REMOTE STORAGE MAR ~Zr INAN OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY ILLINOIS HISTORICAL SURVjSJZ^ Ir 2>io t. Chicago '9'8 ton Blvd. REPRESENTING ALLIANCE INSURANCE CO PHILADELPHIA AMERICAN EAGLE FIRE INS. CO NEW YORK CONTINENTAL INSURANCE CO NEW YORK FARMERS' FIRE INSURANCE CO. . YORK, PA. FIRE ASSOCIATION PHILADELPHIA FIREMAN'S FUND INSURANCE CO CALIFORNIA GERMAN AMERICAN FIRE INS. CO BALTIMORE GERMAN AMERICAN INSURANCE CO NEW YORK INSURANCE CO. OF NORTH AMERICA PHILADELPHIA LONDON & LANCASHIRE FIRE INS. CO ENGLAND PHILADELPHIA UNDERWRITERS PHILADELPHIA ZURICH GENERAL ACCIDENT AND LIABILITY INSURANCE CO ZURICH, SWITZERLAND (Liability, Automobile, Accident and Health) NEW JERSEY FIDELITY & PLATE GLASS INSURANCE CO NEWARK, NEW JERSEY (Plate Glass) NATIONAL SURETY CO NEW YORK (Burglary) NEW AMSTERDAM CASUALTY CO BALTIMORE, MD. 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Steel Corporation, National Biscuit Co., International Harvester Co., Bethlehem Steel Co., Pennsylvania R. R., Montgomery Ward Co., Hart, Schaffner & Marx, Morris & Co. and other large businesses. Over 600,000 sold. Every Oliver carries the regular Oliver guar- anteed service. These machines are famed for durability and simplicity. Get full exchange value for a used machine. Telephone Randolph 500, or write at once to "Chicago Distributor." Better still, come to our office 159 N. Dearborn St. Then you will know of the Oliver plan for saving you $51. Machines shipped out of town on approval. The Oliver Typewriter Co. 159 N. Dearborn St., Chicago Chicago Distributing Headquarters Ask for the Chicago manager. He will take your order or send an Oliver for inspection and demon- stration. Ask for the sensational book which discloses how amaz- ing wastes in sell- ing were discov- ered and elim- inated. Telephone Now Randolph 500 JIIIII!lllilillll!l!ll!ll!l!ll!llllllllli!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllii:illlll!lllllllll!IIIH [THIRTY-FOURTH YEAR] THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918 EDITED BY JAMES LANGLAND, M. A. ISSUED BY THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS COMPANY [Copyright, 1917, by The Chicago Daily News Company.] PREFACE. The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year-Book for 1918 is devoted largely to the facts connected with the entry of the United States into the European conflict, which thus became a veritable world war. The reasons for abandoning the policy of neutrality so resolutely maintained by America until April, 1917, are given at length in numerous official documents from various sources, including the historical speeches made by President Wilson. Con- gress passed laws of the utmost' importance to every citizen of the country and a large number of these acts are given in full. Much space is also devoted not only to the mobilization of the nation's military and naval forces but also to the marshaling of its civil forces and the concentration of its economic resources for war purposes. As will be seen by the records in this volume, it was truly a wonderful year in the history of America. The de- velopments on the various battle fronts are fully outlined and the story of the sensational political developments in Russia, Greece and other countries directly affected by the conflict is compre- hensively told. This volume, however, is not merely a war history. It contains all the statistical and other matter relating to international, national, state and local affairs found in previous issues revised and brought down to date. 3/0 D/f ii/% R%M&ftcHs jg INDEX 1918. A Abbreviations of Titles 139 Absent Voting Law 613 Abyssinia -">'! Academy Arts and Letters.. 216 Academy. French 151 Academy of Medicine 216 Academy Political Science.. 216 Academy of Sciences. Chi.. 713 Accidents. Electric Road 687 Accidents. Football 630 Accidents, Hunting 597 Accidents in Mines. Etc 84 Accidents in 1917 321 Accidents, R. R.. Statistics. 586 Actuarial Society : 216 Actuaries, Am. Institute 217 Adamson Act Decision 42 Adjutant-General. 111.. Fay. 609 Administrative Act. Ill 598 Administrator. Public 662 Aerial Raids on Britain 533 Aeroplane Records 355 Afghanistan 271 Age, Population by 93 Agricultural Advisers 653 Agricultural Department 251 Agricult'l Dept.. 111.. 599. 600, 653 Agricultural Engineers. Soc. 217 Agricultural Exports 126 Agricultural Exports by Yrs. 126 Agricultural Increase 129 Agricultural Statistics 116 Agriculture. Secretaries of.. 234 Agriculture, State Board.... 654 Agriculture. Stimulation...... 427 Aircraft Beard 519 Aircraft Production 536 Alabama State Officers 278 Alabama. Vote of 277 Alaska 275 Alaska, Population (1910).... 100 Alaska, Prohibition in 50 Albania 267 Alcohol Produced in U. S... 144 Aldermen and "Wards 694 Aldermen. Board of 672 Aldermen. Vote for 623 Alexander. King of Greece.. 515 Algeria 272 Alien Property Custodian. 476, 488 Aliens, Deportation of 169 Aliens of Voting Age......... .92 Altitudes, Highest. Conti- nental 1 40 Altitudes, Lowest. Conti- nental I 40 . Altitudes, Highest. States... 140 Aluminum Production 82 Ambassadors. American 261 America Enters the War.... 377 Reasons for 377 American Antiquities 141, 142 American Bible Society 199 American Defense Society... 215 Am. Federation of Labor... 665 American Hall of Fame 203 Am. -Japanese Agreement.... 276 Am. Sundav School Union... 199 American Tract Society 200 America's Cup 346 Anatomists. Am. Ass'n 216 Andrew and Philip Society.. 200 Animal Products. Value J127 Annapolis Academy 581 Annexations Voted 626 Anniversaries. Wedding 133 Annuity Tables 136 Aatietara National Park 141 Antilles Sunk 541 Antiquities. American.... 141. 142 Anti-Saloon League of Am.. 218 Antitrust Law. Sherman 152 Apollo Club. The 710 Appam Restored 551 Appeal Boards, Chicago 573 Appeals. Circuit Courts of.. 252 Appellate Court, 111 663 Apple Production .. 122 Apportionment. Congress'n'l, 240 Appropriations. Analysis...., -459 Appropriations. Chicago , 682 Appropriations. County 667 Appropriations, Naval 55 Appropriations. War 403 Arabic Numerals 139 Archaeological Institute 217 Archbishops. Catholic 194 Architect, County 662 Architect, City 677 Architects. Am. Institute... 217 Architects, Naval, Soc 218 Arctic Exploration 193 Area. American Cities 106 Area, Chicago. Growth 621 Area, U. S.. Per Inhabitant 102 Area. U. S. by Years 102 Areas of uceans and Lakes., 140 Argentina and Germany 501 Argentine Republic 272 Arizona. State Officers 278 Arizona, Vote of 278 Arkansas Mineral Output.... 83 Arkansas, State Officers 279 Arkansas, Vote of 278 Armies of World 5.78 Army Camps 47? Army Departments 478 Army and Navy Union 212 Army, Navy, Strength 488 Army Nurses of Civil War.. 211 Army Organization 480 Army Pay Table 480 Army of the Philippines 213 Army of the United States.. 477 Army, U. S.. Before War... 580 Army War Council 566 Arrivals, Vessel, Chicago.... 700 Arsenals. U. S 232 Art Advisers. Illinois 654 Art Galleries, Leading 130 Art Institute 729 Artists, Societies of 647 Arts and Letters, Am. Acad. 219 Asbestos Production 82 Asiatic Association. Am 216 Asphaltum Production 82 Assay Offices. U. S 72 Assembly, 111.. Members 658 Assessment. Chicago 620 Assessment, Cook County.... 620 Assessment. Illinois 630 Assessors. Board of 66.2 Assets, Fixed, Chicago 680 Assets, Fixed. Cook Co 670 8 823165 Associated Press 358 Ass'n for Advancement Sci- ence 216 Association of Commerce.... 687 Associations. General 218 Associations, Polit., Chicago. 712 Astronomical Society. Am... 216 Asvlums, Homes. Chicago... 713 Athletic Records 342 Athletic Records. World'*... 345 Athletics, College 343 Atlantic Voyages. Fast 99 Attorney, City 673 Attorney, Prosecuting 673 Attorneys. City, List 679 Attorneys, District. U. S..... 254 Attorneys-General 234 Aurora, Popula tion 644 Australia. Commonwealth.... 267 Austria-Hungary 267 Austria and Submarine War. 467 Austria, U. S. War on... 464, 466 Reasons For 464, 466 Austrians in United States.. 95 Automobile Records 355 Automobiles. Manufacture... 81 Autumn Begins 15 B Baker. N. D.. Portrait 247 Ball Clubs' Military Drill... 347 Ballooning 355 Band Association. Chicago.. 710 Bank Clearings, Chicago 693 Bank Deposits 63 Bank, Fed. Res. Statement. 66 Bank, Private, Law 612 Bank Statistics. Chicago.... 693 Banking Power of U. S 62 Banking Statistics 62 Banks. Chicago 691 Banks, Farm Loan 676 Banks, Federal Reserve 65 Banks. National. U. S ^. 62 Banks. Savings, Foreign .... . 64 Banks. Savings, Statistics... 62 Banks with Largest Capital. 62 Baptist Denomination 198 Bar Association, American., 216 Barley Crop by States , 121 Barley Crop of World 117 Barley Crop by Years 118 Barometer. Wind. Lake 689 Barry, T. H., on Drafted Men 674 Barytes Production 82 Baseball Champs'ip. Chicago 578 Baseball Season of 1917 326 Baseball. World's Series 327 Basket Ball 350 Bathing Beaches. Chicago.... 708 Baths. Free, in Chicago 684 Battle Ships, Money for 66 Battles. Dates of 651 Bauxite Production 82 Bean Crop by States 121 Bean Crop of World 117 Beer Produced in U. S 144 Beet Sugar Production 119 Belgian Deportations 604 Belgian Mission 627 Belgian Mission In Chicago. 671 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Belgians in United States..* 95 Belgium ... 268 Benevolent Societies.... .... 204 Ben-Bur, Tribe of 207 Bequests and Gifts 322 Bernstorff, Ambassador (See War). Bernstorff as Briber 501 Bernstorff Dismissed 382 Beverages, War Tax on...., 431 Bible Society. American 199 Bicycles. Manufacture 81 Bicycling 345 Billboard Decision 239 Billiards 350 Biological Chemists. Soc 217 Birth and Death Rates. U. S. 146 Birth Rates. Foreign 146 Bisbee I. W. W. Troubles.. 193 Bishops, Episcopal 196 Bishops, Methodist _. 195 Bishops, Roman Catholic... 194 Blind in Other Lands 115 Blind, Schools for 181 Blind in United States 115 Bloomington Population 644 Blue Sky Law, Illinois 611 Blue Skv Laws Valid 40 Board of Education 719 Board of Education Law.... 617 Board Equalization. Ill 653 Board of Trade. Chicago.... 647 Bokhara 271 Bolivia 272 Bolsheviki. Rise of 512 Bond (Liberty) Laws 400. 401 Bonds. Liberty 523 Borax Production 82 Borax. Source of 111. Botanical Society of Am.... 218 Boulevard Link Project 689 Boulevards, Chicago 703 Bowling 335 Bovcott. Buck Co., Case.... 584 Brandy Produced in U. S 144 Brazil 273 Bridge, Long Russian 152 Bridge Svstem. Chicago 739 Bridges, Closed Hours on... 679 Bridges. Mississippi, New... 74 Briquets, Fuel. Production,. 168 British War Mission 527 Brooklvn Handicap 340 Buck Boycott Case 584 Buckwheat Crop by States.. 121 Buckwheat Crop by Years... 118 Buffalo Bill. Death of 154 Building Associations p * Building Statistics. Chicago. 702 Buildings in Chicago 694 Buildings. Dept.. City 675 Buildings. Notable. Chicago. 740 Buildings, Notable, N. Y 742 Bulgaria 268 Bulgarians in United States, 95 Burial Places of Presidents.. 139 Burleson. A. S.. Portrait.... 247 Bushel Weights 132 Business Houses. Old 736 Butte I. W. W. Lynching... 193 Butter and Cheese Supply. U. S 528 Butter and Egg Board 68" Butter. International Trade. 126 Byng, Gen. Julian 548 c Cabinet Changes 563 Cables. World's 76 Calendar for 1918 17 Calendar, Ready Reference.. 24 Calendars (1919-1922) 23 Calendars, Various 16 California State Officers 280 California. Vote of 279 Cambrai. Battle of .- 548 Cambridge-Oxford Races 334 Camp Names, Source 480 Camps, Army 478 Camps, Internment 532 Canada, Dominion of 265 Canada, Plots Against 498 Canadian Pacific. Plot Against 502 Canadians in United States. 95 Canal. Panama 191 Canal, Sault Ste. Marie 77 Canal. Suez 77 Canals, Great Ship 77 Cancer. Deaths from 146 Candidates, Pledges by 615 Cane Sugar Production 119 Cantonments. Nat'l Army... 479 Canvassing Board. State 655 Capital Punishment 579 Capitals of States 230 Capitol in Washington 77 Cardinals. College of 194 Carnegie Foundation 276 Carry. Edward F 530 Casa Grande Ruin 141 Cassin in Battle 541 Casting. Fly and Bait 351 Casualties in War * 360 Casualty Insurance 73 Catholic Associations 195 Cattle in United States...... 123 Cement Production 82 Cemeteries in Chicago 684 Census Bureau, Work of.... 621 Census, School. Chicago 732 Centenarians in U. S 582 Centennial Bldg.. Comm'n.. 655 Centennial Celebration Plans 630 Centennial Commission 628 Centennial Flag, Illinois.... 628 Centennial. Illinois 628 Cereal Supply of U. S 128 Certificates of Indebtedness. 55 Chairmen State Committees. 242 Chandler. W. E.. Death 579 Chaplains at Large 459 Character Com.. Illinois 653 Charities. Cook Co ,. 685 Charity Organizations 714 Charleston (111.) Tornado.... 36 Chart of Heavens 25 Chattanooga Nat'l Park 141 Chauncey. Loss of 542 Cheese, International Trade. 126 Chemical Industry 521 Chemical Society. Am 216 Chester. Pa.. Race Riots in. 147 Chicago Appropriations 682 Chicago, Area. Growth...... 621 Chicago Assessment 620 Chicago Assets 680 Chicago at a Glance 688 Chicago Baseball Champ'ship 57S Chicr.go Board of Trade.'.... 647 Chicago Chronology 688 Chicago Daily News Circu- lation 778 Chicago and Draft 572 Chicago Elections 622 Chicago. Elevation 731 Chicago Fed. of Labor 68? Chicago Finances 680 Chicago. Governments in.,.. 684 Chicago. Loyalty in War.... 570 Chicago Manufactures 632 Chicago Met. Dist. Mfrs.... 634 Chicago Mortality 645 Chicago Officials 671, 672 Chicago. Points of Interest.. 6S3 Chicago. Population 734 Chicago Postoffiee 695 Chicago Presidential Vote... 647 Chicago. Progress of 690 Chicago Public Library 726 Chicago University Library.. 727 Chicago War Bodies 567 Chicago Weather 776 Chicago and World War 569 Chicago's Debt 681 Chicago's War Work 572 Chickamauga Nat'l Park.... 141 Child Labor Com.. Nat'l.... 218 Children's Bureau. U. S 250 Children's Science Library.. 7^8 Chile ... 273 China 271 China, American - Japanese Agreement 276 China, Imperialist Plot 275 Chinese in States 90, 95 Christian Endeavor Society.. 199 Christian Science Church.... 198 Chronological Cvcles ,.. 15 Chronology, Chicago 688 Chronology Recent Wars 57ft Chronology, U. S.. War 552 Chronology. War, General... 556 Church Calendar .. 15 Church. New Jerusalem.. ,. 199 Church Statistics 2o0 Churches in Chicago 68S Churches of Christ 199 Churches of United States... 194 Cincinnati. Society of the.. 213 Circuit Court, Cook Co 663 Circuit Court Judges. U. S.. 252 Circuit Courts of Appeals... 252 Circulation Daily News 77S Circulation Statement 66 Cities. Am., Elevation of... 106 Cities, Am.. Government.... 595 Cities. Am.. Population.. 103, 104 Cities, Am.. Time in ,. 34 Cities. Area of Largest 106 Cities. Distances Between.. 150 Cities in Each State 103 Cities of Fastest Growth... 106 Cities, 111.. Government 710 Cities. Largest in World.... 109 Cities. Manufactures in 171 Citizenship of Foreign Born. 92 Citizenship in U. S 237 City Attorney 673 City Clerk, Vote 623 City Clerk's Office 672 City Comptroller's Office.... 673 City Council .... 672 City Engineer 673 City Treasurer's Office 673 City Treasurer. Vote 623 Civic Association, American. 218 Civic Federation. Nat'l 218 Civic Music Association 710 Civil Engineers. Am. Soc.... 217 Civil Service. Chicago 676 Civil Service Comm'n. U. S. 251 Civil Service. Cook Co 661 Civil Service. Employes in.. 223 Civil Service. State 655 Civil Service. United States. 222 Claims. Court of. U. S 252 Clay Products 82 Clearances. Vessel, Chicago. 700 Clearings. Bank. Chicago.... 693 Clerk County Court 661 Clerks, City. List 679 Clerks. County. Illinois 655 Cliraatological Association... 216 Climatology. U. S 588 Clinical Congress of Surg... 218 Clubs. Chicago 711 Coal Production 82" Coast Guard. U. S 80 Coast Guard Vessels 81 Coast Line of United States 35 Codv. W. F., Death of 154 Coffee Consumed. U. S 84 Coffee. International Trade.. 125 Coinage Acts. United States 69 Coinage Mints. U. S 72 Coinage by Nations 59 Coinage of World 61 Coins. Foreign. Value of.... 44 Coins of United States 69 Coke Production 82 Coldest Days. Chicago 776 Collector. City 673 Collectors. Internal Rev..... 184 Colleges. American 174 Colleges, Am. Ass'n of 217 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Colombia 273 Colonial Wars, Society of.... 214 Colorado State Officers 28x Colorado. Vote of 2S0 Colors. High School 737 Columbus. Chr.. Accident... 166 Columbus. Knights of 206 Commerce, Association of... 687 Commerce Dept.. U. S 249 Commerce. Domestic, U. S.. 5.87 Commerce, Secretaries of.... 234 Commerce. World's 76 Commercial Economy Board. 519 Commission Gov'd Cities.... 595 Commissioners. County 661 Committees. Nat'l, Political. 242 Commonwealth Ed. Co. Fi- nances 670 Compensation. Bureau of.... 674 Compound Interest Tables... 134 Comptroller. Cfty 673 Comptroller. County 661 Conciliation Board. Fed 320 Confederate Vets., United.... 212 Conference. Allied. War 625 Congregational Churches 197 Congress. Leading Commit- tees 462 Congress, Library of 26 Congress, Party Lines in.... 241 Congress for Prohibition 576 Congress. 65th. Members.... 257 Congress, 65th. Work of 396 Congress. 64th. Work of 45 Congressional Apportionm't.. 240 Congress'l Dists.. Ill 639, 640 Connecticut State Officers... 281 Connecticut. Vote of ,. 281 Conscription Law 397 Conservation Board. Illinois. 654 Conservation Congress. Nat'l 218 Constantine. King. Deposed. 515 Constitutional Convent'n. 111. 612 Consuls. American 262 Consuls in Chicago 747 Consumers Co. Finances 670 Contents Previous Issues.... 779 Control of River Floods 51 Conventions, National 246 Cook County Appropriations. 667 Cook Co. Assessment 620 Cook County Assets 670 Cook County Charities 685 Cook Co.. Congress'l Dists.. 640 Cook County Courts 663 Cook County Debt 660 Cook County Elections 622 Cook County Finances 668 Cook Co. Officials 660, 661 Cook Co.. Political Corn's... 648 Cook County Population 735 Cook Co., President'l Vote.. 647 Cook Co. Senatorial Dists... 641 Copper Production , 82 Copyright Laws 15'i Corn Crop by States 119 Corn Crop by Years 118 Corn Crop of World 117 Corn, International Trade... 125 Corn Prices. Chicago 774 Coroner's Office 662 Corporation Counsel 673 Corporations Convicted 40 Correction, House of 676 Cost of Living 229 Cost of the War 361 Costa Rica 273 Costa Rican Earthquake 182 Cotton Crop by States 122 Cotton Crop by Years 119 Cotton Crop of World 118 Cotton Fiber for Explosives. 79 Cotton. International Trade. 125 Cotton Seed Oil 125 Cotton Statistics. U. S 123 Council Defense. Illinois.... 567 Council Defense. 111.. Law... 607 Council National Defense.... 518 j Advisory Commission 518 Council. City, Parties in.... 683 Counties. 111., Facts About.. 635 County Agent 662 County Bldg. Custodian...... 662 County Clerk's Office 661 County Court. Cook 663 County Dept. Directory 667 County Institutions.... 662 County Officers. Illinois , 655 County Population. Illinois.. 637 Court of Claims, Illinois.... 653 Court. Supreme. Illinois 653 Courts in Cook County 663 Courts, United States 252 Courts. U. S.. Chicago... 663, 664 Cows. Milch, in U. S 123 Cranberry Crop 122 Crater Lake National Park.. 141 Crerar Library 727 Criminal Court 663 Criminal Law. Am. Institute 217 Criminal Law. Intern'l Union 218 Criminal Statistics. Chicago. 716 Cronholm Affair 501 Crc-o Values by States 126 Crops, American and World, Compared 127 Crops. Average Value ..119 Crops by Counties. Illinois.. 594 Crops, International 124 Crops of 1917 124 Crops of U. S. in 1909 128 Crops of U. S. by Years.... 118 Crops of World by Years.... 118 Cruisers. Money for 56 Cuba 274 Cubans in United States..., 95 Customs Appeals. Court 252 Customs Collected 166 Customs Duties 186 Customs Inspection. Chicago. 752 Czar of Russia Deposed 508 D Dames of Loyal Legion 212 Danes in United States 95 Daniels, Josephus, portrait.. 247 Danish W. Indies. Sale 37 Danville. Population 644 Dates of Big Battles 551 Dates Historical Events 224 Daughters of Am. Revolution 214 Daughters, Nat'l, G. A. R... 211 Daughters of Veterans 211 Days of Grace 135 Deaf, Schools for 181 Deaf and Dumb in U. S 115 Deaths by Causes, Age, Etc. 145 Deaths by Causes, Chicago.. 645 Death Rate, Chicago 645 Death Rates., Foreign 116 Death Rates, Illinois 688 Death Rates in United States 145 Death Roll, Chicago 766 Death Roll of 1917 323 Deaths, Foreign 325 Deaths of Noted Persons 226 Deaths by Occupation 147 Deaths in United States 323 Debt of Chicago 681 Debt, Cook County 669 Debt, Public, Analysis of 68 Debt, Public, United States. 67 Debts, National 160 Debts of States 596 Decatur. Population 644 Declarations of War 359 Decorations for Chicagoans.. 746 Decorations for Sailors 543 Decorations for Soldiers 545 Defense Council Law, 111.... 607 Defense, Wks. of. Money for 58 Degrees, Abbreviations of.... 139 Delaware State Officers 281 Delaware. Vote of 281 Dem. Committee. Cook Co... 649 Democratic Nat'l Committee. 242 Democratic State Committee 648 Denman-Goethals Dispute.... 531 Denmark 268 Denominational Statistics.... 200 Dental Association. Nat'l.... 218 Dental Schools 181 Department Officials. Ill 653 Deportations. Belgian 504 Deportation of Aliens 169 Deposits. Bank 68 Deposits, Chicago Bank 698 Depth of Oceans and Seas.... 140 Derby, American 340 Derby, English 340 Dermatological Ass'n. Am.... 216 Destroyers, Money for 56 Destroyer's Record Run 488 Dewey. Admiral, Death of... 240 Dialect, Society, Am 217 Diamonds. Weights of 139 Diamonds. World's Famous.. 139 Diplomatic Service 261 Directory County Depts 667 Disasters to Shipping 76 Disbursements. Government.. 66 Dispensaries. Chicago 715 Distances Between Cities 150 Distances Between Seaports. 150 Distances in Chicago 690 District Attorneys, U. S 254 District Court Judges. U. S. 253 Dividends, Returns of 55 Diving and Swimming 352 Division Table 133 Divorce. Causes for 154 Divorce and Marriage 153 Dog Racing 337 Dog Star 16 Dominican Republic 274 Draft in Chicago 572 Draft Law 397 Draft Proclamation 395 Draft and Registration. U.S. 484 Drago Doctrine 152 Drainage District 718 Dutch East Indies 271 Dutch in United States 96 Dutiable List 186 Duties Collected 166 Duties, Customs 186 Duties. Discriminating 190 Dwellings in United States.. 108 Eagles. Order of 207 Earnings, Street Ry 756 Earth and Moon 30 Earthquake. San Salvador... 108 Earthquakes. Modern 182 East St. Louis Population... 644 East St. Louis Race Riots... 147 Easter Sunday Dates 33 Eastern Front, Maps 548, 549 Eastern Star. Order of 205 Eclectic Medical Ass'n 218 Eclipses in 191S 30 Economic Ass'n, Am 217 Economic Soc, Western 218 Ecuador 273 Eddystone Disaster 502 Education Ass'n, Nat'l 218 Education, Board of 719 Education, Board, Law 617 Education, Bureau of 251 Education Committee 520 Education Dept., Ill 599, 602 Education, Statistics of 180 Education, Vocational 47 Efficiency, Bureau Pub 670 Egg Supply of U. S 128 Egypt 272 ElectionjCalendar, Local 626 Election Calendar by States. 339 Election Commissioners 676 Election Returns. States 277 Elections. Chicago 622 Elections, Cook Co 622 6 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Elections. Registration... 613, 614 Electoral College, The 235 Electoral Districts. Ill 636 Electoral Vote by States 241 Electric Roads in U. S 586 Electrical Engineers, Inst 217 Electrical Units Defined 131 Electricity, Dept. of 675 Electrotherapeutics, Am. Assn. 217 Elevated Stations 697 Elevation of Am. Cities 107 Elevation of Chicago 688 Elevation, Highest, in States 140 Elgin, Population 644 Elks, Order of 206 Embargo Plot 502 Embassies, American 261 Embassies. For., in U. S 264 Ember Days IB Emergency Expenditures- 57 Emergency Taxes Coll Mining Disasters, Great Mining Engineers, Am., Inst. Ministers, American Minnesota State Officers Minnesota, Vote of Missions, Foreign, to U. S. . Missions, War, American.... Mississippi State Officers.... Mississippi, Vote of Missouri Mineral Output.... Missouri State Officers* Missouri, Vote of Mobilization Expenses, 111... Mohammedaa Calendar Molasses Production Money in Circulation Money and Finance Money, Foreign, Value of... Money Order Statistics Money of the World Monetary Standards, Units.. Mongolia Sinks Submarine.. Monroe Doctrine Montana State Officers Montana, Vote of Montenegro Months', Symbols of Monuments in Chicago Monuments, National.... 141, Moon and Earth Moon, Light and Dark Moon, Positions of Morocco Mortality, Chicago Mortality Statistics. U. S... Mortality Table. American.. Mortality Tables Mother Tongue, Popul'n by.. Mother Tongues, Illinois Motorcycles, Manufacture... Motorcycle Records Motoring Mothers, Nat'l Congress of.. Mount McKinley Nat'l Park Mount McKinley Park Mount Rainier Park Mountains, High, in C. S... Mountains. Highest Mules in United States Multiplication Table Municipal Court Municipal League, Nat'l Municipal Pier Municipal Reference Library Munition Plants, Protect'n.. Munition Taxes Collected.... Munitions Boards Museum Advisers, State Music in Chicago Mutual Savings Banks Mystic Shrine, Nobles of.... 264 217 261 297 295 527 527 298 297 298 610 16 119 66 59 44 74 270 138 744 142 30 27 26 272 645 145 149 148 81 357 355 218 52 141 141 140 140 123 133 664 219 688 675 610 185 519 654 709 63 205 N National Bank Notes 52 National Banks 62 National Debts 160 Nat'l Fraternal Congress 207 Nat'l Inst. Arts, Letters.218, 219 National Security League 215 National Tax Association.... 219 National Union 206 Nations at War 359 Native Born, Percentage 98 Naturalists. Am. Soc 217 Naturalization Bureau 250 Naturalization Laws 238 Nature Study Society 217 Naval Academy. U. S 581 Naval Appropriations 55 Naval Consulting Board 578 Naval Emergency Law 56 Naval Operations, General... 538 Naval Operations, U. S 539 Naval Training Stations 494 Naval Volunteers, Illinois.... 576 Navies of Belligerents 360 Navies, Principal 575 Navies of Wor'd 578 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Navy. Additions to 403 Navy Department. U. S 249 Navy. Increase of 56 Navy League of U. S 216 Navy Pay Table 495 Navy Personnel Increase 406 Navy, Secretaries of 234 Navy. United States 489 Navy, U. S., Before War 580 Nebraska State Officers 301 Nebraska , Vote of 300 Necrology 323 Negro Expectation of Life... 149 Negro Outbreak, Houston 577 Negro Population 85 Negroes in Cities 90 Negroes in States 90 Netherlands. The 271 Nevada State Officers 301 Nevada. Vote of 301 Newberry Library 727 New Hampshire State Officers 301 New Hampshire, Vote of 301 New Jersey State Officers 302 New Jersey, Vote of 302 New Mexico State Officers.... 302 New Mexico, Vote of 302 New York, Popul'n Boroughs 104 New York State Officers 305 New York, Vote of 303 Newspaper Publishers' Assn. 358 Newspapers in U .- S 245 Niagara Trolley Accident 44 Nicaragua 273 Nicholas II. Deposed 508 Nicknames of States 138 Nobel Prize Winners 256 Nobles of Mystic Shrine 205 Noncontiguous Posses'ns,U.S. 274 Noon. Sidereal 27 Normal School Board, Illinois 654 Normal Schools in U. S 180 North Carolina, Vote of 305 No. Carolina State Officers.. 306 North Dakota State Officers.. 306 North Dakota, Vote of 306 Norway's Marine Losses 538 Norway 270 N. W. University Libraries.. 728 Norwegians in United States 96 Noted Dead 226 Noted Dead in War 362 Numerals, Roman, Arabic 139 Numismatic Society 217 Nurseries, Infant, in Chicago 713 o Oak Park Public Library... 728 Oat Crop by States 120 Oat Crop of World 117 Oat Crop by Years 118 Oat Prices, Chicago 776 Obituary 323 Obituary, Chicago 766 Oceans, Areas, Depths 140 Occupations in U. S 592 Odd Fellows, Order of 205 Officials, Chicago 671, 672 Officials, City, Salaries 677 Officials, Cook County ...660. 661 Officials, County, Salaries... 666 Officials, Government 248 Officials, Govt.. Chicago 664 Officials, Illinois 652, 653 Officials, Town 665 Oglesby Monument Com 655 Ohio State Officers 308 Ohio, Vote of 308 Oil Cake. Meal, Trade in... 125 Oil Inspector 677 Oilstones, Production 82 Oklahoma Mineral Output.. 83 Oklahoma State Officers 309 Oklahoma. Vote of 308 Old Business Houses 736 Old Residents, Chicago 760 Opera in Chicago 709 Ophthalmological Society 217 Orchestra, Symphony 709 Oregon State Officers 309 Oregon, Vote of 309 Oriental Society, Am 217 Osteopathic Ass'n, Am 217 Oxford-Cambridge Races 334 P Pacing Records 341 Packing, Chicago 739 Packing. Pork, Statistics.*.. 255 Palestine, Campaign in 516 Panama 273 Panama Canal 191 Panama Canal Zone 193, 275 Panama Railroad 193 Panama Wars on Austria.... 524 Panics, Theater 241 Parade, "First Call," Chi... 573 Paraguay 273 Parcel Post Rates 221 Parcel Post Tax 523 Park Advisers, Illinois 654 Parks, Chicago 703 Parks, National, in U. S 141 Parks, Small, Chicago 706 Party Lines in Congress 241 Party Platforms 244 Party Pluralities 235 Passenger, Ocean, Traffic 169 Passenger Stations, Chicago.. 696 Passport Regulations 33 Patent Office 251 Patent Office Statistics 159 Patents. Applications for 158 Patriotic Societies 210 Paupers in Almshouses ill Paupers in Illinois 651 Pay of Rulers 322 Paymaster's Bureau 673 Pea Crop of World 117 Peace Meeting Dispute 571 Peace Prize to Red Cross.... 514 Peace Propositions 363 Peaches, Production of 122 Pears, Production of 122 Pediatric Society 217 Penitentiaries in U. S 113 Pension Fund, Chicago 708 Pension Office 250 Pension Statistics, U. S 591 Pensions, Parents' 685 Pennsylvania State Officers.. 311 Pennsylvania, Vote of 310 People's Gas Finances 670 Peoria, Population 645 Pershing in France 543 Pershing Made General 544 Persia 272 Peru 273 Petroleum Production 82, 579 Pharmacy, Schools of 181 Philatelic, Ass'n, Metrop.... 218 Philatelic Ass'n, Southern... 218 Philatelic Society, Am 217 Philatelic Society, Nat'l 218 Philippine Islands 274 Philippine War Losses 586 Philippines. Army of.,-. 213 Philosophical Society, Am... 217 Phosphate Rock 82 Physical Society, Am 217 Physician. County 662 Physician*. Association of... 218 Pier, Municipal 68S Pier Recreation Law...., 612 Pig Iron Production 82 Pioneers, Chicago 760 Pioneers, Societies of 647 Planets. Brightest 32 Planets, Facts About 30 rianets. Positions of 26 Planets, Visibility 32 Platforms. Party 244 Platinum Production 82 Piatt National Park 141 Playground Association 219 Playgrounds, Chicago , 707 Pledges by Candidates........ 615 Plots. Chronology of 503 Plots. German, in America.. 496 Pluralities, Party 235 Poets Laureate of England.. 153 Poison Plot in Roumania 502 Police Chiefs, Chicago 718 Police in Cities 595 Police Department 676 Police Stations 716 Police, Work of 716 Political Associations, Chi... 712 Political Coin's. Cook Co.... 648 Political Committees, 111 648 Political Committees, Nat'l.. 242 Political Science Ass'n 217 Politics, Past, of States 232 Polo i 350 Poorhouse Inmates Ill Pope and Cardinals 194 Pope's Peace Appeal 372 Population by Age 93 Population of Am. Cities.,103, 104 Population, Center of 88 Population of Chicago 734 Population by Color 90 Population, Colored 85 Population by Continents.... 101 Population, Cook County 735 Population by Divisions 87 Population Estimates (1917). 85 Population, Foreign Born.... 94 Population, Growth, U. S.... 88 Population, 111., County 637 Population, 111., Sex., Etc... 638 Population by Language 99 Population, Marital Condit'n 94 Population, Median Lines.. 88, 89 Population Per Square Mile.. 102 Population by Race 90 Population, Rural 100 Population by Sex 91 Population Statistics, U. S.. 85 Population, U. S. Cen. Years 86 Population, Urban 100 Population by Voting Age.... 92 Population Warring Nations. 359 Population, White 85 Population of World 101 Pork Packing Statistics 255 Porto Rico 275 Porto Rico, Government of.. 49 Porto Rico, Population 100 Portugal 270 Portugal. Revolution in 577 Portuguese in United States 96 Ports, Distances Between.... 150 Ports, Principal 77 Postage Rates Increased 440 Postage Rates and Rules 220 Postal Prohibition Law 51 Postal Savings, Chicago 696 Postal Savings System, U. S. 64 Postal Statistics. Chicago.... 695 Postal Statistics of Nations.. 74 Postal Statistics. U. S 621 Postoffice Department, U. S. 249 Postmasters of Chicago 679 Postmaster-General 234 Postmasters Large Cities.... 209 Potash Production 149 Potato Crop, Shtg. World's 127 Potato Crop by States 121 Potato Crop of World 117 Potato Crop by Years 119 Potato Supply of U. S 128 Poultry Supply of U. S 128 Power Boat Racing .358 Precious Stones 82 Preparedness, Committee on. 215 Preparedness Fund Law 53 Preparedness Resolution, 111. 611 Presbyterian Church 196 President, Illinois Vote 646 President, Threats Against.. 53 President, Vote for (1916)... 277 Presidential Succession 160 Presidential Vote, Past 235 Presidents and Cabinets 233 10 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. President's Message (See Wilson) Presidents, Pay of 322, 627 Presidents, U. S., Where Buried 139 Press, Associated 358 Price Fixing Law 419, 420 Prices, Increase in 229 Prices, Pork, Lard 774 Prices, Retail, Wholesale.... 229 Primary Election, City 22 Primary Law, Illinois 701 Prison Barracks 532 Prison Bldg., Commission.... 655 Prisons, State, in U. S 113 Prisoners, War, Nat'l Ass'n 211 Prisoners in United States.. 113 Probate Court 663 Progress of Chicago 690 Progress, United States 588 Prohibition, Alaska 50 Prohibition, "Bone Dry".... 51 Prohibition Com., Cook Co.. 649 Prohibition National Com... 243 Prohibition, National, Vote.. 576 Prohibition Situation 585 Prohibition State Com 648 Property by States 582 Propositions, Vote on 623, 626 Prosecuting Attorney 673 Protective Associations 712 Public Administrator 662 Public Debt, United States.. 67 Public Domain 579 Public Efficiency Bureau 670 Public Health Ass'n, Am 217 Public Library, Chicago 726 Public Service Dept., City.. 674 Public Service, Supt., Co 661 Public Utilities Commission. 654 Public Utilities War Tax.... 434 Public Works Dept., City.... 675 Public Works Dept., Illinois. 599. 601, C54 Publishers' Association 358 Pugilism 339 Pullman Public Library 728 Pulse at Different Ages 139 Pumice Production 82 Punishment, Capital 579 Pyrite Production 82 Pythias, Knights of 205 Q Qualifications for Suffrage... 236 Quarries, Accidents in 84 Quarries and Mines 83 Quartz Production 82 Quicksilver Production S2 Quincy, 111., Population 645 R Race, Population by U. S.... 90 Race Riots in Chester. Pa... 147 Race Riots in E. St. Louis 1 .. 147 Racing, Horse 340 Ra cquets 354 Radium. Appearance of 110 Railroad Accidents, Statistics 586 Railroad 8-Hour Act Decision 42 Railroad 8-Hour Dispute 41 Railroad Stations, Chicago... 696 Railroad Statistics 589, 590 Railroad Train Speed 133 Railroad Tunnels, Longest... 132 Railroad Wrecks in 1917 322 Railroads, Electric 586 Railroads' of Nations 74 Railroads, World's 76 Rails, Steel, Production Ill Ready Reference Calendar 24 Real Estate Improvem't Law 619 Real Estate Transfers 6S5 Receipts, Chicago 752 Receipts, Government 66 Receipts, Lake 700 Reclamation Projects 239 Reclamation Service,,,,,,,,,, 251 Recorders, Illinois 655 Recorder's Office 661 Red Cross, Am., National... 218 Red Cross Fund 534 Red Cross Mission to Russia 527 Red Cross War Work 533 Red Men, Order of 205 Redfield. W. C, Portrait.... 247 Reform Bureau, Internat'l... 218 Registrar of Titles 661 Registration, Chicago 622 Registration and Draft, U. S. 484 Registration (Army) Law.... 399 Registration Law, 111.... 613, 614 Relations Broken with Ger. 381 Relief, War, Chicago 567 Religions of World 200 Religious Associations 194 Religious Education Ass'n... 199 Religious Statistics 200 Religious War Commissions.. 522 Repatriation of Citizens 459 Representatives, Illinois 658 Representatives, House of... 258 Republican Com., Cook Co... 648 Republican Nat'l Committee. 242 Republican State Com 648 Reserve Militia, 111., Law... 608 Residftits, Old, Chicago 760 Revenue, Internal. Receipts.. 183 Revenue Law (March 3, 1917) 53 Revenue, War, Act 428 Revenue, National 160 Review, Board of 662 Review of War 546 Revolution in Russia 508 Rhode Island State Officers.. 311 Rhode Island, Vote of 311 Rice Crop by States 122 Rice Crop of World 117 Rice. International Trade.... 125 Rifle Shooting 353 Riparian Rights, Lincoln Pk. 746 River Floods, Control of 51 Rivers and Harbor Bureau.. 674 Rivers, Longest 140 Road Aid. Fed., Illinois 607 Road, Rules of 743 Roads, Bonds for, Illinois... 603 Roads, Federal Funds for.... 178 Roads. Hard. Routes, 111 604 Rock Creek National Park... 141 Rockford. Population 645 Rocky Mountain Park 141 Rodin, Auguste, Death 619 Roller Skating 354 Roman Catholic Church 194 Roman Numerals 139 Roosevelt Volunteers 487 Root, Elihu. in Russia 512 Root Mission 527 Roque 358 Rosin, International Trade.. 125 Roumania 270 Roumania, Message to 563 Roumanian Mission 527 Roumanians in United States 96 Rowing 333 Rowing Records 335 Royal Arcanum 205 Royal Arch Masons 204 Royal League 206 Royal and Select Masters 204 Rubber. International Trade 125 Rules of Road...- 743 Rum Produced in U. S 144 Running, Long Distance 345 Running Records 341 Rural Population 100 Russia 270 Russia. Revolution in 508 Russian Calendar 16" Russian Front, Maps 548, 549 Russian Mission to U. S 527 Russians in United States... 96 Rye Crop by States 120 Rye Crop by Years 118 Rye Crop of World 117 Ryerson Library,,,.,,,,, 727 s Sabotage Campaign 502 Safety Council, National.... 218 Sage Foundation 575 Sailors' Pay 495 Sailors' Insurance Act.... 453, 461 St. George, Daughters of.... 207 St. George, Sons of 207 St. Ignatius Library 728 St. Louis Municipal Bridge.. 74 St. Pierre Disaster 182 Salaries City Employes 677 Salaries, County Employes... 666 Salaries, School 722 Saloons in Chicago 690 Salt Beds, Deep 203 Salt Production 82 Salvador 273 Salvation Army 200 Samoa 275 San Francisco, Plots in 502 San Francisco Earthquake... 182 Sanitary District 718 San Salvador Earthquake.... 108 Santo Domingo 274 Saturn. Planet 30 Sault Ste. Marie Canal 77 Savings Banks, U. S 62 School Age, Persons of 181 School Attendance 181 School Attendance, Chicago.. 733 School Census, Chicago 732 School Salaries 722 School Statistics. Chicago.... 725 School Statistics. U. S 180 School Supts., Illinois 637 Schools of Chicago 719 Schools, Industrial, Co 685 Schools, Medical, in Chicago 688 Schools, Supt., County 662 Science, Ass'n for Advance- ment 216 Sciences, Academy, Chicago. 718 Sciences, National Academy. 218 Scotch in United States 96 Scottish Rite Masons 204 Sea Areas. Defensive 550 Seaports, Distances Between 150 Seaports, Principal 77 Seas, Depth of 140 Seasons, The 15 Secret Societies 204 Secretaries of Agriculture... 234 Secretaries of Commerce 234 Secretaries of Interior 234 Secretaries of Labor 234 Secretaries of Navy 234 Secretaries of State 233 Secretaries of War 233 Security League, National 215 Senate, U. S., Members 257 Senatorial Dists., Cook Co... 641 Senatorial Dists., Ill 642, 643 Senators', State, 111 658 Senators, U. S., 111., List.... 635 Sequoia National Park 141 Serbia 270 Settlements. Social 714 Sewers, Bureau of 674 Sex, Population by 91 Shackleton Expedition 193 Sheep in United States 123 Sheep and Wool in U. S 123 Sheriffs of Cook Co....... 748 Sheriff's Office 662 Sheriffs, Vote for 647 Sherman Antitrust Law 152 Shiloh National Park 141 Ship Canals, Great 77 Ship Seizure Law 403 Shipbuilding, Geaeral 75 Shipbuilding, U. S 75 Shipbuilding, World's 578 Shipments, Chicago 7o2 Shipments. Lake 700 Shipping Board, U. S 530 Snipping Data , 78 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Shipping, Disasters to "6 Shipping Terms 79 Shipping, XL S., Statistics... 75 Ships of U. S. Navy 490 Ships, German. Renamed 531 Shipwrecks in 1917 321 Shoes, Women's. Height 576 Shooting 348 Shooting, Rifle 353 Short Ballot Organization.... 219 Siam 272 Sicily. Earthquake in 182 Silver, Bullion Value 61 Silver Coinage by Nations... 59 Silver Coinage of World 61 Silver Coins of U. S 69 Silver, Commercial Ratio.... 62 Silver Imports', Exports 166 Silver. London Price of 61 Silver Production S2 Silver Production, U. S 59 Silver Production, World's... o9 Silver, Stock of in U. S 61 Simple Interest Table 134 Sims, W. S., Sketch 489 Sirius, Great Sun 16 Skat 3o| Skating, Ice 3o3 Skating, Roller ^o4 Ski Jumping 3o4 Slate Production _>2 Small Parks, Chicago W Smelters, Accidents in 84 Smithsonian Institution 2ol Smoke Inspection Dept ... 616 Soapstone Production 82, u* Social Service Bureau 662 Social Work, Nat'l Confer- Socialist C/>m!.' Cook Co 649 Socialist Labor Party Com... 244 Socialist Nat'l Committee... 243 Socialist State Committee... 648 Societies. Fraternal 204 Societies, General 218 Societies. Learned, America. 216 Societies, Learned, 111 6o9 Societies. Patriotic 210 Societies. State, Chicago 710 Society of the Cincinnati.... 213 Sociological Soc, Am 217 Soldier's Equipment 17 Soldiers' Homes o7 Soldiers' Insurance Act... 453, 461 Soldiers' Mail 222 Soldiers' Pay Table 483 Soldiers' Votes 616 Sons of America. Order of... 206 Sons of Am. Revolution 213 Sons of the Revolution 214 Sons of Veterans 211 South Africa. Union of 267 South Carolina State Officers 311 South Carolina. Vote of 311 South Dakota State Officers. 312 South Dakota, Vote of 312 South Parks 703 South Water Street Plan 686 Sovereigns, Pay of 322 Spain 270 Spaniards in United States.. 96 Spanish-Am. War, Order 213 Spanish War Losses 585 Spanish War Veterans 212 Speakers of House 231 Specific Gravity Table 132 Speedway Records 356 Spirits Consumed, U. S 84 Spirits Produced in U. S 144 Spiritualists' Association 200 Sporting Records Begin 326 Spring Begins lr Sprinefield, Population -645 "Spurlos Versenkt" Cables.. 501 Stamp Taxes, War 437 Standard Time Table 34 Stars, Brightest 28 Stars. Number of 68 State Associations. Ill 620 State Department 248 State Mottoes 138 State Nicknames, Flowers... 137 State Prisons in U. S 113 State Properties 582 State, Secretaries of 233 State Societies, Chicago 710 State's Attorneys, 111 637 State's Attorneys, List 745 State's Attorney's Office 661 State's Attorneys, Vote 647 States. Debts of 596 States, Capitals, Etc 230 States, Facts About 231 States, Manufactures in 171 States. Money for Roads in.. 173 States, Political Record 232 States, Rank of, by Crops... 126 States, Valuation 597 Station, Union, Plan 708 Statistical Ass'n. Am 217 Statistics, Bureau of 675 Steamship Disasters. Great.. 223 Steamships, Great Ocean 76 Steel. Crude, Production 173 Steel Prices Cut 526 Steel Rails, Production of... Ill Steel. U. S., Net Earnings.. 155 Stock Raising Homesteads.. 53 Stock Savings Banks 62 Stockyards-, Union 702 Stone, Lithographic 79 Stone Production 82 Storms in 1917 321 Storms, Severe 36, 38 Strawberry Production 123 Street Grades 670 Street Number Guide 745 Street Railway Chronology.. 731 Street Railway Earnings 756 Streets, Bureau of... 674 Students, Foreign University 182 Students, University 174, 182 Submarine, Explosion on 574 Subm. Sunk by Destroyer... 542 Submarine War Record 537 Submarines, Money for 56 Succession, Presidential 160 Suez Canal 77 Suffrage, Equal, 111 776 Suffrage, Qualifications for.. 236 Suffrage, Woman 579 Suffrage. Woman. Ill 747 Sugar, Beet. Production 119 Sugar, Cane, Production 119 Sugar Crop of World 117 Sugar, International Trade.. 125 Sugar Production, Hawaii... 73 Sugar, Supply of U. S 128 Sully's Hill Park 141 Sulphuric Acid Made 81 Summer Begins 15 Sun. The 29, 30 Sun, Total Eclipse 30, 31 Supervising Engineers 674 Superior Court. Cook Co 663 Supplies. Dept. of 675 Supreme Court. Ill 653 Supreme Court. U. S 252 Surgeons, Am. College of 216 Surgeons, Orificial. Ass'n... 216 Surgical Ass'n, Am 217 Surveyor. County 662 Sweden 271 Swedenborgian Church 199 Swedes* in United States 96 Sweet Potato Crop 121 Swimming and Diving 352 Swine in United States 123 Swiss Neutrality 562 Swiss Neutrality and U. S.. 526 Swiss in United States 96 Switzerland 271 Symphony Orchestra 702 T Talc Production 82 Tariff Commission, U. S 587 Tariff Legislation : 190 Tariff Rates 166 Tax, Estate 54 Tax on Excess Profits' 54 Tax, Income, Collected 184 Tax Levy, State, Law 619 Tax. Parcel Post 523 Tax Rate, Illinois 630 Tax Rates. Chicago 620 Taxes, War 428 Taxicab Fares 650 Tea Consumed, U. S 84 Tea, International Trade.... 125 Teachers. Societies of 712 Telegraph Lines of Nations.. 74 Telegraph Statistics. U. S... 72 Telegraph Systems. U. S.... 72 Telegraphs. World's 76 Telephone Statistics, U. S... 73 Telescopes. Largest 155 Temperance, Board of 218 Tennessee State Officers 313 Tennessee, Vote of 312 Tennis 347 Terms of Officials 1 737 Texas State Officers 315 Texas, Vote of 313 Textbook, Uniform, Law.... 618 Theaters. Chicago 738 Theological Schools 181 Thermometers Compared 133 Threats Against President... 53 Time, Difference in 35 Time, Eras of 15 Time, Standards of 34 Time, Standards, Foreign.... 33 Time, Standard, Map..^ 35 Tin Production 82 Tires. Width Required 752 Titles. Abbreviations* of 139 Tobacco Crop by States 122 Tobacco Crop by Years 119 Tobacco Crop of World 117 Tobacco. International Trade 125 Tonnage in Foreign Trade.. 166 Tonnage of Great Ports 77 Tornadoes, West and South Town" Officers. ' Cook Co.'.' . . . .' 665 Tract Society, American.... 200 Trade Agreements 190 Trade Commission. Federal.. 5S5 Trade Dept.. Ill 599. 602 Trade, Lqke. Chicago 700 Trade-Marks, Registration... 159 Trading with Enemv Act 446 Train Speed 133 Transportation Committ- Transportation Preference... 425 Transports, U. S., Attacked 540 Trap Shooting 343 Treasurer, City 07:} Treasurer, County 661 Treasurers. County, 111 637 Treasurers of Chicago 74S Treasurers, 111., Vote 646 Treasury Di partment. U. S. 248 Treasury. Secretaries of 233 Tribe of Ben-Hur 207 Troops, Am., in France 543 Troops in U. S. Wars 584 Trolley Accident. Niagara... 44 Trotting Records 341 Tuberculosis P r e v e n tion Ass'n 218 Tungsten Deposit? 58 Tunis 272 Tunnels, Freight. Chicago... 723 Tunnels, Longest Railway... 132 Tunnels Under River 667 Tunnels, Water 780 Turkey 271 Turkey. Earthquake in 182 Turpentine. Internat'l Trade 125 Turks in United States ?6 u Union Station Plan 70* Union Stockyards 702 12 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Unitarian Church 198 United Confederate Veterans 212 United States. Area of 101 United States Coast Guard.. 80 United States Enters War... 377 United States Food Supply. 128 U. S. Military Academy ^681 U. S. Naval Academy ... 581 United States Population.... 85 United States, Progress 588 U. S. Steel Net Earnings.... 155 U. S. in Various Languages. 23 Universal Mil. Train. League 215 Universities, American 174 Universities, Foreign 182 University Trustees, Illinois. 653 Urban Population 100 Uruguay 273 Utah State Officers 316 Utah, Vote of 315 Utilities Commission, Illinos 654 V Valparaiso Earthquake 182 Valuation, Chicago 620 Valuation, Cook Co 620 Valuation, Illinois 630 Vehicle Stands 743 Venezuela 273 Venus, Planet 29 Vermont State Officers 316 VermoDt, Vote of 316 Vernal Equinox 27 Vessel Tonnage, World's 76 Vessels of Coast Guard 81 Vessels in Coastwise Trade.. 450 Vessels, Naval, Lost in War 361 Vessels. U. S., Statistics.... 75 Vesuvius', Eruption of 182 Veterinary Schools 181 Vice-Presidents, U. S 233 Vicksburg Commission 655 Virgin Islands, Gov't of 38 Virgin Islands, U. S 37 Virginia Library 728 Virginia State Officers 317 Virginia, Vote of 316 Viviani in Chicago 570 Visibility on Lakes 670 Vocational Education 47 Vocational Training Board... 579 Volunteers of America 200 Von Eckhardt Letter 501 Von Igel Plots 497 Vote, Popular. Illinois S46 Vote for President (1916).... 277 Vote, Presidential. Past 235 Voters, Registered, Chicago. 622 Voting, Absent, Law 613 Voting Age. Men of 92 Voting Qualifications 236 Voting by Soldiers 616 Voyages, Atlantic, Fast 99 w Wages. Table of ^..... 135 War Chronology, General 556 War Chronology, U. S 552 War Conference, Weekly 521 War Department. U. S 248 War Events in Chicago 569 War of 1812, Society of 214 War Funds, Soliciting 609 War Industrie* Board 521 War Messages of President.. 387. 463 War Revenue Act 427 War. Secretaries of 233 War Support Pledged, 111.... 611 War. The Great 359 Aerial Raids on Britain... 533 Agriculture, Stimulation of 427 Aircraft Board 519 Aircraft Board Law 425 Aircraft Production 336 | Alien Property Act 448 ; Alien Property Custodian 476, 488 Allies to Germany 363 Antilles Sunk 541 Appam Restored 551 Appeal Boards, Illinois.... 573 Appropriations, Army 403 Arcadien, Loss of 537 Argentina and Germany.... 501 Armed Neutrality 383 Arms for Merchant Ships.. 384 Army and Navy Strength. 488 Army Departments 478 Army Law, Emergency.... 397 Anay of the United States 477 Army Organization 480 Army Organization Camps. 4<8 Army, National 484 Army Pay Table 483 Army War Council 566 Austria and Submarine War 467 Austria Replies to Pope... 375 Austria. U. S. War on... 464. 466 Reasons for 464, 466 Aviation Service Law 423 Balfour, A., on Peace 369 Belgian Deportations 504 Belgian Mission in Chicago. 571 Bernstorff as Briber 501 Bernstorff Given Passports. 382 Bernstorff Memorandums... 379 Beverages, War Tax on... 431 Blockade Zones 380 Bolsheviki Peace Offer.... 376 Bolsheviki, Rise of 512 Bond (Liberty) Laws.. .400, 401 Bonds. Liberty 523 Britannic Sunk 538 Byng, Gen. Julian 548 Cabinet Changes 563 California, Loss of 537 Cambrai. Battle of 548 Camp Names. Source 480 Camps, Army 478 Canada. Plots Against 498 Cantonments, Nat'l Army. 479 Cassin in Battle 541 Casualties in War 360 Censorship Board 475 Chauncey, Loss of 542 Chicago and Draft 572 Chicago and World War... 569 Chicago War Bodies 567 Chicago's War Work 572 Chronology of Plots 503 Chronology. U. S., War.... 552 Chronology, War. General. 556 Commercial Economy Board 619 Conference. Allied. War... 525 Congress Declares War. 377, 390 Congress, War Work of... 396 Conscription Law 397 Cost of War 361 Council National Defense.. 518 Advisorv Commission 518 Council of Defense. 111.... 567 Cronholm Affair 501 Czar of Russia Deposed... 508 Declarations of War 359 Decorations for Sailors.... 543 Decorations for Soldiers... 545 Denman-Goethals Dispute.. r " Destroyer's Record Run.... 488 Destroyers, U. S.. in War Zone 53!) Danton Sunk 539 Dates of Big Battles 551 Draft in Chicago 572 Draft Proclamation 395 Drafted Men. Terms of.... 406 Eastern Front. Maps... 548, 549 Eddystone Disaster 502 Education Committee 520 Embargo Plot 502 Emergency Army Law 397 Engineering Committee 520 Enlistments. Foreign 415 Enlistments. Minority 403 Equipment. Soldier's 517 Espionage Law 409 Estate Tax. War 439 Excess Profits Advisers.... 488 Excess Profits. War. Tax.. 429 Excise Taxes. War 435 Exchanges, Regulation of.. 419 Expedition to France 543 Explosives Act 459 Exports Council 488 Exports Law 412 Filibuster Censured 385 Finances of Belligerents... 360 Finland Torpedoed 542 First Things in War 545 Flag Day Speech 470 Flags of Allies , 524 Food Administration 528 Food Conservation 529 Food Conservation Law.... 417 Food Purchase Board 529 France, Am. Troops in 543 French Front, Map 546 French Mission in Chicago. 571 Fuel Administration 529 General, Grade of. Revived 459 German Peace Offer 363 Germany Defies America.. 379 Germany Replies to Pope.. 375 Germany to Allies 368 Goethals-Denman Dispute.. 531 Grant, A. W.. Sketch 489 Greece, King Deposed 515 Home Guard Equipment... 415 Horn Dynamiting Case.... 502 Hospital Camp Bombed.... 544 Hospital Ships Torpedoed.. 537 Hospitals, Camp 480 Housatonic Sunk 537 Halifax Disaster 514 Hindenburg Retreat 547 Hydrographic Officers 403 Income Tax Amendments.. 441 Income Tax. War 428 Information. Com. on Pub- lic 550 Insignia, Military 486, 487 Insurance Bureau, War.... 488 Insurance. Ship, Reduced.. 563 Insurance, War, Act 453 Interallied War Conference 525 Intrigue, German, in U. S. 496 Illinois Regiments 568 Illinois War Bodies 567 Italian Front, Map 550 Italian Retreat 550 Jacob Jones. Loss of 642 Jerusalem Captured 516 Joffre in Chicago 570 July 4 in France 544 Justice, Dept., War Activ- ity 564 Killed in War 360 Labor Committee 520 Laconia Sunk 537 LaFollette Filibuster 385 Lands for Military Use.... 415 Laurentic. Loss of 537 Law, Bonar. to Wilson.... 372 League for Nat'l Unity.... 56". Liberty Loans of 1917 523 Libraries for Soldiers 574 Lieut. -Gen.. Grade 459 Liquor. Content. Limited.. 563 Lloyd George. Plot to Kill 526 Loans to Allies 523 Luxburg Affair 601 Mails. Censorship 666 Marine Corps Increase 406 Marine Corps. U. S .494 Marine War Insurance 41" Mayor Thompson Rebuked. 672 McAdoo on Cause of War.. 378 Medical Board. General..... 521 Men Under Arms 359 Merchant Fleet Sunk 538 Mesopotamia. Campaign in 51H Minority Enlistments 403 Missions. Foreign, to U. S. 527 Missions. War. American.. 527 Mongolia Sinks Submarine. 538 Munitions Boards 519 ALMANAC AND YEARBOOK FOR 1918. 18 Mutiny in German Navy... 539 National Army, The 484 National Guard Camps 478 Naval Battle Off Dove* 538 Naval Operations, General. 538 Naval Operations. U. S.... 539 Naval Training Stations... 494 Navies of Belligerents 360 Navy, Additions to % 493 Navy Pay Table 496 Navy Personnel Increase... 406 Navy Protects Transports. 540 Navy of United States 489 Noted Dead in War 362 Olficers' Training Camps.. 4<9 Panama Wars on Austria. 524 Parade, "First Call," Chi. 573 Peace Meeting Dispute.... j>71 Peace Propositions 363 "Peace Without Victory". 370 Pershing in France 543 Pershing Made General.... 544 Pershing's Staff 543 Plots, German, in America 496 Poison Plot. Roumania.... 502 Pope's Peace Appeal 372 Populat'n Warring Nations 359 Postage Rates Increased... 440 Price Fixing 419, 420 Prison Barracks 532 Public Utilities War Tax.. 434 Rank, Army and Navy. 486., 487 Red Cross Fund 534 Red Cross War Work 533 Registration and Draft.... 484 Registration Requirements. 399 Regulation of Exchanges.. 419 Reichstag on Peace 376 Reina Margherita Sunk.... 539 Relief. War, Chicago 567 Repatriation of Citizens... 459 Review of War 546 Revolution in Russia 508 Rocsevelt Volunteers 487 Roumania, Message to 563 Russia. Revolution in 508 Russian Front. Maps... 548, 549 Sabotage Campaign 502 Sailors' Insurance Act. 453, 461 Sailors' Pay 495 San Francisco. Plots in.... 502 Sea Areas, Defensive 550 Senate Filibuster 385 Senate Indorses Break 383 Sims. W..S.. Sketch 489 Ship Seizure Law 403 Shipping Board. U. S 530 Ships. German. Renamed.. 531 Ships of U. S.. Navy 490 Soldier's Equipment 517 Soldiers' Insur. Act.... 453, 461 Soldiers' Pay Table 4S3 "Spurlos Versenkt" Tele- gram 501 Stamp Taxes. War 437 Supplies. Committee on 520 Submarine War Record 536 Submarine War. Ruthless.. 379 Swiss Neutrality 562 Trading with Enemy Act.. 446 Transportation Committee. 520 Transportation Preference. 425 Transports. U. S.. Attacked 540 Treasury Dept. Building... 459 Troops, Am., in France... 543 Taxes. War 428 Tsukuba Sunk 5:i9 United States in War 377 Reasons for 378 r. s. to Neutrals 382 Vessels. Naval. Lost 361 Vimy Ridge Taken 547 Viviani in Chicago 570 Von Eekhardt Letter 501 Von Igel Plots 497 War Appropriations 403 War Conference. Weekly.. War Chronology. General.. War Chronology. U. S...*.. War Events in Chicago War Industries Board War Messages 387, War Organizations. Civil.. War Proclamation War Resolution. Congress. War Revenue Act War Review War Trade Beard War Trade Council Wa,r Vote in Congress War W r ork of Congress Warning to Traitors Wars, Cost of Warships Lost Warships. United States.. Waterways Committee Western Front, Map Wien Sunk Women War Work Leaders Y. M. C. A. War Work... Zeppelin Raids Zimmermann Plot War Trade Board Order War Trade Council Ward Boundaries 698, Wards and Aldermen, Chi... Wars, Cost of Wars, Recent, Chronology.... Warship Tonnage Warships, Cost, Maintaining Warships, Lost in War Warships, United States Washington State Officers.... Washington, Vote of Water, Bureau of W 7 ater Used in Chicago Water Rates, Chicago Water Resource Advisers, 111. Waterfalls, Famous Waterway Act Decision Waterways Commission Law. Waterways Committee Waterworks, Chicago Wealth, National. U. S Wealth of Nations Wealth, U. S., Classification. Wealth, U. S., by Divisions. Weather, Chicago Weather Forecasts Weather (Climate), U. S.... Webb-Kenyon Liquor Law.... Wedding Anniversaries Weights of Adults, Normal.. Weights, Bushel Weights of Children Weights, Department of Weights, Illinois Weights and Measures Weights Per Cubic Foot Welfare Dent.. 111.... 599, 602. Welsh in United States West Chicago Parks West Indies, Danish, Bought West Point West Virginia State Officers. West Virgnia, Vote of Whaleback. Accident to Wheat Crop by States Wheat Crop by Years Wheat Crop of World W'heat Harvest Calendar Wheat, International Trade.. Wheat Prices, Chicago Whisky Produced in U. S.... Widtli of Chicago Wilson Inauguration Wilson, President, Portrait.. Wilson Notes and Six Peace Note (Dec. 18 1916). Replies to 364. 366, Senate Upholds^ Balfour. A., Replies 217 369 For World Peace League.. 370 Peace Without Victory" 371 Bonar Law to Wilson 372 Replies to Pope's Peace Plea 374 Tells Congress of Break with Germany 381 Senate Indorses Break... JJ83 Armed Neutrality Speech.. ^83 Censures Senate Filibuster 385 Orders Arming of Ships... 386 Calls P:xtra Session .387 Asks for War Declaration. 387 War Proclamation 391 Appeal to Country......... 392 Warning to Traitors 394 Plea for Military Draft... 394 Draft Proclamation 395 Message to Congress (Dec. 4) 463 For War on Austria 464 Flag Day Address 470 To Anierican Labor 472 Message to Russia 512 Message to Roumania 563 Wilson. W. B-, Portrait 247 Wind-Barometer. Lake 689 Wind Cave Park 141 Wines Consumed. U. S 84 Winter Begins 15 Wireless Reeord 627 Wireless Telegraph Systems.. 72 Wisconsin Mineral Output.... 83 Wisconsin State Officers 320 Wisconsin. Vote of 319 Woman Suffrage 579 Woman Workers, Marital Condition 151 Woman's Relief Corps 211 W. C. T. U. t Cook Co 621 W. C. T. U., National 219 Women's Clubs. Gen. Fed.... 218 Women's- Defense Work Com. 519 Woiuon, National Council of 218 Women of Voting Age 93 Women War Work Leaders... 566 Wood Pulp, Internafl Trade 125 Woodmen, Modern, of Am... 203 Woodmen of the World 205 Wool, International Trade... 126 Workers. Gainful 592 Workmen, Ancient Order 207 Workmen's Compensat'n Com. 245 World Family. Story of 29 World, Fastest Trips; Aroand 137 World, Money of 60 World, Population f 101 W T orld's Coinage 61 World's Crop by Years 118 World's) Ships, Railways, Etc. 76 Wreck of Cruiser Milwaukee 154 Wrecks, Railroad, in 1917.... 322 Wrecks, Steamship, Great... 223 Wrecks. Vessel, in 1917 321 Wrestling 358 Wyoming State Officers 320 Wyoming, Vote of v 320 Y Yachting 346 Yale-riarvard Races 335 Yellowstone Park 141 Yoser.iite National Park 141 Y. M. C. A 199 Y. M. C. A. Wa r Work 535 Young People's Chr. Union.. 199 z Zeppelin, Death of 574 Zeppelin Raids 533 Zinc Production 82 Zodiac. Sign* of...'. 32 Zoological Gardens 579 Zoological Park. Washington 141 Zoologists. American Soc 217 INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Albaugh-Dover Co 751 American Steel Foundries. 761 Arnold Company, The 699 Baker, Alfred L.. & Co.... 749 Bank: Des Plaines State 747 Banking: George H. Burr & Co 747 Banking: The Corn Exchange National Bank Inside Back Cover Banking: Central Trust Company of Illi- nois Inside Back Fly Leaf Banking: The Merchants Loan and Trust Co Outside Back Cover Barnhart Brothers & Spindler 777 Bsseball Park: Oomiskey 771 Becker, A. G., & Co 749 Belting: Fenskolt & Fechner 755 Bingham's Son, Sam'l, Mfg. Co 765 Blatchford, E. W., Co 773 Burr, George H., & Co 747 Castings: The National Malleable Castings Company 751 Castings, light gray: Western Foundry, The 757 Castings, steel: American Steel Foundries.. 761 Central Trust Company of Illinois Inside Back Fly Leaf Chicago Elevated Railroads 767. 768 Chicago, North Shore & Milwaukee R. R.... 769 Child*, S. D., & Company 755 Coal: Waller Coal Company 763 Comiskey Baseball Park 771 Commercial Paper: A. G. Becker & Co 749 Commonwealth Edison Co 763 Corn Exchange National Bank.. Inside Back Cover Cusack, Thos., Company Back Fly Leaf Des Plaines State Bank 747 Eckhart, B. A., Milling Co 753 Eclipse Printing. Company 757 Electrical Supplies: Commonwealth Edison Company 763 Elevated Railroads, Chicago 767, 768 Elmos, Charles F., Engineering Works 761 Engineering: Chas. F. Dimes 761 Engraving: S. D. Childs & Co 755 Fensholt & Fechner 755 Foundry: The Western Foundry Co 757 Gear Cutters: Albaugh-Dover Co 751 Grain Merchants: J. Rosenbaum Grain Co.. 763 Heating: Phillips-Getschow Co 751 Illinois Life Insurance Co.Outside Front Fly Leaf Insurance: Illinois Life Insurance Company ...Outside Front Fly Leaf Insurance: Marsh & McLennan .Inside Front Cover Lussky, White & Coolidge, Inc 753 Marsh & McLennan Inside Front Cover Marshall-Jackson Company 800 Merchandise, General: Samuel Phillipson & Co 777 Merchants Loan and Trust Company Outside Back Cover Metals, Stereotype, Etc.: E. W. Blatchford Company 773 Milling: B. A. Eckhart Milling Co 753 Milwaukee Electric R. R 769 National Malleable Castings Company 751 Oliver Typewriting Company. Opposite Title Page Phillips-Getschow Co 751 Printers' Rollers: Sam'l Bingham's Son Mfg. Co 765 Printing: Eclipse Printing Co 757 Printing: Regan Printing House 755 Trinting: S. D. Childs & Co 755 Publicity: Thos. Cusack Co Back Fly Leaf Regan Printing House 755 Registering of Titles: Torrens System, Etc 758. 759 Rosenbaum, J., Grain Co 763 Russell, Brewster & Co 749 Samuel Phillipson & Co 777 Sharp & Smith . 775 Stationery and Printing: Marshall-Jackson Company 800 Stocks and Bonds: Russell, Brewster & Co. 749 Stocks, Bonds, Grain: Alfred L. Baker & Co. 749 Surgical Instruments: Sharp & Smith 775 Swinehart Tire & Rubber Co 775 Tires and Rubber: Swinehart Tire & Rub- ber Co ' 775 Torrens System 758, 759 Tractors: Albaugh-Dover Co 751 Type: Barnhart Brothers & Spindler 777 Typewriters: The Oliver Typewriter Com- pany Opposite Title Page Upholstery, Draperies, Etc.: Lussky, White & Coolidge, Inc 753 Waller Coal Co ..763 Western Foundry Company, The 757 14 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918 Astronomical calculations prepared All the calculations in this Almanac and Year- Book are based upon mean or clock time unless otherwise stated. The sun's rising and sotting are for the upper limb, corrected for parallax and refraction. In the case of the moon no cor- rection is needed, as in the sun, for "parallax and refraction"; with her they are of an oppo- by Berlin H. vTright, DeLand, Fla. site nature and just balance each other. The figures given, therefore, are for the moon's cen- ter on a true horizon such as the ocean affords. The calculations in each of the geographical divisions of each calendar page will apply with sufficient accuracy to all places in contiguous zones indicated by the heading of the divisions. BEGINNING AND LENGTH OF SEASONS. Sun enters: Constel- Sign.Long. lation. Date. -5 270 * Dec. 22. T X Mar. 21. 90 3 n June 22, - 180 W Sept. 23. 270 Eastern time. 4:46 a. m. 5-26 a. m. 1:00 'a. m. 3:46 p. m. Dec. 22.. 10:42 a. m. Central time. 3:46 a. m. 4:26 a. m. 0:00 a. m. 2:46 p. m. 9:42 a. m. D. H. M. 1917 Winter begins and lasts 89 40 1918 Spring begins and lasts 92 19 34 1918 Summer begins and lasts 93 14 36 1918 Autumn begins and lasts 89 18 56 1918 Winter begins. Tropical year 365 5 46 ERAS OF TIME. The Gregorian year 1918 corresponds to the following eras: The latter part of the 142d and the beginning of the 143d year of the independence of tne United States. The vear 1336-37 of the Mohammedan era ; the year 1337 begins Oct. 6. The year 4615 nearly of the Chinese era, be- ginning now, Jan. 1. The year 2230 of the Grecian era. The year 5678-79 of the Jewish era ; the year 5679 begins at BUDset Sept. 6. The year 7426-.7 of the Byzantine era. The vear 257S of the Japanese era. The year 6631 of the Julian period, and Jan. 1 is the 2,421,595th day since the beginning of the Julian period. The year 8027 of the G-reek church, beginning Jan. 14. CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES. Dominical or Sunday letter F Epact of moon's age, Jan. 1 17 Lunar cycle or golden number 19 Solar cycle 23 Roman indiction 1 Dionysian period 247 Jewish lunar cycle 16 Julian period 6631 CHURCH CALENDAR FOR 1918. Jan. 1 New Year's day (Cir- cumcision) . Jan. 6 Epiphany (12th day). Jan. 14 Greek Church New Year's day. Jan. 25 Conversion of St. Paul. Jan. 27 Septuagesima Sunday. ' Feb. 2 Purification B. V. M. Feb. 3 Sexagesima Sunday. Feb. 10 Quinquagesima Sunday. Feb. 12 Shrove Tuesday. Feb. 13 Ash Wednesday (Lent begins). Feb. 17 Quadragesima Sunday. March 10 Mid-Lent Sunday. March 17 St. Patrick's day. March 24 Palm Sunday. March 25 Annunciation (Lady day). March 29 Good Friday. March 31 Easter Sunday. April 7 Low Sunday. April 23 St. George. April 25 St. Mark. May 1 Philip and Janus. May 5 Rogation Sunday. May 9 Ascension (Holy Thurs- day). May 19 Pentecost (Whitsunday) . May 26 Trinity Sunday. May 30 Corpus Christi. June 11 St. Barnabas. June 24 Nativity of John the Baptist. June 29 Peter and Paul. July 15 St. Swithin's day. July 22 Mary Magdalen. July 25 St. James. Aug. 6 Transfiguration. Aug. 7 Name of Jesus. Aug. 15 Feast of Assumption B. V. M. Aug. 24 St. Bartholomew. Aug. 29 St. John the Baptist. Sept. 7 Jewish New Year's day. Sept. 8 Nativity of Mary. Sept. 14 Exaltation of Holy Cross. Sept. 21-St. Matthew. Sept. 29 Michaelmas. Oct. IS St. Luke. Oct. 28 Simon and Jude. Oct. 31 Halloween. Nov. 1 All Saints' day. Nov. 2 All Souls' day. Nov. 25 St. Catherine. Nov. 2S Thanksgiving day. Nov. 30 St. Andrew. Dec. 1 First Sunday in Advent. Dec. 8 Conception B. Y. M. Dec. 25 Christmas. Dec. 26 St. Stephen. Dec. 27 St. John the Evangelist. Dec. 28 Holy Innocents. Wednesday, Friday and Saturday 1st Sunday Pentecost.. . Sept. 14 Dec. 13 EMBER DAYS. Lent ..Feb. 20, 22 and 23 ..May 22, 24 and 25 .Sept. 18, 20 and 21 ..Dec. 18. 20 and 21 16 ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK JEWISH OR The year 5678 ] , Month ^ Tear. No. Name. Day. 5678.. .. 5..Sh'vat L. 5678.. .. 6..Adar 1.. 5678.. .. 6..Adar 13.. 5678.. .. 6..Adar 14-15.. 5678.. .. 7. .Nissan 1.. 5678.. .. 8..Iyar 1.. 5678.. .. 8..Iyar 18.. 5678.. . 8..Iyar IS.. 5678.. . 9.. Si van 1 5678.. . 9..Sivan 6.. 5678.. .10..Tammuz l.#. 5678.. .10..Tammuz 17.. 5678.. .11. .Av L. 5678.. .11. .Av 9.. 5678.. .12..Ellul 1..] 5679.. . L.Tishri 1..3 5679.. . L.Tishri 3.J 5679.. . L.Tishri 10./ 5679.. . L.Tishri 15..] 5679.. . L.Tishri 21..] 5679.. . L.Tishri 22. .1 5679.. . L.Tishri 23..! 5679.. . 2..Chesvan l.J 5679.. . 3..Kislev L. 5679.. . 3..Kislev 25..] 5679.. . L.Tebet l.J 5679.. . 4..Tebet 10..: 5679.. . 5..Sh'vat l.J HEBREW CALENDAR, YEAR 5S78-79 A. M. is the 16th year of the 299th cycle of 19 years. Fast or festival. Gregorian date. Rosh-Chodesh Monday. Jan. 14, Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday- Wednesday, Feb. 12-13, Fast of Esther Monday. Feb. 25, Purim Tuesday-Wednesday, Feb. 26-27, Rosh-Chodesh Thursday, March 14, Rosh-Chodesh Friday-Saturday, April 12-13, Lag B'Omer Tuesday, April 30, 33d day of Oiner Tuesday, April 30, Rosh-Chodesh Sunday, May 12, 1st day of Pentecost Friday, May 17, Rosh-Chodesh Monday-Tuesday, June 10-11, Fast of Tammuz Thursday, June 27, Rosh-Chedesh Wednesday, July 10, Fast of Av Thursday, July 18, Rosh-Chodesh Thursday-Friday, Aug. 8-9, 1st day of New Year Saturday, Sept. 7, Fast of Gedaliah Monday. Sept. 9, Yom-Kippoor Monday, Sept. 16, 1st day of Tabernacles Saturday, Sept. 21, Hoshannah-Rabbah Friday, Sept. 27, Sh'mini Atseres Saturday, Sept. 28, Simchas-Torah Sunday, Sept. 29, Rosh-Chodesh Sunday-Monday, Oct. 6-7, Rosh-Chodesh Tuesday, Nov. 5, 1st day of Chanukah Friday, JJov. 29, Rosh-Chodesh Wednesday, Dr>c. 4, Fast of Tebet Friday. D. M 25 12 7 32 9 58 7 27 4 49 5 16 716 4 59 5 10 7 36 4 38 5 34 11 355 11 Friday * * 8 12 7 57 10 55 7 27 4 49 612 716 ft 1 6 7 17 36 4 39 6 29 IS 354 12 Saturday. - " 23 12 8 20 1154 7 27 4 50 7 1 715 5 2 6 56 4 40 717 u 353 13 SUNDAY - 7 12 8 43 ev.52 7 27 4 51 sets 7 15 5 3 7 36 4 41 sets 14 352 14 Monday .. " 22 12 9 6 147 7 27 4 52 7 24 7 15 ft 4 7 27 7 35 4 42 718 15 351 15 Tuesday. . X - 7 12 9 28 2 40 7 27 4 54 8 38 715 ft ft 8 39 7 34 4 44 8 26 M 350 10 Wednes.. " * 21 12 9 49 3 31 7 26 455 9 51 714 ft 6 9 51 7 34 4 46 9 53 17 349 17 Thursday TH 6 12 10 9 4 22 7 25 4 56 11 3 714 5 7 11 2 7 33 4 47 11 8 18 1348 18 Friday.... " " 20 12 10 29 5 13 7 24 4 58 morn 713 ft A morn 7 32 4 48 morn 19 i347 19 Saturday. V T 4 12 10 48 6 5 7 23 4 59 15 713 ft 9 12 7 31 4 49 24 20 346 20 SUNDAY N M lg 12 11 6 6 59 7 22 5 124 712 ft 10 120 7 30 4 50 136 21 !345 '.'1 Monday.. X V 1 12 11 23 7 54 7 22 5 1 2 32 7 12 5 12 2 27 7 29 4 52 2 48 22 344 22 Tuesday . " " 14 12 11 40 8 49 7 21 5 2 3 38 711 ft 13 3 32 7 29 4 54 3 55 23 1343 23 Wednes.. .. .. 27 12 11 56 9 44 7 20 ft a 4 35 711 514 4 29 7 28 4 55 4 52 24 1342 24 Thurbday 10 12 12 11 10 37 7 20 ft 4 5 28 710 5 1ft 5 22 7 27 4 56 5 45 25 |341 25 Friday " ' 22 12 12 25 1127 7 19 5 5 6 6 7 10 5 16 6 1 7 26 4 57 6 22, 26 1340 26 Saturday. SUNDAY 5 12 12 38 morn 7 19 ft rises 7 9 5 16 rises 7 25 4 58 27 |339 27 " 1? 12 12 51 14 7 18 ft 7 6 1 7 9 ft 17 6 3 7 24 4 59 5 53 28 338 2S Monday.. " M 29 12 13 3 58 717 ft 8 6 59 7 8 5 18 7 1 7 24 ft 1 6 54 29 337 29 Tuesday . TIP It 12 13 14 140 7 16 5 9 7 59 7 8 5 19 8 7 23 ft 3 7 58 30 336 3( Wednes. . " 23 12 13 24 2 21 715 ft 11 8 56 7 7 5 20 8S5 7 23 5 5 8 57 81 335 31 Thursday ^ up 5 12 13 33 3 1 7 15 5 12 9 54 7 6 5 21 9 53 17 22 5 6 9 58 I SE&-iJ& 2iKo ^ FEBRUARY, 1918.28 D a ys . 1$&SS: 4 i .\ew York, Chicago, st. Louis. S. Mo., | St. Paul, Mich., MOON'S Iowa, Neb., Wyo., Ore., N.Mo.. Ohio, S. 111., Ind., Kas., [Wis., Minn..N.D H M z PLACE MOON JN ME- RID- Okla., Col., Utah S. D Mont., N. tH N c DAY 7 P. M. Noon Pa , N. J., Mass., Conn., R. I. Cal., Ky., Va., Md., Del. Idaho, Wash., N. fa 2 OF WEEK. E. S. T. MARK. N. Y Vt.. N. H. O Moon rises Sun Moon j Moon * IAN. Sun Sun Sun rises Sun Sun rises < < Sign. Con. Deg. Mean rises. sets. and rises. sets. and arises. sets. and P a Q Time. Morn. sets. sets. 1 sets. H. M. 8. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. !H. M. H. M. H. M. 82 334 1 Friday.... * TTJP17 12 13 42 3 42 714 5 13 10 53 7 5 5 22 10 50 721 ft 7 11 S3 333 2 Saturday. SUNDAY " " 29 12 18 49 4 24 712 5 14 1154 7 4 5 23 1150 7 20 ft 8 morn 33" 3 tr t * 11 12 13 57 5 9 711 ft 15 morn 7 3 5 25 morn 7 19 6 10 331 4 Monday.. " 23 12 14 3 5 56 710 fi17 56 7 2 5 26 51 717 5 11 1 9 M 330 ft Tuesday.. * m A 12 14 10 6 47 7 9 519 lc8 7 1 5 27 152 710 ft 12 213 37 3"9 6 Wednes.. M .. jg 12 14 13 7 40 7 8 5 20 5 21 2 58 7 5 28 2 52 7 15 5 14 316 38 3'> 7 Thursday * * 2 12 14 16 8 37 7 6 3 57 6 59 5 29 3 51 7 13 5 15 4 14 39 3"7 R Friday.. . Saturday. SUNDAY U I. Jg 12 14 19 9 35 7 5 5 23 4 47 6 58 5 30 4 42 712 5 16 5 3 40 ;i-v. 9 - * 1 12 14 22 10 33 7 4 5 24 5 33 6 57 5 32 5 29 710 5 18 5 47 41 A"', 10 " " 16 12 14 23 1130 7 3 5 25 6 13 6 50 5 33 6 10 17 9 5 20 6 24 42 3<>4 11 Monday .. K - A 12 14 24 ey 26 119 7 2 5 26 sets 6 55 6 34 sets 7 7 5 22 sets 43 :;:-; 12 Tuesday . " " 16 12 14 24 7 1 5 27 7 29 6 54 5 35 7 29 7 5 5 23 7 28 44 !322 13 Wednes. . T X 1 12 14 23 2 13 7 5 88 8 44 6 53 5 36 8 43 7 4 5 24 8 47 45 J321 14 Thursday ,. .4 16 12 14 21 3 6 6 59 5 30 9 56 6 5! 5 38 9 54 7 S 5 26 10 3 46 320 15 Friday " " 30 12 14 19 3 59 6 58 5 32 11 11 6 50 5 39 11 8 7 2 5 27 1122 47 319 16 Saturday. SUNDAY V T 14 12 14 16 4 54 6 56 5 33 morn 6 49 5 40 morn 7 1 5 29 morn 4H 31* 17 " " 28 12 14 12 5 50 6 54 5 34 23 6 4S ft 41 18 6 59 5 31 37 49 317 1* Monday.. H V 11 12 14 7 6 45 6 52 5 36 130 40 5 42 124 6 57 5 32 146. 50 316 19 Tuesday.. " 24 12 14 2 7 40 6 50 5 38 2 29 6 45 5 44 2 23 6 55 5 34 2 47 51 3 1 5 20 Wednes.. @ K 7 12 13 56 8 33 6 49 5 39 3 23 6 44 5 45 317 6 54 5 35 3 40 52 3 21 Thursday " " 19 12 13 49 9 23 6 47 5 40 4 10 6 43 6 46 4 4 6 52 6 36 4 25 53 313 22 Friday ... a 2 12 13 42 10 11 6 46 5 41 4 48 6 41 5 47 4 44 6 50 5 38 5 2 54 3 1 V 23 Saturday. SUNDAY ' " 14 12 13 34 10 55 45 5 43 5 22 6 40 5 48 5 18 6 4S 5 39 5 32 55 311 "4 " " 26 12 13 25 1138 6 44 5 44 5 48 6 39 5 49 5 46 6 47 5 40 556 56 310 25 Monday.. np a 8 12 13 16 morn 6 43 5 45 rises 6 38 5 50 rises 6 46 5 42 rises 57 <;' 26 Tuesday.. M 20 12 13 6 19 641 5 46 6 49 6 36 5 51 6 48 6 44 5 43 6 49 58 HOW 27 Wednes . . * up 1 12 12 56 1 6 39 5 47 7 47 6 35 6 51 7 46 6 43 5 44 j 7 50 69 307 28 Thursday ' ' 13 12 12 45 141 1 6 38 5 48 8 44 6 34 5 52 8 41 6 41 5 46 8 SO 1 ' .1 18 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Last Quar., 5th. New Moon, 12th. SdMoath. MARCH, 1918. 31 Days. First Quar., 19th. Full Moon. 27th. * - , J ~ NewYork, Chicago, St. Louis. S. Mo.. St. Paul, Mich., < 3 H Moon's Place 7 P.M. E. S. T. Iowa, Neb., Wvo., S. 111., Ind., Kas.. Wis.. Minn. .N.D.. 8 h g 1 DAT OP WEEK. Sun at Noon Mare. MOON IN ME- RID- IAN. Ore., N.Mo., Ohio, Pa., N. J., Mass., Conn., R. I. Okla., Col., Utah, Cal.. Ky., Va., Md., Del. S. D., Mont., N. Idaho, Wash., N. N.Y..Vt..N. H. O Sun 1 Sun Moon rises Sun Sun Moon rises Sun Sun Moon t rises O < *i Si 1 Mean rises, i sets. and rises. sets. and rises. sets. and (4 P Time. Morn. H. M. sets. sets. sets. H. M. B. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. 60 306 l Friday . . . -TIF 2b 12 12 33 2 22 6 36 5 50 945 6 32 5 54 9 42 6 39 5 48 9 54 61 30b 2 Saturday m = 7 12 12 21 3 6 6 35 5 51 10 45 6 31 5 55 10 41 6 38 5 49 10 57 62 3041 3 SUNDAY " " 19 12 12 9 3 51 6 34 5 53 11 46 6 30 5 56 1141 6 36 5 50 morn 63 303 4 Mondav.. / m 2 12 11 56 4 40 6 32 5 54 morn 6 28 5 57 morn 6 34 5 52 1 * 302 b Tuesday.. " " 14 12 11 43 5 31 6 30 5 56 46 6 26 5 58 40 6 32 5 63 1 3 6b 301 6 Wednes... M H 2? 12 11 29 6 25 H2H 5 57 143 6 24 5 69 137 6 30 5 55 2 1 66 300 7 Thursday *11 12 11 15 7 20 6 26 5 58 2 36 6 23 6 2 30 6 28 5 66 2 52 67 299 8 Friday ... " ' 24 12 11 816 6 24 5 59 3 22 6 21 6 1 3 17 6 27 5 67 3 36 68 his .; Saturday. SUNDAY - 9 12 10 45 912 6 22 6 4 5 6 19 2 4 1 6 25 5 58 4 17 69 297 " " 24 12 10 30 10 8 6 20 6 1 4 42 6 18 6 8 4 39 6 23 6 4 51 YO >W n Monday... K - 9 12 10 15 11 2 61H 6 3 5 12 6 17 6 4 5 11 6 21 6 2 6 17 71 '95 i" Tuesday.. h m 24 12 9 59 1156 617 6 4 5 46 616 6 5 5 46 619 6 8 5 47 72 2! '4 18 Wednes.. T X 9 12 9 42 ev.50 6 15 6 6 sets 6 14 6 6 sets 617 6 4 sets V3 :.;;-; 14 Thursday " ' 2b 12 9 26 146 613 6 7 8 49 6 13 6 7 8 47 615 6 5 R58 10 16 V4 29" 15 Friday ... V T 9 12 9 9 2 42 611 7 10 3 6 12 7 9 59 613 6 6 Vb 291 16 Saturday. SUNDAY " " 24 12 8 52 3 40 6 10 6 8 1115 610 6 8 1110 611 R 7 1130 7 290 17 H W 6 12 8 35 4 37 6 9 6 9 morn 6 8 6 morn 6 9 6 R morn 71 '-> lM Monday.. " " 21 12 8 17 5 37 6 7 610 20 6 6 610 14 6 7 6 9 36 78 2*X 19 Tuesday.. @ H 4 12 6 6 29 6 5 611 117 6 4 611 111 6 6 610 134 79 2x7 20 Wednes.. M tt 16 12 7 42 7 20 6 4 612 2 8 6 3 6 12 2 3 6 8 611 2 22 80 >SH 21 Thursday " 29 12 7 24 8 9 6 2 6 13 2 49 6 2 6 13 2 44 6 1 6 13 3 2 Kl .'X5 22 Friday.... r 11 12 7 6 8 54 6 614 3 24 6 1 614 3 20 6 6 15 3 35 82 2*4 23 Saturday " " 23 12 6 48 9 37 5 58 6 15 3 53 6 O 6 15 350 5 58 616 4 1 83 283 24pUNDAY m> q 5 12 6 29 10 19 5 56 616 4 20 5 59 6 16 4 18 5 56 R17 4 25" 84 .S> 2b Monday .. " " 17 12 6 11 10 59 5 54 617 4 45 5 57 617 4 44 5 55 619 4 43 8b .>! 26 Tuesday.. " ' 28 12 5 53 1140 5 53 619 5 9 5 55 618 5 9 5 52 6 20 5 8 86 -Ntl 27 IWednes . . *TP 10 12 5 34 morn 5 52 6 20 rises 5 52 6 19 rises 5 50 6 21 rises 87 279 28 Thursday " * 22 12 5 16 21 5 51 6 21 7 37 5 50 6 20 7 34 5 48 6 22 7 45 88 278 29 Friday.... TTl 4 12 4 57 1 4 5 50 6 22 8 37 5 49 6 21 8 33 5 46 6 24 R48 89 277 30 Saturday. " - 16 12 4 39 149 5 48 6 24 9 39 5 48 6-22 9 34 5 44 6 2fi 9 52 90 276131 SUNDAY " 29 12 4 20 2 37 5 46 6 25 10 39 5 46 6 23 10 34 5 43 6 27 10 55 I &Sfeio& * thMonth - APRIL, 1918. 30 Days. $ First Quar., 17th. Full Moon, 26th. i H '> 244 2 Thursday " -30 1 1 56 56 4 56 4 55 6 69 morn 5 1 6 52 morn 4 48 7 6 11 ]>,; "43 8 Friday. .. - *14 1 1 56 49 5 48 4 54 7 36 5 6 53 32 4 46 7 7 47 124 ,,;., 4 iSaturday " "28 11 56 43 6 39 4 53 7 2 1 8 4 59 6 54 1 5 4 44 7 8 115 125 241 5 SUNDAY K -12 1 1 56 37 7 30 4 52 7 3 140 4 58 6 55 139 4 43 710 144 126 '40 6 Monday .. .. M27 1 1 56 32 8 21 4 50 7 4 2 10 4 57 6 56 2 9 4 42 711 210 127 "39 7 Tuesday . T Kll 11 56 27 913 4 49 7 5 2 42 4 56 6 57 2 43 4 40 712 2 39 IVS >38 8 Wednes.. " "26 1 1 56 23 10 7 4 48 7 6 3 14 4 55 6 58 3 17 4 39 7 13 3 7 129 "37 9 Thursday V Til 11 56 20 11 4 4 46 7 7 3 52 4 54 6 59 3 56 4 38 714 3 41 \y.n "3(1 10 Friday.... " "26 11 56 17 ev. 3 4 45 7 8 sets 4 53 7 sets 4 37 716 sets 131 "35 11 Saturday K 10 11 56 15 1 3 4 44 7 9 8 44 4 52 7 8 38 4 36 717 9 1 132 234 19! SUNDAY u . 24 11 56 13 2 3 4 42 710 9 44 4 51 7 1 9 38 4 35 718 10 1 133 233 13 Monday.. 8 11 56 12 3 4 41 711 10 36 4 50 7 2 10 31 4 34 719 10 52 134 23" 14 Tuesday.. 11 56 11 3 54 4 40 7 12 11 18 4 49 7 8 1114 4 32 7 20 1131 135 "31 15 Wednes.. fl 3 11 56 11 4 44 4 39 713 1154 4 48 7 8 1151 4 31 721 136 "30 lfi Thursday " "16 11 56 12 5 30 4 38 714 morn 4 48 7 4 morn 4 30 7 28 5 137 ?"9 17 Friday.... " "28 11 56 13 6 13 4 37 7 15 23 4 47 7 5 21 4 29 7 24 30 13s 2"S 18 Saturday. SUNDAY TIP fllO 11 56 15 6 55 4 36 716 49 4 46 7 6 48 4 28 7 25 53 139 ""7 1 ( * "22 11 56 17 7 36 4 35 717 115 4 45 7 7 115 4 27 7 26 117 140 ""(i 20 Monday .. -up 4 11 56 20 8 17 4 34 718 139 4 44 7 8 139 426 7 27 137 141 ><:, 21 Tuesday.. " "16 11 56 23 8 59 4 34 719 2 3 4 44 7 9 2 5 425 7 28 159 14" "-.( "" Wednes.. " "28 11 56 27 9 42 433 7 20 2 27 4 43 710 2 32 4 24 7 29 2 21 U3 ""3 "3 Thursday m -io 11 56 31 10 29 4 32 7 21 2 57 4 43 711 3 1 4 23 7 80 2 46 144 "".' 24 Friday. .. " "22 11 56 36 1118 43L 7 22 3 32 4 42 7 12 3 36 4 22 7 31 3 19 145 "" ".-> Saturday. SUNDAY * m 5 11 56 41 morn 4 30 7 23 rises 4 42 713 rises 4 21 7 32 rises 140 220 20 " "17 11 56 47 10 429 7 24 8 19 4 41 713 9 13 4 20 7 34 8 35 147 219 "7 Monday .. " "30 11 56 53 1 3 4 28 7 2ft 9 12 4 41 714 9 6 419 7 85 9 28 148 "is 'S Tuesday.. * *13 11 57 158 427 7 26 9 57 4 40 715 9 52 418 7 36 10 11 149 217 99 Wednes.. M .. 27 11 57 8 2 52 4 26 7 27 10 36 4 39 716 10 32 417 7 37 10 48 150 216 30 Thursday - -510 11 57 15 3 45 4 26 7 28 1110 4 39 7 17 11 8 416 7 38 1119 151 215)31 [Friday.... " "24 11 57 27 4 36 4 26 7 29 1142 4 38 7 17 1141 4 16 7 39 1147 < Last Quar., 1st. New Moon, 8th. 6th Month. JUNE, 1918, 30 Days. D First Quar., 16th. Full Moon. 24th. M ew York, Chicago, Iowa, Neb., Wyo., Ore., N.Mo., Ohio Pa., N. J., M.-ss., Conn., R. I. 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 ISO 181 DAT OF Week. Saturday SUNDAY Monday .. Tuesday.. Wednes.. Thursday Friday Saturday SUNDAY Monday Tuesday Wednes.. Thursday Friday... Saturday SUNDAY Monday. Tuesday Wednes. Thursday Friday.... Saturday. SUNDAY Monday .. Tuesday, Wednes. Thursday Friday... "aturday 3:SUNDAY Moon's Place 7 P. M. E. S. T. "3 X - 8 ' "22 T X 7 " "21 V T 6 " "20 V. V 4 " "18 2 ' "16 " "29 *> 011 "24 Q 6 "18 " "30 =^TO>12 ' "24 Ttl = 6 " "18 " "30 *mi3 " "26 *10 " "23 -* 7 " "21 X - 5 M 19 T X 4 f fl 6 Sun at Noon Mark. Mean Time. u. m. s. 11 57 32 11 57 41 11 57 61 11 58 1 11 58 11 11 58 22 11 58 32 11 58 44 11 58 55 1159 7 11 59 19 11 59 31 11 59 44 11 59 56 12 9 22 35 47 1 1 13 1 26 1 39 1 52 2 5 2 18 2 30 2 43 2 55 3 8 3 20 Moon IX Me- rid- ian. Morn. H. M. 5 27 616 7 6 7 58 8 53 9 48 10 47 1146 ev.45 141 2 34 3 22 4 7 4 50 5 32 6 13 6 54 7 37 8 22 910 10 1 10 54 1149 morn 45 139 232 3 24 414 5 4 Moon Sun Sun rises rises, sets, and H. M. 4 25 4 25 4 25 4 25 4 24 4 24 4 24 4 24 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 23 4 24 4 24 4 24 4 24 4 24 4 25 4 25 4 25 4 25 4 26 H. M 7 29 7 30 7 30 7 31 7 31 7 32 7 33 7 33 7 34 7 34 7 35 7 36 7 37 7 37 7 38 7 38 7 39 7 39 7 39 7 39 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 H. M. morn 12 41 113 151 2 27 312 4 5 sets 9 11 9 50 10 22 10 50 1116 1142 morn 5 30 58 128 2 4 2 47 3 38 rises 8 36 911 9 46 10 16 10 47 11 6 Sun rises. St. Louis, S. Mo. " 111., Ind., Kas. Okla., Col., Utah Cal.. Ky., Va., Md., Del. H. M. 4 38 4 38 4 38 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 36 4 3(5 4 36 4 36 437 4 37 437 4 37 4 38 4 38 4 38 4 39 4 40 Sun sets. H. M. 718 719 719 7 20 7 20 7 21 7 21 7 22 7 22 7 23 7 24 7 24 7 25 7 25 7 25 7 26 7 26 7 26 7 26 7 26 7 26 7 27 7 27 7 27 7 27 7 27 7 27 7 27 727 7 27 Moon rises and sets. H.M. morn 11 42 114 154 2 31 317 4 11 sets 9 6 9 46 10 19 10 48 1116 1142 morn 7 32 1 1 132 2 9 2 53 3 44 rises 8 31 9 8 9 44 10 15 10 47 11 7 Sun rises. St. Paul, Mich., Wis., Minn.,N.D. S. D., Mont., N. Idaho, Wash., N. N. V., Vt., N. H. H. M. 415 415 414 414 414 413 413 413 413 412 412 412 412 412 412 412 412 412 412 412 412 413 413 413 413 413 414 414 414 4 15 Sun H. M. 7 40 7 41 7 41 7 42 7 42 7 43 7 43 7 44 7 44 7 45 7 46 7 47 7 47 7 48 7 49 7 50 7 50 7 51 7 51 7 51 7 51 7 51 7 51 7 51 7 51 7 51 7 51 751 7 51 7 51 Moon rises and sets. H. M. morn 13 39 U 2 14 2 57 3 48 sets 9 26 10 2 10 31 10 55 1119 1141 morn 2 24 48 116 149 2 31 3 22 rises 8 49 9 21 9 53 10 18 10 46 11 1 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Last Quar., 1, 30. i New Moon, 8th. 7th Month. JULY, 1918. 31 Days. $ First Quar., 16th. Full Moon, 23d. .\ew York, Chicago, .St. Louis, S. Mo., St. Paul, Mich., Wis., Minn.,N.D 3 3 MOOD'S Iowa. Neb., Wyo., Ore., N.Mo., Ohio, S. 111., Ind., Kas., ^ PLACE StTN AT NOON Mark. MOON IN ME- RID- Okla., Col., Utah, S. D., Mont., N. H P ^ c a % o DAT OF WEEK 7 P. M. E. S. T. Pa., N. J., Mass., Conn., R. I. Cal., Ky., Va., Md., Del. Idaho, Wash., N. N. Y.. Vt.. N. H. o Sun Moon rises Sun Sun Moon Sun Sun Moon s H * Sun Sign. Con. Deg. Mean rises. sets. and rises, sets. and rises. sets. and ft 6 Q Time. Morn. sets. sets. H M. sets. H. 31. S. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. 18? TR4 1 Monday.. T X 18 12 3 31 5 54 4 27 7 40 1147 4 40 7 27 1150 416 7 51 1139 183 1 s; ; 2 Tuesday.. tf T 2 12 3 43 6 46 4 28 7 40 morn 4 40 7 27 morn 417 7 61 morn 184 189 3 Wednes . .. " 16 12 3 54 7 41 4 29 7 40 25 4 41 7 27 29 418 7 51 13 1*5 181 4 Thursday " " 30 12 4 5 8 37 4 29 7 40 1 7 441 7 27 112 418 7 51 52 18 l k; i 5 Friday.... X V 14 12 4 16 9 35 4 30 7 40 1 55 4 42 7 27 2 1 419 7A1 1 39- 187 179 6 Saturday. " .. 27 12 4 27 10 33 431 7 39 2 50 4 43 7 26 2 56 4 20 7 50 2 34 IKS 17S 7 SUNDAY K 11 12 4 37 1129 4 32 7 39 3 50 444 7 26 3 55 421 7 50 3 34 ISO 177 8 Monday .. .. 24 12 4 47 ev.23 4 32 7 39 sets 4 44 7 26 sots 421 7 60 sets 190 170 9 Tuesday.. Q 7 12 4 56 113 4 33 7 88 8 21 4 45 7 2ft 8 17 4 22 7 49 8 31 191 175 10 Wednes. . H . 19 12 ft 5 2 4 M 7 37 8 51 4 46 7 25 8 49 4 22 7 48 8 58 19V 174 11 Thursday TIP R 2 12 6 14 2 45 4 34 7 37 9 19 4 46 7 24 9 18 423 7 48 9 23 193 17.". 12 Friday.. : " " 14 12 5 22 in 4 35 7 37 9 43 4 47 7 24 9 43 4 24 7 47 9 44 194 17-' 13 Saturday. " " 26 12 5 29 4 35 7 36 10 8 4 47 7 24 10 8 4 24 7 46 10 5 lit.', 171 14 SUNDAY ^W 8 12 5 36 4 49 4 36 7 36 10 31 4 48 7 23 10 33 425 7 46 10 26 19(5 170 15 Monday.. ' 20 12 5 43 5 31 4 36 7 35 10 58 4 49 7 23 11 1 4 26 7 45 10 59 197 109 10 Tuesday.. m - 2 12 5 49 6 15 4 37 7 34 1127 4 50 7 22 1131 4 27 7 44 1116 198 10S 17 Wednes.. " " 14 12 ft ft ft 7 I 4 38 7 34 12 4 51 7 21 morn 4 28 7 43 1146 199 107 18 Thursday K ' 26 12 6 7 50 4 39 7 33 morn 451 7 21 4 4 29 7 42 mora '290 100 19 Friday... ? m 8 12 6 4 8 43 4 39 7 33 H9 4 52 7 20 45 4 30 7 41 24 V01 105 20 Saturday S UNDAY M 21 12 6 8 9 37 4 40 7 32 126 4 53 7 20 132 431 7 40 110 20? 104 '>1 ^ o 12 6 12 10 32 4 41 7 31 2 22 4 54 Ig 2 28 4 32 7 39 2 5 203 103 ?" Monday.. " w 18 12 1ft 1128 4 42 7 30 3 24 4 54 3 29 4 33 7 38 3 9 704 10-' "3 Tuesday . - * 2 12 6 17 morn 4 43 7 29 rises 4 55 718 rises 4 34 7 37 rises 205 101 24 Wednes.. M .. 16 12 6 19 23 4 44 7 28 7 45 4 56 717 7 42 435 7 36 7 53 voo 100 "5 Thursday K - 1 12 6 20 116 4 45 7 27 8 18 4 57 7 16 8 17 4 36 7 36 8 23 207 15 9 2fi Friday .. . r. .. 15 12 6 80 2 8 4 46 7 26 8 49 4 58 7 15 8 48 437 7 34 8 49 208 158 27 Saturday " " 30 12 6 20 3 4 47 7 25 9 20 4 59 714 9 21 4 38 7 33 9 17 209 157 28 SUNDAY T X 14 12 6 19 3 51 4 48 7 24 9 52 4 59 7 13 9 54 4 39 7 32 9 4S 210 150 29 Monday .. i 29 12 6 18 4 43 4 49 7 23 10 27 11 6 5 712 10 30 4 40 731 10 16 11 155 MO Tuesday.. V T 13 12 6 16 5 37 4 5Q 4 51 7 22 5 I! 712 111111441 7 30 10 53 212 154 31 Wednes.. " " 27 12 6 14 6 32 7 21 1153 5 1 711 1158 114 42 7 30 1137 f &&& 8thM - AUGUST, 1918. au^s. f^fe.f 1 ^. i PI - H .New York, Chicago, St. Louis, S. Mo., St. Paul, Mich., Iowa, Neb., Wyo., S. 111., Ind., Kas., WisL, Minn.,N.D., S. D., Mont.. N. & w V, Place Sun at MOON Ore., N.Mo.. Ohio, Okla., Col., Utah, r-l 8 DAY OF Week 7 P. M. Pa., N. J., Mass., Cal.. Ky., Va.. Idaho, Wash.. N. k to E. S. T. MARK. ME- RID- IAN. Conn., R. I. Md., Del. N\ Y., Vt., N. H. 6 Sun Sun Moon Sun Sun Moon Sun Sun Moon H M < w ft Mean rises. sets. and rises. sets. and rises, sets. and ft ft ft Time. Morn. sets. sets. sets. H. M. S. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. IT. M. H. M. H. M. H. M.|H. M. H. M. 213 153 1 Thursday V V 10 12 6 11 7 29 4 52 719 morn 5 2 710 morn 4 43 7 29 morn 2i4 152 a Friday.... u .. 24 12 6 7 8 26 4 53 718 43 5 2 7 9 49 4 44 7 27 27 2 J ft 151 5 Saturday. SUNDAY K 7 if 6 3 9 22 4 54 7 17 142 5 8 7 R 148 4 45 7 25 1 26 210 150 4 ' 20 12 6 59 1016 4 54 716 2 44 5 4 7 7 2 49 4 46 7 24 2 29 217 149 5 Monday... n 3 12 6 53 11 7 4 55 715 3 46 5 5 7 6 3 50 4 47 7 22 3 33 218 lis Tuesday.. " ' 15 12 ft 47 1155 4 56 714 4 49 5 6 7 ft 4 52 4 49 7 20 4 39 219 147 7 Wednes.. " " 28 is ft 41 ev.40 4 57 7 13 sets 5 7 7 4 sots 4 50 7 19 sets 220 140 8 Thursday npp Q 10 18 ft 34 123 1^9 712 7 46 5 7 U 7 46 4511718 7 *l 221 145 9 Fridav.... " m 22 12 5 26 2 4 5 710 8 11 5 8 8 11 4 53 7 17 8 10 222 144 10 Saturday. SUNDAY = Vp 4 12 ft 1R 2 46 5 1 7 9 8 36 5 9 7 1 8 37 4 54 7 15 8 32 223 143 11 .. 16 12 ft 9 3 27 5 ?, 7 7 9 5 10 7 9 3 4 55 714 8 53 224 142 12 Monday.. u 28 12 4 59 410 5 3 7 6 9 28 5 11 6 59 9 32 4 56 7 13 9 18 225 141 13 Tuesday.. m - 10;. 12 4 49 4 55 5 4 7 5 10 1 10 36 512 657 10 5 4 58 7 12 9 48 220 140 14 Wednes . K .. 22 12 4 39 5 42 o o 7 4 5 13 6 55 10 41 4 59 7 10 10 21 227 ! 39 15 Thursday ^ m 4 12 4 27 6 31 5 7 8 11 19 514 6 64 1124 5 7 9 11 3 228 13s 10 Friday.... " " 16 is 4 16 7 24 5 7 7 2 morn 5 15 |S3 morn 5 2 7 8 1152 229 137 17 Saturday. " 29 12 4 8 818 5 8 7 1 8 516 6 51 14 5 3 !7 6 morn 230 130 is SUNDAY ? 13 12 3 51 9 13 5 9 6 59 1 6 510 HftO 111 5 4 7 4 50 231 135 19 Monday.. " " 26 12 3 37 10 8 5 10 6 57 2 11 5 17 6 49 2 16 5 5 7 2 158 232 134 20 Tuesdav.. - * 11 18 8 88 11 3 511 6 55 3 29 518 6 48 3 24 5 6 7 1 3 9 233 133 21 Wednes.. 25 12 3 9 1157 512 6 53 4 34 519 6 46 4 37 5 7 7 9 4 27 234 132 22 Thursday X - 10 12 2 54 513 6 51 rises 5 20 6 44 rises 5 8:658 rises 235J131 23 Friday .. " " 25 Itf 2 39 50 5 14 6 50 7 21 5 21 6 43 7 21 5 9 656 7 19 236 130 24 Saturday. T X 10 12 2 23 143 515 6 49 7 55 5 22 6*2 7 57 510 6 54 7 50 237 1129 25 SUNDAY " " 25 12 2 7 2 36 5 16 6 47 8 27 5 23 6 40 8 30 511 6 52 8 17 238! 128 20 Monday.. V T 9 12 1 51 3 31 517 6 45 9 6 5 24 6 39 9 10 5 12 6 50 8 53 239 127 27 Tuesday.. " " 23 12 1 34 4 27 518 6 44 9 51 5 25 6 37 9 56 5 14 6 48 9 3ft 240 126 28 Wednes.. K H 7 12 1 17 5 24 5 20 6 43 10 42 5 20 6 36 10 48 5 10 6 46 10 26 2411125 29 Thursday " " 21 12 59 6 22 5 21 6 41 1138 5 27 6 35 1144 5 17 6 45 1122 2421124 30 Friday H 4 12 41 7 18 5 22 6 39 morn 5 28 6 34 morn 5 18 6 43 morn ?43il23 31 Saturday. M 1? J2 23 8 12 5 23 6 38 37 5 28 6 33 42 5 19 6 41 22 ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 'New .^on ;i 5th ;9th Month. SEPTEMBER, 1918. 30 Days. ew York, Chicago, St. Louis, S. Mo.. | St. Faul, Mich., Wis., Minn..N.D., Iowa, Neb. , Wyo., ., Ohio. Mass., 1. I. S. 111., Ind., Kas., H e Mo6n Ore., N.Mo Okla., Col., Utah, S. D., Mont., N. H u. c DAT 7 P. M. Noon IN Pa., N. J., Conn., I Cal., Ky., Va., Idaho, Wash., N. fc OF . Week. E. S. T. Mark. Me- rid- ian. Md., Del. N. Y., Vt., N. H. O Sun Sun Moon rises Sun Sun Moon rises Sun Sun Moon H rises 3 < < 6 * i Mea n rises. sets. and rises. sets. and rises. sets. and u a fi Time. Morn. sets. sets. sets. H. M. S. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. H. M. 274 92 1 Tuesday.. tip ft 4 11 49 50 919 5 56 5 44 2 35 5 56 1 5 43 2 37 5 57 5 42 2 30 275 91 2 Wednes... " .. 16 11 49 30 10 1 O Oi 5 42 3 35 5 56 5 42 3 36 5 58 5 40 3 32 276 90 3 Thursday " "28 11 49 12 10 42 5 58 5 40 4 32 5 57 5 41 4 32 5 59 5 39 4 32 277 80 4 Friday.... = Ttpl0 11 48 53 1124 5 59 5 38 5 30 5 58 5 40 5 29 6 5 38 5 34 278 HS B Saturday. SUNDAY " "21 11 48 35 ev. 6 H 5 37 sets 5 59 1 6 88 sets 6 1 5 36 279 sv 6 m - 4 11 48 17 49 6 1 ft 3ft 6 4 6 | 5 36 6 8 6 2 5 34 5 54 280 80 7 Monday.. " "15 11 48 134 H 2 5 33 6 37 6 15 34 6 42 fi 4 5 33 6 24 5/81 8o 8 Tuesday.. " "27 11 47 43 2 21 H 8 5 32 715 6 2 5 33 7 20 6 5 5 30 7 282 84 9 Wednes.. ;*m 9 11 47 26 3 10 6 4 5 30 7 58 6 3 5 31 8 3 6 6 5 28 7 42 3SH 80 10 Thursday " "21 11 47 10 4 1 fi 5 5 28 8 49 6 4 5 29 8 54 6 7 5 26 8 83 284 82 11 Friday.... * if 4 11 46 54 4 52 6 7 5 26 9 44 6 5 5 28 9 49 6 8 6 24 9 29 285 81 12 Saturday " "16 11 46 39 5 44 6 8 5 25 10 46 6 6 5 27 10 50 6 10 5 22 10 32 280 SO 13 SUNDAY u 29 11 46 24 6 56 6 9 5 23 1151 7 5 26 1155 612 5 20 1141 28, 70 U Monday.. - *513 11 46 10 7 28 610 6 21 morn rt 8 6 24 morn 613 619 288 /8 }| Tuesday. " "27 11 45 56 8 19 611 619 1 6 9 5 23 1 2 614 617 52 2^0 n Wednes.. K -12 11 45 43 911 6 12 5 18 210 610 6 22 2 11 616 516 2 6 290 ,0 17 Thursday }" "27 11 45 30 10 4 6 13 ft 17 3 23 611 5 20 3 23 617 514 3 23 291 75 18 Friday.... T K12 11 45 18 10 59 115? 614 filfi 4 36 612 5 19 4 35 618 ft 12 440 292 a 19 Saturday. SUNDAY. " "27 1145 7 H15 5 15 5 52 613 fi 1R 5 49 6 19 510 5 59 293 7 3 20 V T12 1144 56 morn 6 16 5 13 rises 6 14 617 rises 6 21 ft R rises 294 72 21 Monday... " "27 11 44 46 57 618 611 6 26 615 SIR 6 31 6 22 5 7 611 295 /] 22 Tuesday.. V12 11 44 36 158 6 19 ft 9 7 20 616 ft 14 7 25 6 24 ft ft 7 4 200 VII 23 Wednes... " "26 11 44 27 2 59 6 21 5 7 8 20 616 S12 8 25 6 25 5 3 It 297 uo 24 Thursday HlO 11 44 19 3 58 <><> ft 9 24 6 17 6 11 9 29 6 27 ft 9, 298 OS 25 Friday.... " "23 11 44 12 4 54 6 24 10 27 618 5 10 10 31 6 28 ft 1 10 15 200 07 20 Saturday 6 11 44 5 5 45 6 25 ft 2 1129 6 19 ft 8 1132 6 30 4 59 1119 300 00 27 SUNDAY " "18 11 43 59 6 33 6 26 5 1 morn 6 20 ft 7 morn 6 31 4 57 morn 301 65 28iMonday.. TIP ft 1 11 43 54 7 18 6 27 ft 31 621 5 6 33 6 32 4 56 24 302 64 29 iTuesday . " .. 13 11 43 49 8 6 28 4 59 129 6 22 i 5 5 130 6 33 4 54 126 303 03 30;Wedr;e8... " " 25 11 43 46 8 42 6 29 | 4 58 2 27 6 23 ! 5 4 2 28 6 34 4 53 2 27 304 i 62 31 Thursday -TTP 7 11 43 43 9 23 6 30 . 4 57 3 24 6 24 5 3 3 24 fi 30 4 51 3 27 22 ALMANAC AXD YEAR-BOOK FOR 1913. i New Moon, 3d. First. Quar., 11th. 11th Month. NOVEMBER, 1918. 30 Days. Cj&Full Moon, 18th. 1 11 43 45 2 49 6 38 4 48 7 40 6 32 4 55 7 45 (5 45 441 7 24 312 64 8 Friday.... H .. 13 11 43 49 3 40 6 39 4 47 8 38 6 33 4 54 8 43 6 46 4 40 8 25 313 a3 9 Saturday SUNDAY u .. 26 11 43 53 4 31 6 40 4 46 9 42 6 34 4 53 9 46 6 47 4 39 9 30 314 ;>2 [() - * 9 11 43 58 5 21 6 41 4 45 10 47 6 35 4 53 10 50 6 48 4 3K 10 38 31o Bl 1 1 Monday.. " ' 23 11 44 5 611 6 43 4 44 1155 6 37 4 53 1156 6 50 4 36 1150 310 .'.(> 12 Tuesday.. X- 6 11 44 12 7 1 6 44 4 43 morn 6 38 4 51 morn 6 52 4 35 morn 317 49 13 Wednes.. .. .. 21 11 44 19 7 51 6 4.") 4 42 1 4 6 39 4 50 1 4 6 53 4 34 1 2 318 48 U Thursday T K 5 11 44 28 8 43 6 46 4 41 2 13 (5 40 4 50 2 13 6 55 4 33 215 319 4/ J 5 Friday.... " " 20 11 44 37 9 38 64* 4 40 3 26 6 41 4 49 3 24 6.56 4 32 3 31 320 46 16 Saturday. SUNDAY V T 5 11 44 48 10 S6 6 49 4 39 .4 40 6 42 4 49 4 37 6 58 I 4 31 4 49 321 46 17 " ' 20 11 44 59 11 36 6 51 4 38 5 56 6 43 4 48 5 42 6 59 1 4 30 610 322 44 18 Monday.. K tf 5 11 45 11 6 52 4 38 rises 6 44 4 47 rises 7 4 30 rises 323 43 19 Tuesday . .. go 1 1 45 23 39 6 54 4 37 6 1 6 45 4 47 6 6 7 2 4 29 5 45 324 42 20 Wednes.. H 4 11 45 37 140 6 55 4 37 7 7 6 46 4 46 7 12 7 3 4 28 6 51 32o 41 21 Thursday " ' 18 11 45 51 2 40 6 56 4 36 8 11 6 47 4 45 8 15 7 5 1427 7 58 321'. 40 22 Friday.... 1 11 46 7 3 35 6 57 4 35 9 17 6 48 '4 45 9 20 7 6 426 9 7 32'/ 39 23 Saturday. SUNDAY " " 14 11 46 25 4 26 6 58 4 34 10 30 6 49 4 44 10 32 7 7 4 2R 10 23 328 38 24 - 27 11 46 39 5 13 6 59 4 33 1120 6 50 4 44 1122 7 9 4 25 1116 329 3, 2o Monday.. TTP 9 11 46 57 5 57 7 4 33 morn 6 51 4 43 morn 710 4 24 morn 330 '56 26 Tuesday.. " ' 21 11 47 15 6 39 7 1 4 32 19 6 52 4 43 19 711 4 23 17 331 3;> _'7 Wednes.. -np 3 11 47 35 7 20 7 8 4 31 116 6 53 4 42 115 7 12 4 22 117 332 U 28 Thursday " a 15 11 47 55 -8 2 7 4 4 31 2 12 6 54 4 42 211 7 13 4 82 2 16 333 33 21* j'riday ,. 2? 11 48 15 *8 44 7 B 4 31 311 6 55 4 42 3 9 714 4 21 3 18 3341 32 30 Saturday. m. - 9 11 48 37 9 28 7 6 4 31 4 11 6 56 4 42 4 8 7 15 421 4 21 f FMa.?iort d : ih Month. DECEMBER, 1918. ai^ f 1 M *>- 17,h - Last Quar., 25th. .\ew York, Chicago. St. Louis, S. Mo., St. Paul. Mich., < H Moon's Place 7 P. M. Iowa, Neb.: Wyo., S. 111., Ind., Kas., Wis., Minn..N.D., m x g SUN AT Noon Moon Ore., N.Mo., Ohio. Okla., Col., Utah, S. D., Mont., N. [H C DAT Pa., N, J.. Mass., Cal., Ky., Va., Idaho, Wash., N. fe BE OF WEEK. E. S. T. Mark. Me- rid- ian. Conn., R. I. Md., Del. X. Y.. Vt., X. H. Sun Sun Moon rises Sun Sun Moon rises Sun Sun Moon * rises 4 < < 1 % t xii Q Mean rises. sets. and rises. sets. and rises, sets. and w Q Time. Morn. sets. sets. sets. H. M. 8. H. M. H. M. H. ML H. M. n. Bl. II. BL H. M. 11. m. n. M. H. M. 33b 31 1 SUNDAY m ^ 21 11 48 59 1014 7 7 4 31 5 8 6 57 4 41 5 4 7 16 i 4 21 5 21 33b 30 2 Monday .. if m 3 11 49 21 .11 3 7 8 4 30 6 8 6 58 4 41 6 3 7 17 1 4 20 6 22 33/ 29 3 Tuesday.. " " 15 11 49 45 11 53 7 9 4 30 7 4 6 59 4 41 6 58 7 18 1 4 20 7 19 338 2S 4 Wednes.. " " 28 11 50 9 ev.45 710 4 30 sets 7 4 41 sets 719 1 4 19 339 2, b Thursday * 10 11 50 37 137 7 11 4 29 6 34 7 1 4 41 6 39 7 20 4 19 6 19 340 2(5 6 Friday.... " " 23 11 50 58 2 28 712 4 29 7 36 7 2 4 41 7 40 7 22 4 19 7 24 341 2o 7 Saturday. SUNDAY - * 6 11 51 24 3 18 713 4 29 8 39 7 3 4 41 8 42 7 23 4 19 8 30 342 24 8 .. ., 19 11 51 50 4 8 7 14 4 29 9 46 7 4 4 41 9 48 724 1 4 19 9 39 343 23 9 Monday.. X - 3 11 52 16 4 57 7 15 4 29 10 54 7 5 4 41 10 55 7 2 5 4 19 10 51 344 22 10 Tuesday.. " " 17 11 52 43 6 45 716 4 29 morn 7 6 4 41 7 2b 4 19 34o 21 \i Wednes.. T X 1 11 53 11 6 35 717 4 29- 1 7 6 4 41 1 7 27 4 19 1 34(1 20 12 Thursday ' " 15 11 53 38 7 27 718 4 29 110 7 7 4 41 1 9 7 28 4 19 1 14 34; 19 13 Friday.... " " 30 11 54 7 8 21 719 4 29 2 21 7 8 4 42 219 729 4 19 2 29 348 18 14 Saturday. tf t 14 11 64 35 9 18 7 20 4 29 3 33 7 9 4 42 3 29 7 30 4 20 3 44 349 IV 16 SUNDAY " 29 11 55 4 10 19 7 21 4 30 4 44 7 9 4 42 4 39 7 31 1*20 4 57 3o0 16 16 Monday.. H V 13 11 55 32 1120 7 21 4 30 5 55 710 4 43 5 50 7 32 4 20 6 11 351 16 1^ Tuesday.. " " 28 11 56 2 morn 7 21 4 30 rises 710 4 43 rises 7 32 4 20 3o2 14 18 Wednes.. H 12 11 56 31 21 7 22 4 31 4 31 5 50 7 U 4 43 5 55 7 33 421 5 36 3o3 13 19 Thursday " " 26 11 57 1 119 7 22 6 56 71 o 4 44 7 7 34 4 21 6 45 3o4 12 20 Friday.... Q 9 11 57 30 2 13 7 23 4 32 8 1 7 12 4 44 8 4 7 34 4 21 7 52 8bo 11 21 Saturday. " 22 11^58 3 3 7 24 4 32 9 5 713 4 44 9 6 7 35 4 22 8 59 3;.nl JO 22 SUNDAY VP Si 5 11 58 30 3.^0 7 24 4 33 10 6 7*13 4 45 10 7 7 35 4 22 10 4 3o7 9 23 Monday... r. .. 17 11 59 4 34 7 25 4 34 11 5 714 4 45 11 4 7 30 4 23 11 5 3o8 8 24 Tuesday.. " " 29 11 59 30 516 7 25 4 34 714 4 46 7 36 4 24 3o9 360 1 2o Wednes.. - TtPll 12 5 58 7 25 4 35 3 7 14 4 46 2 7 37 4 25 6 b 2b Thursday .< 23 12 29 6 40 7 26 4 35 1 2 7 15 4 47 1 7 37 4 26 1 9 661 i) 2V Friday.... m - 5 12 50 7 23 7 26 4 36 2 7 15 4 48 157 7 37 4 26 2 9 3b 2 4 28 Saturday. " " 17 12 1 29 8.8 7 26 4 37 2 59 7 15 4 49 2 56 7 38 ! 4 27 310 b3 3 29 SUNDAY M .. gg 12 1 58 8 56 7 27 4 38 3 56 7 16 4 50 3 52 7 38 : 4 28 4 10 364 2 30 Monday.. * mil 12 2 27 n i~ 7 27 4 38 4.-4 7 16 4 51 4 49 7 39 : 4 29 510 365 l 1 31 Tuesday. " ' 24 12 2 57 10 37 7 28 ; 4 39 5 19 7 16 4 51 5 44 7 39 4 29 6 5 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 2X CALENDARS FOR THE YEARS 1919 TO 1922. 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. X i 0D r-j Si s 5 X JAN.... a 9 so e 5 a X JAN... a X T- 6 C 5 JAN.... a 3 X 021 III Eh I JAN.... 1 8 2 9 3 10 4 11 4 '5 7; '7 1 8 2 9 3 10 '?. '3 "i "ft 7; 'j 1 8 1 8 2 9 3|4|5 10 11112 6 IS, 7 6 fi 7 14 12 IS 14 16 16 17 IS 11 12 is 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12118 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 Yl 21 19 20 21 22 28 24 25 18 19 26 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19120 21 22 22 23 24 2ft 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 80 31 25 26 27 28 39 80 31 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 80 81 FEB... 1 FEB... 1 2 3 4 ft 6 7 30 31 FEB... , 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 FEB... 1 i R 4 5 6 6 7 R ! 10 11 9 10 1! 12 18 14 l.i 1., 16 17 18 19 20 21 6 7 8 9 in 11 12 !2 13 14 15 16 17 IK 16 17 18 19 20 21 22' 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 IS 14 15 1.': 17 IS 19 *9 .1) 21 22 23 24 2ft 2b 24 25 26 27 28 29 >0 27 21 28 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 MAR. . . 1 MAR... 1 2 3 4 ft 6 MAR. . 1 2 8 4 2 9 8 10 4 11 ft 12 6 18 14 8 15 14 8 15 9 16 10 17 11 18 12 19 13 20 MAR... 1 8 2 9 8 10 4 11 5 12 D 12 6 13 i 14 8 15 9 16 10 17 II 6 7 18 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 23 24 25 26 27 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 1 21 22 28 24 2ft 28 24 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 'll 21 22 28 n 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 mi SI 27 28 "9 ISO 31 APRIL. 1 2 3 4 ft APRIL '4 5 '6 ~ 1 8 2 9 8 10 APRIL 1 2 APRIL. *2 's '4 'ft *6 7 1 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 ft 6 7 s 9 9 10 11 12 18 14 1ft IS 14 !.- it; 17 18 19 18 19 2;) 21 22 "S 24 10 11 19 18 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 2;; 24 25 2fi 26 26 27 28 29 30 17 18 19 21 22 23 28 24 25 '26 27 28 29 27 28 '29 so MAY... 1 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 MAY... 1 2 3 2 3 4 6 H 7 8 MAY 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 MAY . 1 2 3 4 ft t> 4 b e 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 18 IV "u 24 23 24 2- 26 27 28 29 22 >H 24 25 96 27 98 21 29 23 94 25 26 27 25 26 its 31 30 31 29 30 31 28 29 30 31 JUNE.. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 JUNE.. 1 2 3 4 5 JUNE.. 1 2 3 4 JUNE.. 1 2 8 H 9 1(1 11 12 18 14 6 V 8 9 10 11 12 6 6 7 H 9 10 11 4 ft 6 7 8 9 10 15 i 17 18 15 2i i 21 18 14 1;> 16 17 18 19 12 13 14 15 16 1? is 11 12 13 14 1ft 16 17 22 2S 24 2o 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 19 Of, 21 99 92 24 2ft s 19 20 21 22 28 24 29 30 27 28 29 80 26 27 28 29 30 '25 26 27 28 29 30 JULY.. 1 2 3 4 5 JULY.. 1 2 3 JULY.. 1 2 JULY.. 1 t J 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 t> 7 8 9 11! 8 4 ft 6 7 8 9 V, 8 4 6 6 7 H U 14 15 16 l'i 18 19 11 12 IS 14 15 16 17 1(1 11 12 IS 14 15 16 9 10 11 12 13 14 1ft i 21 22 26 18 19 20 21 2-^ 23 24 17 18 19 20 91 22 9S 16 17 1! 19 '.'1 21 22 27 28 29 25 26 27 28 29 S( 31 24 25 26 27 2S 29 30 8 24 25 26:27 28 29 31 30 31 AUG... 1 2 I 8 it 4 11 6 12 6 i: 7 14 8 15 9 16 AUG... 1 8 2 9 3 10 4 11 5 12 6 is 7 14 AUG... "7 1 8 2 9 a in 4 11 ft 12 6 IS AUG... 1 8 2| 3 9110 4 11 ft 6 7 12 17 18 19 a 21 22 23 15 16 n 18 19 2' 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 911 13 14 15 1fi|17 18 19 r 2; 2(1 2, 28 29 30 2-2 23 24 25 26 27 28 "I :?. 28 24 25 20 27 20 21 29 '8 24 25 2ft 29 30 31 28 29 80 31 27 2-8 29 80131 SEPT. . l 2 8 4 5 6 SEPT. . 1 2 3 4 SEPT.. 1 2 3 SEPT.. 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 is 5 6 7 8 9 II II 4 ft 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 7 8 U 1; Hi 17 18 19 20 12 IS 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 m 21 22 2S 24 25 26 :' in 2! 21 22' 28 24 22 1> 19 ><) "1 T> 98 21 17 18 19 20l21 92 23 28 29 80 26 27 28 29 80 25 26 27 28 29 30 24 ST. 26 27 28 29 30 OCT.... 1 8 2 9 3 10 4 ll OCT. . . . '3 '4 '5 6 '7 1 8 2 9 OCT.... '3 ',3 '4 '5 6 1 8 OCT.... 1 8 2 9 3 10 4 ft 11 12 6 IS 7 6 B 7 14 12 i. 14 1. 16 17 18 It 11 12 13 1i 15 16 ! : 10 11 12 18 14 15 15 ii- 17 18 11' 21 21 N 21 21 .'2 22 24 25 17 is in 2.i 21 22 28 16 17 18 19 20 "1 29 22 2: "\ '.- 2.' 27 28 '26 27 28 29 81 81 24 81 25 26 27 28 29 so 2: 80 24 31 25 26 27 28 '2*9 29 :< SI NOV.*. 1 NOV... 1 2 :- 4 2 i 4 6 6 7 8 NOV... 1 2 3 4 ft 6 NOV... 1 a 8 4 ft 5 6 V 8 9 ll 11 9 !' II 12 13 14 15 7 8 9 10 11 12 IS 6 7 8 1! 111 11 19 '2 : 14 15 16 17 m M 17 18 19 21 21 22 14 I,' 16, 17 18 19 2,! IS 14 15 16 17 Is 19 i'.' 2! 21 22 23 24 2ft >i 24 25 27 28 29 21 22 28 21 2ft 2i 27 2! 21 22 ": 24 25 26 26. 2, 28 29! 30 28 29 SO I 21 2s 29 30 DEC... 1 2 DEC... 1 1 8 2 9 8 10 4 11 5 12 6 13 DEC... 1 8 2! 3 9 1( 4 11 DEC... *4 5 v> 'j 1 8 2 9 3 10 3 10 i 11 12 6 7 13114 8 1ft i> 5 6 7 16 14 15 If, IV 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16, 17 IS 11 ll 13 14 1ft IK 17 17 > I 1 -) 20 21 22 28 J! >>. 23 24 2;. 26 27 19 '.'I SI .,., 23,24 ' It 19 20 21 22 ; 24 2i 25 26 2, 28 24 80 28 21 so SI 26 27 28 29 SO 81 25 26 27 28 29 30 81 31 ..!. THE UNITED STATES Bohemian Sooyeny Stati. Dutch De Vereenigde Staten. French Les Etats-Unis. German Der Vereinigten Staaten. Greek Ai Inomenai Politeia. Italian Gli Stati Uniti. IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES. Norwegian and Danish De Forenede Stater. Spanish Los Estados Unidos. Swedish De Forenta Staterna. Polish Stany Ziednoczone. Russian Soyedinionnie Shtati. Portuguese Os Estados Unidos. *24 ALMANAC AND TEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. A READY-REFERENCE CALENDAR. For ascertaining any day of the week for any given time within two hundred years from the introduction of the New Style, *1752 to 1952 inclusive. Years 1753 to 1952. 9 -5 Si E < s 9 c a Ha Ha it P < o C 1 1761 1801 1767 1807 1778 1818 1789 1829 1795 1835 1846 1857 1903 1863 1914 1874 1925 1885 1931 1891 1942 4 7 7 3 5 1 3 6 2 4 7 2 1762 1802 1773 1813 1779 1819 1790 1530 1841 1847 1858 1909 1869 1915 1875 1926 1886 1897 1937 1 1943 5 1 1 4 6 2 4 7 3 5 1 3 1757 1803 1763 1814 1774 1825 1785 1831 1791 1842 1853 1859 1910 1870 1921 1881 1927 1887 1938 1898 1949 6 2 2 5 7 3 5 1 4 6 o 4 1754 1805 1765 1811 1771 1822 1782 1833 1793 1839 1799 1850 1901 1861 1907 1867 1918 1878 1929 1889 1935 1895 1946 2 5 5 1 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 7 1755 1806 1766 1817 1777 1823 1783 1834 1794 1845 1800 1851 1902 1862 1913 1873 1879 1919 1 1930 1890 1941 1947 3 6 6 2 4 7 2 5 1 3 6 1 1758 1 1769 1809 1815 1775 1826 1786 1837 1797 1843 1854 1905 1865 1911 1871 1882 1922 1 1933 1893 1939 1899 1950 7 3 3 6 1 4 6 2 | 7 3 5 1753 1810 1759 1821 1770 1827 1781 1838 1787 1849 1798 1855 1866 1906 1877 1917 1883 1923 1894 1934 1900 1945 1951 1 4 4 7 2 B 7 3 6 1 4 6 Leap Years. ..29 1764 | 1792 | 1804 1 1832 I 1860 | 1888 I 1928 | | 7 | 3 1 4 I 7 1 2 i 5 I 7 1 3 j 6 1 1 1 4 | 6 1768 | 1796 1 1808 1 1836 | 1864 I 1892 | 1904 1 1932 |5|1|2|5|7|3|5|1|4|6|2|4 1772 | 1 1812 1 1840 I 1868 I 1896 ! 1908 I 1936 |3|6|7|3|5|1|3|6I2|4|7|2 1776 | I 1816 I 1844 I 1872 I I 1912 1 1940 I 1 | 4 I 5 1 1 I 3 | 6 1 1 1 4 I 7 I 2 I 5 1 7 1780 1 1 1820 | 1848 I 1876 I I 1916 I 1944 | 6 | 2 1 3 I 6 I 1 I 4 1 6 1 2 1 5 | 7 1 3 1 5 1756 | 1784 | 1824 | 1852 I 1880 | I 1920 | 1948 I 4 | 7 I 1 | 4 | 6 I 2 I 4 I 7 1 8 | 5 I 1 I 3 1760 | 1788 I 1828 1 1856 | 1PS4 1 ! 1924 1 1952 1 2 1 5 | 6 I 2 I 4 I 7 1 2 I 5 1 1 I 3 I 6 I 1 Monday .... 1 Tuesday 2 Wednesday. 3 Thursday... 4 Friday 5 Saturday.... 6 SUNDAY... 7 Monday 8 Tuesday 9 Wednesday.10 Thursday... 11 Friday 12 Saturday.. ..13 SUNDAY. ..14 Monday 15 Tuesday ....16 Wednesday.17 Thursday. .18 Friday 19 Saturday.... 20 SUN DAY... 21 Monday 22 Tuesday.... 23 Wednesday .24 Thursday... 25 Fridav 26 Saturday ...27 SUNDAY... 28 Monday ....29 Tuesday 30 Wednesday.31 Tuesday 1 Wednesday. 2 Thursday... 3 Friday 4 Saturday... 5 SUNDAY... 6 Monday 7 Tuesday.... 8 Wednesday. 9 Thursday... 10 Friday 11 Saturday ...12 SUNDAY.... 13 Monday 14 Tuesday ....15 Wednesday.16 Thursday... 17 Friday 18 Saturday,... 19 SUNDAY... 20 Monday 21 Tuesday ... .22 Wednesday .23 Thursday... 24 Friday 25 Saturday.... 26 SUNDAY... 27 Monday 28 Tuesday.... 29 Wednesday .30 Thursday. . .31 Wednesday. 1 Thursday .. 2 Friday 3 Saturday 4 SUNDAY... 5 Monday 6 Tuesday 7 Wednesday. 8 Thursday... 9 Friday 10 Saturday 11 SUNDAY. .12 Monday 13 Tuesday 14 Wednesday.15 Thursday... 16 Friday 17 Saturday. ...18 SUNDAY ...19 Monday 20 Tuesday ... .21 Wednesday. 22 Thursday... 23 Friday 24 Saturday 25 SUNDAY. ..26 Monday 27 Tuesday.... 28 Wednesday.29 Thursday... 30 Friday 31 Thursday... 1 Friday 2 Saturday.... 3 SUNDAY... 4 Monday 5 Tuesday 6 Wednesday. 7 Thursday... 8 Friday 9 Saturday.... 10 SUNDAY. ..11 Monday 12 Tuesday 13 Wednesday.14 Thursday ...15 Friday 16 Saturday 17 SUNDAY. ..18 Monday 19 Tuesday.... 20 Wednesday. 21 Thursday... 22 Friday... '...23 Saturday 24 SUNDAY.. ..25 Monday 26 Tuesday 27 Wednesday .28 Thursday... 29 Friday 30 Saturday.... 31 Friday 1 Saturday 2 SUNDAY... 3 Monday 4 Tuesday 5 Wednesday. 6 Thursday... 7 Friday 8 Saturday.... 9 SUNDAY. ..10 Monday 11 Tuesday ....12 Wednesday. 13 Thursday... 14 Friday 15 Saturday 16 SUNDAY ...17 Monday 18 Tuesday.... 19 Wednesday.20 Thursday... 21 Friday 22 Saturday... 23 SUNDAY. ..24 Monday 25 Tuesday ... .26 Wednesday .27 Thursday. . .28 Friday 29 Saturday 30 SUNDAY... .31 Saturday 1 SUNDAY... 2 Monday 3 Tuesday 4 Wednesday 5 Thursday... 6 Friday 7 Saturday.... 8 SUNDAY... 9 Monday 10 Tuesday 11 Wednesday. 12 Thursday.... 13 Friday 14 Saturday.... 15 SUNDAY... 16 Monday 17 Tuesday 18 Wednesday. 19 Thursday... 20 Friday 21 Saturday.... 22 SUNDAY ...23 Monday 24 Tuesday ... .25 Wednesday.26 Thursday ...27 Friday 28 Saturday.... 29 SUNDAY.. ..30 Monday 31 SUNDAY... i Monday 8 Tuesday.... 8 Wednesday. 4 Thursday... 6 Friday 6 Saturday.... 7 SUNDAY... 8 Monday 9 Tuesday 10 Wednesday.il Thursday... 12 Friday IS Saturday. ...14 SUNDAY ...15 Monday 16 Tuesday 17 Wednesday.18 Thursday ...19 Friday 20 Saturday 21 SUNDAY ...23 Monday 23 Tuesday ... .24 Wednesday.25 Thursday... 26 Friday 27 Saturday ...28 SUNDAY... 29 Monday 30 Tuesday ... .31 Note To ascertain any day of the week first look in the table for the year required and under the months are figures which refer to the corre- sponding figures at the head of the columns of days below. For example: To know on what day of the week July 4 was in the year 1895, in the table of years look for 1S95, and in a parallel line, under July, is figure 1, which directs to column 1, in which it will be seen that July 4 falls' on Thursday. *17E2 same as 1772 from Jan. 1 to Sept. 2. From Sept. 14 to Dec. 31 same as 1780 (Sept. 3-13 were omitted). This Calendar is from Whit- aker's London Almanack, with some revisions. ALMANAC AND i'EAR-BOOK FOR 1*18. CHART OF THE HEAVENS. Scale of Magnitudes. Explanation The chart of the heavens shows all the bright stars and groups visible in the United States, Canada. Cuba and Hawaii. Stars of the third magnitude are sometimes shown in order to complete a figure. If a bright, uncharted body be seen near the ecliptic circle" it must be a planet. To lo- cate the planets or moon refer to the monthly calendar pages in this almanac, find the proper signs on the chart in the "ecliptic circle" and nn inspection of that part of the heavens, com- paring with the chart, will serve to identify the planet and all surrounding objects. Because of the earth's motion from west to east (opposite io-the direction of the arrow in the charti, the stars rjse 4 m. earlier each day Or " m. per week or 2 hrs. a month. The chart shows the position at 9 p. m. Then if the position for any otner hour be desired, as for 7 p. m., count ahead one month, or back one month for 11 p. m., and so on tor any hour of the night, holding the month desired in front as the face looks either to the north or south with name down. A circle described from the zenith on the zenith circle" for tne desired latitude with a radius of 90 degrees (see graduated meridian) will show wtiat stars are above the horizon. Thus Capella is near the overhead (zenith) point on latitude 40 degrees north Jan. 15, 9 p. m., as will be "big mpper" at 3 a. m. Then from Capella or two stars all the surrounding visible groups can be identified. The "pointers." being 5 degrees apart and always in sight, may be used as a convenient unit of measure : also when visible, the "belt of Orion." 3 degrees, or the sides of the "sonare or 1'egasus." 26 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. POSITIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS, 1918. Mean time. Jan. 1 11 21 Feb. 1 11 21 ftich. 1 11 21 April 1 11 21 May 1 11 21 June 1 11 21 July 1 11 21 AUg -ll 21 Sept. 1 11 21 Oct. 1 11 21 Nov. 1 11 21 Dec. 1 11 21 31 Right ascen- sion. Hours. XXIH XX11 XXII XXIU XXHi XXI xx.% XXI xx\u xxiS KXII XXII XXIII34 IK IBs lUM IV ivu vu vm VII^ VIII^ 1X XH XI% XII^ xiiim XIV xivh XVM XVI% XVI1H XVIII^ XIXK North era states. H. M. Sets. Eve. 8 1 7 50 7 23 6 31 Rises. Morr- 4 56 4 29 4 10 3 55 3 43 3 30 3 18 3 4 2 51 2 37 2 26 2 17 2 13 2 12 2 18 2 30 2 46 3 7 3 33 3 58 4 23 4 45 5 13 5 38 6 8 Dim. Dim. Sets. Eve. 4 51 5 11 South- ern states. H. M. Sets. Eve. 8 19 8 4 7 34 6 40 Rises Morn . 4 43 4 15 3 56 3 42 3 32 3 '23 3 14 3 5 2 56 2 49 2 42 2 39 2 39 2 41 2 48 3 1 3 16 3 34 3 55 4 15 4 34 4 52 5 12 5 31 5 53 Dim. Dim. Sets. Eve. 5 20 5 39 MARS.d 1 Right ascen- sion. Hours. North- ern states. H. M. Rises Eve. 11 4 10 39 10 10 9 31 8 49 8 1 7 18 Sets. Morn. 5 15 4 28 3 44 3 3 2 24 1 48 1 10 38 Eve. 11 32 11 4 10 36 10 6 9 39 9 14 8 48 8 26 8 5 7 46 7 32 7 16 7 4 6 57 6 52 6 50 6 48 6 50 Dim. South- ern states. H. M. Eve. 11 8 10 41 10 12 9 33 8 52 8 5 7 23 Sets. Morn. 5 5 4 17 3 33 2 53 2 16 1 40 1 5 36 Eve. 11 36 11 8 10 43 10 17 9 54 9 31 9 8 8 49 8 25 8 15 8 3 7 49 7 39 7 32 7 27 7 23 7 21 7 18 Dim. Jupiter, a Right ascen- sion. Hours. North- ern states. H. M. Sets. Morn. 4 44 4 1 3 20 2 37 2 124 56 Eve. 11 48 11 15 10 44 10 14 South- ern states. H. M. Sets. Morn. 4 19 3 34 2 53 2 6 1 33 57 29 Eve. 11 19 10 45 10 12 9 44 Satuux. b Right North- ascen- ern sion. states. . H. M. Hours. Rises. Eve. IX 7 16 IX 6 34 IX 5 47 VUJH Sets. Vlll-H V11I& Morn. 6 4 VIIl^ 5 3U VIIIM 4 49 VI1I 4 9 VI 11% 3 25 VIL1U 2 45 VlUSi 2 7 vii m 1 29 viiif! 57 VIIIM Eve. IX 11 27 IX 10 52 LX 10 15 Dim... outh- ern sta tes. hTm. Rises. Eve. 7 39 6 55 6 11 Sets. Morn. 5 38 5 4 4 19 3 43 2 59 2 19 1 41 1 3 25 Eve. 11 3 10 28 9 51 Note The above table is in mean local time and should be corrected for the standard time of the zone of the observer. The first column of each division shows the position of the planet on the ecliptic circle, as indicated by the Roman numerals and fractions. Example: Re- Quired the position of Venus June 21, when her right ascension, as given above, is 111% hours, which point, when found on the margin of the chart of the heavens and connected by a straight line with the north pole star, intersects the ecliptic circle very near the Pleiades, where Venus will be at that time. POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS FOR THE SUNDAYS OF THE TEAR. PLANETS. Jan. Feb. March Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec Ccn. 6 -8 13 TOP 20 w 27 Con. 3 * 10 w ir W 24 @ Con. 3 -6 10 Si 17 V 24 31 - Con. 7 - 14 Si 21 V 28 Con. 5 - 12 a is w 26 Con. 2 X 9.0 16 tf 23 30 - Con. 7 W 14 up 21 K 28 9 Con. 4 K 11 TIP 18 H 25 Con. 1 j; 22 29 * Con. 6 np 13 m 20 K 27 Con. 3 *> 10 * 17 K 24 Con. i m 8 Z< 15 tt 22 Uranus. 5th Sunday 29 * POSITIONS OF THE MOON IN HER ORBIT. 3-31 14 9 22 11 24 27 12 6 18 7 20 26 12 5 18 7 19 22 10 1-29 14 3-30 15 20 8 26 12 27 12 17 5-30 *22 7 23 9 14 26 19 5 21 6 11 23 16 1-29 16 3-29 8 21 12 25 13 25 5 19 10 22 10 23 1-29 16 6 19 6 19 2fl 16 3-30 tlfi 3-31 Desc. Node 16 Lowest of the year, or 57 lower than when highest in December. 57 higher than when lowest in June. fHighest of the year, or LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. The library of congress was established in 1800 in the city of Washington. D. C. It was burned in 1814, and in 1851 lost 35,000 volumes by fire. The present library building, which cost $6,347,000. was opened to the public in November. 1897. . It is located a short distance east of the capitol and is the largest and finest building of its kind in the world. June 30. 1916, the library contained 2,451,974 books and pamphlets, 154, 200 maps, 770.248 pieces of music and 392,903 photographs, prints, engrav- ings and lithographs. The copyright office is a distinct division of the library with its own force of employes. The total number of employes in the library is 551 and the annual cost of maiiw- tenance is now about $850,000, including $200,000 for printing and binding. The librarian of congress is Herbert Putnam, salarv, $6,500; chief assistant librarian, Appleton P. C. Griffin, $4,000. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 27 LIGHT AND DARK OF THE MOON IN 1918. Explanation: The light spaces represent three hours each and the entire width of the column under each month is the twelve hours from 6 p. m. to 6 a. m. Thus, by the chart it is apparent that in January, on the 1st, the moon will be rising about 9 p. m., or at the end of the first division ; at midnight on the 4th-5th ; at 3 a. m. on the 8th-9th: at sunrise (new moon) on the 12th-13th, and will shine until 3 a. m. on the 22d-23d. and all night (full) on the 25th, 26th and after 9:30 p. m. on the 31st. SIDEREAL NOON OR MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF THE VERNAL EQUINOX. For use in connection with star table. See note under same. Day. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17.. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31. . Note Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. H.M H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. H.M. 5 18 3 16 1 26 11 25 9 26 7 24 5 26 3 25 I 23 11 21 9 19 5 14 3 12 1 22 11 21 9 22 7 20 5 22 3 21 1 19 11 17 9 15 5 11 3 8 1 18 11 16 9 18 7 16 5 18 3 17 1 15 11 13 9 11 5 7 3 4 1 14 11 12 9 14 7 13 5 14 3 13 1 11 11 9 9 7 5 3 3 1 10 11 8 9 10 7 9 5 11 3 9 1 7 11 5 9 3 4 58 2 57 1 6 11 4 9 6 7 5 5 7 3 5 1 3 11 1 8 59 : 55 2 53 1 2 11 9 2 7 1 5 3 3 1 59 10 57 8 55 4 51 2 49 58 10 57 8 59 6 57 4 59 2 57 55 10 53 8 51 4 47 2 45 54 10 53 8 55 6 53 4 55 2 53 51 10 49 8 47 4 43 2 41 51 10 49 8 51 6 49 4 51 2 49 47 10 45 8 43 4 39 2 37 47 10 45 8 47 6 45 4 47 2 45 43 10 41 8 40 4 35 2 33 43 10 41 8 43 6 41 4 43 2 41 39 10 37 8 36 4 31 2 29 39 10 37 8 39 6 37 4 39 2 37 35 10 34 8 32 4 27 2 25 35 10 33 8 35 6 33 4 35 2 33 32 10 30 8 28 4 23 2 21 31 10 29 8 31 6 29 4 31 2 29 28 10 26 8 24 4 19 2 17 27 10 25 8 27 6 25 4 27 2 26 24 10 22 8 20 4 15 2 13 23 10 21 8 23 6 21 4 23 2 22 20 10 18 8 16 4 11 2 9 19 10 17 819 6 17 4 19 2 18 16 10 14 8 12 4 7 2 5 15 10 13 8 15 6 13 4 16 2 14 12 10 10 8 8 4 4 2 J 11 10 9 8 11 6 10 4 12 2 10 8 10 6 8 4 4 1 57 7 10 5 8 7 6 6 4 8 2 6 4 10 2 8 3 55 1 54 3 10 1 8 3 6 2 4 4 2 2 9 58 7 56 3 51 1 50 11 59 9 58 8 5 58 4 1 58 11 52 9 54 7 52 3 48 1 46 11 56 9 54 7 56 5 54 3 56 1 54 11 48 9 50 7 48 S 44 1 42 11 52 9 50 7 52 5 50 3 52 1 50 11 44 9 46 7 44 3 40 1 38 11 48 9 46 7 48 5 46 3 48 1 46 11 40 9 42 7 40 3 36 1 34 11 44 9 42 7 44 5 42 3 44 1 42 11 36 9 38 7 37, 3 32 1 80 11 40 9 38 7 40 5 38 3 40 1 38 11 33 9 35, 7 33 3 28 11 36 9 34 7 37 5 34 3 36 1 34 11 29 9 31 7 29 3 24 11 32 9 30 7 32 5 30 3 32 1 30 11 25 9 27 7 25 3 20 11 28 7 L>9 3 28 1 27 9 23 Deo. H.M. 7 21 7 17 7 13 7 9 7 5 ls\ 6 53 6 49 6 45 6 42 6 38 6 34 6 30 6 26 6 22 6 18 6 14 6 10 6 6 6 2 5 58 5 54 5 50 5 47 5 43 5 39 5 35 5 31 5 27 5 28 Black figures are, p. m.; all others a. m- 2S ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. THE BRIGHTEST STARS. Constellation or group. Magni- tude. (v.: va- riable.) Right ascension. Sidereal time. For upper meridian passage. Mn time. For rising, subtract. For setting, add.t NAME. tion. For lat. 30 N. For lat. 40 N. For lat. 50 N. Andromeda Cassiopeia 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.0 2.3 v 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 0.4 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.1v 2.6 2.6 v 1.9 3.1 1.0 0.1 0.3 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.7 2.3 0.9 2.0 0.8 2.0 -1.4 1.5 1.9 0.5 1.2 3.8 2.1 1.3 1.6 V 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.8 2.4 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 2.9 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.9 1.2 2.8 2.5 0.1 2.1 0.9 3.7 1.4 26 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.3 2.5 4.3 H. M. 4 4 9 21 35 39 51 1 5 1 20 1 27 1 34 1 50 1 58 2 2 2 14 2 58 3 18* 3 42 4 31 5 10 5 10 5 21 5 27 5 32 5 36 5 43 5 50 5 53 6 22 6 33 6 41 6 55 7 29 7 35 7 40 8 12 9 23 10 4 10 42 10 58 11 44 12 22 12 30 13 20 13 20 13 57 14 12 14 33 14 46 14 51 15 31 15 40 16 16 24 16 26 17 54 18 34 18 50 19 46 20 13 20 38 21 16 21 27 21 40 22 33 22 53 23 23 35 Deg. Min. +28 36 4-58 40 +14 41 -43 19 +56 30 -18 39 +60 14 +35 9 +59 46 +88 50 -57 41 +20 22 +41 54 +23 3 3 26 H. M. 3 4 .0 8 21 35 38 50 1 4 1 19 1 24 1 34 1 49 1 57 2 1 2 13 2 56 3 3 18 3 41 4 29 5 9 5 9 5 19 5 26 5 30 5 35 5 42 5 49 5 51 6 21 6 31 6 40 6 54 7 27 7 33 7 38 8 10 9 21 10 1 10 39 10 56 11 42 12 19 12 27 13 18 13 18 13 54 14 9 14 30 14 43 14 48 15 28 15 37 15 57 16 20 16 23 17 51 18 30 18 46 19 43- 20 9 20 35 21 12 21 23 21 36 21 58 22 48 22 56 23 31 H. M. 7 18 H. M. 7 52 H. M. 8 39 Caph Algenib Alpha 6 39 3 51* 9 56 5 20 6 51 2 25* 7 18 * Schedlr ?. ... Cassiopeia Cetus (whale) ... Cassiopeia Andromeda Cassiopeia Ursa Minor Diphda 4 53 4 36: 7 37 8 29 9 48 Delta Polaris 1 37* 6 54 8 7 1 5 54 6 12 8 8 52 7 3 6 39 8 28 5 45 7 18 6 2 6 1 4 30 5 42 6 22 8 22 2 46* 6 44 5 25 4 51 7 30 6 17 7 17 6 27 5 45 6 34 1 3* 7 14 9 21 7 26 5 51 6 13 9 10 * Aries (ram) T Andromeda Aries T 7 52 8 6 5 46 6 20 Mira Menkar Algol Cetus + 3 44 --40 37 +49 33 +23 50 +16 20 --45 55 Marf ak Taurus (bull^.. Taurus v Auriga 7 29 6 58 10 14 5 31 7 52 6 2 6 1 3 37* 5 26 6 26 9 53 6 59 5 1 4 7 8 11 6 19 7 50 6 33 5 31 6 44 * 8 1$ 7 26 Aldebaran 8 18 +28 32 -0 22 -1 15 -34 8 -9 42 + 7 24 +44 56 -52 39 +16 29 16 36 -28 51 +32 5 + 5 27 +28 15 + 9 28 -8 16 +12 25 -59 13 +62 14 +15 4 -62 36 -22 54 +5 22 -10 42 -59 56 +19 39 60 28 -15 40 +74 31 +27 1 + 6 42 -19 34 -26 14 +21 41 +51 30 +38 42 -26 25 + 8 38 12 49 +44 58 +62 13 -5 58 + 9 28 -47 24 -30 6 +14 41 + 5 9 5 27 8 49 6 2 BINath Mintaka Taurus tf Orion AINilam Orion,... 6 1 2 33* 5 17 Columba(dove).. Salph Orion 6 42 '""J" Gemini (twins) k Canis Major Can! s Major 7 27 4 45 3 20 9 19 Canis Minor 6 30 Pollux 8 42 Beta Cancer (crab) . 6 50 5 24 Leo (lion) a 7 4 Eta * Dubhe Ursa Major Leo o 6 41 1 0* 5 9 6 54 4 35 7 18 Southern Cress. . Corvus (crow) Ursa Major Virgo (virgin) w Centaurus Beta 4 13. Spica, 5 40 1 9* 6 42 52* 5 27 5 23 * 7^12 5 4 5 12 Agena 7 45 Alpha Centaurus Libra (scales) =^. Ursa Minor . Northern Crown. Serpent Bearer. . Scorpion in Scorpion m 4 47 7 13 6 20 5 16 4 58 6 58 9 8 7 52 4 58 6 24 5 35 8 22 7 44 6 23 4 54 4 20 7 20 8 34 (Jnuk Beta 6 35 4 24 3 42 7 57 8 54 4 19 6 30 5 19 9 56 10 52 Sagittarius y 3 38* Altair 6 45 Capricorn Cygnus (swan). . Cephus.. Aquarius 4 56 Beta Eni 5 41 6 26 8 26* 4 46 6 39 6 16 5 43 6 33 1 21* 4 6 52 6 17 5 35 6 50 The Crane Pisces Austraiis. * 3 11 7 16 Pisces x. 6 28 Explanation: By the absolute scale of magni- tudes stars brighter than Aldebaran and Altair are indicated by fractional or negative quanti- ties: thus Vega 0.2 and Sirius 1.4. As the magnitudes increase the brilliancy decreases, each increase of a unit being equal to a decrease of. about two and one-half in brightness. To ascertain when any star or constellation will be on tbe upper meridian add the number opposite in the column "For Meridian Passage" to^ the figures in the table on the previous page, "fcidereal Noon,'' taking note whether such fig- ures be "Morn." or "Ee." If "Morn." and the sura is more than I2h. tne result will be Eve. of same day; if "Etc." and the sum is more than Vih. the result will be Morn, of the next day. Having found the time of meridian passage, for the rising subtract and for the setting add the numbers opposite tne star in the column headed "For Rising and Setting" (t) and observe the di- rections as to Morn, and Eve. given for the meridian passage". Those marked ( ) in the last columns are circumpolar. Stars having an asterisk (*) in the last columns are to be seen only in the far south and then when near the meridian, as the vapors of the horizon will pre- vent seeing them wnen tney rise or set. To tell how high up from the nearest point of the hori- zon a star will be at its meridian passage sub- tract the star's decliHation from 90 2 and if the ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Ifesult is less than the latitude of the place of tne observer that star will neither rise nor set. but is circumpolar, and the difference between that result and the latitude shows the star's -altitude above the uorth point of the horizon or below the southern horizon. Or (90 dec.) lat. =alt. or elevation ot tne star above tbu nearest point of the horizon at meridian passage for stars of a southern declination. Examples: Sidereal noon, Oct. 30, 9:27 p.m. Fomalhaut "in Mena." col., 22:48 32:15 Subtract, 24:oo 8:13 p.m. of the 31st, time of meriu- ian passage. iFomalhaut ris.and set. col. add 4:00 for lat. 40 N. v 12:15 = 0:15 a. m. of Nov.l. the time of setting. Fomalhaut, dec. 30 S. 90 30 = 60, 40 = 20, altitude of Fomalhaut in iatitude 40* at its meridian passage. To measure celestial distances with the eye keep in mind that one- tbird of the distance from the zenith to the horizon is 30. For smaller measurements use the belt of Orion, 3 long, or the sides of the square of Pegasus; the "pointers" in the "big dipper," which are nearly 5 apart a convenient celestial yardstick because always to be seen. In the case of a star whose dec. is such as to bring it nearer to the zenith than to a horizon at meridian passage, it will be more conveuient to use its zenith distance as a means of locat- ing it. The difference between the latitude and uec. is this zenitn distance. If the dec. is greater than the latitude then such distance is to be counted northward, otherwise southward from the zenith. OTHER WORLDS AS SEEN FROM OURS IN 1918. THE SUN Almost the entire western continent will be favored in solar eclipses this year. A total eclipse of the sun is one of the most im- pressively sublime events in the realm of nature. In the word eclipse, meaning a failing, as one in a faint, we see a trace of the mental limita- tions of the coiners of the word back near the dawn of reason. When the pointed shadow of the moon is long enough to reach the earth as she swings between us and the sun, it traces * line in a general east and west direction across -continents and oceans, limited in length only l>y the interval between the rising and setting of the sun, and that greatly shortened by the speed of the earth in its diurnal revolution, so that the actual interval is. in this case, re- duced to about 4h. The higher the sun the slower will be the speed of the shadow spot and vice versa. Hence, in this eclipse of June 3J, when the shadow first touches this continent at the northwest corner of the United States, its motion will be slowest, and when it leaves us on the coast of Florida, it will be greatest, being near sundown. Then, too, the width of the belt of totality and also the duration of the total phase will vary with the distance of the moon, -decreasing with increased distance, and in the same eclipse varies with the position of the observer, being smallest where the shadow is most oblique, i. e., near the sunrise and sunset regions. It will also be apparent that the more oblique the shadow the greater will be its longi- tudinal diameter, which would give greater dura- tion but for its consequent vast increase in speed. When the point of the dark shadow does not reach the earth the light shadow or penum- bra yields a partial eclipse, similar to that on either side of the total belt to a distance of "2,000 to 3.000 miles. The duration of totality Will vary from an instant to eight minutes. Dur- ing the early life history of the moon it was much nearer to us than at present, so that total eclipses were of several hours' duration and arctic temperatures followed. Even a brief oclipse will cause a perceptible chill and dew to :form. See under "Eclipses" for the details of the one of June 8. MERCURY See "Planets. Brightest," etc. VENUS Will be the brightest of the starry hosts at the beginning of the year, illuminating the eastern sky like a great electric light hang- ing up in Capricornus. (See "Chart of the Heavens.") When brightest, a small telescope will show only a thin crescent of light, similar to G in the annexed cut. She will diminish in apparent size and light from Jan. 5 until like H as we see the last of her as an evening star, passing between us and the sun. A good time to compare her phase with that of the moon will be Jan. 14-15, when she will be very close to the two or three day old moon and show identically the same phase. The above will be easily understood when compared with the chart "Visibility of the Planets." The fact that she appears forty times larger at C and G than at A is due to her greatly increased distance when on the opposite side of the sun from us. These phases prove to us that Venus is a dark solid body, shining by the reflected light of the sun, as do the moon and our planet the earth, as seen from other worlds. By following the planets as they dodge about among the stars and star groups, or con- stellations, a fair knowledge of the heavens may be obtained. At the first of the year Venus will be in Capricornus and moves east until Jan. 17, when after a brief rest she backs westward past the stars until lost in the light of the sun the last of January. The latter part of Febru- Toward the Sun As seen in the morning As seen in the evening west of sun. east of sun. A. Fifteen days before superior conjunction with the sun, or early in November, 1918. B. At greatest elongation west of the sun, April 21. C. When brightest as a morning star, March 16. D. Just after inferior conjunction with the sun, Feb. 15-20. E. Fifteen days after superior conjunction with the sun. Dec. 8. F. At greatest elongation east of the sun (not in 1918). G. When brightest as an evening star, Jan. 3-8. H. Just before inferior conjunction with the sun, or about Feb. 1. ary she appears on the other (west) side of the sun as a morning star; stationary March 1, and reaches her full glory as a morning star March 16, appearing as in C, having passed within 2 of the moon and again showing the same phase. April 2 she will be 3 north of Uranus, affording a most excellent opportunity of seeing and identifying this remote planet, using an opera glass or small telescope ; to see him unaided is a good eye test; look out from a dark room. She reaches her greatest angular distance from the sun 46 April 21 and crosses the prime meridian of the heavens May S, pass- ing 6 south of the moon on May 7 and again on June 5 as she enters Aries. From June 21 to 26 she will be gliding along just south of th 30 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Pleiades and on July 5 will be 4 north of Aldebaran with the moon 3 south; July 27 % 6outh of Jupiter in Gemini, in a rich star field- Castor. Pollux and Procyon to the left, Sirius south, Betelgeuse to the right and below, while Capella is higher. Aug. 4 the moon passes 1 suth of her and Venus will again be in conjunc- tion with the moon Sept. 3. On the morning of Sept. 5 she will almost eclipse Saturn; their nearest approach will occur while they are about 1 hour below the horizon, but they will be strikingly close when rising a most charming and unusual sight. Sept. 10 she will be only 1 north of the brilliant Regulus, in the end of the handle of the Sickle, rising about 1 hour before the sun and from this on her path lies too near the sun for good seeing. MARS Will be an attractive object in the evening skies throughout most of the year, being in eastern Leo at first, about midway be- tween Regulus and Denebola. He will increase in brilliancy and rise earlier in the evening until March 15, and will be practically an all- night star throughout March. He advances past the stars until Feb. 4. when he becomes sta- tionary and then retrogrades until stationary again, April 27, and then advances the remainder of the year, passing his point of nearest ap- proach to the earth March 18, when brightest and very close to his position at the beginning of the year; Aug. 4 only 4 north of Spica and Aug. 25 3 south of Arcturus; Oct. 12-13 3 north of Antares ; traverses the Milky Way Nov. 1-20, and keeps close company with the Milkmaid's Dipper in Sagittarius to the end of the month, being very dim at the close of the year. To an inhabitant of Mars the earth pre- sents all the phases that the moon and Venus do to us, provided the Martians have the tele- scopes with which tP view them. JUPITER Will be most favorably situated dur- ing the first part and last of the year; dim in May and invisible in June. When at his best he will be in the most interesting star field in the heavens between the Pleiades on the west and the brilliants Castor and Pollux on the east ; in conjunction with the moon Jan. 22, Feb. 18, March 17 and April 14, being from 1 to 4 south; visible in the evening twilight, he will be mid- way between Aldebaran and El Nath and in line with Sirius and Betelgeuse. In August he will again be seen, but as a morning star and much nearer Castor and Pollux just to the east, Procyon and Sirius to the south and the glories of Orion to the southwest. On Oct. 25, Nov. 25 and Dec. 19 the moon will pass about 5 south of him, being almost at his brightest and an all-night star at the close of the year. SATURN Will be most favorably situated in January and February, when brightest and an all-night star, when in the midst of very inter- esting star groups and constellations: The ma- jestic Sickle close to the left, the Beehive or Pra?sepe to the right and that galaxy of celestial brilliants Castor. Pollux, Procyon and Sirius still farther to the right and below. His mar- velously beautiful ring system, while steadily working into less favorable position for visi- bility, may still be seen fairly well, their in- clination being from 11 to 15, against a maxi- mum of 28 ; their southern surface being pre- sented to our view. URANUS AND NEPTUNE See under Venus for a favorable time to catch Uranus early in April, but no such good mark for Neptune. Look for him about 1 south of the rich star clus- ter Praesepe in January and February. HUNTER'S AND HARVEST MOON. The full moon nearest to Sept. 21 is popularly known as the "harvest moon.'* This is because the moon then rises for several consecutive eve- nings at nearly the same hour, giving an un- usual number of moonlight evenings. This is the most noticeable in the higher latitudes and quite disappears at the equator. The "hunter's moon" is the first full moon following the harvest moon. FACTS ABOUT THE SUN AND PLANETS. y. Diameter, Distance from Period of JName. milef. mm, miles. reT.,dayg. un 866.400 .. Mercury 3.030 36.000.000 88 Venus 7i700 67.200.000 225 Earth 7,918 92,900.000 365 Mars 4,230 141,500.000 687 Jupiter 86,500 483,300,000 4.333 Saturn 73,000 886.000.000 10.759 Lranus 31.900 1,781,900.000 30.687 Neptune 34,800 2,791,600,000 60,181 The sun's surface is 12,000 and its volume 1,300,000 times that of the earth, but the mass is only 332,000 times as great and its density about one-quarter that of the earth. The force of gravity at the surface of the sun Is twentv-seven times greater than that at the surface of the earth. The sun rotates on its axis once in 25 3 clays at the equator, but the time is longer in the higher latitudes, from which fact it is pre- sumed that the sun is not solid, at least as to its surface. THE EARTH AND THE MOON. Earth The equatorial diameter of the earth is 7,926.5 miles and the polar diameter 7.899 5 miles; equatorial circumference, 25.000. The lin- ear velocity of the rotation of the earth on its axis at the equator is 24.840 miles a dav. or 1.440 teet a second; its velocity in its orbit around the sun is approximately nineteen miles a sec- ond, the length of the orbit being about 560.000.- 000 miles. The superficial area of the earth, according to Encke, the astronomer, is 197.108.580> square miles, of which two-thirds is water and one-third land. The planetary mass is about 256,000,000 cubic miles. Moon The moon has a diameter of 2.162 miles, a circumference of about 6.800 miles and a sur- face area of 14,685,000 square miles. Her mean distance from the earth is 238.840 miles. The volume of the moon is about l-49th that of the earth and the density about 3% that of water. Tfoe time from new moon to new moon is 29 days 12 hours 44.05 minutes. The moon has no atmosphere and no water and is a dead world. Light travels at the rate of 186.300 miles per second. It requires 8 minutes and 8 seconds for light to come from the sun to the earth. ECLIPSES IN THE YEAR 1918. There will be three eclipses this year, as fol- lows: ' I. Total of the sun on the afternoon of June 8, visible as a partial eclipse throughout North America. In the United States the total phase will be visible from the state of Washington to Florida, in a belt about 120 miles wide at the west end and 50 at the east. From an elevation the moon's shadow may be seen ad- vancing eastward over this track at terrific speed, making the 3,000 miles in forty-seven min- utes. The speed will be least on the Pacific coast and greatest on the Atlantic. Along the Atlantic seaboard the sun will set more or less eclipsed. South of belt of totality the northern limb of the sun will be eclipsed and north of it the southern, and the size will decrease with the distance, about one digit, or one-twelfth of the diameter of the sun, every 240 miles. The cut shows the appearance of the sun with different numbers of digits eclipsed on either limb. Figure 1 Appearance of the sun with 9 to 11 digits of the northern limb eclipsed. The 9 digit size will show through southern Texas and northern Mexico, southern Arizona, New Mexico and California ; the 10 digit size in cen- tral Texas, New Mexico, Nevada and northern California ; the 11 digit in southern Florida, Mis- sissippi, Louisiana, northern Texas, Utah, Ne- vada, Oregon and southern Mississippi, Okla- homa. Colorado and Idaho. Figure 2 Appearance of the sun with from 6 to 11 digits of the southern limb eclipsed. The 6 digit size will show in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont ; the 7 digit in New England and northern New York; 8 digits in New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, ,upper Mich- ALMANAC AND YEAR BOOK FOR 1918. 31 igan, Wisconsin, the Dakotas, Montana and northern Minnesota ; 9 digit size in the Virginias, Ohio, northern Indiana and Illinois, southern Michigan, Wisconsin, the Dakotas and Montana ; the 10 digit size in the Carolinas, Kentucky, FIG.1 TIG.2 Tennessee, southern Indiana, Illinois, northern Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, Montana ; the 11 digit size in northern Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Kansas, southern Missouri, Nebraska, northern Wyoming, Idaho and Washington. Following is the standard time of the total eclipse and the names of the more important places within or very near the zone of the total eclipse: _ , Mount Olympus, Anderson and Grays Harbor in northwest Washington, 2:55; passes over Ta- coma, Olympia, Mounts Rainier, St. Helena, Adams, etc., and reaches the Yakima Indian reservation at 3:00; crosses the Columbia river into Oregon at The Dalles, leaving Walla City. Begins. New York 5:32 p. m. Chicago 4:25 p. m. Boston 5:32 p. m. San Francisco 1:50 p. Charleston 5:39 p New Orleans 4 :40 p St. Louis 4:27 p Washington ;j:34 p Denver 3 :12 p. m. Seattle 1:35 p. m. *At sunset. tSets eclipsed. TVL I PT 1 O x Walla close on the north, and reaches Baker City at 3:05; crosses the Snake river into Idaho at Huntington and -Boise at 4:06-8, and reaches the southeast corner of the state at 4:15; crosses the two northeast corners of Utah and the south- west corner of Wyoming and reaches the north- west corner of Colorado at 4:20. leaving Salt Lake City and Ggden just to the south ; thence over the mountains of northwest Colorado at Leadville, Denver, Boulder, Longmont, Cripple Creek and Colorado Springs at 4:24; Cheyenne, Laramie, Wyo., are close on the north and Trini- dad, Pueblo, Col., on the south; enters Kansas near Tribune, passes over Dodge City and reaches Medicine Lodge at 5:30; enters Okla- homa near Alva and Ingersoll, reaching Guthrie at 5:32 and the Arkansas line at Waldron, south of Fort Smith, at 5:35, Oklahoma City being close to or on the south boundary, and Arkansas City and Tulsa on the north; passes across Arkansas to Gi3enville on the Mississippi river at 5:37, with Hot Springs close to the north ; Little Rock and Pine Bluff but a trifle off and Texarkana a little farther south; crosses Mississippi to Me- ridian at 5:38, with Columbus and Winona just north and Jackson and Vicksburg just south of the line ; enters Alabama at Healing Springs at 5:39, leaving Mobile just to the south, and reaches the northwest corner of Florida at 5:40; sweeps across western Florida in one minute, and to Cedar Keys in one more, entering the At- lantic just south of Cape Canaveral at 5:42, De Funiak Springs, Leesburg and Orlando being near the middle of the path and Gainesville and DeLand just north of it. while Brooksville and Dade City are close to the south line. The different phases will be visible as follows: Middle. 6:29 p. m. 5:25 p. m. Sets in 2:58 p. m. 6:36 p. 5:38 p. m. 5:27 p. m. 6:27 p. m. 4:25 p. m. 2:51 p. PATH THE TOTAL ECLIPSE OF JUNE PHASE IN THE 1918, AND THE SIZE UNITED STATES. II. Partial of the moon June 24, the moon set- | a very small eclipse on the southern limb of ting in eclipse in eastern United States and be- the moon 1.6 digits, ginning at 4:46 a. m., eastern standard time; I III. Annular of sun Dec. 3. invisible in U. S. 32 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. VISIBILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS IN 1918 9 Venus Cf M qVs Jupiter F? Saturn E ve. Star Morn Star tve. Star Morn. Star Eve. Star Morn. Star Eve. Star Morn. Star 1 JAN. II Bi 4' C (TtST \ :x X XX V VQR^ BI!IC YCi / J. "J n t _/ R IS "J R Hi. 1 "j \ / f *U m ct|n jfe^T 21 _fc^ 1 x ! \. / i <>o erto | > \Uf < :,tm, lt ft \ V / L_ Iris. p\ SjUN SEJT i TEB. II 1 aT i i j ! \ MnfA 1 6 PM 1 V / 21 \ XJZ 1 31 ;t: i \ja^KkT 1 n 22! c 3 1 MCH, II CI wife ^ . it UJ.KBIT T> R L / ,T j W "* ' \ - 1 3ie*' ir At a in; M ; V V -A- 21 Zt-.-.r- 8 itGHTKSfT V \ 5 A i 1 -ttllt J \ L APR. II t & W. 21 ._ I 1 f . V \ 1 21 . \l CIS 3iM. \ lmeRO\{6l!M. Mo a V 1 \ ' j MAY II | 1" _ A >L st4\ AT MIOM CM T 21 ~ 4 t ' \ | \ 1 ^ 4-4 \ IK tftS 1 1 \ JUNE II -L - i / 6. oj 9 M * r- 5 IS' " :xj_i 21 SBT3 vjn Whi s V* X^- 1 1 x I V "1 T I i! JULY II I 1 1 " (1 \ i i . 1 21 L t X | wvjs.|\l [ 1 , F if* I *1 Si \ h* hr 3 1 w iA! z I AUG. 1 1 f "? 4 V> 1 i4 b f w 21 .~ 1*1 1 Y kJ I si:t >vrrw \-rnt sluw- g 1 . . z _^ & r F \ I SEPT. 11 P V \ j _ a. : *r; .-.ltj;_ iE 9C wo IF > y r- j i It. &.! ' J" ~::fs: lit 7, n w DT \ u w ' \ , , 1 k) CCT. 1 1 g / : ~~-Iff T it i n J* R6 A* V* \ i u I. \ "i * ! 21 / jr ] / Xr- \ i i 1 : " f 1 \ NOV. II _ li / v iWO 21 st: \ ei ai i.oe i^r* X / \ iMtRID. |6A^ l V l 1 i 1 , ~x n 1 ~r 7 \!v ! / , X / 1. / It. | ttc. 2| - / x -Ull. N ICH T s M ? V U; ' S U. JU- . ,_ ,: .. . ** LHLl / N tApn f ' T Bf IC HT :s 1 / ^u 1 Explanation: The light spaces represent one hour each and show the approximate time and extent of visibility, and with the superior planets, the comparative degree of brilliancy also. Thus Venus will be less than two hours east of the sun Jan. 1; between us and the sun in February ; at greatest distance west of the sun April 21, etc. ; Mars, twelve hours from the sun March 15, rising at sunset, brightest and shining all night and close to the sun thd last of the year. THE PLANETS. Morning stars, west of the sun Mercury, Jan. 13-23 and Sept. 18-28, rising at early dawn, near where the sun will later rise ; Venus, from Feb. 10 to Nov. 23; Mars, not this year; Jupiter, from June 13 to Oct. 8; Saturn, from Aug. 11 to Nov. 21. Evening stars, east tff the sun Mercury, March 21 to 31 and Dec. 1 to 10, setting at close of twilight ; Venus, until Feb. 10 and after Nov. 23 ; Mars, all the year ; Jupiter, until June 15 and after Oct. 8; Saturn, until Aug. 11 and after Nov. 21. Brightest or best seen Mercury, within the time limits mentioned as an evening and morn- ing star ; Venus, Jan. 1 to 10 as an evening star and March 11 to 21 as a morning star ; Mars, in March ; Jupiter, not at his very brightest during the year, but best seen in December, being opposite the sun and brightest in January, 1919; 'Saturn, Jan. 15 to Feb. 15, being at opposition Jan. 31 ; Uranus, in August ; Neptune, in January. All-night stars or planets Only superior planets, those outside the orbit of the earth, can gain positions opposite the sun, rising at sunset and 'shining all night. These in 1918 are: Mars, in March, being at opposition March 15 ; Jupiter, not this year, but very close to it in December; Saturn, Jan. 15 to Feb. 15, at op- position Jan. 31 ; Uranus, during August, oppo- sition Aug. 19 ; Neptune, January-February. Invisible or very dim Mercury, at all other times than within the time limits stated above when an evening or morning star and brightest; Venus, Fob. 5 to 15, being at inferior conjunction Feb. 10, also Nov. 20 to 25, when at superior con- junction ; Mars, not at all unless at the very last of the year ; Jupiter, in June, being ia conjunction with the sun June 15 ; Saturn, in August, being at conjunction Aug. 11, and Neptune and Uranus always. SIGNS AND CONSTELLATIONS OF THE ZODIAC. Until recently it was taken for granted that the present relationship between signs and con- stellations of the zodiac was generally under- stood, as all astronomical textbooks mention ttieir disagreement and explain the cause. The numerous letters of inquiry concerning differ- ences between the data in this almanac and cer- tain others show the necessity for this note of explanation. (Both sign and constellation now given.) Thousands of years ago when the zodiac, that belt of the heavens about 16 in width within which move the moon and planets, was formed and divided into twelve parts or seasons called signs, each containing certain star groups called constellations, each was given the name of an object or animal which never did bear any rela- tionship to the configuration of the stars in that group r division, but which did or is supposed ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918- to have reference to certain astronomical or other facts. Thus Libra = , the scales or bal- ance, comes at the autumnal equinox when there Is an equilibrium or balance between the length of day and night the world over. Aquarius. , the water-bearer, whose sign is the Egyptian sign for running water, comes at the season of greatest rains in Egypt, and so on. Since the time when these divisions were made and named, owing to the precession of the equi- noxes, resulting from the differing polar and equatorial diameters of the earth, the signs have moved back west nearly a whole division or con- stellation and where T was the first, M now Is. Hence, though the sun now enters the sign T March 20. it is a month later when he enters the constellation T . It must be apparent, therefore. that any supposed influence or relationship which early astrologers attributed to the position of the sun, moon or planets when in certain of these divisions can no longer exist, as the sign now only represents that space or division of the zodiac where the controlling constellation was 2,000 or more years ago, but is not now. Never- theless, some almanacs still give the signs for the moon's place, which is very misleading to those who attempt to follow her in her course among the stars. Hence, this almanac gives both and discards the ancieat picture of the disemboweled man as a relic of the age of super- stition. The sign is retained for sun's place in connection with the seasons and sun's path through the zodiac each month because of Its re- lationship to the equinoxes and solstices. EASTER SUNDAY DATES. 1850 March 31 1851 April 20 1852 April 11 1853 March 27 1854 April 1C 1855 April 8 1856 March 23 1857 April 12 1858 April 4 1>859 April 24 1860 April 8 1861 March 31 1862 April 20 1863 April 5 1864 March 27 1865 April 16 1866 April 1 1867 April 21 1868 April 12 1869 March 28 1870 April 17 1871 April 9 1872 March 31 1873 April 13 1874 April 5 1875 March 28 1876 April 16 1877 April 1 1878 April 21 1879 April 13 1880 March 28 1881 April 17 1882 April 9 1883 March 25 1S84 April 13 1885 April 5 1886 April 25 1887 April 10 1888 April 1 1889... April 21 1890 April 6 1891 March 29 1892 April 17 1893 April 2 1894 March 25 1895 April 14 1896 April 5 1897 April 18 1898 April 10 1899 April 2 1900 April 15 1901 April 7 1902 March 30 1903 April 12 1904 April 3 1905 April 23 1906 April 15 1907 March 31 1908 April 19 1909 April 11 1910 March 27 1911 April 16 1912 April 7 1913 March 23 1914 April 12 1915 April 4 1916 April 23 1917 April 8 1935 April 21 1936 April 13 1937 March 28 1938 April 17 1939 April 9 1940 March 24 1941 April 13 1942 April 5 1943 April 25 1944 April 9 1945 April 1 1946 April 21 1947 April 6 1948 March 28 1949 April 17 1950 April 9 1918 March 31 1919 April 20 1920 April 4 1921 March 27 1922 April 16 1923 April 1 1924 April 20 1925 April 12 1926 April 4 1927 April 17 1928 April 8 1929 March 31 1930 April 20 1931 April 5 1932 March 27 1933 April 16 1934 April 1 The earliest date on which Easter Sunday has fallen within a century was March 22, 1818. As will be seen from the above table, it fell on March 23 in 1856 and 1913. The time of the cele- bration of the principal church days which de- pend upon Easter is as follows: Days. Before Easter. Septuagesima Sunday 9 weeks First Sunday in Lent 6 weeks Ash Wednesday (beginning of Lent) 46 days Palm Sunday 8 days After Easter. Rogation Sunday 5 weeks Ascension Day (Holy Thursday) 40 days Pentecost (Whitsunday) 7 weeks Trinity Sunday 8 weeks UNITED STATES PASSPORT REGULATIONS. Passports are issued to citizens of the United States upon application to the state department in Washington. The application must be accom- panied by an affidavit, attested by a notary pub- lic or other officer empowered to administer oaths, stating that the applicant is a citizen and giv- ing the place of birth and age, and it must be accompanied by the certificate of one other citi- zen to whom he is personally known that the declaration made by the applicant is true. The application must also be accompanied by a de- scription of the person, particularly as to age. height, complexion, forehead, eyes. nose, mouth, chin, hair and face. Blank forms are furnished by the state department upon application. The fee for each passport is $1. Citizens traveling abroad may also in some cases obtain passports by applying to United States ambassadors and ministers. Where any person has made a decla- ration of intention to become a citizen of the United States and has resided in the United States for three years a passport valid for six months may be issued to him. Owing to the war the state department was obliged in June, 1917, to issue stricter regula- tions governing the issue of passports. Ap- plicants for passports Avere required to send in their applications so long in advance as to per- mit them to be held in the department one week, if deemed necessary, for examination. It was announced that during the continuation of the war passports would not be issued to naturalized American citizens within a period of six months after they have obtained natural- ization, except m cases of extraordinary emer- gency. Such exceptions would not be made in cases of persons dosiring to go abroad on commercial business. FOREIGN* STANDARDS OF TIME. Central meridian. Fast or slow on Greenwich. Central meridian. Fast or slow on Greenwich. Japan Degrees. 135 east 64+ west 81+ west 30 east 22^ east 15 east 30 east H.M.S. 9 00 00 fast 000 00 3 51 38. 8 slow 5 2415 slow 2 00 00 fast 130 00 fast 1 00 00 fast 2 00 00 fast Degrees. 120 east 142^ east 172}^ east 1-150 east 30 east H. M. 8 00 fast Spain*.. .. Argentina 11 30 fast Ecuador Victoria Natal Cape Colony 10 00 f ast Mid-Europe Egypt Eastern Europe 2 00 fast In Spain the hours are counted from to 24, avoiding the use of a. m. and p. m. 34 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. TIME AND STANDARDS OF TIME. Various kinds of time are in use in this coun- try: 1. Astronomical Time or Mean Solar Time This is reckoned from noon through the twenty-four hours of the day and is used mainly by astro- nomical observatories and in official astronomical publications. It is the legal time of the domin- ion of Canada, though "standard" and "mean" time are in general use there as in this country. 2. Mean Local Time This is the kind that was in almost universal use prior to the introduction of standard time. This time was based upon the time when the mean sun* crosses the meridian, and the day begins at midnight. When divided into civil divisions years, mouths, weeks, days, etc. it is sometimes called civil time. 3. Standard Time For the convenience of the railroads and business in general a standard of time was established by mutual agreement in 1883 and by this calculation trains are now run and local time is regulated. By this system the United States, extending from 65 to 125 west longitude, is divided into four time sections, each of 15 of longitude, exactly equivalent to one hour (7% or 30m. on each side of a meridian), commencing with the 75th meridian. The first or eastern section includes all territory between the Atlantic coast and an irregular line drawn from Buffalo to Charleston. S. C, the latter city being its southernmost point. The second or central section includes all the territory between thia eastern line and another irregular line extending from Bismarck, N. D., to the mouth of the Rio Grande. The third or mountain section includes all the territory between the last named line and nearly the western borders of Idaho, Nevada and Arizona. The fourth or Pacific section includes all the territory of the United States between the boundary of the mountain section and the Pacific coast. Inside of each of these sections standard time is uniform and the time of each section differs from that next to it by exactly one hour, as shown on the map. Owing to the eccentricity of the earth's orbit and the inclination of the equator to the eclip- tic, the apparent motion of the sun is retarded or accelerated according to the earth's place in its orbit. Hence, to take the actual sun as a guide would necessitate years, days and their subdivisions of unequal length. Therefore an im- aginary or "mean sun" was invented. The dif- ference between apparent and mean time is- called the "equation of time" and may amount to a quarter of an hour in twenty-four hours. It is the difference between the figures in "Sun at noon mark" column in calendar and twelve hours. The figures on a correct sun dial give the ap- parent time. STANDARDS OF TIME. The following is the table of times, based upon the meridians used by the United States and Canada: Name of Time. Degrees. Central meridian from Greenwich. Nearest place. 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 157^ 4 hours west 5 hours west.... ... 6 hours west 7 hours west 8 hours west 9 hours west 10 hours west 10 hrs. 31 mm. west. AboutoJ^degrees east of Halifax, N.8. Between New York and Philadelphia St. Louis and New Orleans. Pacific \}*> degrees east of Sacramento, Cal. Sitka U degree east of Sitka, Alaska. \i degree west of the island of Tahiti Near center of Molokai. Tahiti H awaii an It is obvious that to express the time of rising and setting of the sun and moon in standard time would limit the usefulness of such data to the single point or place for which it was com- puted, while in mean time it is practically cor- rect for places as widely separated as the width of the continent, and persons having obtained the mean time by the rising or setting of the sun or moon may easily ascertain the correct' standard time of any event by making use of the following table and map: To obtain standard time, add Standard Correc- or tion, City. division. Min. Albany, N. T. Eastern. .Sub. 5 Austin. Texas Central.. .Add 31 Baltimore, Md. Eastern. Add 6 Baton Rouge, La. Cent. .Add 4 Bismarck. N. D. Cent. .Add 43 Boston, Mass. Eastern. .Sub. 16 Buffalo. N. Y. Eastern.. Add 16 Burlington, Iowa Cent.. Add 5 Cairo. 111. Central Sub. 3 Charleston. S. C East.. Add 20 Chicago, 111. Central.... Sub. 10 Cincinnati. O. Central. .Sub. 22 Cleveland. O. Central. ..Sub, 33 Columbia, S. C Eastern.Add 24 Columbus. O. Central... Sub. 28 Dayton, O. Central Sub. 23 Denver. Col. Mountain.. Add Des Moines, la. Central. Add 14 Detroit. Mich. Central . .Sub. 28 Dubuque, Iowa Central,. Add 3 Duluth. Minn. Central.. Add 9 Erie, Pa. Central Sub. 39 Evansville. In d. Central. Sub. 10 Ft. Gibson, Ch. N. Cent.Add 21 Fort Smith. Ark. Cent, .Add 19 Fort Wayne, Ind. Cent. Sub. 20 Galena. 111. Central Add 2 Galveston, Tex. Central . Add 19 Gr. Haven. Mich. Cent.Sub. 15 STANDARD TIME TABLE. or subtract the figures given to Standard Correc- or tion. City. division. Min. Harrisburg. Pa. Eastern.Add 7 Houston. Tex. Central. . Add 21 Huntsville. Ala. Cent.. .Sub. 12 Indianapolis, Ind. Cent.. Sub. 16 Jackson, Miss. Central. .Add 1 Jacksonville. Fla. Cent. Sub. 33 Janesville, Wis. Cent. . .Sub. 4 Jefferson City, Mo. Cent.Add 9 Kansas City, Mo. Cent. .Add 19 Keokuk. Iowa Central... Add 6 Knoxville. Tenn. Cent. .Sub. 24 LaCrosse, Wis. Central. .Add 5 Lawrence, Kas. Central. Add 21 Lexington, Ky. Central.. Sub. 23 Little Rock. Ark. Cent.. Add 9 Louisville. Ky. Central.. Sub. IS Lynchburg, Va. Eastern.Add 17 Memphis, Tenn. Cent... Sub. Milwaukee. Wis. Cent... Sub. 8 Mobile. Ala. Central Sub. S Montgomery. Ala. Cent. .Sub. 15 Nashville. Tenn. Cent... Sub. 13 N. Haven, Conn. East.. Sub. 8 New Orleans, La. Cent.. Add New York. N. Y. East. Sub. 4 Norfolk, Va. Eastern Add 5 Ogdensburg, N. Y. East. Add 2 Omaha, Neb. Central Add 24 local time. Standard Correc- or tion. City. division. Min. Pensacola. Fla. Central. Sub. It Philadelphia. Pa. East. .Add 1 Pittsburgh, Pa. Eastern.. Add 20 Portland. Me. Eastern. .Sub. 19 Providence, R. I. East.. Sub. 14 Quincy, 111. Central Add 6 Raleigh, N. C Eastern., Add 15 Richmond, Va. Eastern. Add 10 Rochester, N. Y. East.. Add 11 Rock Island. 111. Cent... Add 3 S. Francisco, Cal. Pac.Add 10 Santa Fe.N.M. Mountain. Add 4 Savannah. Ga. Central. .Sub. 88 Shreveport. La. Central. Add 18 Springfield. 111. Central.. Sub. 2 St. Joseph, Mo. Cent.... Add 19 St. Louis, Mo. Central.. Add 1 St. Paul. Minn. Cent... Add 12 Superior City, Wis. Cent.Add 8 Syracuse, N. Y. East.. .Add 5 Toledo. O. Central ...... Sub. 20 Trenton. N. J. Eastern. Sub. 1 Utica, N. Y. Eastern Add 1 Washington. D. C East, Add 8 Wheeling, W. Va. East.. Add 23 Wilmington. Del. East.. Add 2 Wilmington, N. C East. Add 18 Yankton. S. D. Central. Add 29 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 35 The heavy dotted lines show the arbitrary i standard time. Example: Chicago is 2% east of (standard) divisions of time in the United States. The plus and minus marks on either side of the meridian lines show whether it is necessarv to add to or subtract from the mean time of points east or west of these lines to arrive at actual tho 90th meridian; therefore Chicago local time W2 X 4 = 10 to be subtracted from mean time to = standard time, and for Boston standard (eastern) time, 16m. must be subtracted from mean time. DIFFERENCE IN TIME. When it is 12 o'clock noon Monday in New York, N. Y., or other places having eastern time, the corresponding time in the cities named below is Aden, Arabia 8:00 p. Amsterdam, Holland 5:20p. m Apia, Samoa , 5:33 a. m Berlin, Germany 5:53 p. m Bern, Switzerland 5:29 p.m., Monday Bombay, India 9:51p.m., Monday Bremen, Germany 5:33 n. m. Brussels, Belgium 5:17 p.m. Calcutta, India 10:53 p.m. Chicago, 111 *ll:00 a. m. Christiania, Norway 5:42 p.m. City of Mexico, Mexico 10:24 a.m. Colon. Panama 11 :40 a. m. Constantinople. Turkey 6:56 p.m. Copenhagen, Denmark 5:40p.m. Denver, Colorado f 10:00 a. m. Dublin. Ireland 4:34 p.m. Edinburgh, Scotland 4:47 p.m.. Hamburg, Germany 5:10 p.m. Havana. Cuba 11:30 a. m. Havre, France 5:00p.m. Hongkong, China 12:37 a. m. Honolulu. Hawaii 6:29 a.m. Note The place where ''the day begins" or where dates are changed by navigators is at or near the 180th degree of longitude. Here an irregular line has been drawn from north to south which is called the "international date line." It is not straight because in case it Monday Monday Tuesday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday Tuesday Monday Lisbon, Portugal 5:00 p.m.. Liverpool, England 4:48 p.m., London, England 5:00 p.m., Madrid, Spain 4:45 p.m., Manila, Philippines 1:0 Melbourne, Australia 2:3 Paris, France 5:0 Pekin, China 12:4 SPetrograd, Russia 7 :01 p. m Pretoria, South Africa 6:55 p. m li ! . Monday Monday Monday Monday Tuesday Tuesday Monday Tuesday Monday Monday Rome. Italy 5:49p.m., Monday Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2:07 p.m., Monday San Francisco, Cal $9:00 a. m., Monday San Juan, Porto Rico 12:35 p.m.. Monday Sitka, Alaska 7:58a.m., Monday Stockholm, Sweden 6:12 p.m., Monday Sydney, New South Wales.. 3:04 a. m., Tuesday The Hague. Holland 5:17 p.m., Monday Tokyo. Japan 2:18 a. m., Tuesday Valparaiso, Chile 12:i3 p. m., Monday Vienna, Austria 6:05 p.m., Monday Yokohama, Japaa 2:19 a. m., Tuesday Same in all places having central time, tin all places having mountain time. Jin all places having Pacific time. St. Petersburg; name offi- cially changed in 1914. crossed an island it would have different dates on each side of the line. The date line was located in the mid-Pacific by general agreement because it would cause the least confusion and because it was twelve hours from Greenwich. COAST LINE OF THE UNITED STATES. Atlantic coast 1.773 Gulf coast 1,607 Porto Rico 269 Pacific coast 1,571 Alaska 4,123 In nautical miles. Hawaiian islands Guam Midway Samoan islands Northern lakes and rivers.. Western rivers 4,344 Total 17,539 Philippines .11.444 Grand total 28,983 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. WEATHER FORECASTS AND SIGNALS. The operations of the weather bureau of the department of agriculture are based on observa- tions of the weather taken at about 200 observa- tories throughout the United States at the same moment or time and telegraphed daily to Wash- ington, D. C, and to other important cities. These observations, comprising barometric pres- sure, temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds, are entered upon outline charts of the United States by means of symbols, forming the "daily weather map," from which the forecasts are made. These forecasts are issued every day for every state in the union, and whenever nec- essary special warnings are sent out of storms. frosts, cold waves, heavy snows and floods. In addition to the main offlce in Washington, there are subordinate forecast centers in Chicago, New Orleans, Denver, San Francisco and Portland, Ore. Weather forecasts for a week in advance are now sent out from Washington. The forecasts are first telegraphed to about 2,300 principal distributing points, whence they are further disseminated by telegraph, telephone and through the mail by means of forecast cards, rural free delivery slips and newspapers. It is estimated that the total number of per- sons in the United States to whom the weather forecasts are available is more than 4.000.000. No. 4. No. 5. Black triangu- White flag with black square in center. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3 No. 4. No. 5. White flag. Blue flag. White and blue Black triangu- White flag with black flag. lar flag. square in center. p as U r (3 Clear or fair weather. BLUE Rain or snow. Local rain or snow. WEATHER FLAGS. Temperature. Cold wave. When No. 4 is placed above No. 1, 2 or 3 it I about stationary. During the late spring and indicates warmer; when below, colder; when not early fall the cold-wave flag is used to indicate displayed, the temperature is expected to remain I anticipated frosts. Small craft. Northwest winds. Southwest winds. Northeast winds. Southeast winds. "Hurricane" signal STORM-WARNING FLAGS. Small craft warning A red pennant indicates that moderately strong winds are expected. Storm warnings A red flag with a black cen ter indicates that a storm of marked violence is expected. The pennants displayed with the flags indicate the direction of the wind: Red, east- erly; white, westerly (from southwest to north). The pennant above the flag indicates that the wind is expected to blow from the northerly quadrants; below, from southerly quadrants. By night a red light indicates easterly winds and a white light above a red light westerly winds. Two red flags, with black centers, displayed one above the other, indicate the expected ap- proach of tropical hurricanes, and also of those extremely severe and dangerous storms which occasionally move across the lakes and northern Atlantic coast. Hurricane warnings are not dis- played at night. TORNADOES IN CENTRAL WEST AND SOUTH. Tornadoes swept through portions of Kansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas and Alabama May 25, 26 and 27, 1917, killing more than 200 persons, injuring 800 or 900 others and destroying property valued at several million dollars. The first severe storm reported was on the 25th, when twenty-six persons were killed at Andale, Kas. On the 26th a heavy wind and rain storm, taking in some places the form of tornadoes, passed through the central part of Illinois. The places hardest hit were Mattoon and Charleston in Coles county. In Mattoon sixty-one persons were killed, while in Charles- ton thirty-three lives were lost and 300 persons were injured. The injured in Mattoon numbered between 300 and 500. Mattoon had 682 houses wrecked and 2,738 persons made homeless. The Froperty loss there was placed at about $1,000,000. n Charleston, where 400 houses were destroyed, the property loss was $750,000. Some 2,500 per- sons were made homeless. Relief was prompt and generous, coming in the shape of carloads of food from adjoining towns, clothing, tents, blankets, medicine, medi- cal attendance and guards for protection. Red Cross and other agencies contributed help of various kinds and cash donations were sent from the larger cities, while the legislature made an appropriation to help an the work of rehabilita- tion. Immediate aid was given by the people of Mattoon and Charleston whose residences es- caped the storm and the victims were sheltered, fed and clothed until they were able to help themselves or get assistance from other sources. On the 27th another series of storms passed through parts of Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas and Alabama, killing 160 persons and injuring about 550. In Clinton, Ky., twenty-five persons were killed and seventy-five injured. Sixteen were killed on the plantation of Syd L. Dodds, near Hickman, and thirteen lost their lives in the vicinity of Bondurant. In Fulton county, the southwestern tip of Kentucky, sixty-six per- sons were killed and more than 100 injured. In Alabama the mining camps at Sayre, Bradford and Carbon Hill reported forty-six fatalities, and in Tennessee Tipton, Dyer and Carroll counties reported thirty-four dead. In Missis- sippi county, Arkansas, across the Mississippi river from the Tennessee and Kentucky counties swept by the storm, ten were killed. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. P DANISH WEST INDIES UNDER AMERICAN FLAG. Jleci-v^ pio*ris t&c Si &ttt,Ctic<%, tde. *x+wo$ $2?,i ', OOO, 000<^o &S, *v +va*rci+vt ek,t\ **%*. vxt of . Wv4- cvUaation of tile C]0VCT+i**t<**t c] k&c ^XZ*tXtc^ &tv6*vlo*t- a**%>e4+f tile *%ltlt& S-tatcv -cvn*S iWm%wi&c6 'f*t\ -a+f (Ret -cjp 0^*%r'l&e a, tewp<*t &*+*A%*S *~& *l*Xc*~, <*+* few**** i*""!*****? FACSIMILE OF DENMARK'S RECEIPT FOR $25,000,000 PAID FOR WEST INDIAN ISLANDS. [Copyright, 1917, Harris & Ewing.] The Danish West Indies, now known as the Virgin Islands of the United States, were for- mally transferred from Danish to American sovereignty on Saturday, March 31. 1917. In Washington, D. C, the secretary of the treasury, William G. McAdoo, paid to Coustantin Brun, the Danish minister, $25,000,000, the sum stipu- lated in the treaty providing for the sale as the purchase price. News of the transaction was telegraphed and cabled to Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas, where Acting Gov- ernor Konow, representing Denmark, notified Commander Edwin T. Pollock of the United States ship Hancock that all conditions for the transfer had been complied with. The governor made a brief speech formally turning over the island to the United States and hauling down the Danish flag in the name of King Chris- tian X. Commander Pollock made a short speech of acceptance, after which the American flag was run up. With the transfer the islands became known as the Virgin Islands of the United States, a designation chosen by the in- habitants and adopted by the Washington au- thorities. The steps taken in the acquisition of the islands were briefly these: In 1867 Secretary of State William H. Seward entered into nego- tiations with Denmark for the purchase of the islands of St. Thomas and St. John for $7,500.- 000, and a treaty was eventually signed. It was approved by a vote of the people of the islands, but was rejected by the United States senate March 23, 1870. On Jan. 24, 190?, a treaty was signed by Secretary of State John Hay and Constantin Brun, the Danish minister, for the sale to the United States of the islands of St. Thomas, St. John and St. Croix for $5,000,000 in gold, but ratification was refused by a tie vote in the Danish rigsdag. In 1916, while the war in Europe was engaging the attention of the world, negotiations for the transfer of the islands to America were re- sumed, and Aug. 4 a treaty was signed by Secretary of State Robert Lansing and Con- stantin Brun. It was approved by the United States senate Sept. 7 and by a referendum vote- in Denmark Dec. 14. Dec. 20 it was approved by the folkething in Copenhagen and by the landsthing on the following day. Ratifications were exchanged Jan. 17, 1917, and, as already stated, the transaction was completed March 31. AREA AND POPULATION. The Virgin islands number about fifty, but only three are of sufficient size to be known by name to any but geographers and local in- habitants. The three main islands are named St. Thomas, St. Croix (or Santa Cruz, as the Spaniards called it) and St. John. The com- bined area of all the islands, large and small, is between 138 and 142 square miles and the total population is approximately 32,000. St. Thomas has an area of 28.25 square miles and a population of 11,000. It is the most im- portant in the group on account of its fine har- bor. Most of the inhabitants, chiefly negroes, live in Charlotte Amalie, the only town on the island, and are dependent for subsistence uport the harbor and shipping. St. Thomas is capable of producing fruits, vegetables, coffee, tobacco, sugar cane and cotton, but cultivation of the soil has been neglected for many years. The harbor of St. Thomas lies on the direct line of communication between European ports and the entrance of the Panama canal, as well as in direct line for vessels plying between the At- lantic ports of the two Americas or between the Atlantic and Pacific ports of these conti- nents. It is 1,400 miles from New York, 1,02& miles from the Atlantic entrance of the Panama canal, and 480 miles from La Guaira, the chief port of Venezuela. Its location commands the Virgin passage to the Caribbean sea, the east- ernmost gateway to that body of water. St. Croix has an area of 84.25 square miles and a population of about 20,000. It is - .situated forty miles south of St. Thomas and St. John. Its surface is flat and is given over largely to- plantations producing sugar, rum, cotton, vege- tables and tropical fruits. Horses, cattle, goats, sheep, hogs and donkeys are also raised. There ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. are two towns, Frederiksted and Christiansted. The latter place, with a population of approx- imately 4, 5(h), was the seat of the Danish colo- nial government. Frederiksted, though having a population of only 3,000, does about 80 per cent of the export and import business of the island, having a much better harbor than Christiansted. St. John lies four miles east of St. Thomas and has an area of 21 square miles. It is only eight miles long by four miles wide, but it has a fine harbor at Coral bay. It is noted especially for the "bay" tree, the leaves of which are used in making bay rum. The island has between 900 and 1,000 inhabitants, nearly all of whom are colored. The largest settle- ment is at Cruz bay, with possibly 150 inhab- itants. FOREIGN TRADE. The foreign trade of the islands has not been of great importance. Imports at St. Thomas for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1916, were valued at $734,680, and this represents about 70 per cent of the imports of the three islands. Of this total the United States furnished $332,- 286. the West Indies $91,748, Great Britain $88,411, Denmark $50,778, France $13,286, Holland $12,601 and Germany $1,195. The United States purchased $273,625 worth of goods from the islands in 1915. CLIMATE. The climate of all the islands is healthful for whites, and during the cooler months is made enjoyable by the trade winds. The hottest weather is in August and September, but it sel- dom becomes oppressive, and prostration from heat is unknown. In the year ended June 30, 1915, the temperature during the coolest weeks ranged from 65 to 83 degrees and during the hottest weeks from 76 to 92 degrees. The heavi- iest rainfalls occur in May and September- October. GOVERNMENT. Provision for the government of the newly ac- quired islands was made by the 64th congress at its closing session in the shape of an act en- titled "An act to provide a temporary govern- ment for the West Indian islands acquired by the United States from Denmark by the con- vention entered into between said countries on the 4th day of August. 1916, and ratified by the senate of the United States on the 7th dav of September, 1916." It declares that, ex- cept as otherwise provided, all military, civil and judicial powers necessary to govern the West Indian islands acquired from Denmark shall be vested in a governor and in such per- son or persons as the president may appoint, and shall be exercised in such manner as the president shall direct until congress shall pro- vide for the government of the islands. The president may assign an officer of the army or navy to serve as such governor. The compensa- tion of all persons appointed under the act shall be fixed by the president. Until congress shall otherwise provide, in so far as compatible with the changed sovereignty and not in conflict with the provisions of the act, the laws regulating elections and the elec- toral franchise as set forth in the code of laws published at Amalienborg April 6, 1906, and the other local laws in force Jan. 17, 1917, shall remain in force in the islands and shall be administered by the civil officials and through the local tribunals. With the approval of the president, or under such rules as he may pre- scribe, any of the laws may be repealed or amended by the colonial council having juris- diction. The jurisdiction of the judicial tribu- nals of the islands shall extend to all judicial proceedings and controversies in the islands to which the United States or any citizen thereof mar be a party. In all cases formerly review- able by the courts of Denmark writs of error and appeal shall be to the Circuit Court of Appeals for the 3d circuit. On and after the passage of the act there shall be paid upon all articles voming into the United States or its possessions from the West Indian islands ceded to the United States bv Denmark the rates of duty and internal revenue taxes which are required to be paid upon like articles imported from foreign countries: Pro- vided, that all articles the growth or product of, or manufactured in such islands from mate- rials the growth or product of such islands or of the United States, or of both, or which do not contain foreign materials to the value of more than 20 per centum of their total value, upon which no drawback of customs duties has been allowed therein, coming into the United States from such islands shall hereafter be ad- mitted free of duty. Until congress shall otherwise provide all laws now imposing taxes in the West Indian islands, including the customs laws and regulations, shall, in so far as compatible with the changed sovereignty and not otherwise herein provided, continue in force and effect, except that articles the growth, product or manufacture of the United States shall be admitted there free of duty: Provided, that upon exportation of sugar to any foreign country, or the shipment thereof to the United States or any of its possessions, there shall be levied, collected and paid thereon an export duty of $8 per ton of 2,000 pounds irrespective of polariscope test, in lieu of any export tax now required by law. The duties and taxes collected in pursuance of this act shall not be covered into the gen- eral fund of the treasury of the Unit^l States, but shall be used and expended for the govern- ment and benefit of said islands under such rules and regulations as the president may pre- scribe. For the purpose of taking over and occupy- ing the islands and of carrying this act into effect and to meet, any deficit in the revenues of the islands resulting from the provisions of this act the sum of $100,000 is appropriated, to be applied under the direction of the president of the United States. The sum of $25,000,000 is appropriated, to be paid in the- city of Washington to the diplomatic representative or other agent of his majesty the king of Denmark duly authorized to receive the money, in full consideration of the cession of the Danish West Indian islands to the United States made by the convention between the United States of America and his majesty the king of Denmark entered into Aug. 4, 1916, and ratified by the senate of the United States Sept. 7, 1916. This act, with the exception of the preceding paragraph, shall be in force and effect and be- come operative immediately upon the payment by the United States of the sum of $25,000,000r The fact and date of such payment shall there- upon be made public by a proclamation issued by the president and published in the Danish West Indian islands and in the United States. The preceding paragraph shall become immedi- ately effective and the appropriation thereby, provided for shall be immediately available. (Approved March 3, 1917.) Rear-Admiral James H. Oliver was appointed as the first American governor-general of the islands. TORNADO IN INDIANA. Nineteen persons were killed and 200 injured in Newcastle, Ind.. by a tornado which swept through the southern part of the city from west to east Sunday afternoon, March 11, 1917. Fully 50o homes, most of them small frame structures, were destroyed or badly damaged. The property loss was estimated at $1,000,000. The storm extended as far as Cincinnati. O., where it leveled thirty houses in the residential district of Hyde Park. Three persons were killed and about a score injured. Forty-two persons were killed and about 100 injured in a storm which passed over New Al- bany, Ind., Friday afternoon, March 24. 1917. The property loss v/as estimated at $1,133,000. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. SECOND INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT WILSON. Owing to the fact that March 4, 1917, fell on a Sunday, Woodrow Wilson was not formally inaugurated president of the United States for fcis second term until March 5. He was. how- ever, sworn in at 12:04 p. m. March 4 in the president's room at the capitol, Chief Justice Ed- ward D. White of the United States Supreme court administering the oath of office. Mr. Wilson placed his hand on an open bible and repeated the following words after the chief justice: "I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of president of the United States and will, to the best of my ability, pre- serve, protect and defend the constitution of the United States." As the chief justice finished reading these words the president kissed the bible and then both signed the oath inscribed on the flyleaf of the book, which was the same as that used at the first inauguration of Mr. Wilson in 1913. Not more than fifty persons witnessed the cere- mony, which was marked by extreme simplicity. The ceremonies attending the formal inaugura- tion of President Wilson and Vice-President Marshall on March 5 followed in the main the old precedents, but because of the grave danger of a war with Germany and the action of a small group of senators in refusing to give him the power he desired to protect American lives and property at sea more than the usual so- lemnity marked the proceedings. The occasion was made a patriotic demonstration, the only colors used in the decorations of the capital being those of the American flag. With the customary military escort the presi- dent and vice-president proceeded to the senate chamber in the capitol, where at noon the cere- monies of the day began with the swearing in of Vice-President Thomas R. Marshall in the presence of both the old and the new congresses, members of the cabinet, the diplomatic corps and a large assemblage of noted men and women from all parts of the country. The oath was ad- ministered to the vice-president by Senator Wil- lard Saulsbury of Delaware, after which Mr. Marshall delivered his second inaugural address. It was brief and consisted of his creed of citi- zenship under a government for which, he said, "I ought to be willing to live or die, as God decrees, that it may not perish from off the earth through treachery within or through as- sault from without." Immediately upon the conclusion of the cere- monies in the senate chamber a line of those within its walls M-as formed at 12:45 p. m. to escort the president to the inaugural amphi- theater on the plaza before the east front of the capitol. There, in the open air, surrounded by senators and representatives, department of- ficials, diplomats, governors and members of his family, the president had the oath of office ad- ministered to him in the same manner as on the previous day, but before a vast assemblage of people. The sun was shining, though the weather was too cold for comfort. After shaking hands with the chief justice and the vice-president Mr. Wilson read his inaugural address, which, in full, was as follows: "My Fellow Citizens: The four years which have elapsed since last I stood in this place have been crowded with counsel and action of the most vital interest and consequence. Perhaps no equal period in our history has been so fruitful of important reforms in our economic and industrial life or so full of significant changes in the spirit and purpose of our political action. "We have sought very thoughtfully to set our house in order, correct the grosser errors and abuses of our industrial life, liberate and quicken the processes of our national genius and energy and lift our politics to a broader view of the people's essential interests. It is a rec- ord of singular variety and singular distinction, but I shall not attempt to review it. It speaks for itself and will be of increasing influence as the years go by. "This is not the time for retrospect. It is time, rather, to speak our thoughts and pur- poses concerning the present and the immediate future. "Although we have centered counsel and ac- tion with such unusual concentration and success upon the great problems of domestic legislation to which we addressed ourselves four years ago, other matters have more and more forced them- selves upon our attention, matters lying outside our own life as a nation and over which we had no control, but which, despite our wish to keep free of them, have drawn us more and more irresistibly into their own current and in- fluence. "It has been impossible to avoid them. They have affected the life of the whole world. They have shaken men everywhere with a passion and an apprehension they never knew before. It has been hard to preserve calm counsel while the thought of our own people swayed this way and that under their influence. We are a composite and cosmopolitan people. We are of the blood of all the nations that are at war. The currents of our thoughts as well as the currents of our trade run quick at all seasons back and forth between us and them. The war inevitably set its mark from the first alike upon our minds, our industries, our commerce, our politics and our social action. To be in- different to it or independent of it was out of the question. "And yet all the while we have been con- scious that we were not part of it. In that consciousness, despite many divisions, we have drawn closer together. We have been deeply wronged upon the seas, but we have not wished to wrong or injure in return ; we have retained throughout the consciousness of standing in some sort apart, intent upon an interest that tran- scended the immediate issues of the war itself. As some of the injuries done us have become intolerable we have still been clear that we wished nothing for ourselves that we were not ready to demand for all mankind, fair dealing, justice, the freedom to live and be safe against organized wrong. "It is in this spirit and with this thought that we have grown more and more aware, more and more certain, that the part we wished to play was the part of those- who mean to vindi- cate and fortify peace. We have been obliged to arm ourselves to make good our claim to a certain minimum of right and of freedom of action. We stand firm in armed neutrality, since it seems that in no other way can we demon- strate what it is we insist upon and cannot forego. We may even be drawn on, by circum- stances, not by our own purpose or desire, to a more active assertion of our rights as we see them and a more immediate association with the great struggle itself. But nothing will alter our thought or our purpose. They are too clear to be obscured. They are too deeply rooted in the principles of our national life to be altered. We desire neither conquest nor advantage. We wish nothing that can be had only at the cost of another people. We have always professed unselfish purpose and we covet the opportunity to prove that our professions are sincere. "There are many things still to do at home to clarify our own politics and give new vitality to the industrial processes of our own life, and we shall do them as time and opportunity serve : but we realize that the greatest things that remain to be done must be done with the whole world for a stage and in co-operation with the wide and universal forces of man- kind, and we are making our spirits ready for those things. They will follow in the im- mediate wake of the war itself and will set civilization up again. We are provincials no longer. The tragical events of the thirty months of vital turmoil which we have just passed have made us citizens of the world. There can be no turning back. Our own fortunes as a nation are involved, whether we would have it so or not. "And we are not the less American on that ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. account. We shall be the more American if we but remain true to the principles in which we have been bred. They are not the principles of a province or of a single continent. We have known and boasted all along that they were the principles of a liberated mankind. "These, therefore, are the things we shall stand for, whether in war or in peace: "That all nations are equally interested in the peace of the world and in the political stability of free peoples and equally responsible for their maintenance. "That the essential principle of peace is the actual equality of nations in all matters of right or privilege. "That peace cannot securely or justly rest upon an armed balance of power. "That governments derive all their just powers from the consent of the governed and that no other powers should be supported by the com- mon thought, purpose or power of the family of nations. "That the seas should be equally free and safe for the use of all peoples, under rules set up by common agreement and consent, and that, so far as practicable, they should be accessible to all upon equal terms. "That national armaments should be limited to the necessities of national order and domestic safety. "That the community of interest and of power upon which peace must henceforth depend im- poses upon each nation the duty of seeing to it that all influences proceeding from its own citizens meant to encourage or assist revolution in other states should be sternly and effectually suppressed and prevented. "I need not argue these principles to you, my fellow countrymen ; they are your own, part and parcel of your own thinking and your own motive in affairs. They spring up native among us. Upon this platform of purpose and of action we can stand together. "And it is imperative that we should stand together. We are being forged into a new unity amidst the fires that now blaze throughout the world. In their ardent heat we shall, in God's providence, let us hope, be purged of fac- tion and division, purified of the errant humors of party and of private interest, and shall stand forth in the days to come with a new dignity of national pride and spirit. Let each man see to it that the dedication is in his own heart, the high purpose of the nation in his own mind, ruler of his own will and desire. "I stand here and have taken the high and solemn oath to which you have been audience because the people of the United States have chosen me for this august delegation of power and have by their gracious judgment named me their leader in affairs. I know now what the task means. I realize to the full the responsi- bility which it involves. "I pray God I may be given the wisdom and the prudence to do my duty in the true spirit of this great people. I am their servant and can succeed only as they sustain and guide me by their confidence and their counsel. The thing I shall count upon, the thing without which neither counsel nor action will avail, is the unity of America an America united in feeling, in purpose and in vision of duty, of opportunity and of service. We are to beware of all men who would turn the tasks and the necessities of the nation to their own private profit or use them for the building up of private power ; beware that no faction or disloyal intrigue break the harmony or embarrass the spirit of our people ; beware that our government be kept pure and incorrupt in all its parts. United alike in the conception of our duty and in the high resolve to perform it in the face of all men, let us dedicate ourselves to the great task to which we must set our hand. "For myself I beg your tolerance, your coun- tenance and your united aid. The shadows that now lie dark upon our path will soon be dispelled and we shall walk with the light all about us if we are but true to ourselves to ourselves as we have wished to be known in the counsels of the world and in the thought of all those who love liberty and justice and the right exalted." Great enthusiasm was shown by the vast throng, which cheered the president heartily upon his appearance and at different points in his address. Because of the threats which had been made against his life and of plots which had been discovered by the secret service agents extraor- dinary precautions were taken to guard the president from injury. Troops lined the streets throughout the whole route of the procession from the white house to the capitol and guards were even stationed on the roofs of the buildings along Pennsylvania avenue. CORPORATIONS AND LABOR AGENTS CONVICTED. Thirteen labor agents and five corporations charged with conspiracy to restrain interstate trade in violation of the antitrust act were convicted by a jury in the United States Dis- trict court, Chicago. March 3, 1917. The de- fendants included Michael J. Boyle, agent of the Electrical Workers' union ; three former agents of the same organization ; nine members of the Chicago Switchboard Manufacturers' as- sociation, and five corporations in the electrical business. The government charged that in Oc- tober, 1911, the unions and manufacturers en- tered into a contract by which a boycott of outside nonunion electrical concerns was to be maintained for the monopolistic benefit of the Chicago factories and Chicago electrical workers. Stress was laid by the government on the part alleged to have been taken by Boyle, who was not only charged with leadership in the boy- cott but also with having received thousands of dollars in "graft" for settling building trade strikes. Marcli 22 Boyle was sentenced to a year in prison and to pay a fine of 5,000. Raymond Cleary was given sixty days in the bridewell and fined $500. The other defendants were fined as follows : Frank A. Lundmark. 500 ; Warren E. Ripple, $3,000: John Cuthbert. $1,000; Charles Kreider. $1,000: Otto B. Duncan, $1,000; James Obermiller. $1,500; Julian J. Neilson, $500; G. W. Berthold. $500; C. J. Peterson, $500; Henry Newgard & Co., $2,000; J. Lang Electric com- pany, $1,000 ; Cuthbert Electrical and Manufac- turing company, $1,000: Electric Apparatus com- pany, $500, and the States Electric company, $500. BLUE SKY LAWS The so called "blue sky" laws of Ohio, Michi- gan and South Dakota, regulating the sale of securities and designed to bar get-rich-quiek schemes, were pronounced constitutional by the United States Supreme court in a decision an- nounced Jan. 22. 1917. The decision affected similar laws in twenty-six states. The court admitted that such statutes might curb and bur- den legitimate business, but held that the in- terests even of legitimate business are not para- mount to the police power of states to protect their citizens from fraud. The laws do not at- DECLARED VALID. tempt to prohibit unwise investments, but give state authorities the right to forbid the sale within the state borders of securities which they believe would result in fraud upon investors. "The statutes," said the court, "burden hon- est business, it is true, but burden it only that under its forms dishonest business may not be done. Expense may be caused and inconvenience, but to arrest the power of the state by such considerations would make it impotent to dis- charge its functions. It costs something to be governed." ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. RAILWAY EIGHT-HOUR DAY CONTROVERSY. In March. 1916, representatives of the Order of Railway Conductors, the Brotherhood of Rail- way Trainmen, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen presented to the general managers of the railroads of the United States demands for an eighf hour day and various in- creases in pay. The demands were refused. A conference was held in New York. N. Y., which ended June 15 in a disagreement, the brotherhood leaders declining to submit to arbitration the issues involved. President Wilson intervened and series of conferences were held at the white house in Washington, D. C, in August follow- ing a fruitless attempt by the United States board of mediation and conciliation to settle the controversv. The president's efforts were also in vain and the brotherhood heads issued a secret order for a strike to begin Sept. 4. Aug. 29 President Wilson went before congress and asked for the passage of a law establishing an eight hour day for railway employes and also for certain other legislation desired by the rail- roads. m ., . . . Congress, under the threat of a general strike on all the railroads of the country if a bill satisfactory to the brotherhoods were not passed bv Saturday night, Sept. 2, passed the so called A'damson act, establishing an eight hour day on the railroads and providing for the appointment of a commission of three men to observe the effect of the institution of the eight hour day. The railroads attacked the Adamson law as un- constitutional and a test case was brought be- fore Judge William C. Hook in the United States District court in Kansas City. Mo., on a peti- tion from the receivers of the Missouri. Okla- homa & Gulf Railroad company. To facilitate bringing the case before the United States Su- preme court Judge Hook on Nov. 22, 1916, held the Adamson act to be unconstitutional. Jan. 1, 1917, was the date set for the law to go into effect, and it was agreed by both sides to the controversy that pending a final decision bv the Supreme court the railroads would keep accounts of the wages which would have been earned if the statute was enforced so as to en- able their payment if the law was finally up- held. STRIKE THREAT IS RENEWED. In March. 1917, while the country was in the midst of preparations to meet the German war crisis, the railroad brotherhood leaders suddenly renewed the controversy and demanded an im- mediate settlement. This step was taken at a meeting held in Cleveland, O.. March 10, when a call was issued for a conference with the railroad officials in New York March 15. The conference was held, but resulted in a deadlock. The brotherhood leaders thereupon ordered that a general railroad strike should begin on Satur- day evening, March 17. On March 16 President Wilson sent the following personal appeal to the representatives of the two sides in the contro- versy: "I deem it my duty and right to appeal to you in this time of national peril to open again the questions at issue between the railroads and their operatives with a view to accommodation or settlement. "With my approval a committee of the council of national defense is about to seek a conference with you with that end in view. "A general interruption of the railway traffic f the country at this time would entail a danger to the nation against which I have the right to enter my most solemn and earnest protest. "It is now the duty of every patriotic man to bring matters of this sort to immediate ac- commodation. The safety of the country against manifest perils affecting its own peace and the peace of the whole world makes accommodation - absolutely imperative and seems to me to render any other choice or action inconceivable." RAILROADS AGREE TO TERMS. The council of national defense appointed the following committee from its own membership and its advisory council to go to New York to mediate between the unions and the railroads: Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of Labor William B. Wilson, President Daniel B. Willard of the Baltimore & Ohio rail- road and a member of the advisory council, and Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor and a. member of the ad- visory council. The conference began on March 16 and on the afternoon of the following day the brotherhood leaders agreed to postpone the strike forty-eight hours. Early on the morning of March 19 the conference committee of railroad managers au- thorized the national defense mediators to settle the controversy in the following letter: "In the national crisis precipitated by events [torpedoing of American ships 1 of which we heard this afternoon [March 18] the national conference committee of railroads joins with you in the conviction that neither at home nor abroad should there be fear or hope that the efficient operation of the railroads of the coun- try will be hampered or impaired. "Therefore you are authorized to assure the nation there will be no strike, and as a basis for such assurance we hereby authorize the com- mittee of the council of national defense to grant to the employes who are about to strike whatever adjustment your committee deems nec- essary to guarantee the uninterrupted and effi- cient operation of the railroads as an indis- pensable arm of national defense." TERMS OF SETTLEMENT. The following agreement was signed on the night of March 18-19 by the representatives of the brotherhoods, the railroads and the com- mission of mediators: "In all road service, except passenger, where schedules now read *100 miles or less, nine or ten hours or less, overtime at ten or eleven miles per hour,' insert 'eight hours or less for a basic day and twelve and one-half miles per hour for a speed basis,' for the purpose of com- puting overtime. "Overtime to be paid for at not less than one-eighth of the daily rate per hour. "In all yard service switching and hostelry service where schedules now read f ten, eleven or twelve hours or less shall constitute a day's work,' insert 'eight hours or less shall consti- tute a day's work at present ten hours' pay.' "Overtime to be paid for at not less than one- eighth of the daily rate per hour. "In yards now working on an eight hour basis the daily rate shall be the present ten hour standard rate, with overtime at one-eighth of the present standard daily rate. "In case the law is declared unconstitutional eight hours or less at present ten hour pay will constitute a day's work. "In passenger service the present mileage basis will be maintained. On roads now having a flat ten hour day in passenger service the rule will be amended to read 'eight within ten hours.' "For all classes of employes in short turn around passenger service, where the rule now reads 'eight within twelve hours,' it will be amended to read 'eight within ten hours.' "For such territory as has no number of hours for a day's work in short turn around passenger service, the eight within ten hour rule applies. Overtime to be paid for at not less than one- eiehth of the daily rate per hour. "The general committees on individual rail- roads may elect to retain their present overtime rules in short turn around passenger service or the foregoing provision, but may not make a combination of both to produce greater com- pensation than is provided in either basis. "In the event the law is held to be consti- tutional, if the foregoing settlement is incon- sistent with the decision of the court, that ap- plication will be adjusted to the decision. If declared unconstitutional the above stands with all the provisions as written. 42 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. "The foregoing to govern for such roads, classes of employes and classes of service repre- sented by the national conference committee of railroads. "Schedules, except as modified by the aoove changes, remain as at present." Their demands having been complied with the brotherhood chiefs called off the strike. ADAMSON ACT DECLARED VALID. On March 19, only a few hours after the an- nouncement that the railroad controversy had been settled, the decision of the United States Supreme court upon the Adamson law was made public in Washington. The majority opinion, concurred in by Chief Justice White and Justices McKenna, Holmes, Brandeis and Clarke, upheld the law as valid. Dissenting opinions were held by Justices Pitney, Van Devanter, Day and McReynolds. MAJORITY OFTXIOX. The majority opinion, after reciting the facts in the controversy, went on to say: "Stating its desire to co-operate with the par- ties in their purpose to expedite the cause, the court below briefly announcing that it was of opinion that congress had no constitutional power to enact the statute, enjoined its enforcement and as the result of the direct appeal which fol- lowed we come, after elaborate oral and printed arguments, to dispose of the controversy. "All the propositions relied upon and argu- ments advanced ultimately come to two ques- tions : "First, the entire want of constitutional power to deal with the subjects embraced by the statute, and, second, such abuse of the power if possessed as rendered its exercise unconsti- tutional. We will consider these subjects under distinct propositions separately. "1. The entire want of constitutional power to deal with the subjects embraced by the statute. "There must be knowledge of the power ex- erted before determining whether as exercised it was constitutional and we must hence settle a dispute on that question before going further. Only an eight hour standard for work and wages was provided, is the contention of one side, and, in substance, only a scale of wages was pro- vided, is the argument on the other. We are of the opinion that both are right and, in a sense, both wrong in so far as it is assumed that the one excludes the other. * * -* Both provisions are equally mandatory. * * * "However, there is this very broad difference between the two powers exerted. The first, the eight hour standard, is permanently fixed. The second, the fixing of the wage standard resulting from the prohibition against paying lower wages, is expressly limited to the time specified in sec- tion 2 [of the law]. It is, therefore, not per- manent but temporary, leaving the employers and employes free as to the subject of wages to govern their relations by their own agree- ments after the specified time. "Concretely stated, therefore, the question is this: Did congress have power under the cir- cumstances to provide a permanent eight hour standard and to create by legislative action a standard of wages to be operative upon the em- ployers and employes for such reasonable time as it deemed necessary to afford an opportunity for the meeting of the minds of employers and employes on the subject of wages? "Coming to the general consideration, we put the question as to the eight hour standard en- tirely out of view on the ground that the au- thority to permanently establish it is so clearly sustained as to render the subject not disputable. "What was the extent of the power therefore of congress to regulate, considering the scope of regulation which the government had the right to exert with reference to interstate commerce carriers, when it came to exercise its legislative authority to regulate commerce? This is the matter to be decided. That the business of common carriers by rail is in a sense a public business is settled by so many decisions, state and federal, and is illustrated by such a con- tinuous exertion of state and federal legislative power, as to leave no room for question on the subject. "If the situation which we have described and with which the act of congress dealt be taken into view it would seem inevitably to re- sult that the power to regulate necessarily ob- tained and was subject to be applied to the extent necessary to provide a remedy for the situation. This must be unless it can be said that the right to so regulate as to save and protect the public interest did not apply to a case where the destruction of the public right was imminent as the result of a dispute between the parties and their consequent failure to es- tablish by private agreement .the standard of wages which was essential : in other words, that the existence of the public right and the public power to preserve it was wholly under the con- trol of the private right to establish a standard by agreement. "Nor is it an answer to this view to suggest that the situation was one of emergency and that emergency cannot be made the source of power. The proposition begs the question, since, although an emergency may not call into life a power which has never lived, nevertheless emer- gency may afford a reason for the exertion of a living power already enjoyed. If acts which, if done, would interrupt if not destroy inter- state commerce may be by anticipation legisla- tively prevented, by the same token the power to regulate may be exercised to guard against the cessation of interstate commerce threatened by a failure of employers and employes to agree as to the standard of wages, such standard being an essential prerequisite to the uninter- rupted flow of interstate commerce." Here the chief justice recounted at length the 1 previously acknowledged powers of congress to regulate commerce. "In the presence of this vast body of acknowl- edged powers there would seem to be no ground for disputing the power which was exercised in the act which is before us so as to prescribe by law for the absence of a standard of wages caused by the failure to exercise the private right to the end that no individual dispute or difference might bring ruin to the vast interests concerned. "What would be the value of the right to a reasonable rate if all movement in interstate commerce could be stopped as a result of a mere dispute between the parties or their fail- ure to exert a primary private right concerning a matter of interstate commerce? Again, what purpose would be subserved by all the regu- lations established to secure the enjoyment by the public of an efficient and reasonable service if there was no power in government to pre- vent all service from being destroyed? Further yet, what benefits would flow to society by recognizing the right, because of the public in- terest, to regulate the relation of employer and emplove and of the employes among themselves and to give to the latter peculiar and special rights, safeguarding their persons, protecting them in case of accident and giving efficient remedies for that purpose, if there was no power to remedy a situation created by a dis- pute between employers and employes as to rate of waces, which, if not remedied, would leave the public helpless, the whole people ruined and all the homes of the land submitted to a danger of the most serious character? "And finally, to what derision would it not reduce the proposition that government had power to enforce the duty of operation if that power did not extend to doing that which was essential to prevent operation from being com- pletely stopped by filling the interregnum cre- ated 'by an absence of a conventional standard of wages because of a dispute on that subject between the employers and employes by a leg- islative standard binding on employers and em- ployes for such a time ns might be deemed by the legislature reasonably adequate to enable normal conditions to come about as the result of agreements as to wages between the parties? ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1018. 43 "We are of opinion that the reasons stated conclusively establish that from the point of view of inherent power the act which is before ns was clearly within the legislative power of congress to adopt, and that in substance and effect it amounted to an exertion of its authority under the circumstances disclosed to compulsorily arbitrate the dispute between the parties by es- tablishing as to the subject matter of that dis- pute a legislative standard of wages operative and binding as a matter of law upon the par- tiesa power none the less efficaciously exerted because exercised by direct legislative act. in- stead of by the enactment of other and appro- priate means providing for the bringing about of such result. "If it be conceded that the power to enact the statute was in effect the exercise of the right to fix wages where by reason of the dis- pute there had been a failure to fix by agree- ment, it would simply serve to show the nature and character of the regulation essential to protect the public right and safeguard the move- ment of interstate commerce, not involving any denial of the authority to adopt it. "And this leaves only to be generally con- sidered whether the right to exercise such a power under the conditions which existed was limited or restrained by the private rights of the carriers or their employes. "As to the carrier, as engaging in the busi- ness of interstate commerce carriage subjects the carrier to the lawful power of congress to regulate, it follows that the very absence of the scale of wages by agreement and the impedi- ment and destruction of interstate commerce, which was threatened, called for the appropriate and relevant remedy, the creation of a standard by operation of law 'binding upon the carrier. "As to the employe, here again it is obvious that what we have previously said is applicable and decisive, since whatever would be the right of an employe engaged in a private business to demand such wages as he desires, to leave the employment if he does not get them and by concert of action to agree with others to leave upon the same condition, such rights are nec- essarily subject to limitation when employment is accepted in a business charged with a public interest and as to which the power to regulate commerce possessed by congress applied and the resulting right to fix in a case of disagreement and dispute a standard of wages as we have Been necessarily obtained. "In other words, considering comprehensively the situation of the employer and the employe in the light of the obligations arising from the public interest ,and of the work in which they are engaged and the degree of regulation which may be lawfully exerted by congress as to that business, it must follow that the exercise of the lawful governmental right is controlling. "This results from the considerations which, * * * we repeat, since, conceding that from the point of view of the private right and private interest as contradistinguished from the public interest and power exists between * * * em- ployers and employes, to agree as to standard of wages free from legislative interference, that right in no way affects the lawmaking power to protect the public right and create a standard of wages resulting from a dispute as to wages and a failure, therefore, to establish by consent a standard. "The capacity to exercise the private right, free from legislative interference, affords no ground for saying that legislative power does not exist to protect the public interest from the injury resulting from a failure to exercise the private right. In saying this, of course, it is always to be borne in mind that as to both carrier and employe the beneficent and ever present safeguards of the constitution are ap- plicable, and therefore both are protected against confiscation and against every act of arbitrary power which, if given effect to, would amount to a denial of due process or would be repug- nant to any other constitutional right. "And this emphasizes that there is no question here of purely private right. "Having thus ad wisely disposed of the con- tentions as to the inherent want of power, we come to consder all the other propositions which group themselves under a common heading, that is: "2. Such an abuse of the power, if possessed, as rendered its exercise unconstitutional. "The want of equality is based upon two con- siderations. The one is the exemption of cer- tain short line and electric railroads. We dis- miss it because it has been adversely disposed of by many previous decisions. The second rests upon the charge that unlawful inequality results because the statute deals not with all but only with the wages of employes engaged in the movement of trains. But such employes were those concerning whom the dispute, in which wages existed, growing out of which the threat of interruption of interstate commerce arose a consideration which establishes an ade- quate basis for the statutory classification. "As to penalties, it suffices to sav that in this case a recovery of penalties is not asked, and consequently the subject may well be postponed until it actually arises for decision." At this point the chief justice dealt at length with the argument that the law was "unwork- able." Disposing of the argument of unwork- ability, the chief justice said: "Considering the extreme contentions relied upon in the light of this situation, we can dis- cover no basis upon which they may rest. When it is considered that no contention is made that in any view the enforcement of the act would result in confiscation, the misconception upon which all the propositions proceed becomes ap- parent. "Finally, we say that the contention that the act was void and could not be made operative because of the unworkability of its provisions is without merit, since we see no reason to doubt that if the standard fixed by the act were made applicable and a candid effort fol- lowed to carry it out the result would be with- out difficulty accomplished. It is true that it might follow that in some cases because of par- ticular terms of employment or exceptional sur- roundings some change might be necessary, but these exceptions afford no ground for holding the act void because its provisions are not sus- ceptible in practice of being carried out. "Being of the opinion that congress had the power to adopt the act in question, whether it be viewed as a direct fixing of wages to meet the absence of a standard on that subject re- sulting from the dispute between the parties or as an exertion by congress of the power which it undoubtedly possessed to provide by appro- priate legislation for compulsory arbitration a power which inevitably resulted from its author- ity to protect interstate commerce in dealing with a situation like that which was before it we conclude that the court below erred in hold- ing the statute was not within the power of congress to enact and in restraining its enforce- ment : and its decree, therefore, must be and it is reversed and the cause remanded with direc- tions to dismiss the bill." DISSENTING OPINIONS. Justices Pitney and Van Devanter, in their joint dissenting opinion, held that the law should be held unconstitutional and void "because con- gress, although confessedly not in possession of information necessary for intelligent and just treatment of the controversy, arbitrarily im- posed upon the railroads the entire and enormous cost of an experimental increase in wages.'" Holding the Adamson act an "arbitrary and unreasonable taking of property" from the rail- roads without due process of law, experimental and admittedly enacted without due deliberation. Justice Day dissented, although, he said, he was not prepared to say congress is without power to regulate railroad wages. He expressly said, however, he did not believe congress has power to enforce compulsory arbitration and asserted that the emergency in September did not war- u ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. rant any excessive exercise of constitutional powers of congress. "I agree that, to securfe the proper service and to insure reasonable rates to the public, congress has tiie power to fix the amount of compensation," he said, adding that this power must be exercised subject to usual constitutional limitations of "due process" of law. Citing these limitations, Justice Day continued: "This act cannot successfully withstand the attack that it is an arbitrary and unlawful ex- ertion of supposed legislative power. It is not an act limiting the hours of service. Nor is it a legitimate enactment fixing the wages of em- ployes." Stating that the law provides temporary pay for eight hours' service formerly required for ten hours, Justice Day said: "In other words, congress expresses its in- ability to fix, in advance of investigation, a just and proper wage. It inevitably follows that the cost of the experiment, many millions of dollars, must not be paid by the public, but by the legislative edict is made to fall entirely -upon one of the parties. "Inherently such legislation requires that in- vestigation and deliberation shall precede action. Nevertheless, congress has in this act itself de- clared the lack of sufficient information and knowledge to warrant the action taken and has directed an experiment to determine what it APPROXIMATE VALUE Coin. Country. equivalent Archefri (gold) Persia $.095 Argentina (gold) Argentine Republic... 4.820 Balboa (gold) Panama 1.000 Bolivar (silver) Venezuela 193 Boliviano (silver) Bolivia 389 -Cash (copper China 006 Cent China 005 Centavo (copper) Mexico 005 Centime (copper) France 002 Colon (gold) Costa Rica 465 Condor (gold) Colombia 10.000 Condor (gold) Chile 7.300 Condor (gold) Ecuador 4.900 Cordova (gold) Nicaragua 1.000 Crown (silver) Austria .203 Crown (silver) Denmark 268 Crown (silver) Great Britain 1.220 Crown (silver) Norway ...: 268 Crown (silver) Sweden 268 Dinar (gold) Serbia 193 Dinero (silver) Peru 050 Dollar (gold) British Honduras 1.000 Dollar (gold) Newfoundland 1.014 Dollar (gold) British possessions... 1.00.) Dollar (gold) Colombia 1.000 Dollar (gold) Liberia 1.000 Dollar (gold) Straits Settlements... .567 Dollar (silver) China 475 Dollar (gold) Santo Domingo 1.000 Drachma (silver) Greece 193 Escudo (gold) Portugal 1.080 Farthing (cepper) Great Britain 005 Florin (silver) Austria 400 Florin (silver) Great Britain 490 Florin (gold) Netherlands .402 Franc (silver) France 193 Franc (gold) Belgium 193 Franc (gold) Switzerland 193 Gourde (silver) Haiti 965 Guinea (gold) Great Britain 5.040 C-ulden (silver) Austria 480 Heller (silver) Austria 004 Kopeck (copper) Russia 005 Kran (silver) Persia 091 Krone (see crown). lieu (silver) Roumania 193 should do. Such legislation, it seems to me, amounts to the taking of the property of one and giving it to another in violation of the spirit of fair play and the due process clause. No emergency, whatever the character, could justify the violation of constitutional rights." Justice McReynolds' dissenting opinion said: "Whatever else the act may do, it certainly commands that during a minimum period of seven months interstate carriers by railroad shall pay their employes engaged in operating trains for eight hours' work a wage not less than the one then established for a standard day generally of ten hours. "I have not heretofore supposed that such ac- tion was a regulation of commerce within the fair intendment of those words as used in the constitution, and the argument advanced in sup- port of the contrary view is unsatisfactory to my mind. I cannot, therefore, concur in the conclusion that it was within the power of con- gress to enact the statute. "But, considering the doctrine now affirmed bv a majority of the court as established, it fol- lows that congress has power to fix a maximum as well as a minimum wage for trainmen ; to re- quire compulsory arbitration of labor disputes which may seriously and directly jeopardize the movement of interstate traffic and to take meas- ures effectively to protect the free flow of such commerce against any combination, whether of operatives, owners or strangers." OF FOREIGN COINS. -Coin. Country. equivalent Libra (gold) Peru $4 865 Lira (silver) Italy 193 Lira (gold) Turkey 4.400 Mark (silver) Germany 238 Mark (gold) Finland 193 Medjidie (gold) Turkey 880 Milreis (gold) Brazil 546 Milreis (gold) Portugal 1.080 Napoleon (gold) France 3.86O Onlik (silver) Turkey 460 Ore (copper) Scandinavia 0925 Para (silver) Turkey 001 Penny (copper) Great Britain 020 Perper (gold) Montenegro 203 Peseta (silver) Spain 193 Peso (gold) Argentine Republic... .965 Peso (gold) Chile 365 Peso (gold) Colombia 1.000 Peso (gold) Cuba 910 Peso (silver) Guatemala 398 Peso (silver) Honduras 398 Peso (silver) Salvador 398 Peso (silver) Mexico 498 Peso (silver) Paraguay 398 Peso (gold) Philippines 500 Peso (gold) Uruguay 1.034 Pfennig (copper) Germany 0025 Piaster (silver) Cochin China 550 Piaster (silver) Cyprus 030 Piaster (silver) Turkey 044 Pound (gold) Egypt 4.943 Pound (gold) Great Britain 4.865 Ruble (gold) Russia 515 Rv.pee (silver) India 324 Scudo (gold, silver)... Italy 950 Sen (copper) Japan 005 Shilling (silver) Great Britain 240 Sixpence (silver) Great Britain 120 Sol (silver) Peru 490 Soldo (copper) Italy 010 Sovereign (gold) Great Britain 4.866 Sucre (gold) Ecuador 487 Tael (customs, silver) .China 828 Tical (silver) Siam 370 Yen (silver) Japan . .49S NIAGARA GORGE TROLLEY ACCIDENT. On the afternoon of July 1, 1917, a Niagara gorge route trolley car left the rails and plunged mto the upper reaches of the whirlpool rapids. There were about sixty passengers on the car at the time and of these at least ten were drowned. The car was an open one or the cas- ualty Kst would have been larger. The accident was due to a washout. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 45 WORK OF THE 64TH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION. Session began Dec. 4, 1916; ended March 4, 1917. means the United States and any waters, ter- ritory or other place subject to the jurisdiction Act to regulate the immigration of aliens to and residence in the United States; passed by house March 30. 1916 (1st session); by senate Dec. 14; vetoed by president Jan. 29, 1917; passed over veto by house Feb. 1; by senate Feb. 5. Act to provide for the promotion of vocational education; passed by senate July 31, 1916; by house Jan. 9, 1917; approved Feb. 23. Act to provide a civil government for Porto Rico; passed by house May 23. 1916; by senate Feb. 20, 1917; approved March 2. Act to provide a temporary government for the West Indian islands acquired by the United States from Denmark; passed by house Feb. 19, 1917; by senate Feb. 20; approved March 3. Act to prohibit the manufacture or sale of alco- holic liquors in the territory of Alaska; passed by senate Jan. 31. 1917; by house Feb. 2; ap- proved Feb. 14. Act making appropriations for the postoffice de- partment and containing "bone dry" prohibi- tion amendment; passed by house Jan. 16, 1917; by senate Feb. 16; approved March 3. Act to prevent the manufacture and sale of al- coholic liquors in the District of Columbia; passed by senate Jan. 9; by house Feb. 28; approved March 3. Act to provide for the care and treatment of persons afflicted with leprosy and to prevent the spread of leprosy in the United States; passed by house May 4, 1916; by senate Jan. 25, 1917; approved Feb. 3. Act to provide for the control of the floods of the Mississippi and Sacramento rivers; passed by house May 17, 1916; by senate Feb. 26, 1917; approved March 1. Act to establish the Mount McKinley national park in the territory of Alaska; passed by 6enate Sept. 8, 1916; by house Feb. 19, 1917; approved Feb. 26. Act to establish a national military park at the battle field of Guilford Courthouse; passed by house Jan. 15, 1917; by senate Feb. 5; ap- proved March 2. Act to provide for stock raising homesteads; passed by house Jan. 18, 1916; by senate Sept. 2; approved Dec. 29. Act to prevent and punish the desecration, muti- lation or improper use, in the district of Co- lumbia, of the United States flag; passed by house June 12, 1916; by senate Feb. 2, 1917; approved Feb. 8. Act to punish persons who make threats against the president of the United States; passed by house June 8, 1916; by senate Feb. 3, 1917; approved Feb. 14. Act to provide increased revenue to defray the expenses of the increased appropriations for the army and navy and the extensions of fortifications; passed by house Feb. 1, 1917; by senate March 1; approved March 3. Act making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal vear ending June 30, 1918; passed by house Feb. 13, 1917; by senate March 2; approved March 4. Act making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the "procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes; passed by house Jan. 29,* '917; by senate Feb. 1; approved Feb. 14. Joint resolution to expedite the delivery of ma- terials, equipment and munitions and to se- cure more expeditious construction of ships; passed by house March 3, 1917; by senate March 4; approved March 4. IMMIGRATION LAW. Effective May 1, 1917. The word "alien" as used in the act includes any person not a native born or naturalized citi- zen of the United States, but it does not in- clude Indians of the United States not taxed or citizens of the islands under the jurisdiction of the United States. The term "United States" thereof except the Isthmian Canal Zone; but if any alien shall leave the Canal Zone or any insular possession and attempt to enter any other place under the jurisdiction of the United States he is not to be permitted to enter under any other conditions than those applicable to- all aliens. There shall be collected a tax of $8 foir every alien, including alien seamen regularly admit- ted, entering the United States. Children under 16 accompanying father or mother are not sub- ject to the tax. The tax shall not be levied on aliens who enter after an uninterrupted res- idence of at least one year preceding such en- trance in Canada, Newfoundland, Cuba or Mex- ico for a temporary stay, nor upon aliens iD transit, nor upon aliens who, having been law- fully admitted, shall go from one part of the United States to another, although through con- tiguous foreign territory. EXCLUDED ALIENS. The following classes of aliens are excluded from the United States: Idiots, imbeciles, feeble minded, epileptics, insane persons ; per- sons who have had one or mure attacks of in- sanity previously; persons of constitutional psychopathic inferiority; persons with chronic alcoholism; paupers; professional beggars; va- grants; persons afflicted with tuberculosis in any form or with a loathsome or dangerous conta- gious disease; persons not comprehended within any of the foregoing excluded classes who are found to be and are certified by the examining surgeon as being mentally or physically defec- tive, such physical defect being of a nature which may affect the ability of such alien to earn a living; persons who have been convicted of or admit having committed a felony or other crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpi- tude ; polygamists, or persons who practice polygamy or believe in or advocate the practice of polygamy; anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the overthrow by force or vio- lence of the government of the United States or of all forms of law, or who disbelieve In or are opposed to organized government, or who advocate the assassination of public officials, or who advocate or teach the unlawful destruction of property: persons who are members of or affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching disbelief in or opposition to organized government, or who advocate or teach the duty, necessity, or propriety of the unlawful assault- ing or killing of any officer or officers, either of specific individuals or of officers generally, of the government of the United States or of any other organized government, because of his or their official character, or who advocate or teach the unlawful destruction of property: prostitutes, or persons coming into the United States for the purpose of prostitution or any other immoral purpose; persons who directly or indirectly procure or attempt to procure or im- port prostitutes or persons for the purpose of prostitution or any other immoral purpose; persons who are supported by or receive in whole or in part the proceeds of prostitution; contract laborers, who have been . induced or assisted to migrate to this country by offers or promises of employment, whether such offers or promises are true or false, or in consequence of agreements, oral, written or printed, express or implied, to perform labor in this country of any kind, skilled or unskilled; persons who have come in consequence of advertisements for laborers printed, published or distributed in a foreign country; persons likely to become a public charge: persons who have been deported under any of the provisions of this act, and who may again seek admission within one year from the date of such deportation, unless prior to their re-embarkation at a foreign port or their attempt to be admitted from foreign contiguous 46 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. territory the secretary of labor shall have con- sented to their reapplying for admission; per- sons whose ticket or passage is paid for with the money of another, or who are assisted by others to come, unless it is satisfactorily shown that such persons do not belong to one of the foregoing excluded classes; persons whose ticket or passage is paid for by any corporation, as- sociation, society, municipality. 'or foreign gov- ernment, either directly or indirectly; stow- aways, except that any such stowaway, if otner- wise admissible, may be admitted at the dis- cretion of the secretary of labor; all children under 16 years of age unaccompanied by or not coming to one or both of their parents, except that any such children may, in the discretion of the secretary of labor, be admitted if, in his opinion, they are not likely to become a public charge and are otherwise eligible; unless other- wise provided for by existing treaties, persons who are natives of islands not "possessed by the United States adjacent to the continent of Asia, situate south of the 20th parallel latitude north, west of the 160th meridian of longitude east of Greenwich, and north of the 10th parallel lati- tude south, or who are natives of any country, province, or dependency situate on the continent of Asia west of the 110th meridian of longitude east from Greenwich and the 24th and 38th parallels of latitude north, and no alien now in any way excluded from, or prevented from en- tering, the United States shall be admitted to the United States. The provision next foregoing, however, shall not apply to persons of the following status or occupation: Government officers, ministers or religious teachers, missionaries, lawyers, physi- cians, chemists, civil engineers, teachers, stu- dents, authors, artists, merchants, and travelers for curiosity or pleasure, nor to their legal wives or their children under 16 years of age who shall accompany them or who may subse- quently apply for admission to the United States, but such persons or their legal wives or foreign born children who fail to maintain in the United States a status or occupation placing them within the excepted classes shall be deemed to be in the United States contrary to law and shall be subject to deportation. LITERACY TEST. After three months from the passage of this act, in addition to the aliens who are by law now excluded from admission into the United States, the following persons shall also be ex. eluded from admission thereto, to wit: All aliens over 16 years of age, physically capable of reading, who cannot read the Eng- lish language, or some other language or dia- lect, including Hebrew or Yiddish: Provided, that any admissible alien, or any alien here- tofore or hereafter legally admitted, or any citi- zen of the United States, may bring in or send for his father or grandfather over 55 years of age, his wife, his mother, his grandmother or his unmarried or widowed daughter, if otherwise admissible, whether such relative can read or not; and such relative shall be permitted to enter. That for the purpose of ascertaining whether aliens can read the immigrant inspect- ors shall be furnished with slips of uniform size, prepared under the direction of the secre- tary of labor, each containing not less than thirty nor more than forty words in ordinary use, printed in plainly legible type in some one of the various languages or dialects of immi- grants. Each alien may designate the particu- lar language or dialect in which he desires the examination to be made, and shall be required to read the words printed on the slip in such language or dialect. That the following classes of persons shall be exempt from the operation of the illiteracy test, to wit: All aliens who shall prove to the satisfaction of the proper immigration officer or to the secretary of labor that they are seeking admission to the United States to avoid religious persecution in the country of their last permanent residence, whether such persecution be evidenced by overt acts or by laws or governmental regulations that discriminate against the alien or the race to which he belongs because of his religious faith; all aliens who have been lawfully ad- mitted to the United States and who have re- sided therein -continuously for five vears and who return to the United States within six months from the date of their departure there- from; all aliens in transit through the United States; all aliens who have been lawfully admit- ted to the United States and who later shall go in transit from one part of the United States to another through foreign contiguous territory: Provided, that nothing in this act shall exclude, if otherwise admissible, persons convicted, or who admit the commission, or who teach or advocate the commission, of an offense purely political: Provided further, that the provisions of this act relating to the payments for tickets or passage by any corporation, association, soci- ety, municipality or foreign government shall not apply to the tickets or passage of aliens in immediate and continuous transit through the United States to foreign contiguous territory: Provided further, that skilled labor, if otherwise admissible, may be imported if labor of like kind unemployed cannot be found in this coun- try, and the question of the necessity of im- porting such skilled labor in any particular in- stance may be determined by the secretary of labor upon the application of any person inter- ested, such application to be made before such Importation, and such determination by the sec- retary of labor to be reached after a full hear- ing and an investigation into the facts of the case: Provided further, that the provisions of this law applicable to contract labor shall not be held to exclude professional actors, artists, lecturers, singers, nurses, ministers of any reli- gious denomination, professors for colleges or seminaries, persons belonging to any recognized learned profession, or persons employed as do- mestic servants: Provided further, that when- ever the president shall be satisfied that pass- ports issued by any foreign government to its citizens or subjects to go to any country other than the United States, or to any of its insular possessions or the Canal Zone, are being used for the purpose of enabling the holder to come to the continental territory of the United States to the detriment of labor conditions therein, the president shall refuse to permit such persons to enter the United States or its possessions: Provided .further, that aliens returning after a temporary absence to an unrelinquished United States domicile of seven consecutive years may be admitted at the discretion of the secretary of labor and under such conditions as he may prescribe: Provided further, that nothing in the contract-labor or reading-test provisions of this act shall be construed to prevent any alien ex- hibitor or holder of any concession for any fair or exposition authorized by congress from bring- ing into the United States, under contract, such otherwise admissible alien mechanics, artisans, agents or other employes, natives of his coun- try, as may be necessary for installing or con- ducting his exhibit or business, under such rules as the commissioner-general of immigration with the approval of the secretary of labor may pre- scribe, both as to the admission and return of such persons: Provided further, that the- com- missioner-general of immigration with the ap- proval of the secretary of labor shall issue rules and prescribe conditions, including exaction of such bonds as may be necessary, to control and regulate the admission and return of otherwise inadmissible aliens applying for temporary ad- mission: Provided further, that nothing in this act shall be construed to apply to accredited officials of foreign governments, nor to their suites, families or guests. The importation of any alien into the United States for any immoral purpose is punishable by imprisonment for not more than ten years and by a fine of not more than $5,000. Violations of the contract-labor section of the act are punishable by fines of $1,000 or by imprisonment for not less than six months nor more than ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 47 two years. The act provides for the fining or im- prisonment of persons engaged in the transpor- tation of aliens into the United States who en- courage or help persons excluded under the pro- visions of the law to enter the country. The administrative features of the act, both as to the immigration and deportation of aliens, are practically the same as under the old law. (Signed by Champ Clark, speaker of the house of representatives, and Thomas R. Marshall, vice-president of the United States and presi- dent of the senate.) The foregoing act was vetoed by President Wilson Jan. 29, but was passed over his veto by the house Feb. 1 by a vote of 286 to 106 and by the senate Feb. 5 by a vote of 62 to 19, and thus became a law. In his veto message the president said: "In most of the provisions of the bill I should be very glad to concur, but I cannot rid myself of the conviction that the literacy test constitutes a radical change in the policy of the nation which is not justified in principle. It is not a test of character, of quality or of personal fitness, but would operate in most cases merely as a penalty for lack of oppor- tunity in the country from which the alien seek- ing admission came. "Moreover, even if this test might be equi- tably insisted on, one of the exceptions proposed to its application involves a provision which .might lead to very delicate and hazardous dip- lomatic situations. Such a provision (the lit- eracy test) so applied and administered would oblige the officer concerned in effect to pass judgment upon the laws and practices of a for- eign government and declare that they did or did not constitute religious persecution. "This would, to say the least, be a most in- vidious function for any. administrative officer of this government to perform, and it is not only possible but probable that very serious ques- tions of international justice and comity would arise between this government and the govern- ment or governments thus officially condemned should its exercise be adopted." Immigration bills carrying a similar literacy test were vetoed by President Taft Feb. 14, 1913, and by President Wilson Jan. 28, 1915, congress on each occasion failing to carry the measure over the veto. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. The act provides for the promotion of voca- tional education, for co-operation with the states in the promotion of such education in agricul- ture and the trades and industries and for co- operation with the states in the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects. For the pur- pose of co-operating with the states in the pay- ment of the salaries of teachers, supervisors or directors of agricultural subjects there are appropriated for the use of the states, subject to the provisions of the act, the following sums for the fiscal years (ending June 30) named: 1918, $500,000: 1919, $750,000; 1920, $1,000,000; 1921, $1,250,000; 1922, $1,500,000; 1923, $1,750,000; 1924, $2,000,000; 1925, $2,500,000; 1926 and annually thereafter, $3,000,000. The sums shall be al- lotted to the states in the proportion which their rural population bears to the total rural popu- lation in the United States, not including out- lying possessions. The allotment of funds to any state shall not be less than a minimum of $5,000 for any year prior to and including 1923, nor less than $10,000 for any year thereafter. The sums necessary to provide this minimum are appropriated by the aot. For the purpose of co-operating with the states In paying the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics and industrial subjects appropriations the same in amount and annual increase as those for agricultural teachers, supervisors and directors, that is, from $500,000 for 1918 up to $3,000,000 for 1926 and each year thereafter, are made. The sums shall be allotted to the states in the proportion which their urban population bears to the total urban population in the United States, not including outlying possessions. The allotment to any state shall be not less than a minimum of $5,000 for any year prior to and including 1923 nor less than $10,000 for any fiscal year thereafter. Not more than 20 per cent of the money appropriated for the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics and industrial subjects for any year shall be expended for the salaries of teachers of home economics subjects. For the purpose of co-operating with the states in preparing teachers, supervisors and directors of agricultural subjects and teachers of trade and industrial and home economics subjects ap- propriations are made, running from $500,000 in 1918 to $1,000,000 in 1921 and annually there- after, the sums to be allotted to the states in the proportion which their population bears to the total population of the United States, outlying possessions not included. The allot- ment to any state shall be not less than $5,000 for any" fiscal year prior to 1919 nor less than $10,000 for any fiscal year thereafter. In order to secure the benefits of any of the foregoing appropriations any state shall through its legislative authority create a state board of not less than three members having all nec- essary power to co-operate with the federal board for vocational education in the adminis- tration of the act. The state board of education or other board having charge of the administra- tion of public education in the state or any state board having charge of the administration of any kind of vocational education in the state may, if the state so elects, be designated as the state board for the purposes of the act. In any state the legislature of which does not meet in 1917, if the governor of that state, so far as he is authorized to do so, shall accept the provisions of the act and create a state board of not less than three members to act in co- operation with the federal board for vocational education, the federal board shall recognize such local board until the legislature of such state meets and has been in session sixty days. Any state may accept the benefits of any one or more of the respective funds created by the act, and it may defer the acceptance of the benefits of such funds and shall be required to meet only the conditions relative to the fund or funds the benefits of which -it has accepted. After June 30, 1920, no state shall receive any appropriation for salaries of teachers, super- visors or directors of agricultural subjects until it shall have taken advantage of at least the minimum amount appropriated for their train- ing. After that date no state shall receive any appropriation for the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics and industrial subjects until it shall have taken advantage of at least the minimum amount appropriated for such training. A federal board for vocational education is created, to consist of the secretary of agricul- ture, the secretary of commerce, the secretary of labor, the United States commissioner of edu- cation and three citizens of the United States to be appointed by the president, by and with the advice and consent of the senate. One of the three citizens shall be a representative of the manufacturing and commercial interests, one a representative of the agricultural interests and one a representative of labor. The board shall elect annually one of its members as chairman. In the first instance, one of the citizen members shall be appointed for one year, one for two years and one for three years, and thereafter for three years each. The members of the board other than the members of the cabinet and the United States commissioner of education shall receive a salary of $5,000 per annum. The board shall have power to co-operate with state boards in carrying out the provisions of this act. It shall be the duty of the federal board for vocational education to make or cause to have made studies, investigations and reports with particular reference to their use in aiding the states in the establishment of vocational schools and classes and in giving instruction in agriculture, trades and industries, commerce and commercial pursuits and home economics. 48 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Such studies, investigations and reports shall include agriculture and agricultural processes and requirements ' upon agricultural workers; trades, industries and apprenticeships, trade and industrial -requirements upon industrial workers and classification of industrial processes and pursuits ; commerce and commercial pursuits and requirements upon commercial workers ; home management, domestic science and the study of related facts and principles, and problems of administration of vocational schools and of courses of study and instruction in vocational subjects. When the board deems it advisable such studies, investigations and reports concerning agriculture, for the purposes of agricultural edu- cation, may be made in co-operation with or through the department of agriculture ; such studies, investigations and reports concerning trades and industries, for the purposes o trade and industrial education, may be made in co- operation with or through the department of labor ; such studies, investigations and reports concerning commerce and commercial pursuits, for the purposes of commercial education, may be made in co-operation with or through the de- partment of commerce ; such studies, investiga- tions and reports concerning the administration of vocational schools, courses of study and in- struction in vocational subjects may be made in co-operation with or through the bureau of education. The commissioner of education may make such recommendations to the board relative to the administration of %his act as he may from time to time deem advisable. The chairman of the board shall carry out the rules, regulations and decisions the board may adopt. There is appropriated to the federal board for vocational education $200,000 annually for the purpose of making or co-operating in making the studies, investigations and reports provided for in the act. for the purpose of paying the salaries of the officers and assistants and office and other expenses. In order to secure the benefits of the appro- priation for any purpose specified in the act the state board shall prepare plans showing the kinds of vocational education for which it is proposed that the appropriation shall be used ; the kinds of schools and equipment ; courses of study ; methods of instruction ; qualifications of teachers ; in the case of agricultural subjects the qualifications of supervisors or directors ; plans for the training of teachers and plans for the supervision of agricultural education. Such plans shall be submitted by the state board to the federal board and if the federal board finds the same to be in conformity with the provisions of the act they shall be approved. The state board shall make an annual report to the federal board on or before Sept. 1 of each year on the work done in the state and the receipts and expenditures under the act. The appropriation for the salaries of teachers, supervisors or directors of agricultural subjects and of teachers of trade, home economics and industrial subjects shall be devoted exclusively to the payment of such salaries. The cost of supplementary instruction necessary to build a well rounded course of training shall be borne by the state and local communities. The moneys expended under the provisions of the act shall be conditioned that for each dollar of federal money expended for salaries or training of teach- ers the state or local community, or both, shall expend an equal amount for such salaries and training. Any state may use the appropriation for agri- cultural purposes or any part of it for the salaries of teachers, supervisors or directors of agricultural subjects, either for the salaries of teachers of such subjects in schools or classes or for the salaries of supervisors or directors of such subjects under a plan of supervision for the state to be set up by the state board, with the approval of the federal board for vo- cational education. In order to receive the bene- fits of such appropriation the state board of any state shall provide in its plan for agricul- tural education that such education shall be that which is under public supervision or con- trol ; that the controlling purpose of such educa- tion shall be to fit for useful employment; that such education shall be of less than college grade and be designed to meet the needs of per- sons over 14 years of age who have entered upon or who are preparing to enter upon the work of the farm or of the farm home ; that the state or local community, or both, shall pro- vide the necessary plant and equipment deter- mined upon by the state board, with the ap- proval of the federal board for vocational edu- cation, as the minimum requirement for such education in schools and classes in the state ; that the amount expended for the maintenance of such education in any school or class receiv- ing the benefit of such appropriation shall be not less annually than the amount fixed by the state board, with the approval of the federal board, as the minimum for such schools or classes in the state ; that such schools shall provide for directed or supervised practice in agriculture, either on a farm provided for by the school or other farm, for at least six months a year ; that the teachers, supervisors or directors of agricultural subjects shall have at least the minimum qualifications determined for the state by the state board, with the approval of the federal board for vocational education. In order to receive the benefits of the appro- priation for the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics and industrial subjects the state board of any state shall provide in its plan for trade, home economics and industrial education that such education shall be given in schools or classes under public supervision or control ; that the controlling purpose of such education shall be to fit for useful employment ; that such education shall be of less than college grade and shall be designed to meet the needs of persons over 14 years of age who are preparing for a trade or industrial pursuit or who have entered upon the work of a trade or industrial pursuit ; that the state or local community, or both, shall provide the necessary plant and equipment de- termined upon by the state board, with the ap- proval of the federal board for vocational edu- cation, as the minimum requirement in such state for education for any given trade or in- dustrial pursuit ; that the total amount expended for the maintenance of such education in any school or class receiving the benefit- of such appropriation shall be not less annually than the amount fixed by the state board, with the approval of the federal board, as the minimum for such schools or classes in the state ; that such schools or classes giving instruction to persons who have not entered upon employment shall re- quire that at least half of the time of such instruction be given to practical work on a useful or productive basif, such instruction to extend over n#t less than nine months per year and not less than thirty hours per week; that at least one-third of the sum appropriated to any state for the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics and industrial subjects shall, if ex- pended, be applied to part-time schools or classes of workers over 14 years of age who have en- tered upon employment, and such subjects in a part-time school or class may mean any subject given to enlarge the civic or vocational intelli- gence of such workers over 14 and less than 18 years of age. Such part-time schools or classes shall provide for not less than 144 hours of classroom instruction a year. Evening industrial schools shall fix the age of 16 years as a mini- mum entrance requirement and shall confine in- struction to that which is supplemental to the daily employment. For cities and towns of less than 25,000 population the state board, with the approval of the federal board, may modify the conditions as to the length of course and hours of instruction per week to those who have not entered upon employment in order to meet the particular needs of such cities and towns. In order for any state to receive the benefits of the appropriation for the training of teachers ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. of agricultural subjects, trade, industrial or home economics subjects, the state board of such state shall provide in its plan for such train- ing that it shall be carried out under the super- vision of the state board ; that such training shall be given in schools or classes under public supervision or control ; that such training shall be given only to persons who have had adequate vocational experience in the line of work for which they are preparing themselves as teach- ers or who are acquiring such experience or contact as a part of their training; that the state board, with the approval of the federal board, shall establish a minimum for such ex- perience or contact for teachers; that not more than "60 per cent nor less than 20 per cent of the money appropriated for the training of teach- ers of vocational subjects to any state for any year shall be expended for any one of the fol- lowing subjects: For the preparation of teachers, supervisors or directors of agricultural subjects, or the preparation of teachers of trade and agricultural subjects, or the preparation of teachers of home economics subjects. In order to secure the benefits of the appro- priations for the salaries of teachers, super- visors or directors of agricultural subjects, or for the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics and industrial subjects, or for the training of teachers, any state shall, through the legislative authority thereof, appoint as cus- todian for the appropriations its state treasurer, who shall receive and provide for the proper custody and disbursements of all money paid to the state from the appropriations. The federal board for vocational education shall annually ascertain whether the several states are using or are prepared to use the money received by them in accordance with the provisions of the act. On or before Jan. 1 of each year the federal board for vocational edu- cation shall certify to the secretary of the treasury each state which has accepted the pro- visions of the act and complied therewith, certi- fying the amounts which each state is entitled to receive. Upon such certification the secre- tary of the treasury shall pay quarterly to the custodian for vocational education of each state the moneys to which it is entitled under the provisions of the act. The moneys so received by the custodian for vocational education for any state shall be paid out on the requisition of the state board as reimbursement for ex- penditures already incurred to such schools as are approved by the state board and are entitled to receive such moneys. Whenever any portion of the fund annually al- lotted to any state has not been expended for the purpose provided for in the act, a sum equal to such portion shall be deducted by the federal board from the next succeeding annual allot- ment from such fund to such state. The federal board for vocational education may withhold the allotment of moneys to any state whenever it shall be determined that such moneys are not being expended for the purposes and under the conditions of the act. If any allotment is withheld from any state, the state board of such state may appeal to the congress of the United States, and if the con- gress shall not direct such sum to be paid it shall be covered into the treasury. If any portion of the moneys received by the custodian for vocational education of any state under the act, for any given purpose named in the act, shall, by any action or contingency, be diminished or lost, it shall be replaced by such state, and until so replaced no subsequent ap- propriation for such education shall be paid to such state. No portion of any moneys appro- priated under the act for the benefit of the states shall be applied, directly or indirectly, to the purchase, erection, preservation or repair of any building or buildings or equipment, or for the purchase or rental of lands, or for the support of any religious or privately owned or conducted school or college. The federal board for vocational education shall make an annual report to congress, on or before Dec. 1, on the administration f the act and shall include in such report the reports made by the state boards on the administration of the act by each state and the expenditure of the money allotted to each state. (Approved Feb. 23, 1917.) GOVERNMENT OF PORTO RICO. The act applies to the Island of Porto Rico> and to the adjacent islands belonging to the United States. The second section of the act, which deals with the bill of rights, in addition to the usual features provides that one year after the act is approved it shall be unlawful to import, manufacture, sell or give away any intoxicating liquor or drug except for medic- inal, sacramental, industrial and scientific uses as authorized and regulated by the legislature. At a^y general election within five years after the approval of the 'act this provision may, upon petition of not less than 10 per cent of the aualified electors of Porto Rico, be submitted to a referendum, and if a majority of all the- qualified electors of Porto Rico voting upon such question shall vote to repeal this provision, it shall thereafter not be in force and effect ; otherwise it shall be in full force and effect. The capital of Porto Rico shall be in the city of San Juan and the seat of government shall be maintained there. CITIZENSHIP. "All citizens of Porto Rico, as defined by section 7 of the act of April 12, 1900, 'tem- porarily to provide revenues and a civil gov- ernment for Porto Rico,' and all natives of Porto Rico who were temporarily absent from that island on April 11, 1899, and have since returned and are permanently residing on that island, and are not citizens of any foreign country, are hereby declared, and shall be ileemed and held to be, citizens of the United States: Provided, that any person hereinbefore described may retain his present political status by making a declaration, under oath, of his deci- sion to do so within six months of the taking effect of this act before the District court in the district in which he resides, the declaration to be in form as follows: "'I, , being duly sworn, hereby declare my intention not to become a citizen of the United States as provided in the act of congress conferring United States citizenship upon the citizens of Porto Rico and certain per- sons permanently residing in said island.' "In the case of any such persons who may be absent from the island during the said six months the term of this proviso may be availed of by transmitting a declaration, under oath, in the form herein provided within six months after the taking effect of this act to the execu- tive secretary of Porto Rico ; and provided fur- ther, that any person who is born in Porto Rico of an alien parent and is permanently re- siding in that island may, if of full age, within six months of the taking effect of this act, or if a minor, upon reaching his majority or within one year thereafter, make a sworn declaration before the United States District court of Porto Rico, setting forth therein all the facts con- nected with his or her birth and residence in Porto Rico and accompanying due proof thereof, and from and after making such declaration shall be considered to be a citizen of the United States." The statutory laws of the United States not locally inapplicable, except as otherwise pro- vided in the act, shall have the same force and effect in Porto Rico as in the United States. All officials shall be citizens of the United States, and before entering upon the duties of their respective offices shall take an oath to support the constitution of the United States arid the laws of Porto Rico. EXECT7TIVE DEPARTMENT. The supreme executive power shall be vested in an officer whose official title shall be "the governor of Porto Rico." He shall be appointed ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 191S. by the president, with the advice and consent of the senate, and shall hold office at the pleas- ure of the president and until his successor is chosen and qualified. The governor shall live in Porto Rico during his official incumbency and maintain his office at the seat of government. He shall have general supervision and control of all the government departments and bureaus and shall be commander-in-chief of the militia, shall appoint certain officers, shall be responsible for the execution of the laws of Porto Rico and of the United States applicable there. He may also veto acts of the legislature. Departments of justice, finance, interior, edu- cation, agriculture and labor and health are created to be headed respectively by an attor- ney-general, treasurer, (commissioner of the in- terior, commissioner of education, commissioner of agriculture and labor and commissioner of health. The attorney-general and commissioner of education shall be appointed by the president and the others by the governor with the con- sent of the senate of Porto Rico. The term of office of each is four years. Heads of depart- ments shall reside in Porto Rico during their official incumbency, and those appointed by the governor shall have lived in Porto Rico at least one year prior to their appointment. The heads of the departments shall collec- tively foEm a council to the governor, known as the executive council. The duties of each de- partment head are prescribed by the act. For the purposes of this summary they are suffi- ciently indicated by the titles. There shall be appointed by the president an auditor, at an annual salary of $5,000, for a term of four years, who shall examine, audit and settle all accounts pertaining to the revenues and receipts, from whatever source, of the gov- ernment of Porto Rico and of the municipal governments of Porto Rico, including public trust funds and funds derived from bond issues; and audit all expenditures of funds or property per- taining to or held in trust by the government of Porto Rico or the municipalities or depend- encies thereof. There shall be appointed by the governor an executive secretary at an annual salary of $4,000, who shall record the minutes and pro- ceedings of the public service commission, the laws enacted by the legislature, the acts and proceedings of the governor and promulgate laws and orders. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. Local legislative powers shall be vested in a legislature to consist of a senate and a house of representatives. The senate shall consist of nineteen members elected for terms of four years by the qualified electors of Porto Rico. Each of the seven senatorial districts into which the island is apportioned shall have the right to elect two senators, and in addition there shall be electee! five senators at large. Senators must be more than 30 years of age and able to read and write either Spanish or English. The house of representatives shall consist of thirty-nine members elected quadrennially by the qualified electors of Porto Rico. Thirty-five are to be elected, one from each of thirty-five rep- resentative districts, and four at large. Repre- sentatives must be more than 25 years of age and able to read and write Spanish or English. The act provided that the districting of the island should be made by the executive council of the then existing government and that the first election under the new form of government should take place July 16, 1917. Then senators, representatives, a resident commissioner in the United States, and two public service commis- sioners were to be elected. Hereafter elections are to be held quadrennially on the first Tues- day after the first Monday in November, begin- ning with 1920. The compensation of members of the senate and house of representatives shall be $7 a day for the first ninety days of each regular session and $1 a day for each additional day. with mile- age at the rate of 10 cents per kilometer. The sessions of the legislature are to be biennial and are to begin on the second Monday in Feb- ruary. The governor, at the opening' of each session, shall submit a budget of receipts ami Expenditures, which shall be the basis of the biennial appropriation bill. The governor has the power of veto, but in case each house of the legislature pass a bill by a two-thirds vote over his veto, he shall then submit it to the president of the United States. If the presi- dent approves the bill, he shall sign it and it shall become a law. If he shall not approve it he shall return it to the governor so stating, and it shall not become a law. All laws enacted by the legislature of Porto Rico shall be re- ported to the congress of the United States, which reserves the power and authority to annul the same. At the first election under the act the quali- fied voters shall be those qualified under the old law. Thereafter voters shall be citizens of the United States, 21 years of age or more, and have such additional qualifications as may I be prescribed by the legislature. No property qualifications, however, shall ever be required. The electors of Porto Rico shall choose a res- ident commissioner to the United States for a term of four years with a salary of $7,500 a year, payable by the United States. He must be a bona fide citizen of the United States, more than 25 years of age and able to read and write English. All grants of franchises, rights and privileges of a public or quasi-public nature shall be made by a public service commission consisting of the heads of the executive departments, the auditors and two commissioners to be elected by the qualified voters for terms of four years. They shall receive $8 a day for each day's attendance on the sessions of the commission. The legisla- ture of Porto Rico is authorized to enact laws relating to the regulation of rates, tariffs and service of public carriers by rail in Porto Rico, and the public service commission shall have power to enforce such laws. The judicial power shall be vested in the courts and tribunals of Porto Rico as they ex- isted at the time the act was passed except that the chief justice and associate justices of the Supreme court shall be appointed by the president of the United States. Porto Rico shall constitute a judicial district, and the president shall appoint a district judge at a salary of $5,000 a year, a district attorney at a salary of $4, 00 a year and a marshal at a salary of $3,500 a year, each for a term of four years. This court, which shall be known as the "District Court of the United States for Porto Rico," shall have jurisdiction of all cases cognizable in the District courts of the United States and shall proceed in the same manner. In addition, it shall have charge of the natu- ralization of aliens and Porto Ricans. The annual salaries of the following named officials appointed by the president shall be: Governor, $10,000; heads of executive depart- ments, $5,000; chief justice of the Supreme court, $6,500; associate justices of the Supreme court, $5,500 each. (Approved March 2, 1917.) PROHIBITION IN ALASKA. On and after Jan. 1, 1918, it shall be unlaw- ful for any person, house, association, firm, company, club or corporation, his, its or their agents, officers, clerks or servants, to manufac- ture, sell, give or otherwise dispose of any in- toxicating liquor or alcohol of any kind in the territory of Alaska, or to have in his or its possession or to transport any intoxicating liquor or alcohol in the territory of Alaska. The act does not apply to methyl or wood alco- hol. Pharmacists may, after having secured a permit for the purpose, transport pure alcohol for scientific, artistic, medicinal or mechanical purposes and sell tht same to persons holding permits to purchase. Shipments of wine for sacramental purposes are also permitted under stringent legulations. Persons violating the pro- ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOB IMS. visions of the law are subject to a fine of not more than $1,000 or imprisonment for not more than a year, or to both. (Approved Feb. 14, 1917.) 'BONE DRY 1 ' PROHIBITION. The postoffice appropriation bill, approved March S. 1917, contained the following section (Sec. 5), popularly known as the '"bone dry" prohibition amendment: No letter, postal card, circular, newspaper, pamphlet or publication of any kind containing any advertisement of spirituous, vinous, malted, fermented or other intoxicating liquors of any kind, or containing a solicitation of an order or orders for said liquors, or any of them, shall be deposited in or carried by the mails of the United States, or be delivered by any postmaster or letter carrier, when addressed or directed to any person, firm, corporation or association, or other addressee, at any place or point in any state or territory of the United States at which it Is bv the law in force in the state or terri- tory at that time unlawful to advertise or solicit orders for such liquors, or any of them, respec- tively. If the publisher of any newspaper or other publication or the agent of such publisher, or if any dealer in such liquors or his agent, shall knowingly deposit or cause to be deposited, or shall knowingly send or cause to be sent, any- thing to be conveyed or delivered by mail in violation of the provisions of this section, or shall knowingly deliver or cause to be delivered by mail anything herein forbidden to be carried by mail, he shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both; and for any subsequent offense shall be impris- oned not more than one year. Any person vio- lating anv provision of this section may be tried and punished, either in the district in which the unlawful matter or publication was mailed or to which it was carried by mail for delivery, according to direction thereon, or in which it was caused to be delivered by mail to the per- son to whom it was addressed. Whoever shall order, purchase or cause intoxicating liquors to be transported in interstate commerce, except for scientific, sacramental, medicinal and me- chanical purposes, into any state or territory the laws of which state or territory prohibit the manufacture or sale therein of intoxicating liquors for beverace purposes shall be punished as aforesaid: Provided, that nothing herein shall autl' the shipment of liquor into any state contra rv to the laws of such state: Provided further! that the postmaster-general is hereby authorized and directed to make public from time to time in suitable bulletins or public notices the names of states in which it is un- lawful to advertise or solicit orders for such liquors. PROHIBITION IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. On and after Nov.' 1, 1917, no person or per- sons, or any house, company, association, club or corporation, his, its or their agents, officers, clerks or servants, directly or indirectly, shall, in the District of Columbia, manufacture for sale or gift, import for sale or gift, sell, offer for sale, keep for sale, traffic in, barter, ex- port, ship out of the District of Columbia, or exchange for goods or merchandise, or solicit or receive orders for the purchase of, any alcoholic or other prohibited liquors for beverage pur- poses or for any other than scientific, medic- inal, pharmaceutical, mechanical, sacramental or other nonbeverage purposes. The act contains stringent regulations for the manufacture, receipt and distribution of liquors for nonbeverage purposes and provides heavy penalties for violations of the law. (Approved March 3, 1917.) HOME FOR LEPERS. The secretary of the treasury is authorized to obtain by purchase or otherwise a site suitable for the establishment of a home for the care and treatment of persons afflicted with leprosy, to be administered by the United States public health service; and either the secretarv of war' the secretary of the navy, the secretarv of the interior, or the secretary of agriculture is au- thorized to transfer to the secretarv of the treasury any abandoned military, naval or other reservation suitable for the purpose, with all buildings and improvements, to be used for the purpose of the home. There shall be received into the home any person afflicted with leprosy who presents him- self or herself for care, detention and treat- ment, or who may be apprehended under author- ity of the United States quarantine acts, or any person afflicted with leprosy duly consigned to the home by the proper health authorities of any state, territory or the District of Columbia. The surgeon-general of the public health service is authorized, upon request of such authorities, to send for any person afflicted with leprosy and to convey him or her to such home for detention and treatment. Regulations shall be prepared by the surgeon- general of the public health service, with the approval of the secretary of the treasury, for the government and administration of the* home and for the apprehension, detention, treatment and release of all persons who are inmates thereof. The secretary of the treasury shall be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause the erection upon such site of suitable and necessary buildings for the purpose of this act at a cost not to ex- ceed $250,000. (Approved Feb. 3, 1917.) CONTROL OF RIVER FLOODS. For controlling the floods of the Mississippi river and continuing its improvement from the head of the passes to the mouth of the Ohio river the secretary of war is directed to carry on, by hired labor or otherwise, the plans of the Mississippi river commission, to be paid for as appropriations may from time to time be made by law, not to exceed in the aggregate $45,000,000. Not more than $10,000,000 shall be expended in any one fiscal year. All money appropriated shall be expended under the direction of the secretary of war in accord- ance with the plans and recommendations of the Mississippi river commission, as approved by the chief of engineers, for controlling the floods and for the general improvement of the Missis- sippi river, and for surveys, including the sur- vey from the head of the passes to the head- waters of the river, and a survey of the Atcha- falaya outlet so far as it may be necessary to determine the cost of protecting its basin from the flood waters of the Mississippi, either by its divorcement from the river or by other means, and for the salaries and other expenses of the Mississippi river commission. No money appropriated under the act shall be expended in the construction or repair of any levee until assurances have been given that the local interests protected thereby will con- tribute for such construction a sum which the commission shall determine to be equitable, but which shall not be less than half of such sum as may have been allotted by the commission for such work. Such contributions shall be ex- pended under the direction of the commission, but no contribution made by any state or levee district shall be expended in any other state or levee district except with the approval of the state or district so contributing. Any funds which may hereafter be appropri- ated under the authority of this act for im- proving the Mississippi river between the head of the passes and the mouth of the Ohio river and which may be allotted to levees may be expended upon any part of the Mississippi be- tween the head of the passes and Rock Island, 111. No money appropriated under the act shall be expended in payment for any right of way for any levee which may be constructed in co- operation with any state or levee district, but all such rights of way shall be provided free 52 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. of cost to the United States. No money paid or expense incurred by any state or levee district in securing such rights of way or in any tem- porary works of emergency during an impending flood, or for the maintenance of any levee line, shall be -computed as a part of the contribution of such state or levee district toward the con- struction or repair of any levee. The watercourses connected witk the Missis- sippi river to such extent as may be necessary to exclude the flood waters from the upper lim- its of any delta basin, together with the Ohio river from its mouth to the mouth of the Cache river, may, in the discretion of the commission, receive allotments for improvements now under way or flereafter to be undertaken. Upon the completion of any levee constructed for flood control under authority of this act, the levee shall be turned over to the levee district protected thereby for maintenance thereafter; but for all other purposes the United States shall retain such control over the same as it may have the right to exercise upon such completion. For controlling the floods, removing the debris and continuing the improvement of the Sacra- mento river, California, in accordance with the plans of the California debris commission, the secretary of war is authorized and directed to carry on continuously, by hired labor or other- wise, the plan of the commission, approved by the chief of engineers of the United States army and the board of engineers for rivers and harbors, and in so far as said plan provides for the rectification and enlargement of river channels and the construction of weirs, to be paid for as appropriations may from time to time be made by law, not to exceed in the ag- gregate $5,600,000. Not more than $1,000,000 shall be expended therefor during any one fiscal year. All money appropriated shall be expended un- der the direction of the secretary of war, in accordance with the plans, specifications and recommendations of the California debris com- mission, as approved by the chief of engineers, for the control of floods, removal of debris and the general improvement of the Sacramento river. No money shall be expended under au- thority of this section until assurances have been given satisfactory to the secretary of war (a) that the state of California will contribute annually for such work a sum equal to such sum as may be expended annually therefor by the United States; (b) that such equal contributions by the state of California will continue an- nually until the full equal share of the cost of such work shall have been contributed by the state; and (c) that the river levees con- templated in the report of the California debris commission, dated Aug. 10, 1910, will be con- structed to such grade and section and within such time as may be required by said commis- sion. The total contributions required from Cal- ifornia shall not exceed in the aggregate $5,600,- 000. Rights of way must be provided free of cost to the United States. Upon completion of the works for flood control they shall be turned over to California for maintenance. All the provisions of existing law relating to examinations and surveys and to works of im- provement of rivers and harbors shall apply, so far as applicable, to examinations and surveys and to works of improvement relating to flood control. And all expenditures of funds here- after appropriated for works and projects relat- ing to flood control shall be made in accord- ance with and subject to the law governing the disbursement and expenditure of funds ap- propriated for the improvement of rivers and harbors. All examinations and surveys of projects re- lating to flood control shall include a compre- hensive study of the watershed or watersheds, and the report thereon in addition to any other matter upon which a report is required shall give such data as it may be practicable to se- cure in regard to (a) the extent and character of the area to be affected by the proposed im- provement; (b) the probable effect upon any navigable water or waterway; (c) the possible economical development and utilization of water power; and (d) such other uses as may be prop- erly related to or co-ordinated with the project And the heads of the several departments of the government may, in their discretion, and shall upon the request of the secretary of war, detail representatives from their respective de- partments to assist the engineers of the army in the study and examination of such water- sheds, to the end that duplication of work may be avoided and the* various services of the gov- ernment economically co-ordinated therein. All reports on preliminary examinations hereafter authorized, together with the report of the board of engineers for rivers and harbors there- on and the separate report of the representative of any other department, shall be submitted to the secretary of war by the chief of engineers, with his recommendations, and shall be trans- mitted by the secretary of war to the house of representatives. Salary of the civilian members of the Missis- sippi river commission shall hereafter be $5,000 per annum. (Approved March 1, 1917.) MOUNT M'KINLEY NATIONAL PARK. The act sets apart a tract of land in the ter- ritory of Alaska embracing Mount McKinley as a public park for the benefit and enjoyment of the people, under the name of Mount McKinley national park. It is bounded as follows: Be- ginning at a point on the summit of a hill be- tween the two forks of the headwaters of the Toklat river, approximate latitude 63 degrees 47 minutes, longitude 150 degrees 20 minutes ; thence south f degrees 20 minutes west nineteen miles: thence south 68 degrees west sixty miles; thence in a southeasterly direction approximately twenty-eight miles to the summit of Mount Russell ; thence in a northeasterly direction ap- proximately eighty-nine miles to a point twenty- five miles due south of a point due east of the point of beginning ; thence due north twenty- five miles to said point, and thence due west twenty-eight and one-half miles to the point of beginning. Nothing in the act affects any valid existing claim, location or entry under the land laws of the United States nor mineral land laws ap- plicable to the lands in the park. The park shall be under the executive control of the secretary of the interior, who shall pub- lish rules and regulations for its care, protec- tion, management and improvement, such rules being primarily aimed at the freest use of the park for recreation purposes by the pub- lic and for the preservation of animals, birds and fish, as well as of the natural curiosities and scenic beauties of the region. The park is established as a game refuge, and no person shall kill any game in the park except under an order from the secretary of the interior for the protection of persons or to protect or prevent the extermination of other animals or birds. Prospectors and miners engaged in prospecting or mining in the park may take and kill so much game or birds as may be needed for their actual necessities when short of food; but in no case shall animals or birds be killed in the park for sale or removal therefrom, or wantonly. The secretary of the interior may execute leases to parcels of ground not exceeding twenty acres in extent for periods not to exceed twenty years whenever such ground is necessary for the erection of establishments for the accom- modation of visitors ; may grant such other necessary privileges and concessions as he deems wise for the accommodation of visitors, and may likewise arrange for the removal of such mature or dead or down timber as he may deem nec- essary and advisable for the protection and im- provement of the park. No appropriation for the maintenance of the park in excess of $10;000 annually shall be made unless the same shall have first been expressly authorized by law. (Approved Feb. 26, 1917.) [This new reservation, which incloses an area of 2,200 square miles, lies in south central Alaska ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. and contains the loftiest mountain in America. Mount McKinley rises 20,300 feet above sea level. It is nearly 6,000 feet higher than Mount Whit- ney, the loftiest summit within the borders of the continental United States. There are a few loftier mountains in the world, notably in the Himalayas, but none which rises so far above the neighboring country. The valleys of the Himalayas are from 7,000 to 10,000 feet and more in altitude ; the valleys of the Mount McKinley national park range from 1,800 to 3,000 feet in altitude. McKinley's elevation above the level of immediate observation, therefore, is thousands of feet higher than that of any other mountain, and the sublimity of the spectacle it presents is correspondingly greater. The magnificence of the spectacle is further in- creased by the fact that the upper 14,000 feet of the mountain is covered with snow and ice. Some of the hugest glaciers in the world flow from McKinley's sides. The south side of Mount McKinley, which is. the climax of the Alaskan range, is nearly impassable. It is covered by glaciers of enormous bulk; the annual snowfall in some places reaches a depth of sixty feet. On the north side, however, is a rolling coun- try dotted with beautiful lakes and forests and inhabited by herds of caribou. In fact, the special reason why congress set apart the region at this time was to conserve the wild animal life in advance of the invasion of hunters which the new government railroad will bring into Alaska, the road as projected running within twenty miles of this greatest of nature's spec- tacles.] GUILFORD COURTHOUSE NATIONAL PARK. In order to preserve for historical and mili- tary study one of the most remarkable battle fields of the revolutionary war, the battle field of Guilford Courthouse in the state of North Caro- lina is declared to be a national military park. The tracts of land which are described in the act consist of 125 acres in the county of Guil- ford. Morehead township, the property of the Guilford Battle Ground company, which is to deed the property over to the secretary of war, who is authorized to receive it. The area shall be known as the Guilford Courthouse National Military park. The affairs of the park, subject to the supervision of the secretary of war, shall be in charge of three commissioners, one of whom shall be a resident of Guilford county, North Car- olina, one a resident of Maryland and one a resident of Delaware. The resident commissioner shall serve as chairman and secretary of the commission and shall receive $1,000 a year. The other commissioners are to receive $100 a year and no other compensation. The duty of the commission is to open and maintain roads and mark with historical tablets or otherwise the lines of the troops engaged in the battle of Guilford Courthouse and other historical points of interest. (Approved March 2, 1917.) [The battle of Guilford Courthouse was fought March 15, 1781. between the British under Corn- wallis and the Americans under Greene. The British though nominally victors had the heavi- est casualties and had to abandon theCarolinas.] STOCK RAISING HOMESTEADS. It shall be lawful for any person qualified to make entry under the homestead laws of the United States to make a stock raising homestead entry for not exceeding 640 acres of unappro- priated unreserved public land in reasonably com- pact form. Land so entered must first have been designated by the secretary of the interior as "stock raising lands." The secretary is author- ized to designate as subject to entry under the act lands the surface of which is chiefly valuable for grazing and raising forage crops, do not contain merchantable timber, are not susceptible of* irrigation from any known source of water supply and are of such a character that 640 acres arp reasnnablv required for the support of a familv. Instead of cultivation as required bv the homestead laws the entryman shall be required to make permanent improvements to the value of not less than $1.25 an acre upon the land, before final proof is submitted, tending to increase the value of the land for stock rais- ing purposes, half of such improvements to be made within three years after the entry. (Ap- proved Dec. 29, 1916.) PROTECTION OF FLAG. Hereafter any person who, within the District of Columbia, in any manner, for exhibition or display, shall place or cause to be placed any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or any advertisement of any nature upon any flag, standard, colors or ensign of the United States of America, or shall expose or cause to be exposed to public view any such flag, stand- ard, colors or ensign upon which shall have been printed, painted or otherwise placed, or to which shall be attached, appended, affixed or annexed any word, figure, mark, picture, de- sign or drawing, or any advertisement of any nature ; or who, within the District of Columbia, shall manufacture, sell, expose for sale or to public view or give away or have in possession! for sale or to be given away or for use for any purpose, any article or substance being an ar- ticle of merchandise, or a receptacle for mer- chandise or article or thing for carrying or transporting merchandise, upon which shall have been printed, painted, attached or otherwise placed a representation of any such flag, stand- ard, colors or ensign, to advertise, call atten- tion to, decorate, mark or distinguish the ar- ticle or substance on which so placed ; or who, within the District of Columbia, shall publicly mutilate, deface, defile or defy, trample upon or cast contempt, either by word or act, upon any such flag, standard, colors or ensign, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $100 or by imprisonment for not more than thirty days, or both, in the discretion of the court. The words "flag, standard, colors or ensign," as used here- in, shall include any flag, standard, colors, en- sign or any picture or representation of either, or of any part or parts of either, made of any substance or represented on any substance, of any size evidently purporting to be either of said flag, standard, colors or ensign of the United States of America or a picture or a representation of either, upon which shall be shown the colors, the stars and the stripes, in any number of either thereof, or of any part or parts of either, by which the average person seeing the same without deliberation may be- lieve the same to represent the flag, colors, standard or ensign of the United States of America. (Approved Feb. 8, 1917.) THREATS AGAINST PRESIDENT. Any person who knowingly and willfully de- posits or causes to be deposited for conveyance in the mail or for delivery from any postoffice or by any letter carrier any letter, paper, writ- ing, print, missive or document containing afiy threat to take the life of or to inflict bodily harm upon the president of the United States or who knowingly and willfully otherwise makes any such threat against the president, shall upon conviction be fined not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both. (Approved Feb. 14. 1917.) INCREASE OF MILITARY REVENUES. (See "Work of 65th Congress" for later law.) Following is the full text of the "Act to pro- vide increased revenue to defray the expenses of the increased appropriations for the army and navy and the extension of fortifications": TITLE I. SPECIAL, PREPAREDNESS FUXD. Section 1. That the receipts from the tax imposed by Title II and one-third of the re- ceipts from the tax imposed by Title III of this act shall constitute a separate fund in the treasury to be used only for the expenditures incurred under the act entitled "An act mak- ing appropriations for the support of the army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917. and for other purposes," approved Aug. 29, 1916; the act M ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. entitled "An act making appropriations for tho naval service for the iiscal year ending June 30, 1917. and for other purposes," approved Aug. 29, 1916; and the act entitled "An act making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes," approved July 6, 1916, or any other act or acts subsequent thereto making appropriations for army, navy or fortification purposes. In addition to such receipts from the taxes imposed under Titles II and III of this act, there shall be credited annually, beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, to such separate fund, the sum of $175,000,000, such sum being the estimated additional revenue to be derived under the act entitled "An act to increase the revenue, and for other purposes," approved Sept. 8, 1916, in excess of the revenue to be derived under then existing laws: Provided, that the secretary of the treasury may use such fund for other purposes, but such fund shall be reimbursed for any portion thereof so used. TITLE II. EXCESS PROFITS TAX. Sec. 200. That when used in this title The term "corporation" includes joint stock companies or associations and insurance com- panies. The term "United States" means only the states, the territories of Alaska and Hawaii, and the District of Columbia; and The term "taxable year" means the twelve months ending Dec. 31, except in the case of a corporation or partnership allowed to fix its own fiscal year, in which case it means such fiscal year. The first taxable year shall be the year ending Dec. 31, 1917. Sec. 201. That in addition to the taxes under existing laws there shall be levied, assessed, collected and paid for each taxable year upon the net income of every corporation and part- nership organized, authorized or existing under the laws of the United States, or of any state, territory or district thereof, no matter how created or organized, excepting income derived from the business of life, health and accident insurance combined in one policy issued on the weekly premium payment plan, a tax of 8 per centum of the amount by which such net in- come exceeds the sum of (a) $5,000 and (b) 8 per centum of the actual capital invested. Every foreign corporation and partnership, in- cluding corporations and partnerships of the Philippine islands and Porto Rico, shall pay for earm taxable year a like tax upon the amount by which its net income received from all sources within the United States exceeds the sum of (a) 8 per centum of the actual capital invested and used or employed in the business in the United States, and (b) that proportion of $5,000 which the entire actual capital in- vested and used or employed in the business in the United States bears to the entire actual capital invested; and in case no such oapital is used or employed in the business in the Unite! States the tax shall be imposed upon that portion of such net income which is in excess of the sum of (a) 8 per centum of that proportion of the entire actual capital invested and used or employed in the business which the net income from sources within the United States bears to the entire net income, and (b) that proportion of $5,000 which the net income from sources within the United States bears to the entire net income. Sec. 202. That for the purpose of this title, actual capital invested means (1) actual cash paid in. (2) the actual cash value, at the time of payment, of assets other than cash paid in, and (3) paid in or earned surplus and undivided profits used or employed in the business; but does not include money or other property bor- rowed by the corporation or partnership. Sec. 203. That the tax herein imposed upon corporations and partnerships shall be computed upon the basis of the net income shown by their income tax returns under Title I of the act entitled "An act to increase the revenue, and for other purposes," approved Sept. 8, 1916, or under this title, and shall be assessed and collected at the same time and in the same manner as the income tax due under Title I of such act of Sept. 8, 1916: Provided, that for the purpose of this title a partnership shall have the same privilege with reference to fix- ing its fiscal year as is accorded corporations under section 13 (a) of Title I of such act of Sept. 8, 1916: And provided further, that where a corporation or partnership makes return prior to March 1, 1918, covering its own fiscal year and includes therein any income received dur- ing the calendar year ending Dec. 31, 1916, the tax herein imposed shall be that proportion of the tax based upon such full fiscal year which the time from Jan. l, 1917, to the end of such fiscal year bears to the full fiscal year. Sec. 204. That corporations exempt from tax under the provisions of section 11 of Title I of the act approved Sept. 8, 1916, and partner- ships carrying on or doing the same business shall be exempt from the provisions of this title, and the tax imposed by this title shall not attach to the incomes of partnerships de- rived from agriculture or from personal serv- ices. Sec. 205. That every corporation having a net income of $5,000 or more for the taxable year making a return under Title I of such act of Sept. 8, 1916, shall, for the purpose of this title, include in such return a detailed statement of the actual capital invested. , Every partnership having a net income of $5,000 or more for the taxable year shall render a correct return of the income of the partner- ship for the taxable year, setting forth specifi- cally the actual capital invested and the gross income for such year and the deductions here- inafter allowed. Such returns shall be ren- dered at the same time and in the same man- ner and form as is prescribed for income tax returns under Title I of such act of Sept. 8, 1916. In computing net income of a partnership for the purposes of this title, there shall be al- lowed like deductions as are allowed to indi- viduals in sections 5 (a) and 6 (a) of such act of Sept. 8, 1916. Sec. 206. That all administrative, special and general provisions of law, including the laws in relation to the assessment, remission, collection and refund of internal revenue taxes not hereto- fore specifically repealed and not inconsistent with the provisions of this title are hereby ex- tended and made applicable to the provisions of Title I of such act of Sept. 8, 1916, relating to returns and payment of the tax therein im- posed, including penalties, are hereby made ap- plicable to the tax required by this title. Sec. 207. That the commissioner of internal revenue, with the approval of the secretary of the treasury, shall make all necessary regula- tions for carrying out the provisions of this title, and may require any corporation or partnership subject to the provisions of this title to fur- nish him with such facts, data and information as in his judgment are necessary to collect the tax provided for in this title. TITLE III. ESTATE TAX. Sec. 300. That Sec. 201, Title II. of the act entitled "An act to increase the revenue, and for other purposes," approved Sept. 8, 1916. be, and the same is hereby, amended to read as follows : "Sec. 201. That a tax (hereinafter in this title referred to as the tax) equal to the following percentages of the value of the net estate, to be determined as provided in section 203, is hereby imposed upon the transfer of the net estate of every decedent dying after the pas- sage of this act. whether a resident or nonresi- dent of the United States: "One and one-half per centum of such estate not in excess of $50,000; "Three per centum of the amount by which such net estate exceeds $50,000 and does not exceed $150,000; ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 11)18. C5 "Four and one-half per centum of the amount by which such net estate exceeds $150,000 and does not exceed $250,000; "Six per centum of the amount by which such net estate exceeds $250,000 and does not exceed $450,000; "Seven and one-half per centum of the amount by which such net estate exceeds $450,000 and does not exceed $1,000,000; "Nine per centum of the amount by which such net estate exceeds $1,000,000 and does not exceed $2,000,000; "Ten and one-half per centum of the amount by which such net estate exceeds $2,000,000 and does not' exceed $3,000,000; "Twelve per centum of the amount by "which such net estate exceeds $3,000,000 and does not exceed $4,000,000; "Thirteen and one-half per centum of the amount by which such net estate exceeds $4,000,- 000 and does not exceed $5,000,000; and "Fifteen per centum of the amount by which such net estate exceeds $5,000,000." Sec. 301. That the, tax on the transfer of the net estate of decedents dying between Sept. 8, 1916, and the passage of this act shall be com- puted at the rates originally prescribed in the act approved Sept. 8, 1916. TITLE IV. MISCELLANEOUS. Sec. 400. That the secretary of the treasury is hereby authorized to borrow on the credit of the United States from time to time such sums as in his judgment may be required to meet public expenditures on account of the Mexican situation, the construction of the armor-plate plant, the construction of the Alaskan railway and the purchase of the Danish West Indies, or to reimburse the treasury for such expendi- tures, and to prepare and issue therefor bonds of the United States not exceeding in the ag- gregate $100,000,000, in such form as he may prescribe, bearing interest payable quarterly at a rate not exceeding 3 per centum per annum; and such bonds shall be payable, principal and interest, in United States gold coin of the pres- ent standard of value, and both principal and interest shall be exempt from all taxes or duties of the United States as well as from taxation in any form by or under state, munic- ipal or local authority, and shall not be re- ceivable by the treasurer of the United States as security for the issue of circulating notes to national banks: Provided, that such bonds may be disposed of by the secretary of the treasury at not less than par, under such regulations as he may prescribe, giving all citizens of the United States an equal opportunity therefor, but no commissions shall be allowed or paid thereon; and a sum not exceeding one-tenth of 1 per centum x of the amount of the bonds herein authorized is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropri- ated, to pay the expenses of preparing, ad- vertising and issuing the same ; And provided further, that in addition to such issue of bonds, the secretary of the treasury may prepare and issue for the purposes specified in this section any portion of the bonds of the United States now available for issue under authority of sec- tion 39 of the act entitled "An act to provide revenue, equalize duties and encourage the in- dustries of the United States, and for other purposes," approved Aug. 5, 1909; And provided further, that the issue of bonds under author- ity of this act and any Panama canal bonds hereafter issued under, authority of section 39 of the act entitled "An act to provide revenue, equalize duties and encourage the industries of the United States, and for other purposes," ap- proved Aug. 5, 1909, shall be made redeemable and payable at such times within fifty years after the date of their issue as the secretary of the treasury, iu his discretion, may deem advisable. CERTIFICATES OF INDEBTEDNESS. Sec. 401. That section 32 of an act entitled "An act providing ways and means to meet war expenditures, and for other purposes," approved June 13, 1898. as amended by section 40 of an act entitled An act to provide revenue, equal- ize duties and encourage the industries of the United States, and for other purposes," ap- proved Aug. 5, 1909, be and the same is hereby amended to read as follows: "Sec. 32. That the secretary of the treasury is authorized to borrow, from time to time, at a rate of interest not exceeding 3 per centum per annum, such sum or sums as, in his judg- ment, may be necessary to meet public expendi- tures, and to issue therefor certificates of in- debtedness in such form and in such denom- inations as he may prescribe; and each certifi- cate so issued shall be payable, with the in- terest accrued thereon, at such time, not ex- ceeding one year from the date of its issue, as the secretary of the treasury may prescribe: Provided, that the sum of such certificates out- standing shall at no time exceed $300,000,000, and the provisions of existing law respecting counterfeiting and other fraudulent practices are hereby extended to the bonds and certificates of indebtedness authorized by this act." EETTJBNS OF DIVIDENDS. Sec. 402. That Title I of the act entitled "An act to increase the revenue, and for other purposes," approved Sept. 8, 1916, be amended by adding to Part III a new section, as fol- lows: "Sec. 26. Every corporation, joint stock com- pany or association, or insurance company sub- ject to the tax herein imposed, when required by the commissioner of internal revenue, shall render a correct return, duly verified under oath, of its payments of dividends, whether made in cash or its equivalent or in stock, including the names and addresses of stockholders and the number of shares owned by each, in such form and manner as may be prescribed by the com- missioner of internal revenue, with the approval of the secretary of the treasury." (Approved March 3, 1917.) NAVAL APPROPRIATION ACT. Following are the chief provisions of the naval appropriation act for the year ending June 30, 1918: For aviation, including procuring, producing, constructing, storing and handling aircraft, rigid dirigibles and appurtenances, maintenance of aircraft stations and development of aviation for naval purposes, $5,133,000. To enable the secretary of war and the .secre- tary of the navy to secure by purchase, con- demnation, donation or otherwise such basic patent or patents as they may consider neces- sary to the manufacture and development of air- craft in the United States for governmental and civil purposes, $1,000,000. For scientific research in the field of aero- nautics. $107,000. For outfits on first enlistment, $2,385,920. For instruments and supplies, $450,000. For arming and equipping naval militia, $1,- 527,617.70. For ordnance and ordnance stores, $S,48S,333. For new machinery, repairs, etc., in naval gun factory, Washington. $2,500,736. For new projectile plant, $2,080,956. For new batteries for ships of the navy, $2,201,000. For batteries for merchant auxiliaries, $4,- 731.174. For ammunition for merchant auxiliaries, $7,- 731.941. For antiaircraft guns and ammunition at naval stations, $3,800,000. For procuring ammunition for issue to ships, $3,500,000. For torpedoes and appliances, $1,049,280. For reserve of ordnance supplies, $4,657,460. For maintenance of yards and docks, $2,709,000. For public works at navy yards, stations, etc, $16,976,255.01. For medical stores, $1,121,740. For pay of the navy, $51,023,776.15. oo ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. For provisions and commuted rations, $10,144,- 943.40. For apparatus and materials as a war re- serve in case of a national emergency, $3,000,000. For coal and other fuel. $6,500,000. For .preservation and completion of vessels on the stocks and in the ordinary repairs, mate- rials, etc.. $12,850,000. For engineering, $12,270,000. For naval academy, $909,049.20. For marine corps, $13,358,187.78. INCREASE OF NAVY. Of the vessels authorized in the act of Aug. 29, 1916. the construction of the following vessels shall be begun as soon as practicable at a cost exclusive of armor and armament not to exceed the following amounts: Three battle ships, $15,- 500.000 each: one battle cruiser, $19,000,000; three scout cruisers, $6,000,000 each ; fifteen destroyers, $1,300,000 each ; one destroyer tender, $2,300,000 ; one submarine tender, $1,900,000; eighteen coast submarines to have a surface displacement of about 800 tons each, $1,300,000 each, and the limits of cost for the four battle cruisers and for three scout cruisers authorized, but not yet contracted for, are increased to not to exceed $19,000,000 each for the battle cruisers and $6,- 000,000 each for the scout cruisers, exclusive of armor and armament, and the construction of these vessels shall be begun as soon as prac- ticable. On account of hulls and outfits and machinery of three battle ships, one battle cruiser, three scout cruisers, fifteen destroyers, one submarine tender, one destroyer tender and other vessels heretofore authorized, $93,123,000. On account of submarine torpedo boats hereto- fore authorized. $16,816,110. and on account of eighteen additional coast submarine torpedo boats herein appropriated for. $6,115,170; in all, submarine torpedo boats, $22,931,280. Toward the armor and armament of vessels heretofore authorized and additional vessels here- in appropriated for, $44,180,000. Toward ammunition for the vessels heretofore appropriated for and for the additional vessels herein appropriated for, $14,528,043. Total increase of the navy heretofore author- ized and herein appropriated for. $174,762,323. In the case of national emergency the presi- dent is authorized to suspend provisions of law prohibiting more than eight hours' labor in any one day of persons engaged upon work covered by contracts with the United States: Provided, that the wages of persons employed upon snch contracts shall be computed on a basic day rate of eight hours' work, with overtime rates to be paid for at not less than time and one-half for all hours worked in excess of eight hours. NAV*L EMERGENCY FfND. To enable the president to secure the more economical and expeditious delivery of materials, equipment and munitions and secure the more expeditious construction of ships authorized and for the purchase or construction of such ad- ditional torpedo boat destroyers, submarine ehasers and such other naval small craft, includ- ing aircraft, guns and ammunition for all of said vessels and aircraft and for each and every purpose connected therewith, as the president may direct, to be expended at the direction and in the discretion of the president, $115,000,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, and to be immediately available. In addition to the eighteen submarines here- inbefore appropriated for. the secretary of the navy is hereby authorized and directed to pro- ceed at once to cause to be constructed twenty coast submarines to have a surface displacement of about S00 tons each at a cost not to exceed $1,300,000 each, exclusive of armor and arma- ment, on the most approved lines according to plans and specifications to be provided or adopted by the secretary of the navy. The same may be let by contract to private builders or constructed by the government in navy yards, or both, as may be directed by the secretary of the navy. Said twenty submarines shall be constructed on the Pacific coast: Provided, that the cost of construction on the Pacific coast does not ex- ceed the cost of construction on the Atlantic coast plus the cost of transportation from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Eighteen million dollars is hereby appropriated toward the construction of said submarines. In time of war, or of national emergency aris- ing prior to March 1, 1918, to be determined by the president by proclamation, the president is hereby authorized and empowered, in addition to all other existing provisions of law: 1. Within the limits of the amounts appro- priated therefor, to place an order with any person for such ships or war material as the necessities of the government, to be determined by the president, may require and which are of the nature, kind and quantity usually pro- duced or capable of being produced by such person. Compliance with all such orders shall be obligatory on any person to whom such order is given, and such -order shall take precedence over all other orders and contracts theretofore placed with such person. If any person owning, leasing or operating any factory equipped for the building or production of ships or war ma- terial for the navy shall refuse or fail to give the government such preference in the execu- tion of such an order, or shall refuse to build, supply, furnish or manufacture the kind, quan- tity or quality of ships or war material so or- dered at such reasonable price as shall be de- termined by the president, the president may take immediate possession of any factory of such person or any part thereof without taking pos- session of the entire factory, and may use the same at such times and in such manner as he may consider necessary or expedient. 2. Within the limits of the amounts appropriated therefor, to modify or cancel any existing con- tract for the building, production or purchase of ships or' war material; and if any contractor shall refuse or fail to comply with the con- tract as so modified the president may take im- mediate possession of any factory of such con- tractor or any part thereof Avithout taking pos- session of the entire factory and may use the same at such times and in such manner as he may consider necessary or expedient. 3. To "require the owner or occupier of any factory in which ships or war material are built or produced to place at the disposal of the United States the whole or any part of the out- put of such factory and, within the limits of the amounts appropriated therefor, to deliver such output or parts thereof in such quantities and at such times as may be specified in the order at such reasonable price as shall be de- termined by the president. 4. To requisition and take over for use or operation by the government any factory or any part thereof without taking possession of the entire factory, whether the United States has or has not any contract or agreement with the owner or occupier of such factory. All authority granted to the president in this paragraph, to be exercised in time of national emergency, shall cease on March 1. 1918. Whenever the United States shall cancel or modify any contract, make use of, assume, oc- cupy, requisition or take over any factory or part thereof or any ships or war material in accordance with the provisions of the act, it shall make .iust compensation therefor, to be de- termined by the president, and if the amount so determined is unsatisfactory to the person entitled to receive the same, such persons shall be paid 50 per centum of the amount so determined by the president and shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further sum as added to the said 50 per centum shall make up snch amount as will be just compensation therefor, in the manner provided In section 145 of the judicial code. The secretary of the navy shall build any or the vessels herein appropriated for in such navy yards as he may designate should it reasonably, appear that the persons, firms or corporations, ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 57 or the agents thereof, bidding for the construc- tion of any of the vessels, have entered into any combination, agreement or understanding, the effect, object or purpose of which is to de- prive the government of fair, open and unre- stricted competition in letting contracts for the construction of any of the vessels: Provided, that the secretary of the navy is hereby au- thorized to build any of the vessels herein au- thorized in such navy yards as he may desig- nate. In the event the secretary of the navy is un- able to secure from the private shipbuilders contracts for the expeditious construction of the ships heretofore authorized at a fair and reasonable price, the sum of $12,000,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated to enable the secretary of the navy to equip the navy yards with suitable and nec- essary machinery, implements, building ways and equipment for the construction of such of said vessels as may be assigned to navy yards for construction. If in the judgment of the secretary of the navy, the most rapid and economical construc- tion of the battle cruiser herein appropriated for can be obtained thereby, he may contract for the construction of said battle cruiser upon the basis of actual cost, plus a reasonable profit to be determined by him. That section 44 of the act entitled "An act to codify, revise and amend the penal laws of the United States," approved March 4, 1909, be, and the same is hereby, amended to read as follows: "Sec. 44. Whoever shall willfully trespass upon, injure or destroy any of the works or property or material of any submarine mine or torpedo or fortification or harbor-defense sys- tem owned or constructed or in process of con- struction by the United States, or shall will- fully interfere with the operation or use of any such submarine mine, torpedo, fortification or harbor-defense system, or shall knowingly, will- fully or wantonly violate any duly authorized and promulgated order or regulation of the pres- ident governing persons or vessels within the limits of defensive sea areas, which defensive sea areas are hereby authorized to be estab- lished by order of the president from time to time as may be necessary in his discretion for purposes of national defense, shall be punished on conviction thereof in a District or Circuit Court of Appeals of the United States for the district or circuit in which the offense is com- mitted, or into which the offender is first brought, by a fine of not more than $5,000. or by imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, or by both, in the discretion of the court." Of each of the sums appropriated by this act, except such amounts as may be required to meet obligations authorized in previous acts and for which contracts have been made, no part shall be used to procure through purchase or contract any vessels, armament, articles or materials which the navy yards, gun factories or other industrial plants operated by the navy department are equipped to supply, unless such government plants are operated approximately at their full capacity for not less than one regular shift each working day, except when contract costs are less than costs in the gov- ernment plants., and except when the govern- ment plants are unable to complete the work within the time required, and except in cases of emergency: Provided, that no part of the appropriations made in this act shall be avail- able for the salary or pay of any officer, man- ager, superintendent, foreman or other person having charge of the work of any employe of the United States government while making or causing to. be made with a stop watch or other time-measuring device a time study of any job of any such employe betwen the starting and completion thereof, or of the movements of any such employe while engaged upon such work; nor shall any part of the appropriations made in this act be available to pay any premium or bonus or cash reward to any employe in ad- dition to his regular wages, except for sug- gestions resulting in improvements or economy in the operation of any government plant. No part of any sum herein appropriated shall be expended for the purchase of structural steel, ship plates, armor, armament or machinery from any persons, firms or corporations who are par- ties to any existing combination or conspiracy to monopolize the interstate or foreign com- merce or trade of the United States, or the com- merce or trade between the states and any ter- ritory or the District of Columbia, in any of the articles aforesaid, and no purchase of structural steel, ship plates or machinery shall be made at a price in excess of a reasonable profit above the actual cost of manufacture. But this limitation shall in no case apply to any existing contract. No part of any sum herein appropriated under "Increase of the Navy" shall be used for the payment of any clerical, drafting, inspection or messenger service, or for the pay of any of the other classified force under the various bureaus of the navy department, Washington, D. C. No part of any sum appropriated by this act shall be used for any expense of the navy de- partment at Washington, D. C, unless specific authority is given by law for such- expenditure. During the fiscal year 191S all civilian em- ployes ri the naval establishment, including on the lump-sum rolls only those persons who are carried thereon at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, shall receive increased compensation at the rate of 10 per centum per annum to such employes who receive salaries or wages in such establishment at the rate per annum of less than $1,200. and increased com- pensation at the rate of 5 per centum per an- num to such employes who receive salaries or wages in such establishment at a rate of not more than $1,800 per annum. MORE MIDSHIPMEN. Hereafter, in addition to the appointment of midshipmen to the United States naval academy, as now prescribed by law, the secretary of the navy is allowed 100 appointments annually, in- stead of twenty-five as now prescribed by law, to be appointed from the enlisted men of the navy who are citizens of the United States and not more than 20 years of age on the date of entrance to the naval academy, and who shall have served not less than one year as enlisted men on the date of entrance: Provided, that such appointments shall be made in the order of merit from candidates who have, in com- petition with each other, passed the mental ex- amination now cr hereafter required by law for entrance to the naval academy and who passed the physical examination before entrance under existing laws. The president, in his discretion, is authorized to reduce the course of instruction at the naval academy from four to three years for a period of two years from the date of the approval of this act, and may during said two years graduate classes which have completed a three year course. (Approved March 4, 1917.) FOR EMERGENCY EXPENDITURES. Joint resolution. The secretary of the treasury is authorized to borrow on the credit of the United States from time to time such sums as may be neces- sary ta meet emergency expenditures directed by the president for naval construction or the expediting thereof, as may be authorized by law, not exceeding $150,000,000, or to reimburse the treasury for such expenditures and to pre- pare and issue therefor bonds of the United States in such form and subject to such terms and conditions as the secretary of the .reasury may prescribe: Provided, that the secretary of the treasury is hereby authorized to issue serial bonds of the United States maturing in equal amounts from date of issue to twenty years from date of issue, bearing interest payable ns ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. semiannually at a rate not exceeding 3 per centum per annum: Provided further, that such bonds shall be issued at not less than par, shall bear interest not exceeding 3 per centum per annum, shall not have the circulation privilege attached and that all citizens of the United States shall be given an equal opportunity to subscribe therefor, but no commission shall be allowed or paid thereon; both principal and interest shall be payable in United States gold coin of the present standard of value and shall be exempt from all taxes or duties of the United States, as well as from taxation in any form by or under state, municipal or local authority. In order to pay the necessary ex- penses connected with said issue of bonds a sum not exceeding one-tenth of 1 per centum of the amount of bonds herein authorized is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise^ appropriated, to be expended as the secretary of the treasury may direct. (Ap- proved March 4, 1917.) FORTIFICATIONS AND OTHER WORKS OF DEFENSE. Included in the act (approved Feb. 14, 1917), making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof a 3d -for the procurement of heavy ord- nance for trial and service were the follow- ing items: Construction of gun and mortar batteries, $2,500,000. Modernizing older emplacements, $102,000. Construction of fire control stations and ac- cessories, $608,796. Electric light and power plants, $110,000. Searchlights, $250,000. Sites for fortifications, $100,000. Purchase, manufacture, maintenance, opera- tion and repair of airships and other aerial ma- chines, buildings for equipment and other ac- cessories necessary in the aviation section for use in connection with the seacoast defenses of the United States, $3,600,000. Purchase, manufacture and test of mountain, field and siege cannon, including their equip- ment, and machinery necessary for their manu- facture at the arsenals, $6,900,000. Purchase, manufacture and test of ammuni- tion for the foregoing, $7,310,000. Purchase, manufacture and test of seacoast cannon, $9,231,000. Purchase, manufacture and test of ammunition for seacoast cannon, for modernizing projectiles on hand and for necessary experiments in con- nection therewith. $10,940,000. Purchase, manufacture and test of ammunition, subcaliber guns and other accessories for sea- coast artillery practice, $572,000. Alteration and maintenance of mobile artillery, $1,000,000. Purchase, manufacture and test of ammunition, subcaliber guns and other accessories for moun- tain, field and siege artillery practice, $1,000,000. Alteration and maintenance of seacoast ar- tillery, $700,000. Airships at coast defenses of Philippines, $600,- 000; Hawaiian islands, $600,000. Ordnance department: Seacoast cannon for coast defenses. $617,000; ammunition for seacoast cannon. $2,229,000; alteration and maintenance of seacoast artillery, $494,510. All of the material purchased shall be of American manufacture, except in cases when, in the judgment of the secretary of war, it is to the manifest interest of the United States to make purchases in limited quantities abroad. WEBB -KEN YON LIQUOR LAW HELD VALID. In a decision announced Jan. 8, 1917, the United States Supreme court declared valid and consti- tutional the Webb-Kenyon law prohibiting the shipments of liquor from wet to dry states. It also sustained a recent West Virginia law pro- hibiting importations in interstate commerce of liquor for personal use. Following is the official digest prepared by the court of the majority opinion (from which Justices Holmes and Van Devanter dissented) : "1. That the West Virginia law, besides pro- hibiting the manufacture and sale of all intoxi- cants except as to that which is permitted for medical, sacramental and manufacturing pur- poses, also forbids all transportation of liquor and all receipt and possession of liquor trans- ported in the state, whether originating in or outside of the state, and, although it does not prohibit personal use, puts serious restrictions upon the power to obtain for such use. "The court holds that, in view of the well established police authority of the state over intoxicants, there is no reason to think that this law was in any wise repugnant to the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment to the constitution of the United States. It, how- ever, decides that unless the state authority has an exceptional application to shipments of interstate commerce as the result of the act of congress known as the Webb-Kenyon law the provisions of the state law restricting shipments of intoxicants into the state from other states would be unconstitutional, because interfering with the power of congress to regulate com- merce among the states, and consequently would be a direct burden upon such commerce. "2. Considering the Webb-Kenyon act, the court" holds that there is no foundation for the con- tention that the act only applies to shipments from one state into another for a use- pro- hibited by the state to which the liquor is shipped. On the contrary, it is decided that the Webb-Kenyon act, to use the words of the act, applies to shipments of liquor 'intended to be received, possessed, sold, or in any manner used' in violation of the laws of the state. As this conclusion causes every prohibition of the West Virginia law to be embraced and come under the right conferred by congress by the Webb-Kenyon act. it is decided that the West Virginia law was not in conflict with the commerce clause of the constitution and the power of congress to regulate commerce if con- gress had power to enact the Webb-Kenyon law. "3. Disposing of that question, it is decided that congress had the power under the constitu- tion to adopt the Webb-Kenyon law, whether considered from the point of view of original reasoning or in the light of the previous legisla- tion by congress and the decisions of the court holding that legislation valid. It is therefore decided that by virtue of the Webb-Kenyon law there is no power to ship intoxicants from one state into another in violation of the prohibi- tions of the law of the state into which the liquor is shipped. In other words, it is de- cided that since the enactment of the Webb- Kenyon law the channels of interstate com- merce may not be used to convey liquor into a state against the prohibitions of its laws, or to use interstate commerce as the basis for a right to receive, possess, sell, or in any manner use liquor contrary to the state prohibition." TUNGSTEN DEPOSITS IN CALIFORNIA. Exploitation of the tungsten deposits in Inyo county, California, was begun in 1916, when by midsummer two mills having a daily capacity of 400 tons were in operation. The ore bodies that were then mined were from twentv to sixty feet wide and from 150 to 260 feet long. The area in which scheelite-bearing deposits were found formed, so far as then explored, a belt about twenty miles long. Scheehte forms one of the principal ore minerals of tungsten, which is extensively used in the steel and aluminum industries. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR .1918. MONEY AND FINANCE. COINAGE F GOLD AND SILVER BY NA TIONS IN 1915. [From report of the director of the mint.] Figures are for the calendar year. Country. Gold. Silver. United States $23,968,402 $1,544,319 Philippines Australia 8,276,315 British West Africa Canada Great Britain 103,737,492 India Bulgaria Chile 476,588 China Costa Rica 4.654 Cuba 5,618,000 Denmark 2,853,943 Dutch East Indies Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia (Abyssinia) France Tunis 249 Germany 6.041,014 Italy Italian Somaliland ... v Japan 15,084,610 Morocco Netherlands Persia 109,027 Peru 447,640 Portugal Serbia Siam Sweden Switzerland 3,667,000 Turkey 13,210,105 Total Recoinage 44,044 333,906 28,407 66,438 13,466,965 3,072,649 417,916 836,239 56,502,742 * 1,906', 225 290,412 521,391 11,812 1,353.509 13,689 6,013.002 155,334 3,565,999 1,270,497 49,054 727,262 433,313 2,576,628 850,021 759,410 933,864 1,162,135 1,478,672 187,929 13,930 1,689 ..183,518,602 ,. 33,849,812 100.679.3S5 22,438,370 New coinage .149,668,790 78,241,015 WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER IN 1915. [From report of the director of the mint.] Figures are for calendar year. Country. Gold. United States $101,035,700 Canada 18,936,971 Mexico 6,559,275 Central American States.. 2,970,271 Bolivia and Chile 814,418 Brazil 2,424,515 Colombia 5,453,148 Ecuador 545,674 Peru 1,109,891 Uruguay 11,836 British Guiana 923,892 Dutch Guiana 449,054 French Guiana 1.959,793 Venezuela 612,796 Austria-Hungary 200,744 France 1,400,000 Great Britain 19,266 Greece Italy 2,295 Norwav . Portugal 661 Russia 28,586,392 Spain Sweden 22,532 Turkey 475 British New Guinea 377,757 New South Wales 2,738,97 Northern Territory 13,850 Queensland 5,161,983 South Australia 163,638 Victoria 6.802,438 Western Australia 25,015,188 New Zealand 8,740.567 Tasmania 383,400 British India 11.522.457 China 2,804,692 Silver. $38,898,801 14,738,108 20,533,743 1,515,504 2,008,254 11,169 182,281 12,794 4,888,200 816,129 '"50,050 306,922 246,241 228,801 1,068 '2,369]075 12,579 783,119 1,599^287 "*i24',4i6 "*"8i569 "' i47*827 9,460 Country, Gold. Chosen ..? $3,739,477 British East Indies 4.398,476 Federated Malay states... 351,524 Formosa 1,143,017 Indo-China 43,659 Japan 5,385,917. Belgian Congo 1,029,189 Egypt 144,910 French East Africa 43,414 Madagascar 1.160,055 Rhodesia 18,915,324 Transvaal, Cape Colony and Natal 189. 033,156 Sierra Leone 8,304,551 Silver. $11,352 24,377 543 2,635,881 2,475 96,121 517,041 Total 470,466,214 93,277,933 WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER SINCE 1492. [From report qf the director of the mint, 1915.] calendar Years. Gold. Silver (coining value). Per cent gold. Per sil- ver 14921520 $107,931,000 114,205.000 90.492.000 90.917.000 98.095.000 113.248.000 110.324.000 116.571.000 123.048.000 143.088.000 170.403.000 253.611.000 327.161.000 275,211.000 236,464,000 118.152.000 76.063.000 94.479.000 134.841.000 363.928.000 662,566.000 670.415,000 614.944.000 648,071.000 577,883.000 572,931,000 495.582.000 564,474.000 814,736.000 1.286,505.400 1,610 309.700 402.503.000 412,966.000 443.006.200 454,059.100 455,259.800 461,939.700 466.136.100 459.941.100 439.078,260 470 466 214 $54,703,000 96,986.000 207.240.000 248.990.000 348.254,000 351,579,000 327,221,000 304.525.000 280.166.000 284,240,000 295.629.000 358.480.000 443,232,000 542.658,000 730.810.000 371.677.000 224.786.000 191.444.iX10 247,930.000 324.400.000 184.169,000 188,092.000 228^61.000 278,313,000 409.332.000 509,256.000 594,773.000 704.074.000 1.018,708.000 1,071.148.400 1,066.848.300 213.403.600 238.l66.61Xi 262.634.500 274.293.700 286.652.300 292,451.500 261,402.300 289.497 000 207.678.038 232,409,131 66.4 55.9 30.4 26.7 22.0 24.4 25.2 27.7 30.5 33.5 36.6 41.4 4-2 5 33.7 24.4 24.1 25.3 33.0 35.2 52.9 78.3 78.1 72.9 70.0 58.5 53.0 45.5 44.5 44.4 54.6 60.2 65.3 63.4 62.8 62.3 61.4 63.3 60.2 62.9 67.9 66.9 33.6 44.1 69.6 73 3 1521-1544 15451560 1561 15S0 15811600 ,... 78.0 75.6 74 8 1601-1620 13211640 16411660 72.3 69.5 66.5 63 4 16611680 16811700 17011720 1721-1740 17411760 58.6 57 5 17611780 66.6 75 3 17811800 1801-1810 1811-1820 18211830 75.9 74.0 67.8 64 1 18311840 18411850 47.7 21.9 21.1 27.0 30.5 41.0 18511855 18561860 18611865 18661870 18711875 18761880 47.5 54.5 55.6 55.4 45.8 39.9 34 7 1881-1885 18861890 18911895 18961900 19011905 1906 1907 36 6 1908... 37.2 37 7 1909 1910 38 6 1911 36.7 1912, 1913 39.8 37 1 1914 1915 32.1 33.1 Total ' 16.144.635.274 15,087,912.069 51.7 48.3 PRODUCTION OF GOLD AKD SILVER BY STATES AND TERRITORIES. [From report of the director of the mint.l Calendar years. GOLD. State. 1914. 1915. 1916. Alaska $16,547,200 $16,710,000 $16,242,300 Arizona 4,568,900 4*555,900 4,378,400 California 21,251,900 " Colorado 19,902.400 Georgia 16,800 Idaho L187.200 Montana 4,143,600 Nevada 11,536,200 New Mexico 1,219,100 North Carolina .... 130,300 Oregon 1,589,400 South Carolina .... 3,200 South Dakota 7,354,000 22,547,400 23,110,300 22,530,800 19,009,100 34,800 20,200 1,170,600 971.700 4,978,300 4.575,400 11,883,700 8,428.200 1,460,100 1,403,000 170,700 29,700 1,867,100 1.901.6Q0 300 3,600 7,403,500 7,512,200 60 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. State. Texas Utah Washington Wyoming Philippine Islands Other 1914. $8,800 3,377,000 587,800 6,700 1,099,300 22,000 1915. $1,800 3,907,900 461,600 13,900 1,320,900 13,100 1916. $500 3,593,400 491,800 83,800 1,549.600 14,900 VALUE). 526,100 938,277 2,826,500 4,415,291 843,100 1,274,433 3,591,900 5,112,404 100 66 6,506,800 6,910,017 Total value 94,531,800 101,035,700 92,316,400 Total fine oz. (troy) 4, 572, 976 SILVER (COMMERCIAL Alaska 478,800 Arizona 2,455,000 California 1,117,500 Colorado 4,868,800 Georgia 100 Idaho 6,953,300 MONEY OF THE WORLD (JAN. 1. 1915). Monetary systems and approximate stocks of money in the principal countries of the world as reported by the director of the mint. State. Michigan Montana 1914. $229,800 6,932,800 8,780,100 979,500 800 81,500 1915. $290,300 7,195,600 7,210,500 1,165,900 700 62,600 1916. $376,679 9,703,798 8,410,221 New Mexico North Carolina .... Oregon 1,315,680 263 107,754 South Dakota 99,400 317,800 6,482,300 188,700 100 81,500 62,500 40,067,700 72,455,100 98,600 361,500 6,522,200 106,700 1,400 7,600 79,200 37,397,300 74,961,075 139,988 453,581 Utah Washington Wyoming Philippine Islands. Other 8,529,356 135,647 3,092 11,775 107,557 Total 47,945,879 Total fine oz. (troy) 72,883,800 Monetary Country. standard. United States Gold... Australia Gold... Canada Gold.. Ceylon Gold.. United kingdom Gold... Pound sterling India Gold... Pound sterling and rupee South Africa Gold... Pound sterling Straits Settlement Gold... Dollar Bulgaria Gold Chosen ( Korea ) Gold Denmark Gold Egypt Gold France Gold.. Germany Gold.. Greece Gold.. Italy Gold.. Japan Gold.. Morocco Silver. Netherlands Gold.. Norway Gold Portugal ... Monetary unit. Dollar Pound sterling... Dollar Rupee .. Lev .. Yen . . Crown . , .. Piaster . .. Franc ... .. Mark .... . . Drachma. .. Lira Yen Rial Florin . . Crown Uncovered , Per capita N Gold.* Silver.* paper.* Gold.Silver.Paper. Tot. $2,299,454 $756,011 $965,039 $22.64 $7.44 $9.50 $39.58 249,527 170,560 1.140 661,944 42.412 32.572 1.665 19.569 1.256 31.168 22,832 1.384,125 714.073 11.518 335,689 143.128 10,000 41.41 2,835 134,233 21.12 451,013 45,416 * 13,434 13,827 59,368 16,027 28,435 21,827 ..Gold... Escudo Ruble Pical Russia Gold. Siam Gold... Spain Gold... Sweden Gold... Switzerland Gold... Turkey Gold. Argentina Gold. Brazil Gold. Guiana. British Gold. Guiana. Dutch Gold., Paraguay Gold.. Peru Gold. Uruguay Gold. Venezuela Gold.. Guatemala Silver.. Peso Nicaragua Silver.. Peso Panama Gold... Balboa Salvador Silver.. Peso Total Thousands of dollars. Blank spaces in table 172.536 24.887 17,794 1,058.480 . Crown . Franc .. Piaster . . Peso . . Milreis . . Pound sterling. . . Florin . Peso .. Libra .. Peso Bolivar 167.375 43,542 48,276 291,197 228.939 4,780 204.393 112,194 2,601 10,792 11,580 3.326 12,854 21,634 411,090 1,502,511 7,806 758,952 65 14,034 46,568 616,813 71,507 40,738 1,114 195,968 57.709 4,395 17,307 41,646 111,316 171,465 2,046,461 7,549 5,393 241,811 92,648 10,492 52.399 34,033 129,888 741,166 4.56 14.26 .13 5.08 2.22 4.16 .08 10.67 1.79 34.86 10.53 2.23 9.06 2.58 .35 16.62 19.12 15.17 4.40 9.72 .14 .36 .41 2.09 14.39 18.44 2.46 12.63 .21 1.03 4.41 9.74 1.70 1.71 10.35 37.85 .12 11.19 2.72 1.26 16.65 1.29 .73 22 27.21 30.91 9.42 10.11 1.79 7.03 2.99 6.99 18.68 5.93 .96 4.50 56,805 8.22 11.88 7.72 1.86 12.60 2.58 13.69 2.67 4.55 9.29 6.11 29.04 94.02 24.408 563,658 28,356 2.057 975 188 3.425 1,898 1,464 ""315 13 1.554 9,463 4,011 1,747 1.00 .12 .59 2.41 4.42 23.13 .73 3.25 -1.88 ".59 1.55 .52 23.19 2.83 1.34 34.67 1.63 1.89 2.91 13 .03 1,412 1.22 .63 7.58 35.05 19.25 1.32 24.82 5.20 83.06 21.84 4.95 26.97 4.60 .22 67.54 18.93 28.66 11.39 1.51 24,65 18.87 24.06 22.47 123.06 24.19 6.20 3.81 37.08 6.64 24.68 1.25 1.89 3.44 .16 2,33 8,258,213 2,441,012 8,582,792 indicate no satisfactory information is available. PRODUCT OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THE UNITED STATES (1792-1915). [For 1792-1873 is by R. W. Raymond, commissioner, and since by the director of the mint.] Period. Gold. Silver. Total. April 2. 1792-July 31. 1834 $14,000,000 Insignificant$14,000,000 July 31, 1834-Dec. 31, 1844 7,500,000 $250,000 7,750,000 1845-1850 103,036,769 300.000 103,336,769 1851-1860 551,000,000 1,100,000 552,100,000 1861-1870 474,250,000 100,750,000 575,000,000 1871-1880 395,300,000 360,300,000 755,600,000 1881-1890 326,620,000 535,056,000 861,676,000 1891 33,175,000 75,417,000 108,592,000 1892 33,000,000 82,101,000 115,101.000 1893 35,955,000 77,576,000 113,531,000 1894 39,500,000 64,000,000 103,500,000 1895 46,610,000 72,051.000 118,661,000 1896 53,088,000 76,069,000 129.157,000 1897 57,363,000 69,637,000 127.000.000 189S 64,463,000 70,384,000 134.847,000 1899 71,053,000 70,806,000 141.859,000 Period. Gold. 1900 $79,171,000 1901 78,667,000 1902 80,000,000 1903 73,591,700 1904. 1905. 1906, 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911 96.890.000 1912 93,451,500 1913 88.884,400 1914 94.531,800 1915 101,035,700 Total ,464,700 88,180,700 94,373,800 90.435,700 94.560.000 99.673.400 96.269,100 Silver. $74,533,000 71,388,000 71,758,000 70,206,000 57,682,800 34,222,000 38,256,400 37.299,700 28.050,600 28,455,200 30,854,500 32,615,700 39,197,400 40,348,100 40.067.700 37,397,300 Total. $153,704,000 150,055,000 151,758,000 143,797,700 138,147,500 122,402,700 132,63"0\200 127,735,400 122,610,600 128,128,600 127,123,600 129,505,700 132,649,000 129,232.500 134,599,500 138,433,000 , . .2,507,079,9001.628,828,200 4,135,908,100 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 61 STOCK OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THE UNITED STATES. Fiscal Year Ended JCNE30. POPULA- TION. Total Coin and Bullion. Per Capita. Gold. Silver. Gold. Silver. Total metallic 1873 41,677,000 50.155,783 62,622.250 76,891.000 90.363.000 93,983,000 95,656.000 97.337.000 99.027.000 100,725.000 102,431.000 $135,000,000 351,841,206 1,695,563.029 1,034,439,264 1. 635.424,513 1,753,134,114 1.812,856,241 1,866,619,157 1,871,611,723 1,973.330.201 2.450.516.328 $6,149,305 148.522.S78 463,211.919 647,371,030 727,078.304 732.002.448 741,184.095 745,585.964 753,563,709 758,039.421 763.218.469 $3.23 7.01 11.10 13.45 18.10 18.65 18.95 19.17 18.90 19.59 23.92 $0.15 2.96 7.39 8.42 8.05 7.79 7.75 7.66 7.61 7.53 7.45 $3.38 9 97 1880 1890 18 49 1900 21 87 1910 26 15 1911 1912 1913 : 26.70 26 83 1914 26 51 1915 27 12 1916 : 31.37 PRICE OF BAR SILVER IN LONDON. Highest, lowest and average price of bar silver per ounce British standard (.925) since 1872 and the equivalent in United States gold coin of an ounce 1.000 fine, taken at the average price. Calendar Year. Lowest quota- tion. Highest quota- tion. Average quota- tion. Value of a fine oz. at av. quotat'n Calendar Year. Lowest quota- tion. Highest quota- tion. Average quota- tion. Value of a fine oz. at av. quotat'n 1873 57% d. 57k 55^ 46% 53k 49^ S3 V 50 49^ ? 43k 41% 42 43% 43^ SB 27 59 15-16 d. 59^ ssS 58k 55k 52% 52% 52% 51 3-16 50 47 47^ 44 9-16 44% 54% 38% 31% 59k d. 58o-16 if 54 13-16 52 9-16 $1 51 15-16 51 13-16 S 48 9-16 45% 44% 42% 41 11-16 45 1-16 35 9-16 28 7-16 $1,298 1.278 1.246 1.156 1.201 1.152 1.123 1.145 1.138 1.136 1.110 1.113 1.0645 .9946 .97823 .93897 .93512 1.04633 .98782 .87106 .78031 .63479 1895 27 3-16 d. P 26% 27 2415-16 2111-16 21 11-16 24 7-16 25 7-16 29 9* 22 23 3-16 23 11-16 26 7-16 22% 22 5-16 26 11-16 31% d. 31 15-16 2913-lb I* 30k 29 9-16 26 1-16 28 % 28S-16 30 5-16 32 7-16 27 2413-16 26 29 11-16 29% 27k 27k 35 13-16 29% d. 27M6 26 15-16 27 7-16 28 5-16 27 3-16 24 1-16 24% 26 13-32 27 27-32 30% 30 3-16 2413-32 23.7024 24 21-32 2419-32 28 3-64 27 9-16 23 21-32 31k $0.65406 1874 1896 .67437 1875 1897 .60462 1876 1898 .59010 1877 1899 1900 .60154 1878 .62007 1879 1901 .59595 1880 1902 .52795 1881 1903 .54257 1882 1904 .57876 1883 1905 .61087 1884 1906 .67629 1885 ...... 1907 .66153 1886 1908 .53490 1887 1909 .53016 1888 1910 .54077 1889 1911 .53928 1890 1912 1913 .61470 1891 .60458 1892 1914 .55312 1893 1915 .51892 1894 1916 .68647 BULLION VALUE OF 371k GRAINS OF PURE SILVER AT ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE OF SILVER. Year. Value. 1860 *1.U45 1870 1.027 1877 929 1878 892 1879 869 1881. .875 Year. Value. 1882 $0,878 1883 857 1884 859 .769 .757 .726 Year. Value. 1889 $0,723 1890 809 1891 764 1892 674 .490 .505 1895. Year. Value. 1896 $0,522 .467 .456 .465 .479 .460 .408 1900. 1901. 1902. Year. 1904... 1905... 1906... 1907... Value. ..$0 419 ... .447 ... .472 ... .523 ... .511 ... .414 ... .402 Year. Value. 1910 $0,418 1911 419 1912 475 1913 488 1914 428 1915 401 1916 530 COINAGE OF GOLD AND SILVER OF THE WORLD (1902-1915). CALEN- GOLD. Silver. CALEN- DAR YEAR. Gold. Silver. DAR YEAR. Fine ounces. 10.662,098 11.634,007 22.031,285 11.898.037 17,721,058 19.921.014 15.S2s.5T3 Value. Fine ounces. Coining value. Fine ounces Value. Fine ounces. Coining value. 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 $220,405,125 240,496.274 455,427,085 245,954,257 366,330.450 411.803,902 327,205,649 149.826,725 161,159,508 145.332,335 73,371,385 120,339,501 171,561.490 151,352.824 $193,715,362 208.367.849 172,270.379 103,880.205 155.590,466 221,816,876 195.688,499 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 15,153,116 22,004,542 18,002,444 17.447.478 15.494.784 12,025.303 8,887,712 $313,242,714 454.874,248 372.143,555 360.671,382 320,305,619 248,585,071 183,518.602 87,728.951 78.786,842 117,237,838 161,763,415 155 497.316 192.501,238 194.017.162 $113,427,331 108.915,627 148,156,282 171.293.019 155.265.702 106 478.285 100.679,385 GOLD AND SILVER COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES. By calendar years. YEAR. Gold. Silver. YEAR. Gold. Silver. Year. Gold. Silver. 1 $23,034,033 TEAR. Gold. Silver. 1878.... $49,786,052 $28,518,850 11888.... $31,380,808 $33,025,606 1898.... $77,985,757 111.344,220 1908.... $131,638,632 $12,391,775 1879,... H9.0SO.OS0 27,569,776 11889.... 21.413,931 35,490.683 1899.... 26,061,520 1909.,.. 88,776.907 8,087,852 1880.... 62.308.279 27,411,694 11890.... 20,467,182 39,202,908 1900.... 99,272,942 36.295,321 1910.... 104.723,735 3,740,468 !S81,... 96.850.080 27.940.164 1891.... 29.222.005 27,518,858 1901.... 101,735.188 30,888,461 1911.... 56.176.822 6,457.301 1882.... 65.887.6S5 27,973.132 1892.... 34.787,223 12,641,078 1902 .. . 47.184.932 30.028. 167 1912.... 17,498.522 7.340,995 883.... 29,241.990 29.246.968 11893. . . . 56.997.020 8.802,797 1903.... 43.683.97t 19.874.440 1913.... 25,433.378 3,184.229 1884.... 23.991.756 28.534.866 11894. .. 79.546.160 9,200.351 1904.... 233,402.428 15.695 610 1914.... 53,457,817 6.083.823 1885.... 27,773.012 28,962.176 1895.... 59.616.358 5.698.010 1905.... 49.638.441 6.332.187 1915.... 23.968.401 4.114,082 1886,... 28.945.542 32.086,701 11896... 47.053.06C 23.0S9.899 1906.... 77.538.045 10.651. 087 1916.... 18,525,026 8,880,800 1887.... 23.972.383 35.191.0S1 11897.... 76.028.485 18.487.207 1907 ... 131,907.490 13.178.435* G2 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. COMMERCIAL RATIO Year. Ratio. 1700 14.8J 1720 15.04 1740 14.94 1750 14.56 1760 14.14 1770 14.62 1780 14.72 1790 15.04 1800 15.68 1810 15.77 1820 15.62 Year. Ratio. 1830 15.82 1840 15.62 1850 15.70 1860 15.29 1866 15.43 1867 15.57 1868 15.59 1869 15.60 1870 15.57 1871 15.57 1872 15.63 Year. Ratio. 1873 15.92 1874 16.17 1875 16.59 1876 17.88 1877 17.22 1878 17.94 1879 18.40 1880.... ,....18.05 1881 18.16 1882 18.19 1883 18.64 OF SILVER TO Year. Ratio. 1884 18.57 1885 19.41 1886 20.78 1887 21.13 1888 21.99 1889 22.10 1890 19.76 1891.... -....20.92 1892 23.72 1893 26.49 1894 32.56 GOLD. "Sear. Ratio. 1895 31.60 1896 30.59 1897 34.20 1898 35.03 1899 34.36 1900 33.33 1901 34.68 1902 39.15 1903 38.10 1904 35.70 1905 .33.87 Year. Ratio- 1906 30.54 1907 31.24 1908 38.62 1909 39.73 1910 38.22 1911 33.34 1912 33.64 1913 34.19 1914 37.34 1915 39.84 1916 33.21 Total Net Dividends to Div. to cap Earnings to Capital. Surplus. dividends. earnings. capital. and surplus, cap.&sur. $976,698,764 $644,723,512 $52,208,642 $80,484,539 5.35 3.21 4.96 1,010,619,535 677,772,638 52,330,157 72,498,580 5.13 3.10 4.29 1,031,383,425 704,346,706 120,300,872 149,056,603 11.66 6.9S 8.59 1,051,720,675 725,272,182 119,906,051 160,980,084 9.06 6.75 11.40 1,063,978,175 714,117,131 121,147,096 149,270,170 11.39 6.81 8.39 1,068,577,080 726,620,202 113,639,415 127,052,973 10.63 6.33 7.08 1,066,208,875 731,820,305 114,724,595 157,543,547 10.76 6.38 8.75 BANKING STATISTICS. [From reports of the comptroller of the currency.] NATIONAL BANKS OF THE UNITED STATES. Year ended July 1 Banks. 1910 7,043 1911 7,186 1912 7,307 1913 7,404 1914 7,453 3915 7,560 1916 7,579 NATIONAL BANK NOTES. Bank notes outstanding by denominations and amounts. Denominations. Mar. 13, 1900. Oct. 31, 1916. Ones $348,275 $342,137 Twos 167,466 163,468 Fives 79,310,710 112,183,440 Tens 79.37S.160 309,851,790 Twenties 58,770,660 237,727,380 Fifties 11,784,150 29,696,300 One hundreds 24,103,400 37,038,100 Five hundreds 104,000 88,000 One thousands 27,000 22,000 Unredeemed fractions 32,409 55,527 Total 254,026,230 727,168,142 NATIONAL BANKS WITH LARGEST CAPITAL. The national banks having $5,000,000 or more capital in 1917 were: Bank of Commerce, New York, N. Y., $25,000,000. National City, New York, N. Y., $25,000,000. Continental and Com'ercial, Chicago, 111.. $21,500,000. First National, New York, N. Y., $10,000,000. First National, Chicago, 111., $10,000,000. National Bank of Com'rce, St. Louis, Mo., $10,000,000. No. Capital. National banks 7,579 $1,066,000,000 State (etc.) banks 19,934 1,129,000,000 Nonreporting banks 3,000 60,000,000 Federal reserve banks 12 54,800,009 Total ..... 30,525 2,309,800,000 STOCK SAVINGS BANKS IN THE UNITED June 23, 1915, and June 30, 1916. , 1915 < , State. Banks. Depositors. Deposits. . Av. Banks Alabama ... 11 17,294 $1,000,665.39 $57.86 16 Arizona 3 4.206 1,906,367.24 453.24 3 California 129 896,975 411,339,391.21 458.58 128 Colorado 6 9,962 2,252,012.58 226.06 7 District of Columbia.. 18 80.640 12,009,195.68 148.92 20 Florida 4 7.197 1,410,561.46 195.99 4 Georgia 22 43.331 11,015,593.63 254.22 29 Idaho 1 2.113 183,414.19 86.80 t Iowa 832 614.566 224,671,130.34 365.57 Kansas 10 21,671 4.576,339.98 211.17 Kentucky 16 39.892 6,480,379.04 162.44 9 Louisiana 11 69.085 17,066,502.95 247.03 12 Maryland 32 42.401 12.361,731.66 291.54 28 Michigan 190 550.802 187,031,772.54 339.56 4 Minnesota 22 23.112 7,325,768.71 316.95 . 2 Mississippi 13 10.244 2.236,263.86 218.29 10 Montana 5 9.548 3,448,061.64 361.12 t Nebraska 21 20.730 3,442,082.70 166.04 21 Nevada 1 1,954 1,414,016.18 723.64 t Shawmut. Boston, Mass., $10,000,000. Bank of California, San Francisco, Cal., $8,500,000. Mechanics and Metals, New York, N. Y., $6,000,000. Farmers' Deposit, Pittsburgh, Pa., $6,000,000. Mellon National, Pittsburgh, Pa., $6,000,000. Wells Fargo-Nevada, San Francisco, Cal.. $6,000,000. First National, Cincinnati, O., $6,000,000. Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., $5,000,000. American Exchange. New York, N. Y., $5,000,000. Chase, New York, N. Y., $5,000,000. National Park, New York. N. Y., $5,000,000. First National. Boston, Mass., $5,000,000. First National, Detroit, Mich.. 85,000,000. Marine, Buffalo, N. Y.. $5,000,000. BANKING POWER OF THE UNITED STATES. The banking power of the United States in June. 1916, was $29,353,500,000, as represented by capital, surplus and other profits, circulation and deposits of national and other reporting banks, together with the estimated amount of funds of this character in nonreporting banks, as of June 30, 1916, as well as the paid-in capital, net re- serve deposits and federal reserve notes in circu- lation, as shown by the statement of the federal reserve banks. Surplus and profits. Deposits. Circulation. Total. $1,037,200,000 $8,164,100,000 $676,100,000 $10,943,400,000 1.376,800,000 14,748,800,000 17,254,600,000 36,000,000 435,000,000 531,000,000 558,600,000 11,100,000 624,509,000 2,450,000,000 23,906,500,000 687,200,000 29,353.500,000 STATES. Depositors. 229.000 6.063 985.319 11,755 101.452 7.197 54,424 -1916 Deposits. $13,311,009.83 2,590,354.95 474,485,569.90 2,654,529.55 13,535,000.00 1,759,612.08 13,824,784.72 Av.* $58.13 427.24 481.56 226.29 133.41 244.49 254.02 865 670.000 246,172,395.04 367.42 19.000 3,142,776.06 165.41 89.408 22.186J96.03 248.15 45.000 13,152.677.00 292.28 28.918 7.571, 410.3S 261.82 25,423 8,326,277.87 327.51 10,300 2,265,420.21 219.94 22.202 3,784.460.21 170.46 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 63 New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico North Carolina.-. North Dakota.. . Oregon South Carolina.. Tennessee Utah Virginia ......... Washington West Virginia..., Wisconsin Wyoming Banks. Depositors. 9 18,911 1 33.018 13 7.614 28 52.697 2 6.500 10 16.530 78.501 53.764 50.162 58.327 21.623 75.291 2.909 Deposits. $7,279,837.20 13,809,514.59 1,707,655.71 9,693,543.00 911,458.13 5,198.429.38 9,676,647.71 15,448,343.82 13,662,372.72 10,556,642.02 19,229,020.37 3,518,258.72 24,014,684.84 1,161,991.74 Total 1,529 2,977,968 1,047,039,650.93 New England 9 18.911 Eastern 51 156.059 Southern 192 426,424 Middle western 1,044 1,263,771 Western 61 78.934 Pacific : 172 1.033.869 *To each depositor, tlncluded with state Note Returns from the banking departments of ten states include stock saving banks with commercial banks. It is estimated that 300 stock savings banks with 815,000 depositors and $250,- 000,000 deposits are included with the figures furnished by the state banking departments for Av.* Banks.Depositors. -1910- $384.95 418.23 224.27 183.94 140.22 314.48 265.85 196.79 254.11 210.45 329.67 162.70 318.95 399.44 7,279,837.20 38,180,441.93 88,103,401.60 443,043,356.43 17,499,602.48 452,933,011.29 4 banks 351.60 384.95 244.65 206.61 350.57 221.69 1.242 10 49 100 871 57 155 24,122 38.242 14.463 40,600 * *i.785 56,232 55.760 16.747 2,556,121 24.122 184.694 466,676 724,341 51.129 1.105,159 Deposits. Av.* $9,051,992.20 $376.26 14,938,164.91 3,272,818.68 7,472,475.61 529,226.72 'i4;2oi,*55L68 18,400,946.07 3,768,268.37 "i,'l6:U75!8i 901,610,693.88 9,051,992.20 41,625,841.91 87,731,142.91 262,070,083.29 10,873,984.25 510,257,649.32 390.62 226.29 184.05 330.00 225.01 225i82 352.72' 375.26 225.38 145.14 361.80 212.68 461.71 state banks. This stock savings posits in savings banks and trust cially on June 23, June 30, 1916, at estimate includes the so called of Michigan. Savings de- departments of Illinois state companies were reported offi- 1915, at $294,534,096.83, and on $326,156,216.75. MUTUAL SAVINGS BANKS OP THE UNITED STATES. State. California Connecticut Delaware Indiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts .. Minnesota New Hampshire. New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island Vermont West Virginia... Wisconsin June 23, 1915, and 1915- June 30, 1916. 1 82 2 5 48 19 196 140 3 11 15 20 1 5 630 Deposits. $56,499,968. 316,486,518. 12,260,905. 12,934,308. 97,423,088. 96,773,243. 917,439,289. 26,072,807. 96,343,985. 117,396,195. 3,199,307 1,774,221,482. 115.241 62,603,425. -1916- Banks. Depositors. 87,130 632.046 34,122 33,398 238.586 243,950 2,332,369 106.826 200,624 305,236 Av.* Banks.Depositors. 02 $648.45 1 87,945 04 500.73 80 653,947 56 359.32 72 387.27 63 408.33 500.075 149.804 114,964 5.985 8.124 223,725,594. 83,385,142, 53,559,421, 1,497,765, 2,043,219 8,307,787 3,950,666,362.08 3.668.393 1,564,637,446.33 4,282.690 2,224,377,420.55 5,985 1,497.765.34 263,589 103,653,761.84 87,130 56,499,968.02 Total New England Eastern 198 Southern 1 Middle western 21 Pacific 1 *To each depositor. INDIVIDUAL DEPOSITS IN Banks. No. Savings. Total. State 15,450 $961,693,954.30 $4,296,253,030.05 Mutual savings 622 4,135,113,212.09 4,186,976,600.64 Stock savings. 1,242 844,346,877.48 901,610,693.88 Loan & trust.. 1,606 1,214,090,179.02 5,198,496,296.53 244*. 06 480.22 64 11 384.60 67 554.5*. 98 543.24 03 447.38 93 556.62 56 465.87 34 250.25 39 251.50 475.53 426.50 519.38 250.25 393.24 648.45 2 5 48 18 195 7 47 24 141 3 11 15 20 1 4 *622 405 196 1 19 1 239,500 246.162 2.419,914 114,826 202,209 301,943 Deposits. $62,071,789. 338,899,894. 13,362,876. 13,062,412. 99,546,046. 99,537,966. 975,365,518. 28.393,328. 101,481,017. 120,383,076. 3,335,538 1,883,242,203 115,320 64,789,961 515,687 157.445 116,812 6.181 8,784 ,502,832 88,343,735 56,071,818 1,616,077 2,306,046 Av.* $705.79 518.24 364.19 391.47 415.46 404.36 403.06 247.27 501.86 398.69 564.60 561.82 462.49 561.11 480.01 261.42 262.50 8,592,271 4,186,976,600.64 3,789,827 1,659,708,030.69 4,436.021 2,355,028,954.70 6,181 1,616,077.91 272,297 108,551,747.95 87,945 62,071,789.39 ALL BANKS Banks. Private National Total JUNE 30. 1916. No. Savings. Total. 1,014 $16,302,104.43 $146,765,453. 7,579 8,043,612,000. 00 .27.513 7.171,546,327.32 22,773,714,074.98 SAVINGS-BANK STATISTICS OF UNITED STATES FROM 1820. YEAR. Num- ber of banks. Number of deposit- ors. Deposits. u O P O 03 =3 o 1 Year. Num- ber of banks. Number of deposit- ors. Deposits. fe Average P to each J depositor. 1820 1830 10 8.635 81,138,576 $131.86 $0.12 1907. ... 1.415 8,588,811 $3,090,078,945 $42.87 36 38.085 6.973,304 183.09 .54 1908 1,453 8.705,848 3,660.553,945 420.47 41.84 1840 61 78,701 14,051,520 178.54 .82 1909 1.703 8,831.863 3,713,405,710 420.45 41.75 1850 108 251,354 43,431,130 172.78 1.87 1910 1.759 9,142,908 4,070.486,246 445.20 45.05 1860 278 693.870 149,277.504 215.13 4.75 1911 1,884 9,794,647 4,212,583,598 430.09 44.82 1870 1880 517 1.630.846 549,874,358 337.17 14.26 1912 1,922 10,010.304 4,451.818,522 444.72 46.53 629 2.335.582 819,106.973 350.71 16.33 1913 1.978 10.766,936 4,727.403.951 439.07 48.56 1890 921 4.258,893 1,524,844,506 358.03 24.35 1914 2,110 11.109,499 4.936,591.849 444.03 49.85 1900 1,002 6.107.083 2,449,547,885 401.10 81.78 1915 2.159 11.285.755 4.997.706,013 442. 83 49.91 1906 1.319 8.027.192 3.482,137.198 433.79 41.13 1916 1.864 11.148.392 5,088.587,294 446.58 84 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. State. Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire ... New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina De- posits. $212,659 38,492 692,953 177,282 , 3,387,267 1,291,602 2,120,680 289,520 287,488 402,174 110,567 64.176 327,489 4,528,680 1,124,259 432,873 465,360 342,060 247,229 250,826 139,141 3,608,587 3,413,453 1.522.558 89,107 1,694,975 1.345,281 337,645 442,550 323,122 2,577,240 140,962 25,435,263 35,670 UNITED STATES POSTAL SAVINGS SYSTEM Fiscal year ended June 30, 1916. With drawn. tBalance. $160,067 $222,173 2,512 479,226 141,719 3,221,818 1,002,851 1,296,183 198,613 237,250 344,319 94,333 55,832 312,294 3,469,250 920,806 359.284 429,300 304,708 232,851 219,261 117,679 2,617.805 2,454,778 1.315,574 109,377 1,357,804 938.690 306,168 393,433 259,055 1,745,519 112,973 17,422,316 34,733 35,950 605,635 229,200 3,835,989 1,652,603 1,933,961 172,938 373,386 363,923 121,943 38,452 380,509 5,991,844 1,377,435 527,383 740.925 438,885 291,680 294,164 171,409 3,995,188 3,200,147 1,951,129 140,315 2,136,527 1.306.243 429,783 439,520 429,652 2,806,465 111,594 27,607,824 45,747 State. North Dakota... Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . Porto Rico Rhode Island... South Carolina. South Dakota... Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia . . Wisconsin Wyoming De- posits. $47,259 4,489,716 261,349 1,369,012 6,187,861 152,178 775,396 26,482 67,390 218,010 824,279 321.622 80,444 481,908 1,778,900 259,998 1,372,675 162,199 With- drawn. fBalanee. $43,285 3,432,197 275,461 1,305,084 3,489,811 120,838 519,657 29,044 65.049 221,528 704,262 234,264 68,614 377,063 1,663,587 191,302 960,245 131,019 $40,78S 5,476,855 322,435 1,557,863 '* 7,107,796 75,976 795,910 26,445 75,156 261,394 769,931 297,015 97,695 362,858 2,119,145 252,279 1,811,573 168,225 United States.... 76,775,868 56 440,691 86,019,885 During tiscal year, fl'o credit of depositors June 30, 1916. The number of depositors on June 30, 1915, was 525,414. while on June 30, 1916. they numbered 602,937, being an increase of 77,523. BANK CLEARINGS OF THE UNITED STATES. Year. Clearings. 1905 $140,501,841,957 1906 157.681.2&9.999 1907 154,476,830.537 1908 126.238.694.398 1909 158,877,192,100 1910 168,986,664,000 Year. Clearings. 1911....... $159,373,450,000 5912 168.506.362.000 1913 173,193,009,000 1914 163,849,811,000 1915 163,174.137.000 1916 241,407,541,000 BUILDING AND State. No. Members. Pennsylvania 1,830 568,000 Ohio 657 649,126 New Jersey 742 281,464 Massachusetts 179 217,427 Illinois 632 215,150 New York 251 179,380 Indiana 344 190,925 Nebraska 71 83,765 California 89 38,788 Michigan 65 59,365 Louisiana 66 50,462 Kentucky 115 61,056 District of Columbia.. 19 37,044 Kansas 65 56,689 Missouri 153 43,987 North Carolina 155 38,945 Wisconsin 74 37,747 Iowa 51 36,200 LOAN ASSOCIATIONS (JAN. 1, 1916). Assets. State. $277,000,000 Arkansas 263,106,613 Washington 143,903,994 Minnesota 101,543,318 West Virginia.. 98,390,668 Maine 72,419,658 Rhode Island... 63,679,080 Connecticut .... 41,660,870 Tennessee 30,441,084 New Hampshire. 27,696,545 North Dakota.. 23,362.690 Oklahoma 23,176,078 New Mexico.... 20,959,574 Montana 20,797,976 Texas 20,509,725 Vermont 14.359,449 Other states.... 14,228,401 12,517,852 No. Members. Assets. 39 22,540 $10,031,099 24 30,114 10,022,132 64 18,500 7,501,626 43 18,500 7,073,421 37 13,120 5,957,696 7 9,263 . 5,041,439 16 12,618 3,855,546 14 5,261 3,226,591 20 9,424 2,734,727 10 5,550 2,725,859 35 8,947 2,700,000 13 3,810 1,578.109 13 2,020 1,462,982 19 3,903 1,247,303 4 471 201,437 890 325,338 149,092,333 Total 6,806 3,334,899 1,484,205,875 SAVINGS BANKS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. [From Country. Date. Austria Dec. 31, 1913. Austria Dec. 31, 1913. Austria Dec. 31, 1913. Belgium Dec. 31, 1912. Belgium Dec. 31, 1912. Bulgaria Dec. 31, 1912. Chile Dec. 31, 1914. Denmark Mch. 31, 1914. Egypt Dee. 31, 1914. France Dec. 31, 1913. Franc" Dec. 31, 1914. Algeria Dec. 31, 1909. Tunis Dec. 31, 1914. Germany Dec. 31, 1913. Hungary Dec. 31, 1909. Hungary Dec. 31, 1913. Hungary Dec. 31, 1913. Italy June 30, 1915. Italy Dec. 31, 1915. Japan Dec. 31, 1916. Japan Mch. 31, 1913. Formosa Dec. 31, 1912. statistical abstract of the United States.] Form of bank. Depositors. Deposits. ..Communal and private.... 4,385.064 $1,291,041, ..Postal, savings dept 2,300,407 40,297, ..Postal, check dept 122,870 79.561 ..Government 3,013,296 204,147 ..Communal and private 49,794 11,854 ..Postal 312,462 8,797 ..Public 396,488 11,334 ..Communal and corporate. 1,202,973 198,822 ..Postal 233,744 2.251 ..Private 8,604,993 774,405 ..Postal 6,555,992 348,858 ..Municipal 19,427 1.309 ..Postal 4,238 1.564 ..Public and corporate 23,871,657 4,685,982 ..Communal and private.... 1,149,251 428,023 ..Postal, savings dept 873,780 22.852, ..Postal, check dept 25,630 23,286 ..Communal and corporate. 2,473,216 491,286 ..Postal 6,295,797 359,315 ..Postal 14,204.531 126.902, ..Postal 9,131,236 82,933, ..Private 8,065 172 ,804 1.832 ,417 018 ,000 ,064 F-22 942 ,012 Average. Per cap 7 $294.42 $44." 17.52 647.53 67.75 238.07 28.16 28.59 165.28 9.63 89.96 53.21 67.42 369.06 196.30 372.44 26.15 908.58 198.71 57.07 8.93 9.10 21.42 1.40 > 77 2(5! 96 1.57 2.03 3.15 70.26 .19 19.55 8.81 .24 .81 70.24 }9.99 1.07 1.09 13.81 11.09 1.67 1.56 .05 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 85 Country. Date. Luxemburg Men. 31, 1914. Netherlands Dec. 31, 1913. Netherlands Dec. 31, 1914. Dutch E. Indies. Dec. 31, 1914. Dutch E. Indies. Dec. 31, 1914. Dutch Guiana Dec. 31, 1914. Norway Dec. 31, 1914. Roumania July 1, 1910. Russia June 30, 1916. Finland Dec. 31, 1914 . Finland Dec. 31, 1913. Spain Dec. 31, 1914. Sweden Dec. 31, 1914. Sweden Dec. 31, 1914. Switzerland Dec. 31, 1908. United kingdom.. ..Nov. 20, 1914. United kingdom.. ..Dec. 31, 1914. British India Mar. 31, 1916. Australia com'th.Mar. 31, 1916. New Zealand Dec. 31, 1915. New Zealand Mar. 31, 1916. Canada Mar. 31, 1916. Canada June 30, 1915. British S. Africa.. ..1914-1915. British W. Indies.... 1914-1915. Brit, colonies, n. e. s.1914-1915. Form of bank. Depositors. State 76,808 .Private 509,836 .Postal 1.671.49S .Private 5,740 .Postal 122,429 .Postal 10,338 .Communal and private 1,175,157 .Government 218,690 .State, including postal... 11,013,000 .Private 361,662 .Postal . 69,535 .Private ...: 781,274 .Communal and trustee 1,755,009 .Postal 578,271 .Communal and private 1,963,417 .Trustee 1.917,944 .Postal 13,514,814 .Postal 1,660,424 .State, trustee, etc .Postal .Private .Postal .Government .Government and postoffice. .Government and postoffice. .Government and postoffice. Total foreign United States June 30, 1916. United States June 30, 1916. .Postal .Mutual and stock. 2,367,754 509.085 78,024 173,456 32,137 260,164 97,465 269,486 .126,410,328 602,937 . 11,148,392 $12,597,471 52,159,902 74,203,170 809,304 3,829,627 323,511 170.966,907 11.616,820 1,565,909,000 60,844,408 1.709,448 89,006,488 264,432,722 12,020,007 307,386,431 262,514,923 927,229,857 49,707,248 450.832.336 107,872,610 10,086,318 40.008,418 13,903,114 28.823,428 6.438,165 14,480,853 $164.01 102.31 44.39 154.93 31.21 31.29 145,48 53.12 142.19 168.24 24.58 113.92 150.67 20.79 156.56 136.87 68.61 29.94 190.45 211.82 129.27 230.65 432.62 110.79 66.06 53.74 $47.01 8.23 11.70 .02 .10 3.78 69.71 1.69 8.94 18.83 .53 4.37 46.56 2.12 86.47 5.70 20.12 .20 91.41 97.82 9.15 4.95 1.72 3.92 3.61 .56 L3.734, 971,879 108.65 15.13 86.019,885 142.67 .83 5.088,587,295 456.44 49.14 Philippines Dec. 31. 1915... Postal savings bank 54,434 1,601,795 29.43 .18 Grand to^tal.. ... ..r... *. 138,216,091 18,911,180,854 136.82 18.54 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD. Appointed by the president. Members. Terms expire. W. G. P. Harding (Ala.), governor 1922 Paul M. Warburg (N. Y.), vice-governor.... 1918 Frederic A. Delano (111.) 1920 Adolph C. Miller (Cal.) 1924 Charles S. Hamlin (Mass.) 1926 Ex Officio Members William G. McAdoo, secre- tary of the treasury, chairman; John Skelton Williams, comptroller of the currency. Secretary H. Parker Willis. Assistant Secretary and Fiscal Agent Sherman P. Allen. Counsel M. C. Elliott. Chief of Division of Audit and Examination- Joseph A. Broderick. Headquarters Treasury department, Washington. Salaries Of five members. $12,000 a year; comp- troller of currencv as ex officio member, $7,000 a year additional to his salary of $5,000 as comptroller. The secretary to the board gets $6,000 a year, the assistant secretary $4,500 and the counsel $7,500. The chief of audit and ex- amination !s paid $G.000 a year. Duties The federal reserve board exercises a general supervision over the affairs and man- agement of the federal reserve banks. It has the power to discount paper, issue federal re- serve notes and perform other banking func- tions prescribed by the law. It appoints its own officers and employes and derives its sup- port from assessments levied on the reserve banks. The members of the board are ap- pointed by the president of the United States. FEDERAL RESERVE CITIES. Dist. and city. 1. Boston. Mass. 2. New York, X. Y 3. Philadelphia. Pa. 4. Cleveland, O. 5. Richmond, Va 6. Atlanta, Ga. Dist. and city. 7. Chicago, 111. 8. St. Louis. Mo. 9. Minneapolis, Minn. 10. Kansas Citv, Mo. 11. Dallas, Tex. 12. San Francisco, Cal. FEDERAL RESERVE DISTRICTS. 1. Maine. New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa- chusetts. Rhode Island and all of Connecticut except the county of Fairfield. 2. The state of New York and the northern part of the state of New Jersev comprising the counties cf Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, DISTRICTS AND OFFICIALS. Sussex, Union, Warren and the county of Fair- field in the state of Connecticut. 3. All that part of New Jersey comprising the counties of Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Mercer, Ocean and Salem ; the state of Delaware ; all that part of Pennsylvania east of the western boundary of McKean, Elk, Clearfield, Cambria and Bedford counties. 4. Ohio; all that part of Pennsylvania west of district No. 3 ; Marshall, Ohio, Brooke, Han- cock, Wetzel and Tyler counties, West Virginia, all that part of Kentucky east of the western boundary of Boone, Grant, Scott, Woodford, Jessamine, Garrard, Lincoln, Pulaski and Mc- Creary counties. 5. District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina; all of West Virginia except Marshall, Ohio, Brooke, Han- cock, Wetzel and Tyler counties. 6. Alabama, Georgia and Florida; all that part of Tennessee east of the western boundary of Stewart, Houston, Wayne, Humphreys and Perry counties; all that part of Mississippi south of the northern boundary of Issaquena. Sharkey, Yazoo, Kemper, Madison, Leake and Neshoba counties: all of that part of Louisiana south of the northern boundaries of the parishes of Vernon, Rapides and Avoyelles. 7. Iowa; all that part of Wisconsin south of the northern boundary of Marquette, Oconto, Langlade, Marathon, Jackson and Vernon coun- ties; all of the southern peninsula of Michigan, viz., that part east of Lake Michigan; all that part of Illinois north of the southern boundary of Hancock, Schuyler. Cass, Sangamon. Chris tian, Shelby, Cumberland and Clark counties; all that part of Indiana north of the southern bound- ary of Vigo, Clay, Owen, Monroe, Brown. Bar- tholomew. Jennings, Ripley and Ohio counties. 8* Arkansas; all that part of Missouri east of the western boundary of Harrison, Daviess, Caldwell, Ray. Lafayette. Johnson, Henry. St. Clair, Cedar, Dade, Lawrence and Barry coun- ties; all that part of Illinois and Indiana not in- cluded in district No. 7; all that part of Ken- tucky not included in district No. 4: all that part of Tennessee and Mississippi not included in district No. 6. 9. Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Minnesota; all that part of Wisconsin and Mich- igan not included in district No. 7. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 10. Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming; all that part of Missouri not included in district No. 8; all of Oklahoma except the counties of Atoka, Bryan, Choctaw, Coal, Johnston. McCur- tain, Marshall and Pushmataha; all that part of New Mexico north of the southern boundary of McKinley, Sandoval, Santa Fe, San Miguel and Union counties. 11. Texas; all that part of New Mexico and Oklahoma not included in district No. 10; all that part of Louisiana not included in district No. 6 ; and Pima, Graham, Greenlee, Cochise and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona. 12. California, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Ne- vada and Utah; all that part of Arizona not included in district No. 11. FEDERAL RESERVE BANK STATEMENT. June 20, 1917. Member state banks, savings banks and trust companies included. Reserve Reserve Excess District. held. required. reserve. 1 $170,872,000 $111,832,000 $59,040,000 2 614,033,000 3 180,212,000 4 255,056,000 5 97,095,000 6 76,480,000 7 316,500,000 8 99,591,000 9 114,980,000 10 215,021,000 11 94,969,000 12 171,548,000 Total 505,966,000 108,067,000 109,398,000 70,814,000 143,653,000 111,403,000 56,410,000 40,685,000 38,862,000 37,618,000 209,000,000 107,500,000 65,524,000 34,067,000 60,217,000 54,763,000 108,999,000 106,022,000 46,142,000 48,827,000 90,933,000 80,615,000 ...2,406,357,000 1,546,936,000 859,421,000 TOTAL BESOURCES. Loans and discounts $9,242,403,000 Overdrafts 9,877,000 Customers* liability letters of credit .27,248,000 Customers' liability acceptances 148,646,000 United States bonds 922,105,000 Payment account liberty bonds 175,931,000 Other bonds, securities, etc .-... 1,928,826,000 Stocks other than federal reserve... 51,433,000 Stock of federal reserve banks $57,117,000 Banking house 282.348,000 Furniture and fixtures 33,257,000 Other real estate owned 48,032,000 Due from approved reserve agents... 851,132,000 Due from banks and bankers 844,261,000 Exchanges for clearing house 468,179,000 Other checks on bank in same place 48,818,000 Outside checks and other cash items 40,502,000 Notes of other national banks 68,858,000 Notes of federal reserve banks 2,441,000 Federal reserve notes 27,125,000 Coin and certificates.... b84.033.000 Legal-tender notes 109.022,000 Due from federal reserve banks 862,170,000 Redemption fund 41.636,000 Other assets 18,849.000 Total 16,894,249,000 TOTAL LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $1,123,205,000 Surplus fund 799,331,000 Undivided profits, less expenses 363,313,000 Amount reserved for taxes accrued. 8,246,000 Ain't reserved for interest accrued.. 12,726,000 National bank notes outstanding 659,903,000 Due to federal reserve banks 48,000 Due to approved reserve agents 13,389,000 Due to banks and bankers 3,082,693,000 Dividends unpaid 2,480,000 Demand deposits 7,853,996,000 Time deposits 2,211,134,000 United States deposits 140,584,000 Postal savings deposits 92,598,000 United States bonds borrowed 32,773,000 Other bonds borrowed 18,746,000 Securities borrowed 363,000 Bills payable 49,738,000 Bills payable, with fed. res. bank... 186,280,000 State bank circulation outstanding.. 23,000 Letters of credit outstanding 29,862,000 Acceptances 157,870,000 Liabilities, other 54.948.000 Total 16,894,249,000 GOVERNMENT EECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS BY FISCAL YEARS. 1914. Ordinary receipts $734,673,166.71 Ordinary disbursements 700,254,489.71 Excess of receipts (+) or disburse- ments (-) Panama canal receipts... Panama canal disbursements Excess of receipts (+) or disburse- ments (-) Public debt receipts* Public debt disbursements* Excess of receipts (+) or disburse- ments (-) Special disbursements Excess of all receipts (+) or all dis- bursements (-) 1915. $697,910,827.58 731,399,759.11 +34,418,677.00 -33,488,931.53 34!826,'94L76 29!i87\642.22 -34.826.941.76 23.021,222.50 26.961.327.00 -29,187,042.22 22,486,955.00 17,253.491.00 1916. $779,664,552 724.492.999 +55.171.553 2.869,995 17.503.728 -14,633.733 58.452.403 24,668.913 -3,940,104.50 +5,233,464.00 +33.783.490 ,:54S,3t;i<. -57.442. .75 +74.321.310 1917. $1,122,576,230 1.041,635,117 +80.941.113 5.872,244 19.782.509 -13.910,265 12,346,711,461 J671.179.359 +1.675.532,102 918.880.315 +823.6S2.635 "Issues and redemptions of certificates and notes | of indebtedness. ^Includes $626,196,845 certificates not affecting the cash in general fund are ex- cluded from the public debt figures in this state- ment, tlncludes $1,385,018,756, sale of liberty of indebtedness redeemed, flncludes $25,000,000 payment for West Indian islands and $885,000,000 purchase of obligations of foreign govern- loan bonds, and $918,205,000, sale of certificates I ments MONEY IN CIRCULATION IN THE UNITED STATES JULY 1. 1917. Classification. General stock of money in the U. S. July 1, 1917. Held in treasury as assets of the government July 1,1917. Held by fed- eral reserve banks July 1, 1917. Money in Circulation. July 1,1917. July 1,1916. Jan. 1.1879. Gold coin (inc. bullion in treas.) . Gold certificates $3,090,607,703 1102.325,168 $3,100,000 372,878,550 $764,412,156 1,747.891.829 71.829.961 477,607,136 194.415,10 1,970, 4 336.251,854 544,749,215 12,699,660 698,632.391 $630,190,647 1,414,302,989 06.348,855 490.786,334 169,995.821 2,098,262 341,891,669 173,372.845 8.366.370 720,089,763 $96,262,850 21.189,280 Standard silver dollars 568,270,061 16,962,550 5,790,721 413,360, 198,832,889 4.417,785 67,982,601 Treasury notes of 1890 346,681.016 547.407,960 12,790,245 715.420.010 10.429.162 2,658,745 90.585 16,787.619 310,288,511 Federal reserve bank notes National bank notes ' 314.339,398 Total 5.480.009,884 1 253.671.614 ' 375.978.550 4.850.359,720 4.018,043.555 816.266,721 Population of continental United States July 1, 1917, estimated at 104,145,000; circulation per capita, $46.57. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 67 FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE TJ. S. GOVERNMENT (JUNE 30. 1917) Formerly issued as "Statement of the Public Debt." CASH AVAILABLE TO PAY MATURING OBLI- GATIONS. Balance held by the treasurer of the United States as per daily treasury statement for June 30, 1917 $1,064,086,250.83 Deduct Net excess of payments over receipts in June reports sub- sequently received 55,678,280.85 Revised balance Settlement warrants coupons and checks outstanding Treasury war- rants Matured coupons Interest checks Disbursing officers' checks Balance 1,119,764,531. 4,137,066.55 570,330.79 357,454.86 47,716,318.41 1,066,983,361.07 Total 1,119,764,531.68 PLBLIC DEBT. DEBT BEARING NO INTEREST. Payable on presentation. Obligations required to be reissued when redeemed United States notes $346,681,016.00 Less gold reserve 152,979,025.63 Obligations that will be retired on presentation Old demand notes.... $53,152.50 National bank notes assumed by the United States on deposit of lawful money for their retirement 48,235,167.00 Fractional currency.. 6,848,496.90 Excess of notes ever reserve 193,701,990.37 Total 248,836,878.02 DEBT ON WHICH INTEREST HAS CEASED SINCE MATURITY. Payable on presentation. Funded loan of 1891, continued at 2 . per cent, called for redemption May 18, 1S00; interest ceased Aug. 18, 1900 Funded loan of 1891, matured Sept. 2, 1891 Loan of 1904, matured Feb. 2, 1904.. Funded loan of 1907, matured July 2, 1907 Refunding certificates, matured July 1, 1907 Old debt matured at various dates prior to, Jan. 1, 1861, and other items of debt matured at various dates subsequent to Jan. 1, 1861 Certificates of indebtedness, at 3 per cent, matured June 30, 1917 12,775,600.00 Total 14,232,230.26 $4,000.00 20,950.00 13,050.00 506,100.00 11,560.00 900,970.26 Title of loan. Consols of 1930 Loan of 1908-1918.... Loan of 1925 Panama canal loan: Series 1906 INTEREST BEARING DEBT. Payable on or after specified future dates. Tot. outstanding Authorizing act. Rate. Issued. Amount issued. June 30, 1917. March 14, 1900 2 per cent.... 1900 *$646,250,150.00 $599,724,050.00 June 13, 1898 3 per cent.. ..1898 U98.792.660.00 63,945,460.00 Jan. 14, 1875 .4 per cent.... ISf 5-96.. 1162,315,400.00 118,489,900.00 Series 1908. Series 1911. June 28, 1902, and Dec. 21, 1905 2 per cent.. ..1906.. .. June 28, 1902, and Dec. 21, 1905 2 per cent.... 1908.. .. Aug. 5, 1909. Feb. 4, 1S10, and Mar. 2, 1911... .3 per cent.... 1911... . Conversion bonds Dec. 23, 1913 Z per cent.... 1916.... One year treasury notes. Dec. 23, 1913 3 per cent.... 1916 Certifs. of indebtedness. April 24, 1917 3 per cent 1917.... Certifs. of indebtedness, April 24, 1917 3% per cent.. 1917... . Liberty loan of 1917 April 24, 1917 3V 2 per cent.. 1917 Postal savings bonds (1st to 11th series) ... June 25, 1S10 2% per cent.. 1911-16.. Postal savings bonds 1917-1937 (12th series). June 25, 1910 2\^ per cent.. 1916 Aggregate interest bearing debt 54,631,980.00 1130,000,000.00 50,000.000.00 28,894,500.00 27.362,000.00 468,205,000.00 400,000,000.00 1,466,335,094.61 1, 48.954.1S0.60 25.947,400.00 50.000 2S894 27.362 61.306 211.551 ,000.00 500.00 000.00 032.00 .100.00 094.61 9.151,800.00 9.151.800.00 8S7.960.00 887.960.00 *Of this amount $24,648,100 has been converted into conversion bonds and $21,878,000 into one year treasury notes. tOf this original amount issued $132,449,900 has been refunded into the 2% con- sols of 1930, and $2,396,800 has been purchased for the sinking fund and canceled, and $500 has otherwise been purchased and canceled. JOf this original amount issued $43,825,500 has been pur- chased for the sinking fund and canceled. Of this original amount issued $2,238,800 has been converted into conversion bonds and 3.439,000 into one year treasury notes. *I0f this original amount issued $2,007,600 has been converted into conver- sion bonds and $2,045,000 into one year treasury notes. **This amount represents receipts on ac- count of liberty loan bonds to June 30. GROSS DEBT. D?bt bearing no interest $248,836,878.02 Debt on which interest has ceased. 14,232,230.26 Interest bearing debt 2,712,549,476.61 Aggregate 2.975.618T584.89 NET DEBT. Gross debt (above) $2,975,618,584.89 Deduct Balance available to pay maturing obligations (see above). 1,066,983,361.07 Net debt*... 1,908,635,223.82 3.542,826,544.61 2.712,549,476.61 *The amount of $8S5, 000,000 has been expanded to above date from the proceeds of sales of bonds authorized by law for purchase of the obligations of foreign governments. When payments are re- ceived from foreign governments on account of the principal of their obligations they must be applied to the reduction of the bonded debt of the United States. PAY WARRANTS DRAWN. Fiscal year, Fiscal year, Legislative establish- 1917. ment $15,174,101.43 Executive proper 1.387,797.91 State department.... 6,130,081.82 For Dan. W. Indies. 25,000,000.00 Treasury dept. Proper 67,237,532.15 Subscription to stock. federal land banks 8.880,315.00 Purchase of obliga- tions of for'n gvts. S85, 000.000.00 Public buildings 17,664,374.54 War department Mili- tary establishment. Civil establishment- War dept. Proper 2.698,441.16 Mis. war, civil 8,370,989.01 Rivers and harbors 30.487.559.82 Department of justice. 10,576.309.48 1916. $13,848,007.16 395,940.11 6,444,594.11 '67i33*6,'626!6i 16.406,991.79 401.418.331.54 122,392,362.98 2.217,975.26 9.792,912.14 32.450.361.55 10,662,463.28 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. Postoffice department 1911 Excluding postal service $1,920,717.41 Postal deficiencies Navy dept. Naval es- tablishment 357,166,437.44 Civil establishment.. 981.649.66 Interior dept. Exclud- ing pensions and Indians 29,249,699.03 Pensions 160,318,405.66 Fiscal year, Fiscal year. 1916. $1,770,710.04 5,500,000.00 155,029,425.78 853,768.88 24,786,197.60 159,302,351.20 17,570,283.81 28,031,540.33 11,403,722.17 3,531,144.47 Indians 30,598,093.55 Dept.' of agriculture... 29,587,148.95 Dept. of commerce.... 11,700,529.04 Department of labor. 3,847,305.10 U. S. shipping board.. 14,958,469.08 Independent offices and commissions 7,731,898.13 District of Columbia.. 13,803,193.93 Int. on the public de bt 24,742,207.57 Total 2,066,631,588.41 723,476,688.40 Panama canal Pay warrants for con- struction, etc 19,262,798.32 17,503,728.07 OUTSTANDING PRINCIPAL OF PUBLIC DEBT. On Jan. 1 of each year from 1791 to 1843, Inclusive, and on July 1 of each year since. 7,221,803.24 13,633,853.16 22,900,313.03 Year. Amount 1791 $75,463,476.52 1792. 1793. 1794. 1795. 1796. 1797. 1798. 1799. 1800. 1801. 1502. 1803. 1804. 1805. 1806. 1807. 77,227,924.66 80,358,634.04 78,427,404.77 80,747,587.39 83,762,172.07 82,664,479.33 79,228,529.12 78,408,669.77 82,976.294.35 83,038,050.80 80,712,632.25 77,054,686.40 86,427,120.88 82,312,150.50 75,723,270.66 69,218,398.64 Year. 1808. 1809. 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. Amount. $65,196,317.97 57,023,192.09 53,173,217.52 48,005,587.76 45,209,737.90 55,962,827.57 81,487,846.24 99,833,660.15 1816 127,334,933.74 1817 123,591,965.16 1818 103,466.633.83 1819. 1820. 1821. 1822. 1823. 1824. 95,529,648.28 91,015,566.15 89,987,427.66 93,546,676.98 90,875,877.28 90,269,777.77 Year. Amount. Year. Amovnt. 1825.... ... $83,788,332.71 1871... ...$2,353,211,332.32 1826.... 81,955,059.99 1872... ...2,253,251,328.78 1827.... . . 73,987,357.20 1873... ...2,234,482,993.20 1828.... .. 67,475,043.87 1874... ...2,251,690,468.43 1829.... 58,421,413.67 1875... ...2,232,284,531.95 1830. . . . 48,565,406.50 1876... ... 2,180,395,067.15 1831.... ... 39,123,191.68 1877... ...2,205,301,392.10 1832.... 24,322,235.18 1878... ...2,256,205,892.53 1833.... 7,001,698.83 1879... ...2,34C,567, 232.04 1834.... 4,760,082.08. 1880... ...2,120,415,370.63 1835.... 33,733.05 1881... ...2,069,013,569.58 1836.... 37,513.05 1882... ...1,918,312,994.03 1837.... 336,957,83 1883... ...1,884,171,728.07 1838.... 3,308,124.07 1884... ...1,830,528,923.57 1839.... ... 10,434,221.14 1885.... ...1,863,964,873.14 1840.... 3,573,343.32 1886... .. 1,775,063,013.78 1841.... 5,250,875.54 1887.... . 1,657,602,592.63 1842.... 13,594,480.73 1888.... . 1,692,858,984.58 1843.... 20,201,226.27 1889.... .. 1,619,052,922.23 1843.... 32,742,922.00 1890.... .. 1,552,140,204.73 1844.... ... 23,461,652.50 1891.... .. 1,545,996,591.61 1845.... ... 15,925,303.01 1892.... .. 1,588,464,144.63 1846.... 15,550,202.97 1893.... . 1,545,985,686.13 1847.... 38,826,534.77 1894.... .. 1,632.253,636.68 1848.... 47,044,862.23 1895.... .. 1,676,120,983.25 1849.... ... 63,061,858.69 1896.... .. 1,769,840,323.40 1850.... 63,452,773.55 1897.... .. 1,817,672,665.90 1851.... ... 68.304.796.02 1898.... . 1,796,531,995.90 1852.... ... 66.199.341.71 1899... .. 1,991,927,306.92 1853.... 59.803.117.70 1900 ... ,. 2,136,961,091.67 1854.... 42,242,222.42 1901... ,. 2,143,326,933.89 1855.... 35,586,956.56 1902... .. 2,158,610,445.39 1856.... ... 31,932,537.90 1903... .. 2,202,464,781.89 1857.... 28,699,831.85 1904.... .. 2,264,003,585.14 1858.... ... 44,911,881.03 1905.... . 2,274,615,063.84 1859.... ... 58.496,837.88 1906... ,. 2,337,161,839.04 I860.... 64,842,287.88 1907.... .. 2,457,188,061.54 1861.... 90,580,873.72 1908.... .. 2,626,806,271.54 1862.... ... 524,176,412.13 1909.... . 2,639,546,241.04 1863.... ...1,119,772,138.63 1910.... . 2,652,665,838.04 1864.... ...1,815,784,370.57 1911.... .. 2,765,600,606.69 1865.... ...2,680,647,869.74 1912.... .. 2,868,373,874.16 1866.... ...2,773,236,173.69 1913.... . 2,916,204,913.66 1867.... ...2,678,126,103.87 1914.... . 2,912,499,269.16 1868.... ...2,611,687,851.19 1915.. . ,. 3,058,136,873.16 1869.... 1870. . . . ...2,588,452,213.94 ...2,480,672,427.81 1916.... .. 3,609,244,262.16 ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT. 1895. 1896. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. Debt on which in- terest has ceased. $1,815,805.26 1.014,705.20 2,785,875.26 2.094,060.26 1.851,240.26 1.721,590.26 1,600,890.26 1.346,880.26 1.262.680.00 1.218.300.26 1,176,320.26 1,415,620.26 1.280,860.20 1,205,090.26 1.970.920.26 1.370.245.26 1,128,135.26 1.086,815.26 4,130,015.26 2,883.855.26 2,124,895.26 1.879.830.26 1,760.450.26 1.659,550.26 1.552,560.26 1.507.260.26 1.473.100.26 Debt bear- ing no interest.* 8825,011,289.47 933,852,766.35 1.000,648,939.37 958.854,525.87 995,360,506.42 958J97.331.99 920,839,543.14 968,960.655.64 947,901,845.64 944,660,256.66 1.112,305,911.41 1.154.770,273.63 1,226,259,245.63 1,286,718.281.63 1,366,875.224.88 1.378.086,478.58 1,440,874.563.78 1.561,266,966.00 1,725,172,266.28 1,723,344,895:78 1,737,223,452.78 l,848,367,58f '" 1,902,836.653.90 1.948.618.753.40 1,942,993,398.90 2,086,570,522.90 2.636.208571.90 Outstanding principal. $1,552,140,204.73 1,545,996,591.61 1.558,464,144.63 1,545,985,686.13 1,632,253,636.68 1.675,120.983.25 1,769,840,323.40 1,817,672,665.90 1,796.531,995.90 1,991,927,30(5.92 2.136,961.091.67 2.143,326,933.89 2,158,610.445. 2,202,464,781. 2,264,003,585.14 2,274,615,063.84 2.337,161,839.04 2.457,188.061.54' 2,626,806,271.54' 2,639.546.241.04 2,652,665,838.04 2.765,600.606, 2,868.373,874.16 2.916,204,913.66 2,912,499.269.16 3.058.136.873.16 3.609,244,262.16 Cash in the treasury. $661,355,834.20 694,083,839.83 746,937.681.03 707,016,210.89 732.940,256.13 811.061.686.46 853,905,635.51 825,649.765.87 769,446.503.76 836,607,071.73 1,029,249.833.18 1,098,587.813.92 1.189.153,204.85 1,277.453,144.58 1,296,771,81U 1.365,467,439.06 1,372.726.152.25 1.578.591.306.51 1.688,6T3,862.16 1,6*5,684,710.25 1,606,21! 1.749,816.268.23 1,840,799.176.88 1,887,640,858.52 1.885,242,259.60 1.967,988,867.16 2,620,024,640.31 Total of debt less cash in treasury. $924,465,218.53 851,912,751.78 841,526,463.60 838,969.475.75 899,313,380.55 864,059.314.78 915,934,687.89 992.022,900.03 1,027,085.492.14 1,155,320,235.19 1,107,711,257.89 1,044,739,119.97 969.457,241.04 925,011.637.31 967,231.773.75 909,147.624.78 964.435,686.79 878,596,755.03 938,132,409.38 1,023,861.530.79 1,046,449.185.25 1.015.884,338.46 1,027,574,697.28 1.028,564.055.14 1.027,257,009.56 1,090.148,006.00 989,219.621.85 Popula- tion of the United States. 62,947.714 63,844,000 65,086,000 66.349.000 67.632.000 68.934.000 70,254.000 71,592.900 72,947.000 74.318,000 75.994.575 77,612.509 79.230.503 80,848,557 82,466.551 84.084,545 85,702,539 87,320,633 88.938521 90.556,521 92.174.515 93.792,509 95.410.503 97,337,000 98,640,491 100.264,485, 101,882.479] Includes certificates issued against gold, silver and currency deposited in the treasury. NUMBER OF THE STARS. According to the best astronomers the number I through the telescope has been estimated by of stars that can be seen by a person of average J. E. Gore at 70,000,000 and by Profs. Newcomb eyesight is only about 7,000. The number visible I and Young at 100.000,000. ." ' ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. COINS OF THE UNITED STATES (1792-1916.) GOLD COINS. Fifty Dollar Piece, Panama-Pacific Interna- tional Exposition Authorized Jan. 16, 1915 ; weight, 1,290 grains ; fineness, .900 ; total coined to June 30, 1916, $150,950. Double Eagles Authorized to be coined, act of March 3. 1849; weight. 516 grains; fineness. .900. Total amount coined to Juue 30, 1916, $2,436,142,- 120. Full legal tender. Eagles Authorized to be coined, act of April 2. 1792; weight, 270 grains; fineness. .916%; weight changed, act of June 28. 1834, to 258 grains: fineness changed, act of June 28, 1834. to .899225; fineness changed, act of June 18. 1837. to .900. Total amount coined to June 30, 1916, $516,714,850. Full legal tender. Half-Eagles Authorized to be coined, act of April 2. 1792; weight. 135 grains; fineness, .916%; weight changed, act of June 28, 1834, to 129 grains; fineness changed, act of June 28, 1834, to .889225; fineness changed, act of Jan. 18. 1837. to .900. Total amount coined to June 30, 1916, $390,- 049,345. Full legal tender. Quarter-Eagles Authorized to be coined, act of April 2, 1792; weight. 67.5 grains: fineness, .916%; weight changed, act of June 28. 1834. to 64.5 grains; fineness changed, act of June 28, 1834, to .899225; fineness changed, act of June 18, 1837, to .900. Total amount coined to June 30, 1916. $44,- 641,475. I^ull legal tender. Quarter Eagle, Panama-Pacific International Ex- position Authorized Jan. 16, 1915 ; weight, 64.5 grains ; fineness, .900 ; total coined to June 30, 1915, $25,000. Three-Dollar Piece Authorized to be coined, act of Feb. 21, 1853; weight. 77.4 grains; fineness. .900; coinage discontinued, act of Sept. 26, 1890. Total amount coined. $1,619,376. Full legal ten- der. One Dollar Authorized to be coined, act of March 3. 1849; weight. 25.8 grains: fineness. .900: coinage discontinued, act of Sept. 26, 1890. Total amount coined, $19,499,337. Full legal tender. One Dollar. Louisiana Purchase Exposition Authorized June 28. 1902; weight, 25.8 grains: fineness. .900. Total amount coined. $250,000. One Dollar. Lewis and Clark Exposition Au- thorized April 13. 1904; weight. 25.8 grains; fine- ness. .900. Total amount coined. $60,000. One Dollar, Panama-Pacific International Expo- sitionAuthorized Jan. 16, 1915 ; weight, 28.8 grains ; fineness, .900 ; total coined to June 30, 1916, $25,034. SILyER C0INS> Dollar Authorized to be coined, act of April 2. 1792: weight. 416 grains; fineness, .8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18. 1837. to 412% grains: fineness changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837. to .900; coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 12. 1873. Total amount coined to Feb. 12. 1873, $8,031,238. Coin- age reauthorized, act of Feb. 28, 1878; coinage discontinued after July 1, 1891. except for certain purposes, act of July 14. 1890. Amount coined to June 30, 1916, $578,303,848. Full legal tender except when otherwise provided in the contract. Trade Dollar Authorized to be coined, act of Feb. 12, 1873: weight, 420 grains; fineness, .900: legal tender limited to $5, act of June 22, 1874 (rev. stat.): coinage limited to export demand and lgal tender quality repealed, joint resolu- tion, July 22, 1876; coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 19, 1887. Total amount coined, $35,965,924. Lafayette Souvenir Dollar Authorized by act of March 3. 1899; weight. 412% grains; fineness. .900. Total amount coined, $50,000. Half-Dollar Authorized to be coined, act of April 2, 1792: weight, 208 grains; fineness, .8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837. to 206% grains; fineness; changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837, to .900; weight changed, act of Feb. 21, 1853. to 192 grains: weight changed, act of Feb. 12. 1873. to 12% grams, or 192.9 grains. Total amount coined to June 30, 1916, $190,893,236. Legal ten- der, $10. Columbian Half-Dollar Authorized to be coined, act of Aug. 5. 1892; weight. 192.9 grains; fine- ness, .900. Total amount coined, $2,500,000. Legal tender, $10. Half Dollar, Panama-Pacific International Expo- sitionAuthorized Jan. 16, 1915; weight. 192.9; fineness, .900; coined to June 30. 1916. $30,000. Quarter-Dollar- Authorized to be coined, act of April 2, 1792; weight, 104 grains; fineness, .8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18. 1837. to 103% grains: fineness changed, act of Jan. IS. 1837. to .900: weight changed, act of Feb. 21. 1853. to 96 grains; weight changed, act of Feb. 12. 1873. to 6V4. grams, or 96.45 grains. Total amount coined to June 30, 1916, $104,495,439.50. Legal ten- der. $10. Columbian Quarter-Dollar Authorized to be coined, act of March 3, 1893; weight, 96.45 grains; fineness, .900. Total amount coined, $10,000. Legal tender, $10. Twenty-Cent Piece Authorized to be coined, act of March 3. 1875; weight. 5 grams, or 77.16 grains; fineness. .900; coinage prohibited, act of May 2. 1878. Total amount coined, $271,000. Dime Authorized to be coined, act of April 2, 1792; weight, 41.6 grains; fineness. .8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18. 1837. to 41% grains: fine- ness changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837, to .900; weight changed, act of Feb. 21, 1853. to 38.4 grains; weight changed, act of Feb. 12. 1873. to 2% grams, or 38.58 grains. Total amount coined to June 30, 1916, $73,945,799.70. Legal tender, $10. Half-Dime Authorized to be coined, act of April 2. 1792; weight. 20.8 grains: fineness. .8924; weight changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837, to 20% grains: fineness changed, act of Jan. 18, 1837. to .900; weight changed, act of Feb. 21, 1853, to 19.2 grains: coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 12. 1873. Total amount coined, $4,880,219.40. Three-Cent Piece Authorized to be coined, act of March 3, 1851; weight. 12% grains: fineness. .750: weight changed, act of March 3. 1853. to 11.52 grains: fineness changed, act of March 3. 1853. to .900: coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 12. 1873. Total amount coined. $1,282,087.20. MINOR COINS. Five-Cent (nickel) Authorized to be coined, act of May 16. 1866; weight. 77.16 grains: composed of 75 per cent copper and 25 per cent nickel. Total amount coined to June 30, 1916, $44,540,- 897.50. Legal tender for $1, but reduced to 25 cents by act of Feb. 12. 1873. Three-Cent (nickel) Authorized to be coined, act of March 3. 1865: weight. 30 grains: composed of 75 per cent copper and 25 per cent nickel. Total amount coined, $941,349.48. Legal tender for 60 cents, but reduced to 25 cents by act of Feb. 12. 1873. Coinage discontinued, act of Sept. 26. 1890. Two-Cent (bronze) Authorized to be coined, act of April 22, 1864; weight, 96 grains; composed of 95 per cent copper and 5 per cent tin and zinc. Coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 12, 1873. Total amount coined, $912,020. Cent (copper) Authorized to be coined, act of April 2. 1792; weight. 264 grains: weight changed, act of Jan. 14, 1793, to 208 grains: weight changed, by proclamation of the president, Jan. 26, 1796. in conformity with act of March 3. 1795. to 168 grains; coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 21. 1857. Total amount coined, $1,562,887.44. Cent (nickel) Authorized to be coined, act of Feb. 21, 1857; weight, 72 grains: composed of 88 per cent copper and 12 per cent nickel. Coinage discontinued, act Of April 22. 1864. Total amount coined. $2,007,720. Cent (bronze) Authorized, act of April 22. 1861: weight, 48 grains; composed of 95 per cent cop- per and 5 per cent tin and zinc. Total amount coined to June 30, 1916, $24,467,119.84. Legal ten- der. 25 cents. Half-Cent (copper) Authorized to be coined, act of April 2, 1792: weight, 132 grains; weight changed, act of Jan. 14. 1793. to 104 grains: weight changed b'v proclamation of the presi- dent. Jan. 26, 1796. in conformity with act of March 3. 1795, to 84 grains : coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 21, 1857. Total amount coined. $39,- 926.11. total coinage. Gold ....$3,409,177,487.00 Silver ... 992,627,553.80 Minor .... 74.471,920.37 Total ...4,476,276,961.17 tCOINAGE, 1915. Gold $23,968,401.50 Silver 4,114,082.50 Minor .... . 2.062,839.70 Total .... 30,145,323.70 To end of fiscal year June 30, 1916. tCalen- dar year. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. NATIONAL WEALTH OF THE UNITED STATES. The national wealth of the United States is estimated by the United States census bureau at $187,739,000,000,' or $1,965 for each man, woman and child in the country. The total includes the value of all kinds of real, personal and other property, taxable and exempt, in the United States exclusive of Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico and the Philippines. Omitting the value of property exempt from taxation for the reason that it was not included in the figures for 1850, 1860 and 1870, the wealth for the several census years is as follows: Total. Per cap. 1912 $175,426,000,000 $1,836 1904 100,273,000,000 1,234 1900 82,305,000,000 1,083 Year. Total. Per cap 1890 $61,204,000,000 $975 1880 41,642,000,000 830 1870 24,055,000,000 624 1860 16,160,000,000 514 1850 7,136,000,000 308 Including exempt and all other classes of prop- erty the estimated national wealth in each of the census years, 1880 to 1912, was: Year. Total. Per cap. 1912 $187,739,000,000 $1,965 1901 107,104,000,000 1,318 1900 88,517,000,000 1,165 1890 65,037,000,000 1,036 1880 43,642,000,000 870 VALUE OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF PROPERTY (1912). Geographic divi- sion and state. Real prop- erty and improve- ments. Live stock. Farm im- plements and ma- chinery. Manufac. machin'y, tools and implmts. Gold and silver coin and bullion. Railroads and their equipment. Street rail- ways, ship- ping, water works, etc. New England 17,248.043,478 $152,411,703 $53,648,227 $766,480,256 $168,386,104 $501,391,191 $667,812,193 Maine New Hampshire 485,858.919 335,212,237 255,994.278 4,118,215.738 600,747.009 1,452,015,297 30,315,701,320 32,745,172 16.015,159 30 651,098 43,148,947 6,874,870 22,976,457 519,253.198 15,628.096 6,020.570 10.694,726 12.110,883 1.883,634 7,310,318 177,725,806 69,941.215 38,561,611 19.089.082 377,873,043 93.860.055 167,155,250 1,994,416,371 14.779.215 8,023,193 6,499.412 101.876.063 13,603,256 23,604,965 899.203.161 149.196.850 76,619.613 68.338.921 135,123,384 12,483,737 61,628,686 1,500.820.231 77.912.060 31,072.620 20,642.085 348.842.372 53,771.682 135,571,374 2,792.249,523 Massacimsetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic New York 16,910.262,952 3,856,914.601 9.548,523,767 23.748.446.047 5,173.708,410 2,957,867.352 10.046.319.512 3,067,378.894 2,503,171,879 18,690.288,308 263.577,707 45.847,959 209,827,532 1,301,591,448 89.172.586 13,865.402 74,687,818 289,229,016 813.601,441 303,596.418 877 218,512 1.415.243,372 632.554,526 54.897,349 211,751,286 488,763.883 553,314.487 165.778.631 781,727,113 3.079,251.197 1,787,201.570 302,215.110 702,832.843 2,035,016.810 Pennsylvania East North Central... 273.611,491 227,006.381 886,701,265 184,782,900 229,489,411 1,838,987,471 54,181.255 43,733,375 79,473,427 54.140,466 57,700,493 403,249,087 423,068,286 178.384,997 451.299,068 199.266.379 163,224.642 363,455,087 83,647.680 58,520,370 125,037,985 5,244,543 6,043.576 35,084,497 49,876,436 545,733,504 112,275,002 57,444,477 205,185.274 63.658.411 50.200,719 285.898,127 607.038.235* 180,251.362 926.403,787 684.884.W8 480,673,161 3.313.503,472 Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central.. 286,566,614 748,713.023 268,201.502 146,742,838 843,052,977 3,391.615.408 5.111,230,343 3.261,058,859 1.261,388,140 639,661,792 2,316,850,464 2,705,483 302 7.536.324.781 217.832,281 491,613,546 808.100,681 125,614,381 145.815,404 265,473.943 284,537,235 485,664,137 56.775,152 102.981,406 55,328,257 49.878.002 38.100,632 48,111,560 52,074,078 107,212,399 51,531.987 49,560.432 93,140,304 12.453.723 12.334,760 30,453,382 36,417.539 226,711.255 564,652.082 635,695,172 613.546,469 277.870,640 258.641.210 384,432.025 578.665,874 1.976,695,855 Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska.. Kansas South Atlantic 133,831,854 267,556,780 17,051.547 25,801,674 79,476.484 87,488,460 680,270.319 Delaware Maryland District of Columbia 172,148,377 1.345,483,922 902.023.891 1,176,103,685 1.399.189.713 700.300,022 506,607,276 904,983,602 429,484,293 3,381.631.974 8.794.481 45.903.766 1.794,926 85.954,360 55.993.204 85,068,318 61,304,088 106,429.447 34.421.547 439.418.056 3.417,202 12,509,481 83.608 19.756,852 7,405,732 20.315,423 15.604,670 23,176,865 4,942,566 80,653.752 16,693,931 85,042,692 13,785.676 06,657,021 60,271,939 85,119,631 98,942,660 90.428,881 28,791,073 222,238,538 3,936,059 28.722.9C8 8.778.789 87.836.727 23.590,424 37,626.636 25.507.035 45.623.056 15,089,626 149,234,864 20,908,048 91.591,546 19,468.338 296,128,318 232,878.472 326,771,879 220,932,828 465.990.385 302,026.041 1.137.275,275 20,411.455 165.625.265 64.167,592 103,841 555 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina 67.305,992 44,410.575 55.766.258 129,508 626 29,233 001 East South Central... 304.130.933 Kentucky 1,139,433,836 831,914.027 933.661.266 4-6,622,845 8,666,784.50S 130,524,104 126,175.142 ,86.921,130 89,797.680 722.172.650 21,961.843 22.504,071 17.812.825 18,375,013 128.079,443 41,218,821 50,649,681 95,250.311 35,119,725 250,665.542 41.650.223 39.068,353 33.21 1,885 30.304,403 175.107.024 247.266.327 253.394.762 352,614.162 284,000,024 2.107.781.380 91,799,742 118,787.097 65,268.571 28 275 523 Alabama... West South Central. . 346.620,452 Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain.. 890,976.538 1.028,988.975 3.138,755.256 3,608,063.739 2,799.845.396 88,301,395 64.772,977 174.193.995 394,904,283 460.554,283 18,487,026 17,065.106 30.404,140 62.123,171 55,554,446 30,524.632 88,307,350 21,965.234 109,868,326 163,747,325 27.064,086 32,739.070 34.258.132 81,345,736 69.651.582 333.824,378 390.186,948 383,688,745 1,000,081,309 1.499,071,030 32.908.222 93.342.172 48.415.760 171,954,298 564,515.334 Montana Idaho. 450.271.730 143,201,061 90.280.515 1,223,511.598 147.056.630 183.408.911 376,008.261 186,106,640 8,289,267,259 91,707.546 58,398.555 54,434.914 88,059.546 55,003.870 43,997,536 39 301.735 29,650,581 318.a36.039 11.913.204 11.912.252 4,128,753 14.400.570 4,716.452 1,992.308 4,777,304 1,713.603 72.872,372 6.199.272 18.598,415 3.043.914 91.353,941 3.664,788 12.609.832 24.491,145 3,786,018 369,471,279 11.119.466 7,757.979 3,593.443 23,696.056 6.644.604 4,729.163 9.580,423 2,530,448 153.386,734 275.535.572 159,755.166 103.078 595 369,238,739 . 187,646.905 130,657,476 129,582,931 143,575,646 1.032.742,871 106.010,526 95,201.419 26.723.620 197,641 592 New Mexico Arizona Utah 18.070.248 37.9S2.596 57.963,901 24,921,432 Pacific 1,339.186.922 Washington 1,888,850,453 1,163.594,445 5,236,822.361 68.242,365 74,362,095 175,731,579 18,797,487 14.545,429 39,529,456 111.048,892 38,107,957 2241.314,430 35,799,788 25,139,773 92,447,173 351,546,678 179,916,887 501,279.306 227,341,952 145.746,77*1 California 966,098.200 United States 110.676.333.071 6.238.388.985 1.368.224,548 6.091.451.274 2.616,642.734 16,148.532.502 10.265,207.321 Note Total for street railways, shipping, water- I 000,000, value of privately owned water supply works, etc.. includes $402,351,858, value of ships systems, not distributed by states, belonging to the United States navy, and $290,- ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 71 WEALTH BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES (1912). ^-Per capita 1912 - Per capita 1904 Tax- Ex- Tax- Ex- Exempt. Total, able. empt.Total. able.empt. $883,242,895 $1,744 $1,614 $131 $1,498 $1,389 $110 Geographic divi- sion and state. Total. New England $11 , 805,422,012 Maine 1,069,594,027 New Hampshire.... 649,320,469 Vermont 527,261,775 Massachusetts 6,302,988,392 Rhode Island 970,802,690 Connecticut 2,285,454,659 Middle Atlantic... 46.211,667,778 New York .' 25,011,105,223 New Jersey 5,743,032,278 Pennsylvania 15,457,530,277 East North Central. 39,502.313,584 Ohio ' Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central. Minnesota 8,908,432,943 5,194,682,500 15,484,450,232 5,427,022,651 4,487,725,258 31,208,417,942 5,547,327,017 Iowa 7,868,454,211 Missouri 5,842,017,009 North Dakota 2,141,626,961 South Dakota 1,398,573,425 Nebraska 3,794,986,761 Kansas 4,615,432,538 South Atlantic Delaware Maryland Dist. of Columbia. 14,843,963.211 307,948,613 2,177,958,864 1,173,857,112 Virginia 2,289,913,786 West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central. Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central. Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma 2,303.571,209 f.807,573,780 1,351,400,753 2,382,600,866 1,049,138,228 7,660,040.736 2,267,777,525 1,920.348.261 2,127,054.930 1,344,860,020 15,434,960.541 Taxable. $10,922,179,117 1,030,366,547 613,441,572 496,935,964 5,735,230,115 892,693,475 2,153,511,444 41,411,819,840 21,912,629,507 5,361,917,422 14,137,272,911 37,551,136,365 S,552,130,667 4,951,061,490 14,596,467,087 5,169,022,582 4,282,454,539 29.617,836,203 5,266,950,787 7,437,094,834 5.546,493,103 2,037,626,024 1,330,693,417 3,605,133,830 4,393,844,208 13,777,891,828 293,721,979 2,002,216.720 767.316,951 2,174,685,192 2,179.527,639 1,745,233.696 1,301,406,985 2.299,197.590 1,014,585,076 7,342,852.219 .... 1,829.521,736 .... 2,164,437,746 .... 4.581,091,918 Texas 6,859,909,141 .... 6,753.014.065 1,149,732,986 60S, 305, 157 353,844,827 2,386,923,583 513,733,026 501,852,186 781,613,390 457,008,910 13,626.919,363 2,152,097,565 1,834,354,927 2,050.014,767 1.306,384,960 14.687.498,597 1,757,533,669 2,056,572,346 4,321,150,418 6,552,242,164 6,500,317 ,073 1,113,008,146 591,073,842 344,834,812 2,286.47S,777 501,627.424 487.099,365 734.811,880 441,382,827 12,921,668,488 3,054,690,780 1,843,542,127 8,023,435,581 The United States.. 187,739,071,090 175,425,551,588 Note The totals at the head of the first two columns include $402,351,858, value of ships be- longing to the United States navy, and $290,000,- 000. value of privately owned water supply sys- tems, not distributed by states. Includes Indian Territory. CLASSIFICATION OF. WEALTH (1912). Real property and improvements taxed $98,362,813,569 Real property and improvements exempt 12,313,519,502 Live stock 6,238,388,985 Farm implements and machinery.. 1,368,224,548 Manufacturing machinerv, tools and implements 6,091,451,274 Gold and silver coin and bullion.. 2,616,642,734 Railroads and their equipment 16,148,532,502 Street railways, etc: Street railways 4,596,563,292 Mountain Montana Idaho ... Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific . Washington 3,218,360.623 Oregon 1,944,354,463 California 8,464,204,277 12,313,519,502 Telegraph systems. Telephone systems 1,081,433.227 Pullman and cars not owned by railroads 123,362,701 Shipping and canals 1,491,117,193 Irrigation enterprises , .. 360,865,270 Privately owned waterworks 290,000,000 Privately owned central electric light and power stations 2,098,613,122 All other: Agricultural products 5,240,019,651 Manufactured products 14,693,861,489 Imported merchandise 826,632,467 Mining products 815,552,233 Clothing and personal adorn- ments 4,295,008,593 Furniture, carriages and kindred property 8,463,216.222 Total 187,739,071,090 72 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. COMPARATIVE WEALTH OF NATIONS. In its report on the national wealth of the United States in 1912 the census bureau quotes the following statement concerning the wealth of the principal nations as given by Augustus D. Webb, fellow of the Royal Statistical society, and published in the New Dictionary of Statistics for 1911: Country. Amount. United States (1904) *$107,104,192,410 British empire (1903) *108.279,625,000 United kingdom *72,997,500,000 Canada *6,569,775,000 Australasia *5,353,150,000 India *14,599,500,000 South Africa *2,919,900,000 Rest of empire *5 > 839,800,000 France ("recently") t$46,798,500,00O Denmark (1900. ) *1,946, 600,000 Germany (1908) *77,864,000,00O Australia (1903) t4,578,903,00O New Zealand (1905) *1,605, 945,000 Cape of Good Hope (1907) $428, 939,492 Total wealth. fPrivate wealth. JFixed prop- erty. The census bureau also quotes the following figures from Dr. Karl Helfferich's "Germany's Economic Progress and Economic Wealth": Country. Total wealth. German empire (1910-1911) $68,020,000,000 to 76,160,000,000 France (1908) 55,391,000,000 England (not stated) 54,740,000,000 United States (not stated) 119,000,000,000 TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS OF THE UNITED STATES. [From reports of federal census bureau.] The figures are for the year ending Dec. 31, 1912, and cover commercial operating companies ODly. LAND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS. Number of companies or systems 22 Miles of pole line *247,528 Miles of single wire owned and leased tl, 814, 196 Number of messages $103,536,418 Number of telegraph offices 30,781 Income, total $56,293,469 Telegraph traffic $32,337,211 All other sources $3,956,258 Net income for the year $3,431,044 Expenses, total : $52,862,425 General operation and maintenance.. $39,067,011 Interest and taxes $2 740,827 All other expenses $11,054,587 Assets, total $191,516,700 Construction and equipment $143,910,631 Stocks and bonds $17,122,592 Cash and current assets $29,672,528 Profit and loss deficit $810,949 Liabilities, total $191,516,700 Capital stock $104,274,435 Funded debt $34,741,000 Reserves $5,254,329 Accounts payable $12,175,438 Dividends, taxes and interest $1,460,733 Sundries $23,447,146 Profit and loss surplus $10,163,619 Net surplus $9,352,670 Capitalization Stock outstanding, par value $104,274,435 Dividends on stock $3,139,861 Funded debt $34,741,000 Average number employes 35,639 Salaries and wages $23,797,980 Exclusive of pole line wholly used by rail- roads. tDoes not include 22,816 nautical miles of ocean cable operated by one land telegraph com- pany. Exclusive also of 314,329 miles of wire wholly owned and operated by railway com- panies for their own business. tDoes not include land messages sent over its 207 miles of leased land wire by a wireless company, nor ocean cable messages. Exelusive of ocean cable messages. WIRELESS TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS. Number of companies or systems 4 Number of messages *285.091 Number of tower stations 74 Income, total $669,158 Net income $4,738 Expenses, total $664,420 General operations and maintenance.. $588,712 Interest and taxes..; $7,826 All other expenses $67,882 Assets, total $10,377,197 Construction and equipment $1,205,770 Cash and current assets $9,171,427 Liabilities, total '. $10,377,197 Capital stock $9,602,570 Floating debt and mortgages $18,483 Accounts payable $583,160 Profit and loss surplus $172,984 Capitalization Stock outstanding, par value $9,602,570 Average number employes 958 Salaries and wages $393,606 Includes 5,013 land messages sent over a leased land wire by a wireless company doing land telegraph business also. OCEAN CABLE SYSTEMS (U. S.). Number of companies or systems* 7 Nautical miles of ocean cable* 67,676 Number of messages* 15,841,280 Income, total $8,469,374 Telegraph traffic $8,065,798 All other sources $403,576 Net income $2,952,847 Expenses, total $5,516,527 General operation $4,008,218 Interest and taxes $1,214,554 All other expenses $293,755 Assets, total $107,583,155 Construction and equipment $78,136,115 Stocks and bonds, treasury stock, etc. $16,811,087 Cash and current assets $12,635,953 Liabilities, total $107,583,155 Capital stock $55,489,400 Funded debt and reserves $43,549,451 Accounts payable $1,459,797 Dividends due and sundries $587,229 Profit and loss surplus $6,497,278 Capitalization Stock outstanding, par value i $55. 4S9. 400 Dividends on stock $3,040,200 Average number employes 1.656 Salaries and wages $1,167,014 Includes returns for Western Union Telegraph company, but no segregation could be made of financial statistics or employes for the cable business of this company. fNumber for one com- pany estimated by company reporting. UNITED STATES TELEGRAPH STATISTICS (WESTERN UNION). Miles of Year. wires. Offices. 1900 933,153 22,900 1910 1*,429,049 24,825 1915 1,610,709 25,142 Average per message. Messages. 63,167,783 75,135,405' Receipts. $24,753,670 33,889.202 52,475,721 COINAGE MINTS AND ASSAY Coinage mints of the United States are located In Philadelphia. Pa. ; San Francisco, Cal., and Denver, Col. The government assay offices are In New York, N. Y. : Carson. Nev. : Denver, Col.; Boise, Idaho; Helena, Mont.: Charlotte, Expenses. $18,593,206 26,614,302 40,972,541 OFFICES. Louis. Mo. Profits. $6,165,364 7,274,900 11,503,180 *Toll.*Cost. Cents. Cents. 30.8 25.1 35.2 30.2 X. C: St. Louis, Mo.; Deadwood, S. D. : Se- attle, Wash.; New Orleans, La., and Salt Lake City. Utah. The mint in Philadelphia was es- tablished in 1792 and the others as follows: San Francisco, 1852, and Denver, 1904. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 73 UNITED STATES TELEPHONE STATISTICS. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM STATISTICS. [From annual report for years ending Dec. 31, 1915 and 1916.] Employes' benefit fund. 1915. Total miles pole lines 330,602 Miles underground conduit.. 44,510 Miles underground wire 10,536,837 Miles submarine wire 36,314 Miles aerial wire 7,932,394 Total miles wire 18,505,545 Comprising toll wire 2,453,483 Comprising exchange wire... 16,052, 06? Total 18,505,545 Miles phantom circuit 196,841 Total exchange circuits 3,174 : 271 Number central offices 5,300 Number Bell stations 5,968,110 Number connected stations. . 3.183,111 Tofhl stations 9,151,221 Number employes 156.294 Number connecting lines 28,306 Exchange connections daily.. 25, 183,799 Toll connections daily 819,030 COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS. 1915. 1916. 337,289 47,120 11,468,525 41,172 8,340,618 Assets Telephone plant ... Supplies, tools, etc Receivables Cash Stocks and bonds.. 880,068,520 15,951,582 43,518,625 45,716,330 72,652.646 19,850,315 2 682,910 J.7,167,405 19,850,315 221.994 3,459.069 5,397 6,545,490 3,301.702 9,847,192 179,032 30,358 28,530,073 1916. $946,293,248 24,032,099 66,029,580 80,692,829 81,815.476 Surpli Total and reserves. $9,114,329 223,401,663 $9,151,000 262,005,159 Total 1,057,907,703 1,198,863.232 Liabilities- Capital stock 440,711,200 463,101,569 Funded debts 353,236,464 422,586.617 Bills pavable 2,404,920 3,738,451 Accounts payable 29,039,127 38,280,436 Total outstanding... 825.391.7U 927,707,073 1,057.907.703 1,198.863,232 BEVEXEES AXD EXPENSES. 1915. 1916. Gross revenue $239, 909, 649 $270, 400, 892 Expenses Operation 84,550,665 94,744,768 Current maintenance 31,171,272 34,923,549 Depreciation 44,888,702 49,982,956 Taxes .13,117,253 15,131,980 Total expenses 173,727.892 194,783.253 Net revenue 66,181,757 75,617,639 Deduct interest 18.095.643 18,378,931 Balance net income 48.086.114 57,238.708 Deduct dividends paid 32,897,065 __35,160,119 Balance for surplus 15,189,049 22,078.589 GOVERXMEXT CEXSES STATISTICS. Miles Year. wire. Telephones. Messages.* Bell system... 1912 15,133,186 5.087,027 9.133.226.836 1907 8.947,266 3,132.063 6.401.044.799 1902 3,387,924 1,317,178 3,074,530.060 Other systems.1912 5.115.140 3,642.565 4.602,431,409 1907 4.052.098 2,986,515 3.999.389.159 1902 1,512,527 1,053.866 1,996.024.493 D't'd States. 1912 20,248.326 8,729,592 fl3,735.658,245 1907 12.999,364 6,118,578 flO.400,433.958 1902 4.900,451 2,371,044 5.070.554.553 The number of messages reported by the Bell telephone system includes only completed calls, while the figures for all other companies may include some original calls not necessarily com- pleted: such as calls that the operator reports as "Line busy" or "Does not answer." tEx- clusive of companies with an annual income of less than $5,000. LIFE INSURANCE IN THE UNITED STATES. Year. 1850... 1870. 1900. 1910. 1915. Policies. 29,407 60.000 839,226 679.690 1,319.561 3,176,051 6.954,119 9.890,264 -Ordinary- Amount. $68,614,189 180.000,000 2,262,-847,000 1,564,183,532 3,620,057,439 7,093,152,380 13,227.213,168 18,349,285,339 -Industrial- Amount. 236,674 3,883.529 11.219,296 23,034,463 32,623,419 Payments to policyholders $20,533,469 429,521,128 3,177,047,874 4,394,051,492 Total Income. 1890 $196,938,069 $90,007,820 1900 400.257,60" 1910 781.011.249 Assets. 1915. Year. 1901.. 1910.. 1915.. 1.043,083,337 387.302,073 544,705,320 $770,972,061 1,742,414,173 3,875.877,059 5,190,310,353 Policies. 916,364 5,203,090 14,395,347 29.988,582 42,513,683 Liabilities. $678,681,309 1,493,378,709 3,325,878.366 4,648,524,264 $1,584,717,001 4,049,578.567 8,562,138,746 16,404.261,042 22,743,336,831 Surplus. $92,290,752 249,035,464 549,998,693 541,786,089 FRATERNAL LIFE INSURANCE. Companies. Income. Disbursement. $81,628,596 $77,343,460 128.631,649 110.168,334 133,340,532 123,625.199 497 472 Claims paid. $64,128,047 .92,279,662 98,719,683 Insurance written. $799,626,678 1,331,552,713 922,890,579 Insurance Certificates in force. In force. No. $5,656,453,465 4,518,955 9,562,511,910 8,558,093 8,694,449,483 7.695,944 FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE. , Payments to policy N Com- holders. Yr.panies. Income. Losses. Dividends. Total. 1890.. 580 $157,857,983 $75,334,517 $5,334,495 $80,768,012 1900.. 493 198,312,577 108,307.171 8.446,110 116,753,281 1910.. 597 381,545,814 166,789,763 20.709,261 187.499,024 1915.. 613 459.361,260 221,701,359 10,445,414 232,146,803 CASUALTY AND OTHER INSURANCE. Payments Com- to policy- Year, panies. Income. holders. 1890 34 $9,758,413 $2,933,306 1900 62 32,309,619 10,166,796 1910 177 Ul.041,748 41,465.472 1915 178* 174,891,539 75.444,158 UNITED STATES FIRE LOSSES BY YEARS. [From the Insurance Press.] 1910 $214,003,300 1911 217,004,575 1912 206,438,900 1913 203,408,250 .914. 1915. 1916. $221,439,350 172.033,200 213.539,670 SUGAR PRODUCTION OF HAWAII. The total production of sugar in Hawaii for the year ending Sept. 30, 1916, was 592,763 tons of 2,000 pounds each as compared with 646,000 tons in 1915. 612,000 tons in 1914. 546.524 tons in 1913 and 595.038 tons in 1912. The total area in cane in 1916 was 246,332 acres. 74 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1818. NATIONAL RAILWAY, TELEGRAPH AND POSTAL STATISTICS [From report compiled by bureau of statistics, Washington, D. C] Posts? I Rail Country. Argentina 1917 Australasia Commonwealth of Australia 1915 New Zealand 1916 Austria-Hungary Austria (in- cluding Bosnia and Herze- govina) 1914 Hungary 1914 Belgium 1914 Kongo, Belgian 1914 Bolivia 1913 Brazil 1915 Bulgaria 1914 Canada 1915 Central American states- Costa Rica '. 1915 Guatemala 1915 Honduras 1915 Nicaragua 1913 Panama 1913 Salvador 1915 Chile 1915 China 1916 Colombia 1915 - Cuba 1913 Denmark 1915 Ecuador 1913 Egypt 1915 Prance 1914 , Algeria 1914 Tunis 1914 French Indo-China 1914 French colonies (n. e. s.)..1914 German empire 1914 German colonics 1914 Greece 1913 Crete h Haiti 1913 India, British 1915 Italy 1915 Japan 1915 Formosa 1915 Chosen 1916 Luxemburg 1914 Mexico 1913 Montenegro 1909 Netherlands 1915 East Indies 1915 West Indies, etc 1913 Norway 1914 Paraguay 1915 Persia 1913 Peru 1913 Portugal 1913 Colonies 1913 Roumania 1914 Russia 1916 Finland 1916 Santo Domingo 1913 Serbia 1914 Siam 1915 Spain 1914 Sweden 1915 Switzerland 1914 Turkey ,. 1914 Union of South Africa 1915 United kingdom 1915 Colonies (n. e. s.) 1914 United States : . . .1915 Philippines 1915 Porto Rico 1913 Uruguay 1913 Venezuela * 1916 ways. Miles.* -21,620 22,263 2,960 15,739 13,589 5,451 16.194 1,537 35,582 438 613 240 200 298 267 5,015 6,467 708 2,331 2,455 652 4,381 31,958 2.793 1,173 1,282 1,948 39,600 2,866 1,396 140 35,285 11,351 7,132 318 1,006 326 16,088 11 2,075 1.72S 117 1,967 255 34 1,719 1,854 1,069 2,382 48.955 2,527 400 977 976 9,377 9,099 3,562 4,576 8,982 23.701 8,128 264,378 733 340 1,69 533 Total 717,533 Miles of lines. tMiles of wire. Tele- graphs. Miles, t 52,584 50,837 13,684 31,842 16,396 5,206 1,622 3,811 36,199 3,701 4ft,215 1,521 4,045 4,281 3,637 1,004 2,412 18.1S1 37.403 11,721 5,065 2,295 4.37,1 10,436 120,738 9,665 3.029 8.962 19,922 148,192 6.527 5,748 319 124 86,067 35,033 25,628 637 4,800 441 22,452 t528 5,054 12,993 "*7!23S 2,485 6,312 9.321 5,945 6,657 5.944 149,906 " i.oii 2,729 4,361 28,832 6,867 3,248 23,677 16,05.3 81,000 32,214 238,940 4,867 590 2.666 5,443 Post- offices. No. 3,365 2,402 9,187 6,610 1,708 50 293 3,636 504 14,178 208 382 255 135 96 117 1,114 12,182 655 658 1.739 168 2,104 15,169 688 461 324 634 51,573 220 1.342 20,030 11.426 7,971 158 516 140 2,911 21 1,550 1,711 17 3.640 385 191 774 6,155 383 3,087 18.760 2,310 105 1,556 255 6.912 4,276 4,378 850 2,478 24.589 2.761 55.934 995 296 Postal routes. Miles. 51,031 Washington, Postal service performed. Miles. 25,397, 49S 128,054 50,921 5,828 13,919 13,867 99,845 20,049 33,363 321 1.848 32,712 151,012 "s',324 6,539 " 7\297 81,792 9,083 5.743 22.625 49,288 91,276 157,657 49,294 64,524 8,068 20.255 659 51.679 ' 10.078 9,287 10,570 17,984 24,539 60.835 66.786 224,665 2,121 4,954 59,179 43.945 7,957 24.195 8,621 Yal. money and posta" r orders sent , Domestic. Foreign. $22,137,766 $802,909 147,427 42,885,994 72,967,308 57,768,029 74,307,186 961,764 708,732 "7i964,'909 61,818,400 68.566 36.601 8,861,979 76,161,882 10,606,187 "U55^si 166,598,520 7,844,623 3,265,685 7,332,369 5.443,886 107,079 434,023,374 54,316,506 13,723,251 311,543,363 263,780,905 98,924,457 413,692 602,914 13,043,364 7,700,072 75,781,582 5,467,123 2,607,624 79,449,S46 57,834,624 12,333,540 944,252 2,342,889 IS.688,289 188,397 13,029,403 5,813,245 578,838 72.967,143 3,89S,180 26,173,567 753,037,672 104,136,982 5,005,083 5,336,504 8,496,345 .044,009,394 26,299,106 3,236,816 652,613 1,829,330 20,645,171 62S.610 6,235,213 2,102,498 3.43/.930 57,694,974 "*453;i9S 39,299 174,940,133 88,584,586 1,129,588,165 80,021,018 108,023,191 5,920,791 8,903,874 5,629,746 24,218,667 8,710,249 999,499 23,121,371 '32i5i6",098 6.045.S09 3,714,375 21,180,116 432,707 6,563 10,606,032 7,659,333 4,558.442 50,143 15,956,211 2,296,602 2,045,692 15,394,571 3,075,187 20,527,813 42,967,381 4,170,160 16,986,108 1,519,560- 166,517 618,300 19,799,240 2,941,637 340,728 14,651,201 540,305 15,691,823 100,687,951 1,358,733.793 13,454,933 1,326 65,148 621,064 564.534 5,973,739 12,844,417 3,281,531 869,707 474,088 29,324,513 21,185,566 6,129,816 16,406,960 7,080,257 531,817 26,632,347 109,519,226 125,686,146 20,933,643 22,413,381 469,380,446 647.98? 49.2S9 "5,'07i,*74O 14,546,355 172,313 3,026,379 14,600,S72 444.279 616,460,122 3,056,360 719,364,950 7,726,733 46,357.386 1,773,777 ',587,242 19,597 1,525,693 329,574 2,476,4S6 2,157,955,779 446,390,702 NEW BRIDGES ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI. Free or municipal bridge at St. Louis. Mo. ; | Railroad, vehicle and pedestrian _ bridge at opened Jan. 20, 1917; 18,258 feet ; channel $6,000,000, length with span, 2,022 approaches, feet ; cost, Memphis, Tenn.: opened to railroad traffic in 1916: to other traffic in 1917; total length. 1%. miles; channel span, 2,539 feet; cost, $6,000,000. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 11)18. 75 MERCHANT MARINE OF THE UNITED STATES. [From the reports of the bureau of navigation.] Year. In Foreign Trade. In Coastwise TRADE. Whale Fisheries. Cod and Mackerel Fish- eries. Total. Annual inc. (+) Steam. 1 Total. Steam. Total. Steam. Tons. '"4,925 3,986 3,509 3.252 4.265 3,682 1,789 Total. dec.( ) I860. Tons. 97.296 192,544 146,604 192,705 337.356 533.468 667.896 720,609 1,346.164 1,573.705 Tons. 2,379.396 1,448,846 1,314,402 928.062 816,795 782,517 1.019.1(6 1,066,288 1,862,714 2,185,008 Tons. 770.641 882,551 1.064,954 1.661,458 2.289,825 4.330.896 4.646,741 4,688,240 4,578,66? 4,315,579 Tons. 2,644.867 2,638.247 2,637.686 3,409,435 4,286,516 6.668.9(56 6.817,013 6,818,363 6.486,384 6,244,550 Tons. 166.841 67,954 38.408 18.633 9,899 9,308 8,611 9,864 8,829 6,707 Tons. 162,764 91.460 77,538 68,367 51,629 47,291 41,762 26,700 31,502 33,384 Tons. 5.353,868 4.246.507 4.068,034 4.424.497 5.164.839 7. 508.082 7,886,551 7,928,688 8,389,429 8,469.649 Percent. + 4.06 4-2.41 2.4S- 1870 1880 1890 - 2.71 1900 p 6.18 1910 p 1.61 1913 p 2.23 1914... p 2.23 1915 p 5.49 1916_ r 0.95 VESSELS BUILT IN THE UNITED STATES. Year. 1900 1910 1913 1914 1915 1916 New England coast. Tons. 78.577 72.179 23,442 27.131 21.934 18.551 37,568 On entire seaboard. No. 756 1,107 887 1,022 887 777 609 Tons. 169,091 249.006 167,829 247.318 251,683 184.605 238.181 Mississippi and tribu- taries. No. 104 215 193 234 133 144 140 Tons. 16,506 14.173 5,488 7,930 8.018 5.499 4,973 On great lakes. No. Tons 191 108.526 125 130,611 281 168.751 219 90.907 m 56.549 147 16,467 126 44.691 Total. No. 1.051 1,447 1,361 1,475 1,151 1,157 937 Tons. 294.123 393,790 342.068 346.155 316,250 225,122 325,413 Sail. No. 505 504 127 72 51 . 51 34 Tons. 102,873 116.460 19.358 28.610 13.749 8,021 14,765 No. 410 422 936 1,004 77S 751 129 Tons. 159,045 202. 52H 257,993 21::!. 408 224,225 154,990 237,836 MERCHANT SHIPBUILDING, 1912 TO 1916. [From Lloyd's Register.] f 1912 , , 1913 , , 1914 v t 1915 , Where built. No. Tons. No. ' Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. United kingdom 712 1,738,514 688 1,932,153 656 1,683,553 327 050,919 British colonies 84 34,790 91 48,339 80 47,534 31 22,014 Ausfia-Hungary 12 38,821 17 61,757 11 *34,335 t t Denmark * 22 26,103 31 40,932 25 32,815 23 45,198 France 80 110,734 89 176,095 33 114,052 6 25,402 Germany 165 375,317 162 465,226 89 *387,192 t t Italy 27 25,196 38 50,356 47 42,981 30 22,132 Japan 168 57,755 152 64,664 32 85,861 26 49,408 Netherlands 112 99,439 95 104,296 130 118,153 120 113,075 Norway 89 50,255 74 50,637 61 54,204 59 62,070 Sweden 22 13,968 25 18,524 26 15,163 27 20,319 United States: Coast 144 194,273 182 228,232 84 162,937 76 157,167 Great lakes 30 89,950 23 48,216 10 37,825 8 20,293 Other countries 52 46,654 83 43,455 35 *36,148 10 *13,641 Total 1,719 2,901,768 1,750 3,332,882 1,319 *2,852,753 743 *1,201,638 Returns not complete. f Returns not available. SHIPS BUILT IN 1916. (Calendar year.) ,-Atlantic-^ , Pacific . , Great , ,-Western-^ , Total , and gulf. lakes. rivers. No. *Tons. No. *Tons. No. Tons. No. "Tons. No. *Tons. Wood Sailing 45 12,892 3 3,903 51 16,795 Steam 26 3,999 14 7,472 10 795 16 1,706 66 13,972 Gas 229 7,423 166 8.719 34 615 97 1,613 526 18,370 Unrigged 242 82,074 79 9,080 35 4,625 26 922 382 96,701 Total 542 106,383 265 29.174 79 6,035 139 4,241 1,025 145.838 Metal Sailing 1 562 ... ...... 1 2,320 2 2.882 Steam 50 193,827 10 63,931 35 88,464 7 1,094 102 347.316 Gas 8 7,672 1 213 . 6 9,808 4 1,509 19 19.202 Unrigged 9 3,977 4 1,608 2 24 15 5,609 Total 68 206,038 11 64,144 46 102,200 13 2,627 138 375.009 Totals Sailing 46 13,454 6 3,903 1 2,320 53 19,677 Steam 76 197,826 24 71,403 41 89,259 23 2,800 164 361. 28S Gas 237 15.095 167 8.932 44 10,423 101 3,122 549 37,572 Unrigged 251 86,051 79 9.080 39 6,233 28 946 397 102,310 Grand tota\ , 610 312,426 276 93,318 125 108,235 152 6.86S 1,163 520.847 Gross tons. In addition to the above there I 39,020 grosp tons ; total, 50 vessels of 39,o92 were built during 1916 for foreigners 36 wooden gross tons, vessels of 372 gross tons and 14 steel vessels of ' 76 ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. WORLD'S SHIPS, RAILWAYS, TELEGRAPHS AND CABLES. [Report of the bureau of statistics, Washington, D. C] , m Development by decades of carrying Dower, commerce and means of communication from 1800 to 1915. COMMERCE. Vessel Tonnage. Rail- ways. Tele- graphs Year. iation. Total. Per capita. Sail. Steam. Total. Cables 1800 - Mil- lions. 640 780 847 950 1,075 1,205 1,310 1.439 1.488 1.500 1,616 1,672 Mil- lionsof dollars 1.479 1.659 1,981 2,789 4.049 7,246 10,663 14,761 17,519 20,105 33.634 31.302 Dol- lars. 2.31 2.13 2.34 2.93 3.76 6.01 8.14 10.26 11.80 13.33 20.81 18.72 Thou- sand tons. 4.026 6.814 7,100 9,012 11,470 14,890 12.900 14,400 12.640 8,119 4,366 3.583 Thou- sand tons. 20 111 368 864 1.710 3,040 5.880 8.295 13,856 23,392 28.160 Thou- sand tons. 4.026 5.834 7,211 9,380 12,334 16.600 15,940 20,280 20,935 21,975 28.298 31.743 Thou- sand miles. Thou- sand miles. Thou- sand miles. 1820 J 1830 0.2 5.4 24.0 67.4 139.9 224.9 390.0 500.0 637.0 717.5 1S4U 1850 * 5 100 281 440 768 1.180 1.307 1,526 1-40 1860 1870 JF 1880 49 1890 132 190C 200 1910 291 1915 335 GREAT OCEAN STEAMSHIPS. Reg.L-th.B'th Name. Ton'ge. Ft. Ft. Vaterland 54,282 920 100 Imperator 52,000 898 97 Europa 50,000 911 96 Aquitaniu 47,000 901 92 Olympic 45.000 890 92 Columbus 35.000 696 76 Mauretania 32.000 790 83 George Washington.25,570 722 78 K. Aug. Victoria.. 24.581 677 77 Adriatic 24,541 726 75 Rotterdam 24.170 668 77 Baltic 23.876 726 75 France 23,666 720 75 Amerika 22,622 687 74 Cedrie 21.035 680 75 Celtic 20.904 680 75 Minnesota 20.718 622 73 Caronia 19,594 650 72 Carmania 19,524 650 72 Kronp. Cecilie 19,503 706 72 /Eneas 19,500 500 60 Kaiser Wilbelm 11.19.361 684 72 Lapland 18.694 620 70 President Lincoln.. 18,168 616 68 President Grant... 18.072 616 68 Berlin 17.324 612 70 Pr. Fr. Wilbelm,.. 17. 084 613 68 Cleveland 17,000 608 65 Cincinnati 17.000 608 65 New Amsterdam... 16. 697 600 69 Deutschland 16,502 661 67 Megantic 15.877 565 67 Republic 15.378 570 68 Kronprinz Wilbelml4,908 637 66 La Pro venae 14.744 602- 65 Nestor 14,500 500 66 Saxonia 14.281 580 64 Empress of Britainl4.189 549 65 Ivernia 14.058 582 65 Canada 14.000 500 60 Reg.L Name. Ton'ge ;Eona 14.000 Verona 14,000 Taormina 14,000 Sant Anna 14.000 Mongolia 13.639 Carpatbia 13,603 Cretic 13.507 Patricia 13,424 Minnewaska 13,401 Minnetonka 13.398 Pennsylvania 13,333 Andania 13,300 Alaunia : 13.300 Pretoria 13,234 Graf Waldersee ...13.193 Grosser Kurfurst. .13,102 Cymric 13,096 Oceania 13.000 Kenilworth Castle. 12,975 Campania 12.950 Finland 12.760 Kroonland 12,760 Walmer Castle ....12.546 Noordam 12.534 Rvnda-m 12.527 Potsdam 12.522 Suevic 12.500 Runic 12.482 Saxon 12.385 Moltke 12.335 Bluecher 12.334 Ionic 12,232 Corinthic 12.231 Canopic 12.097 Vaderland 12.018 America 12,000 Duca degli Abruzzil2.000 Duca d'Aosta 12.000 Duca di Genova ...12.000 th.B'th .Ft. Ft. 485 60 485 60 485 60 500 60 600 65 540 63 582 60 560 62 600 66 600 66 559 62 540 64 540 64 561 62 561 62 560 62 585 64 477 56 570 65 650 72 578 60 560 60 570 64 550 62 550 62 550 62 550 63 550 63 570 64 525 62 525 62 500 63 500 63 594 59 560 60 506 56 476 54 476 54 476 54 Reg.L' Name. Ton'ge Cameronian 12.000 Frederick VIII 12.000 Bergensfjord 12.000 Medic 11,985 Persic 11,973 Zeeland 11,905 Haverford 11,635 St. Louis ....11,629 St. Paul 11.629 Merion 11,621 Bremen 11,570 Batavia ....: 11.490 Corsican 11.436 Romanic 11.394 La Savoie 11,168 La Lorraine 11.146 Chicago 11,103 Barbarossa 10,794 New York 10.798 Philadelphia 10.786 Virginian 10.754 Scotian 10.750 Koenigin Luise 10,711 Friedr'h der Grossel0,695 Koenig Albert 10,643 Victorian 10.629 Slavonia 10,606 Tunisian 10,576 Hamburg 10.531 Marmora 10,509 Statendam 10,491 Devonian 10.418 Winnifredian 10,405 Ultonia 10.405 Bavarian 10.387 Majestic 10.147 Amazon 10.100 I'nited States 10.091 Helig Olav 10.085 th.B'th Ft. Ft. 540 60 540 62 530 61 550 63 550 63 561 60 531 53 535 63 535 63 530 59 550 60 501 62 500 61 550 59 563 60 563 60 526 57 526 60 517 &S 527 t;:: 520 60 541) 60 523 60 523 60 499 60 520 60 510 90 500 59 499 60 530 60 515 60 552 69 652 59 500 57 501 59 565 58 513 60 515 58 500 58 DISASTERS TO SHIPPING. On and near the coasts and on the rivers of the United States and American on the coasts of foreign countries. essels at sea and YEAR. Wrecks* Lives lost. Loss on vessels. Loss on cargoes. $2,018,140 1.731.765 1.740.515 2,451,905 3.350.500 2,147,675 2.309,335 1,722.210 1,634.615 2,263,795 2.245,305 Year. Wrecks* Lives lost. Loss on vessels. Loss on cargoes. 1896 1897 1.392 1.206 1.191 1,874 1.234 1.313 1,359 1,704 1.182 1.209 1.326 3f,9 299 743 742 . 252 452 531 376 1.454 267 499 $6,485,595 6.442.175 10.728.250 8.932.835 7,186.990 7.094.345 8,823.920 7.011,775 7,028.555 8.187.500 10.089.610 1907 iy08 1.670 1.341 1,317 1,493 1,227 1.447 1.265 1.210 1,088 1,140 artial. 624 374 403 403 262 195 283 421 277 1,364 $13,709,915 9,555.825 9,491,635 11.058,840 9.565.995 8,213.375 8.338.935 11.437.330 10,199,560 12,671,040 $3,062,110 2.152.155 1898 1909 1910 3.330,825 1899 2,565.580 1900 1911 1,694.630 1901 1912 1.941,010 1902 1913 1914 1915 1.549,285 1903 1904 2,509,405 4.013.083 i905 :. 1916. . 3,668,995 i906, Total or r. ALMANAC AND YEAR-BOOK FOR 1918. 77 PRINCIPAL SEAPORTS OF THE WORLD. [From statistical abstract of the United States.] NET VESSEL Port. Year. Entered. Adelaide, Australia 1913 608,000 Aden, Arabia 1914 3,925,000 Alexandria, Egypt 1913 2,641,000 Antwerp, Belgium 1912 13,757,000 Baltimore, Md 1916 2,528,000 Barcelona, Spain 1913 2,641,000 Bilbao, Spain 1913 2,015,000 Bombay, India 1915 1,818,000 Bordeaux, France 1916 2,824,000 Boston, Mass 1916 2,421,000 Boulogne, France 1916 613,000 Bremen, Germany 1913 1,511,000 Bremerhaven, Germany.. 1913 2,038,000 Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1912 7,962,000 Calcutta, India 1915 1,457,000 Cape Town, U. of S. A.. 1915 1,612,000 Cardiff, Wales 1914 7,285,000 Cherbourg, France 1916 2,642,000 Colombo, Ceylon 1914 6,754,000 Constantinople, Turkey. .1913 Copenhagen, Denmark 1912 3,441.000 Cork, Ireland 1914 3,120,000 Dunquerque, France.: 1916 1,201,000 Fiume, Austria -Hungary. 1912 2,125,000 Fremantle, Australia 1913 934,000 Galveston, Texas 1916 1,137,000 Genoa, Italy 1914 5,336,000 Gibraltar 1913 6,315,000 Glasgow, Scotland 1914 3,012,000 Hamburg, Germany 1913 12,997,000 Havana, Cuba 1915 3,499,000 Havre, France 1916 2,642,000 Hongkong- Victoria 1914 11,045,000 Kobe, Japan 1915 5,420,000 Lisbon, Portugal 1913 10,389,000 Liverpool, England 1914 11,959,000 TONNAGE IN FOREIGN TRADE. Cleared. Port. Year. 379,000 London, England 1914 3,919,000 Marseilles, France 1916 1,856,000 Melbourne, Australia 19-13 13,722,000 Moji, Japan 1915 2,418,000 Montevideo, Uruguay 1912 1,856,000 Montreal, Canada 1916 1,940,000 Nagasaki, Japan 1915 1,560,000 Naples, Italy 1914 1,014,000 New Orleans, La 1916 1,590,000 New York, N. Y 1916 317.000 Odessa, Russia 1914 1,506,000 Petrograd, Russia 1914 1,945,000 Philadelphia, Pa 1916 6,285,000 Piraeus, Greece 1914 1,654,000 Port Natal, U. of S. A.. 1915 1,415,000 Puget Sound, Wash 1916 8,933,000 Riga,. Russia 1914 1,112,000 Rio de Janeiro, Brail...l915 6.749.000 Rotterdam, Holland 1913 11,319,000 San Francisco. Cal 1916 3.484.001 Santos. Brazil 1915 2,954,000 Shanghai, China 1915 109,000 Singapore, Straits Sets.. 1914 2,144,000 Southampton, England. ..1914 844,000 Sydney, Australia 1913 1,324,000 Tampico, Mexico 1912 5,119,000 Trieste, Austria-Hungaryl913 6,161.000 Tyne Ports, England 1914 3,987,000 Valencia, Spain 1913 13,192,000 Valetta, Malta 1914 3.478,000 Vancouver, Canada 1916 1,112,000 Vera Cruz, Mexico 1912 11,025, 000 Victoria, Canada 1916 5,488.000 Vladivostok, Russia 1914 10,470,000 Yokohama, Japan 1915 10,813,000 Entered. Cleared. 13,006,000 10,453,000 5,299,000 3,402,000 718,000 244,000 4,543,000 4,618,000 8,59S,000 8,593,000 1,613,000 1,663,000 1,909,664 1,906,000 5,120.000 5,033,000 2,804,009 2,831,000 13,461,000 13,919,000 1,044,000 1,081,000 1,171,000 1.067.00O 2,408,000 2,232,000 4,067,000 4,055,000 1,618,000 "1.7S4.00O 3,352,000 3,304,000 772,000 823,000 5,032,000 5,014,000 12,308,000 12,201,000 1,179,000 1,542,000 5,022,000 5,014,000 8,358,000 8,492,000 8,025,000 7,994.000 4,652,000 4,655,000 1,093,000 1,073,000 1,521,000 1,516,000 3,466,000 3,460,000 5,999,000 7,242,000 1,705,000 1.523.U00 5,546,000 5,552,000 1,889,000 1,593,000 1,447,000 1,427,000 1,955,000 2,214,000 903,000 898,000 3,001,000 2.874,000 GREAT SHIP CANALS CF THE WORLD. Opened, Length, Depth, Canal. year. miles. feet. Cape Cod 1914 8 25 Corinth (Greece) 1893 4 26.25 Kronstadt-Petrograd (Russia) 1890 16 20.50 E