


MINERAL PRODUCTION OF THE UNITED STATES, 1893 AND 1894. 
Compiled for the Mineral Industry, Vol. III. 


PRODUCTS. 


1893. 


1894. 


QUANTITY. 


Value at 
Place of 
Produc- 
tion. 


QUANTITY. 


Value at 
Place of 
Produc- 
tion. 


Customa'y 
Measures. 


Metric 
Tons. 


Customa'y 
Measures. 


Metric 
Tons. 


Non-Metallic Alum short tons. 
Antimony ore short tons. 


96,000 
850 
120 
3.490 
26.632 
19.041 
31,404 
9,199.000 
348.399 
7,445,950 
673,989 
1,629 
3,245,172 
47,355,387 
'128,826,364 
8,939.961 
3,894 
17,862 
54,000,000 
1,747 
17,000 
36.500 
9,700 
1,520 
45,341) 
882,912 
1,691 
330,231 
W,000,000 
1,143 
9,150 
200,000 
679,000 
6.500 
155 
130,000 


87,093 
771 
109 
3,166 
24,161 
10,896 
28,489 
4,173 
158 
918,667 
91,715 
1,646 
2.943,973 
42.960,116 
116,869.397 
8,104,202 
2 
16.204 
24,492 
1,585 
17,274 
33,113 
88,000 
1,379 
41,133 
400 
1,534 
299,682 
5,443,164 
1.037 
9,297 
203,814 

m 

141 
59 


$2,880,000 
41,000 
6,000 
68.682 
133,160 
55,205 
114,752 
689,925 
87,100 
5.010,958 
1,052,173 
16,000 
5,028.150 
74,1505.885 
123.899,415 
14,706,544 
5,452 
134,520 
1,882,500 
140,589 
85,000 
337,625 
63,070 
55.800 
345,920 
39,731 
8.996 
927,615 
30,000.000 
8,000 
60,000 
540,000 
29,522 
5,478 
-VW.I 
7,600 
14.000.000 


72,000 
165 
250 
4,198 
23,758 
. 10,732 
34,199 
13,140,589 
379,444 
7,895,259 
738,196 
2,653 
3,400,290 
52,010.433 
*117,950,348 
8,495,295 
6,550 

^ W' 897 
ttf).000,000 
1,220 
23,280 
39,600 
9,000 
1,000 
37,400 
770,846 
165 
287,517 
156,750,000 
1.37C 
11,735 
225,000 
829,500 
9,900 
297 
750,000 


65,304 
150 
227 
4,080 
21,548 
10,906 
25,018 
5,962 
172 
1,074,179 
100,352 
2.697 
3,084.040 
47.183,345 
106,953.311 
7,706,846 
3 
13,511 
27,215 
1,106 
23,655 
85,917 
8,165 
907 
33,922 
349 
150 
279,437 
5,104,355 
1,243 
11.924 
228,622 
377 
4 
269 
340 


$2,160,000 
9,075 
3,750 
75,654 
95.032 
42,928 
148,120 
919,841 
98.055 
4,397,407 
1,080,644 
35,125 
4.236.054 
80,879,404 
103.842,467 
12,654,558 
8,843 
104.100 
2,016,000 
109,500 
116,400 
396,000 
tU.OOO 
35,000 
335,800 
34,689 
1,252 
849.925 
28,375,000 
4,864 
74.890 
607,500 
36.957 
11,103 
4,447 
45,000 
11,0(10,000 
6622li2 
45,600 
8,445,174 
1,711,275 
40.762,962 
2,856,465 
250,000 
466,466 
5,396,9s3 
347.951 
2,551,259 
499,578 


Asbestus short tons 


Asphalt short tons 


Bary tes short tons 


Bauxite long tons. 


Bituminous rock short tons 


Borax pounds 




Cement, nat. hydraulic,bls. 300 Ibs. 
Cement, Portland bis. 300 Ibs. 
Chrome ore long tons 


Clay short tons. 


Coal, anthracite short tons. 


Coal, bituminous short tons. 


Coke short tons. 


Cobalt, oxide pounds. 


Copperas short tons 




Corundum and emery, .short tons. 
Feldspar long tons 


Fibrous talc short tons 


Fluorspar short tons. 


Garnet short tons. 


Grindstones short tons. 


Graphite pounds. 


Graphite, amorphous . ..short tons. 
Gypsum short tons. 


Lime brls., 200 Ibs 


Magnesite short tons. 


Manganese ore long tons. 




Mica, ground pounds. 


Mica, sheet pounds. 


Millstones short tons. 






Paints, mineral short tons. 


44,709 
37 
88,500 
25,000 
50,349,228 
981,340 


40,559 
34 
80,286 
22,679 
6,978,403 
997,140 


726,160 
40.000 
9,469.500 
1,875,000 
32.223.505 
3,434,690 
200,000 


38,861 
41 
87,242 
22,814 
48,527,336 
952,155 


34,201 
37 
78.155 
22,172 

6,725.490 
967,485 




Paints, white lead short tons. 
Pai nts, zinc oxide short tons. 
Petroleum (crude) brls., 42 gals. 
Phosphate, rock long tons. 
Precious stones 


Pyrites long tons. 


95,000 
11,639,061 
300,000 
803,887 
4.138.920 
2,500 
3,750,000 
5,639,681 
2,175 


95,526 
1,478.230 
304,814 
237,014 

2,268 
3,810,375 
429,399 
166 


285,000 
5,623,647 
330;824 
2.956,895 
475,681 
12,950 
2,250,000 
2,087,758 
28.750 
1-38,000,000 
366.825 
25,625 
89,550 
377 517 086 


107,462 
11,502,975 
315,531 
693,944 
5,099,791 


109,192 
1,400,946 
320,610 
204.656 


Salt brls., 290 Ibs. 


Silica, sand and quartz, .long tons. 
Slate, roofing squares 


Slate, other manufactures. . .sq. ft. 
Soda short tons. 


Stone, limestone (flux), .long tons. 
Stone, marble cubic feet. 


3,544,393 
5,681,766 
1,450 


3,602,290 
433,093 
110 


2,126,636 

2,177.280 
29.000 
130,000.000 
401.892 
36,687 
84,450 
353 760 877 


Stone, onyx cubic feet. 


Stone, other building 


Talc and soapstone short tons. 
Tripoli and inf us.earth.short tons. 
Whetstones short tons. 


20,100 
1,351 
1,903 


18,235 
1,226 
1,726 


21,044 
1.802 
1,735 


19,087 
1.634 
1,574 


Antimony short tons. 


312,000 
350 
327,255,788 
1,739.323 
7,043,384 
166.678 
25,893 
30,164 
00,500,000 
76,255 


142 
318 
144,441 
75,764 
7,156,782 
152,080 
11.745 
1,046 
1,881,550 
69,178 


202,800 
63,000 
35.179,997 
35,955,000 
'.ci.ssfvjxr.t 
12,134,178 
12,42!) 
1.108,527 
47.311,000 
6.214,782 


817,600 
220 
353,504,314 
1.923,619 
6,657,388 
160,867 


371 
205 
110,483 
72,732 
6.764,5?^ 
145,906 


jnO,560 
39,200 
Si,540.489 
39176L205 
71,966.364 
10,585,048 


Copper pounds. 


Gold troy ounces. 


Iron, pig long tons. 


Lead, value at N. York. short tons. 


Quicksilver flasks, 76^4 pounds. 
Silver, commercial value.. .troy oz. 
Zinc spelter short tons. 


30,440 
49,846,875 
74.004 


1,056 
1,550.238 
67,135 


1,095,840 
31.403,531 
5,209,882 


Estimated products unspecified 
Grand total 






6.000.000 






5,500.000 






til5.887.108 






553.352.99li 1 


Including brown coal, lignite. tEstlmated. JKiloKrams, 



PARKS OF GREAT CITIES. 



4!) 



PARKS OF GREAT CITIES. 



CITIES. 



American- 
Allegheny, Pa 

Baltimore. Md 

Brooklyn, N.Y 

Buffalo, N. Y 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, O 

Cleveland, O 

Denver, Col 

Detroit, Mich 

Indianapolis, Ind... 

Louisville, Ky 

Milwaukee, Wis.... 
Minneapolis, Minn. 

Newark, N. J 

New York 

Omaha, Neb 

Philadelphia, Pa... 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Providence, R. I 

Rochester, N. Y 

San Francisco, Cal. 

St. Louis, Mo 

Washington, D. C.. . 



European 

Athens, Greece 

Berlin, Germany 

Birmingham, England.. 

Brussels, Belgium 

Copenhagen, Denmark. 

Dublin, Ireland 

Edinburgh, Scotland 

Glasgow, Scotland. 

Hamburg, Germany 

Liverpool, England 

London, England 

Moscow, Russia 

Stockholm, Sweden 



110,000 

r.03,000 

1.003.781 
300,000 

1.600.000 
825,000 
330.000 
150,000 
265.000 
120,000 
200,0^0 
2(6.000 
200,000 
200.IXH) 

l.S'.HINH) 

ifio,ooo 

1,170.000 
260,000 
153.000 
150,000 
335.000 
500.000 
230,000 



150,000 

l.ti'.ts.:;:.'! 



486,064 

341,000 

349.594 

270,588 

677,883 

595,000 

517,891 

4,349,160 

H-941.SOO 

252,937 



8.0C 
31.54 
26.44 
39.04 
186. 3C 
24.2* 
e27.2- 
43.6 
29.0( 
15. 0( 
14. 3( 
21.04 
55.6 
17.77 
38.9C 
24.7. 
129.3 
38. 2C 
16.2 
18.3t 
42. 2C 
C1.3 

9.5, 



13.54 
24. Hi 
19.8, 
34.5 

8.0 C 
39.0C 

9.6t 
18.5, 
23.3 C 

8.1 

108.7 

a; 27. 8 

12.04 



PUBLIC 
PARKS. 



35.05 

45.69 

c5d900.00180.00 



ft 14 

/!'. i 



11 
4 

o2 
r!5 
t30 

Mil 

1)20 

150 

1/18 

33 



300.00 150.00 



911.25 
(31.00 



2,148.19 
390.25 
213.13 
510.00 
884.38 
116.00 



1,079.18119.91 11.8 



402.00 

1,552.00 

80.00 

312.02 

540.00 

3,175.00 

800.00 

484.19 

475.00 

1,190.00 



2.180.00 103.81 
413.52 



54.36 
15.22 



108.72 
1,203.10 

264.00 

395.36 
82.3' 

1.900. 00 950.00 
1,280.00 



612.00 
249.57 
743.00 
5,000.00 
301.50 
468.6' 



PARKS, CITY AREA, 
AND POPULATION. 



85.112 
65.04 
23.68 
63.75 
46.55 
23.20 



33,02 



5.71 
63.67 12.5 



79.38 



49.58 



1.8 
1.5 

.. 7.6 
85.3320.8 



2.5 



1.2 



4.8 



22.69 



37.15 14.3 



14.20 



1.7 



(i.l 



55.000 
19,354 
62,736 
60,000 
64,000 
54,167 
36,667 
18,750 
13,947 
2t,000 
22.222 
37,857 

4,255 
14,286 
38,571 
22,857 
29,250 
130.000 

9,563 
16.667 
13,958 
23,810 



75,000 
20,462 
37,531 
44,242 
85,250 
174,797 
18,039 
22,596 
DI.OiH 
25,895 



. 

52,322 
7,665 



Sji 

s' 0( ^ 



367 
552 

1,591 
333 
745 
833 

1,549 
294 
300 

1,034 
185 
659 
129 

2,500 



1.380 
1,345 

1,840 
1,231 
4,140 



211 

1,108 

1,983 

697 

860 

3,123 



184 p 14 



19.03 
20.99 
21.20 
19.03 



18.15 
13.87 
18.92 
16.56 
16.33 



24.53 
23.52 
8.60 
21.20 
22.35 
20.92 
16.22 



16.21 
21.56 
21.50 
20.50 
20.01 
26.90 
19.70 
22.90 
20.00 
27.30 
21.00 
2o.fiO 
20.37 



a. Includes 6 parks of 857)4 acres, and 20 
squares of 60 acres, b. This does not Include 
the Coney Island Concourse, 70 acres, and the 
Parade Ground, 40 acres, recently brought 
within the city limits; nor the Ocean Parkway, 
5J^ miles long, and the Eastern Parkway, 2^ 
miles long, each road being 210 feet wide. 
The area of the city given is the old area be- 
fore the annexation, c, "Besides a number of 
places." d. "Including park approaches." 
e. "Cleveland has recently purchased six par- 
cels of land in different sections of the city 
for parks, aggregating about 700 acres." /. 
The street car company has a park of 166 acres 
near the city. Armstrong Park, 156 acres, lies 
near the city. g. "Several of these are very 
small, nothing more than small triangles. 
About 18 fair-sized parks." h. "Most or the 
parks of the city are very small." i. Pelham 
Park (1,700 acres) and one-half of Bronx Park 
(653 acres) lie outside the city limits. Total 
area of parks belonging to the city, 5,174 acres. 
}. "Thirteen small, three large." k. " Besides 
these there are Rock Creek Park, 1,500 acres, 
and the Zoological Park, containing 16 acres. 
Of the 413.52 acres In the city, 341.83 are im- 
proved." I. "The area of Athens is too large 
tor its population. Besides the two parks 



there are several squares." n. "The corpora- 
tion also possesses two hills called Redual 
and Bilberry Hills, containing 82 acres, and 
situated ten miles without the city." o. "And 
several small open spaces." p. "245,000 of the 
population reside on an area containing 64 
persons to the acre." r. "Includes Queen's 
Park and Arboreum, which are under govern- 
ment control and contain about 614 and 58 
acres respectively." t. " Includes Botanic 
Gardens, 21J^ acres, and adjoining highlands 
of 9J^j acres, also 7 disused graveyards open to 
the public, with an area of 12 acres, and 11 
minor open spaces, with an area of 11 acres." 
u. "The area of the lakes within the parks Is 
not included in the total area of park ground." 
Dr. Benkerman, Chief of Statistics of the State 
of Hamburg, v.' 'Several are very small, being 
disused churchyards, etc., laid out as orna- 
mental grounds. Largest public park. 382 
acres." w. "916.500 in the city and the rest In 
the suburbs." x. "Of which 1,147.20 acres con- 
tain houses and 1,258.11 acres are water." y. 
"The two great parks, of 272 and 54 acres re- 
spectively, are situated outside the area of 
buildings. Inside, the six largest contain, re- 
spectively, 29, 25, 22, 9^, 6^ and 5jy acres." 



50 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



OUR MILITARY STRENGTH. 



Secretary of War Lament sent to the last 
congress an abstract of the military force of 
the United States for the year 1894, compiled 
from the latest returns received by the ad- 
jutant-general of the army. 

The statement shows the organized strength 
by states, gives the number of commissioned 
officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians 
and privates and the number of men avail- 
able for military duty unorganized. A grand 
aggregate shows 9.50o commissioned officers, 
20,410 non-commissioned officers, 4,047 mu- 
sicians, 107,394 privates, and places the num- 
ber of men available for military duty 
unorganized at 9.582,806. 

Given by states, the aggregate organized 
strength (commissioned and non-commis- 
sioned) and unorganized men available is as 
follows: 



Organ- 
States, ized. 

Alabama 2,982 

Arkansas 1,079 

California 4,948 

Colorado 1,621 

Connecticut ...... 2,842 

Delaware 421 

Florida.. 1,011 

Georgia 4,194 

Idaho 304 

Illinois 5,313 

Indiana 2,581 

Iowa 2,478 

Kansas 1,724 

Kentucky 1,471 

Louisiana 1,249 



Avail- 
able. 



85,000 
98.779 
28,080 
60,714 
261.021 
13.932 
700.000 
481.192 
269,510 
100.000 
40.YOOO 



Organ- 
ized. 

Maine 1,241 

Maryland.. .: 1.907 

Massachusetts 6.006 

Michigan 2,878 

Minnesota., 1.900 

Mississippi 1,760 

Missouri 2,036 

Montana 517 

Nebraska 1,248 

Nevada 549 

New Hampshire 1,337 

New Jersey ii,970 

New York 12,846 

North Carolina 1,659 

North Dakota 545 

Ohio .-. 6,057 

Oregon 1,565 

Pennsylvania 8.932 

Rhode Island 1,372 

South Carolina 4,674 

South Dakota 799 

Tennessee 3,369 

Tex* 3,000 

Vermont 787 

Virginia 3,107 

West Virginia 838 

Washington 1,530 

Wisconsin 2,571 

Wyoming 460 

Arizona 503 

New Mexico 470 

Oklahoma 130 

Utah 1,080 



Avail- 
able. 

98,978 
100.000 



, 

.ziio.ooo 

160,000 
233,480 



25,000 

132,000 

6.248 

55,000 
284,aS7 
750,000 
240,000 

50,000 
645,000 

46.365 
806,230 

73,945 
181,000 

35.000 
169,000 
800,000 

44,164 
220,000 
122,475 

85.000 

308,717 

8,000 

7,600 

25,000 

10.000 

25.000 



Total 141,365 9,582,806 



FICTITIOUS NAMES OF CITIES. 



Aberdeen, Scotland. . .Granite City. 

Alexandria, Egypt Delta City. 

Alton, 111 Tusselburgh. 

Akron, O Summit City. 

Baltimore, Md Monumental City. 

Birmingham, O Bran Town. 

Boston, Mass Athens of America, The 

Hub. 

Brooklyn, N. Y City of Churches. 

Buffalo, N. Y Windy City, Queen City 

of the Lakes. 

Cairo, Egypt City of Victory. 

Cincinnati, O Queen City, Porkopolis, 

Queen of the West. 

Chicago, 111 Garden City. 

Cleveland, O. . Forest City. 

Dayton, O Gem City of Ohio. 

Detroit, Mich City of the Straits. 

Duluth, Minn Zenith City. 

Edinburgh, Scotland. .Maiden Town. Northern 
Athens. Modern Ath- 
ens, Athens of the 
North. 

Gibraltar Key of the Mediterra- 
nean. 

Hannibal, Mo Bluff City. 

Havana, Cuba Pearl of the Antilles. 

Holyoke, Mass Paper City. 

Indianapolis, Ind Railroad City. 

Jerusalem, Palestine.. City of Peace, City of 
the Great King. 

Kansas City, Mo Mushroomopolis. 

Keokuk, Iowa Gate City. 

Lafayette, Ind Star City. 

Limerick, Ireland City of the Violated 

Treaty. 

London, England City of Masts, Modern 

Babylon. 

Lowell, Mass City of Spindles, Man- 
chester of America. 



Louisville,Ky Falls City. 

Madison, Wis Lake City. 

Milan, Italy Little Paris. 

Milwaukee, Wis Cream City. 

Minneapolis, Minn ...FlourCity. 

Nashville, Tenn City of Rocks. 

New Haven, Conn. ...City of Elms. 



New Orleans, La.. . 



...Crescent City. 



New York, N. Y ........ Gotham. Empire City, 

Metropolitan City. 

Pekin, 111 .............. Celestial City. 

Philadelphia, Pa ...... Quaker City, City of 

Brotherly Love, City 
of Homes. 

Pittsburg. Pa .......... Iron City, Smoky City. 

Portland, Me ........... Forest City 

Lyons of 
Whisky Town. 



Lyons of America. 



ty. 
A 



Paterson, N. J 

Peoria, 111 

Quebec, Canada ........ Gibraltar of America. 

Quincy. Ill .............. Gem City. 

Racine. Wis ............ Belle City. 

Richmond, V~a .......... City of Seven Hills. 

Rome, Italy ............ Eternal City, Nameless 

City, Queen of Cities, 
Seven-Hilled City. Mis- 
tress of the World. 

Rochester, N. Y ........ Flour City. 

St. Louis, Mo ........... Mound City. 

St. Paul, Minn ......... Gem City. 

San Francisco, Cal Golden City. 

Salem, Mass ............ City of Peace. 

Salt Lake City, Utah. .City of the Saints. 

Springfield, 111 ......... Flower City. 

Streator. Ill ............ City of the Woods. 

Toledo, O ............... Corn City. 

Venice, Italy ........... Bride of the Sea. 

Washington, D. C ...... City of Magnificent Dis- 

tances. 

Winnipeg, Manitoba.. Gate City of the North- 
west. 



NAVIES OF THE WORLD. 



51 



NAVIES OF THE WORLD. 



Italy. 

Germ 

Nethe 

Spain. 

Austri; 

Swedei 

Norwa 

Denms 

Portug 

Turke3 

Greece . 

United 

Brazil . 

Argen 

Chile.. 

China* 

Japan , 



COUNTRIES. 


BATTLE- 
SHIPS. 


Port Defence Ves- 
sels. 


CRUISERS. 


TORPEDO 
CRAFT. 


'e 

6 


| 

2 
ft 


Second 
Class. 


?e 



fj 

S 


1- 

i 


?l 

1 


I. 


tc 


r 


A. 


B. 


A. 


B. 


t Britain 


89 

2; 

l~ 


8 
9 


7 
i 

'"i 


IT 
18 

25 
4 

18 

< 


m 

o 

7 
4 
1 


12 
13 
7 
I 

8 
6 
2 


69 

30 
2 

IB 

9 

8 
6 
4 

1 


106 

4<> 

89 

28 

18 

8 

K 

in 
10 
4 
6 
1 
82 

4 

7 

f 

i 

2 
13 
M 


87 
88 

10 
8 
8 
88 
24 
9 
7 

14 

14 

27 

to 

10 

14 
18 

6 

8 

27 
3 


86 
46 

68 

lor 

114 
6 
12 
24 

"*8 
5 
9 
6 
. 3 
7 
8 

"'2 
1 


88 

140 

86 
20 
14 
20 
81 

it; 
a 

4 
3 
15 
8 

""5 
6 
6 
M 

24 


18 
38 

'"4 

"3 
1 

8 
2 
3 

'"7 
f! 
1 

'"3 
M 

10 


498 
486 
189 
224 
SOI 
135 
97 
114 
53 
34 
40 
41 
107 
43 
68 
49 
.33 
26 
102 
75 


ce.... 


ila. 




8 

i 


i 


aany 


erlands 


Q 


i 






2 

10 

17 


7 
1 


,ria 


i 


6 


2 


ien 


ray ... 








,) 










t 




4 




8 
















1 

9 

X 


4 

i 


;ey 


i 




1 


7 

i 


1 








ed States .. . 


A 






18 
fl 


ft 


I 


18 

8 

2 
4 
9 
9 


11 




j 












It 




3 

2 

4 




i 






1 




a* 




* 




9 






f 























* Previous to the captures at Wei-Hai-Wei. 
THE WORLD'S SHIPPING. 



COUNTRIES. 


Sailing Vessels. 


Steam Vessels. 


Total. 


Great Britain 


No. 
8,892 
3,609 
1,265 
3,111 
1,490 
1,841 
1.041 
647 
1,729 
1,358 
244 
856 
1,136 
285 


Tons. 

3,48,%590 
1,403.494 
<i24,922 
1,297,801 
250,200 
516,225 
172,729 
157,630 
359,572 
290,829 
84,216 
101,750 
250,008 
65,575 


No. 
5,735 
480 
810 
510 
503 
213 
359 
199 
289 
462 
140 
238 
93 
172 


Tons. 
9,706,976 
005.3! 15 
1,216,092 
406,119 
872,103 
319,04!) 
465,273 
310,286 
232.61)3 
214,840 
218,440 
200,008 
127,915 
114,923 


No. 
14,627 
4,039 
2,075 
3,621 
1,993 
2,054 
1,400 
840 
2,018 
1,820 
384 
1,094 
1,256 
457 


Tons. 
18,192,566 
2,068,859 
1,841,014 
1,703,920 
1,128,309 
835,274 
638,002 
467,872 
592.265 
505669 
302,656 
302,358 
378,523 
180,498 


United States 


Germany 


Norway 


France 


Italy 


Spain 


Netherlands 


Russia 


Sweden 


Austria 


Denmark 


Greece 


Brazil 





POPULAR NAMES OF STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana, 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Montana 



.Cotton State. 
.Bear State. 
.Golden State. 
.Centennial State. 
.Nutmeg State. 
.Blue Hen State. 
.Peninsula State. 
.Cracker State. 
.Sucker State. 
.Hoosier State. - 
.Hawkeye State. 
.Sunflower State. 
. Blue Grass State. 
.Pelican State. 
.Pine Tree State. 
.Old Line State. 
,.Bay State. 
..Wolverine State. 
..Gopher State. 
..Bayou State. 
.Stub Toe State. 



Nebraska Blackwater State, 

Nevada Silver State. 

New Ham pshire Granite State. 

New Jersey... .-Jersey Blue State. 

New York Empire State. 

North Carolina Old North State. 

North Dakota Flickertail State. 

Ohio Buckeye State. 

Oregon Beaver State. 

Pennsylvania Keystone State. 

Rhode Island Little Rhody. 

South Carolina Palmetto State. 

South Dakota Swinge Cat State. 

Tennessee Big Bend State. 

Texas Lone Star State. 

Vermont Green Mountain State. 

Virginia The Old Dominion. 

Washington Chinook State. 

West Virginia The Pan-Handle. 

Wisconsin Badger State. 



52 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


TABLE FOR CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 


(Prepared by T. C. Mendenhall, of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.) 
CUSTOMARY TO METRIC. 


LINEAR. 


CAPACITY. 




Inches to 
milli- 
metres. 


Fett to 
metres. 


Yards to 
metres. 


Miles to 
kilo- 
metres. 




Fluid 
drams to 
millili- 
tres or 
cub. cen- 
timetres. 


Fluid 02. 
to milli- 
litres, 


Quarts to 
litres. 


Gallons 
to litres. 


1 


25.4001 

50.8001 
76.20(12 
101.6(102 
127.0003 
152.4003 
177.8004 
203.2004 
228.6005 


.304801 
.609601 
.914402 
1.219202 
1.524003 
1. 328804 
2.133604 
2.438405 
2.743205 


.914402 

1.828804 
2.743205 
3.05760r 
4.572*9 
5.486111 
6.400811! 
7.315215 
8.229616 


1.60935 
3.21869 

4>2S01 
6.43739 
8.04674 
9.65608 
11.26543 
12.87478 
14.48412 


1 


3.70 

7,39 
11.09 
14.79 
18.48 
22.18 
25.88 
29.57 
33.27 


29.57 
59.15 
88.72 
118.29 
147.87 
177.44 
207.02 
236.59 
266.16 


.94636 
1.89272 
2.S3908 
3.78543 
4.73179 
5.67815 
6.62451 
7.57087 
8.51723 


3.78543 
7.57087 
11.35630 
15.14174 
18.92717 
22.71261 
26.49S04 
:-W.2s;j,s 
34.06891 


2 




3 . . 


3 


4 


4 


5 




6 


6 


7 .. 


7.... 


8 


8.... 


9 


g 






SQUARE. 


WEIGHT. 




Sq. in. to 
sq. centi- 
metres. 


Sq.ft. to 
sq. deci- 
metres. 


So. yds. 
tosq. 
metres. 


Acres to 
hectares. 




Grains 
to milli- 
grammes 


Avoirdu- 
pois 
oz. to 
grammes 


Avoirdu- 
pois 
pounds 
to kilo- 
grammes 


Troy 
oz. to 
grammes 


l... 


6.452 
12.903 
19.aio 

25..S07 
32.258 
38.710 
45.161 
51.613 
58.065 


9.290 
18.581 
27.871 
37.161 
46.452 
55.742 
65.032 
74.323 
83.613 


.836 
1.672 
2.508 
3.344 
4.181 
5.017 
5.853 
6.689 
7.525 


.4047 
.8094 
1.2141 
1.6187 
2.0234 
2.4281 
2.8328 
f 3.2375 
3.6422 


1... 


64.7989 

129.5i7S 
194.3968 
259.1957 
323.9946 
383.7935 
453.5924 
518.3914 
583.1903 


28.3495 

56.6991 
85.0486 
113.3981 
141.7476 
170.0972 
19S.4467 
236.7962 
255.1457 


.45359 
.90719 
1.36078 
1.81437 
2.26796 
2.72156 
3.17515 
3.62874 
4.06233 


31.10348 

62.20696 
!.31044 
124.41392 
155.51740 
186.62088 
217.72437 
248.827H5 
279.93133 


2 


2 ... .... 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 




6 


6 


7 

8 .. 


7 


8 


9 


9 






CUBIC. 


1 Gunter's chain = 
1 sq. statute mile = 
1 fathom 


20.1168 metres. 
259.000 hectares. 
1.829 metres. 
1853.25 metres. 
9.4840158 log. 
453.5924277 gram. 
1 kilogramme. 




Cubic in. 
to cubic 
centi- 
metres. 


Cubic ft. 
to cubic 
metres. 


Cubic 
yards to 
cubic 
metres. 


Bushels 
to hecto- 
litres. 


l . 


16.387 
32.774 
49.161 
65.549 
81.936 
98.323 
114.710 
131.097 
147.484 


.02832 
.05663 
.08495 
.11327 
.14158 
.169SW 
.19822 
.22654 
.25485 


.765 
1.529 
2.291 
3.058 
3.823 
4.587 
5.352 
6.116 
6.881 


.35239 
.70479 
1.05718 
1.40957 
1.76196 
2.11436 
2,46675 
2.81914 
3.17154 


1 na 

1 fO( 

1 av 

15432.3563 1 


utical mil 
>t .30481 


e = 
)1 metre, 
1 = 


2 


ir. pount 
J grains 


3 


4 




6 ... 


7 


8..., 


9 




The only authorized material standard of 
customary length is the Troughton scale be- 
longing to this office, whose length at 59 C .62 
Fahr. conforms to the British standard. The 
yard in use in the United States is therefore 
equal to the British yard. 
The only authorized material standard of 
customary weight is the troy pound of the 
Mint. It is of brass of unknown density, and 
therefore not suitable for a standard of mass. 
It was derived from the British standard 
troy pound of 1758 by direct comparison. The 
British avoirdupois pound was also derived 


from the latter, and contains 7.000 grains troy. 
The grain troy is therefore the same as the 
grain avoirdupois, and the pound avoirdu- 
pois in use in the United States is equal to 
the British pound avoirdupois. 
The British gnllon= 4.54346 litres. 
The British bushel 86^477 litres. 
The length of the nautical mile given above 
and adopted by the United States Coast and 
Geodetic Survey many years ago is defined 
as that of a minute of arc of a great c rcleof a 
sphere whose surface equa s that of the earth 
(Clarke's Spheroid of 1866), 



CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



CONVERTING UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.-CONTINUED. 
METRIC TO CUSTOMARY. 



LINEAR. 


CAPACITY. 




Metres to 
inches. 


Metres to 
feet. 


Metres to 
yards. 


Kilome- 
tres to 
miles. 


Millili- 
tres or cu 
centime- 
tres to fid 
drams. 


Centi- 
litres to 
fluid 
minces. 


Litres 

to 

quarts. 


riffnli, Hecto- 

Jjecailr litre? 

tv#o tn litres 
treo 10 *.j 

gallons. ^^ 


1.... 


39.3700 
78.7400 
118.1100 

i;->7.48(Ki 

190.8500 
236.2200 
275.5900 
314.96(10 
354.3300 


3.28083 
6.56167 
9.84250 
13.128S3 
16.40417 
19.08500 
22.96583 
26.24667 
29.52750 


1.093611 

2.187222 
3.280833 
4.374444 
5.468050 
6.561667 
7.655278 
S.74SW.I 
9.842500 


.62137 
1.24274 
1.86411 
2.48548 
3.10685 
3.72822 
4.34959 
4.97096 
5.59233 


L. .27 
2.. .54 

3. . .81 
4.. 1.08 
5.. 1.35 
6. . 1.62 
7.. 1.89 
8. . 2.16 
9. . 2.43 


.338 

.676 
1.014 
1.353 
1.691 
2.029 
2.367 
2.705 
3.043 


1.0567 
2,1134 
3.1700 
4.2267 
5.2834 
6.3401 
7.39(8 
8.4535 
9.5101 


2.6417 2.8377 
5.2834 5.6755 
7.9251 8.5132 
10.5068 11.3510 
13.2085 14.1887 
15.8502 17.0265 
18.4919 19.8642 
21.1336 22.7019 
23.7753 25.5397 


2 


a 

4. .. 


A 


6 
7.... 


8.... 


9 




SQUARE. 


WEIGHT. 




Square 
centime- 
tres to 
square 
inches. 


Square 
metres to 
square 
feet. 


Square 
metres to 
square 
yards. 


Hectares 
to 
acres. 




Milli- 
grammes 
to 
grains. 


Kilo- 
grammes 
to 
grains. 


Hecto- 
grammes 
to oz. av- 
oirdu- 
pois. 


Kilo- 
grammes 
to Ibs. av- 
oirdu- 
pois. 


].... 


.1550 
.3100 
.4650 
.6200 
.7750 
.9300 
1.0850 
1.2400 
1.3950 


10.764 
21.528 
32.292 
43.055 
53.819 
.61.583 
75.347 
86.111 
96.875 


1.196 
2.392 
3.588 
4.784 
5.980 
7.176 
8.372 
9.568 
10.764 


2.471 
4.942 
7.413 
9.884 
12.355 
14.826 
17.297 
19.768 
22.239 


1.... 


.01543 
.03086 
.04630 
.06173 
.07716 
.09259 
.10803 
.12346 
.13889 


15432.36 
30864.71 
46297.07 
61729.43 
77161.78 
92594.14 
108020.49 

imvvK5 

138891.21 


3.5274 
7.0548 
10.5822 
14.1090 
17.0370 
21.1644 
24.6918 
28.2192 
31.7466 


2.20462 
4.40924 
6.61337 
8.81849 
11.02311 
13.22773 
15.43230 
17.63098 
19.84100 


2 


2 


;j 


3 


4. 


4.. 


5 


5 


6 


6 


7. 




8 .. 


g 


9 


9 






CUBIC. 


WEIGHT Continued. 




Cubic 
centime- 
tres to 
cubic 
inches. 


Cubic 
decime- 
tres to 
cubic 

i nr hex. 


Cubic 
metres to 
cubic 
feet. 


Cubic 
metres to 
cubic 
yards. 




Quintals 
to Ibs. av- 
oirdu- 
pois. 


Milliers 
or tonnes 
to Ibs. av- 
oirdu- 
pois. 


Kilo- 
grammes 
to oz. 
troy. 


1.... 


0.0610 
0.1220 
0.1831 
0.2441 
0.3051 
0.3661 
0.4272 
0.4882 
0.5492 


61.023 
122.047 
Is.-i.OTO 
244.094 
305.117 
366.140 
427.164 
488.187 
549.210 


35.314 
70.629 
105.943 
141.258 
176.572 
211.887 
247.201 
282.516 
317.830 


1.308 
2.616 
3.924 
5.232 
6.540 
7.848 
9.156 
10.464 
11.771 


1... 






220.46 
440.92 
661.39 
881.85 
1102.31 
1322.77 
1543.24 
1763.70 
1984.16 


2204.6 
4409.2 
6613.9 
8818.5 
11023.1 
13227.7 
15432.4 
17637.0 
19841.6 


32.1507 
61.3015 
96.4522 
128.6030 
100.7537 
192.9044 
225.0552 
257.2059 
239 .3507* 


2 


2.. 






3 


3 






4 


4 






5 


5.. 






6 


g 






7 


7 






8 


g 






9 


9 . 















By the concurrent action of the principal 
governments of the world an International 
Bureau of Weights and Measures has been 
established near Paris. Under the direction 
of the International Committee two ingots 
were cast of pure platinum-iridlum In the 
proportion of 9 parts of the former to 1 of the 
latter metal. From one of these a certain 
number of kilogrammes were prepared, from 
the other a definite number of metre bars. 
These standards of weight and length were 
inter-compared, without preference, and cer- 
tain ones were selected as international pro- 
totype standards. The others were distrib- 
uted by lot, in September, 1889, to the different 
governments and are called national proto- 
type standards. Those apportioned to the 
United States were received In 1890 and are in 
the keeping of this office. 



The metric system was legalized in the 
United States in 1866. 

The international standard metre is derived 
from the metre des archives, and its length is 
denned by the distance between two lines at 
centigrade, on a platinum-iridium bar de- 
posited at the International Bureau of 
Weights and Measures. 

The international standard kilogramme is 
a mass of platinum-iridium deposited at the 
same place, and its weight in vacuo is the 
same as that of the kilogramme des archives. 

The litre is equal to a cubic decimetre, and 
it is measured by the quantity of distilled 
water which, at its maximum density, will 
counterpoise the standard kilogramme In a 
vacuum, the volume of such a quantity of 
water being, as nearly as has been ascer- 
tained, equal to a cubic decimetre. 



54 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 1896. 


FARM CROPS. 


[From Clapp & Co.'s Annual Record.] 


TEN CROPS. 


1894. 


1893. 


1892. 


1891. 


1890. 


WHEAT. 


31,882,436 
13.2 
400,267,416 

61.1 
49.1 

6.48 
220,902,025 

28.8 

62.582,269 
22.7 
1,212,770,052 

15.5 

45.7 
8.86 
554,719,162 
36.2 

27.023,553 
24.5 
6(3.036,928 
32.4 
7.95 
214,816,920 

1,944,780 


34.629,418 
11.4 
3i,131,725 

57.1 

53.8 
ti.16 
213.171,381 
26.2 

72,036.465 
22.5 
1,619,46,131 

17 
365 
8.21 
591,625,627 
38.5 

27,273,033 
23.4 
638.854,850 
29.4 
6.88 
187,576,092 

2.038,485 


38,554,000 
13.4 
515,949,000 

55.2 
62.4 
8.35 
322.111,881 

28.2 

70.626,658 
23.1 
1,628,464,000 

196 
:-9.3 
9.09 
642,146,630 
41.8 

27,063.835 
24.4 
f 1.035,000 
31.7 
7.73 
209,253,611 


39,916,897 
15.3 
611,780,000 

47.9 

83.P 
12.86 
513.472,711 
28.2 

76204,515 
2,0:d.l54,OCO 

12.6 
40.6 
10.96 

8,30,439,228 
36.4 

25.581.861 
28.9 
738,394.000 
31.5 
9.08 
232,312,267 




36.087,154 
11.1 
399.26>,GOO 

51.9 

83.8 
9.28 
3S4,773,678 
31.9 

71.970,763 
20.7 
1,489,970,000 

18.2 

50.6 
10.48 
75t.4S3.tal 
45.9 

2K.431.369 
198 
623.631,000 
42.4 
8.40 
222,043,486 


Average yield bushels per acre 


Shipped out of county where grown 








Amount in farmers' hands March l.p. c. 

CORN. 






Shipped out of county where grown 








Amount in farmers' hands March l.p. c. 

OATS. 

Yearly acreage 












RYE. 

Yearly acreage 


Average yield bushels per acre 


13.7 
2o,T27.615 
50.3 
6.89 
13,395,476 

3.170,602 
19.03 
fil.400,465 
449 
8.55 
27,134,127 

789,232 
16.05 
12,663,200 
55.7 
8.92 
7,040,238 

523,103 

40fi.H7S.385 
27,760,739 

2.737,973 
62.3 
170,787,333 
53 
33.06 
91,526,787 

48,321,272 
1.13 
54,874,403 
8.54 
9.66 
468,578,321 

19,737.641 
191.7 
9.750,000 
4.6 
8.81 
223.650.00C 


13.03 
26,555,446 
51.3 
6.66 
13,612,222 

3.220.371 
21.7 

69,869,495 
41.1 
18.91 
28,729,386 

815,614 
14.7 
12,132.211 
58.3 
8.57 
7,074,450 

702,952 
4S3.023.9li3 
39,155,442 

2,605.186 
72.2 
183,034,203 
59 
42.59 
108,661.801 

49,613,469 
1.32 
66.766,153 
8.68 
11.65 
670,882,872 

19,701,385 
182.76 
7,527,211 
6.99 
10.40 
251,6S9,S(M 






#0.000,000 
54.8 


'33.000,000 
77.4 


*-,003,000 
62.9 








16,440,000 


25,542,000 



17,612,000 


BARLEY. 

Yearly acreage 








70.000,000 
47.2 


175,000,000 


$63.000,000 
64.8 


Farm value per bushel 


Value per acre at farm 




33,040,000 


40500,000 



40,824,000 


BUCKWHEAT. 


Average yield bushels per acre 








111,000,000 

53.4 


112,000,000 
57.9 


lll.OOO.CCO 
57.7 


Farm value per bushel 


Value per acre at farm 




5,874,000 


6,948,000 
5 


6,347,000 


TOBACCO. 


Production pounds 














POTATOES. 


2.411,500 
62.2 
1150.000,000 
67.3 
t41.86 
100,950,000 

142,735,042 
1.17 

i,>o,ooo,coo 

6.73 
17.87 
336,500,000 

18,362,000 
167 
6.717,142 
8.4 
114.02 
246,542.901 







Average yield bushels per acre 




Total bushelsgrown 


225.000,000 
37.1 


iiai.000,000 

77.7 




Value per acre at farm 


Farm value of crop 


83,475,000 

141,525,423 
1.18 
149,000,000 
8.39 
19.90 
411,110,000 

20,838,000 
203 
9,038.707 
7.3 
114.81 
297,377.014 


104,895,000 

140.000,000 
1.20 
148,000,000 
7.74 
19.28 
371,520,000 

20910,000 
194 
8,655,518 
8.6 
116.6, 
326,959.124 


HAY. 

Yearly acreage 


Average yield tons per acre 


Total yield in tons 






Farm value of crop 


COTTON. 




(Total yield in bales 


Plantation value per pound 




Plantation value of crop 




201.712,861 
1.854,4-33,795 


212,636,378 
2,012,179,077 


199,763.035 
1,912,859,023 


204.(V'*>,:W 
2,447,176,220 


195,399,'^86 
2,179,412.739 


Total value leading crops 




Cincinnati Price Current estimate. tBased on government value and per cent yield. 
^Computations based on government or Chronicle figures. JNo government report for the year. 
IClapp's estimate. 



THE YEARLY WHEAT YIELD. 



THE YEARLY WHEAT YIELD OF THE WORLD, SINCE 1890, IN BUSHELS. 



COUNTRIES. 



1894. 



1893. 



1892. 



1891. 



1890. 



United States 

France 

India 

Russia and Poland 

Austria-Hungary 

Italy 

Germany 

United Kingdom 

Asia, except India 

Spain 

Roumania 

Caucasus 

South America 

Australasia 

Canada 

Africa 

Turkey and dependencies. 

Bulgaria 

Belgium 

Greece 

Servia 

Portugal 

Netherlands 

Denmark 

S weden and Norway 

Switzerland 

Mexico , 



t435. 149,000 

843.545,391 
258,45S.t>67 
305.000,000 
200,000,000 
122,957.387 
113,500,000 
1165,347,542 
79,000,000 
95,000.000 
43,5*4.142 
64.000.000 

loo.imom 

40.000.000 
4*.000.<)00 
40.000.000 

30.000.000 

22.000.000 
20,000.000 
4.800.000 
5.000.000 
8,000,000 
5,000.000 
5,000,000 
4.400.000 
4.000,000 
10,000,000 



396,132,000 

277,857,0110 

266,896,000 

393,312.798 

200,600.000 

119,695,000 

131.440,000 

52.465,112 

79,000,000 

86,000,000 

59..VW.OW 

68,207.452 

81,644,000 

41,161,000 

41.347,000 

35,514,000 

34,315.000 

26,941,000 

17,500.000 

6,500,000 

6,000,000 

6,000,000 

5,500,000 

5,000,000 

4,406.000 

2.500.000 

9.733,485 



515,949,000 
310,814.000 
206,640.000 
2(56.019,000 
192,183,000 
115,676,000 
116.215,000 
62,621.000 
83.804.000 
78.8'.ii;,ooo 

60.253.IKX) 
71.266,000 
51,292.000 
35,963,000 
48,182.000 
34,464.000 
36.740.000 
40,441.000 
20,748.000 
4,000.000 
5.500.000 
6.100,000 
6.200.000 
5.000.000 
4.960.000 
3,301.000 
10,000,000 



611,780,000 

220.353,000 

256,704,000 

181,527,000 

180,349.000 

141,450,000 

85,750,000 

(7,016,000 

87,907,000 

71,349.000 

45,672,000 

79.000.IXX) 

50,000.000 

;i2.S89.UK) 

60,721.000 

38.723.000 

40,800,000 

40,902,000 

15,560.000 

5,675,000 

5,000,000 

7,000,000 

3.504,000 

4,666,000 

4,741,000 

3.300.000 

12.000,000 



399,262,000 
331,748,810 
228,592,000 
225,621,679 
192,076.962 
126,610,746 
104,020,781 
78,306,016 
72,206,370 
75,530,734 
63,954,240 
56,000.000 
51,271,043 
42.480,131 
39,231,412 
38,915.000 
37.134,720 
25,470,000 
19.573,675 
12.378,240 
10.315,200 
8,252,160 
6,189,120 
5,776.512 
4.368,651 
2.475,648 
12,000,000 



World's crop, yearly 

Exports for year ending June 30 

Seeding requirements 

Acreage in the United States 

Yield per acre 

Average weight per hushel 

Export price lor Vear ending June 30. . . 

Cash price Nov. 28, Chicago 

COB.V: 

United States crop 

Yield per acre 

Exports for year ending June 30 

Cash price Nov. 28, Chicago 

Acreage 

Export price for year ending June 30. 
OATS.- i 

Acreage 

Crop 

Yield per acre 

Cash price Nov. 28, Chicago 

COTTON: 

Crop, bales 

Average weight per bale- 

Acreage 

Pounds per acre , 

Average export price to Aug. 31 

Exports to Sept. 1 

Price of January cotton Nov. 28 



1.742.129 2,465,344,si'.' ,'.:','.i-.V.".'7.(XNl 



2,471, 

165.622,233 
*53.000.000 
33.224,764 
13.1 
58 
.67 



191,916.635 

54,000,000 

34.629,418 

11.4 

57.6 

.79.9 



225.666.311 
55.550,000 
38.554,430 
13.4 
57.5 
1.02 
.72 



(1198.823,800 1,619.494,000 1,665,000.000 



19.7 
63,425,565 

t60>54JK)0 
.46.2 

27,027,575 
662,186.000 
24.5 



*9,300.000 
t497.98 
J20. 107.247 
1-191.7 



5,231.494 
.05.79 



72,036,465 
.3.4 

27,273,033 

638.854.850 
23.4 



*7,527.211 

496.28 

19,701,385 

182.76 

.08.05 

4,402.890 

.O7.a5 



23.1 

73,768.672 

70,626,658 
.55 

25,357,600 

615.000,000 

24.4 

.31 

6.717,142 

499.85 
18.362,000 
167 

.08.7 

5,864,921 
.09.60 



.364,288,000 

106,181.316 

55.550,165 

39,916.897 

15.3 

58.5 

.93.3 

.91% 



060.000,000 1,490.000.000 



,269,761,850 
109,430,466 
51.190,935 
36,087,154 
11.1 
57.2 
.83.2 



27 
30,768,213 

76,204*515 
.57 

25,581,861 

738.000.000 
28.9 



9,017,694 
501.47 
19,948.287 
179 
.10 
5,791.434 



20 7 
32,000,000 

71,973363 
.49 

26,431,000 

523,621,000 

19.8 

.44 

8,674,417 
498.14 
20.483,326 

189 
.10.2 

4.906.000 
.09.27 



*Clapp's estimate, flndicated government estimate. JChronicle estimate, |] J. B. Laws. 

COIN EQUIVALENTS. 
[From Muhleman's Monetary Systems of the World.] 





Dollars 


Shil- 
lings 


Franca 


Marks 


Florins 


Kronen 


Kroner 


RuKle 


Peso 


Rupee 


Dollar (U. S.).... 




4 11 


518 


4 20 


248 


492 


3 73 


1 34 


98 




of 20 shillings.... 
Franc* (Lat-Lnion) 
Mark (Germany).. . 
Florin (Dutch) 


4.86.6 
.19.3 
.23.8 
.40.2 


"".79 
.98 
1.G5 


25,22 

"T.24 

2.09 


20.43 
.81 


12.09 
.48 
.59 


23.97 
.95 
1.17 
1.98 


18.16 
.72 
.89 
1.50 


6.50 
.26 
.32 
54 


4.80 
.19 
.23 
.40 


10.96 
.43 
.54 
% 


Krone (Austria)... 
Krone (Scand.) 
Rublet (Russia).... 
Pesot (Mexico) 


.20.3 
.26.8 
.74.8 
1.01.6 


.83 
1.10 
3.08 
4.18 


1.05 
1.39 
. 3.88 
5.26 


.85 
1.13 
3.15 

4.27 


.50 
.67 

1.86 
2.53 


"T.32 

3.68 
5.00 


.76 

'"2. 79 
3.79 


.27 
.38 

"T.36 


.20 
.26 
.74 


.46 
.60 
1.69 
22!) 


Rupeef (India) 


.44.4 


1.83 


2.30 


1.87 


1.10 


2.18 


1.66 


.59 


.44 





Same as Italian lira, Spanish peseta, Greek drachma, Bulgarian lew. Roumanian lei 
Finnish markka. Servian dinar, Venezuelan bolivar, and 1-5 peso of Spanish America. 
tSilver ruble, peso, rupee, at United States coining rate. 



56 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


SHEEP AND WOOL. 


The number of sheep and number of pounds in the clip for states and years named, com- 
oiled from Commercial Bulletin, Boston, and American Shepherd's Year Book and Govern- 
ment Reports. 


STATES AND TERRITORIES. 


NUMBER OF SHEEP 
JANUARY 1. 


CLIP OF BACH STATE IN 
POUNDS FOR YEAR. 


1895. 


181)4. 


1893. 


1895. 


1894. 


1893. 


Maine 


284,435 
106,233 
226,938 
49,383 
11,279 
37,934 
1,096,560 
50,662 
1,178,795 
12,873 
138.174 
449,357 
357.494 
78.384 
402,946 
110,627 
326.640 
390,904 
178,745 
3,738,117 
212,328 
493,782 
635,535 
1,046,788 
3,577,419 
1,96UM6 
836,217 
857,370 
895,756 
489,192 
627.930 
860,820 
274,883 
183,448 
3,526,341 
2,529,759 
544,077 
1,305,989 
746,546 
323,482 
367,171 
919,865 
2,808,717 
3,008,824 


326,937 
115,471 
280,170 
51,441 
11,279 
39,930 
1,388,051 
57,571 
1,473,494 
12,873 
145,446 
488,432 
376,309 
78,384 
411,169 
112,885 
343,832 
415.855 
184,273 
3,814,405 
228,310 
519,770 
765,705 
1,163,098 
3.765,704 
2,392,617 
972,345 
1,032,976 
1.066,376 
514,939 
775,222 
1,000,953 
323,392 
277,952 
3,918,157 
2,529,759 
544.077 
1.293,058 
691,246 
370,880 
336,960 
779,547 
2,780,908 
2,921,188 


398,704 
135,848 
329,612 
53,032 
12.260 
42,479 
1,492,528 
61,246 
1,637.216 
13,551 
151,506 
498,400 
396,115 
78,384 
432,809 
106,495 
358,158 
477,156 
191,951 
4,334.551 
240,326 
641,427 
841,434 
1,237,338 
4,378,725 
2,518,544 
1,080,383 
1,187,329 
1,198,175 
499,941 
791,043 
1,099,948 
389,627 
272,502 
4,124,376 
2,456,077 
555,181 
1,231,484 
580,879 
390,400 
324,000 
764,262 
2,528,098 
2,730,082 


1,706,610 
743,631 
1,702,035 
296,298 
67,674 
227,624 
6,853,500 
253.310 
7,072,770 
70,801 
690,870 
2,246,785 
1,787,470 
391,920 
1,813,257 
553,135 
1,469,880 
1,954,520 
893,725 
24,297,760 
1.273,968 
2,468,910 
3,495,442 
5,757,334 
19,675.804 
12.749.724 
5,017.302 
5,572,905 
5,374,536 
2.935.152 
4,395,510 
5,164,920 
2,199.064 
1,651.032 
24,684.387 
20,238,072 
4,352,616 
9,141,923 
6.718,914 
2,021,762 
2,203,026 
6,897,637 
18,256,660 
14,291,914 


1,961,622 
808,297 
2,101,275 
308,646 
67,674 
239,580 
8,675,319 
287,855 
8,840,964 
70,801 
727,230 
2,442,160 
1,881,545 
391,920 
1,850,261 
564,425 
1,547,244 
2,079,275 
921,365 
24,7aS,632 
1,369,860 
2.598,850 
4,211.377 
6,397,039 
20,711,372 
15,552,011 
5.834,070 
6,714,344 
6,398,256 
3.089.634 
5,426,554 
6,005,718 
2,587,136 
2,501,568 
27,427.099 
20,238,072 
4,352,616 
9,051,406 
6,221.214 
2,318,000 
2,021,760 
5,846,603 
18,075,902 
13,875,643 


2,790,928 
1,086.784 
2,636,896 
318.192 
73,560 
212,395 
10,447,696 
306.230 
11,460.512 
67,755 
606.024 ! 
2,472,000 
1,980,575 
391,920 
1.731.236 
532,475 
1,432,632 
1,862,9:5(5 
959.755 
26,007,306 
1,682,282 
3,248,562 
4,207,170 
7,424.028 
21,893,625 

5,948,106 

7,123,914 








Rhode Island 




New York 


New Jersey 


Pennsylvania 




Maryland 


Virginia 


North Carolina 


South Carolina 












Texas 










Ohio 


Michigan 








7.189.050 
2,999,646 

4,746,258 

2,727!888 

1.907.514 














26.808,444 




19,648.616 
4,441,448 
8,620,388 

5,808,790 
2.342,400 
1,944,000 
5,319,834 
17,696,686 
13,650,400 








North Dakota 


South Dakota 








Utah 


2,039,226 

748,857 
1,222,538 

22,778 


1,905,819 
832,063 
1,198,567 
18,222 


2,117,577 
823,825 
1,198,567 



13,254,969 
5,241.999 
10,391,573 
159,446 


12,387,823 
5,824,441 
10.187.820 
127,554 


14,823,039 

<;,590,600 
9,588,536 






Oklahoma 


Total 


42.294.0fc 


45,048,0171 47,273,55; 


270,680,076 


287,914.832 


299.752.666 


The total number of sheep in the United States and total wool clip, importations, spindles, 
and Boston and London sales for years named: 




1895. 


1894. 


1893. 


1892. 


1891. 


The American flock, Januar 
The total American clip of v 
The total foreign wool impo 
Per cent of foreign consume 
No. of new textile plants rei 
Boston receipts Domestic.. 


y 1 


42,294,064 
270,680,076 


45,048,017 
54,914.832 
*119,765,721 


47,273,553 
304.152,666 
172,433,838 
35.7 
27.9 
504.319 
120,893 
107.207,000 
25,574,900 
1,775,000 
299.000 
60.75 
125,995,500 

.08^ 


44,938,000 
333,018,405 
148,670.652 
33.1 
35.6 
629,440 
191,136 
137,749,700 
42,697.900 
1,835.000 
291.000 
58.32 
123,988,420 


43.431,136 
303,401.507 

' 30.8 


ool Ibs. 
rted Ibs. 


d in U.S... 




orted 




263 
581,304 
102,366 

138.640,284 
27,281,500 
1,896.000 
256.000 
56.89 
120,275,280 

.07^ 






545,230 
163,116 
115,827,159 
32,328,300 
1,683.000 
322.000 
65.61 
131,545,620 

.09 






Boston sales Domestic Ibs. 








.London sales Australian bales 
Cape bales 
Average value per bale, 3 
Value In dollars 




Value good, greasy Australian, Dec. 
31 per Ib. 




*75,170,314, free of duty. 





FARM ANIMALS AND STATISTICS OF TOBACCO. 



57 



FARM ANIMALS IN THE UNITED STATES, YEARLY, JANUARY 1. 



Mules. 



Milch Cows. 



Other Cattle. 



Sheep. 



Swine. 



1878.. 
1S71I.. 
1880.. 
1881., 



.. 
IX*. 

1887. 



1890. 
1891. 

1S92. 

K. 
is'.u. 
18%., 



10.329,700 
10.93.S.700 
11,201.800 
11,429,626 
10,521.5*4 
10.838.111 
1U69.6X3 
11,564.572 
U077.657 
12,496,744 
13.172,936 
13,663,2;>4 

14,218,837 
14,056,750 
15.498,140 
lrt.20H.802 
16,081.139 
15.SiW.H18 



1.637,500 
1,713,100 
1.729.5IX) 
1.720,731 
1,835.160 
1,871.079 
1.914.126 
1,972,569 
2,052,593 
2,117.141 
2,191,727 
2,257.574 
2.331.027 
2.291.532 
2.314.699 
2,331.128 
2,352,231 
2,333,108 



11.300,100 
11,826,400 
12.027.000 
12,368,653 
12.611,632 
13,125,085 
13,501,206 
13.904,722 
14,235,388 
14.522.083 
14.856.414 
14.211S.ltt5 
15.952.8-vS 
10.019,591 
16,41<S51 
16,42*087 
16.487,403 
16.504,629 



19,223,300 
21,408,100 
21,231.000 
20,937.702 
23.280,238 
28.046,077 
29.046.101 
29,836,573 
31.275.242 
33,511,750 
34.378,363 
35.tti2.417 
36.849.024 
36.875.IV48 
37.651,239 
35,954,196 
36.608,168 
34,364,316 



35,740,500 
38,123.800 
40.765.9IX) 
43.576.899 
45.016.224 
49.237,291 
50,626.626 
50,360.24," 
48.3r2.SU 
44.759.314 
43,544,755 
42,599,079 
44,336.072 
43,431.136 
4,93S,365 
47,253,553 
45 MX.017 
42,294,064 



32,262,500 
34,766,200 
34,034,100 
36,227.603 
44.122,200 
^.270,086 
44,200,893 
45.142,657 
4t!,092,043 
44.612,836 
44,346,525 
50,301.592 
51.602,780 
50,6.'5.106 
6-J.398.019 
4(i.094.807 
45.206.498 
44,165.176 



A comparison of the numbers and value for two years past Is presented, as follows: 



STOCK. 



NUMBER. 



1894. 



1895. 



Increase (+) 

or 
decrease (). 



AGGREGATE VALUE. 



1894. 



1895. 



Increase 



Horses 

Mules 

Milch Cows 

Oxen and other 

cattle 

Sheep 

Swine 

Total... 



16,081,139 
2.352,231 
16,487,400 

36,608,168 
45,048.017 

45.206.4U8 



15,893,318 
2.333.108 
16,504,629 

34,364,216 

42,294.084 
44,165,716 



187,821 
19,123 
+17,229 

-2,243,952 

2.753,953 
1,040,782 



$769,224,799 
146,232.811 
358,998,661 

53<?,789.747 

89.1S6.110 
270.384,626 



1576,730,580 
110,927,834 
362,601,729 

482,999,129 
66,<>S5,767 
219.501,267 



-$192,494,219 
-35,301,977 
+3,003,068 

53,790.618 
-22.500,343 
-50.883,359 



2,170,816.754 



1.819.446.306 



-351,370,448 



The changes In value per head are also shown, as follows: 



STOCK. 



VALUE PER 
HEAD. 



1894. 1895 



Increase 

or 
decrease. 



STOCK. 



VALUE PER 
HEAD. 



1894. 1895 



Increase 
or 

decrease. 



Horses 

Mules 

Milch cows. 



$47.83 
62.17 
21.77 



$36.29 
47.55 
21.97 



-$11.54 

14.62 

+.20 



Oxen and other 

cattle 

Sheep 

Swine 



$14.C6 
1.98 



$14.06 



1.58 

4.97 



-$0.00 



.40 
1.01 



STATISTICS OF TOBACCO. 
Crop In 1867, 1881, 1884, 1888, and 1894. 



STATES. 



1867. 



1881. 



1884. 



1888. 



1894. 



Arkansas 

Connecticut 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucky 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Missouri 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania 

Tennessee 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

All other 

Total 



Pounds. 

1,739,000 

6,664,000 
15,792,000 

7,385,000 
40.000,000 
22,472.000 

3,619,000 
11,657,000 

8,743,000 
40,212.000 
10,749.000 

4.712.000 
40.988.000 
90.0^)0.000 

2,100.000 
100.000 

6,792.000 



Pounds. 

979,922 
13.763,759 
3,346,195 
7,719,373 
163.037,700 
25,869,218 
5,000.964 
12,233,959 
6,291,217 
24,827.532 
35.419.913 
a8,805.G61 
22,157.300 
77.649,854 
2.066,531 
8,702,770 
2.008,146 



Pounds. 
1,111,000 

9,481,000 

3,944.000 

9,318.000 
208,692,000 
31.255.000 

3,715.000 
15,810,000 

8,162,000 
34.858.000 
29,349.000 
34,143,000 
31,392.000 
99.763,000 

2,343,000 
14.3W.OOO 

3,808.000 



Pounds. 

1,156,000 

9.603.000 

2.947.000 
16.1SS.01X) 
283,306.0011 
14,017,009 

3,893.000 
13,109,000 

6,488.000 
25,755,000 
35,195,000 
24,1M),OUI 
45,641,000 
64.aS4.000 

4,496,000 
12.846.000 

2,976,000 



Pounds. 
1,195,908 
10.176,908 
1,790,980 
3,841,952 
18.",.61S,42f 
7,010,380 
3,449,655 
8,296,749 
6.934,620 
42,043,620 
32.468,938 
26.228,089 
26,724.000 
IS5.593.984 
2,634,585 
14,669,592 



313.':24.0IIO| 449.SSI 1.014 



541 .504.000 565.795.000 4O;.f,- --.:;-: 



r,s 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMAXAC FOR 1896. 



COTTON STATISTICS. 
The production and distribution of cotton in the United States in bales of 500 pounds. 



1894-95. 



1893-94. 



1892-93. 



1891-92. 



1890-91. 



Acreage in the United States 

Yield per acre in pounds 

Average weight per bale 

Crop in bales 

Crop of Sea Island cotton 

Consumption of Sea Island cotton 

Exports Sea Island, year ending August 31 

Foreign cotton imported, in pounds 

Value foreign cotton goods imported, in dollars 

Consumption of northern spinners 

Consumption of southern spinners : 

Total consumption 

Exports to Great Britain 

Exports to France 

Exports to Channel '. 

Exports to other foreign countries 

Exports to Canada by rail 

Total all exports 

Spindles in northern states 

Spindles in southern states 

value exports of cotton manufactures, dollars. . 
Plantation value U. S. cotton crop, in dollars.... 



19,737.000 

191.7 

497.98 

9,750,2al 



19,701,000 
182.76 
497.98 
7,54'..817 
61.052 
24,345 
37,333 



2,946,077 

3,443,574 

774.476 

2,500,911 



22,346,479 

1,675.000 

723.329 



18,362,000 

167 

499.85 

6,711,365 

45,422 

22,911 

22,548 

43.367,952 



90,316 

6,818,277 



2,761.306 
588.145 
138,018 

1,744,025 



5.2S7.SS7 
13,550.000 
2,291.064 



.. 
1,950.000 

733.701 
2,683.701 
2,332,665 

548,407 

70,759 
1,451,059 

58,971 
4.402.S90 
13,475.000 
2.1fi6,023 



20,838,287 

203 

498.78 

9,035,379 

59,171 

32,093 

27,568 

28,663,769 

' 2,025,666 

681,471 

2.706,471 



14,340.6831 11.809.355 



692.304 
79.324 

1,762,785 
76,580 

5.S64.921 
13,275,001) 

2.002.8f 
13,226.277 



20,483.325 

194 

499.84 

8,655,518 

68,118 

26.651 

39.116 

20,908,817 

' '1,925,666 
605.916 
2,530,916 
3,319,004 
561.246 
82.010 
1,828.374 
68,367 
5.791.434 
12.925,000 
1.856.000 
13.472.85' 



228,0X1000 251,689,804,246,542,901 297,377.014 326,959,124 



There are 119 plants employing nearly $13,000,000 in capital in manufacture of cottonseed oil 
and cake; 13 establishments engaged in cotton cleaning; 52 in compressing; 1.637 in ginning; 905 
in the manufacture of cotton goods; 3 of cotton ties; 31 handle cotton waste. The 2,641 con- 
cerns aggregate a capital of 365,957,844; they employ 232.802 hands, and pay out for wages 
annually $711711,162. Fall River employs $20,478,000, which nets 5 to 8*4% in dividends. 



RECEIPTS'AND EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENT, 1864-1895. 
REVENUE BY FISCAL YEARS. 



Customs. 



Internal 
Revenue. 



Sales of 
Public 
Lands. 



MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES 



Prem's on 
Loans and 

Sales of 
Gold Coin. 



OtJier Mis- 
cellaneous 
Items. 



Total 

Revenue. 



Excess of 
Revenue 
Over Ordi- 
nary Ex- 
penditures 



1864. 

I,-!',-.. 

1866. 

is'-,:. 

1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1*77. 

1K7S. 

1879. 
1880. 

1881. 

1SS2. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 



. 

1890. 
1891. 

1S!. 
1S93. 
1SH4. 
189;.. 



$102,316,153 
84,928,261 
179,046,652 
176,417.811 
164.464,600 
180,048,427 
194,533,374 
206,270,408 
216,370,287 
188,089,523 
163,103.834 
157,167,722 
148.071,985 
130.956,493 
130,170,680 
137,250,048 
186,522,065 
198,159,676 
220,410,730 
214,706,497 
195,067,490 
181,471,939 
192.9(15,023 
217,286,893 
219,091,174 
223,832,742 
229.668.584 
219.528.205 
177.452.964 
203.355.017 
131.818,681 



$109,741,134 
209,464,215 
309,226.81" 
266.027,537 
191,087,589 
158,356,461 
184,899,756 
143,098,154 
130,642,178 
113,729,314 
102,409,785 
110.007,494 
116,700,732 
118,630,408 
110,581,625 
113.561. HI 1 
124.009,374 
135.2114,386 
146,497,595 
144,720,369 
121,586,073 
112,498,726 
116.805,936 
118.823,391 
124.296,872 
130.881,514 
142.WJ6.70:. 
145.686.249 
153,971.072 
161,027.624 
147,111,232 



$475.649 

1,200,573 

1,974,754 

4,200.234 

1,788. 146 

765,686 

229,103 

580,355 



315,255 



93,799 



31 

1,517 
160,142 
108,157 
70,721 

' 103,246 
32,892 
1,566 



143,421,672 



$588.333 
996,553 
665,031 
1,163,576 
1,348,715 
4.020.344 
3.350.482 
2.3SS.647 
2,575.714 
2.882,312 
1,852.429 
1,413,640 
1,129,467 
976,254 
1,079,743 
924,781 
1,016,507 
2.201.8(13 
4,753,140 
7,935,864 
9,810.705 
5,705.9% 
5.630.999 
9,254.2Sd 
11,20-2.017 
8,0:i8,6V2 
6,358.272 
4,029.535 
3,261.876 
3.1.82,090 
1,673,637 
1,103,347 



$21.174,101 
11,683,447 

38,083,056 
27.7S7.330 
29,203,629 
13,755,491 
15.295,644 
8.892.840 
9,412,638 
11,560,531 
5.037,665 



4,029,481 
405,777 
317,102 

1,505,048 
110 



$30,331,401 
25,441,556 
29.036.314 
15,037,522 
17,745,404 
13,997,339 
12,942,118 
2-2,093.541 
15,106,051 
17,161,270 
17,075,043 
15,431,915 
17.456,77(1 
18,031,655 
15,614,728 
20.583,697 
21.978,525 
25,154,851 
31.703.64o 
30.796.r.95 
21,984,88:.' 
24,014,05? 
20.989.528 
26.005,815 
24,674,446 
24,297.151 
24.447,419 
23,374,457 
20.251.872 
18,253,898 
17.118.618 
16,706,438 



$264,626,772 
333,714,605 
558,032,620 
490,634,010 
405,638,083 
370.9 43.7 47 
411,255,478 
3S3.323.94-) 
374.106.868 
333,738,205 
289.478.755 
288.lXXJ.ail 
287,482.039 
269.000.587 
257,763,879 
273,827.181 
333,r.26.611 
360.782.293 
403,525.259 
398.2S7.5S> 
348.519.870 
323,690.706 
336.439,727 
371.403,278 
379.266.075 
387.050.059 
403.1I80.9K! 
392,612.447 
354,397.784 
385.818.629 
297,722.019 
313,390.075 



1800696^70 

' 963,84(1,619 
37,223,203 
133,091.335 
28.297.798 
48.078,469 
101,601.917 
91,146.757 
96,588,905 
43,392,959 
2,344,882 
13.376.658 
29.022.242 
30.340.578 
20.799,552 
6,879,301 
65.883,653 
100,0<i9,405 
145.543.811 
132,879.444 
104.393.626 
63,463,771 
93.956.589 
103.471,098 
111,341.274 
87.701,081 
85,040.272 
26,838,542 
9,914,454 
2,341,674 
42.8(>5.223 
'69.803,260 



RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENT. 



'EXPENDITURES BY FISCAL YEARS. 



CIVIL AND MISCELLANEOUS 



Prem. on 
ns.Pur- 
cJia.se of 
Bonds, etc. 



Other Civil 
and Mis- 
cellaneous 
Items. 



War 
Depart- 
ment. 



Navy 
Depart- 
ment. 



Indians. 



Pensions. 



Interest 

on Public 

Debt. 



TotalOrdi- 
nary Ex- 
penditures 



. 
isoo. 

IS67. 



1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1870. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 



$1,717,900 
58,477 

10,813,349 
7,001,151 
1,674,630 

15.990.550 

9,010,795 
6,958.267 

5.1(15.920 

1,395,074 



2,795,320 
1,061,249 



1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 



S.270,S42 
17,292,303 
20,3i>4.244 
10,401,221 



$27,505,5<)9 
43,047,"- 
41,056,952 
51,110,224 
53,009,868 
56,474,062 
53.237,462 
60.481.916 
6!),98 1,757 
73,328,110 
69,641,593 
71,070,703 
(50.958.374 

50.252.007 

53,177,704 
65,741.555 
54,713,530 
64,416,325 
57,219,751 
OS,07S,022 
70,920.434 
87,494,258 
74.106,930 
85.204,826 
72,952,201 
80,664,064 
81,403.250 
110,048,107 



108,782,799 

101,943.730 
93,279,730 



$690,791.843 
:7i658 1,031,323,361 
284,449,702 
95,224,416 
123,246,649 
78,501,991 
57,655,675 
35.799,992 
35,372,157 
46,323,138 
42,315,927 
4 1.1 20/46 
3S.070.8S9 
37,082,736 
32.154,148 
40.425,661 
38,116,916 
40,466,461 
43,570,494 
48,911,383 
39.429.603 
42,670,578 
34,324,153 
38.561.026 
38.522,436 
44,435,271 
441582:838 
48,720,005 
46,895,45fi 
49,611,773 
54.567.930 
51.804,759 



$85,725,995 
122,612,945 
43,324,119 
31,034,011 
25,775,503 
20,OOJ,758 
21,780,230 
19,431,027 
21,249,810 
23,526,257 
30,932.587 
21,497,626 
18,963.310 
14,939,935 
17,365.301 
15,125,127 
13,536,985 
15.686,672 
15,032,046 
15.2S.V137 
17,292,601 
16,021,080 
13,907,888 
35,141,127 
16,926,438 
21,378,809 
22,006,206 
26,113,896 
29,174,139 
30.136,084 
31.701,294 
28,797.795 



$2,629,859 
5,116,837 
3,247,005 
4,642,532 
4,100,682 
7,042,923 
3,407,938 
7.426,997 
7,031,729 
7,051,705 
6.1592,162 
8.:3S4.057 
5.9i50.55S 
5.277.1X17 
4.li29,280 
5,206,109 
5,945,457 
6.514,161 
9.73'i,747 
7,362,590 
6,475,999 
6,552,493 
6,099.158 
6,194,523 
6,219,308 



$4.98:3,924 
16,SB,811 
15,605,352 

20,9:!6.552 
2:{,72.:lS7 
28.476,662 
28,310,202 
34,4413,895 
28.5)33,403 
29,359,427 
29,0:38,415 
29.456,216 
2S.257.39ii 
27,963,768 
27,137,019 
35,121,482 
56,777,174 
50,059,280 
61,345,194 
66,012,574 
55. I29.22S 
56,102,267 
63,404,864 
75,029,102 



6,708.04 
8,5*7,469 
11,150,578 
13,345,347 
10.293,482 
9,939,754 



87,624,779 
100,930,855 
124,415,951 
134.583,053 
159.357,585 
141,177,285 
141,395,228 



$53,685,422 
77,397,712 
133,067,742 
143,781,592 
140,424,046 
130,694,243 
129,235,498 
125,576,566 
117,357,840 
104,750,688 
107,119,815 
103,093,545 
100,243.271 
97,124,512 
102,500,875 
105,327.949 
95,757,575 
82,508.741 
71,077,207 
59,160,131 
54,578,378 
51,386,256 
SO,. 7 * (.146 
47,741,577 
44,715,007 
41.001,484 
315.099.284 
37,547,135 
23,378,116 
27,264,392 
27.841,406 
30,978,030 



$885,322,642 

1,297,555,224 
520.809.417 
357,542,675 
377,340,285 
322,865.278 
309,653,561 
292,177,188 
277,517,963 
290,345,245 
287,133.873 
274,623,393 
258,459,797 
238.660,009 
236,984,327 
206.947,883 
207.612.958 
260.712,888 
257.981,440 
205,408,138 
244.126,244 
2<i0.220.'.K5 
242.4S3.138 
207.932,180 
887,984,801 
229,288,978 
318,040,711 
305,773,905 
345,023,330 
3813,477,964 
365, 195,298 
356,195,298 



* Expenditures In excess of revenue. 

TOTAL AND PER CAPITA RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES 
Of the United States from customs and internal revenue, 1890 to 1894, inclusive. 



RECEIPTS. 


1890. 


1891. 


1892. 


1893. 


1894. 


Total. 


Per 

cap. 


Total. 


Per 
cap. 


Total. 


Per 
cap. 


Total. 


Per 
cap. 


Total. 


Per 

cap. 


Distilled spirits (int.) 
Liquors (customs). . . 
F armented liquors 
(internal) 


$81,687,375 
8,518,081 

26.008.535 

110 ''13 'HI! 


1.333 
.139 

.424 
1 896 


$83,335,964 
9,503,327 

28,565,130 
1 9 1 404 421 


1.331 
.152 

.456 

1 't'! 1 ! 


$91,309,984 
8,840,501 

30.037,453 
130 187 938 


1.427 
.138 

.470 
2 035 


$94,720,261 
9,256,617 

32,548,983 
1'30 )'") SOI 


1.448 
.142 

.498 
2 088 


$85,259,252 
6,930.244 

31,414,788 


1.276 
.104 

.470 


Tobacco (Internal).. . 
Tobacco (customs)... 
Total 


33.95S.991 
13.317.368 


.554 
.217 


32,796,271 
16,172,277 


.524 
.258 


31,000,493 
10.2ti3.ll08 


.485 
.161 


31.SS9.712 
14.S31.990 


.488 
.226 


28,017,899 
13,668,907 


.428 
.205 


47,276.359 


.771 


48,968,548 


.782 


41.265,561 


.646 


46,721,702 


.714 


42.286,806 


.633 


Sugar and molasses. 
Other (internal) 
Other (customs) 
Total 


55,166,703 
951,805 
152.600,433 


.900 
.016 
2.491 


32,505.332 

988,884 
161.341.269 


.519 
.016 
2.576 


126,704 
1,623,143 
158,220.691 


.002 
.025 
2.473 


191,831 

1,868,6(8 
179,074,579 


.003 
.028 
2.7:38 


272,131 
1,819,294 
110,917,249 


.004 
.027 

i.ooo 


208.784.911 


3.407 


194.835,485 


3.111 


159.970,538 


2.500 


181.135,078 


2.769 


113,038,674 


1.691 


Total internal 
Total customs 
Miscellaneous 
Grand total 
EXPENDITURES. 
Civil 


112,000.70'; 
229.1VV8.585 
30.805,692 


2.327 

3.747 
.503 


145.iiS6.249 
.'19.5*2,205 
27,403.993 


2.327 
3.505 
.438 


153.971.073 
177.452,964 

23.513,747 


2.407 
2.774 
.367 


101,027.624 
203.355.017 
21.436,088 


2.402 
3.109 
.328 


147,111,233 
131,818,531 
18.792,255 


2.201 
1.973 
.281 


403,080,983 

23.638,827 
4,917,400 
32,377,615 
467,785 
11,737.438 
15.174,403 
6,831.803 
36,0!I9,284 
10S.93li.855 
52,847.030 


8.577 

.386 
.080 
.528 
.008 
.192 
.248 
.111 
.589 
1.745 
.862 


<592,612,447 

27,143,925 
5,528,708 
35,792,972 
676,466 
12.250,627 
15.504.6SI9 
10,609.197 
37,547.1.35 
124.415.951 
77,375.534 


6.270 

.4313 
.088 
.572 
.011 
.196 
.248 
.169 
.599 
1.987 
1.236 


354,937,784 

25,236,899 
7,240,784 
32,999.685 
878,562 
13.017,208 
15.417,639 
13.756.500 
23,378.116 
131.583.053 
67,364.306 


5.548 

.394 
.113 
.516 
.014 
.203 
.241 
.215 
.306 
2.104 
1.05:! 


385,819,629 

28,233,933 
5,603,101 
34,002.205 
839,732 
14.799.Sili 
15,105,875 
15.030,227 
27.264,392 
159,357,558 
09.895,705 


5.899 

.432 
.065 
.520 
.013 
2->0 
!231 
.230 
.417 
2.436 
1.069 


297,722,019 

26.943,387 
4.926.715 
31,318,631 
361,934 
19.887.362 
15.502,03) 
16,199,259 
27,841,40C 
141,177,285 
70.073,782 


4.455 

.403 
.074 
.513 

.005 
.298 
.232 
.242 
.417 

i'.049 


Buildings 


Army 
Fortifications 


Rivers and harbors. . 
Navy support 
Construction 
Interest 
Pensions 
Miscellaneous 
Total expend! t rs 


291,028.440 


4.749 


346,845,214 


5.539 


33B372.752 


6.818 


370,132,606 


5.659 


357,231,799 


5.346 



60 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


RAILROAD BUILDING. 

[From Poor's Railroad Manual.] 
Number of miles of railroad In operation in each state and territory of the United States dur- 
ing the years ending Dec. 31, 1870, 18SO, and from 1889 to 1894, inclusive. 


STATES AND GROUPS 
OP STATES. 


1870 


1880. 


1889. 


1890. 


1891. 


1892. 


1893. 


1894. 


New England. 
Maine 


786 
736 
614 
1,480 
136 
742 
4,494 


1.005 
1,015 
914 
1,915 
210 
923 
5,977 


1,340.11 
1,123.68 
960.59 
2,082.85 
212.43 
1.010.79 
6,730.45 


1,377.47 
1,146.89 
988.45 
2,096.69 
234.43 
1,006.64 
6,840.57 


1.383.26 
1,144.88 
1,O>1.91 
2,100.32 
223.48 
1,006.54 
6,860.39 


1,101.64 
1,061.33 
995.01 
2,126.69 
223.48 
1.088.54 
6,914,69 


1.515.00 
1,155.88 
986.54 
2,121.26 
227.46 
1,013.22 
7,019.36 


1.621.38 
1,170.38 
975.36 
2,124.76 
225.95 
1,013.22 
7,131.05 


New Hampshire 


Massachusetts 


Rhode Island 


Connecticut 


Total 


Middle Atlantic. 
New York 


3,928 
1,125 
4,656 
197 

671 
10,577 


5,991 
1,684 
6,191 
275 

1,040 
15,181 


7.708.87 
2,035.52 
8,421.82 
314.54 
1,225.19 
20.66 
19.726.60 


7,745.85 
2,052.81 
8,700.58 
314.95 
1,270.04 
20.66 
20,114.89 


7,765.22 
2,132.41 
8,919.98 
320.12 
1,269.44 
20.66 
20,427.83 


8.116.10 
2,201.91 
9,159.45 
314.94 
1,289.44 
20.66 
21,102.50 


8,110.51 
2,176.1C 
9,435.56 
315.44 
1,300.80 
20.66 
21,359.67 


8,148.10 
2,205.05 
9.511.21 
315.44 

1,292.67 
22.66 

21.495.13 


New Jersey .. 


Pennsylvania 


Delaware 




District of Columbia. J 
Total 


Central Northern. 
Ohio 


3,538 
1,638 
8,177 
4,823 
1,525 
14,701 


5,792 
3,938 
4,373 
7,851 
3,155 
25,109 

1,893 
691 
1,486 
1,427 
2,459 
518 
8,474 


7,792.85 
6,918.40 
6,003.76 
9,964.63 
5,477.63 
36,175.27 


7.987.99 
7,103.15 
1,106.19 
10,129.65 
5,614.95 
36.944.93 


8,167.63 
7,187.44 
6,135.25 
10.189.38 
5,785.61 
37,465.31 


8,351.88 
7,440.95 
6,292.12 
10,439.53 
5,927.97 
38,362.45 


8,558.74 
7.492.33 
6,321.07 
10,428.19 
5,970.07 
38,770.40 


8,574.48 

7,474.81 
6,390.56 
10..-*U.90 
6,031.48 
39,036.23 






Illinois 


Wisconsin 


Total 


South Atlantic. 
Virginia 


1,486 
387 
1,178 
1,139 
1,845 
446 
6,481 


3,202.75 
1.327.89 
2,844.13 
2,129.37 
4,268.20 
2,377.55 
16,149.89 


3,367.65 
1,433.30 
3.128.17 
2,296.65 
4.592.83 
2. 439.52 
17,308.12 


3,573.64 
1,547.11 
3,205.46 
2,491.06 
4,870.25 
2,566.87 
18,254.39 


3,576.69 
1,806.19 
3,229.57 
2,545.30 
4,946.39 
2,676.88 
19,781.02 


3,590.99 
1.883.33 
3,353.31 
2,561.72 
5,083.02 
2,840.26 
19,312.63 


3,575.18 

1.976.99 
3,371.25 
2,617.13 
5.140.68 
2,978.74 
19,659.97 


West Virginia . 


North Carolina 
South Carolina 
Georgia 


Florida 


Total 


Gulf and Miss. Valley. 
Kentucky 


1,017 
1,492 
1,157 
990 
450 
5,106 


1,530 
1,843 
1.843 
1,127 
652 
6,995 

3,965 
859 
3,244 

3,400 
1,570 

758 

289 
14,085 


2,776.88 
2,648.20 
3,145.69 
2,379.18 
1,654.09 
12,622.04 


2,946.38 
2,798.98 
3,422.20 
2,470.85 
1,749.95 
13,388.36 


2,962.45 
2.996.20 
3.576.47 
2,440.39 
1,880.01 
13,855.52 


2,997.23 
3,064.26 
3,595.76 
2.448.37 
1,967.09 
14,072.71 


3,051.25 
3.091.43 
3.627.89 
2,459.22 
1,992.81 
14,222.63 


3,029.95 

3.124.28 
3,633.5(5 
2,487.55 
2,067.35 
14,342.69 


Tennessee.. ..... 




Mississippi 




Total 


Southwestern. 


2,000 
256 
711 
1,501 
157 


5,978.41 
2.140.54 
8.49S.31 
8.810.27 
4,097.37 
1,326.28 
1,155.14 
32,006.32 


6,142.02 
2,213.44 
8,709.85 
8,900.11 
4,291.11 
1,388.77 

1,260.65 
32,905.95 


6,178.45 
2,304.95 
8.812.67 
8.890.87 
4,441.33 
1,423.82 
1,272.08 
33,324.17 


6,360.56 
2,310.67 
9,040.73 
8,893.83 
4,451.52 
1,429.57 
1,375.02 

33,861.90 


6,464.30 
2.369.91 
9.184.61 
8,931.28 
4,488.22 
1,439.50 
1,379.14 
34,256.96 


6,517.05 
2,424.05 
9.230 96 
8,872.16 
4,538.86 
1,510.36 

1,334.28 

34,477.72 




Texas 






New Mexico 


Indian Territory ? 




Total 


4,625 


Northwestern. 
Iowa .' 


2,683 
1,092 
705 

65 

459 


5,400 
3,151 
1,953 

1,225 

512 
106 
12,347 


8,43(5.02 
5,482.34 
5,124.20 
J 2,055.73 
} 2.480.92 
950.50 
2,001.19 
25,530.90 


8,416.14 
5,545.35 
5.407.47 
2,116.49 
2,610.41 
1,002.93 
2,195.58 
27,249.37 


8,436.51 

5.670.88 
5.430.49 
2,222.77 
2,699.92 
1,048.71 
2,290.82 
27,800.10 


8,506.00 
5,874,08 
5,524.28 
2,315.24 
2,707.89 
1,150.13 
2,667.87 
28,745.49 


8.513.44 
5,944.58 
5,504.32 
2.517.20 
2,792.15 
1.157.62 
2.721.63 
29.210.94 


8,508.27 
6,039.70 
5.541.36 
2.528.1(5 
2,797.41 
1.177.93 
2.824.61 
29.417.44 


Minnesota 




North Dakota . ) 


South Dakota j 






Total 


5,004 


Pacific. 
California 


925 
159 


2,195 
508 
289 
739 
349 
842 
206 
5,128 


4,202.11 
1.413.H8 
1,705.57 
916.18 
1,094.81 
1,211.73 
929.09 
11,473.17 


4,336.45 
1,455.53 
1,998.65 
923.18 
1,094.81 
1,265.49 
946.11 
12,020.22 


4,484.63 
1,503.52 
2,309.23 
923.18 
1,079.57 
1,335.66 
959.68 
12,613.47 


4,623.65 
1,521.82 
2,722.13 
423.23 
1,161.97 
1,356.59 
1,073.29 
ia382.68 


4.692.39 
1.527.19 
2.837.52 
932.23 
1.161.97 
1,369.08 
1,089.99 
13.601.37 


4.634.89 
1,514.60, 
2,805.15! 
922.62 
1,357.49 
1.394.87 
1,089.49 
13.719.11 




Washington 




593 




Utah 


257 


Idaho 


Total 


1,934 
52:922 


United States 


98,290 


161,396.64 


166,817.41 


170,601.18 


175,223.44 


177,753.36 


179,279.34 



FOREIGN CARRYING TUADK AND FOREIGN IMMIGRATION. 



(il 



FOREIGN CARRYING TRADE. 

Values of the Impprts and exports of the United States carried in American vessels and 
in foreign vessels during each fiscal year for the last twenty years, with the percentage carried 
in American vessels. 



YEAR KXDIXG JUNE 30. 



1866.. 

isc,;.. 



1S71,. 
1S72.. 

is;:>.. 

1874.. 
1ST.-... 
1S76.. 
1S77.. 
1S78.. 
H79.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1SS2.. 



IS-iii.. 

issr.. 



1890.. 

i sin.. 



.. 

1S93.. 

I SHI." 



IMPORTS. 



In American 
Vessels. 



$112.040,395 
11 7.209,538 
122,963,225 
136.802,024 
153,237.077 
163,285,710 

177,286,302 

174.739.8S4 
176.027,778 
157,872.726 
143,380,704 
151,834,087 
146,499,282 
143,599,353 
149,317,368 
133,631,146 
1 30.266,828 
138,002,290 
135,046,207 
112.864,052 
118,942,817 
121,365,4', 
123.525,298 
120,782,910 
124,926,977 
127,471,688 
1*1.139,891 
127.095.434 



108.2CKi.it37 



In Foreign 
Vessels. 



$333.471,763 
300,622,035 
248,659.583 
300,512,2:11 
809,140,510 
363,030,644 
445,416,783 
471,80ii,765 
405,320,135 
382,949,568 
321.139.500 
329,565,833 
:W7.407,565 
310,499,55)9 
503,494,913 
41(1.840.2f.9 
571,517,802 
564,175,576 
512,511,192 
443,513,801 
491,937,836 
543.392.216 
568.222.357 
586.120.881 
623.6rti.134 
676,511,763 
648.535,976 
fi95,184,394 
503.810,334 
590,510,308 



EXPORTS. 



In American 
Vessels. 



$213,671,461! 
180,625,368 
175.016,348 
153,154,748 
199.732,324 
190,3:8.462 
168,0(4,708 
171,566,758 
174.424,216 
156,385,066 
167.686,467 
164.826,214 
166.551,624 
128.425,339 
109.029,209 
118,955,824 
96,962,919 
104,418,210 
98,652.828 
82.001.65)1 
78.406,686 
72.991,253 
(i7.332.175 
83,022.198 
75.382,012 
78,968,047 
81,033,844 
70.670,073 
71.258,893 
60,474.697 



In Foreign 
Vessels. 



$351,754,928 
280,708,3(18 
301.886,491 
285,979,781 
329,786,978 
392.801,932 
393,929,579 
494,915.886 
533.885,971 
501.838,5)49 
492.215,487 
530.354,703 
569,583,564 
600,769.633 
720.770,521 
777,162,714 
641,460.5)67 
694,331,348 
615.287.007 
636.004.765 
581,973,477 
621,802,292 
606,474,964 
630.942,6fiO 
739,594.424 
773.589,324 
916,022.832 
733,132.174 
825,798.918 
687,535,828 



32.2 
33.9 
S5.1 
33.2 
35.6 
31.9 
29.2 
26.4 
27.2 
26.2 
27.7 
26.9 
26.3 
23.0 
17.4 
16.5 
15.8 
16.0 
17.2 
15.3 
15.5 
14.3 
14.0 
14.3 
12.9 
12.5 
12.3 
12.2 
13.3 
11.2 



FOREIGN IMMIGRATION. 
Immigrants arrived in the United States, during the years ending June 30, 1894 and 1895. 



COUNTRIES-. 



1894. 



Male. Female. Total 



1895. 



Malt. Female. Total 



Austria-HungaryBohemia 

Hungary 

Other Austria (except Poland) 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Italy.. 



Netherlands 

Poland 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia (except Poland) 

Finland 

Spain 

Sweden and Norway 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

United Kingdom England. 

Scotland 

Ireland 

West Indies 

South America 

Armenia 

Syria 

China 

Japan 

Australasia 

Hawaiian Islands 

Other countries 

Total... 



1,263 

9,462 

12,822 

14833 

3,061 

2,111 

33,173 

1,309 

311,139 

1,768 

947 

1,089 

432 

19,407 

1,385 

613 

14.590 

2,066 

199 

17.671 

4,011 

14,749 

407 

301 

210 

795 

3,734 

853 

496 

304 

406 



2,527 

14,423 

20,563 

2,026 

5,574 

3,653 

59,358 

1,348 

43,964 

2,884 

1.555 

2,069 

805 

35,697 

2,359 

816 

27,365 

3,414 

288 

30,537 

7,231 

33,840 

718 

432 

241 

1,181 

3,937 

906 

753 

460 



781 

10.069 

10,114 

1,004 

2,313 

2.074 

18,992 

574 

26,905 

1.488 

591 

258 

310 

18,038 

1,309 

635 

12,047 

1,543 

146 

19.982 

3,189 

20,257 

483 

265 

200 

1.522 

914 

444 

249 

122 

452 



863 

5,153 

6,429 

586 

1,914 

1,636 

17,2(i3 

31 

10,050 

858 

437 

329 

204 

13,717 

1,128 

253 

10,995 

1.081 

66 

13,772 
2.692 
27,656 
273 
68 
33 
788 
60 
38 
110 
40 
853 



1,664 

15.222 

16.543 

1,590 

4,227 

3,710 

36,255 

605 

36,955 

2,346 

1,028 

587 

514 

31,755 

2,437 

888 

23,042 

2,624 

202 

33,754 

5,881 

47,913 

756 

333 

233 

2.310 

974 

482 

359 

162 



1S4.006 



311.612 



157.270 I 118.866 



276.13(i 



NOTE. The arrivals of immigrants 
gration into the country at ports rep 
America and Mexico an* not inohu'eri i 



above specified comprise about 99 percent, of the 
orting such arrivals. Immigrants from British 
n the above statement. 



immi- 
Nortb 



62 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. 


COUNTRIES. 


Rulers. 


Titles. 


Pop. 


Area. 


Abyssinia 


Menelik II 


Emperor. 


3,000.000 
4,000,000 
4,086,492 
41,231,842 
500,000 
6,262,272 
2.500,000 
2,019,549 
9,930,470 
3,309,81H 
2,915.332 

386.s53.o29 

3.878,600 
14,000.000 
243,205 
250.000 
2,185,335 
1.270,000 
6,817,265 
3S.IU3.192 
49.KS.47I 
29,955.281 
5.594.982 
3.502.684 
1,995.185 
1,657,867 
992,883 
128,495 
271,963 
403,773 
578,342 
97,978 
854,968 
170,864 
206,513 
223,832 
326,091 
62,754 
57,281 
38,104.975 
2,187.208 
1,460.017 
89,990 
960,000 
369,048 
221,172,952 
28.459.fi28 
40,435.461 
700,000 

io.528.arr 

1.0)8.000 
211,088 
3,500,000 
12,056,046 
220.000 
5,000.000 
2.000.000 
4.732,911 
282,845 
1,500,000 
207,503 
480.000 
9.000.000 
2,621,844 
4,708.178 
5,800.000 
118,014,187 
651,130 
34,000 
610,000 
2.256.084 
8.000,000 
409,276 
17,5*55,632 
6,825,067 
2,917,754 
1.500.000 
27,691.600 
62,022.250 
728,447 
2,323,527 


150,000 
300,000 
1,125,086 
249,942 
130,000 
11,373 
92.000 
567,360 
3.209.S7* 
24,360 
293,970 

l,:a7.3os 

504,773 
900.000 
23000 
4,000 
15,289 
12,000 
10.698 
204.092 
208,670 
134,537 
29,282 
5.787 
7,528 
6,822 
2,966 
469 
906 
1,424 
6,135 
1,131 
2,479 
511 
757 
053 
1,388 
120 
433 
120.979 
25,041 
46.000 
6,640 
10,204 
43.000 
964,993 
110,623 
147,655 
22,320 
82.000 
14,360 
998 
228,500 
767,005 
3.630 
219,000 
54.000 
12.648 
49,500 
82.000 
48,326 
98.000 
628.000 
463.747 
34.038 
48.307 
8,660,282 
7,225 
1,701 
18,045 
19.050 
200.000 
119.139 
197,670 
297.321 
15,976 
45,000 
1,147,587 
3,501,000 
72.110 
593,943 


Afghanistan 
Argentina 
Austria-Hungary 


Abdur Khan 
Senor Uriburu 
Franz Josef I 


Ameer 
President 


Emperor 


Beloochistan 


Mir Muhammad 


Khan 
King.. 




Bokhara 


Sayid Abdul Ahad 
M. Baptista 


Ameer 




Brazil 


Prudentide M. Barros 


President 




Ferdinand 
Jorge Montt 


Duke 
President 


Chile 




Tsai T'ien 




Colombia 


M. A. Caro 


President 










Gutbili 


King.... 




Christian IX 


King 










Abbas Hilmi 
M. Felix Faure 
Wilhelm 11 


Khedive 
President 


France 




Prussia 


Wilhelm II 
Otto 


King 


Saxony 
Wurtemberg 


Albert 
Wilhelm 11 
Frederick I 


King 
King 
Grand Duke 
Grand Duke 
Prince 


Baden 


Hesse 
Lippe 


Lud wig 
Waldemar 


Anhalt 




Duke 










Franz III . .... . 


Grand Duke 
Grand Duke 
Grand Duke 
Duke 
Duke 


Mecklenburg-Strelitz 
Oldenburg 
Saxe- Alien burg 
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 


Wilhelm I 
Peter I 
Ernst 
Alfria 


Saxe-Meiningen 
Saxe- Weimar 
Reuss 
Waldeck 


George II 
Karl Alexander 
Heinrich XXII 
Frederick 


Duke... 
Grand Duke 


Prince 


Great Britain and Ireland 


Victoria 


Queen 
King.. 




J M. R. Barrios 




Hawaii 
Haiti 


8. B. Dole 
Hippolyte 
P. Bonilla 


President 


President 




India (British) 
Italy 


Victoria 
Umberto I 
Mutsu Hito 


Empress 
King 
Mikado. 


Khiva 


Syed Mehomed Rahim.... 
Li-Hi 


Khan 


Korea 




J. J. Cheeseman 
Adolf 
Ranavalona 
Porflrio Diaz 
Nicholas I 
Mulai Abdul Aziz 


President 
Duke 
Queen 
President 


Luxemburg 
Madagascar 
Mexico 


Prince 




Nepal. 


M. Dhirag 
Wilhelmina 
S. Zelaya 


Sovereign 
Queen 


Netherlands 




Oman 
Orange Free Stats 


Seyyid Fersal 
F. W. Reitz 


Sultan 
President 




Gen. Egusquiza 
Nasir-ed-DIn 
Gen. Caceres 
Carlos I 
Carol I 


President 
Shah 
President.... 


Persia 
Peru 
Portugal 


King 
King 




Nicholas II 




Salvador 
Samoa 


R. A. Gutierrez 
Malietoa 


President 
King 


Santo Domingo 
Servia 


U. Heureaux 
Alexander I 
Chulalongkorn I 


President.... 


King 
King 


Siam 


South African Republic 
Spain 
Sweden and Norway 




President 


Alfonso XIII 
Oscar II 
J. Zemp 
Sidi An 


King 
King 
President 


Switzerland 
Tunis .... 


Bey 


Turkey 


Abdul Hamid II 
Grover Cleveland 
1. Borda 
Gen. Crespo 


Sultan 
President 
President 
President 


United States 
Uruguay 
Venezuela 



QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFB'RAGE. 63 


QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE. 






PREVIOUS 












RESIDENCE 




j 








REQUIRED. 


g 









Requirements as to 










2 


1 


Excluded from 


STATE. 


Citizenship. 




_i 




2 


I 


01 

- 


Voting. 






K 


Is 


= 


1 


3 


I 








M 


a 






0> 










5: 


i 


1 


I 


w 


1 




Alabama 


Citizens, or alien who has 


iy. 


im 


iOd 


iOd 


Yes. 


Yes. 


If convicted of treason, em- 




declared his intentions; 














bezzlement of pu blic f u nds. 




must exhibit poll-tax re- 














malfeasance in office or 




ceipt. 














other penitentiary offenses, 


















diots or insane. 


Arkansas 


Like Alabama 


if- 


ini 




jod 


No- 


Yes. 


[diots, insane, convicts 


















until pardoned. 


California 


Citizens by nativity; nat- 


iy. 


X)d 




Wd 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Chinese, insane, embezzlers 




uralized for 90 days or 














of public moneys, convicts. 




treaty of Quaretaro. 
















Colorado 


Citizens, or alien who has 


G in 


.Kid 


Wd 


IOd 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Persons under guardian- 




declared his intention 4 














ship, insane, idiots, prison- 




months before offering to 














ers. 




vote; unlimited woman suf- 


















frage. 
















Connecticut.. 


Citi zens who can read 


iy. 




Jin 




Yes. 


Yes. 


Convicted of felony or 


















other infamous crime. 


Delaware 


Citizens and pay ing co. tax; 


iy. 


1 in 




15(1 


No.. 


Yes. 


Insane, idiots, felons, pau- 




limited woman suffrage. 














pers. 


Florida 


Citizens or alien who has 


i y- 


\ in 






Yes. 


No.. 


Persons not registered, in- 




declared his intention and 














sane or under guardian, 




paid capitation tax 2 years; 














felons, convicts. 




women at school elections. 
















Georgia. 


Citizens who have paid all 


1 y. 


'mi 






(a) 


No.. 


Persons convicted of crimes 




taxes since 1877. 














junishable by imprison- 


















ment, insane, delinquent 


















taxpayers. 


! Idaho 


Citizens; limited woman 


(i 111 


Kiel 






Yes. 


No.. 


Chinese, Indians, insane. 




suffrage. 














Felons, polygamists, biga- 


















mists, traitors, bribers. 


Illinois 


Citizens; women at school 


Iy. 


Kid 


SOd 


iOd 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Convicts of penitentiary 




elections. 














iintil pardoned. 


Indiana 


Citizens, or alien who has 


ti 111 




10 d 


SOd 


No.. 


Yes. 


Convicts and persons dis- 




declared intention and re- 














qualified by judgment of a 




sided 1 year in U. S. and 6 














court. 




months in state; limited 


















woman suffrage. 
















Iowa 


Citizens ; 


i; MI 


sod 






(h) 


Yes. 


[diots, insane, convicts. 


Kansas 


Citizens; aliens who have 


6m 


:ii:i 


Wd 


V)'d 


(b) 


Yes. 


[nsane, persons under guar- 




declared intention; women 














dianship, convicts, bribers, 




vote at municipal and 














defrauders of the govern- 




school elections. 














ment and persons who have 


















aorne arms against the U.S. 


Kentucky 


Citizens; limited woman 


iy. 


; 111 


50 d 


iOd 


(0 


No.. 


Treason, felony, bribery, 




suffrage. 














diots, insane. 


Louisiana 


Citizens, or aliens who have 


ly. 


i in 


Wd 


!0d 


Yes. 


No.. 


[diots, insane, all crimes 




declared intention. 














punishable by imprisonm't. 


















jmbezzling public funds. 


Maine 


Citizens 


:> in 


Jm 


8m 


Sm 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Paupers, persons ' under 


















guardianship, Indians not 


















;axed, persons who cannot 


















ead and write. 


Maryland 


Citizens 


iy. 


6m 






Yes. 


Yes. 


Persons convicted of lar- 


















ceny or other infamous 


















crime, persons under guar- 


















dianship, insane, idiots. 


Massachus'ts. 


Citizens who can read and 


iy. 




im 


tOd 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Paupers (except U. S. sol- 




write English; women al- 














diers), persons under guar- 




lowed to vote for school 














dianship. 




committees. 
















Michigan 


Citizens: women vote at 
school elections. 


3 in 




10 d 


IOd 


Yes. 


Yes. 


[ndians holding tribal rela- 
tions, duelists and their 


















abettors. 


Minnesota . . . 


Citizens and aliens who 


4m 


10(1 


10 d 


IOd 


(d) 


Yes. 


Treason, felony unless par- 




have declared intention; 














doned, insane, persons un- 




civilized Indians; women 














der guardianship, uncivil- 




can vote at school elections 














ized Indians. 


Mississippi. . . 


Citizens who can read or un- 


2y. 


ly. 


iy- 


iy. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


tnsane, idiots, felons, de- 




derstand the constitution. 














linquent taxpayers. 


(<i) Registration required in some counties, (b) In all cities, (c) In the cities of first, second 
I and third class. (d) Required in cities of 1,2UO inhabitants or over. 



64 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE. CONTINUED. 


STATE. 


Requirements as to 
Citizenship. 


PREVIOUS 
RESIDENCE 
REQUIRED. 


Registration. 


Ballot Reform. 


Excluded from 
Voting. 


! 

r /3 


County. 


w 


S 

1 


Missouri 

Montana 
Nebraska 

Nevada 
N.Hampshire 
New Jersey.. . 

New York 

K. Carolina . . 
N. Dakota 

Ohio 


Citizens, or alien who has 
declared his intention not 
less than 1 nor more than 5 
years before offering to 
vote. 

Citizens; women can vote 
at school elections. 
Citizens, or alien who has 
declared his intention 30 
days before election; lim- 
ited woman suffrage. 
Citizens 

Citizens; women can vote 
at school elections. 

Citizens; limited woman 
suffrage. 

Citizens who have been 
such for 10 days. 

Citizens 

Citizens or aliens who have 
declared intention 1 year 
and Indians who nave 
severed tribal relations; 
limited woman suffrage. 
Citizens 

Citizens, or aliens who have 
declared intention 1 year 
before election; limited 
woman suffrage. 
Citizens at least 1 month, 
and if 22 years old must 
have paid tax within 2 yrs. 
Citizens 


ly. 

iy. 

M ni 

c> in 
(> in 
iy. 

iy. 

ly. 
iy. 

iy. 

6m 

iy. 
*y 


50 d 

iOfl 
40 rt 

iOcl 

; in 
"> in 

4 m 

!W(I 
M 111 

;:0d 
!X)d 


X)d 




(a) 

Yes. 
(ft) 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 

Yes. 
(0 

(d) 
No.. 

Yes. 

(e) 
Yes 

(/) 

(0) 
(W 


Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 

No- 
Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes 

Yes. 
Yes 
No.. 
Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes. 


U. S. soldiers or sailors, 
paupers, persons convicted 
of felony or other infamous 
crime or misdemeanor or 
violating right of suffrage 
unless pardoned; second 
conviction disfranchises. 
Indians, felons, idiots, in- 
sane. 
Lunatics, persons convicted 
of treason or felony unless 
pardoned, U. S. soldiers 
ind sailors. 
Insane, idiots, convicted of 
treason or felony, un- 
amnestied confederates 
against the U. 8. 
Paupers (except honorably 
discharged soldiers), per- 
sons excused from paying 
;axes at their own request. 
Paupers, insane, idiots and 
persons convicted of crimes 
which exclude them from 
being witnesses unless par- 
doned. 
Sonyicted of bribery or any 
infamous crime unless sen- 
tenced to the reformatory 
or pardoned, bettors on re- 
sult of election, bribers for 
votes and the bribed. 
Idiots, lunatics, convicted 
of felony or other infamous 
crimes, U. S. soldiers and 
sailors. 
Felons, idiots, convicts un- 
less pardoned, U. S. soldiers 
and sailors. 

Idiots, insane, U. S. soldiers 
and sailors, felons unless 
restored to citizenship. 
Idiots, insane, convicted 
felons, Chinese, U. S. sol- 
diers and sailors. 

Persons convicted of some 
offense forfeiting right of 
suffrage, non-taxpayers. 
Paupers, lunatics, idiots, 
conyicted of bribery or in- 
f'mous crime until restor'd. 
Paupers, insane,idiots,con- 
victed of treason, dueling 
or other infamous crime. 
Persons under guardian, 
idiots, insane, convicted of 
treason or felony unless 
pardoned. 
Convicted of bribery or 
other infamous crime, fail- 
ure to pay poll tax. 
Idiots, lunatics, paupers, 
convicts, U. S. soldiers and 
sailors. 


ion 

1()<1 

; tu 


10(1 
IOd 


)(! 
30(1 


JOd 

!*)d 

20d 
30 d 

Jin 
im 

IOd 


Pennsylvania 
Rhode Island 
S. Carolina. . . 
S. Dakota .... 

Tennessee,.. . 




lim 
MOd 

Mm 


Citizens 

Citizens, or aliens who have 
declared intention and 
been 1 year in U. S.; lim- 
ited woman suffrage. 
Citizens 

Citizens; limited woman 
suffrage. 


iy. 

M m 

ly. 

iy. 


MOd 
HO (1 

H m 
;> m 




(a) In cities of 100.000 population or over. (6) In all cities, (c) In cities of 3,000 population or 
over, (d) In cities of not less than 9,000 inhabitants, (e) Non-taxpayers must register yearly be- 
fore Dec. 31. (/) In towns having 1,000 voters and counties where registration has been adopted 
by popular vote, (g) AH counties having 60,1100 inhabitants or over, (h) In cities of 10,000 or over. 



HEALTH OF CHIEF AMERICAN CITIES. 



QUALIFICATIONS FOR SUFFRAGE.-CONTINUED. 



STATE. 


Requirements as to 
Citizenship. 


PREVIOUS 
RESIDENCE 
REQUIRED. 


Registration. 


Hallot Reform. 


Excluded from 
Voting. 


1 
S3 


County. 




i 


Precinct. 


Vermont 
Virginia 

Washington.. 
W. Virginia. . 

Wisconsin 
Wyoming. 


Citizens; women may vote 
at school elections. 

Citizens 

Citizens; limited woman 
suffrage. 
Citizens 

Citizens, or alien who has 
declared intention; women 
may vote on school mat- 
ters only. 
Citizens, male or female.. . . 


IT. 
IT. 

IT- 
IT- 

IT. 
IT. 


iin 
Im 

d 
60 d 


8m 
8m 

iOd 


30 d 
30 ci 

10 d 


Yes. 
Yes. 

No., 
(a) 

Yes. 


Yes. 
No.. 

Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes. 


Unpardoned convicts, de- 
serters from U. S. service 
during the war, ex-confed, 
Idiots, lunatics, convicts 
unless pardoned by the leg- 
islature. 
Indians not taxed. 

Paupers, idiots, lunatics, 
convicts, bribery, U. S. sol- 
diers and sailors, 
[nsane, under guardian, 
convicts unless pardoned. 

[diots, insane, felons, un- 
able to read the state con- 
stitution. 


X) (I 





(a) In cities of 3,000 population or over. 

In a more or less limited form, relating to taxatipn and school matters, woman suffrage 
exists in Arizona, California, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massa- 
chusetts. Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska. New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Da- 
kota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin. 



HEALTH OF CHIEF AMERICAN CITIES. 



Official figures showing the percentage of mortality for the year 1894. 

A report showing the percentage of mortality in 200 cities of the United States for the year 
1894 has been published under the auspices of the Surgeon-General of the Marine Hospital 
service. The following figures show the number of deaths in each 1,000 of the estimated popu- 
lation in the larger cities mentioned: 



.. 9.63 Scranton, Pa 17.28 

. .11.85 Sioux Falls, S. D 4.49 

. .12.85 Springfield. Mass 15.73 



Augusta, Ga 18.26 Council Bluffs, Iowa. . 

Baltimore 19.11 Crawfordsville, Ind . . . 

Boston 22.98 Danville, 111 .. 

Bridgeport, Conn 15.44 Dayton, 13.24 Syracuse, N, Y 16.94 

Brooklyn 20.1)3 East St. Louis, 111 11.12 Toledo, 8.05 

Brownsville. Tex 44.33 Flint, Mich 13.72 Washington, D. C 19.89 

Cambridge, Mass 19.28 Fort Smith, Ark 8.68 Wilmington, Del 16.58 

Charleston, S. C 27.29 Fort Worth, Tex 9.59 Worcester, Mass 17.20 

Chattanooga, Tenn 11.45 Fresno, Cal 13.00 Manitowoc, Wls 12.35 

Chicago 14.93Greenville, Miss 17.43 Marinette, Wis 20.27 

Cincinnati 18.29 Kalamazoo, Mich 12.61 Massillon, O 11.68 

Cleveland 17.42Keokuk, Iowa 10.20 Middletown, 9.00 

Columbus, O 13.09 Laredo, Tex 40.00 Muskegon, Mich 14.09 

Dcdham, Mass 17.73 Ludington, Mich 12.40 Ogden, Utah 9.83 

Detroit 14.30 Memphis, Tenn 23.06 Ottum wa, Iowa 12.11 

Dubuque, Iowa 10,57 Milwaukee . 15.71 Pensacola, Fla 17.0(i 

Evansville, Ind.... ...15.45Minneapolis.... ... 9.24 Racine, Wis 10.84 

Grand Rapids, Mich 13.00 Newark, N.J 23.07 Saul tSte. Marie, Mich 10.29 

Hartford, Conn 15.85 New Orleans... ... .24.88 Spokane, Wash 7.83 

Jersey City. ... ... .24.19 New York city ... ... .21.38 Sterling. Ill 11.86 

Knoxville, Tenn 1.(S Philadelphia 18.28 Stockton, Cal 10.82 

Lowell, Mass 19.58 Portland, Me 20.12 Superior, Wis 5.90 

Manchester. N. H 19.54 Reading, Pa 17.95 Tiffin, 12.71 

Alameda, Cal ... 11.57 Richmond, Va ... .20.23 Urbana. O 10.12 

Battle Creek, Mich 9.93 Rochester, N. Y 14.54 Warren, O 8.37 

Belleville, 111 10.45 St. Louis 16.12 West Bay City, Mich 14.28 

Bloomington, 111 13.40 Salt Lake City 8.10 Winona, Minn 12.31 

Brunswick, Ga 19.2P San Diego, Cal 12.50 Youngstown, 14.34 

Butte.Mont 14.73 San Francisco 18.84 Zanesville, 15.30 

Columbus, Ind 9.52 

In some of the southern cities the report shows the comparative death rates between white 
persons and colored, as follows: 

Augusta, white 11.36, colored 28.41; Charleston, S. C., white 16.58, colored 35.80; Knoxville, 
Tenn., white 12.4, colored 29.63; New Orleans, white 21.91, colored 32.14. 

Where the names of cities are not given in this list, it is because their health officials 
have failed to respond to the requests of the Surgeon-General for the data upon which the 
list is prepared. 



66 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


STATES AND TERRITORIES. 


The following table gives the capitals, governors, their salaries and terms of office and data 
regarding the state legislatures: 


STATES AND 
TERRITORIES. 


Capitals. 


Governors. 


Term 
Yrs. 


Sal- 
aries. 


Term 
Expires. 


Next Ses- 
sion Leg- 
islature. 


Limit 
of 
Ses- 
sion.. 




Montgomery... 
Sitka 


W. C. Oates. D 
tJ. A. Sheakley, D... 


2 
4 


$3,000 
3,000 


Nov. 1896 


*Nov.I896 


50 days 


Alaska Territory. 
Arizona Territory 


Phoenix 


tL. C. Hughes, >.... 
J. P. Clarke, D 

J. H. Budd, D. ... 
A. W. Mclntire, R . . 
O. V. Coffin, R 
W. T.Watson, D.... 


4 
2 

4 
2 
2 
4 


2,600 
3,500 

6,000 
5,000 
4,000 
2,000 


Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 

Jan. 1899 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1899 


Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 

Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Man. 1897 


60 days 

(JO days 

Odays 
90 days 
None. 
None. 


Little Rock. . . . 

Sacramento.... 
Denver 
Hartford 
Dover 

Washington. . . . 


California 


Colorado 
Connecticut 
Delaware 

Dist. of Columbia. 
Florida 
Georgia 


Tallahassee 
Atlanta 
Boise City 

Springfield 
Indianapolis... 
Des Moines. ... 


H. L. Mitchell, D.... 
W. Y. Atkinson, D... 
W. J. McConnell, R. 

J. P. Altgeld. D 
C. Matthews, D 
F.M.Drake, R 


4 
2 
2 

4 
4 

2 


3.500 
3,000 
3,000 

6.000 
5,000 
4.000 


Jan. 1897 
Nov. 1898 
Dec. 1896 

Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1898 


*Apr. 1897 
*Nov. 1896 
*Dec. 1896 

Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Man. 1898 


60 days 
50 days 
60 days 

None. 
60 days 
None. 


Illinois 


Indiana 


Iowa 
Indian Territory.. 


Topeka , 
Frankfort 
Baton Rouge.. 


E.N. Morrill,R 
W. O.Bradley. R.... 
M. J. Foster, D 
H. B. Cleaves, R 

Lloyd Lowndes. R.. . 
V. T. Greenhalge, R. 
J.T.Rich. R 
David M. Clough, R. 

A. J . McLaurin, D.. . . 
W.J. Stone. D 
J. E. Rickards, R 
S. A. Holcomb, Peo.. 

J. E. Jones, F. S . . . 
C. A. Busiel, R 
J. W. Griggs, R 

tW. J. Thornton, D. . 

L. P. Morton, R.... 
Elias Carr, D.. 


2 
4 
4 

2 

4 
1 

2 
2 

4 
4 
4 
2 

4 

2 
3 

4 

2 
4 
2 
2 

4 
4 
4 

1 

2 
.2 
2 
2 

4 
2 
4 
4 

4 

2 

4 


3.000 
5.000 
4,000 
2,000 

4,500 
8000 
4.000 
5,000 

4,000 

5.000 
5,000 
2,500 

6 000 
2,000 
10,000 

2,600 

10,000 
4.000 
3.000 
4,000 

2,600 
1.5UO 
10,000 

3,000 

3.500 
2.600 
4.000 
4,000 

2.000 
1.500 
5,000 
4,000 

2,700 
5,000 
2,500 


Jan. 1897 
Sept.1900 
May 1896 
Jan. 1897 

Jan. 1900 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 

Jan. 1900 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 

Jan. 1899 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1899 

Apr. 1897 

Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1898 

May 1897 
Jan. 1899 
Jan. 1899 

May 1896 

Dec. 1896 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 

Jan. 1901 
Oct. 1896 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1897 

Mar. 1897 
Jan. 1897 
Jan. 1899 


Man. 1897 
*Dec. 1896 
*May 1896 
Man. 1897 

Man. 1898 
Jan. 1897 
Man. 18H7 
Man. 1897 

Man. 1898 
Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 

Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Jan 1897 

Man. 1897 

Jan. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Man. 1898 

Jan. 1897 
Man. 1896 
Man. 1897 

Jan. 1897 

Nov. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 

Man. 189S 
"Oct. 1898 
'Dec. 1897 
Man. 1897 

Man. 1897 
Man. 1897 
Jan. 1898 


40davs 
60 days 
60 days 
None. 

90 days 
None. 
None. 
90 days 

None. 
70 days 
tiO days 
lOOd'ys 

40 days 
None. 
None. 

60 days 

None. 
i!0 days 
60 days 
None. 

60 days 
40 days 
None. 

None. 

None. 
60 days 
75 days 
60 days 

60 days 
None. 
90davs 
60 days 

45 days 
None. 
40 days 






Maine 




Annapolis 
Boston 
Lansing 
St. Paul 

Jackson 
Jefferson City . 
Helena 
Lincoln 

Carson City 
Concord 
Trenton 

Santa Fe.. 

Albany 
Raleigh 
Bismarck 
Columbus 

Guthrie 
Salem 
Harrisburg 
Newport and 
Providence . . 

Columbia 
Pierre 
Nashville 
Austin 

Salt Lake City. 
Montpelier 
Richmond 
Olympia 


Massachusetts 
Michigan 
Minnesota 

Mississippi 
Missouri 


Nebraska 


Nevada 


New Hampshire.. 
New Jersey 
New Mexico Ter- 
ritory 


New York 
North Carolina. . . 
North Dakota 
Ohio 


R. Allin, R 
A. S. Bushnell.R.... 

tW. C. Renfrew, D.. . 
W.P. Lord.R 
D. H. Hastings, R... 

C. W. Lippitt, R 

J. G. Evans. D.,.. 
C. H.Sheldon, R 
Peter Turney, D 
C. A. Culberson, D... 

H. M.Weils. R 
U. A. Woodbury, R.. 
C. T. O'Ferrall. D. ... 
J. H. McGraw, R.... 


Oklahoma Terri- 
tory 
Oregon 
Pennsylvania 
Rhode Island 

South Carolina... 
South Dakota 
Tennessee 
Texas 

Utah 


Vermont 
Virginia 
Washington 

West Virginia . . . 
Wisconsin .... 


Charleston 
Madison 
Cheyenne 


W. A. MacCorkle, D. 
W. H. Upham. R 
W. A. Richards, R... 


Wyoming 


*Biennial sessions. tAppointed by the president. Republican governors, 26; democratic 
governors, 23; people's governor,!; free-silver governor, 1. 



STATES AND TERRITORIES. 07 


STATES AND TERRITORIES. CONTINUED. 

The following table gives valuable historical data as to the states and territories, their circa, 
population and electoral vote: 


STATES AND 
TERRITORIES. 


Admitted to 
the Union. 


Popula- 
lion, 
1WO. 


Area, 
Sq.M. 


Settled at 


Date 


By Whom. 


He)), 
in 

Cony 


Elec- 
toral 
Vote 


Alabama 
Alaska Ter 
Arizona Ter 


Dec. 14,1819.. 
tJuly27, 1868.. 
tFeb. 24, 1863.. 
June 15, 1836. 

Sept. 9, 1850.. 
Aug. 1, 1876 . . 
Jan. 9, 1788... 
*Dec. 7. 1787. . 

fJuly 16, 1790.. 
March 3. 1845. 
Jan 2, 1788.... 
July3, 1890... 

Dec. 3, 1818. . 
Dec. 11, 1816. . 
March 3, 1845. 

( 


1,513,017 
31,795 
59,620 
1,128,179 

1,208,130 
412,198 
746,258 
168,493 

230,392 
391,422 
1,837,353 
84,385 

3,826,351 
2,1 '.12,404 
1,911,896 


52,250 

577,390 
113.020 
53,850 

158,360 
103.925 
4,990 
2,050 

70 

58,680 
59,475 
84,800 

56,650 
36,350 
56.025 
31400 


Mobile 


1702 

'1.526' 
1685 

1769 
1850 
1635 

1627 




9 
.... 

6 

7 
2 
4 

1 


11 
..., 

9 
4 
6 

3 


Ark'nsas Post 

San Diego 
Near Denver. 
Windsor 
Cape Henlo- 


Spaniards.:.. 
French 


California 
Colorado 
Connecticut 


Spaniards 


Puritans 
Swedes 


Dist. of Columbia 
Florida 






St. Augustine 
Savannah 


1565 
1733 
1842 


Spaniards 
English 


2 
11 
1 

22 
13 
11 


4 
13 

3 

24 
15 
13 


Georgia 


Illinois 
Indiana 


Kaskaskia 
Vincennes 
Burlington... 


1720 
1730 

1788 


French 


French 






Kansas 
Kentucky 


Jan. 29, 1861. . 
Feb. 4,1791... 
Aprils, 1812.. 
March 3, 1820. 

*April 28, 1788. 
Feb. 6, 1788... 
Jan. 26, 1837.. 


1,427,096 
1,858,635 
1,118,587 
661,086 

1,042,390 
2,238,943 

2,093,889 


82,080 
40,400 
48,720 
33,040 

12,210 
8,315 
58,915 








8 
11 
6 
4 

6 
13 

12 

7 

7 
15 
1 
6 

1 

2 

8 
t 1 

34 
9 
1 
21 

*i 

30 
2 

7 
2 
10 

13 

1 
2 
10 
2 

10 
1 


10 
13 
8 
6 

8 
15 
14 
9 

9 
17 
3 

8 

8 

4 
10 

36 
11 
3 
23 

.... 

32 
4 

9 
4 
12 

15 

3 
4 
12 
4 

6 
12 
3 


Lexington.... 
Iberviue 
Bristol 


1765 
1699 
1624 

1634 

1620 
1650 


From Va 
French 




English 

English 
Puritans 
French 




St. Marys 
Plymouth 
Near Detroit. 


Massachusetts . . . 




May 11, 1858.. 

Dec. 10, 1817. . 
March 2. 1821. 
Feb. 22,1889.. 
March 1,1867. 

Oct. 13, 1864... 


1,301,826 

1,289,600 
2,679,181 
132,159 
1,058,910 

45,761 
376,530 

1,444,933 
153,593 

5,997,853 
1,617,917 
182,719 
3,672,316 

61,834 
313,767 
5,258,014 

345,506 

1,151,149 

328,808 
1,767,518 
2,235,523 

207,905 
332.422 
1, 655,980 
349,390 

762,794 
1,686.880 
60,705 


83,365 

46.810 
69.415 
146,080 
77,510 

110.700 
9,305 

7,815 
122,580 

49,170 
52.250 
70.795 
41,060 

39,030 
96.030 
45,215 

1,250 

30.570 
77.650 
42.050 
265,780 

84,970 
9.565 
42,450 
69,180 

24,780 
56,040 
d7,8BO 


St Peter's R. 

Natchez 
St. Louis 


1805 

1716 
1764 
1852 




Mississippi 
Missouri 
Montana 


From S. C 
French 








Nevada 




1850 




New Hampshire- 
New Jersey 
New Mexico Ter.. 


June 21, 1788. 

*Dec. 18, 1787.. 
ISept. 9, 1850. . 

July 26, 1788.. 
May 23, 1785.. 
Feb. 22. ISS'.I.. 
Nov. 30, 1802. 

tMay 2, 1830. . . 
Feb. 14, 1859. . 
Dec. 12, 1787.. 

May 29, 1790. . 

May 23, 1788.. 
Feb. 22, 1889.. 
June 1. 1796. . 
Dec. 29, 1845.. 

Jan. 4, 1896. . . 
Feb. 18, 1791.. 


Dover and 
Portsmouth 


1623 

HBO 


Puritans 
Swedes 


Santa Fe 

Manhattan Id 
Albemarle 


1537 

1614 
1650 


Spaniards 
Dutch 


North Carolina... 
North Dakota .... 
Ohio 


English 


Marietta . 


1788 




Oklahoma Ter.... 
Oregon 
Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina. . . 
South Dakota 
Tennessee 
Texas 

Utah 


Astoria 
On the Dela- 


'isio' 

1682 
1636 

1670 


Americans... 

English 
English 

Huguenots . . 


Providence... 
Port Royal... 


Ft. London... 
Matagorda 
Bay 


1757 
1686 

'1764' 
1607 
1810 

1774 
1H70 
1867 


English 
French 


Ft. Dummer.. 
Jamestown... 
Astoria 

Wheeling 
Green Bay . . . 


English 
English 

English 
French 


Virginia .... 


June 26. nss. 
Feb. 22,1889.. 

Dec. 31. 1862.. 
March 3, 1847. 
July 10, 1890.. 


Washington 

West Virginia.... 
Wisconsin 




"Ratified the constitution. tOrganized as territory. ^Delegate. 
Total population, 62,979,fiOfi; total area. 3.li02,9M. 
Historians do not all agree as to some of the dates in the above table. The dates given 
are from the statistical abstract of the United States published by the government, and are 
well supported in all disputed cases. 



68 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC TOR 1896. 


POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1850 TO 1890. 


[From the reports of the Superintendents of the Census.] 


STATES AND TERRITORIES. 


1890. 


1880. 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 




17 
24 
22 
31 
21) 
40 
32 
12 
42 
3 
8 
10 
19 
11 
25 

27 
(i 

i 

20 
21 
5 
41 
86 

44 

33 

IS 

If, 

n 

88 

i 

35 

37 
13 
7 
88 

15 
81 

88 

It 

a 


1,513,017 

1.128,179 
1,208,130 
412,198 
746,258 
168,493 
391,422 
1,837,353 
84,385 

21192U04 
1,911,896 
1.427,096 
1.85S.IS5 
1,118.587 
661,086 
1.042,390 
2,238,943 
2,093,889 
1,301,826 
1.289. (iOO 
2,679,184 
132,159 
1,058,910 
45,761 
376,530 
1,444,933 
5,91)7,853 
1,617,947 
182,719 
3,672,316 
313,767 
5,258,014 
345,506 
1,151,149 
328,808 
1,767,518 
2,235,523 
332,422 
1,655,980 
349,390 
762,794 
1,686,880 
S0.705 


V 

25 
24 
35 

28 
37 
34 
13 


1,262,505 

802,525 
864,694 
194,327 
622,700 
146,608 
269,493 
1,542,180 


16 

26 
24 

'' 

34 
88 
12 


996,992 
484,471 
560,247 
39,864 
537,454 
125,015 
187,748 
1,184,109 


13 
25 
26 

IS 
81 

11 


964,201 
435,450 
379,994 
34,277 
460.147 
112,216 
140,424 
1,057,286 


12 
88 
88 

80 

n 

9 


771,623 

209,897 
92,597 

'"370;792 
91,532 
87,445 
906,185 


Arkansas 


Cal if ornia 




Connecticut 


Delaware 






Idaho 


Illinois 


4 
6 
10 
80 

8 
22 
27 
23 
f 
9 

88 

18 
5 


a077,871 
1,978.301 
1,624,615 
996,096 
1,648,690 
939,946 
648,936 
934,943 
1,783085 
l.tV)6,937 
780,773 
1,131,597 
2,168,380 


4 
8 

11 
88 

8 
21 

23 
20 

13 

28 
18 
5 


2,539,891 
l.tVSO,t7 
1,194,020 
364,399 
1,321,011 
726,915 
626,915 
780,894 
1,457,351 
1,184,059 
439,706 
827,922 
1,721,295 


4 

t; 

20 
88 


17 
gg 

1!) 
7 
16 

30 
14 

8 


1,711,951 

1,350,428 
674,913 
107,206 
1,155,684 
708,002 
628,279 
587,049 
1,231,066 
749.113 
172,023 
791,305 
1,182,012 


11 
7 
27 


851,470 
988,416 
192,214 


Indiana 








8 

18 

17 

6 

20 
33 
15 

13 


982,405 
517,762 
583,169 
583,034 
994,514 
397,654 
6,077 
606,526 
682,044 




Maine 










Mississippi 








if! 

31 

19 
1 

15 


452,402 
62,266 
346,991 
1,131,116 

5,082,871 
.1,399,750 


86 

37 
31 
17 
1 
14 


122,993 
42,491 
318,300 
906,096 

4.382,751) 
1,071,361 


86 
88 

21 
21 
1 

12 


28,841 
6,857 
326.073 
672,035 
3,880,735 
992,622 














22 

r.) 
1 

10 


317,976 

489,555 
3,097.39 
869,039 




New York 






Ohio 


3 
88 

2 
33 
21 


3,198,062 

174,768 
4,282,891 
276,531 
995,577 


3 
86 

3 
32 
22 


2,665,260 
90,923 
3,521,951 
217,353 
705,606 


3 
34 
2 


IS 


2,339,511 
52,465 
2,90(5,215 
174,620 
703,708 


3 
88 

a 

2S 
14 


1,980,329 
13,294 
2,311,786 
147,545 
668,507 






Rhode Island 




South Dakota 


Tennessee 


12 
11 
32 
14 


1,542,359 

1,591,749 
332,286 
1,512,565 


9 

19 
80 

10 


1,258,520 
818,579 
330,551 
1,225,163 


10 
23 

28 

B 


1,109,801 
604,215 
315,098 
1,596,318 


5 

25 
23 
4 


1,002,717 
212,592 
314,120 
1,421,661 












29 
16 


618,457 
1,315,497 


27 
15 


442,014 
1,054,670 












15 


775,881 


24 


305,391 


Wyoming 


The States 




61,908,906 




49,371,340 




38,155,505 




31,218,021 




23,067,262 
























4 


59,620 


6 
8 
1 

8 


40,440 
135,177 
177,624 
32,610 


9 

8 
1 

7 


9,658 
14,181 
131,700 
14,999 












6 
2 


4,837 
75,080 






District of Columbia 


1 


230,392 


2 


51,687 
























7 

4 


39,159 
119,565 


6 
2 


20,595 
91,874 












3 
5 
2 


153,593 
61,834 
207,905 


1 


93,516 


1 


61,547 




Utah .... 


2 
5 
9 


143,963 
75,116 
20,789 


3 
5 

10 


86,786 
23,955 
9,118 


3 
5 


40,273 
11,594 


3 


11,380 














The Territories 
















713,344 


784,443 




402,866 




225,300 


.. 


124,614 


On public ships in service of 
the United States 






















The United States 




62,622,250 




50,155,783 




38,558,371 




31,443,321 




23,191,876 






24.8 


30.08 


22.65 


35.11 


35.83 




NOTE. The narrow column under each census year shows the order of the states and 
territories when arranged according to magnitude of population. 
Population of Alaska and Indian Territory not yet reported. 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 69 


POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1790 TO 1840. 


[From the reports of the Superintendents of the Census.] 


STATES AND 
TERRITORIES. 


1840. 


1830. 


1820. 


1810. 


1800. 


1790. 




13 

88 


590,756 
97,574 


US 
37 


309,527 
30,388 


U 

i 


127,901 
14,255 




























California 








































Connecticut 




M 

n 

9 


309,978 
78,085 
54,477 
691,392 


1C, 
24 
2f> 
10 


297,675 
76,748 
34,730 
516,823 


14 
38 


275.148 
72,749 


9 
19 


261,942 
72,674 


8 

17 


251,002 
64,273 


8 

16 


237,964 
59,096 




Georgia 


11 


340,985 


U 


252,433 


13 


162,686 


18 


82,548 




Illinois 


14 
1(1 

a 


476,183 
685,866 
43,112 


20 

B 


157,445 
343,031 


24 

18 


55,162 
147,178 


38 
31 


12,282 
24,520 












88 


5,641 






Iowa 






























i 

ID 
u 

15 
8 



779,828 
352,411 
501,793 
470,019 
737,699 
212,267 


(i 
ID 

12 
11 
8 

38 


687,917 
215,739 
399.455 
447,040 
610,408 
31,639 


(i 
17 
Q 
10 
7 
M 


564,135 
152,923 

298,269 
407,350 
523.159 
8,765 


7 
18 

14 

8 
6 

24 


406,511 
76,556 
228,705 
380,546 
472,040 
4,762 


9 


220,955 


14 


73,677 




Maine 


14 

7 
6 


151,719 
341,548 
422,845 


11 

1 

4 


96,540 

319,728 
378,787 




Massachusetts 
Michigan 














17 
16 


375,65i 
383,702 


22 
21 


136,621 
140,451 


31 

88 


75,448 
66,557 


20 

23 


40,352 
20,845 


19 


8,850 






Missouri 










































Nevada 


























New Hampshire . . 
New Jersey 


a 

18 
1 
7 


284,574 
373,306 
2,428,921 
753,419 


18 
14 

1 

5 


269,328 
320,823 
1,918,603 
737,987 


15 

a 

i 

4 


244,022 
277,426 
1,372,111 
638,829 


16 

12 

3 
4 


214,460 
245,562 
959,049 
555,500 


n 

10 
8 
' 4 


183,858 
211,149 
589,051 
478,103 


10 
9 

6 
8 


141,885 
184,139 
340.120 
393,751 


New York . . 


North Carolina... 
North Dakota 


Ohio 


8 


1,519,467 


4 


937,903 


6 


581,295 


18 


230,760 


18 


45,365 






Oregon 






Pennsylvania 
Rhode Island 
South Carolina... 
S< mth Dakota 


3 

24 
11 


1,724.033 
108,830 
594,398 


3 

n 
e 


1,348,233 
97,199 
581,185 


8 
80 
8 


1,047,507 
83,015 
502,741 


3 
17 
6 


810,091 
76,931 
415,115 


8 

it; 

6 


602,365 
69,122 
345,591 


2 
15 
7 


434,373 

68,825 
249,073 


Tennessee 


5 


829,210 


7 


681,904 


8 


422,771 


10 


261,727 


15 


105,602 


17 


35,691 


Texas 


Vermont 


& 

4 


291,948 
1,239,797 


17 
8 


280,652 
1,211,405 


Hi 
2 


235,966 
1,065,116 


15 

i 


217,895 
974,600 


13 
1 


154,465 
880,200 


13 
1 


85,425 
747,610 


Virginia 


Washington 


West Virginia 


























Wisconsin 


89 


30,945 






















Wyoming 






















The States 
Alaska 




17,019,641 




12,820,868 




9,600,783 




7,215,858 




5,294,390 


* 




























Arizona 


























Dakota 


























Dist. of Columbia. 
Idaho 


1 


43,712 


1 


39,834 


1 


33,039 


i 


24,023 


1 


14,093 










Indian 
























Montana 
























New Mexico 


























Oklahoma 
























Washington 






H 




















Wyoming 
























The Territories 

On public ships in 
service of U.S... 

























43,712 


39,834 




33,039 




24,023 




14,093 








6,100 





5,318 


















United States. 
Percent, of gain.. 


....| 17,069,453 


12,866,020 




9,633,822 




7,239,881 




5,308,483 




3,929,214 


33.52 


32.51 


33.06 


36.38 


35.10 






NOTE. The narrow column under each census year shows the order of the states and 
territories when arranged according to magnitude of population. 
Population of Alaska and Indian Territory not yet reported. 



70 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 


MOVEMENT OF PRICES. 


Relative prices in gold* by groups of articles, 1840-1891. From Senate report No. 1394, second 
session Fifty-Second Congress. 


YEAR. 


GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES. 


foot. 


Cloths 
and 
Clothing. 


Fuel 
and 
Lighting 


Metah 
and 
Imple- 
ments. 


Lumber 
and 
Build'ng 
Mate- 
rials. 


Drugs 
and 
Chem- 
icals. 


House- 
furnish- 
ing 
Goods. 


Miscella- 
neous. 


All 
Articles. 


1840. . . . 


96.6 
94.4 

82. 9 
79.3 
81.6 

87.3 
94.6 
94.7 
83.5 
79.0 

85.5 
90.6 
88.7 
101.2 
105.9 

111.8 
110.4 
117.5 
94.6 
98.8 

100.0 
95.8 
107.7 
91.7 
106.6 

100.1 
124.1 
121.8 
118.6 
120.1 

126.8 
152.9 
122 2 
115.2 
118.0 

110.0 
109.1 
113.3 
105.5 
97.6 

107.6 
110.9 
118.8 
118.8 
108.9 

98.7 
99.5 
104.2 
109.4 
111.9 

104.6 
103.9 


110.7 
113.4 
100.9 
99.9 
105.0 

97.1 
95.3 
97.6 

87.5 
82.2 

91.3 

94.7 
88.7 
98.6 
97.4 

94.7 

100.0 
106.0 
98.0 
101.1 

100.0 
94.9 
121.1 
132.0 
167.7 

138.4 
161.7 
133.7 
10(5.0 
108.8 

114.9 
120.4 
131.1 
121.5 
114.8 

106,8 
95.3 
95.9 
91.9 
91.1 

104.5 
99.9 
98.7 
94.8 
88.9 

84.8 
85.1 
84.7 
4.7 
83.6 

82.4 
81.1 


395.8 
208.9 
202.0 
187.5 
119.7 

239.6 
143.8 
110.7 
106.1 
100.0 

102.6 
97.3 
93.5 
101.6 
106.8 

121.1 

126.4 
113.3 
111.4 
98.8 

100.0 
103.5 
94.8 
73.8 
115.9 

110.0 
200.2 
115.8 
157.9 
152.5 

162.0 
130.2 
i:i6.8 
119.4 
134.3 

139.1 

128.2 
101.7 
91.7 
95.3 

100.2 
113.7 
110.1 
114.2 
102.4 

89.6 
86.2 
88.6 
91.9 
95.3 

92.5 
91.0 


123.5 
123.7 
118.7 
114.7 
133.3 

110.8 
116.9 
120.6 
119.7 
124.9 

114.8 
119.2 
117.7 
122.8 
125.6 

117.8 
115.3 
110.4 
101.3 
100.1 

100.0 
102.5 
114.3 
96.5 
115.6 

88.5 
122.1 
119.8 
108.7 
104.2 

105.4 
110.4 
117.3 
115.2 
103.7 

104.4 
9ti.l 
91.2 
90.8 
88.4 

96.3 
91.1 
91.2 
87.5 
81.0 

77.4 
75.8 
74.9 
74.9 
72.9 

73.2 
74.9 


110.0 
111.8 
108.8 
105.4 
103.0 

106.7 
106.2 
108.2 
105.3 
97.6 

102.2 
97.2 
100.4 
103.2 
114.1 

103.4 
102.8 
105.0 
103.8 

98.7 

100.0 
108.9 
145.6 
122.1 
142.3 

84.2 
133.4 
132.8 
125.8 
122.3 

122.3 
130.8 
153.0 
152.5 
139.0 

127.7 
121.7 
118.5 
115.2 
115.1 

130.9 
131.3 
137.5 
134.3 
129.5 

126.6 
128.5 
126.5 
124.8 
124.0 

123.7 
122.3 


145.8 
141.3 
131.6 
121.4 
119.7 

121.0 
123.9 
112.5 
113.0 
111.0 

123.6 
125.8 
111.8 
107.0 
110.7 

129.2 
135.5 
120.8 
116.0 
104.2 

100.0 
101.3 
113.6 
101.0 
109.5 

125.6 
104.3 
156.9 
128.4 
118.7 

123.3 
1.25.9 
122.8 
125.6 
131.8 

128.2 
108.0 
115.2 
112.6 
110.9 

113.1 
110.4 
107.6 
98.1 
95.7 

86.9 
&3.9 
83.6 
-86.0 
88.8 

87.9 
86.3 


116.4 
116.4 
116.4 
100.3 
102.3 

102.3 
111.0 
120.3 
121.7 
120.5 

125.6 
120.0 
111.9 
118.7 
121.2 

121.2 
115.5 
116.8 
108.7 
103.2 

100.0 
96.8 
87.3 
84.8 
105.9 

83.8 
132.3 
118.2 
97.4 
89.0 

100.2 
116.1 
112.9 
96.8 
98.3 

84.4 
77.3 
74.4 
73.3 
68.6 

85.2 
77.6 
78.1 
77.5 
76.3 

70.1 

68.4 
66.4 
66.9 
70.0 

69.5 
70.1 


147.1 
147.1 
170.6 
123.5 
129.6 

114.8 
111.0 
121.7 
125.6 
109.8 

107.7 
102.7 
100.5 
109.2 
108.4 

115.2 
121.6 
110.0 
97.1 
100.8 

100.0 
100.7 
101.2 
89.0 
99.3 

93.8 
122.1 
119.9 
118.5 
119.7 

122.6 
134.4 
121.6 
117.5 
116.5 

109.2 
101.2 
111.3 
110.2 
102.1 

109.8 
108.8 
114.6 
117.3 
111.9 

97.5 
91.3 
88.6 
89.3 
88.8 

89.7 
95.1 


116.8 
115.8 
107.8 
101.5 
101.9 

102.8 
106.4 
106.5 
101.4 

98.7 

102.3 
105.9 
102.7 
109.1 
212.9 

113.1 
113.2 
112.5 
101.8 
100.2 

100.0 
100.6 
114.9 

102.4 
122.5 

100.3 
136.3 
127.9 
115.9 

113.2 

117 3 
122.9 
127.2 
122.0 
119.4 

113.4 
104.8 
104.4 
99.9 
96.6 

108.9 
105.7 
MS.5 

106.0 
99.4 

93.0 
91.9 
92.6 
94.2 
94.2 

92.3 
92.2 


1H41 


1842 
1843 
1844 


1845 . 


1810 


1847. . . . 


1848. . . 


1849 


1850 
1851 
1852. . . . 


1853 


1854 


1855. . . . 


1S5H 


1857. . . 


1858 


1859 


I860 . . 


1801 


1802 


1863 


1864 


1865.... 


1806 


1807 


1868 


1869 


1870.... 


1871 . 


1872 


1873 


1874 


1875. . . . 


1876 


18n. . 


1878 


1879 


1880. . . . 


1S81 
1882 
1883. 


1884 


1885. . . . 


1886 


1887 


18H8 


1889 


isno 


1891 




*In converting currency prices into gold we have used the value of $100 gold in currencv as 
given for January of each year in the American Almanac for 1878, as follows: 1862, $1(12.5: 1863, 
i*li:>.l: tv,i..*i.-,.-..:>: isr,;,. S >K;.;>; isor,. *] l.l; Is.;; . *l:;j.O; His. *|:;s..-, : IStV.i. i?l:i5.0; 1870. $121.3; 1871, $110.7; 
1872, $109.1; 1873, $112.7; 1874. $111.4; 1875, $112.5; 1876, $112.8; 1877, $106.2, and 1878, $101.4. 



THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 



71 



THE MONROE DOCTRINE-ITS ORIGIN AND MEANING. 



[By Prof. John Bassett Moore of Columbia College, New York.] 



The great diversity of view which has char- 
acterized discussions of the Monroe doctrine 
may be ascribed to several causes, amon 



which are the different mental attitudes 



Ilg 

. of 

those who have discussed it, a neglect to con- 
sider the circumstances in which it originated, 
and a divergence of opinion or of assumption 
as to the precise passages in which it is to be 
found. In order that nothing essential to an 
understanding of the subject may be lacking, 
I will quote all the passages In President Mon- 
roe's message that have been cited as con- 
taining the expression of his doctrine: 
I. 

"At the proposal of the Russian imperial gov- 
ernment, made through the minister of the 
emperor residing here, a full power and in- 
structions have been transmitted to the min- 
ister of the United States at St. Petersburg, to 
arrange by amicable negotiation the respec- 
tive rights and interests of the two nations on 
the northwest coast of this continent. A 
similar proposal has been made by his im- 
perial majesty to the government of Great 
Britain, which has likewise been acceded to. 

* * In the discussions to which this interest 
has given rise, and in the arrangements by 
which they may terminate, the occasion has 
been judged proper for asserting as a princi- 
ple in which the rights and interests of the 
United States are involved, that the American 
continents, by the free and independent con- 
dition which they have assumed and main- 
tain, are henceforth not to be considered as 
subjects for future colonization by any Euro- 
pean powers." Paragraph?, Message of Dec. 
2, 1823. 

II. 

"In the wars of the European powers in mat- 
ters relating to themselves we have never 
taken any part, nor does it comport with our 
policy to do so. It is only when our rights are 
invaded or seriously menaced that we resent 
injuries or make preparation for our defense. 
With the movements in this hemisphere we 
are, of necessity, more immediately connected, 
and by causes which must be obvious to all 
enlightened and impartial observers. The 
political system of the allied powers Is essen- 
tially different in this respect from that of 
America. This difference proceeds from that 
which exists in their respective governments. 
And to the defense of our own, wnich has been 
achieved by the loss of so much blood and 
treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their 
most enlightened citizens, and under which 
we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this 
whole nation is devoted. We owe it, there- 
fore, to candor and to the amicable relations 
existing between the United States and those 
powers, to declare that we should consider 
any attempt on their part to extend their sys- 
tem to any portion of this hemisphere as dan- 
gerous to our peace and safety. With the ex- 
isting colonies or dependencies of any Euro- 
pean power we have not Interfered and shall 
not interfere. But with the governments who 
have declared their independence and main- 
tained it, and whose independence we have, 
on great consideration and on just principles, 
acknowledged, we could not view any inter- 
position lor the purpose of oppressing them, 
or controlling in any other manner their des- 
tiny, by any European power, in any other 



light 



by any 
than a 



, 
s the manifestation of an un- 



friendly disposition toward the United States. 
* * Our policy in regard to Europe, which 
was adopted at an early stage of the wars 
which have so long agitated that quarter of 
the globe, nevertheless remains the same. 



which is, not to interfere in the Internal con- 
cerns of any of its powers; to consider the 
government de facto as the legitimate govern- 
ment for us; to cultivate friendly relations 



frank, firm and manly policy, meeting in all 
instances the just claims of every power, sub- 



mitting to injuries from none. 



ry power 
But in r 



egard 



. 

to these continents, circumstances are emi- 
nently and conspicuously different. It is im- 
possible that the allied powers should extend 
their political system to any portion of either 
continent without endangering our peace and 
happiness; nor can any one believe that our 
southern brethren, if left to themselves, 
would adopt it of their own accord. It is 
equally impossible, therefore, that we should 
behold such interposition, in any form, with 
indifference." Paragraphs 48 and 49, Message 
of Dec. 2 1823. 

It will be observed that the two passages 
above quoted, which are sometimes printed 
together among other places, in Wharton's 
"International Law Digest" as if they formed 
one continuous passage and were intended to 
convey one idea, are widely separated in Pres- 
ident Monroe's message. In reality, they re- 
late to two distinct subjects". I will discuss 
them in their order. 

MEANING OP PASSAGE I. 

This passage has by more than one writer 
been said to mean: "No more European colo- 
nies on these continents." In a proper sense 
this interpretation is correct. But it is not 
correct If it is intended to ascribe to Presi- 
dent Monroe the declaration that the United 
States would resist any acquisition whatso- 
ever of territory on either of the American 
continents by a European power. That ques- 
tion was not before him. The history of the 
passage shows that it related solely to the 
question of colonization or original settle- 
ment; that It did not refer to the acquisition 
of territory by gift, purchase or other form 
of voluntary transfer, or even by conquest; 



government to any course of action in respect 
of any territory but that which it claimed as 
its own. 

In 1821 the emperor of Russia issued a ukase 
by which he assumed as owner of the shore 
to exclude foreigners from carrying on com- 
merce and from navigatingand fishing within 
100 Italian miles of the northwest coast of 
America from Bering straits down to the 51st 
parallel of north latitude. As this assertion 
of title embraced territory which was claimed 
by the United States as well as by Great Brit- 
ain, both those governments protested against 
it. Inconsequence the Russian government 
proposed to adjust the matter by amicable 
negotiation at St. Petersburg; and instruc- 
tions to that end were prepared for Mr. Mid- 
dleton, then our minister to Russia, in the 
summer of 1823. John Quincy Adams was then 
secretary of state. At a meeting of the cabi- 
net on June 28 the subject of Mr. Middleton's 
instructions was discussed, and Mr. Adams 
expressed the opinion that the claim of the 
Russians could not be admitted, because they 
appeared to have no "settlement" upon the 
territory in dispute. On July 17 he informed 
Baron Tuyl, the Russian minister, at a con- 
ference at the department of state, "that we 



Russia to any territorial establishment on this 
continent, and that we should assume dis- 
tinctly the principle that the American con- 
tinents are no longer subjects for any new 
European colonial establishments." When 



72 



the principle was announced in the message 
of Dec. 2, President Monroe spoke of "future 
colonization." 

Now. what was meant by the term "coloni- 
zation '? The answer is. simply what was 
meant by the terms "settlement" and "colo- 
nial establishments" previously employed by 
Mr. Adams. The word "colonization" has a 
definite meaning. It signifies the settlement 
by emigrants of a region not under the con- 
trol of any civilized power, unless that of the 
parent country. Indeed, Mr. Adams in his in- 
structions to Mr. Middleton clearly expressed 
himself in that sense. "Occupied," he says, 
"by civilized nations, they [the American con- 
tinents] will be accessible to Europeans and 
each other on that footing alone." It was in 
this sense that Mr. Adams and President Mon- 
roe used the term colonization. They used it 
to describe a method of acquiring title to un- 
occupied territory. They denied the existence 
of Russian settlements in the territory in dis- 
pute, and, claiming the territory as our own, 
they necessarily denied the right of Russia or 
any other European power to colonize it. 

While the announcement as to future col- 
onization was made in general terms, appli- 
cable to the whole of the American continents, 
it related, in the message of President Mon- 
roe, solely to our territorial claims on the 
northwest coast. It was put forth with a view 
to protect those claims against encroach 
ment, and, as an argument invented for the 
purpose, it did not become the subject of cabi- 
net deliberation. This could not have been 
the case if there had been an intention to an- 
nounce a new policy which the United States 
was to maintain in behalf of all the Americas. 

But all doubt as to what was intended in 
this regard has been precluded by Mr. Adams 
himself, who was the author of the argument. 
In his special message to congress of Dec. 26, 
1825, touching the Panama congress, he sug- 
gested as one of the subjects that might be 
discussed, "an agreement among all the par- 
ties represented at the meeting that each will 
guard, by its own means, against the estab- 
lishment of any European colony within its 
borders. * * * This was," he said, "more 
than two years since announced by my prede- 
cessor to the W9rld as a principle resulting 
from the emancipation of ooth tne American 
continents." It may be said that if Mr. 
Adams intended to do no more than announce 
that territory already occupied by civilized 
powers was not subject to future colonization, 
he merely stated a truism. But in its applica- 
tion to the American continents at that time 
the announcement was far from being a tru- 
ism. It was by no means generally admitted 
that the American continents were then 
wholly occupied by civilized nations. There 
were vast regions of territory not actually 
settled by the subjects of civilized powers. 
Neither Russia nor Great Britain admitted 
the claim put forth by Mr. Adams. 

It is often said that the Monroe doctrine 
would forbid the transfer by a European 
power of a colony in America to another Eu- 
ropean power This is another example of 
the danger in indulging in loose interpreta- 
tions. If Spain should transfer Cuba to Den- 
mark, or if Great Britain should transfer Can- 
ada and Jamaica to Greece, would we con- 
sider either of these acts as "unfriendly" to 
us, or as "dangerous to our peace and safety"? 

THE POLK DOCTRINE. 

In his annual message of Dec. 2, 1845, Presi- 
dent Polk, referring to our dispute with Great 
Britain as to the Oregon territory and to the 
possible intervention of European powers in 
consequence of our annexation of Texas and 
possibly of other territory southward, sought 
to give to President Monroe's announcement 
on the subject of colonization the meaning 



often erroneously conveyed by the expression 
"no more European colonies on this conti- 
nent." But, in so doing, he restricted its ap- 
plication to North America, saying that "it 
should be distinctly announced to the world 
as our settled policy that no future European 
colony or dominion shall, with our consent, 
be planted or established on any part of the 
North American continent." It is obvious 
that President Polk in pronouncing against 
the establishment of any "dominion" by a 
European power a term which includes the 
acquisition by voluntary transfer or by con- 
quest of territory already occupied asserted 
something quite different from Monroe's dec- 
laration against "colonization." He asserted 
something which should be called the Polk 
doctrine rather than the Monroe doctrine; 
and it was, perhaps, the consciousness of this 
fact that led him to restrict the new doctrine, 
which was to be maintained by us without 
regard to other American powers, and not 
merely by each of those powers "by its own 
means." to the North American continent. 

President Polk reasserted his doctrine in a 
special message to congress Of April 29, 1848, in 
relation to Yucatan. An Indian outbreak 
having occurred in that country, the authori- 
ties offered to transfer "the dominion and 
sovereignty" to the United States, and at the 
same time made a similar offer to Great Brit- 
ain and Spain. President Polk recommended 
the occupation of the territory by the United 
States, and in so doing declared that "we 
could not consent to a transferor this 'do- 
minion and sovereignty' to either Spain, 
Great Britain or any other European power." 
This pronouncement went beyond the Monroe 
doctrine in any of its parts. The Monroe doc- 
trine, in all its parts, was based upon the right 
of American states, whose independence we 
had acknowledged, to dispose of themselves 
as they saw fit. It was directed against the 
interposition of European powers to control 
their destiny against their will. Mr. Adams 
expressed this idea in his diary thus: "Con- 
sidering the South Americans as independent 
nations, they themselves, and no otner na- 
tion, had the right to dispose of their condi- 
tion. We have no right to dispose of them, 
either alone or in conjunction with other na- 
tions. Neither have any other nations the 
right of disposing of them without their con- 
sent." The Polk doctrine, on the other hand, 
would forbid the acquisition of dominion by 
a European power in North America even by 
voluntary transfer or cession. The project of 
occupying Yucatan was abandoned before 
any vote on the subject was reached in con- 
gress, in consequence of the reception of news 
that a treaty between the whites and the In- 
dians had been concluded. 

It is obvious that President Polk, in invok- 
ing the Monroe doctrine in the sense in which 
he sought to apply it, was endeavoring to 
strengthen his position in respect to his policy 
of annexation, to which many persons were 
strenuously opposed. That he had an eye 
chiefly to this feature of his administration is 
shown by the fact that he abandoned in 184G 
his claim to the Oregon territory and settled 
the boundary at forty-nine instead of at the 
line of "flfty-four-forty or fight," to which he 
had previously pronounced our title to be un- 
questionable. 

MEANING OP PASSAGE II. 

This passage, which was anxiously consid- 
ered by President Monroe and his cabinet, 
related to the threatened interference of a 
combination of European powers in the 
political affairs of the independent American 
states. On Sept. 26, 1815, the emperors of Aus- 
tria and Russia and the king of Prussia con- 
cluded at Paris a treaty which was known as 
the holy alliance. The object of this league 



THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 



73 



was declared to be the administration of gov- 
ernment, in matters both internal and exter- 
nal, according to the precepts of justice, 
charity and peace; and to this end the allied 
monarchs, "looking upon themselves as dele- 
gated by Providence" to rule over their re- 
spective countries, engaged to "lend one 
another, on every occasion and in every 
place, assistance, aid and support." In the 
course of time, as revolt against the arrange- 
ments of the treaty of Vienna became more 
widespread and more pronounced, the alli- 
ance ceased to wear its originally benevolent 
aspect and came more and more to assume 
the form of a league for the protection of the 
principle of legitimacy the principle of the 
divine right of kings as opposed to the rights 
of the people against the encroachments of 
liberal ideas. Congresses were held at Alx-la- 
Chapelle, Troppau and Laybach for the pur- 
pose of maturing a programme to that end. 
The league was joined by the king of France, 
but England, whose prince regent had origi- 
nally given it his informal adhesion, began to 
grow hostile. In the circular issued at Trop- 
pau, the allies associated "revolt and crime," 
and declared that the European powers had 
"had an undoubted right to take a hostile at- 
titude in regard to those states in which the 
overthrow of the government might operate 
as an example." In the circular issued at Layi 
bach they denounced "as equally null, and 
disallowed by the public law of Europe, any 
pretended reform effected by revolt and open 
force." Popular movements were forcibly 
suppressed In Piedmont and Naples. In Octo- 
ber, 18'i2, representatives of the allies assem- 
bled at Verona, especially for the purpose of 
concerting measures against the revolution- 
ary government In Spain. As the result of 
their deliberations they issued a circular in 
which they announced their determination 
"to repel the maxim of rebellion, in whatever 

Rlace and under whatever form it might show 
;self"; and they adjourned with the secret 
understanding that France should intervene 
to suppress the constitutional government in 
Spain. Their ultimate object was more ex- 
plicitly expressed in a secret treaty in which 
they engaged mutually "to put an end to the 
system of representative governments" in 
Europe and to adopt measures to destroy 
"the liberty of the press." 

In April, 1823, France proceeded to execute 
the plans of the allies by invading Spain for 
the purpose of restoring the absolute mon- 
arch, Ferdinand VII. Before the close of -the 
ensuing summer such progress had been made 
in the execution of that design that notice 
was given to the British government that, as 
soon as the military objects of the allies in 
Spain were achieved, they would propose a 
congress with a view to the termination of 
the revolutionary governments in Spanish 
America. At this time Lord Castlereagh, who 
had always been favorably disposed toward 
the alliance, had been succeeded in the conduct 
of the foreign affairs of England by George 
Canning, who reflected the popular sentiment 
as to the policy of the allied powers. The inde- 
pendence of the Spanish-American govern- 
ments, which had now been acknowledged by 
the United States, had not as yet been recog- 
nized by Great Britain. But English mer- 
chants, like those of the United States, had 
developed a large trade with the Spanish- 
American countries, a trade which their 
restoration to a colonial condition, whether 
under Spain or any of the allies, would, under 
the commercial system then in vogue, have 
cut off and destroyed. 

As the Interests of the United States and of 
England were thus to a great extent Identical, 
Canning, toward the close of the summer of 
1823, began to sound Mr. Rush, our minister at 



London, as to the possibility of a joint decla- 
ration by the two governments against the in- 
tervention of the allies in Spanish America. 
When Mr. Rush reported these conversations 
to his government, President Monroe lost no 
time in taking counsel upon them. Jefferson, 
whose opinion was sought, replied: "Our 
first and fundamental maxim should be never 
to entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe; 
our second, never to suffer Europe to inter- 
meddle with cis-Atlantic affairs, * * * 
While the last [Europe] is laboring to become 
the domicile of despotism, our endeavor 
should surely be to make onr hemisphere 
that of freedom. One nation [Great Britain], 
most of all, could disturb us in this pursuit; 
she now offers to lead, aid and accompany us 
in it. By acceding to her proposition we de- 
tach her from the bands, bring her mighty 
weight into the scale of free government and 
emancipate a continent at one stroke. * * * 
Great Britain is the nation which can do us 
the most harm of any one or all on earth, and 
with her on our side we need not fear the 
whole world. With her, then, we should most 
sedulously cherish a cordial friendship, and 
nothing would tend more to knit our affec- 
tions than to be fighting once more side by 
side in the same cause." Mr. Madison viewed 
the suggestion of Canning with favor. 
In the cabinet of Monroe, Mr. Calhoun in- 
clined to invest Mr. Rush with power to join 
England in a declaration, even if It should 
pledge the United States not to take either 
Cuba or Texas. He believed that the holy 
alliance "had an ultimate eye to us; that 
they would, if not resisted, subdue South 
America. * * * Violent parties would arise 
in this country, one for and one against them, 
and we should have to fight upon our own 
shores for our own institutions." The presi- 
dent at first inclined to Calhoun's Idea of giv- 
ing Mr. Rush discretionary powers, but this 
was opposed by Mr. Adams, who maintained 
that we could act with England only .on the 
basis of the acknowledged independence of 
the Spanish-American states. He thought 
that we should let England make her own 
declaration. He did not believe that the 
holy alliance meant to establish monarchy 
among us. But if they should subdue the 
Spanish provinces, the ultimate result would, 
said Mr. Adams, be to recolonize them, par- 
titioned out among themselves. Russia might 
take California, Peru and Chile; France might 
take Mexico, and Great Britain, if she could 
not resist the course of things, would take at 
least the island of Cuba as her share of the 
scramble. What, then, would be the situation 
of the United States England holding Cuba, 
and France Mexico? We should therefore 
make a declaration for ourselves. The act of 
the executive could not, after all, commit the 
nation to a pledge of war, and congress would 
be left free to act or not, as circumstances 
might arise. 

On Oct. 9, 1823. Canning, in an interview 
with Prince de Polignac, the French ambas- 
sador, declared that while Great Britain 
would remain "neutral" in any war between 
Spain and her colonies, the "junction" of any 
foreign power with Spain against the colonies 
would be viewed as constituting "entirely a 
new question, upon which Great Britain must 
take such decision as her interests required." 
This declaration,, followed by that of Presi- 
dent Monroe for the United States, shattered 
the plans of the holy alliance with reference 
to Spanish America. Against the two great 
maritime powers of the world the allies were, 
in respect to any transatlantic project, utterly 
helpless. 

The motive of England was chiefly commer- 
cial. But the motive of the United States 
was largely political. The holy alliance rep- 



74 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 



resented a force avowedly and aggressively 
hostile to the form of popular government of 
which the United States furnished the most 
shining example. It was for this reason that 
President Monroe declared that any attempt 
on their part to extend "their system" to any 
portion of this hemisphere would be consid- 
ered as "dangerous to our peace and safety." 
The further declaration that we could not 
view any interposition by any European 
power in the affairs of the governments wnose 
independence we had acknowledged, for the 
purpose of oppressing them or controlling in 
any other manner their destiny, in any other 
light than as "the manifestation of an un- 
friendly disposition toward the United 
States," grew out of the same circumstances 
as the preceding declaration, and may, as Mr. 
Calhoun has said, be considered as an ap- 

8endage to it. Those governments, said Mr. 
alhoun, who spoke with peculiar authority 
on the subject, "had just emerged from their 
protracted revolutionary struggles. They had 
hardly yet reached a point of solidity, and in 
that tender stage the administration of Presi- 
dent Monroe thought it proper not only to 
make that general declaration in reference to 
the holy alliance but to make a more specific 
one against the interference of any European 
power, in order to countenance these young 
republics as far as we could with propriety." 
Mr. Webster, in 1826, said that the "amount" 
of President Monroe's declarations was "that 
this government could not look with indiffer- 
ence on any combination to assist Spain in 
her war against the South American states; 
that we could not but consider any such com- 
bination as dangerous or unfriendly to us, 
and that if it should be formed It would be 
for the competent authorities of this govern- 
ment to decide when the case arose what 
course our duty and interest should require 
us to pursue." 

On Jan. 20, 1824, Mr. Clay offered In the house 
of representatives a joint resolution, by 
which it was declared that the people of the 
United States "would not see, without serious 
inquietude, any forcible intervention by the 
allied powers of Europe in behalf of Spain," 
to reduce her colonies to subjection. Upon 
this resolution no action was taken. Regard- 
ing the danger as probably passed, congress 
was unwilling to commit the government to 
general declarations by which its freedom of 
action might in the future be hampered. In- 
deed, the nouseof representatives adopted a 
resolution declaring that the United States 
ought not to form any alliances with South 
American republics or enter into any joint 
declarations on the subject of President Mon- 
roe's pronouncement, but that the people 
should be "left free to act, in any crisis, in 
such manner as their feelings of friendship 
toward those repubHcs and as their own 
honor and policy may at the time dictate." 

In this view there is certainly great wisdom. 
To attempt to anticipate particular cases 
would be a futile experiment; while, if an 
effort were made to employ terms so general 
as to cover all future cases, contingencies 
might arise in which the government would 
find itself seriously embarrassed by its own 
unadvised declarations. 

Attempts have frequently been made to 
trace back the declarations of President Mon- 
roe to utterances of other statesmen made 
long previously. It has even been said that 
their germs are to be found in Washington's 
proclamation of neutrality in the war between 
England and France, and in his farewell 
address. But, as all the territory of the 
American continents, except that occupied by 
the United States, belonged at that time to 

European powers and was more or less in- 
volved in their contests, it is difficult to under- 



stand how the policy of non-intervention, 
which Washington adopted and inculcated, 
involved the policy wnich Monroe, thirty 
years later, advocated, of intervention in be- 
half of independent American states against 
the aims of the holy alliance. 

LATTER-DAY FALLACIES. 

At the present time an idea seems to pre- 
vail that the Monroe doctrine committed us 
to a kind of protectorate over the independ- 
ent states of this hemisphere, in consequence 
of which we are required to espouse their 
quarrels, though we cannot control their con- 
duct. To state this theory is to refute it. 
Like other independent nations, we are at 
liberty to act with some regard to our own 
interests. Our position is not that of an in- 
voluntary military force, at the beck and call 
of any American state that may stand in need 
of it. When it became apparent that the 
French sought to establish a monarchy In 
Mexico, we did not hesitate to declare our 
opposition; and in 1866 we notified the Aus- 
trian government that, if it sent any troops 
to the support of Maximilian, we could not 
engage longer to remain neutral in the con- 
test. This was a correct assertion of the 
Monroe doctrine. But we have not assumed 
to forbid European powers to settle their 
quarrels with American states by the use of 
force any more than we have hesitated to do 
so ourselves. In 1861 we admitted the right 
of France, Spain and Great Britain to pro- 
ceed jointly by force against Mexico for the 
satisfaction of claims. Indeed, Mr. Seward, 
in an instruction to our minister to France of 
June 21, 1862, said: "France has a right to 
make war against Mexico, and to determine 
for herself the cause. We have a right and 
interest to insist that France shall not im- 
prove the war she makes to raise up in Mexico 
an anti-republican or anti-American govern- 
ment, or to maintain such a government 
there. France has disclaimed such designs, 
and we, besides reposing faith in the assur- 
ances given in a frank, honorable man- 
ner, would, in any case, be bound to wait for, 
and not anticipate, a violation of them." It 
was not tlH they were subsequently violated 
that Mr. Seward protested. 

In 1842 and again in 1844 Great Britain block- 
aded the port of San Juan de Nicaragua, In 
1851 the same power laid an embargo on traf- 
fic at the port of La Union, in Salvador, 
and blockaded the whole coast of that coun- 
try. In 1862 and 1863 the same power seized 
Brazilian vessels in Brazilian waters in re- 
prisal for the plundering of the bark Prince 
of Wales on the Brazilian coast. In 1838 
France blockaded the ports of Mexico as an 
act of redress for unsatisfied demands. In 
1845 France and Great Britain blockaded the 
ports and coasts of Buenos Ayres for the pur- 
pose of securing the independence of Uru- 
fuay. From 1865 till some scarcely defined 
ate Spain was at war with the republics on 
the west coast of South America. The bom- 
bardment of Valparaiso by a Spanish fleet was 
a prominent incident of the conflict. In 1831 
a United States man-of-war dispersed the 
Buenos Ayrean colony on the Malvinas, or 
Falkland islands, and released some of our 
citizens who had been arrested there for kill- 
ing seals on the coast. In 1846 we went to war 
with Mexico. In 1854 the commander of one of 
our men-of-war, having failed to obtain from 
the town of Greytown an indemnity of $24,000 
for the seizure and destruction of property, 
and an apology for an affront to the American 
minister by some of the inhabitants of the 
place, bombardad it, and afterward, "in or- 
der to inculcate a lesson never to be forgot- 
ten," burned such buildings as were left 
standing. In 1859 we sent an expedition to 



THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 



75 



obtain redress from Paraguay. In 1890, while 
the Pan-American conference was In session, 
congress passed an act to authorize the presi- 
dent to use force to collect a claim from Vene- 
zuela. In 1892 we sent an ultimatum to Chile, 
with which she had the wisdom to comply. 

The suggestion has lately been made in va- 
rious quarters that it is a violation of the 
Monroe doctrine for a European power to em- 
ploy force against an American republic for 
the purpose of collecting a debt or satisfying 
a pecuniary demand, whatever may have 
been its origin. As has been seen, there is 
nothing in President Monroe's declarations 
even remotely touching this subject; and the 
examples I have given of the employment of 
force oy the united States as well as by other 
powers for such objects show that the Ameri- 
can republics have not heretofore been sup- 
posed to enjoy so desirable an exemption. 
But I think I can trace the idea to its origin. 
In Wharton's "International Law Digest," 
under the section entitled "Monroe Doctrine," 
there is the following sentence: "The govern- 
ment of the United States would regard with 
frave anxiety an attempt on the part of 
'ranee to force by hostile pressure the pay- 
ment by Venezuela of her debt to French 
citizens." The authorities cited for this state- 
ment are two alleged manuscript instructions 
of Mr. Elaine's to our minister to France, of 
July 23 and Dec. 16, 1881. The whole matter is, 
however, erroneously stated. The instruc- 
tions are both published in the volume of 
"Foreign Relations for 1881." They refer not 
to "hostile pressure," but to a rumored design 
on the part of France of "taking forcible pos- 
session of some of the harbors and a portion 
of the territory of Venezuela in compensation 
for debts due to citizens of the French repub- 
lic." They nowhere express any "grave anxi- 
ety." They do not mention the Monroe doc- 
trine. They merely argue that such a pro- 
ceeding as that reported to be in con- 
templation would be unjust to other 
creditors of Venezuela, including the United 
States, since It would deprive them of 
a part of their security. And they express 
the "solicitude" of the government of 
the United States "for the higher object 
of averting hostilities between two repub- 
lics, for each of which it feels the most sin- 
cere and enduring friendship." It is plain 
that this latest development of the Monroe 
doctrine, based upon the erroneous passage 
in "Wharton's Digest," has no actual founda-; 
tion whatever. 

The recent proceedings of the British at 
Corinto have in nowise involved either the 
Monroe doctrine or the Polk doctrine. On 
the 16th of August last the Nicaraguan com- 
missioner at Blueflelds, Senor Madriz, invited 
a number of persons, including two citizens 
of the United States and twelve British sub- 



jects, one of whom was the British pro-consul, 
to call upon him. Each one of the persons so 
invited laid aside his business and proceeded 
to the commissioner's office. When they 
arrived there they were ushered in, but not 
into the presence of the commissioner. On 
the contrary, they were arrested and forcibly 
deported from the country. No information 
as to the cause of their arrest was given them. 
They were denied all opportunity to arrange 
their business or to visit their families before 
their forcible expulsion. The two American 
citizens were, in the following October, per- 
mitted to return to the country under circum- 
stances tending to soothe their feelings. 
Some of the British subjects were "pardoned" 
and permitted to return toward the close of 
December. Among those not "pardoned" was 
the British pro-consul, Mr. Hatch. For the 
violent treatment of her consular representa- 
tive Great Britain exacted a fine of $75,000 as 
punitive damages or "smart money." The 
amount of the fine may seem somewhat 
large. But it is not so large as to involve the 
independence of the country, and its payment 
would not entail so great a general loss, to say 
nothing of individual suffering, as the bom- 
bardment and destruction of a commercial 
town. The question of the private losses of 
her subjects Great Britain offered to leave to 
arbitration. 

It has been suggested that the seizure of the 
custom house at Corinto, with a view to 
obtain the amount of the fine by the collec- 
tion of customs duties at that port, was a 
violation of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, which 
forbids the United States and Great Britain 
to "occupy" any part of Central America. 
But the occupation referred to in the treaty 
is occupation as an exercise of dominion or 
sovereignty, and not merely as an act of war. 
The treaty says that neither party shall 
"occupy, or fortify, or colonize, or assume or 
exercise any dominion" over Nicaragua or 
any part of Central America, The saving 
clause as to the assumption or exercise of 
"dominion" colors the whole passage and 
clearly discloses its meaning. The seizure of 
a custom house and the collection of duties 
by a foreign power, while it involves the 
doing of things that properly belong to the 
sovereign of the country, cannot, when done 
as an act of war. and therefore adversely and 
in avowed hostility to the sovereign, be con- 
sidered as an assumption or exercise of 
dominion or sovereignty. Every hostile force 
exercises dominion, in the sense of actual 
control, over the territory which it physically 
holds. But it does not thereby acquire 
dominion in the legal sense of absolute 
ownership or sovereign control. 

[The foregoing on the Monroe doctrine was 
written for and published in the New York 
Evening Post and is reprinted by permission.] 



THE UNEXPLORED GLOBE. 



Leaving out of account the very imper- 
fectly known regions of central Asia and 
the interior of the northern parts of both 
North and South America, as well as the sim- 
ilar areas of Africa and Australia, there is an 
aggregate area of about 20,0011,000 of square 
miles of the surface of the globe as yet quite 
unexplored. This aggregate is made up as 
follows: 

Sq. miles. 

Africa ...6,500,000 

Australia 2.2r>O.OUO 

North America 1.500.000 

South America 500,000 

Asia 250.100 

Islands 500,000 



Arctic regions 3,500.000 

Antarctic regions 5,000,000 

Total 20,000,000 

When we add to this great total not merely 
the enormous areas of only partially explored 
regions, but also those that, though explored, 
are not yet accurately surveyed, it will be 
seen that the field for further geographical 
exploration and research is abundantly wide; 
for the globe cannot be said to be geographic- 
ally conquered until all its physical features 
are. accurately known and mapped, and all 
its habitable lands, at least, have been cov- 
ered with the network of a complete geodetic 
triangulation. 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 



CHINA, JAPAN AND KOREA. 



Our record of the war In Asia in the Dally 
News Almanac for 1895 closed Dec. 15, 1894. At 
the end of the year 1894 the Japanese armies 
were distributed as follows: The first army, 
which, after the fall of Port Arthur, had 
moved northward In the direction of Mouk- 
den, finding the region wasted and deserted 
except by roaming guerrilla bands which an- 
noyed the troops greatly, abandoned the 
expedition and joined the second army under 
Gen. Oyama, which was in the vicinity of Kai- 
Pheng. The third army, under Count Saigo, 
was reported at Sha-ho, to the west of Chefoo. 
The Chinese were totally discouraged and de- 
sirous of peace. Toward the end of Decem- 
ber it was officially announced from Washing- 
ton that John W. Foster, who succeeded Mr. 
Blaine as secretary of state in Mr. Harrison's 
administration, had been appointed by the 
Chinese government as legal adviser to two 
peace plenipotentiaries who were to be sent to 
Japan for the purpose of arranging a treaty of 
peace between the two countries. 

The new year (1895) opened with great activ- 
ity on the part of the Japanese forces. The 
capture of Kai-Pheng on the 10th of January 
gave them complete mastery over the Liao- 
Tung peninsula, at the extreme end of which 
Port Arthur is situated. The capture of 
Kai-Pheng was one of the most brilliant ma- 
neuvers of the war and gave the Japanese the 
control of the whole province of Shun-Klng. 
During January and February four attempts 
were made by the Chinese to retake Hai- 
tcheng, but they were disastrous failures in 
which the Chinese losses were heavy. Feb. 
12 Ning-Hai-Chu was occupied, and a few days 
later the Japanese array at Kai-Pheng defeat- 
ed a Chinese army of 13,000 men, driving them 
northward to Ying-Chow. March 1 the Japa- 
nese captured Koushino. On the 4th of March 
a still greater defeat for the Chinese followed 
in the capture of Niu-Chwang on the Leano 
river. In this battle the Chinese lost 1,880 In 
killed and wounded and 500 prisoners. The 
two armies of the Japanese having formed a 
junction at Ying-Chow, they crossed the river 
and in a desperate battle at Thien-Ohwang- 
thai defeated the Chinese after a three hours' 
engagement. At this battle the Chinese loss 
was 2,000 men, 600 prisoners, and 18 large guns 
and a large quantity of military stores. A few 
days later the invaders took Niu-Chwang and 
three months' supply of stores which were to 
be sent to the northern Chinese army. Pekin, 
the capital of China, was now exposed to the 
victors. 

On the 19th of January the Japanese fleet 
began the movement against Wei-Hai-Wei 
The movement against this place continued 
until its capitulation, Feb. 13. when all the 
Chinese ships, arms, forts, guns, ammunition 
and other Chinese property fell into the hands 
of the Japanese. No oattle or series of bat- 
tles in the entire war equals the capture of 
the Chinese stronghold at Wei-Hai-Wei. The 
capture of the place is regarded by American 
and British naval authorities as one of the 
most remarkable events in the history of war. 
Its capture made Japan mistress of the gulf 
of Pe-Chi-Li and the .northern portion of the 
Yellow sea, while it opened another route to 
the Chinese capital. The Japanese pressed 
their advantages, seized Fisher island, cap- 
tured Makong and Yen-Tung. 

These successes of their enemy made China 
still more anxious for a cessation of hostili- 
ties. Preliminary negotiations for peace were 
made through Mr. Denby, United States min- 
ister to China, and Mr. Dun. United States 
minister to Japan. Through the instrumen- 
tality of these diplomats Japan expressed her 
willingness to reeive the envoy of China, pro- 



vided he came with plenipotentiary powers 
to make and ratify a treaty of peace. The 
reason for Japan's exacting these terms was 
that twice during the war China had made 
overtures of peace to Japan, the first after 
the fall of Port Arthur in November, 1894, and 
the second in January. 1895. In neither in- 
stance had the Chinese envoys the power to 
carry out the terms of peace that might be 
agreed upon. As a result of the failure of 
these efforts to secure peace China resolved 
to make overtures of peace in a manner ac- 
ceptable to Japan and her leading statesmen. 
Li Hung Chang was delegated to visit and 
treat with Japan for peace. He was given 
full power to negotiate upon four subjects 
(1) the independence of Korea, (2) a money in- 
demnity from China to Japan. (3) a cession of 
Chinese territory, and (4) the negotiation of a 
new treaty regarding commercial relations 
and other matters rendered necessary by the 
war. The Chinese ambassador arrived in 
Japan on the 19th of March. The first pro- 
posal of China was an armistice during the 
negotiations, to which Japan assented upon 
condition that the approaches to Pekin be 
surrendered. To this China objected and it 
appeared as if the negotiations were at an 
end. Such would have been the case but for 
an event which rather compelled Japan to 
grant an armistice. On the 24th of March Li 
Hung Chang was leaving the conference 
chamber and proceeding to his hotel with his 
attendants, when he was shot by a Japanese 
named Koyama, the bullet entering his cheek 
just below the eye. This assault, on the Chi- 
nese envoy produced the most profound sym- 
athy for him in Japan. The emperor sent 
im his own physicians and expressed his re- 
gret at the act. The imperial diet passed 
resolutions expressing its regret at the crime. 
The would-be assassin, who had lost two 
brothers in the war, whose death he desired to 
revenge, was arrested and sent to penal servi- 
tude for life. A three weeks' armistice was 
granted by Japan, to end AprilSO. During the 
armistice the Japanese, while abstaining 
from making war in China, pushed supplies of 
all kinds forward for her armies, prepared re- 
enforcements for marching to the front at a 
moment's notice and hurried forward prepa- 
rations for a great naval attack on Canton. 
On the other hand, negotiations for peace 
were hurried with equal celerity, with the 
result that on the 17th of April the war was 
ended by the formal signing of a treaty of 
peace. 
The following is the full text of the treaty: 

1. China recognizes Korea as a perfectly in- 
dependent nation. 

2. China cedes to Japan in perpetuity and 
full sovereignty the following territories, to- 
gether with all fortifications, arsenals and 
public property thereon: 

(a) The southern portion of the province of 
Feng-Tien within the following boundaries: 
The line of demarkation begins at the mouth 
of the River Yalu and ascends that stream to 
the mouth of the River An-ping; thence the 
line runs to Feng Huang: thence to Haicheng; 
thence to Ying Kow, forming a line which de- 
scribes the southern portion of the territory. 
The places above named are included in the 
ceded territory. When the line reaches the 
River Liao at Ying Kow it follows the course of 
that stream to its mouth, where it terminates. 
The mid-channel of the River Liao shall be 
taken as the line of demarkation. 

This cession also includes all islands apper- 
taining or belonging to the province of Feng- 
Tien situated in the eastern portion of the bay 
ot Liao-Tung and in the northern part of the 
Yellow sea. 



CHINA, JAPAN AND KOREA. 



77 



(b) The island of Formosa, together with all 
Islands appertaining or belonging to the &aid 
Island of Formosa. 

(c) The Pescadores group that is to say, all 
islands lying between the 119th and 120th de- 
grees of iongtitude east of Greenwich and the 
23d and 24tli degrees of north latitude. 

3. The alignments of the frontiers described 
in the preceding article shall be subject to veri- 
fication and demarcation on the spot by a joint 
commission of delimitation consisting of two 
or more Japanese and two or more Chinese 
delegates, to be appointed immediately after 
the exchange of the ratifications of this act. 
In case the boundaries laid down in this act 
are found to be defective in any point, either 
on account of topography or in consideration 
of good administration, it shall also be the 
duty of the delimitation commission to rec- 
tify the same. 

The delimitation commission will enter 
upon its duties as soon as possible, and will 
bring its labors to a conclusion within the 
period of one year after appointment. 

The alignments laid down in this act shall, 
however, be maintained until the rectifica- 
tions of the delimitation commission, if any 
are made, shall have received the approval of 
the governments of Japan and China. 

4. China agrees to pay to Japan as a war in- 
demnity the sum of 200.000,000 kuping taels, 
the said sum to be paid in eight installments. 
The first installment of 50.11)0,000 taels to be 
paid within six months and the second install- 
ment of 50,000,000 taels to be paid within twelve 
months after the exchange of the ratifications 
of this act. The remaining sum to be paid in 
six equal annual installments, as follows: The 
first of such equal annual installments to be 
paid within two years; the second within 
three years; the third within four years; the 
fourth within five years; the fifth within six 
years, and the sixth within seven years after 
the exchange of the ratifications of this act. 
Interest at the rate of 5 per centum per an- 
num shall begin to run on all unpaid portions 
of the said indemnity from the date the first 
installment falls due. 

China, however, shall have the right to pay 
by anticipation at any time any or all of said 
installments. In case the whole amount of 
the said indemnity is paid within three years 
after the exchange of the ratifications of the 
present act, all interest shall be waived and 
the interest for two years and a half or for any 
less period, if then already paid, shall be in- 
cluded as a part of the principal amount of the 
indemnity. 

5. The inhabitants of the territories ceded 
to Japan who wish to take up their residence 
outside the ceded districts shall be at liberty 
to sell their real property and retire. For this 
purpose a period of two years from the date 
of the exchange of the ratifications of the 
present act shall be granted. At the expira- 
tion of that period those of the inhabitants 
who shall not have left such territories shall, 
at the option of Japan, be deemed to be Jap- 
anese subjects. Each of the two governments 
shall, immediately upon the exchange of the 
ratifications of the present act, send one or 
more commissioners to Formosa to effect a 
final transfer of that province, and within the 
space of two months after the exchange of 
the ratifications of this act such transfer shall 
be completed. 

6. All treaties between Japan and China 
having come to an end in consequence of war, 
China engages, immediately upon the ex- 
change of the ratifications of this act, to ap- 
point plenipotentiaries to conclude, with the 
Japanese plenipotentiaries, a treaty of com- 
merce and navigation and a convention to 
regulate frontier intercourse and trade. The 
treaties, conventions and regulations now 



subsisting between China and European 
powers shall serve as a basis for the said 
treaty and convention between Japan and 
China. From the date of the exchange of the 
ratifications of this act until the said treaty 
and convention are brought into actual oper- 
ation the Japanese government, its officials, 
commerce, navigation, frontier intercourse 
and trade, industries, ships and subjects 
shall in every respect be accorded by China 
most-favored-nation treatment. 

China makes in addition the following con- 
cessions, to take eflect six months after the 
date of the present act: 

1. The following cities, towns and ports, in 
addition to those already opened, shall be 
opened to the trade, residence, industries and 
manufactures of Japanese subjects, under 
the same conditions and with the same priv- 
ileges and facilities as exist at the present 
open cities, towns and ports of China: 

1. Shashih, in the province of Hupeh. 

2. Chung King, in the province of Szechuan. 

3. Suchow, in the province of Kiang Su. 

4. Hangchow, in the province of Chekiang. 
The Japanese government shall have the 

right to station consuls at any or all of the 
above-named places. 

2. Steam navigation for vessels under the 
Japanese flag for the conveyance of passen- 
gers and cargo shall be extended to the fol- 
lowing places: 

1. On the upper Yang-tse river, from Ichang 
to Chung King. 

2. On the Woosungriver and the canal, from 
Shanghai to Suchow and Hangchow. 

The rules and regulations which now gov- 
ern the navigation of the inland waters of 
China by foreign vessels shall, so far as 
applicable, be enforced in respect of the 
above-named routes, until new rules and 
regulations are conjointly agreed to. 

3. Japanese subjects purchasing goods or 
produce in the interior of China or transport- 
ing imported merchandise into the interior of 
China shall have the right temporarily to rent 
or hire warehouses for the storage of the arti- 
cles so purchased or transported without the 
payment of any taxes or exactions what- 
ever. 

4. Japanese subjects shall be free to engage 
in all kinds of manufacturing industries in all 
the open cities, towns and ports of China, and 
shall be at liberty to import into China all 
kinds of machinery, paying only the stipu- 
lated import duties thereon. 

5. All articles manufactured by Japanese sub- 
jects in China shall in respect of inland transit 
and internal taxes, duties, charges and ex- 
actions of all kinds, and also in respect of 
warehousing and storage facilities in the in- 
terior of China, stand upon the same footing 
and enjoy the same privileges and exemptions 
as merchandise imported by Japanese sub- 
jects into China. 

6. In the event additional rules and regula- 
tions are necessary In connection with these 
concessions they shall be embodied in the 
treaty of commerce and navigation provided 
for by this article. . 

7. Subject to the provisions of the next suc- 
ceeding article, the evacuation of China by 
the armies of Japan shall be completely 
effected within three months after the ex- 
change of the ratifications of the present act. 

8. As a guaranty of the faithful perform- 
ance of the stipulations of this act China con- 
sents to the temporary occupation by the 
military forces of Japan of Wei-Hai-Wei, in 
the province of Shantung. - 

Upon the payment of the first two install- 
ments of the war indemnity herein stipulated 
for and the exchange of the ratifications of 
the treaty of commerce and navigation, the 
said place shall be evacuated by the Japanese 



78 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



forces, provided the Chinese government 
consents to pledge, under suitable and suf- 
ficient arrangements, the customs and revenue 
of China as security for the payment of the 
tinal installments of said indemnity. It is, 
however, expressly understood that no such 
evacuation shall take place until after the 
exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of 
commerce and navigation. 

9. Immediately upon the exchange of the 
latiflcations of this act all prisoners of war 
then held shall be restored, and China under- 
takes not to ill-treat or punish prisoners of 
war so restored to her by Japan. China also 
engages to at once release all Japanese sub- 
jects accused of being military spies or charged 
with any other military offenses. China fur- 
ther engages not to punish in any manner, 
nor allow to be punished, those Chinese sub- 
jects who have in any manner been compro- 
mised in their relations with the Japanese 
army during the war. 

30. All offensive military operations shall 
cease upon the exchange of the ratifications 
of tliis act. 

11. The present act shall be ratified by their 
majesties the emperor of Japan and the em- 
peror of China, and the ratifications shall be 
exchanged at Chefoo on the 8th day of the 
5th month of the 28th year of Meiji, corre- 
sponding to the 14th day of the 4th month of 
the 21st year of Kuang Hsu. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipo- 
tentiaries have signed the same and have af- 
fixed thereto the seal of their arms. 

Done at Shimonoseki in duplicate this 17th 
day of the 4th month of the 28th year of Meiji. 
corresponding to the 23d day of the 3d month 
of the 21st year of Kuang Hsu. 

COUNT ITO HIROBUMT (L.S.), 

Junii, Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of 
Paullownia, Minister President of State, 
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor 
of Japan, 

VISCOUNT MUTSU MUNEMITSU (L. s.V, 

Junii. First Class of the Imperial Order of the 
Sacred Treasure. Minister of State for Foreign 
Affairs, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the 
Emperor of Japan. 

Li HUNG CHANG (L. s.), 

Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor 
of China, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent, 
Senior Grand Secretary of State, Minister 
Superintendent of Trade for the Northern 
Ports of China, Viceroy of the Province of 
Chihli, and Earl of the First Rank. 

Li CHING FONG (L. s.), 

Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor 
of China. ox-Mtnister of the Diplomatic 
Service, of the Second Official Rank. 

SEPARATE ARTICLES. 

1. The Japanese military forces which are, 
under article 8 of the treaty of peace signed 
this day, to temporarily occupy Wei-Hai-Wei, 
shall not exceed one brigade, and from the 
date of the exchange of the ratifications of 
the said treaty of peace China shall pay 
annually one-fourth of the amount of the ex- 
penses of such temporary occupation; that is 
to say, at the rate of 500,000 kuping taels per 
annum. 

2. The territory temporarily occupied at 
Wei-Hai-Wei shall comprise tlie island of Liu 
Kung and a belt of land five Japanese ri 
wide, along the entire coast line of the bay of 
Wei-Hai-Wei. No Chinese troops shall be 
permitted to approach or occupy any places 
within a zone five Japanese ri wide beyond 
the boundaries of the occupied territory. 

3. The civil administration of the occupied 



territory shall remain in the hands of the 
Chinese authorities. But such authorities 
shall at all times be obliged to conform to the 
orders which the commander of the Japanese 
army of occupation may deem it necessary to 
give in the interest of the health, mainte- 
nance, safety, distribution or discipline of the 
troops. 

4. All military offenses committed within the 
occupied territory shall be subject to the ju- 
risdiction of the Japanese military authori- 
ties. 

5. The foregoing separate articles shall have 
the same force, value and effect as if they 
had been word for word inserted in the treaty 
of peace signed this day. 

In witness whereof the respective plenipo- 
tentiaries have signed the same and have af- 
fixed thereto the seal of their arms. 

Done at Shimonoseki. in duplicate, this 17th 
day of the 4th month of the 28th year of Meiji, 
corresponding to the 23d day of the 3d month 
of the 21st year of Kuang Hsu. 

COUNT ITO HIROBUMT [r.. s.], 
Junii, Grand Cross of Imperial Order of Paul- 
lownia, Minister President of State, Pleni- 
potentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of 
Japan. 

VISCOUNT MUTSU MUNEMITSU [i,. s.l, 
Junii, First Class of the Imperial Order of the 
Sacred Treasure, Minister of State for For- 
eign Affairs, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty 
the Emperor of Japan. 

Li HUNG CHANG [L. s.], 

Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor 
of China, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent, 
Senior Grand Secretary of State, Minister 
Superintendent of Trade for the Northern 
Ports of China. Viceroy of the Province of 
Chihli, and Earl of the First Rank. 

Li CHING FONG [L. s.]. 

Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor 
of China, ex-Minister of the Diplomatic 
Service, of the Second Official Rank. 

RATIFICATION. 

Mutsu Hito, by the grace of heaven emperor 
of Japan, and seated on the throne occupied 
by the same dynastv from time immemorial. 

To all to whom these presents shall come, 
greeting: 

WHEREAS, We have seen and examined 
each and every clause of the treaty of peace 
and separate articles which were signed and 
sealed at Shimonoseki by the plenipoten- 
tiaries of Japan and China on the 17th day of 
the 4th month of the 28th year of Meiji; and 
whereas, we have found them satisfactory 
and agreeable to us, we do therefore hereby 
accept and ratify the said treaty and sepa- 
rate articles. 

In witness whereof we have hereunto set 
our signature and caused the great seal of 
the empire to be fixed. 

Done at Hiroshima this 20th day of the 4th 
month of the 28th year of Meiji, corresponding 
to the 2,555th year from the coronation of the 
Kmperor Jimmu. 
[Seal of the empire.] [Imperial sign manual.] 

Countersigned : 

VISCOUNT MUTSU MUNEMITSU, 

Minister of Foreign Affairs. 



We recently complied with the request of 
hina, and in consequence appointed pleni- 
atentiaries and caused them to confer with 




THE ALASKAN BOUNDARY. 



Since then the governments of their majes- 
ties the emperors of Russia and Germany and 
of the republic of France have united in a 
recommendation to our government not to 
permanently possess the peninsula of Feng- 
Tien, our newly acquired territory, on the 
ground that such permanent possession would 
be detrimental to the lasting peace of the 
orient. 

Devoted as we unalterably are, and ever 
have been, to the principles of peace, we were 
constrained to take up arms against China 
for no other reason than our desire to secure 
for the orient an enduring peace. 

Now, the friendly recommendation of the 
three powers was equally prompted by the 
same desire. Consulting, therefore, the best 
interests of peace and animated by a desire 
not to bring upon our people added Hardships 
or to impede the progress of national destiny 
by creating new complications and thereby 
making the situation difficult and retarding 
the restoration of peace, we do not hesitate to 
accept such recommendation. 

By concluding the treaty of peace China has 
already shown her sincerity of regret forthe 
violation of her engagements, and thereby the 
justice of our cause has been proclaimed to 
the world. 

Under these circumstances we can find noth- 
ing to impair the honor and dignity of our em- 
pire if we now yield to the dictates of mag- 
nanimity and. taking into consideration the 
general situation, accept the advice of the 
friendly powers. 

Accordingly we have commanded our gov- 
ernment and have caused them to reply to the 
three powers in the above sense. 

Regarding the arrangements by which we 
will renounce the permanent possession of the 
peninsula, we have specially commanded our 
government that the necessary measures shall 
be made the subject of future negotiations 
and adjustment with the government of China. 

Now the exchange of ratifications of the 
treaty of peace has already been effected, the 
friendly relations between the two empires 
have been re-established and careful rela- 
tions with all other powers are also strength- 
ened. 

We therefore command our subjects to re- 
spect our will, to take into careful considera- 
tion the general situation, to be circumspect 
in all things, to avoid erroneous tendencies 



and not to impair or thwart the high aspira- 
tions of our empire. 

The 10th day, the 5th month of the 28th year 
of Meijl. 

[L. S.] [Imperial sign manual.] 

[Countersigned by all ministers of state.] 
The treaty produced a commotion In Europe 
when its terms were made public. The great 
commercial interests of several European 
powers were deemed to be threatened by its 
ratification and Russia, France and Germany 
protested against the terras of the settlement. 
To France and Spain as well the growing 
power of Japan in Asia was by no means 
welcome. Germany was influenced more by 
sympathy for China than by colonial or com- 
mercial reasons, while Russia could not per- 
mit Japan to secure so strong a foothold on 
the shores of the Yellow sea, to which she was 
constructing a transcontinental line of rail- 
road to connect Siberia with St. Petersburg. 
Russia, therefore, made a demand upon 
Japan, in which France and Germany joined, 
that the treaty be modified by re-ceding to 
China Port Arthur and the whole of the Liao- 
Tung peninsula. Notwithstanding the formal 
ratification of the treaty on the 19th of May, 
it was agreed that Japan should not make the 
occupation of the peninsula permanent, but 
insisted that the retrocession demanded 
should be arranged by China and Japan be- 
tween themselves. The retrocession was 
made, and it was publicly but not officially re- 
ported that Japan received $50.000.000 addi- 
tional indemnity from China for surrendering 
so valuable a part of its spoils of war. Thus 
ended one 01 the greatest wars of modern 
times. Its chief result has been that Japan 
has been admitted to the list of great naval 
and military powers, which position she has 
fairly won. Forty years ago Japan was a 
hermit nation, without trade and commerce, 
civilization or education. Since then she has 
become a naval power of the highest rank 
and fought battles on the seas, with all the 
appliances of modern naval warfare, that 
were the admiration of the world so far as the 
technique of modern naval warfare is con- 
cerned. She massed great armies of thor- 
oughly disciplined troops, supplied with the 
most approved arms and officered by soldiers 
whose SKill and ability won recognition from 
the great military commanders of the world. 
Japan is the miracle of modern history. 



THE ALASKAN BOUNDARY. 



Very unexpectedly the United States has 
been forced into a dispute with Great Britain 
over the location of the boundary line be- 
tween Alaska and British Columbia. It has 
occasioned a good deal of interest in the west, 
and the value of the region or territory in- 
volved is so great that it is probable the 
claims of Canada, which are espoused by the 
British government, will be resisted by our 
government with more determination than 
has usually characterized such controversies. 
Owing to the importance of the points in issue, 
and from the fact also that the dispute is to 
be a long if not a hitter one, it will be of serv- 
ice to give a history of the case as it now 
stands. 

On Feb. 28, 1825, Stratford Canning, British 
plenipotentiary, and Count de Nesselrode and 
Pierre de Poleticia, for Russia, signed a treaty 
whereby what is now Alaska became the 
property of Russia. Under this treaty the 
boundary was specifically set forth, as is 
shown in the two following sections from that 
instrument: 

SEC. 3. The line of demarkation between 
the possessions of the high contracting 
parties upon the coast of the continent and 
the islands of America to the northwest 



shall be drawn in the following manner: 
Commencing with the southernmost ppint of 
the island called Prince of Wales island, 
which point lies in the parallel of 54 degrees 
40 minutes north latitude, and between the 
131st degree and the 133d degree of west 
longitude, the same line shall ascend to the 
north along the channel called Portland 
channel as far as the point of the continent 
where it strikes the 5(!th degree of north lati- 
tude; from this last-mentioned point the line 
of demarkation shall follow the summit of 
the mountains situated parallel to the coast 
as far as the point of intersection of the 141st 
degree of west longitude (of the same 
meridian), and finally from the said point of 
intersection, the said meridian line of the 
141st degree, in its prolongation as far as the 
frozen ocean, shall form the limit between 
the Russian and British possessions on the 
continent of America to the northwest. 

SEC. 4. That wherever the summit of the 
mountains, which extend in a direction par- 
allel to the coast, from the 56th degree of 
north latitude to the point of intersection of 
the 141st degree of west longitude, shall prove 
to be at the distance of more than ten marine 
leagues from the ocean, the limit of the 



80 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



British possessions and the line of the coast 
which is to belong to Russia, as above men- 
tioned, shall be formed by a line parallel to 
the windings of the coast, and which shall 
never exceed the distance of ten marine 
leagues therefrom. 

In 1867 the United States purchased Alaska 
in its entirety from Russia, paying for it 
$7,200,000. England did not then raise the 
question as to the boundary, but during all 
the time that Russia was the possessor of 
Alaska, and up to 1889, a term of fifty-nine 
years forty-two years under Russian-British 
ownership and seventeen years under United 
States-British control the Alaskan boundary, 
as above set forth, was never questioned, but 
in all map* charts and British official mat- 
ters this boundary line was shown and repre- 
sented as American maps and official docu- 
ments still hold it, and as it came to this gov- 
ernment from Russia. Between 1825 and 1867 
the Russians had officially occupied all the 
territory west of Portland channel, and fol- 
lowing the transfer of Alaska to the United 
States in 1867 our government did the same 
thing. From 1867 to 1887 United States troops 
were stationed at Fort Tongass, at the mouth 
of Portland channel, and customs officials 
were stationed there as late as 1889. All this 
was without any protest from either Great 
Britain or Canada, the boundary line estab- 
lished in 1825 being recognized by Great Brit- 
ain, Canada and the United States. In 1S84 
the Dominion of Canada on its maps and ter- 
ritorial charts changed the Alaskan boundary 
line to suit its own purpose, but the dominion 
press was silent on this point till 1892. That 
the British government recognized what the 
Dominion of Canada makes claim to is proved 
by the fact that at the instigation of her maj- 
esty's government the United States on July 
22, 1892, entertained Great Britain in a conven- 
tion, resulting in the appointment of a com- 
mission for the purpose as set forth in article 
1 of that convention: "Providing for the de- 
limitation of the existing boundary between 
the United States and her majesty's posses- 
sions in North America in respect to such por- 
tions of said boundary line as may not in fact 
have been, permanently marked in virtue of 
treaties heretofore concluded." 

Under this agreement the time allowed to 
complete surveys and submit final reports 
was Nov. 28, 1894, but by an agreement between 
the two governments in March, 1894, the time 
limit was extended to Dec. 31, 1895. 

The disputed lands are in the southeastern 
division of Alaska, in what is known as the 
panhandle of that vast territory, which di- 
vision alone comprises about 29,000 square 
miles of territory. The claim set up by the 
British government, which now conforms to 
its maps, charts, etc., since 1884, in brief is 
that instead of Portland channel, Behm 
channel, the first inlet west of Portland chan- 
nel, was meant; and, starting from this point, 
the line of demarkation as now extended by 
the British includes an area about 600 miles in 
length and of varying width up to 150 miles, 
including, as Mr. Begg, an English authority, 
reports, "about 100 miles of seacoast, with its 
harbors and the islands adjacent thereto." 
In pursuance of the international agreement, 
England and the United States have each 
had and now have engineering parties in the 
disputed territory. 

It is the universal report of Americans fully 
conversant with this section of Alaska, many 
of whom have traversed it repeatedly, that 
there is no defined range of mountains, as 
there would appear to be by the treaty re- 
ferred to, but that that particular section, ten 
marine leagues from the windings of the 
coast line, is a jumbled-up mountainous coun- 
try of varying width.whereas, by photographic 



views skillfully arranged, a continuous range 
may be shown as actually existing in strict 
continuity, though such representation would 

Dr. Sheldon Jackson, United States general 
agent of education in Alaska, in a recent in- 
terview in answer to the question, "Is there 
enough of value in. this disputed section to 
make a fuss about?" is reported to have said: 
"The funny part of it all is the cheek displayed 
by England in attempting to take in territory 
of which Russia and the United States have 
for sixty years had free and undisputed pos- 
session, and which our government now owns 
by right of purchase. No nation on the face 
of the earth that has self-respect would make 
such a claim. The value of the strip that the 
English government is now seeking to bring 
within its territorial limits is almost inestima- 
ble. Alaska last year in her fish canneries 
alone did a business of fully $3.000,000, the 
greater part of which business is in the dis- 
puted Alaskan territory. One of the famous 
gold mines of the world, valued in San Fran- 
cisco at $13,000,000, is in this section. Besides 
this there are many other gold and silver 
properties there thx' are rapidly being de- 
veloped, while the m Couched forests of this 
section are greater t^an any in the United 
States. Up to this ttme no timber has been 
shipped out of Alaska, the law of the United 
States preventing this, the forests being held 
under government control to prevent syndi- 
cates and speculators from getting in and 
taking up this vast extent of fine timber, and 
by this act we have held a forest reserve that 
will be of incalculable value to the United 
States in the future if she maintains her 
ownership thereto. Besides this, there are 
large deposits of copper, iron, coal and 
marble, which the British now claim. The 
population of Alaska is now 35.000, of which 
number about two-thirds are in this south- 
eastern or disputed division. The United 
States government now has twenty-eight 
schools in Alaska, and the religious denomi- 
nations are widely and liberally represented, 
and in no place in the world are they so 
systematically divided as to location as in 
Alaska, each different sect having located in 
separate districts throughout the great ter- 
ritory. The army of men who are working into 
the interior or main part of Alaska come by 
steamer to Chilkat, and thence follow a trail 
a distance of forty miles to Forty-Mile creek, 
where they build cheap rafts and float down 
the Yukon river a distance of 600 miles to the 
inland gold fields. If the English claims to 
territory are made good, these headwaters 
will become their possessions, and the harbors 
now in American hands will fly the British 
flag, and the great gateway to the interior of 
Alaska will be controlled by this would-be 
usurper." 

Miner W. Bruce, the well-known Alaskan 
explorer, in discussing the claims Great 
Britain is making, is reported to have said: 
"The Canadians have always proceeded very 
cautiously and secretly in this matter. Al- 
though the Canadian maps have changed 
the Alaskan boundary according to Canadian 
ideas, still the press of the country has been 
singularly silent, which means no good for 
America or Americans. It has been said that 
Alaska was not very valuable, anyway, but 
why, then, should Canada be so anxious to 
secure it? Why should surveying parties be 
sent out at great expense in the dead of 
winter? The country which England is 
endeavoring to secure is the key to the gold 
mines of the Yukon and the interior, and for 
that reason is immensely valuable. Even 
the people at Washington city are supremely 
ignorant of the value of the resources of 
Alaska. A well-known American diplomat at 



ALIEN LAND-OWNING. 



81 



ost. Te act is tat Aasa as prouce 
ore than $08,000,000 since her purchase by the 
United Stated in the fishing and seal indus- 
tries, not including the output of her mines. 
The commerce and trade of the country have 
also been much greater than the casual ob- 
server could possibly conceive of." 

The acquisition of the coal fields of Alaska 
by England is of far more Importance than 
may be appreciated by our government. To 
make this matter plainer, it is well to call at- 
tention to the fact that the only coal supply 
station now open to the United States on the 
Pacific coast is on Puget sound. The Alaskan 
coal deposits have been proved to be very 
extensive, although not yet being opened up 
to the commercial world. England now, 
through the Dominion of Canada, has vast 
coal fields in British Columbia. The only 
ocean inlet to Puget sound is the strait of San 
Juan de Fuca, washing the shores of United 
States territory on the south and the British 
possessions on the north. It may be pertinent 
in this connection to say that the English 



government is now at work on strong fortifi- 
cations on the shores of this strait, fortifica- 
tions that will cost millions of dollars and will 
not be exceeded for impregnability by any 
fort on the eontinent. with these the strait 
of San Juan de Fuca will be practically under 
British control, and with the Alaskan coal 
fields owned by England the United States 
would not have a coaling station in the entire 
Pacific waters. Besides this, England at all 
times has a liberal fleet of warships at Esqui- 
malt, Vancouver island, the point where the 
great fort is now being constructed. 

The revenues now derived by the British 
from their Inland possessions bordering on 
Alaska are of such extent that she is looking 
with jealous eye upon the rich country, the 
harbors, the lumber, the coal, the mineral 
wealth, the fishing and seal industry, all with- 
in the lands and waters now the property of 
the United States, and for the continued own- 
ership of which the Americans on the North 
Pacific coast are exceedingly anxious that the 
government at Washington shall resist the 
claims of Great Britain with all its energy and 
power. 



ALIIK LAND-OWNING. 



The evils resulting from the large holdings 
of American real estate by alien landlords 
have been severely felt by many of the new 
and some of the older states of the union. 
These foreign land-owners impede the devel- 
opment of the states in which their holdings 
are located. They refuse to sell their lands, 
and prefer to establish a system of agencies 
and bailiffs detrimental to the state and the 
counties in which the lands are located. 

Several state legislatures, notably in Illi- 
nois, Kansas, and Nebraska, have made ef- 
forts to deal with the question, but so far 
with only indifferent success. 

The government of the United States has 
passed a law to restrict ownership of real es- 
tate in the territories to American citizens, 
and such law is still in force. The act of 1878 
provided that "it shall be unlawful for any 
person or persons not citizens of the United 
States, or who have not lawfully declared 
their intention to become such citizens, or for 
any corporation not created by or under the 
laws of the United States or of some state or 
territory of the United States, to hereafter ac- 
quire, hold or own real estate so hereafter 
acquired, or any interest therein, in any of the 
territories of the United States or in the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, except such as may be ac- 
quired by inheritance or In good faith in the 
ordinary course of justice in the collection of 
debts heretofore created." The second section 
provides that no corporation of which more 
than 20 per cent of the capital stock is held by 
aliens shall acquire or hold real estate In the 
territories. The third section regulates the 
holding of lands by railway, turnpike and 
canal companies, and the fourth provides that 
"all property acquired, held or owned in viola- 
tion of the provisions of this act shall be for- 
feited to the United States." 

In 1887 the state of Illinois passed a law to 
restrict the right of aliens to acquire and hold 
real property. The fact that Viscount Scully 
practically owns the best parts of the counties 
of Logan, Livingston and Tazewell, and is 
conducting a system of tenantry offensive to 
the people, was the cause of the law. The law 
provides that: 

"A non-resident alien, firm of aliens, or cor- 
poration incorporated under the laws of any 
foreign country, shall not be capable of ac- 
quiring title to or taking or holding any land 
or real estate in this state, by descent, devise, 
purchase or otherwise, except that the heirs of 



aliens who have heretofore acquired lands in 
this state under the laws thereof, and the 
heirs of aliens who may acquire land under 
the provisions of this act, may take such lands 
by devise or descent and hold the same for the 
space of three years and no longer, if such 
alien at the time of so acquiring such land is of 
the age of twenty-one years, and if not twen- 
ty-one years of age, then for the term of five 
years from the time of so acquiring such 
lands; and If, at the end of the time nereln 
limited, such lands so acquired by such alien 
heirs have not been sold to bona-flde purchas- 
ers for value or such alien heirs have not be- 
come actual residents of this state, the same 
shall revert and escheat to the state of Illi- 
nois the same as the lands of other aliens 
under the provisions of this act." Some of the 
other western states have similar laws. 

All that has been done to limit alien land- 
holding has been at the instance and through 
the influence of the organized associations of 
the tenantry on such estates in the several 
states, and their movements have always been 
attended with the utmost secrecy. Such an 
association exists in Illinois, Nebraska, Iowa 
and Kansas to resist to the utmost the de- 
mands of the English landlords. The organi- 
zation is a secret one and is the first really 
agrarian agitation in American history. The 
association has already influenced legislation 
in a marked degree. 

This development in the situation more 
than anything else has caused the English 
land-owners to form an alliance among them- 
selves. The movement was first proposed in 
the Interest of the Scully estate in Illinois. 
It is intended to have an agent in attendance 
at the meetings of the legislatures of all the 
states involved this winter. The matter was 
brought to the attention of the British am- 
bassador to the United States in the fall of 
1894, when he visited the London foreign 
office, but what is to be done in the matter no 
one cares to say. The English owners feel 
that they have not been fairly dealt with by 
their American tenantry, and it is likely that 
this year (1896) will witness a crisis in the 
entire western agrarian movement. The 
duke of Beaufort and the duke of Suther- 
land both assert that the meetings of the 
land-owners now periodically held at the 
Bank of England are meant entirely to effect 
economy in the collection of rents. At 
present each land-owner has his set of agents, 



82 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 



who work Independently. By consolidating 
the collection systems the landlords hope to 
expedite business. The tenants profess to be 
alarmed by this new development. They see 
in it more rack-renting, and committees have 
been detailed to obtain legal redress if pos- 
sible. At any event there is in prospect for 
the first time an open war between the 
British land-owners and their tenants in 
America. 

It is impossible to give a strictly accurate 
list of the foreign land-owners and their real- 
estate holdings in this country, but the fol- 
lowing comprises the names of the largest 
syndicates and individual holders, with the 
acreage under their control and their loca- 
tion. While not complete, it shows the extent 
of the evil against wnich so much complaint 
is made in many quarters: 

The Texas Land Union (Syndicate No. 3) 
owns 3,000,000 acres. Interested peers: Baron- 
ess Burdett-Coutts, Earl Cadogan, H. C. Fitz- 
roy Somerset (duke of Beaufort), William 
Alexander Lochiel Stephenson Douglas-Ham- 
ilton (duke of Beaudon), the duke of Rutland, 
U. J. Kay-Shuttleworth and Ethel Cadogan 
(maid in waiting to the queen). This syndicate 
owns whole counties in Texas and tens of 
thousands of persons pay it rentals. 

Sir Edward Reid. 2,000.000 acres in Florida 
only. This syndicate includes the present 
duchess of Marlborough, Lady Randolph 
Churchill and Lady Lister-Kaye. 

Viscount Scully, 3.000,000 acres in central 
Illinois. His lordship maintains an elaborate 
system of bailiffs. 

Syndicate No, 4, 1,800.000 acres in Mississippi. 
It includes the marquis of Dalhousie, George 
Henry Howard Cholmondeley (Viscount Chol- 
mondeley), Georgiania (Viscountess Cross), 
the Hon. Lady Hamilton Gordon and the 
Hon. Lady Biddulph. 

Marquis of Tweedale, 1,750,000 acres. The 
marquis is William Montagu Hay, notorious 
in Scotland as the rack-rentlord. 

Phillips, Marshall & Co., London, 1,300,000 



acres. This firm has the whole peerage for 
its clients. 

The Anglo-American Syndicate, London, 
750,000 acres. The funds of widowed peeresses 
are largely Invested here. The lands are in 
the south and west. 

Bryan H. Evans, 700.000 acres in Mississippi. 
Mr. Evans resides in London. 

The duEe of Sutherland, 125.000 acres. The 
duke is widely known as a rack-rent nobleman 
of police court fame. 

The British Land Company, 320,000 acres in 
Kansas. 

William Whalley, 310,000 acres. Mr. Whal- 
ley is the squire of Peterboro, England. 

The Missouri Land Company, 300,000 acres 
in Missouri. It has headquarters at Edin- 
burgh. 

Robert Tennant, 230,000 acres. This is all 
farming land. Mr. Tennant lives in London. 

Dundee Land Company, 247 ,000 acres. 

Lord Dunmore, 120,000 acres. 

Benjamin Newgast Liverpool, 100,000 acres. 

Lord Houghton. 60/000 acres in Florida. 

Lord Dunraven. 60.000 acres in Colorado. 

English Land Company, 50,000 acres in Cali- 
fornia. 

English Land Company, 50,000 acres in 
Arkansas. 

Alexander Grant, London, 35,000 acres in 
Kansas. 

Syndicate No. 6. 110,000 acres in Wisconsin. 
This syndicate includes the earl of Verulam 
and the earl of Lankeville. 

M. Elfenhauser, Halifax, 600,000 acres in 
West Virginia. 

Syndicate No. 1. 50,000 acres in Florida. This 
is a Scotch concern. 

It is claimed that fully 20,000.000 acres of 
American land are thus owned by great land- 
owners in England and Scotland. This does 
not include the Holland Syndicate, which 
owns 5,000,000 acres of grazing land in western 
states, nor the German Syndicate, owning 
2,000,000 acres in various states. 



THE TORREKS SYSTEM. 
Registration and transfer of title to real estate. 



Illinois Is the first state in the union to move 
in the direction of adopting the so-called Tor- 
rens system of registration and transfer of 
the title to real estate. The system is by no 
means a new one except on this continent. It 



Prussia, Bavaria and other European states, 
notably in Hamburg, where it has been used 
for upward of 600 years. It has been in use 
since 1858 in South Australia, since 1861 in 
Queensland, since 1862 in Victoria and New 
South Wales, since 1863 in Tasmania, since 
1870 in New Zealand and British Columbia, 
since 1874 in parts of England and in Western 
Australia, since 1884 in Ontario (Canada) and 



since 1885 in Manitoba, 
tried system. 



It is therefore no un- 



Chicago invited Mr. Theodore Sheldon to ex- 
plain the Torrens system, which invitation he 
accepted. Soon after the State Bar Association 
procured the adoption of a joint resolution by 
the XXXVIlth general assembly authorizing 



system and report to the governor. The gov- 
ernor appointed as that commission James K. 
Edsall. Theodore Sheldon and Willis G. Jack- 
son. of Chicago. George W. Prince of Gales- 
burg and Frank II. Jones of Springfield. The 
death of Mr. Edsall made a vacancy which 
was tilled by the appointment of H B. Hurd. 



into effect was presented to the legislature in 
1893. It passed the senate by a vote of 28 yeas 
to 4 nays, but lacked 7 votes of a majority 
in the house and failed. At the session of the 
legislature in 1895 the bill was again pre 
' ' "., 1ST 



sented, passed and became a law July 1, 1895. 
It does not, however, become operative until 
it is submitted to a vote of the people of a 
county and adopted by a majority of the 
votes cast. 

The great purpose of the Torrens system is 
to free land titles of the expense of convey- 
ance, the perils that have always attended 
real-estate transactions and the expense of 
investigating chains of title back through 
former owners. Judge Hurd, one of the com- 
missioners of the state appointed to investi- 
gate the system, gives the following as to its 
details: "The first step Is to provide an 
officer, or set of officers, experts who can 
make an examination of title once for all 
down to a given time that is, down to the 
time of the application to have the title reg- 
istered; and the title being found to be in the 
applicant, to certify that fact, entering the 
certificate in a book called the register, and 
delivering a copy to the owner, which certifi- 
cate is conclusive as to ownership. 

"This is called registering the title, and is 
quite a different thing from recording the in- 
struments of conveyance or keeping an ab- 

The report of the commission was made in I stract of them. The title being thus registered, 
December. 1S92 The commission favored the the next thing is to provide for subsequent 
adoption of the system and a bill carrying it I dealings so that at each transfer of the title 



IMPORTANT LEGISLATION. 



all questions of form and substance must be 
conclusively settled so that the purchaser will 
get just what he buys. If he buys a fee-simple 
clear of all Incumbrances he will get a fee- 
simple clear of all incumbrances; it he buys 
subject to incumbrance or any less interest 
than a fee it will appear upon the register and 
in the certificate that will be delivered to him, 
and there is no going back of the certificate. 
It is a matter of no consequence to him who 
owned the land before him, or how many 
owners there may have been, or what nice 
questions of law have been or might be raised 
upon the various conveyances through which 
it has come down to him; they have all been 
settled and dropped into oblivion. 

"All this is made practicable and compara- 
tively easy by the simple manner in which the 
register is kept. The first certificate is the 
first thing that will appear in the register, this 
being a new root of title, back of which it is 
not necessary to go; ail that need be attended 
to is the subsequent dealings. If the registered 
owner mortgages it, the mortgage will be filed 
in the office of the registrar and a memorial of 
mortgage will be entered immediately under 
the certificate of title. When the mortgage 
is released the notation will be canceled. If 
an execution or attachment is levied upon 
the land the fact is certified to the registrar 
and he enters at the same place a memorial 
of the fact. When that is disposed of the 
memorial is disposed of, and so on as to every- 
thing that may affect the title up to the time 
of the next transfer. 

'When the owner wishes to transfer the land 
he surrenders his certificate of title and it is 
canceled. A new one is issued to the trans- 
feree, which is registered upon a new page. 
The dealings under the old certificate are 
closed and thereafter will proceed under the 
new. Bach-successive certificate constitutes 
a new root of title. If the transfer is subject 
to incumbrances or outstanding interests of 
any kind the notation of them under the 
former certificate will be brought forward by 
entry under the new. 

" When only a part of the land described in a 
certificate of title is transferred a new certifi- 
cate is issued to the transferee for what he 
gets and another to the owner for the balance, 
I have not attempted to go into exceptions, 
as in case of frauds, etc., or into particulars 
beyond sufficient to give an understanding of 
the leading principles upon which the system 
proceeds, which may be'summed up in a single 
line: Clear up everything as you go along and 
have no afterclaps. Short accounts and fre- 
quent settlements avoid difficulties." 

Sir Hobert Torrens, after whom the system 
is named, because he more than any one else 
has systematized the various modes of pro- 



cedure in vogue in various countries into the 
modern plan, says: "It is not necessary to ex- 
amine abstracts of title these no longer ex- 
ist they having been delivered up to the reg- 
istrar, and that officer, when he grants a cer- 
tificate of title, cancels all previous evidences 
of title. Accordingly, an investor runs no 
risk of blunder or any incompetency of the 
conveyancer or examining solicitor. Every 
transaction has Its complete security and 
finality. 

"In fine, the benefits which have attended 
this measure, wherever adopted in its integ- 
rity, may be summed up: 

"1. It has substituted security for insecurity. 

"2. It has reduced the cost of conveyancing 
from pounds to shillings and the time occu- 
pied from months to days. 

"3. It has exchanged obscurity and verbiage 
for brevity and clearness. 

"4. It has so simplified ordinary dealings 
that he who has mastered the 'three R's' can 
transact his own conveyancing. 

"5. It affords protection against fraud. 

"6. It has restored to their just value many 
estates, held under good holding titles, but 
depreciated in consequence of some blur or 
technical defect, and barred the recurrence of 
any similar fault. 

"7. It has largely diminished the number of 
chancery suits by removing those conditions 
that afford grounds for them." 

In a British province where the Torrens sys- 
tem has been in force for some time the regis- 
trar-general sums up its benefits as follows: 

"1. "The title to real property has been greatly 
simplified without radical changes in the gen- 
eral law. 

"2. Stability of title, with safety to purchas- 
ers and mortgagees, has been secured. 

"3. The ownership of property, either In 
town or country, is shown by the register at a 
glance, and whether it is incumbered or not. 

"4. It increases the salable value of prop- 
erty. 

"5. It enables both venders and purchasers to 
accurately ascertain the expenses of carrying 
out any sale or transfer. 

"6. It protects trusts, estates and benefici- 
aries. 

"7. It prevents fraud and protects purchasers 
and mortgagees from misrepresentations. 

"8. It has secured the chief advantages of 
the old system of recording of deeds (of which 
notice is the most important principle) and 
has operated so as to almost entirely dispense 
with investigations of prior title." 

The system has lately been considered by a 
Humber of states New York, Massachusetts, 
Maryland, Minnesota, Tennessee. California, 
Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Wisconsin and 
possibly some others. 



IMPORTANT LEGISLATION. 

The following is a synopsis of the last session of the LUId Congress to March 4, 1895, when 
it expired by limit of law: 



FOR RELIEF OF HOMESTEADERS. 

WHKKEAS, During the summer and autumn 
of 181(1 extensive forest fires prevailed in 
northern Wisconsin, Minnesota and Michi- 
gan, resulting in the death of many home- 
steaders and their families, the destruction of 
their property and effects, and of much of the 
green timber growing upon them, which home- 
steads are valuable chiefly for the timber 
standing and growing on them; and, 

WHEREAS, tinder existing law homestead- 
ers are not allowed to cut or sell green or 
burned timber, except for the purpose of 
clearing and improving, and all burned timber 
not cut within a short period will become 
worthless and a loss to the settler and the 
government; therefore. 



Be it enacted 1>\I the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives of the United States of America in 
Conr/ress assembled, That all such persons actu- 
ally occupying homesteads in said states of 
Wisconsin, Minnesota and Michigan at the 
time of such fires, upon claims under the laws 
of the United States, on lands of the United 
States, whose property and buildings were de- 
stroyed by such fires, and the heirs of all such 
persons who perished by such fires, and all 
persons who by reason of such fires and loss 
of property were obliged to leave their home- 
steads, are hereby granted two years' addi- 
tional time in which to make final proof. And 
temporary absence for any period within two 
years from the date of this act shall be deemed 
constructive possession and residence, but 



84 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



shall not be deducted from the time required 
to make final proof. 

SEC. 2. That all persons whose property was 
destroyed by such flres, and the heirs of all 

Eersons who were actual occupants of the 
omesteads at the time of the fire, and who 
lost their lives in and by that flre, may, by 
proving such actual occupancy at the date of 
such flres, make proof showing compliance 
with the law up to the date of the flre, and 
shall make payment at the minimum price 
under existing statues, in the same manner as 
if such claimants were alive, and upon re- 
ceipt of such proof of loss of property by 
such flres, or death of the claimant, heirs 
surviving, and upon payment as aforesaid, a 
patent shall be issued to such claimant, or his 
or her heirs. 

SEC. 3. That the claimant upon any home- 
stead, who by reason of not having lived there- 
on the necessary length of time to enable him 
to commute under section 2301 of the revised 
statutes as amended by the act of March 3, 
1891, his heirs, executor, administrator, or 
guardian of his minor heirs, may, when the 
quantity of timber destroyed upon his or her 
homestead shall not exceed 75,000 feet of mer- 
chantable green timber, file an estimate in 
the land office where such homestead was 
entered, with such reasonable proofs as the 
commissioner of public lands may prescribe, 
as to the quantity of timber destroyed upon 
any sectional subdivision, and thereupon the 
register and receiver may, under the direction 
of the commissioner of public lands, issue 
a license or permit to cut the burned timber 
I on any homestead or sectional fraction 
thereof, upon payment of the sum of $1.25 per 
acre for such sectional subdivision, and the 
government shall issue a patent for the same 
to the claimant or his or her heirs. 

Approved Jan. 19, 1895. 

COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS' TICKETS. 

An amendment to the Interstate commerce 
law provided that nothing in this act shall 
prevent the issuance of joint interchangeable 
5,000-mile tickets, with special privileges as to 
the amount of free baggage that may be car- 
ried under mileage tickets of 1,000 or more 
miles. But before any common carrier, sub- 
ject to the provisions of this act, shall issue 
any such joint interchangeable mileage tick- 
ets with special privileges, as aforesaid, it 
shall file with the interstate commerce com- 
mission copies of the joint tariffs of rates, 
fares or charges on which such joint inter- 
changeable mileage tickets are to be based, 
together with specifications of the amount of 
free baggage permitted to be carried under 
such tickets, in the same manner as common 
carriers are required to do with regard to other 
joint rates by section 6 of this act; and all the 
provisions of said section 6 relating to joint 
rates, fares and charges shall be observed by 
said common carriers and enforced by the 
interstate commerce commission as fully 
with regard to such joint interchangeable 
mileage tickets as with regard to other joint 
rates, fares and charges referred to in said 
section 6. It shall be unlawful for any com- 
mon carrier that has issued or authorized to 
be issued any such joint interchangeable mile- 
age tickets to.demand, collect or receive from 
any person or persons a greater or less com- 
pensation for transportation of persons or bag- 
gage under such joint interchangeable mile- 
age tickets than that required by the rate, fare 
or charge specified in the copies of the joint 
tariff of rates, fares or charges filed with the 
commission in force at the time. The pro- 
visions of section 10 of this act shall apply to 
any violation of the requirements of this 
proviso. 

Approved Feb. 8, 1895. 



GETTYSBURG MILITARY PARK. 

That the secretary of war is hereby author- 
ized to receive from the Gettysburg Battle- 
field Memorial Association, a corporation 
chartered by the state of Pennsylvania, a 
deed of conveyance to the United States of 
all the lands belonging to said association, 
embracing about 800 acres, more or less, and 
being a considerable part of the battlefield of 
Gettysburg, together with all rights of way 
over avenues through said lands acquired by 
said association, and all improvements made 
by it in and upon the same. Upon the due 
execution and delivery to the secretary of 
war of such deed of conveyance, the secre- 
tary of war is authorized to pay to the said 
Battlefield Memorial Association the sum of 
$2,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary 
to discharge the debts of said asspciation. the 
amount of such debts to be verified by the 
officers thereof, and the sum of $2,000 is here- 
by appropriated, out of any money in the 
treasury not otherwise appropriated, to meet 
and defray such charges. 

SEC. 2. That as soon as the lands aforesaid 
shall be conveyed to the United States the 
secretary of war shall take possession of the 
same, and such other lands on the battlefield 
as the United States have acquired, or shall 
hereafter acquire, by purchase or condemna- 
tion proceedings; and the lands aforesaid 
shall be designated and known as the "Gettys- 
burg National Park." 

SEC. 3. That the Gettysburg National Park 
shall, subject to the supervision and direction 
of the secretary of war, be in charge of the 
commissioners heretofore appointed by the 
secretary of war for the location and acqui- 
sition of lands at Gettysburg, and their suc- 
cessors; the said commissioners shall have 
their office at Gettysburg, and while on duty 
shall be paid such compensation out of the 
appropriation provided in this act as the sec- 
retary of war shall deem reasonable and 
just. And it shall be the duty 9f the said 
commissioners, under the direction of the 
secretary of war, to superintend the opening 
of such additional roads as may be necessary 
for the purposes of the park and for the im- 
provement of the avenues heretofore laid out 
therein, and to properly mark the boundaries 
of the said park, and to ascertain and defi- 
nitely mark the lines of battle of all troops 
engaged in the battle of Gettysburg, so far as 
the same shall fall within the limits of the 
park. 

SEC. t. That the secretary of war is hereby 
authorized and directed to acquire, at such 
times and in such manner as he may deem 
best calculated to serve the public interest, 
such lands in the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pa., 
not exceeding in area the parcels shown on 
the map prepared by Major-General Daniel 
K. Sickles, United States army, and now on 
file in the office of the secretary of war, 
which were occupied by the infantry, cavalry 
and artillery on the 1st, 2d and 3d days of 
July, 1863, and such other adjacent lands as he 
may deem necessary to preserve the impor- 
tant topographical features of the battlefield: 
Provided, That nothing contained in this act 
shall be deemed and held to prejudice tl~e 
rights acquired by any state or by any mili- 
tary organization to the ground on which its 
monuments or markers are placed, nor the 
right of way to the same. 

Section 8 of the bill provides for a bronze 
tablet containing Mr. Lincoln's speech at Get- 
tysburg, Nov. 10. 18t>3, on the occasion of the 
dedication of the national cemetery. The 
speech was as follows: 

"Four score and seven years ago our fathers 
brought, forth on this continent a new nation, 
conceived in liberty and dedicated to the 
proposition that all men are created equal. 



IMPORTANT LEGISLATION. 



85 



"Now we are engaged in a great civil war. 
testing whether that nation, or any nation so 
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. 
W e are met on a great battlefield of that war. 
We have cotne to dedicate a portion of that 
field as a final resting-place for those who 
here gave their lives that that nation might 
live. It is altogether fitting and proper that 
we should do this. 

"But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, 
we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this 
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who 
struggled here, have consecrated it far above 
our poor power to add or detract. The world 
will little note, nor long remember, what we 
say here; but it can never forget what they 
did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be 
dedicated here to the unfinished work which 
they who fought here have thus far so nobly 
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedi- 
cated to the great task remaining before us; 
that from these honored dead we take In- 
creased devotion to that cause for which they 
gave the last full measure of devotion; that 
we here hi i;hly resolve that these dead shall 
not have died in vain; that this nation, under 
God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and 
that government of the people, by the people, 
for the people, shall not perish from the 
earth." 

Approved Feb. 11, 1895. 

PUBLIC BUILDING AT CHICAGO. 

That the secretary of the treasury is here- 
by authorized and directed to cause to be 
erected upon the present postofflce site in 
the city of Chicago and state of Illinois, which 
site is bounded by Adams. Jackson, Clark and 
Dearborn streets, a commodious and suffi- 
ciently fireproof building for the use of the 
postoffice. United States courts, United States 
sub-treasury, United States collectors, and 
other necessary officers of the government; 
the building to be so erected as to occupy all 
the available area of the present site to the 
street lines on all sides, and the secretary of 
the treasury is authorized to contract with 
the lowest and best bidder, after reasonable 
notice by advertisement in two or more news- 
papers published in the city of Chicago, for 
the sale of the present building as hereinbe- 
fore described and the removal of the same 
from the site where it is now located, and the 
secretary of the treasury is further author- 
ized and directed to have prepared by the su- 
pervising architect of the treasury depart- 
ment full and complete plans, specifications 
and detailed drawings of the building to be 
erected, the said plans to be approved by the 
secretary of the treasury, the postmaster- 
general and the secretary of the interior. 

SEC. 2. That the secretary of the treasury is 
hereby further authorized in the specifica- 
tions for the erection of said building to enter 
into contract for the construction of any por- 
tion thereof, and the several contracts for the 
different portions of said building shall be 
awarded, after public advertisement accord- 
ing to law for not less than one month, to the 
lowest responsible bidder or bidders. Said 
contracts shall be made at such times that 
the actual work of construction shall pro- 
gress continuously, and no delay be caused in 
the erection of the building: Provided, That 
the entire cost of said building when com- 
pleted shall not exceed the sum of 4,000,000. 

Approved Feb. 13, 1895. 

THE VENEZUELAN BOUNDARY. 

That the president's suggestion, made in 
his last annual message to this body namely, 
that Great Britain and Venezuela refer their 
dispute as to boundaries to friendly arbitra- 
tionbe earnestly recommended to the favor- 



able consideration of both the parties in 
interest. 
Approved Feb. 20, 1895. 

MEXICAN FREE ZONE. 

That the secretary of the treasury be and 
is hereby authorized and directed to suspend 
the operation of section 3005 of the revised 
statutes, in so far as thes ame permits goods, 
wares and merchandise to be transported in 
bond through the United States into the free 
zone of Mexico, so long as the Mexican free- 
zone law exists: Provided, That nothing 
herein contained shall be construed so as to 
prevent the transportation of merchandise in 
bond to be delivered at points in the territory 
of Mexico beyond the limits of said free zone. 

Approved March 1. 1895. 

COPYRIGHT LAW. 

If any person, after the recording of the 
title of any map, chart, dramatic or musical 
composition, print, cut, engraving, or pboto- 
grapn, or chromo, or of the description of any 
painting, drawing, statue, statuary, or model 
or design intended to be perfected and exe- 
cuted as a work of the fine arts, as provided 
by this act, shall, within the term limited, 
contrary to the provisions of this act, and 
without the Gonsent of the proprietor of the 
copyright first obtained in writing, signed in 
presence of two or more witnesses, engrave, 
etch, work, copy, print, publish, dramatize, 
translate, or import, either in whole or in part, 
or by varying the main design, with intent to 
evade the law, or, knowing the same to be so 
printed, published, dramatized, translated, or 
imported, shall sell or expose to sale any copy 
of such map or other article, as aforesaid, he 
shall forfeit to the proprietor all the plates on 
which the same shall be copied and every sheet 
thereof, either copied or printed, and shall 
further forfeit $1 for every sheet of the same 
found in his possession, either printing, 
printed, copied, published, imported, or ex- 
posed for sale; and in case of a painting, 
statue, or statuary, he shall forfeit $10 for 
every copy of the same in his possession, or by 
him sold or exposed for sale: Provided, hmv- 
ever, That in case of any such infringement of 
the copyright of a photograph made from any 
object not a work of fine arts, the sum to be 
recovered in any action brought under the 
provisions of this section shall be not less 
than $100. nor more than $5,000, and : Provided, 
further, That in case of any such infringe- 
ment of the copyright of a painting, drawing, 
statue, engraving, etching, print, or model or 
design for a work of the fine arts or of a photo- 
graph of a work of the fine arts, the sum to be 
recovered in any action brought through the 
provisions of this section shall be not less than 
$250, and not more than $10.000. One-half of 
all the foregoing penalties shall go to the pro- 
prietors of the copyright and the other half to 
the use of the United States. 

Approved March 2, 1895. 

ACCRUED PENSIONS. 

That from and after the 28th day of Septem- 
ber, 1892, the accrued pension to the date of the 
death of any pensioner, or of any person en- 
titled to a pension having an application 
therefor pending, and whether a certificate 
therefor shall issue prior or subsequent to the 
death of such person, shall, in the case of a 
person pensioned, or applying for pension, on 
account of his disabilities or service, be paid, 
first, to his widow; second, if there is no 
widow, to his child or children under the age 
of 16 years at his death; third, in case of a 
widow, to her minor children under the age of 
Mi years at her death. Such accnied pension 
shall not be considered a part of the assets of 
the estate of such deceased person, nor be 



86 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOB 



liable for the payment of the debts of said 
estate in any case whatsoever, but shall Inure 
to the sole and exclusive benefit of the widow 
or children. And if no widow or child survive 
such pensioner, and in the case of his last sur- 
viving child who was such minor at his death, 
and in case of a dependent mother, father, 
sister or brother, no payment whatsoever of 
their accrued pension shall be made or allowed 
except so much as may be necessary to reim- 
burse the person who bore the expense of 
their last sickness and burial, if they did not 
leave sufficient assets to meet such expense. 
And the mailing of a pension check, drawn by 
a pension agent in payment of a pension due, 
to the address of a pensioner, shall constitute 
payment in the event of the death of a pen- 
sioner subsequent to the execution of the 
voucher therefor. And all prior laws relating 
to the payment of accrued pension are hereby 
repealed. 
Approved March 2, 1895. 

SUPPRESSION OP LOTTERIES. 

That any person who shall cause to be 
brought within the United States from abroad, 
for the purpose of disposing of the same, or 
deposited in or carried by the mails of the 
United States, or carried from one state to 
another in the United States, any paper, cer- 
tificate or instrument purporting to be or rep- 
resent a ticket, chance, share or interest in 
or dependent upon the event of a lottery, 
so-called gift concert or similar enter- 
prise offering prizes dependent upon lot 



or chance, or shall cause any advertise- 
ment of such lottery, so-called gift con- 
cert or similar enterprise offering prizes 
dependent upon lot or chance, to be 
brought Into the United States, or deposited 
in or carried by the mails of the United 
States, or transferred from one state to an- 
other in the same, shall be punishable in the 
first offense by imprisonment for not more 
than two years or by a fine of not more than 
$1.000, or both, and in the second and after 
offenses by such imprisonment only. 

PENSION CHANGES. 

That from and after the passage of this act 
all pensioners now on the rolls, who are 
pensioned at less than $6 per month, for any 
degree of pensionable disability, shall have 
their pensions increased to $6 per month, and 
that hereafter, whenever any applicant for 
pension would, under existing rates, be en- 
titled to less than $6 for any single disability, 
or several combined disabilities, such pen- 
sioner shall be rated at not less than $6 per 
month: Provided also, That the provisions 
hereof shall not be held to cover any pen- 
sionable period prior to the passage of this 
act, nor authorize a re-rating of any claims 
for any part of such period, nor prevent the 
allowance of lower rates than $6 per month, 
according to the existing practice in the 
pension office in pending cases covering any 
pensionable period prior to the passage of 
this act. 

Approved March 2, 1895. 



VENEZUELA AND GREAT BRITAIN. 



The controversy now going on between these 
two nations over the boundary line dividing 
Venezuela from British Guiana is quite likely 
to involve the United States before it is ter- 
minated. On the northeasterly coast of South 
America is a region lying between the deltas 
of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, which 
early in the century was known as the Guay- 
anas. In 1810 a very considerable portion of 
this territory became a part of Venezuela, 
that country having taken" It as the inheritor 
of the Spanish title. In 1814 Holland ceded 
another portion of the Guayanas to Great 
Britain, but the boundary line between the 
Dutch and Spanish portions of the territory 
had never been established by any treaty. 
Shortly after the cession of British Guiana 
disputes as to the boundary line between 
Venezuela and the British cession arose, and 
they still remain unsettled. The Venezuelan 
claim includes all territory west of the Esse- 
quibo river and southward to the boundaries 
of Brazil. The British claim includes the Yuru- 
ary valley and west nearly to the Caroni river, 
in which very rich gold mines have recently 
been discovered, as far west as the mouth of 
the Orinoco river, being nearly one-third of the 
entire country. Great Britain made no at- 
tempt to occupy any portion of her claimed 
territory west of the Pomaron river until 1841. 
when she sent a commissioner, who, without 
the consent of Venezuela, ran a boundary 
line from the Orinoco delta southwest, which 
line has since become known as the Schom- 
burgk boundary. The territory taken from 
Venezuela by this new line is nearly equal in 
area to the state of New York. 

Although this line is now referred to by the 
British government as marking the limits be- 
tween what is without question British terri- 
tory and what may be considered territory in 
dispute, it was cot so regarded by the British 
government at that time, for, upon a protest 
from Venezuela, Lord Aberdeen, then prime 
minister of England, distinctly disavowed any 



intention of occupying the territory within it, 
and directed the colonial authorities to oblit- 
erate the line and destroy the posts and marks 
by which it had been defined. 

Lord Aberdeen subsequently proposed a 
conventional boundary line beginning near 
the mouth of the Orinoco, but carrying the 
British contention farther to the westward in 
the interior than had been proposed by the 
Schomburgk line. This line, though disad- 
vantageous to Venezuela, might have been 
accepted but for the fact that Lord Aberdeen 
accompanied it by what Venezuela considered 
a humiliating condition. He proposed to 
"cede" to Venezuela the territory beyond this 
line and oblige her not to alienate any part 
of it to a third power. 

The matter then remained unsettled until 
1879, when Dr. Rojos, Venezuelan minister to 
London, opened negotiations with Lord Salis- 
bury, who then set up a claim that far ex- 
ceeded any theretofore made by Great Brit- 
ain. He claimed not only the territory to the 
east of the old Schomburgk line but a vast 
tract beyond it. Lord Granville succeeded 
Lord Salisbury while the matter was under 
consideration, and he proposed aline which, 
while it did not lay any claim to the mouth of 
the Orinoco, was more favorable to Great 
Britain in the interior than any line which 
had previously been suggested. Dr. Rojos 
could not consider this and proposed the set- 
tlement of the question by arbitration. Great 
Britain did not agree to this and nothing 
more was done until 1884. 

In that year Guzman Blanco, who had be- 
come Venezuelan minister at London, con- 
tinued negotiations for a treaty of arbitration 
which came more nearly resulting in a settle- 
ment of the controversy than any of the ne- 
gotiations before or since that time. A draft 
of a treaty was practically agreed upon which 
would have referred the boundary question to 
arbitration and settled all the pending ques- 
tions between the two governments. By a 



MEN OF THE YEAR. 



87 



change in the ministry, however, the marquis 
of Salisbury became premier and he declined 
to carry out the agreements which had been 
made by Earl Granville. 

Three years later, when Lord Rosebery was 
minister of foreign affairs in the Gladstone 
cabinet, the matter was again taken up and 
Lord Rosebery prepared a conventional line 
more favorable to Venezuela than any propo- 
sition that had come from the British side. 
He accompanied it, however, with a condition 
that the Orinoco would be declared open and 
free to the navigation of British vessels. This 
was rejected by Venezuela and arbitration 
was again proposed, but was not agreed to by 
Great Britain. 

In the meantime the British authorities 
took formal possession of the territory within 
the old Schomburgk line and in 18S6 estab- 
lished fortifications at Barima point and 
posted notices at the mouth of the Amacura 
river announcing that the territory was within 
British jurisdiction. Venezuela demanded 



dispute to arbitration. These demands were 
not complied with, and in February, 1887, Ven- 
ezuela formally declared all diplomatic rela- 
tions with England suspended. 

This dispute created some anxiety In the 
United States, and on the 20th of February, 
1895, the following joint resolution was passed 
by congress: 

"Resolved, That the president's suggestion 
made in his last annual message to this body 
namely, that Great Britain and Venezuela 
refer their dispute as to boundaries to 
friendly arbitration be earnestly recom- 
mended to the favorable consideration of both 
parties in interest." 

The Venezuelan government is willing and 
anxious to submit the whole question to arbi- 
tration. Great Britain declined to act upou 
the suggestion of the United States upon the 
following grounds: 

1. That Venezuela once proposed arbitra- 
tion, to which proposal, after careful consid- 
eration. Great Britain replied signifying her 
willingness to arbitrate certain definite 
subjects of controversy, but that Venezuela 



has never made any reply to this proposition, 
either accepting or rejecting the suggested 
basis of arbitration. 

2. That in any event there are certain por- 
tions of territory to which Venezuela lays 
claim which under no circumstances will be 
made the subject of arbitration, as they are 
recognized and established portions or the 
British domain, and are not, therefore, a sub- 
ject on which the judgment of arbitrators 
could be invoked. 

3. That the subject-matter is one between 
Great Britain and Venezuela, so that the good 
offices of the United States are not regarded 
as essential to a settlement, as it is not under- 
stood that the United States has assumed a 
protectorate over Venezuela or has other 
interests than those of a friendly power. 

In plain English, Great Britain does not, un- 
der any circumstances, propose to arbitrate 
any claim to the vast region east of the 
"Schomburgk line," and advises the United 
States to mind its own business in the matter. 
The truth is that the whole region between 
the Orinoco and the Essequibo is marked with 
British "boundary lines," dated 1814, 1840, 1843, 
1844, 1881, 1886, 1890. 1893 and 1895, no two agreeing, 
and not one of them having any better excuse 
for existence than the demands of greed and 
the taste and fancy of the diplomatic surveyor 
or engineer who drew it. . 

As the controversy now stands Venezuela is 
ready and nnxious to enter into a treaty with 
Great Britain, whereby the entire boundary 
controversy will be submitted to settlement 
by a court of arbitration, without any reserva- 
tions whatever, while, on the other hand, Great 
Britain has declined to consider any proposi- 
tion for arbitration which does not admit that 
all the territory east of the Schomburgk line 
is British territory. Venezuela will not concede 
this advantage to the British, as her conten- 
tion is that her title to the territory east of the 
Schomburgk is as good as to that west of that 
line. Contending, as she does, that the terri- 
tory east of the Schomburgk line, clear to the 
Essequibo river, is part of Venezuela, that gov- 
ernment holds that it is powerless to concede 
any part of it to Great Britain until a duly 
constituted court of arbitration shall decide 
that it never properly belonged to the Vene- 
zuelan government. 



KEN OF THE YEAR. 



po 
Ci 



JUDSON HARMON. 

Judson Harmon, the attorney-general ap- 
.ointed to succeed Mr. Olney. is a resident of 
Cincinnati; was born in Anderson township 
Feb. 3, 1846. His father, the Rev. B. F. Har- 
mon, was a baptist minister well known 
throughout the Ohio valley. Mr. Harmon was 
graduated at Dennison university at Gran- 
ville. O.. in 1866, and began the practice of 
law in 1869. He was a republican till 1872, when 
he Greeleyized. He was elected superior 
judge in 1878, re-elected in 1883. and when ex- 
Gov. George Hoadly went to New York in 1887 
Judge Harmon resigned from the bench to be- 
come the head of the firm of Harmon, Colston, 
Goldsmith & Hoadly, which represents several 
railways and other large corporations, and 
with which firm he will continue his connec- 
tion. When Judge Harmon resigned in 1887 
Gov. Koraker appointed Judge William Taft, 
now United States circuit judge and formerly 
solicitor-general, to the vacancy. Mrs. Har- 
mon is the daughter of the late Dr. Scobey of 
Hamilton. They have three daughters Mrs. 
Eciman Wright. Jr., of Philadelphia, Miss 
Elizabeth, and Marjorie. the youngest of the 
family, who is 14 years old. 



Ex-Judge Harmon has been a stanch dem- 
ocrat, though he has not taken a very active 
part in politics. He has devoted himself 
chiefly to the practice of law, but he has kept 
well posted about current events in the polit- 
ical world. He has affiliated with the Cleve- 
land (or administration) wing of the demo- 
cratic party. In Ohio politics he has been a 
friend of ex-Gov. Campbell, and in local af- 
fairs he has always been opposed to "the 
gang." 

WILLIAM L. WILSON. 

William L. Wilson, postmaster-general, was 
born in Jefferson county. West Virginia. May 3. 
1843; was educated at Charlestown academy 
and at Columbian college. District of Colum- 
bia, where he was graduated in 18(10, and at the 
University of Virginia; served in the confeder- 
ate army; was for several years after the war 
professor in Columbian college, but on the 
overthrow of the lawyers' test oath in West 
Virginia resigned and entered upon the prac- 
tice of law at Charlestown; was a delegate in 
1880 to the national democratic convention at 
Cincinnati, and was chosen an elector for 
the state-aMarge on the Hancock ticket; was 
permanent president of the national demo- 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



era tic convention at Chicago in 1892; was 
elected president of the West Virginia uni- 
versity in 1882 and entered upon the office 
Sept. 6. but on Sept. 20 was nominated as the 
democratic candidate for the XLVIIIth con- 
gress and elected; resigned the presidency of 
the State university in June, 1883; received 
the degree of LL.D. from Columbian univer- 
sity in 1883 and from Hampden-Sidney college, 
Virginia, in 1886; was appointed a regent of 
the Smithsonian Institution for two years in 
1884, and reappointed in 1886; was elected to 
the XLVIIIth, XLIXth, Lth, List, Llld and 
LUId congresses, but was defeated for elec- 
tion to the LIVth. Upon the resignation of 
Mr. Bissell of the office of postmaster-general 
Mr. Wilson was appointed as his successor. 
MATT W. HANSOM. 

Matt W. Ransom of North Carolina, minis- 
ter to Mexico, was born in Warren county, 
North Carolina, in 182(i, received an academic 
education; was graduated from the University 
of North Carolina in 1847; studied law and was 
admitted to the bar on graduating in 1847; is a 
lawyer and planter; was elected attorney-gen- 
eral of North Carolina in 1852 and resigned in 
1855; was a member of the legislature of North 
Carolina in 1858, 1859 and 1860; was a peace com- 
missioner from the state of North Carolina to 
the congress of southern states at Montgom- 
ery, Ala., in 1861; entered the confederate 
army, serving as lieutenant-colonel, colonel, 
brigadier-general and major-general and sur- 
rendered at Appomattox; was elected to the 
United States senate as a democrat in Jan- 
uary, 1872, took his seat April 24, 1872, and was 
re-elected in 1876, 1883 and 1889. His term of 
service expired March 3, 1895, and in February 
he was appointed minister to Mexico to suc- 
ceed Mr. Gray, deceased. 

GEN. NELSON A. MILES. 

Maj.-Gen. Nelson A. Miles, who has been 
in command of the department of the east, 
succeeded in October, 1895, Gen. Schofleld 
in the command of the army, but with- 
out change of rank. Gen. Miles was born at 
Westminster. Mass., in 1839. He is not a 
West Point graduate, and because of this fact 
there has been, it is said, some opposition, at 
least among his brother officers, to his ap- 
pointment to the command of the army. In 
1861 he went out with a regiment of Massachu- 
setts volunteers with the rank of captain. He 
was rapidly promoted, reaching the rank of 
brigadier-general of volunteers in 1864 and 
major-general of volunteers early in 1865. At 
the close of the war he entered the regular 
army and distinguished himself in numerous 
campaigns against the Indians, especially in 
the northwest and in capturingGeronimoand 
his Apache band in Arizona in 1886. He was 
made a brigadier-general in the regular army 
in 1880, and a major-general in 1890. He was in 
command of the department of the Missouri 
with headquarters at Chicago during the great 
strike of 1894, where he rendered most efficient 
service. Near the close of the year he was 
transferred to the department of the east, 
with headquarters at New York. 

WILLIAM P. CRAIGHILL. 
William Price Craighill, chief of engineers, 

J. S. A., was born in Charlestown, Jefferson 
junty, W. Va., on the 1st of July, 1833, and 

.as graduated at West Point, second in a clasi 
of fifty-two, in 1853. He was assigned to the 
engineer corps and superintended the build- 

ng of Fort Delaware. For some years he was 
an instructor at the Military academy, but in 

863 he was engaged in the construction of de- 

'enses at Pittsburg, which was threatened by 
Morgan and other raiders. In March, 1865, he 

was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for his serv- 

ces in the defense of Cumberland gap, and a 



little later he served on the board appointed 
to superintend the defenses at New York. 
After this he was engaged in similar work at 
Baltimore. Since then he has been employed 
in many important works, including the im- 
provement of the Potomac, Appomattox and 
Delaware rivers. In 1877 he was sent to Europe 
to examine movable dams and other works in 



tlques," and, in collaboration with Capt. Men- 
dell, Gen. Jomini's "Precis de 1'Art de la 
Guerre." 

GEN. G. N. LIEBER. 

Gen. Guido Norman Lieber, judge-advocate 
general, U. S. A., was born March 21, 1837, in 
Columbia, S. C., where his father was serv- 
ing as professor of history and political 
economy in the University of South Carolina. 
At this institution Gen. Lieber was graduated 
in 1856, and at the Harvard law school three 
years later. After a practice of two years at 
the New York bar he entered the army. May 
14, 1861, receiving the brevet of captain for 
gallantry at the battle of Games' Mill, and 
the full grade later on, serving meanwhile as 
adjutant of his regiment, the llth infantry. 
He saw war service also at Yorktown, Mai- 
vern Hill, the second battle of Bull Run and 
in the Teche and Red river campaigns of 
Louisiana, gaining a second brevet, that of 
major, for gallantry, and at the close of the 
war the brevet of lieutenant-colonel for 
"faithful and meritorious service during the 
war." Nov. 13, 1862, he was appointed major 
and judge advocate of volunteer service, 
serving as such on the staff of Gen. Banks. 

Feb. 25, 1867, Maj. Lieber was transferred 
from the infantry to the judge-advocate gen- 
eral's department of the army, being on duty 
as professor of law at the United States Mili- 
tary academy from 1878 until his transfer to 
the bureau of military justice, Washington, 
in 1882. July 5, 1884, he was promoted to col- 
onel and assistant judge-advocate general. 
His final promotion to the highest grade in 
his corps makes no change in his duties, as he 
has been at the head of the corps since the 
suspension of its chief, Gen. Swaim. 

GEORGE C. PERKINS. 
George .Clement Perkins, senator from 
California, was born at Kennebunkport, 
Me., in 1839 and was reared on a farm, 
with limited educational advantages. At 
the age of 12 he went to sea as a cabin 
boy and followed the sea as sailor for 
several years. In 1855 he shipped "before 
the mast ' for California, where he arrived in 
the autumn of that year and went on foot to 
Oroville and became a porter in a store. Sub- 
sequently he became a partner in the business 
and was very successful. He went into bank- 
ing, milling, mining and sheep-raising, and in 
1868 was elected to the state senate. He be- 
came largely interested in the Pacific Coast 
Steamship company. He was elected presi- 
dent of the merchants' exchange of San Fran- 
cisco and in 1879 was elected governor of Cali- 
fornia, serving until 1883. Upon the death of 
Mr. Stanford he was elected his successor. 
His term will expire March 4, 1897. 

GEORGE L. SHOUP. 
George L. Shoup, senator from Idaho, was 
born in Kittannmg, Armstrong county. Pa., 
June 15, 1836. He was educated in the public 
schools of Freeportand Slate Lick, and moved 
with his father to Illinois in June, 1852. He 
engaged in farming and stock-raising near 
Galesburg until 18o8, when he removed to 
Colorado. Here he engaged in mining and 
mercantile business until 1861, and in Septem- 
ber enlisted in Capt. Backus' independent com- 



MEN OF THE YEAR. 



pany of scouts, beingsoon after commissioned 
second lieutenant. During the autumn and 
winter of 1861 he was engaged in scouting 
along the base of the Rocky mountains. He 
was ordered to Fort Union, New Mexico, in the 
early part of 1862, and was kept on scouting 
duty on the Canadian, Pecos and Red rivers 
until the spring of 1863. During this time he 
was promoted to a first lieutenancy. He was 
then ordered to the Arkansas river. He had 
been assigned in 1862 to the 2d Colorado 
regiment of volunteer infantry, but was re- 
tained on duty tn the cavalry service, being 
assigned to the 1st Colorado regiment of 
cavalry in May, 1863. 

In 1861 Mr. Shoup was elected to the consti- 
tutional convention to prepare a constitution 
for the proposed state or Colorado and ob- 
tained a leave of absence for thirty days to 
serve as a member. After performing this 
service he returned to active duty. He was 
commissioned colonel of the 3d Colorado 
cavalry in September, 1864, and was mustered 
out at Denver with the regiment at the expira- 
tion of his term of service. 

Mr. Shoup engaged in the mercantile busi- 
ness in Virginia City, Mont., in 1866, and during 
the same year established a business at Sal- 
mon City, Idaho. Since 1866 he has been en- 
gaged in mining, stock-raising, mercantile and 
other business in Idaho. He was a member 
of the territorial legislature during the VIHth 
and Xth sessions, was a delegate to the na- 
tional republican convention in 1880, was a 
member of the republican national committee 
from 1880 to 1881, was United States commis- 
sioner for Idaho at the world's cotton centen- 
nial exposition at New Orleans, La., in 1884-5, 
and was again placed on the republican com- 
mittee in 1888 and re-elected in 1892. Mr. Shoup 
was appointed governor of Idaho territory 
March, 1889, which position he held until 
elected governor of the state of Idaho Oct. 1, 
1890. He was elected to the United States sen- 
ate as a republican Dec. 18, 1890, and took his 
seat Dec. 29, 1890. His term will expire March 
4, 1901. 

LUCIEN BAKER. 

Lucien Baker, senator from Kansas, was, 
when elected, a member of the state senate 
from the 3d senatorial district. He was born 
in Fulton county, Ohio, and is 46 years of age, 
more than twenty-five years of which have 
been passed In Kansas. Of methodist parent- 
age, Mr. Baker secured a good general educa- 
tion and adopted the law as his profession. 
He went to Kansas from Michigan in 1869 
and located at Leavenworth, where be has 
since resided. As a lawyer Mr. Baker was 
very successful and had but little time to de- 
vote to practical politics. He never held any 
office until he was elected to the state senate 
except that of city attorney for Leavenworth. 
But he was so well known as an ardent and 
patriotic republican that when he was nomi- 
nated for the state senate no fears were felt 
by his friends as to the result. His majority 
over the populist candidate was over 1.500 and 
over the democratic nominee more than 2,000. 
By virtue of his ability as a logician and 
clear-headed thinker he was at once recog- 
nized as one of the republican leaders of the 
state senate. His term will expire March 4, 
1899. 

JULIUS C. BURROWS. 

Julius Caesar Burrows of Kalamazoo. sena- 
tor from Michigan, was born at North East, 
Erie county, Pa., Jan. 9, 1837; received a com- 
mon-school and academic education; by pro- 
fession a lawyer; was an officer in the union 
army, 1862-4; "prosecuting attorney of Kalama- 
zoo county, 18V>5-7; appointed supervisor of in- 
ternal revenue for the states of Michigan and 
Wisconsin tn 1867, but declined the office; 



elected a representative to the XLIIId, XLVIth 
and XLVIlth congresses; appointed solicitor 
of the United States treasury department by 
President Arthur in 1884. but declined the 
office; elected a delegate-at-large from Michi- 
gan to the national republican convention at 
Chicago in 1884; elected to the XLIXth, Lth 
and List congresses; twice elected speaker 
pro tern, of the house of representatives during 
the List congress and was elected to the Llld 
congress and re-elected to the LIHd congress 
as a republican, receiving 21,287 votes, against 
15,803 votes for Daniel Strange, democrat; 2.510 
votes for P. T. Butler, prohibitionist, and 2,898 
votes for L. C. Lockwood, people's. He was 
elected to succeed Senator McMillan and his 
term will expire March 4, 1901. 

KNUTE NELSON. 

Knute Nelson, senator from Minnesota, 
was born in the parish of Voss, near Bergen, 
Norway. Feb. 2, 1843. His father died while 
he was almost an infant, and his mother emi- 
grated to this country, making her home in 
Chicago. They went there in 1849, remain- 
ing until 1850, when they moved to Wiscon- 
sin. Young Knute remained In the Badger 
state until 1871, when he moved to Douglas 
county, Minnesota, which has since been his 
home. 

When the civil war broke out he entered 
the service as a private in company B of the 
4th Wisconsin, and became a non-commis- 
sioned officer. He served over three years, 
and was taken prisoner while wounded at 
the siege of Port Hudson, La., In 1863. After 
the war he studied law and was admitted to 
the bar in Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1867. 
and was sent to the legislature as a member 
of the assembly in 1868 and 1869. In 1871, as 
stated, he moved to Alexandria, Minn., and 
a year later became county attorney of Doug- 
las county. 

He served In the state senate from 1875 to 
1878, inclusive, and In 1880 was one of the 
presidental electors. Later than that he was 
one of the board of regents of the State uni- 
versity. A greater step was taken, however, 
when he was elected to the XLVIIIth con- 
gress from the old 5th district, defeating all 
comers, and he was subsequently elected to 
the XLIXth and Lth congresses by equally 
handsome figures over his opponents of all 
parties. In July, 1892, he was nominated by 
acclamation by the republican state conven- 
tion for governor, to which high office he was 
elected by a plurality of nearly 15,000, and in 
1894 he was renominated and was re-elected 
by a plurality of 60,000, His term will expire 
March 4, 1901. 

THOMAS H. CARTER. 

Thomas H. Carter, senator from Montana, 
was born in Scloto county, Ohio, Oct. 30, 1854, 
and removed with his parents in his 5th year 
to Illinois, locating at Pana, where he was edu- 
cated in the public schools. His father was a 
farmer, and young Henry was taught to do all 
the work that is incidental to carrying on a 
farm in the central part of Illinois. At 20 
years of age he studied law and was admitted 
to practice. In 1882 he went to Helena, where 
he has constantly engaged In practicing law. 
He was elected delegate to the XLth congress 
as a republican from the territory of Mon- 
tana. He was nominated by the republicans 
in their flrst state convention and elected to 
the Lth congress. 

Mr. Carter gained a national reputation In 
the List congress by his Indefatigable work 
upon the floor of the house. He was chosen sec- 
retary of the republican national congression- 
al committee forthe campaign of 1890. In that 
year Mr. Carter was chosen by his partv again 
as its candidate for congress, but was de- 



90 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



feated by W. W. Dixon, democrat. In the 
spring of 1891, Mr. Carter was appointed by 
President Harrison to be commissioner of the 
general land office. In 1892 he was selected as 
chairman of the republican national commit- 
tee, which position ne still holds. 

Mr. Carter ranks high throughout the entire 
northwest as a lawyer. He is regarded as one 
of the ablest trial lawyers in the country. 

Mr. Carter is a member of the catholic 
church. It was on this point that the Ameri- 
can Protective association made such great 
opposition to Mr. Carter's election. After it 
was announced through the press that Mr. 
Carter had been nominated the association 
undertook to prevent his election, as it was 
said that a majority of the members of the 
legislature that were republican belonged to 
this order. When the hour for election was 
called, however, it passed off in a quiet, orderly 
way, every member of the republican party 
casting his vote for Mr. Carter. 

LEE MANTLE. 

Lee Mantle, senator from Montana, was 
born in England Dec. 13, 1851, and came to this 
country when about 9 years of age. In 1868 he 
went to Utah and got a job driving team for a 
contractor who was furnishing railroad ties to 
the new Union Pacific railroad. When this 
work was completed in 1869 young Mantle 
found himself without work. He packed his 
blankets, however, and walked 125 miles to 
Malad City. There he got a job driving an ox 
team, hauling salt from the salt works of east- 
ern Idaho to Virginia City and Boise. On one 
of his trips he chanced to meet a telegraph 
operator, with whom he arranged for instruc- 
tions in telegraphy. He paid for this in labor, 
by keeping the lines in repair. He was quick 
to learn, prompt and reliable, and was soon 
promoted to the position of general repairer 
tor the Western Union telegraph lines be- 
tween Ogden and Green River. From this posi- 
tion Mr. Mantle was given the agency of the 
stage line between Corinne, Utah, and Helena, 
Mont. He continued his connection with stage 
and telegraph lines in that locality until 1877, 
when he moved to Butte City as agent of the 
Wells-Fargo express company. Two years 
later he was placed in charge of the first tele- 
graph office opened in Butte and also opened 
the first insurance office there. In 1880 he took 
an active part in local politics, helped to in- 
corporate the city and was one of Butte's first 
aldermen. 

Soon after this Mr. Mantle organized the 
Inter-Mountain Publishingcompany and be- 
gan the publication of the Butte Daily Inter- 
Mountain. He has held the position of man- 
ager of that paper ever since its publication 
and through it has done a great deal of work 
for the republican party. 

In 1882 Mr. Mantle was elected to the lower 
house of the territorial legislature and in 1884 
was one of Montana's delegates to the repub- 
lican national convention. In 1886 he was 
again elected to the legislature. The follow- 
ing year, when the people of Montana organ- 
ized a Mineral Land association to take steps 
to fight the Northern Pacific railroad com- 
pany's efforts to secure large grants of valu- 
able mineral lands, Mr. Mantle was elected 
president of this association and took an active 
part In the fight that saved 1 the mineral lands 
from falling into the bands of the railroad. 

In 1888 Mr. Mantle was elected for the third 
time to represent his county in the legislature, 
and in that year he nominated T. H. Carter, 
his present colleague, for congress in the re- 
publican convention. After Montana's admis- 
sion as a state Mr. Mantle was a candidate for 
the United States senate before the first state 
legislature in 18yO. but was defeated in the 
caucus by two votes by Senator T. C. Power. 



JOHN M. THURSTON. 

John M. Thurston, United States senator 
from Nebraska, has been a resident of three 
states during his 48 years of life. He was 
born in Montpelier, vt., Aug. 21, 1847, and at 
the age of 7 accompanied his parents to their 
new nome in Madison, Wis. He was edu- 
cated in Madison, Beaver Dam and at Way- 
land college and was admitted to the bar in 
1869. 

At the age of 22 he removed to Omaha, hung 
out his shingle and began his by no means 
short career as a briefless barrister. Omaha 
was then a city of about 15,000 inhabitants 
and contained more legal talent to the square 
inch than any other city of its size in the 
country. In the face of a most discouraging 
paucity of clients the young lawyer persevered 
in his attempts to build up a practice. He 
attended strictly to what business he had 
during the day and slept in the office at 
night, so that clients rarely tried his office 
door in vain. His larder was usually well 
supplied, however, for he would buy a box of 
crackers and a cheese and live on them till 
they were gone. 

In 1872 he entered politics and was elected 
councilman. Two years later he was city 
attorney and in 1875 a member of the legis- 
lature. In 1880 he was a presidental elector 
and carried the vote of Nebraska to Washing- 
ton to be counted for Garfleld. He was chair- 
man of the Nebraska delegation In the repub- 
lican national convention of 1884 and seconded 
the nomination of John A. Logan. In 1888 he 
was temporary chairman of the republican 
national convention, and his speeches In 
these two great gatherings gave him wide 
fame as one of the most graceful, eloquent 
and convincing orators in the republican 
party. 

The same year he was appointed to the 
office of general solicitor of the Union Pacific 
railroad at a salary of about $12.000 a year, 
which he resigned in favor of a salary of 
$5,000 a year (and mileage) when he entered the 
United States senate. His term will expire 
March 4, 1901. 

MARION BUTLER. 

Marion Butler, senator from North Carolina, 
was born in 1863 and is the youngest man in 
the senate His great-grandfather, James 
Butler, came over from England and settled 
in Sampson county, North Carolina, in 1760, 
and was a soldier in the revolutionary war. 
One hundred years later his father, Wiley 
Butler, entered the confederate army and at 
the close of the four years' struggle the new 
senator was a child in his mother s arms. The 
family farm was distant from schools, so his 
mother taught him all that he learned until 
he entered the Salem high school to prepare 
for the University of North Carolina, where he 
was graduated in 1885. Then he studied law, 
became principal of an academy in a county 
adjoining his home, and there, in 1888, made 
the acquaintance of the state organizer 9f the 
Farmers' alliance, whose ideas he readily ac- 
cepted and a week later became president of 
a county lodge. Then he bought a newspaper, 
the Clinton Caucasian, a small country weekly 
which shortly after was selected as the state 
organ of the alliance. This editorial promi- 
nence brought him into public notice and he 
was elected to the state senate, where he be- 
came the leader of the anti-monopoly faction 
and succeeded in securing the passage of the 
present law for the regulation of railroads. 

In 1891 he was made president of the State 
Farmers' alliance and in 1893 was promoted to 
the presidency of the national organization 
before he was 30 years old. Then he com- 
menced his fight for the United States senate. 
His ability as an organizer and a politician 



MEN OF THE TEAR. 



91 



accomplished a fusion between the populists 
and the republicans in his state, with the un- 
derstanding that the two parties, if successful, 
should divide the offices evenly. This re- 
sulted In a fusion majority of over 30,000 and 
the gratification of his ambition was Mr. But- 
ler's reward. He married Florence Livingston 
Faison of Faison, N. C., a member of one of 
the old aristocratic families of the state. The 
parents of the bride opposed the marriage 
because Mr. Butler's social position did not 
equal that of their daughter, and the course of 
true love did not run smooth. But the young 
woman had her way about it and she goes to 
Washington as the youngest member of the 
senatorial circle. His term will expire March 
4, 1901. 

JETER C. PRITCHARD. 

Jeter C. Pritchard, senator from North Caro- 
lina, was born in 1843 in Tennessee. Mr. 
Pritchard is a native of East Tennessee, but 
has spent most of his days in the Old North 
state. He comes from the extreme southwest 
corner of North Carolina, his home being on 
the crest of the mountains, about twenty-five 
miles from Asheville. He is a finely formed 
man, about six feet tall, and has a manly and 
attractive manner. He was a mere boy at the 
outbreak of the war. His father was a union 
man, but was drafted into the confederate 
army. Senator Pritchard's last recollection 
of him is seeing him mounted on a horse, his 
feet and hands bound, on his way to the front, 
where he died, an unwilling conscript in a 
cause in which his sympathies were not en- 
listed. The new senator is a stanch repub- 
lican, having been actively engaged in every 
campaign in his state since he was 18 years 
old. His term will expire March 4, 1897. 

GEORGE W. MCBRIDE. 

George Washington McBride, senator from 
Oregon, was born in Yamhill, Ore., in 1854. He 
is a son of Dr. James McBride. who was well 
known as one of the earliest and sturdiest 
pioneers of the state. McBride was edu- 
cated in the common schools and at Willa- 
mette university, Salem. In 1867 his parents 
left Yamhill county and located at St. Helen, 
Columbia county, at which place he has made 
his home ever since. In 1882 he was elected 
to the Oregon house of representatives and 
was subsequently chosen speaker of that 
body. In 1886 Mr. McBride was nominated by 
the republicans for secretary of state and 
was elected. His popularity is attested by 
the fact that two principal nominees on the 
ticket with him governor and treasurer- 
were defeated. Mr. McBride performed the 
duties of his office so satisfactorily that he 
was renominated by acclamation in 1890 and 
re-elected by a handsome majority. He served 
out the full term and retired the first of the 
year, 1895, to give way to his successor. His 
term will expire March 4, 1901. 

R. F. PETTIGREW. 

Richard Franklin Pettigrew, senator from 
South Dakota, was born at Ludlow, Vt.. July, 
1848; removed with his parents to Evansville, 
Kock county, Wis., in 1854; was prepared for 
college at the Evansville academy and en- 
tered Beloit college in IStHJ, whore he remained 
two years; was a member of the law class of 
1870, University of Wisconsin; went to Dakota 
in July, MS), in the employ ot a United States 
deputy surveyor as a laborer; located in Sioux 
Kails, where he engaged in the surveying and 
real-estate business; opened a law office in 
1872 and has been in the practice of his profes- 
sion since; was elected to the Dakota legisla- 
ture as a member of the council in 1877, 
and ro-elected in 1879; was elected to the 
XLVIIth congress as delegate from Dakota 



territory: was elected to the territorial coun- 
cil in 1884-5; was a member of the South Da- 
kota constitutional convention of 1883; chair- 
man of the committee on public indebtedness, 
and framed the present provisions of the con- 
stitution on that subject; was elected United 
States senator Oct. 16, 1889, under the provis- 
ions of the act of congress admitting South 
Dakota into the union; was re-elected in 1895. 
His term will expire March 4, 1901. 

JOHN L. WILSON. 

John L. Wilson, senator from Washington, 
is only 44 years of age. He was born In Craw- 
fordsville, Ind.; was graduated from Wabash 
college in 1874; was a representative in the 
Indiana legislature from Montgomery county 
in 1880, and in 1881 was appointed to a clerk- 
ship In the pension office at Washington. 
Being a man of nervous temperament, full of 
life, energy and ambition, he did not like the 
routine and confinement, so he resigned his 
position and went to Spokane Falls. Within 
a year President Arthur appointed him re- 
ceiver of public moneys at Spokane, and with 
that office as a basis he went into politics. In 
1884 he was chosen a delegate to the repub- 
lican national convention. In 1890 he took 
his seat in congress as the first representative 
from the new state of Washington, and now 
is elected to the senate. His term of office 
will expire March 4. 1899. 

STEPHEN B. ELKINS. 

Stephen B. Elkins. senator frem West Vir- 
ginia, was born Sept. 26, 1841, in Perry county, 
Ohio, the son of a farmer. In early life his 
family removed to Missouri.where he was grad- 
uated from the State university in 1859. He 
then studied law and was admitted to the bar 
in 1864. He shortly afterward removed to 
New Mexico, and during the first year of his 
residence there was elected to the legislature. 
He was shortly afterward appointed by Pres- 
ident Johnson to the position of United States 
attorney for the territory, an office which he 
held until 1872, when he was elected a mem- 
ber of the XLHId congress, and was re- 
elected in 1874. While in congress he married 
a daughter of Senator Henry G. Davis of 
West Virginia. They have several children. 
Mr. Elkins was appointed secretary of war by 
President Harrison, and since the close of 
Harrison's term has been devoting his atten- 
tion to his railroad and coal interests. The 
republican victory in West Virginia In 1894 
was largely due to the energy and ability 
which he displayed in conducting the cam- 
paign. He has been successful in speculation 
in lands and railroad stocks In New Mexico 
and West Virginia and is several times a mil- 
lionaire. His term will expire March 4, 1901. 

CLARENCE D. CLARK. 

Clarence D. Clark, senator from Wyoming, 
is only 43 years of age and looks younger. He 
is a man of muscular development and great 
energy. Born at Sandy Creek, N. Y., in 1852. 
he went to Iowa when a lad with his parents, 
and after receiving an education in the com- 
mon schools and graduating from the Iowa 
State university he read law and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1874. Six years later he 
removed to Evanston, Wyo,, and has there 
been engaged in the practice of his profession 
ever since. Three terms he served as prose- 
cuting attorney and declined an appointment 
as associate justice of the Supreme court of 
that territory, which was tendered him by 
President Harrison. He was the first repre- 
sentative elected to congress from Wyoming 
after its admission as a state: took his seat in 
the List congress and was re-eiected to the 
LHd congress. 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 



FRANCIS E. WARREN. 

Francis B. Warren, senator from Wyoming, 
was born in Hinsdale. Mass., June 20.1844; re- 
ceived a common-school and academic educa- 
tion; enlisted in 1862 in the 49th Massachusetts 
regiment and served as private and non-com- 
missioned officer in that regiment until it was 
mustered out of the service; was afterward 
captain in the Massachusetts militia; was en- 
gaged in farming and stock-raising in Massa- 
chusetts until early In 1868, when he removed 
to Wyoming (then a part of Dakota); has 
also engaged in mercantile, live-stock and 
lighting businsss; was president of the coun- 
cil, Wyoming legislature, in 1873, and a mem- 
ber of the council in 1884; was mayor of Chey- 
enne and served as treasurer of Wyoming; 
was a delegate to the national republican 
convention at Chicago in 1888; was appointed 
governor of Wyoming by President Arthur 



tory was admitted as a state, when he was 
elected governor, Sept. 11, 1890; was elected to 
the United States senate as a republican, Nov. 
18. 1890, and took his seat Dec. 1, 1890. His 
term of service expired March 3, 1893. In 1895 
he was re-elected for the term expiring March 
4, 1901. 

IVAN N. WALKER. 

Col. Ivan N. Walker of Indianapolis, Com- 
mander-in-chief of the G. A. R., was born in 
Rush county, Indiana, in 1839. At the breaking 
out of the war, at the age 9f 21, he was hold- 
ing an important office, which he resigned to 
raise a company for the 73d Indiana volunteers, 
of which he was chosen captain. He was 
with his regiment in all its engagements- 
Richmond, Perryville and Stone River and 
for gallant conduct on that hotly contested 
field won the rank of major and was soon 
after promoted to lieutenant-colonel in March, 
1863, and on the death of the colonel, in May 
following, became commander of the regi- 
ment. For more than a year he endured all 
the horrors of Libby prison, having been 
captured in a raid into the enemy's country, 
and escaped through the historic tunnel in Feb- 
ruary, 1864. Returning to his regiment, he ren- 
dered most important service in the army of 
the Cumberland in protecting the line of sup- 
plies between Stevenson and Decatur, on the 
Memphis & Charleston railroad and Tennessee 
river, during the advance on Atlanta. At the 
battle of Nashville he rendered valuable serv- 
ice as aid, and received the personal thanks 
of Gen. Thomas. He became a member of 
the G. A. R. in 1867, and, on the reorganization 
of the department of Indiana, served as com- 
mander of George H. Thomas post, the larg- 
est post in the department. He was assistant 
adjutant-general of the department in 1887. 
In 1891, declining a fifth term, he was chosen 
department commander. During his four 
years as executive officer the membership of 
the department was increased more than 
6,000. His work in the national encampment 
and as chairman of the national pension com- 
mittee was of inestimable value to the com- 
radeship everywhere. He possesses first-class 
executive ability and is in every way fitted 
to fill the position of commander-in-chief. Col. 
Walker is state tax commissioner of Indiana. 

JOHN L. PEAKE. 

John L. Peake, appointed minister to Swit- 
zerland, went to Missouri from Kentucky in 
1868. He was born in Scott county, Kentucky, 
in 1839. and was graduated from the law 
school at Louisville in 1860. He engaged in 
the practice of law and in the insurance and 
real-estate business, acquiring the nucleus of 



a fortune early in life. His popularity as a 
criminal lawyer won for him an enviable 
reputation throughout western Missouri. In 
1872 he formed a partnership with Caldwell 
Yeaman, late member of the state judiciary 
of Colorado, which continued until 1876. In 
1877 Mr. Peake was elected prosecuting attor- 
ney of Jackson county, Missouri, retaining 
the office three terms. Upon his retirement 
from this the only political office he ever 
held he engaged in the private practice of 
law. He is a leading member of the baptist 
church and a Sunday school worker of na- 
tional reputation. 

THE GOVERNORS ELECTEE IN 1895. 

FRANCIS MARION DRAKE, the successful 
republican candidate for governor of Iowa, 
was born in Rushville. Schuyler county. 111., 
Dec. 30, 1820. In 1859 he removed to Iowa, 
where he has since made his home. He served 
with distinction during the war and was 
wounded at Mark's Mills. Ark., where he was 
left for dead. He was brevetted brigadier-gen- 
eral in February, 1865. Since the war Gen. 
Drake has been engaged in railroad projects. 
He was the first president of the Missouri, 
Iowa & Nebraska railway. He founded and 
endowed Drake university at Des Moines, 
From boyhood the life of Gen. Drake has been 
an active one and useful to the community in 
which he lives as well as to the state. 

LLOYD LOWNDES, elected on the republican 
ticket governor of Maryland, was born in 
Clarksburg, Va.. in 1845. He was educated at 
Washington college, Pennsylvania. Allegheny 
college, Meadville, Pa. and the University of 
Pennsylvania. He began the practice of law 
in Cumberland, the principal city of western 
Maryland and the center of its coal territory. 
In 1872 he was elected on the republican ticket 
to the XLHId congress, reversing the usual 
democratic majority in the district. In 1874 
he was renominated, but was defeated by 50 
votes. Since then he has refused political 
honors. He is either president or director of 
about twenty corporations and is worth four 
or five millions. 

FREDERICK THOMAS GREENHALGE, for a 
third time elected by the republicans governor 
of Massachusetts, is said to be the shrewdest, 
wittiest and most popular of all the repub- 
lican politicians in Massachusetts. Mr. Green- 
halge is an Englishman by birth, but came to 
this country when in early childhood and was 
educated in the public schools at Lowell and 
at Harvard university. He has held a great 
many public offices, has been twice elected 
mayor of Lowell, was city solicitor in 1888, and 
representative to the legislature in 1885. He 
was subsequently elected to congress. In 
1893 Mr. Greenhalge was first elected governor 
of Massacnusetts and in 1894 was re-elected 
by a substantial majority. 

ANSELM JOSEPH MCLAUKIN, chosen gov- 
ernor by the democrats of Mississippi, was 
born in Brandon, Rankin county, Mississippi, 
in 1848. He attended only such schools as the 
backwoods afforded, and afterward spent a 
short time at the Summerville (Miss.) insti- 
tute. He was admitted to the bar in 1868, at 
once assumed a front rank in his profession, 
and is to-day considered one of the finest 
criminal lawyers in the state. In 1871 he was 
elected district attorney and served four 
vears. Mr. MoLaurin was a member of the 
legislature of 1879 and of the constitutional 
convention of 1890. He was elected to suc- 
ceed Senator Walthall for his unexpired 
term of thirteen months, when Mr. Walthall 
resigned in January. 1894. 



THE CUBAN REVOLT. 



EX-SENATOR JOHN W. GIUGGS, chosen gov- 
ernor of New Jersey on the republican ticket, 
was born in Newton, Sussex county, N. J., 
July 10, 1849. He was graduated from La- 
fayette college, Easton, Pa., and was sub- 
sequently admitted to the bar. He was elected 
to the assembly from one of the Paterson dis- 
tricts in 1875 and 1876. The following year he 
was renominated and defeated. In 1879 he 
was appointed city counsel of Paterson, an 
office he filled until 1882, when he was elected 
to the senate Three years later he was re- 
elected to the senate and in 1886 he was presi- 
dent of that body. Since retiring from the 
halls of legislation Mr. Griggs has devoted 
his energies to the practice 01 law. 

ASA S. BUSHNELL, of Springfield. O., who 
succeeds William McKinley as the repub- 
lican governor of that state, was born in 
Oneida county, New York, in 1834, and went 
to Springfield in 1851, where for three years he 
was a clerk in a dry-goods store. In 1867 he 
became a partner in the firm of Warder, 
Mitchell & Co., manufacturers of reapers, and 
has acquired a large fortune. During the 
war Gen. Bushnell raised a company and 
served as its captain in the Shenandoah val- 
ley. Gen. Bushnell has been chairman of 
the republican state committee and is ex- 
tremely popular both in his own city and with 
the republicans of Ohio. In 1886 he was ap- 
pointed quartermaster-general of Ohio and 
served four years. 

HEBER M. WELLS, governor-elect of Utah, 
was born in Salt Lake City, Aug. 11. 1869. In 
1882 Mr. Wells was elected recorder of Salt 



Lake City, which office he filled until 1890. In 
1887 he was secretary of the sixth constitu- 
tional convention of Utah, and in 1892 received 
the republican nomination for mayor of Salt 
Lake City, but was defeated in the election 
by the liberal candidate. He has since 
worked untiringly for republican success in 
Utah. Mr. Wells has been cashier of the 
State Bank of Utah since the expiration of 
his term as city recorder in 1890. He has 
achieved some notoriety by his exploits on 
the amateur stage, and efforts have been 
made to induce him to go on the stage as a 
professional. 

WILLIAM O'CONNELL BRADLEY, governor- 
elect of Kentucky, is a citizen of Lancaster, 
Garrard county, Ky., and was born March 18, 
1847. He enlisted in the federal army at the 
age of 14, and three years later was admitted 
to the bar by a special act of the legislature. 
In 1870 he was elected prosecuting attorney, 
and in 1872 and 1876 made the race for con- 
gress, but was defeated. In 1880 he was a 
delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention 
and seconded the nomination of Grant. He 
was again a delegate in 1884 and a member of 
the national committee. President Arthur 
selected him to aid in prosecuting the star- 
route thieves, but a difference with the attor- 
ney-general caused him to give up the ap- 
pointment. In 1887 he ran for governor 
against Gen. Buckner and cut down the demo- 
cratic majority very largely, running about 
3.000 votes ahead of nis ticket. He was at the 
head of the Kentucky delegation to the na- 
tional republican conventions of 1888 and 
1892. 



THE CUBAN REVOLT. 



The island of Cuba, properly known as "the 
gem of the Antilles," has had a troublesome 
history almost from the day of its discovery by 
Columbus in October, 1492. Spain claimed and 
held the island by right of discovery, but it 
was not until 1511 that the Spaniards colonized 
it. From the advent of the Spaniards the 
extreme cruelty and injustice was inaugurated 
that has characterized their treatment of the 
people of Cuba ever since. Under Hernando 
the government was so rigorous that it re- 
sulted not only in greatly impairing the pros- 
perity of the island but in the total extinction 
of the Indian population in 1533. In 1534, and 
again in 1554. Havana was destroyed by the 
French, but it was rebuilt, and in 1584 the city 
was so strongly fortified as to make it exempt 
from attacks by sea. In 1(324 the Dutch cap- 
tured the island, but only to surrender it again 
to Spain. For half a century following, the 
prosperity of the island suffered from repeated 
incursions of filibusters. In 1702 Havana was 
taken by the English, but the year following 
it was surrendered to Spain in exchange for 
Florida. The commercial relations between 
Spain and Cuba grew stronger and more close, 
and the island became the center of the slave 
trade for all Spanish South America, and re- 
mained so until 1845, when the importation of 
slaves was forbidden. Through all its history, 
up to 1829, Cuba was loyal to the Spanish 
crown, and poured, with the utmost generosity 
and willingness, its wealth into the treasury 
of the mother country. As an evidence of 
this it may be said that in July, 1808, when the 
French had deposed the royal family of Spain, 
the Cuban cabildo met at once and every 
member took a solemn oath to preserve the 
island for the deposed sovereign, and war. 
without truce, was declared against Napoleon. 
Two years later, when Mexico threw off the 



Spanish yoke, Cuba remained loyal to the 
mother country. Upon the re-establishment 
of Spanish dominion over the island was in- 
augurated the form of government by govern- 
ors or captains-general appointed by the 
crown, which has been continued to the pres- 
ent time. Under this form of government the 
last remnants of political, civil and religious 
liberty have been gradually destroyed, until 
for the last quarter-century the inhabitants of 
the island have been excluded from all public 
office and from all the affairs of the island; 
taxes have been multiplied, and the people 
have been robbed and plundered to supply the 
Spanish treasury with funds for the mainte- 
nance of the home government, its army and 
navy. Under such conditions discontent was 
created and spread rapidly. In 1829 this dis- 
content showed itself in the uprising known 
as the conspiracy of the "Black Eagle." In 
1844 there was an insurrection of the blacks. 
The first serious revolutionary attempt, how- 
ever, was that of Narciso Lopez in 1848, a year 
red with revolutions and revolutionary move- 
ments. In May, 1850, he landed in the island 
with 600 men from the United States. He cap- 
tured the city of Cardenas, but failed to 
receive support and withdrew. Again in 
August, 1851, he gathered a band of several 
hundred Kntuckians and made a descent 
upon the north coast He was pursued by the 
Spaniards from place to place, his forces dis- 
persed and 700 taken prisoners. Then began 
that system of horrible cruelty which Spain 
has since persistently followed in the treat- 
ment of Cuban insurgents. Lopez, Col. Crit- 
tenden and this great body of prisoners were 
all put to death by the garrote, their dead 
bodies horribly mutilated and portions of them 
openly sold in the city of Havana as relics. 
Soon after this abortive attempt the so-called 



CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



reformist party arose. It endeavored to 
secure Cuban rights without impairing Spanish 
interests. It anally succeeded in securing 
from the crown an official inquiry as to needed 
reforms in Cuba. The results of that inquiry, 
however, revealed sources of revenue un- 
known up to that time, and the only thing 
that followed was a new system of taxation 
more extensive and more oppressive than 
those which had preceded it. 

The tyranny of Spain in Cuba excited the 
warmest sympathy for the Cubans from the 
people of the United States, and this, added 
to a desire at the south to acquire more 
slave territory, led to attempts to purchase 
the island by our government. In 1848 Presi- 
dent Polk offered Spain $1,000.000 for the 
island, which was refused. In October, 1854. 
three United States ministers to various Eu- 
ropean courts signed what was known as the 
Ostend manifesto, which declared in case of 
Spain's refusal to sell the island of Cuba to 
the United States that our government had 
the right to take it by conquest and annex it 
to the union. The signers of that manifesto 
were Buchanan. Soule and Mason. In 1858 a 
proposal was made in the United States sen- 
ate to offer Spain $30,000,000 for the island, but 
it was withdrawn after being debated. 

In 1868 the Spanish revolution led to a rising 
of the friends of Cuban independence on the 
island and ten years' insurrection was inaugu- 
rated. The leader of that movement was Car- 
los Manuel Cespedes, who took the field with 
a force composed of his own liberated slaves. 
He. soon had an army of 12,000 men. The up- 
rising took place at Yara, in the district of 
Bayamo. Oct. 10 of that year in the city of 
Manzanillo independence was declared and a 
provisional republic established. Cespedes 
was elected president, and among the mem- 
bers of the first congress was Tomas Estrada 
Palma. second president of the provisional 
republic. Among the revolutionary leaders 
with Cespedes, besides Modesto Diaz and 
Ignacio Agramonte, were Maceo, Maximo 
Gomez, Carlos Rolofl and Serafin Sanchez. 
These last names will be recognized as those 
of men now at the head of the actual revolu- 
tionary movement. 

The whole eastern end of the island rapidly 
came into possession of the new republic. 
Oct. 18 Bayamo was captured. Ten days later 
Holguin joined the movement and early in 
November a strong Spanish force from San- 
tiago de Cuba was signally defeated. A num- 
ber of the Spanish-American republics at once 
accorded the revolutionists belligerent rights. 
For eight years Spain poured thousands of 
men and millions of money into the island in 
an unavailing attempt to crush out the insur- 
rection. In November, 1876, in a debate in the 
Spanish cortes on the affairs of Cuba, it was 
stated that 145,000 soldiers had been sent to 
Cuba, and of them not enough remained or 
had returned to make a single regiment. In 
that year Spain determined to make a last 
gigantic effort, and Gen. Martinez Campos, the 
"Strong Man of Spain," was sent to Cuba 
with Sti.OOO fresh troops. While doing enor- 
mous damage to Spain, the revolutionists had 
not been able during all this time, owing to 
the peculiar character of the warfare, to do 
more than hold their own. Both.sides were 
weary of the struggle, and by tactful promises, 
holding out the hope of autonomy for Cuba. 
Campos succeeded in effecting the treaty of 
Zanjon. and thus by diplomacy rather tnan 
by force of arms put an end to the ten years' 
revolution. 

The main concession for which the uncon- 
quered insurgents accepted peace was the 
promise of constitutional reform. As a matter 
of fact, there promptly followed four royal 
decrees, as follows: June 9, 1878, entitling 



Cuba to elect deputies to the cortes, one for 
each 40,000 people; June 9, dividing the island 
into the present six provinces; June 21, insti- 
tuting a system of provincial and municipal 
government, followed on Aug. 16 by the 
necessary electoral regulations. But the sys- 
tem was immediately seen to be the shadow 
without the substance of self-government. 
The provincial assembly could nominate only 
three candidates for presiding officer. It was 
the inevitable governor-general who had the 
power to appoint, not necessarily one of the 
three nominees but any member of the as- 
sembly he chose. But all this provincial ma- 
chinery was in reality an empty form, since 
expressly by law the governor-general was 
given the power to prorogue the assemblies at 
will. The chief practical result of the long 
struggle was the wiping out of slavery in 
Cuba. The system of government which ex- 
isted before the rebellion of 1868 is still in 
vogue. That system comprises: 1. A tariff 
which by differential duties forces Cuba to 
buy to Spanish advantage and her own disad- 
vantage, and sell (with an export duty for 
Spain's benefit) where she can. 2. A scheme 
of internal taxation laid in crushing weight 
on every phase of industrial life. 8. A com- 
plete system of control and espionage over 
the details of business, with countless fees 
and explanations. The body of officers who 
execute this universal system of great and 
petty interference are too generally black- 
mailers who adroitly temper their exactions 
to the little wool left on the oft-shorn lamb. 
4. The distribution and expenditure of prac- 
tically the total collected revenues remains 
with Spain. The general result of this policy, 
besides imbittering the Cubans, has been to 
strain and drain every industry and to dis- 
courage new projects and embarrass old ones. 

The population of the island is about 2.000,- 
000. Upon that population has been fastened 
by Spain the enormous debt of $200.000.000. In 
addition to this crushing debt of $100 per 
capitals added a system of taxation incon- 
ceivable in its extent and oppressiveness. 
However exaggerated any statement of the 
wrongs of the Cubans may seem, the difficulty 
really is not how to magnify but how to give 
an adequate conception of them. Everything 
that a Cuban has or does, or may expect to 
have or do, is subject to two taxes at least. 

Of the first class some examples may give 
an idea, The smallest retail stores are taxed 
$300, and for larger stores the tax is greater. 
Each and every article in those stores has 
paid customs duties at excessive rates. Every 
income is taxed. Even clerks in the stores 
must pay an income tax of 2J^ per cent of 
their salaries, and in addition thereto must 
pay further 6 per cent on this income tax to 
cover the expense of collecting it Every 
social gathering is taxed. There is a tax on 
marriages, on funerals, and even on a dinner 
party or dance. There is a tax on repairing 
houses. There is a tax on every servant kept. 
There is a tax for every letter in the signs of 
the stores. There are import and export 
duties. The duty on American flour is abso- 
lutely prohibitory, simply that Spain may dis- 
pose in Cuba of an inferior quality, produced 
in Spain, at enormous profit. Two years ago. 
when the Spanish crops were a failure, cheap 
brands of American flour were purchased and 
sent to Spain and reshipped to Cuba, the 
double freight thereon being added to the 
duties. The statement has been frequently 
made and, however incredible it may seem, 
it is true that the government banks, the 
officers of which are of course Spaniards. 
have passed out counterfeit money in making 
payments. Indeed, so far and to such an ex- 
tent this was done that the long-suffering in- 
habitants of Havana once nearly rose in 



THE CUBAN REVOLT. 



95 



riot against the abuse. The other class of 
taxes it is impossible to estimate, as it consists 
of extortions of the government officials, 
which are as barefaced as they are incredi- 
ble. 

No sooner had the peace of 1878 been con- 
cluded than plans were considered for the 
present rebellion. During the revolution of 
1868-78 a boy of 15 was put in chains and kept 
at hard labor for alleged seditious writings. 
Later he was sent to Spain, but succeeded in 
escaping shortly after. He became a man of 
great genius in letters, of high intellectual at- 
tainments, a poet and a brilliant journalist. 
Every move in the great struggle for freedom 
in his native land, from which he was an 
exile, was watched by him with deepest inter- 
est. He foresaw the inevitable outcome of 
that struggle and resolved to devote his life 
to the perfection of plans which would result 
in the attainment of freedom. That man was 
Jose Marti. 

In 1891 he began to put his well-thought 
plans into active execution. Knowing that 
the most energetic and patriotic of his fellow- 
countrymen had been forced to leave Cuba, he 
sought them out in the land of their refuge, 
the United States. Others had gone to the 
various Spanish-American republics to Ja- 
maica, to Haiti, and to Santo Domingo. 
Marti visited the principal cities in all of 
these countries, forming in each of them 
clubs of Cubans, which altogether made up 
the Cuban revolutionary party, of which 
Marti was president 

Enormous sums of money were collected 
and placed in his hands for disbursement. 
With this money he purchased immense quan- 
tities of arms and ammunition, which were 
secretly shipped to Cuba and there concealed 
until the time should be ripe to declare the 
new revolution. The time arrived early in 
1896. Feb. 24 Marti gave the signal to proclaim 
once more the republic of Cuba. The old flag 
adopted in 1868, a triangular blue union, bear- 
ing a single star and five stripes, three of red 
and two of white, was again hoisted to the cry 
of "Cuba libre !" Unfortunately for his plans, 
accident had placed the Spaniards in posses- 
sion of the knowledge that such an attempt 
was to be made. In the province of Matanza 
great stores of arms and ammunition were 
discovered and forfeited, and the suspected 
leaders were kept under strict espionage. 

The captain-general, Calleja, put forth 
every effort to crush the movement in its in- 
ception. How unsuccessfully the columns of 
the daily newspapers during the last year, in 
spite of the difficulty of obtnining truthful in- 
formation and the tremendous efforts made 
by Spain and still making to hide from the 
world anj; real knowledge of the condition of 
events, will show. 

Toward the end of February, 1895, Marti 
arrived on the island and was nominated by 
the revolutionary junta to be the head of the 
new revolutionary government, and Gen. Max- 
imo Gomez was appointed commander of the 
insurgent forces. The insurgents had two 
points of rally, one being Matanzas, in the 
province of Matanza, on the north coast 
of the island, the other being Santiago, 
in the province of Santiago de Cuba, 
on the extreme southeast coast. In March 
the government announced the capture Of 
Matanzas. At this time the government 
forces on the island consisted of 18,000 regu- 
lars, while the insurgent forces were very 
closely estimated at about 6,0(10. and of these 
about 4.000 were well armed with modern rifles 
and revolvers. It is exceedingly difficult to 
give a chronology of the events of the war in 
Cuba, from the fact that most of the reports 
come through Spanish sources and are wholly 
unreliable, and also because the insurgents 



are not risking their cause In general engage- 
ments. The battles, as a rule, are more like 
skirmishes than general encounters. During 
March the insurgents were defeated near 
Bayamo, but later defeated the government 
troops. The rebels were defeated at Guan- 
tanamo and at Salis, where two of their 
leaders were killed. On the other hand, dur- 
ing March the rebels won signal successes at 
El Cobre and at Holguin. The rebellion was 
spreading rapidly in March and the number 
under arms was increasing. The extreme 
difficulty of policing so large an extent of 
coast rendered it possible for the insurgents 
to procure arms and ammunition in large 

uantities from their friends in the United 
talcs and in Mexico. 

In April the rebels met defeat at Palmarito. 
Ilolgum and Palenque. The rebels won battles 
at Ramon de las Yaguas and at minor points 
in the east end of the island. Re-enforcements 
were weekly arriving from Spain. In May the 
rebels pushed the war toward the west, using 
the extreme eastern province of Santiago de 
Cuba as their base. The point of attack was 
Puerto Principe, the chief city of the province 
next west of Santiago de Cuba. In May in a 
battle near Camaguey the government forces 
were defeated and Gen. Echague was 
taken prisoner, and they were defeated May 
12 in a battle at Jovito. May 20 occurred the 
battle near Dos Rios, In which the rebels were 
defeated and Marti was killed, the most severe 
loss sustained by the insurgent forces since 
the uprising. It is claimed with strong 
evidence in its favor that Marti was assassi- 
nated by a Cuban traitor. 

Up to the first of June over 20.000 troops were 
sent to Cuba from Spain and 10,000 additional 
forces are under orders to sail. The troops, 
however, have been of the poorest kind, 
being Spanish conscripts, the larger propor- 
tion being boys under military age and with- 
out discipline, experience or acclimation. 
They are, however, fairly well armed and of- 
ficered. In June the insurgents pushed the 
campaign westward into the province of 
Puerto Principe, and as the people of the 
province favored the Cuban cause the state 
fell into the rebels' hands without much fight- 
ing. So completely had the rebels acquired 
possession of the two eastern provinces that 
Gen. Maceo began the issuance of clearance 

gapers to merchaut vessels from the port of 
aimanera. The taking of the war to the 
west developed the strength of the insurgent 
forces. The town of Canasl, west of Matanzas. 
was attacked by the rebels, early in June and 
the Spanish bands under Gen. Pratt deserted 
and went over to the rebels. At that time the 
insurgent forces were estimated to number 
20,000 men of all arms. In June the cities of 
Saledad and Cienfuegos revolted against 
Spanish rule and it was reported that "all the 
artillery possessed by the Spanish forces in 
the eastern departments" had fallen into the 
hands of Gen. Maceo. In Spain a dispatch 
was received from the captain-general that 
14,000 fresh troops were necessary to prosecute 
an offensive campaign in Cuba. 

Through July and August the military 
operations on the island were confined to 
skirmishes between the opposing forces, suc- 
cess being usually with the insurgents. The 
insurgents used the time in perfecting their 
political organizations and in preparations 
for declaring their independence, in choosing 
government officials and in perfecting their 
constitution. 

On the 23d of September a meeting of the 
Cuban provincial delegates was held at Anton 
de Puerto Principe, at which the report of the 
special committee appointed to draw a consti- 
tution was adopted without debate, the funda- 
mental laws of the republic were formally 



CHICAGO DALLY NEWS ALMANAC FOR 1896. 



proclaimed, and the independence of the 
island from Spain solemnly declared. 

The provisional government of Gen. Maceo 
gave way to this permanent organization: 

President Salvador Cisneros of Puerto 
Principe. 

VIce-President Bartolome Masso of Man- 
zanillo. 

Secretary of War Carlos Roloff of Santa 
Clara. 

Assistant Secretary of War Mario Menocal 
of Matanzas. 

Secretary of Foreign Affairs Rafael Por- 
tuendo of Santiago de Cuba. 

Assistant Secretary of Foreign Affairs Fer- 
mln V. Dominguez of Havana. 

Secretary of the Treasury Severa Pina of 
Sancti Spiritus. 

Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Joa- 
quin Castillo of Santiago de Cuba. 

Secretary of the Interior Santiago J. Sani- 
narea of Remedies. 

Assistant Secretary of the Interior Carlos 
Dubols of Baracoa. 

General-in-Chief Maximo Gomez. 

Lieutenant-GeneralAntonio Maceo. 

The provinces of Santa Clara, Santiago, 
Havana, Puerto Principe and Matanza were 
all represented in the new government, and 
the organization seemed to give general satis- 
faction to insurgents and to insurgent sym- 
pathizers throughout the island. Jose Maceo, 
Maso, Capote, Serapin Sanchez and Suerto 
Rodriguez were designated as major-generals. 

Following this meeting the declaration of 
independence and the constitution adopted 
by the insurgents were publicly Issued. They 
were as follows: 

The revolution for the independence and 
creation in Cuba of a democratic republic, 
initiated on the 24th of February last, sol- 
emnly declares the separation of Cuba from 
the Spanish monarchy and its constitution as 
a free and independent state, under the name 
of Republica de Cuba. 

The elected delegates of the revolution, in 
convention assembled, acting free from all 
violence, anger or prejudice, and inspired 
solely by the desire faithfully to interpret the 
popular vote in regard to the establishment 
of a provisional government, have now formed 
a compact between the world and Cuba, and 
pledge themselves to the following articles of 
the constitution of the new Cuban republic: 

Article 1. The supreme power of the re- 
public shall be vested in a council composed 
of a president, vice-president and four sec- 
retaries for the dispatch of business of war, 
of the interior, of foreign affairs and of the 
treasury. 

Art. 2. Every secretary shall have a sub- 
secretary, in order to supply any vacancy. 

Art. 3. The council of government shall have 
power to dictate all measures and dispositions 
relative to the civil and political life of the 
revolution; to impose and collect taxes; to 
contract public loans; to issue paper money; 
to appropriate and expend the funds collected 
in the island from whatever source, and also 
the funds which may be raised abroad; to 
grant letters of marque; to raise troops and 
to maintain them; to declare reprisals with 
respect to the enemy, and to ratify treaties; 
to grant authorization, when deeming it con- 
venient to do so, for the trial before the civil 
courts of the president or any member of the 
council of government who may be accused; 
to decide all matters which may be brought 
before them by any citizen, except those of a 
judicial character; to approve the law of mil- 
itary organization and the ordinances of the 
military service, as drawn up by the com- 
mander-in -chief: to grant military commis- 
sions from that of colonel upward, previously 
hearing and considering the report of the im- 



mediate superior officer, and of the general-in 
chief or the lieutenant, and also to appoint 
the general-in-chief and the lieutenant in case 
of vacancy; to order the election of four rep- 
resentatives for each army corps whenever, in 
accordance with this constitution, an as- 
sembly shall be convened. 

Art. 4. The council of government shall in- 
tervene in the direction of military operations 
only when in their judgment it shall be ab- 
solutely necessary to do so. 

Art. 5. The decrees of the council of gov- 
ernment shall be, valid only when two-thirds 
of the members shall have concurred in them. 

Art. 6. The office of councilor may not be 
held by one holding any other office under the 
republic, nor by any person under the age of 
25 years. 

Art. 7. The executive power Is vested in the 
president, and In his default in the vice-pres- 
ident. 

Art 8. The decisions of the council of gov- 
ernment shall be sanctioned and promulgated 
by the president, who shall take all necessary 
steps for their execution within ten days. 

Art. 9. All treaties entered into by the presi- 
dent shall be ratified by the council of gov- 
ernment in order to be valid. 

Art. 10. The president shall receive all dip- 
lomatic representatives and issue the respect- 
ive commissions to public functionaries. 

Art. 11. The treaty of peace with Spain, 
which shall have for its basis the absolute in- 
dependence of the island of Cuba, shall be 
ratified by the council of government and by 
the assembly of representatives convened 
expressly for this purpose. 

Art. 12. The vice-president shall act for the 
president in the case of a vacancy. 

Art. 13. In case of a vacancy of the offices 
of president and vice-president by resigna- 
tion, deposition, death or any other cause, an 
assembly of representatives shall be con- 
vened, and meanwhile the duties of said 
offices shall be discharged by the oldest of the 
secretaries in age. 

Art. 14. The secretaries shall have voice and 
vote in all deliberations and resolutions of 
the council. 

Art. 15. The secretaries shall have the right 
to propose for appointment all the employes 
of their respective offices. 

Art. 16. The sub-secretaries, in cases of 
vacancy, shall act for the secretaries and shall 
then have voice and vote in the delibera- 
tions. 

Art. 17. All the armed forces of the republic 
and the direction of the military operations 
shall be under the control of the general-in- 
chief, or, in case of a vacancy, under the 
lieutenant-general. 

Art. 18. All public functionaries, whatever 
their class, shall aid and support one another 
in the execution of the resolutions of the 
council of government. 

Art. 19. All the Cubans are bound to serve 
the revolution with their persons jJnd inter- 
ests, each one according to his abilities. 

Art. 20. Foreign property shall be subjected 
to the same taxes imposed upon the property 
belonging to Cubans, but an exception shall 
be made in favorof the property of foreigners 
whose governments recognize the rights of 
belligerency to Cuba, and no tax shall be im- 
posed upon it during the revolution. 

Art. 21. All debts contracted and obligations 
incurred since the beginning of the present 
revolutionary movement by the chief com- 
manders of the army for the benefit of the 
revolution shall be held valid and due, and 
also those which henceforward the council of 
government may contract or incur. 

Art. 22. The council of government shall 
have power to depose any of its members fo'r 
just cause by a majority of two-thirds, and 



THE COTTON STATES EXPOSITION. 



shall report the fact to the assembly first con- 
vening after the occurrence. 

Art. 23. The judicial power shall act with 
entire independence of all the others, and the 
council of government shall provide for its 
organization and regulation. 

Art. 24. The present constitution shall re- 
main in force for two years, unless the war 
should come to an end before that time. After 
the expiration of two years from the date 
hereof an assembly of representatives shall 
be convened for the purpose of electing a new 



government and amending this constitution 
if necessary in their judgment to do so. 

So has been agreed upon and resolved in 
the name of the republic of Cuba, by the 
constituent assembly at Jimaguayu, on the 
16th of September, 1895, and in witness thereof 
we, the delegates-representatives of the Cuban 
people, sign the present instrument. 

The impossibility of obtaining reliable in- 
formation of the military and political move- 
ments in Cuba obliges the closing of this rec- 
ord of events Oct. 1, 1895. 



THE COTTON STATES EXPOSITION. 



The idea of an International and Cotton 
States Exposition at Atlanta, Ga.. originated 
with Col. W. A. Hemphill, Dec. 13. 1893. and 
was so favorably considered by the people of 
that city and state that on tne 8th of January, 
1894, the permanent organization of the enter- 
prise was effected and work was begun upon a 
guaranteed subscription of $500,000, the capi- 
tal stock being limited to 5.000,000. Piedmont 
park, embracing 189 acres of ground, was se- 
lected as the site of the exposition. Twelve 
buildings were erected by the company for ex- 
position purposes. 

The largest structure within the grounds 
was the manufactures and liberal arts build- 
Ing, 356 feet long. 206 feetwide and 90 feet high. 
A tower 60 feet square was situated at each 
corner. Galleries 20 feet in width ran around 
the interior walls. 

One of the most imposing buildings on the 
ground was that devoted to agriculture. It 
was 300 feet long and the roof 101) feet high at 
the apex. The exhibits came from all parts 
of the earth and particularly from the south- 
ern states. 

The minerals and forestry building was 110 
feet wide and 350 feet long, constructed en- 
tirely of natural southern woods, all of which 
rew within the state of Georgia. Among the 
ifferent varieties may be mentioned pine, 
hickory, poplar, black gum, willow, ironwood, 
oak, maple, ash, cherry, chestnut and cypress. 
Upon the roof was arranged a collection of 
tropical plants and foliage. The display of 
minerals was very extensive and complete. 

Machinery hall, 118 feet by 500 feet and 60 
feet high, was a finely proportioned building, 
the floor sustaining a weight of 200 pounds to 
the square inch. A railroad ran the entire 
length of the structure. 

The transportation building was 450 feet 
long and two tracks laid for the entire length. 
At each end of the building were galleries 48 
feet by 117 feet, fitted up as restaurants. On 
each side of the double tracks was ample 
space for carriages, wagons and everything on 
wheels which would naturally be found under 
the general heading of transportation. 

The electric exhibit was one of the features 
of the exposition. The building devoted to 
the exhibit occupied a site on the east bank of 
the lake and was 245 feet by 79. The light- 
jig of buildings and grounds was accom- 
plished by means of plants located In this 
auilding. 

The negro building. 276 feet by 112, was 
planned, executed and built by negroes. The 
idea was to show the advance of the black man 
under southern institutions. Two colored 
men contracted the work and carried it 
forward without white help. Every timber 
in the building was laid by negro hands, and 
the whole structure, from cellar to roof, is a 
monument of the progress of the African race 
in the south since the days of emancipation. 

The auditorium, including police department 
and express offices, was 200 feet long, 135 feet 
deep and four stories high, with mezzanine 
stories. 



The fire building was 206 feet long, 50 feet 
wide and two stories high. 

The woman's building was 150 feet long, 128 
feet deeu and 90 feet to top of statue on cen- 
tral dome. 

The fine arts was 100 feet wide, 245 feet long 
and 50 feet high. 

The administration building, combining 
main entrance, fronting 240 feet on Piedmont 
avenue, was 50 feet wide at center and three 
stories high. 

The highest point on the grounds was occu 
pled by the United States government build- 
ing, 180 by 260 feet, which was erected at a 
cost of $50,000. The government appropriated 
$200,000 to the exhibits and buildings, and, 
although the exhibits were smaller than those 
at Chicago in 18113, they were instructive. 

State exhibits were made by New York, 
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Illinois, Georgia, 
Alabama, California, South Carolina, North 
Carolina, Florida and Arkansas, eight of 
which erected buildings on the grounds. 
Foreign government exhibits were made 
by Great Britain. France, Germany, Italy, 
Belgium, Kussia, Mexico, Venezuela, Argen- 
tine Republic. Salvador, Chile, Honduras, 
Nicaragua and Costa Rica. 

The officers and commissioners were: 

C.A.Collier President and director-general.