•*' — ^^ I L I G> RARY OF THE U N IVERSITY or 1 LLl NOIS Am35 V.7 cop. 3 I .H.3. THE AMERICAN ALMANAC AND REPOSITORY OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, FOR THE YEAR 1836. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY CHARLES BOWEN. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1835, By Charles Bowen, in the Clerk's ofRce of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. CAMBRIDGE: CHARLES FOLSOSI, Printer to the University. TLL, Hist-Su.k'v. 317 ^Op'} PREFACE. In presenting the seventh volume of the American Almanac to the public, we avail ourselves of the opportunity, which the occasion affords, of expressing our grateful acknowledgments to our cor- respondents, who have kindly forwarded information for the im- provement of the work ; and we respectfully solicit a continu- ance of similar favors. For information relating to the astronomical department, we would refer the reader to the Preliminary Observations of Mr. Paine. Explanations and remarks in relation to various other matters will be found in different parts of the work. This volume of the Almanac contains the usual register of the general and state governments, together with a variety of other statistical and miscellaneous matter ; but it is more par-- ticularly characterized by an account of the principal Benevo- lent Institutions of the United States, and a view of the eccle- siastical statistics of the Religious Denominations. With respect to the accounts of the Benevolent Institutions, the substance of the greater part of them has been kindly fur- nished by gentlemen who are connected with the several insti- tutions in an official capacity ; and the others have been derived mainly from official sources.' We have, for the most part, limited our notices to such institutions as are of a general or national character. A few such which we intended to notice, have been omitted ; but they may perhaps hereafter receive attention. We had designed to give some account of the Benevolent Institu- tions of the Individual States ; but it was found that the limits of the work would not admit of its being done in a satisfactory manner. IV PREFACE. The greater part of the statistical information relating to the diiFerent Religious Denominations has been derived from official documents ; but a considerable portion of it has been furnished by correspondents in the several States. As some of the Reli- gious Denominations are not in the habit of publishing official reports, the information relating to these must necessarily be defective. The topics treated of in this work are of great variety, and many of them are matters in relation to which it is very difficult to procure satisfactory and accurate information. It is, therefore, impossible to avoid errors and defects ; but imperfect as it is, we trust that it will carry with it evidence of our desire to furnish the public with a book that may be justly entitled a " Repository of Useful Knowledge." Cambridge, Massachusetts, October 7, 1835. CONTENTS PART I. Calendar and Celestial Phenomena fob the Year 1836. Celestial Phenomena; Signs, &c Chronological Cycles Signs of tlie Zodiac . Beginning and Length of the Seasons Movable Festivals ; Jewish Calendar Mahometan Calendar Height of the Greatest Tides Tide Table .... CALENDAR, January, &c. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon . Pago. 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 8 10 34 Page. Occultations 46 Eclipses of the Satellites of Jupiter 47 Libration of the Moon's Disc . . 49 Latitude and Longitude of Places, U. S. 50 Increase of .Sidereal Time, &c. . 53 Ephemeris of the Sun . . .54 True Apparent Places of 30 Fixed Stars GO Dr. Young's Refractions . . 66 Table of the Sun's Parallax in Altitude 67 Elements of Eclipses . . .68 PART II. Miscellaneous Department. 1. Statistics of Crime in France 2. Pauperism iu France . 72 I 3. Agriculture and Rural Eeonomy 88 United States. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 2.5. 26. Executive Government 95 27 Intercourse with Foreign Nations • 28 Alinisters and Consuls 97 29 Army List .... 101 Navy List 102 Vessels of War 103 The Judiciary .... 104 Bates of Postage . 108 Amount of Postages 109 Mint of the United States 110 Public Debt .... 112 Bank of the United States 113 Amount of Currency in Specie, &,c .114 Selected or Deposit Banks 116 Capital of the Stale Banks 116 Finances of the United States . 117 Commerce, — Exports 118 Imports 120 Imports and Exports 121 Imports Free of Duty 121 Imports paying Specific Duties 122 Imports with Duties ad Valorem 123 Cotton Manufactures 124 30. Canals and Railroads . 125 Internal Improvement 125 Travelling on the Ohio and Mis- sissippi ..... 127 Colleges in the United States . 123 Vacations in Colleges 130 Number of Graduates 132 Theological Seminaries 133 Medical Schools 133 Law Schools .... 134 Times of Elections, Stc. 134 Governors of States, &c. 135 Governora' Term and Salary, &;c. 136 . Population of the United States 137 , Slaves in the United States . 137 . General Summary of the Religious Denominations . . . 133 Congregatiorialists . . 133 Presbyterian Church . . . 140 Reformed Dutch Church . 143 Associate Presbyterian Church 143 Associate Reformed Church . 144 Cumberland Presbyterians . 144 German Reformed Church . 145 Baptists 145 Methodist Episcopal Church . 146 Methodist Protestants . . 148 Protestant Episcopal Church 149 Roman Catholic Church . . 149 Evangelical Lutheran Church 150 Churcii of the United Brethren . 150 Unitarians; — Universalists . 151 New Jerusalem Church . . 151 Friends ; Shakers ; Jews . 152 Summary Religious Denominations 153 Benevolent Institutions . . 154 American Biljie Society . . 154 American Board of Com. For. Mis. 157 American Home Mis. Society . 161 Baptist Con. for Foreign Missions 162 Am. Baptist Home Mis. Society 164 Mis. Society of Meth. Epis. Ch. 164 Mission. Soc. Prot. Epis. Church 165 American Education Society . 165 American Sunday School L^nion 168 American Tract Society . 170 American Unitarian Association 171 American Temperance Society 172 Prison Discipline Society . 175 Meteorological Information. 1. Remarks on the Winter of 1834-5 173 2. Table showing the Coldness of the Weatlier . . . .180 3. Meteorolog. Observations at East- 181 port, 4. Providence, 5. Key West 182 C. Winds at Key West . . 183 7. Meteorological Journal at Marietta 183 8. Meteorological 'I'able, Burlington 184 9. Temperature at Nashville . 184 10. Temperature at several Places . 184 11. Flowering of Fruit-Trees . 185 12. Table of Latest Seasons . . 185 VI CONTENTS. Preliminary Observations Maine New Hampsliire . Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island . Connecticut New York 8. New Jersey 9. Pennsylvania . 10. Delaware . . . 11. Maryland J2. Virjjinia 13. North Carolina 14. South Carolina . Individdal States. Page. . 186 191 . 192 194 . 195 200 . 901 202 . 211 215 . 221 222 . S24 227 . 230 Page. 15. Georgia . 234 16. Alabama . 237 17. Mississippi 238 18. Louisiana . 240 19. Tennessee 242 20. Kontucky . 244 21. Ohio 247 22. Indiana . 252 93. Illinois 254 24. Missouri . 25.5 25. District of Columbia 256 26. Florida Territory . 257 27. Michigan Territory 258 28. Arkansas Te rritory . 260 American States — N. & S. America 261 British Provinces, N. America . . 261 Population of Upper Canada British West Indies . Europe. Reigning Sovereigns of Europe 263 European States— Pop. & Religion 264 1. Sweden and Norway, 2. Russia 265 3. Denmark .... 266 4. Holland or Netherlands . . 266 5. Belgium. 6. Great Britain . 267 7. France 273 8. Prussia. 9. Saxony . . 282 10. Wurtemberg. 11. Bavaria 283 12. Austria. 13. Spain . . 284 14. Portugal .... 15. Sardinia. 16. Two Sicilies 17. Turkey .... Foreign Ohituary American Obituary Chronicle of Events Appendix .... Congress .... Twenty-Fourth Congress Additions and Corrections 262 262 285 286 286 287 297 313 ai9 jri9 320 323 INDEX. Page. Agriculture and Rural Economy . 88 Alabama — Government; Judiciary ; Banks ; Newspapers ; Religious De- nominations .... 237, 238 American Bible Society . . . 154 American Board Com. For. Missions 157 Amerian Home Missionary Society 161 American States .... 261 American Sunday School Union . 168 American Tract Society . . 170 American Temperance Society . 172 Arkansas Territory — Judiciary; Re- ligious Denominations . . 260 Army List 101 Associate Presbyterian Church, U. S. 143 Associate Reformed Church, U. S. 144 Austria 284 Banks, Deposit or Selected . . 116 Banks, (State,) Capital of . . 116 Bank of the United States . . 113 Baptist Foreign Missionary Society 162 Baptist Homo Missionary Society 164 Baptists, U.S. .... 145 Bavaria 283 Beginning and Length of the Seasons 4 Belgium 267 Benevolent Institutions, U. S. . 154 Page. 154 140 - 2lS 271 . 272 290 . 290 291 . 261 262 183 184 Observa, Bible Society, American Bishops, American . Bishops, English . Bishops, Irish Bissett, Bishop Blackwood, VVm. Boieldieu, A. F. British American Piovinces British West Indies Brown University, Metcorol. Burlington, Temperature, &.C Calendar . . . . . .10 Calendar, Jewish .... 5 Calendar, Mahometan ... 6 Canada, Upper, Population of . 262 Canals and Kailroads, U. S. . 125 Carey, Dr. William ... 287 Celestial Phenomena .... 3 Chalmers, Alexander . . . 292 Cluiinpagny, Duke of Cadore . . 237 Chronicle of Events . . . 313 Chronological Cvcles ... 4 Clergy, Support 'of, U. S. . . 186 Cobbett, William . . . .294 Coldness of the Weather, Jan. 4, 1835 180 Coleridge, S. T 287 Colleges in the United States . . 128 INDEX. Vll Page. Columbia, District of . . . 256 Commerce, U. S. . . , .118 Congregationalists, U. S. . . 138 Congress, •24th, V.S. . . .320 Connecticut — Government ; Judicia- ry ; Common Schools ; Religious Denominations . . 201 - 202 Consuls of U. S. in Foreign Countries 97 Consuls of Foreign Powers in U. S. 98 Cook, Mrs 293 Cotton Manufactures, U. S. . 124 Courts, United States . . . 104 Crime in France, Statistics of . 72 Cumberland Presbyterians, U. S. . 144 Currency in Specie and Paper . 114 Debt, Public, U. S 112 Delaware — Government ; Judiciary; Banks and Newspapers ; Religious Denominations .... 221 Denmark 266 Derby, Earl of . . . . 291 District of Columbia — Judiciary ; Re- ligious Denominations . 256-257 Dupuytren, M. .... 293 Dutch Reformed Church, U. S. . 143 Eastport, Meteorological Observations 181 Eclipses of the Sun and Jloon . 34 Eclipse of the Sun, May J5th . . 36 Eclipses of the Satellites of Jupiter 47 Eclipses, Elements of ... 68 Education Society, American . . 165 Elections, Times of holding . 134 England 257 Ephemeris of tlie Sun ... 54 Europe, Sovereigns of . . . 263 European States .... 264 Executive Government, U.S.. . 95 Exports of U. States, 1834 . . 118 Exports from each State . . . 121 festivals of the Church, 1836 . 5 Finances of the United States . 117 Fixed Stars, Places of . . . 60 Florida Territory — Government ; Ju- diciary ; Banks ; Religious Denomi- nations .... 257-258 Flowering of Fruit-Trees . . 1S5 Foreign Missions, American Board 157 Foreign Obituary .... 287 France — Statistical Table ; King and Royal Family ; Government ; Coun- cil of Ministers; Chamber of Peers ; Chamber of Deputies ; Ecclesiastical Affairs .... 273-231 France, Statistics of Crime in . 72 France, Pauperism in ... 67 Francis, Ernpcror . . . 293 Friends, U. S 152 Fruit-Trees, Flowering of . . 185 Georgia — Government ; Judiciary ; Finances ; Banks ; Religious De- nominations .... 234-236 German Reformed Church, U. S. . 145 Gloucester, Duke of . . . 291 Gold from the U. States Gold Mines lU Governors of States, &c. . . 135 Governors' Terms and Salaries . 136 Graduates, Number of . . . 132 Gray, Bishop 290 Great Bricain — King and Royal Fam- ily ; Ministry ; Ireland ; Parliament ; Judiciary ; Archbish's & Bish's 267-273 Harding, Professor . . . 290 Hemans, Mrs. . Holland or Netherlands Home Missionary Society Horner, Dr. . Humboldt, Baron Von Hunt, Henry . Illinois — Government ; Page. , 293 266 . 161 - 164 291 . 293 . . 293 Judiciary ; Newspapers ; Religious Denomina- tions 254-255 Imports, U. S. . . . 120, 121 Imports free of Duty . . . 121 Imports paying Specific Duties . 122 Imports subject to Duties ad Valorem 123 Indiana — Government; Judiciary; State Bank ; Newspapers ; Religious Denominations . . . 252-254 Intercourse with Foreign Nations . 97 Internal Improvement, U. S. . 125 Irving, Rev. Edward . . .291 Jewish Calendar .... 5 Jews, U. S 152 Judiciary, U. S 104 Kentucky — Government ; J udiciary ; Banks; Internal Improvement ; Re- ligious Denominations . 244-247 Key West, Temperature, &c. . . 182 Lamb, Charles .... 292 Latitude and Longitude of Places 50 Law Schools 134 Leach, Sir John .... 290 Legislatures, Times of Meeting . 134 Libration of the Moon's Disc . 49 Louisiana — Government ; Judiciary ; Internal Improvement; Grants to Colleges ; Trade of New Orleans ; Religious Denominations . 240, 241 Lutheran Church, U. S. . . . 150 Maine — Government ; Judiciary ; Religious Denominations . 191, 192 Malthus, Rev. T. R. ... 292 IManufacturcs, Cotton, U. S. . . 124 Marietta, Temperature, &c. . 183 Martos, Ivan Petrovitch , . . 287 Slary land — Government ; Judiciary ; Religious Denominations . 222-224 Massachusetts, — Government ; Judi- ciary ; Lowell Cotton Manufactures ; Boston Bridges ; Statistical Notices ; Railroads ; Common Schools ; Re- ligious Denominations . 195 - 199 Matliews, Charles .... 295 Medical Schools .... 133 Meteorological Information . . 178 Methodist Episcopal Church, U. S. . 146 Methodist Protestants, U. S. . 148 Methodist Missionary Society . . 164 Michigan Territory — Government ; Judiciary ; Outlines of the Consti- tution ; Religious Denominations 258-2C0 Ministers of U. S. in For. Countries 97 Ministers of For. Powers in U. S. . 98 Mint, Unied States . . 110 Missionary Societies . . . 157 Mississippi — Government ; Judiciary ; Newspapers ; Religious Denomina- tions 238,239 Missouri — Government; Judiciary; Newspapers; Religious Denomina- tions . . . . 255-256 Morrison, Dr. Robert . . .290 Navy List 102 INDEX. age. 293 266 -194 214 151 210 Nelson, Earl .... Netherlands New Hampsliire — Government; Ju- diciary ; Religious Denominations ; 192 New Jersey — Government; Judi- ciary ; Canals ; Railroads ; Banks ; Religious Denominations 211- New Jerusalem Church, U. S. New York — Government; Judiciary ; Valuation of real and personal Estate ; Cotton Manufactures ; Canals ; Incorporated Railroads ; Attorneys, Physicians, &c. ; Reli- gious Denominations ; Common {Schools . . . . 202- North Carolina — Government ; Judi- ciary ; Amendments of the Consti- tution ; Religious Denominations ; Seminaries . . . 227-229 Ohituary, American . . . 297 Obituary, Foreign . . . 287 Occultalions 46 Ohio — Government; Judiciary; 395 Banks ; Canals ; Deaf and Dumb Asylum ; Common Schools ; Newspapers ; Religious Denomi- nations .... 247-251 Ohio and Mississippi, travelling on 127 Pauperism in France ... 87 Pennsylvania — Government ; Judicia- ry ; Value of real and personal Estate ; Receipts and Expenditures ; Coal-trade ; Act relating to Com- mon Schools ; Religious Denomina- tions 215-220 Places of Fixed Stars ... 60 Pinckard, Dr. George ... 293 Population of the United States . 137 Portugal 235 Postage, rates of ... . 108 Postages for the several States . 109 Presbyterian Church, U. S. . . 140 Prison Discipline Society . . 175 Protestant Episcopal Church, U.S. . 149 Pfot. Epis. Churcli Mis. Society . 165 Prussia 282 Public Debt, U. S 112 Pughe, Dr. Owen . . . .294 Railroads, U. S 125 Rates of Postage . . . .108 Reformed Dutch Church, U. S. . 143 Refractions, Dr. Young's . . 66 Religious Denominations, U. S. 133-153 Rhode Island — Government ; Judicia- ry ; Religious Denominations . 200 Rings of Saturn, position of . . 48 Roman Catholic Church, U.S. . 149 Russia 265 Sardinia 286 Saturn, rings of , ... 48 Page. Saxony 232 Scott, Rev. John . . . 291 Seasons, beginning and length of . 4 Seasons, latest since 1818 . . 185 Seats of Government . . . 134 Senate, United Slates . . . 320 Shakers, United States . . . 152 Sicilies, Two 286 Sidereal time, increase of . . S3 Signs of the Planets ... 3 Signs of the Zodiac ... 4 Slaves in the United Stales . . 137 Smith, William .... 294 South Carolina — Government; Judi- ciary; Benevolent Institutions; Re- ligious Denominations ; Corrections 230-233 Sovereigns of Europe . . . 263 Spain 284 Specie and paper currency . . 114 Spencer, Earl .... 291 Slates, American .... 261 States, European . . . 264 States, individual .... 186 Sun, Eclipses of . . . . ,34 Sun, Ephemeris of . . . .54 Sun's Parallax in Altitude . . 67 Sunday School Union . . . 168 Sweden and Norway . . . 265 Telford, Thomas .... 290 Temperance Society, American . 172 Temperature . . . 178-184 Tennessee — Government ; Judiciary ; Amended Constitution ; Religious Denominations . . . 242-244 Theological Seminaries . . . 133 Tides, height oi' .... 6 Tide Table 8 Tract Society, American . . 170 Travelling on the Ohio, &c. . . 127 Troughton, Edward ... 295 Turkey 286 Unitarians, United States . . 151 Unitarian Association, American . 171 United Brethren, United States . 150 United States 95 Universalists, United States . 151 Vacations in Colleges . . . 130 Vermont — Government ; Judiciary ; Religious Denominations . 194, 195 Vessels of war .... 103 Virginia — Government ; Judiciary ; Religious Denominations ; Regula- tions relating to Religion ; Correc- tion 224-227 Weather extreraelv cold . . , 180 Wesley, Charles ". . . . 287 West Indies, British . . .262 Winter of 1834 -'5 . . . 178 Wurlemberg . . . .283 Yates, Richard, D. D. . . • 290 CCf- As the names in the American obituary are placed in alphabetical or- der, for the sake of convenient reference, they are not inserted in the Index. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE ASTRONOMICAL DEPARTMENT. All the calculations in this Almanac have been adapted to Mean solar time. On account of the eccentricity of the earth's orbit, and the incli- nation of the Ecliptic to the Equator, the motion of the Earth in Right Ascension isnot uniform, and, consequently, the solar days are not equal, but about half are a little more, and about as many a little less than 24 hours. A clock, therefore, regulated to apparent solar time must be frequently adjusted. To avoid this inconvenience the fiction of mean time has been invented, and, having already come into very general use, will probably soon supersede the other. Its name is derived from the cir- cumstance, that the length of a mean solar day, hour, &c., is the mam or average length of all the apparent solar days, hours, &c., in a tropical year. The greatest difference between Mean and Apparent time occurs on the 2nd of November, viz. IGm. 17 sec. ; and, the equation then being subtractive from Apparent time, the instant the Sun's centre is on the meridian, or bears exactly south, a clock regulated to Mean time should indicate lib. 43m. 43 sec; on the 11th February is the greatest additive equation, when the time of noon by the clock is 14m. 33 sec. after 12. But Mean time is easily reduced to Apparent by applying the equa- tion (pages 54 to 59) on the day in question, in a manner directly the reverse of that therein indicated. The arrangement of the Calendar pages remains as in the Almanac for 1835, without alteration. The time of twilight is computed on the supposition that it begins and ends when the distance of the Sun from the zenith is 1US° ; the quantity usually assumed, but which is probably too great by two or three degrees. The time of the Phases of the Moon is computed for the meridian of Washington, but may be easily reduced to that for any other meridian by adding or subtracting the difference of Longitude, according as the same is east or west of that city. In the computation of the rising and setting of the Sun, for this Almanac, two corrections have been recently introduced. These correc- tions are, 1st, for the effect of refraction in causing him to appear above the sensible horizon, sooner in the morning and later in the afternoon than he actually is ; and, 2ndly, for the interval between the rising or setting of his centre, and of his highest point ; the instant of the ap- pearance or disappearance of this point, and not (as heretofore) of his centre, being considered the time of his rising or setting. So that at the time indicated in the Calendar pages, as that of sunrise or sunset, his centre is 90° 50' from the zenith ; the semidiameter being about 16' and tlie horizontal refraction 34'. The amount of these corrections varies at ever}' place with the decli- nation of the Sun, and on the same day is different in different latitudes. At Boston, when greatest, they lengthen the interval between sunrise and sunset about 12 minutes ; at New Orleans, nearly 9. The setting of the Moon only, is given from the new to the full ; and the rising only, from the full to the new moon. The letters M. A. m. a. found in these columns, and in other parts of the Almanac, are used to denote Morning and Jlftclnoon. The time of the beginning and end of twilight, and of the rising and setting of the Sun and Moon being given in the Calendar pages, for five of our principal cities, situate in very diffe- rent latitudes, the Almanac is in fact computed for nearly every place within the United States. X PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. The planets are placed in the order of their mean distances from the Sun and their declinations are computed for the moment of their passage over the meridian of Washington. The time of High Water is corrected for the difference of the Right Ascension of the Sun and Moon, for the Moon's declination and her distance from the Earth. The time of the tide immediately preceding her southing only having been given, it should be corrected by the ad- dition of half the difference when the time of the other tide is required. It may be proper to remark that notwithstanding the three corrections above mentioned, the computed time of high water, frequently, in calm weather, differs considerably, perhaps half an hour, from the computed. Indeed, until recently, astronomers seem to have been contented with the knowledge, that the flow and ebb of the sea were caused by the at- traction of the Sun and Moon, and to have taken little pains to increase their acquaintance with tliese curious and interesting phenomena. But, as within a short time much attention has been turned to the subject, and many competent persons in Europe have undertaken to make care- ful observations for a series of years, on every tide, we are induced to hope that the causes of some of the anomalies, not only in the time of high vpater, but also in the rise of the tide, may be discovered, and their effects predicted. It is a source of deep regret that these European savans will not probably find any co-laborers in this country. Possessed as we are of an immense coast, and the second commercial nation on earth, it would seem that an accurate knowledge of the causes of the tides would be unto us of the highest importance ; but there is too much reason to fear we shall do no more to advance this great work than we have done for Astronomy in general, viz. to declare ourselves the most enlightened people ever in existence, to fold our arms, and continue to l)e indebted to the noble nation from which we are descended for their Nautical Almanac, without which hardly an American ship would go to sea. On the 15th of May there will be an eclipse of the Sun visible through- out North America and Europe. It is the fourth of that very remark- able series of five large eclipses visible to us in the short series of seven years. Although not central in any part of the United States, as were those of Feb. Id31, and Nov. 1834, and as will be that of Sept. 1838, it will be, on some accounts, more valuable to the American astronomer than either of them, being the only one of the five, visible or central in any of the observatories of Europe. (See Fath of the Centre, page 35.) The phases of this Eclipse for 15 places in the United States, and for Edinburgh and Halifax, as deduced from rigorous computation, may be found on pages 39 to 44, also, on the 44th, the time at 25 other places estimated from the preceding, but which, it is supposed, will not be found erroneous by more than a minute. In these calculations the semidiameters of the Sun and Moon were reduced 5", the quantity indi- cated by all tlie observations on the eclipses of Feb. 1831 and Nov. 1834. The parallaxes of the Sun and Moon were computed by the old meth- od of the Nonagesimal and their apparent distances therefrom ; this method is recommended not only by its accuracy but by its great sim- plicity, which renders mistakes barely possible. The new method of determining the beginning and end of an eclipse of the Sun, by comput- ing the paralla.xes in Declination and Right Ascension, is not only much longer, but is so full of cases that errors are not easily avoided. As has already been remarked, this eclipse will be less interesting to the American public than those of Feb. 1831, and Nov. 1834. Indeed, the light of the sun will be so little diminished by the approaching eclipse, that it is not probable that the planet Venus, although at the time, at her greatest eastern elongation, will be easily seen without assistance. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS- XI But the astronomer, and those desirous of determining with accuracy the Longitude of tlie cities, &c. in the United States, will carefully observe this eclipse, the first for many years equally large on each side of the North Atlantic. Unless, however, the local time, or, in other words, the error of the clock or chronometer, is determined with great precision, all observations on the beginning or end of an eclipse, occul- tation, or other instantaneous event, are worse than useless, as their ten- dency is evidently to mislead. For want of proper attention to this subject, observations made at several places in this country on the abovementioned eclipses, must be rejected. Those in possession of an excellent se.xtant, artificial horizon of quicksilver, and chronome- ter, can always, in fair weather, ascertain the time within half a sec- ond, by taking several altitudes with the telescope, of a star near the prime vertical in the east, and of another near the west, or (while he is north of the equator) of the Sun in the morning and again in the after- noon. By this method, any error in centering the instrument, or any other error whatever, is at once detected, and its results, operating in different directions, destroy each other. A list of those conjunctions of the Moon with the planets and stars of not less than the si.\th magnitude, which may prove to be occultations in some part of our country, may be found on the 4Cth page. The moment of tiie Immersion or Emersion of any star, however small, behind, or from, the dark side of the Moon, can be determined with precision; but, if the star is small, great difficulty is experienced in satisfactorily ascertaining it, when the phenomenon takes place on the side that is enlightened. Those conjunctions of the Moon with stars, which may be occultations in some part of the United States, are noted in the Calendar pages by an asterisk, instead of the usual sym- bol of conjunction. The catalogue of the eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter (pages 47 and 48), contains only those visible in some part of the United States. The eclipses before the planet comes into conjunction with the Sun on the llHh of July, will happen on the east side, and then, until the opposition on the 1st of February, 1837, on the west side. From con- junction to opposition, the immersions of the first and second satellites are generally, only, visible, and from the opposition to conjunction the emersions, only ; but both the phenomena of the third and fourth satel- lites can sometimes be seen. In the table of Latitude and Longitude of some of the principal places in the United States (page 50, &c.) will be found the latitude of a large number, as determined by the editor, by recent observations made by himself; also the longitude of a few, deduced by him from observations made by others on the annular eclipse of February, 1631, or as ascer- tained by comparison of the place in question, by chronometers, with the capitol at Washington, the University of Virginia, Philadelphia, or Boston, the distance of which from the meridian of Greenwich is sup- posed to be correctly known. The longitude of the Capitol is the mean of the results, deduced from the observations on the annular eclipses of 1791, 1811, and 1831, and has rec-ently been confirmed by the editor, by comparing it by chronometers with the University of Virginia and the city of Pliiladelphia. The unfortunate adoption, in the construction of several maps of this country, of the longitude of the Capitol (5h. 7' 42"), reported by an individual acting under authority of a Resolve of Con- gress, has caused an error of 6J minutes of a degree therein. It will be noticed that the positions of Charleston, Beaufort, S. C, and Savannah, differ very considerably from those hitherto assigned to those places. They were determined by the editor with great care in the autumn of 1834, at the time of a journey to the south, made for the Xll PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. purpose of observing at Beaufort the total and central eclipse of the 30th of November last. The difference between the Longitude of St. Michael's church in Charleston, and of the State House in Boston, was determined by eigid chronometers. From tiie longitude of the church, that of the Exchange in Savannah, and of the Arsenal in Beau- fort, were deduced by using four. So that it may be hoped that the Longitudes of these places, as laid down in this table, are much nearer the truth than those usually assigned in the maps and charts of our coast. During the editor's residence in Charleston, last winter, the original observations made tliere on the eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, were placed in his hands. In revising them a curious mistake was discovered, which considerably affected the longitude deduced therefrom, viz. in ascer- taining the error of the time-keeper, from several altitudes of the Sun, measured in the morning of that day, with a sextant and artificial hori- zon, the whole index error loas applied to half the altitude. Making al- lowance for this error, the longitude of St. Michael's Church by this eclipse, combined with the observations on it made in the vicinity of Boston, &c.,is5h. 19' 54", and by the eight chronometers, 5h. 19' 50"; which is adopted. The longitude usually laid down in the charts is 5h. 19' 12". Undoubtedly the most important light-house in New England is the Highland or Cape Cod Light, from which the vessels from Boston, Sa- lem, &c., generally take their departure. The latitude of this building has usually been considered 42° 5'. In this table it is staled 42° 2' IG", which was deduced from a very few observations made in 1832. Since this table went to press, the editor, accompanied by a friend, has again visited Truro. From a large number of altitudes of northern and southern stars, the latitude of Cape Cod Light appears to be 42^ 2' 19" nearly, and its longitude, by eight chronometers. Bra. 59 sec. east of the State House in Boston, or 4h. 40' 17.^" west of Greenwich. The Ephemeris of the Sun (pages 54 to 59), is partly taken from the celebrated Almanac of Professor Encke and partly from the English Nautical Almanac. It contains the Sun's Semidiameter, Horizontal Parallax, and Declination, the Time (mean, which by the addition of 0.19 sec. will be converted into sidereal,) occupied by the Semidiameter in culminating or passing the meridian, the Equation or reduction of apparent to mean time, to be applied to apparent time in the manner indicated, the Sidereal Time, and the Obliquity of tlie Ecliptic. The epoch of all is Oh. Om., mean time, of the meridian of Greenwich. The apparent places of 28 principal stars, as determined by Professor Bessel at Konigsberg, (pages 60 to 05) will be very useful in determin- ing the time, latitude, &c. The Declination of some of them will be found to diifor from that given in the English Nautical Almanac, as much as six seconds; which is certainly a greater quantity than was to be expected in the present im- proved state of astronomical instruments, and cannot be altogether aa- oribed to the use of different tables of refraction. A communication of any observations made on the total eclipse of Nov. 1834, or the transit of Mercury of tlie 7th of Nov. 1835, or on the eclipse of May 15th, 183G, will be thankfully received. The next total eclipse of the Sun, in the United States, occurs on the 7th of August, 18C9. Boston, October 1, 1835, THE AMERICAN ALMANAC FOR 1836. PART I. THE AMERICAN ALMANAC FOR THE BISSEXTILE TEAR 1836, Being the latter part of the GOth, and the beginning' of the Gist, year of the Independence of the United States of America; " the 6549th year of the JuHan Period ; " the latter part of the 5596th, and the beginning of the 5597th, year since the creation of the world, according to the Jews ; " the 2589th year since the foundation of Rome, according to Varro ; " the 2583d year since the era of Nabonassar, which has been assigned to Wednesday, February 26th of the year 3967 of the Julian Period, which corresponds to the 747th before the birtii of Christ, according to the chronologists, and to the 74Gth according to the astronomers ; " the 2612th of the Olympiads, or the fourth year of the 653d Olympiad will commence in July, 183G, if we fix the era of the Olympiads 775^ years before that of Christ, or at or about the first of July of the year 3938 of the Julian Period ; " the latter part of the 1251st, and the beginning of the 1252d (lunar) year since the Hegira, or flight of Mahomet, which has been assigned to July 16th, of tlie year 622, after the birth of Christ. I. THE CALENDAR AND CELESTIAL PHENOMENA FOR THE YEAR. SIGNS OF THE PLANETS, &c. O The Sun. ® The Earth. • D O d The Moon. 5 Mercury. $ Venas. ^ Mars. g; Vesta. 2 Juno. $ Pallas. $ Ceres. 1|. Jupiter. 1-j Saturn. i^ Herschel or Uranus. c5 Conjunction, or having the same Longitude or Right Ascension. □ Quadrature or differing 90- in " " " Opposition " 18(1° in " " « ^ The ascending, y the descending node. 4 CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES, SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC, &C. [1836. An asterisk (*) prefixed to the conjunction of the Moon with a star or planet, indicates that the star or planet viay be eclipsed in some part of the inhabited portion of the United States. The sign -\- is prefixed to the latitude, or declination, of the Sun, or other heavenly body, when north, and the sign — when south ; but the former prefixed to the hourly motion of the Moon in Latitude, indicates that she is approaching, and the latter that she is receding from, the north pole of tlie ecliptic. The letters M. A., m. a., denote Morning and Afternoon. CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES. Dominical Letter, Jan. & Feb. C '' remainder of the year P> Epact 12 Lunar Cycle, or Golden Number 13 Solar Cycle Roman Indiction Julian Period 25 9 6549 SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC. Spring signs. Summer siffns. J- ,Q cp Aries. y Taurus. Gemini. Cancer. Leo. n^ Virgo. Autumn signs. Winter signs. 7. £!: Libra. 8. fTl_ Scorpio. !). / Sagittarius. 10. Yf Capricornus. 11. -w, Aquarius. 12. }{ Pisces. BEGINNING AND LENGTH OF THE SEASONS. h. m. s. Sun enters W (Winter begins) 1835, Dec. 21st, 19 10 32"! ■ 1836, March 19th, 20 30 43 | M. Time June 20th, 17 33 20 } at Sept. 22d, 7 29 37 I Wash'n. Dec. 21st, 54 17J il a cp (Spring " 183 11 a • • • Lag beomer *Feast of Weeks or Pentecost "Second Feast Dec. 22, 1835. 31, " Jan. 20, 1836. Feb. 19, March 2, 3, 4, 19, April 2, IC (( <( (( It 5597 " 17th Ab begins " 9th Elul begins Tisri begins « 2d Fast on account of the Taking of the Temple *Fast on account of the Burning of the Temple 3, . 8, 9, . 18, May 5, 17, . 22, 23, June 16, July 3, 15, « (C a It . feet. feet. Green Islands . • • IG Partridge Island (Bay of Fundy ^ )55 Gut of Annapolis . 30 Passamaquoddy River 25 Gut of Gansor • • 8 Penobscot River 10 Halifax 8 Plymouth m Hampton Roads • • 5 Portland .... 9 Hillsborough Inlet 5 Port Homer 8 Holmes's Hole • 5 " Hood . . . .. 6 John's, St. (N. B.) 30 " Jackson 8 " St. (N. F.) . 7 " Roseway 8 Kennebec 9 Portsmouth (N. H.) . 10 Kennebunk , 9 Prince Edward's Island 6 Long Island Sound 5 Providence 5 Louisburg (C. B.) • .• 5i Rhode Island Harbour . 5 Machias 12 Richmond .... 4 Marblehead . 11 Salem (Mass.) 11 Mary's, St., Bar 7 Sandwich Bay 8 Monomoy Point . 6 Sandy Hook 5 Moose River (Bay of Fundy) 30 Seven Isles Harbour . 31 " Island (Me.) • • 25 Sheepscut River 9 Mount Desert • 12 Shubenacadie River (B. of Fun .)70 Mouths of the Mississippi n. Simon's, St., Bar 6 Nantucket (Shoal an d Town) 5 " " Sound 8 Nassau (N. P.) . . 7 Townsend Harbour . 9 New Bedford . 5 Truro (Bay of Fundy) . 70 Newburyport • 10 Vineyard Sound 5 New Haven . . 8 Windsor (Bay of Fundy) 60 Newport . 5 Wood's Hole 5 New York . 5 Yarmouth (N. S.) 12 Norfolk • 5 TIDE TABLE. The following Table contains the difference between the time of high water at Boston, and at a large number of places on the American coast, by which the time at any of tlieni may be easily ascertained, by sub- tracting the difi'erence at the place in question from tlie time at Boston, when the sign — is prefixed to it ; and by (ulding it, when the sign is -{-. The time of high water, in the calendar pages, is of that tide which immediately precedes the southing of the Moon. h. m. h. ID' Albany + 4 12 Bay, Casco — 45 Andrews, St. . i; Chebucto — 4 Annapolis (N. S.) — 30 6 rises. h. m. 7 25 ' 25 7 25 25 25 25 26 25 25 sets. 1. m I 43 44 1 45 45 46 47 48 49 50 25 24 24 24 23 23 22 [ 51 52 53 54 55 56 58 21 21 20 19 19 18 17 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 7 17 16 15 14 14 13 12 5 12 7 11 • 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 5 16 rises. m. 19 19 sets. h. m. 49 50 5 ses. I sets. h. m.'h. m. 19 18 18 18 17 17 17 16 16 15 14 14 13 12 12 11 10 10 9 8 8 I 51 51 52 53 54 55 66 i 57 58 59 < 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 7 7 15 20 6 59 59 68 58 57 6 57 I 5 6 ' 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 rises, h. m. 6 57 ^! 6 57 58 58 53 58 58 58 1. m 11 12 i 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 5 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 20 21 22 23 5 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 5 31 18 18 19 20 21 23 23 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 5 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 6 52 5 36 58 58 68 58 58 57 57 6 57 57 57 56 , 56 56 55 6 55 65 64 54 53 53 52 High water. M. time h. m. 10 12a 10 54 PQ 11 32a. 8m 41 1 17 1 58 2 40 3 22111 4 7 4 54 5 45 6 56 8 16 9 28 10 32in 11 26 16a 1 4 1 47 2 30 3 11 3 49a. 4 26 6 5 6 1 7 13 8 32 9 39 10 3ia, h. m. 7 5ia 8 33 5 h. m. 6 12a 6 54 9 lia. 7 32a 9 47 8 8 10 20 8 41 10 56 9 17 11 37 9 58 . . . 10 40 19m 11 22 1 im 1 46 2 33 24 34 55 7 8 iim 9 5 9 55 10 43 11 26 9a 50 7m 54 1 46 2 55 4 16 5 28 1 28a 2 5 2 44 3 40 4 52 6 11 7 IS 8 10£ 6 32m 7 26 8 16 9 4 9 47 10 30 11 11 11 49m 26a. 1 6 2 1 3 13 4 32 5 39 6 3ia. 1836] January has Thirty-one Days. ? a n Souths. Uec. h. m. O 1 11 52m — 24 60 1 3-a. — 21 13 11 5om 24 4 5 28 -- 6 25 11 54a. -- 31 22 --2 9 1 7 — 26 12 Passage of the^ Meridian (mean tinieran djJeclumionjflh^TT^^ 19th day. 11 1st day 7th day. Sout/is. h. ra. lla. 1 45 11 46 ai 5 9 11 25a 7 53 11 37 7 6m 2 57a Kec. — 24 16 — 19 22 — 23 il 6 20 1 6 -- 2 12 25 61 13th day. Soul/is h. m. j 30a. — 22 48 1 61 — 17 16 11 42m — 23 21 4 50 -\- 6 21 10 57a.-- 1 60 11 52m-- 2 18 40a.,— 2a 28 -j-23 12 6 44m — 10 43 2 34a. — 12 42 25th day. PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA- TIONS. Sundays and other Remarkable Days. [6'O0. <90U. Eanh nearest the Sun. 3cf. d D U- 2d Sunday after Christmas. Severe cold in U. S. Mercury [solid at Lebanon, N. Y. 1835. Epipltany. Sup. (jQ?. Bailie at New Orleans, 1815. 1st Sunday after Epiphany. dDh- Charleston burnt, 1778. I7lh. d ]) Tauri. d D U- 31st. 6])y.U. Septuagesima Sunday, 12 February, Second Month, begins on Monday. [1836. Twilight begins and ends. Mean time. 1st day. 7th day. | 13th day. 19th day. || 25lh day. Begins. 1 h. m. Ends, h. m. Begins h. ni. .1 Ends. Begins |h. m. 1 h. ID. End h. m. Begins, h. m. Ends. h. m. Begins. Ends. 1. m. h.m. Boston, 5 38m. 6 50 a. 5 32m. 6 66 a.!|5 26m 7 3 a. 5 18m. 7 10 a. 5 9m. 7 17 a. N.York, '5 37 6 51 5 31 6 57 5 25 7 4 5 18 7 10 5 10 7 16 Wash. 5 36 6 62 5 31 6 58 a 25 7 4 6 18 7 10 5 10 7 16 Charles. 5 31 6 57 6 27 7 1 n 23 7 6 8 17 7 11 5 10 ? 16 N. Orl's.'s 29 6 59 5 25 7 3 .= 21 7 8 5 16 7 12 5 11 7 15 Perigee and ^pagee vf the Muoii. Perigee, 13th, 8h. M. Apogee, 2oth, 4h. M. Phases of the Muoii. Full Moon, 2il day, Ih. 41.4in. A. New Moon, 16th day, 3h. 9.5ra. A. Last Quarter, 9th " 8 43.9 A. First Qiiarter, 24t!i, " 6 37.8 M. 5 a so Q Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T. High water. M. time. > c c5 a S s CD -2 . c en . C . in ^ 1 n s * . rUes. b. m. set h. I n. rise~ h. ni. sets. 1 li. ni. \ ises. 1. m. sets. h. m. rUes. h. m. • ets. 1. m. rises. h. m. sets. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 1 M. 7 14 5 14 7 10 5 18 ' r 6 5 22 6 56 5 32 6 51 5 37 u 14a. 8 63a. 7 14a. 2 Til. 13 15 9 19 5 23 55 33 50 38 11 83 9 32 7 83 3 W. 11 16 8 20 4 24 54 34 49 39 . . . 10 7 8 28 4 Th. 10 IS 7 21 3 25 54 35 49 40 28m 10 43 9 4 5 F. 9 19 6 22 2 26 53. 36 48 41 1 4 U 20 9 41 6 7 S. Su. 8 20 5 23 1 27 5 28 52 37 47 42 1 41 11 57 10 13 10 66a. 7 7 5 22 7 4 5 25 ' r 6 61 5 38 6 46 6 43 2 18m . . . 8 M. 6 23 3 26 ( 3 59 29 60 39 45 43 2 86 35m 11 34 9 Tu. 5 25 2 27 58 30 49 40 44 44 3 34 1 13 . . . 10 W. 4 26 7 1 29 57 31 48 41 43 45 4 16 1 55 16111 11 Th. 2 27 6 69 30 56 32 47 42 42 46 5 5 2 44 1 5 12 F. 1 28 58 31 55 33 46 43 42 47 6 22 4 1 2 22 13' S. 14 Su. 7 30 57 33 54 35 5 36 45 ti 44 44 5 45 41 47 7 53 9 20ni 5 32 3 53 6 58 5 31 6 55 5 34 6 53 6 40 5 48 6 69m 8 20m 15! M. 57 32 64 35 52 37 43 46 39 49 10 28 S 7 6 23 16|Tn. 65 33 52 36 50 38 42 46 38 49 11 23 9 2 7 23 17W. 64 34 61 37 49 39 41 47 37 50 sa. 9 47 8 8 ISTh. 52 35 50 38 48 40 40 48 36 61 49 10 28 S 49 19F. 1 81 37 49 39 47 41 39 49 36 62 1 28 11 7 9 28 20iS. 21 Su. 1 50 6 46 38 46 40 46 6 44 42 38 50 35 52 5 53 2 3 11 42 10 3 5 40 6 46 5 42 5 43 6 37 5 50 6 34 2 33a. 12a. 10 33m 22 M. 1 ^'^ 41 45 43 43 44 36 51 33 54 3 3 42 11 3 23 Tu \ 45 42 44 44 42 46 35 52 32 55 3 36 1 15 11 36 21 W. 1 44 44 42 45 41 4fi 34 52 31 65 4 17 1 56 na. 22 ,Th 1 42 1 46 41 46 40 47 33 53 30 56 6 6 2 44 1 5 2e iF. 41 46 40 j 47 38 48 32 64 30 56 6 14 3 53 2 14 2" 2J •:S. iSu. 40 6 38 47 39 48 6 49 37 6 36 49 31 65 29 67 7 37 5 16 3 37 5 48 6 37 8 50 6 30 5 88 G 28 6 58 9 2a 6 4ia. 5 2a. 29 M. 37 49 36 50 34 51 29 56 1 27 68 10 6 7 45 6 6 183V,.] February Jicis Twenty-nine Days. Piissage of the Alondiaii (mean time) and Declinaiion of tlie Planets. 13 5 ? $ 1st day. Suutlis. 1). m. 1 2ia. 2 7 11 3om a 3 44 2 9 33 a. 11 2Tn 11 58 u h 9 46a. 5 32m y 1 24a. Dec. O t — 12 18 — 8 51 — 20 56 + 7 9 -f- 4 47 + 30 — 24 3 +23 24 — 10 53 —12 21 7tli day. Souths, h. m. 1 233. 2 11 Dec. — 824 — 5 50 I J3Lh day I Suutlis. h. m. I ^ ^ 1 6a. — 6 1 Dec. I 2 14 11 22m + 7 39 2 56 + 5 47 ; 8 46a. + 3 19 10 iOm — 23 34 1 1 30 +23 -ze ; 3 5oa. — 10 53 I 4 -16m — 12 13 i9a. 11 26m| — 19 52 3 20 9 9a. 10 46m 11 44 9 20a. 5 9m 1 la. — 2 44 — 18 40 + 8 15 + 6-19 + 3.11 — 23 3 +23 28 — 10 5r — 12 6 I'Jth day. , Souths. h. m. 28a. 2 17 Dec. : — 6 15 + 24 11 nm —17 21 3 31 + 8 56 8 24a. + 7 47 10 14m + 4 6 H ]6 I — 22 £0 8 son. +23 S9 4 22m —10 51 na.! — 11 c9 25tli day. Soutlis. Dec. li. m. ^ ^ 11 4lm! — 6 33 2 19a.! + 3 32 U 12m — 15 53 2 4 + 9 43 8 sa. + 8 44 9 5Sm + 4 32 11 3 —21 56 8 6a. +23 30 3 SSm — 10 48 U 54 I — 11 61 PllENDilENA AXD TIONS. OBSERVA Sundays and other Remarkable Days. d ? ]y. ? 15' Norlh. Candlemas. *])42^. ? at greatest E. elong. 18° 13' Sexagesima Sund. ;^ ]) jn IT^. d D f^. Severely cold in South- Jf: D 2 a £i. [em Stales, 1S35. 5 stalionarj'. ^n stationary jj; P (/i / . Shrove Sunday. Shrove Mondaij. d D (?• '.Shrove Tuesday, d D y. Ash. Wed. Lent begins, d ]) ? • Wm. Wirt died 1834, aged 62. d D ?. 6^Q. [1835. ^ D « H- Earliiquake in Chili, \st Sund. in Lent. Inf. (J ?©. Washington born, 17.S2, N. S St Matthias. d DU- 2d Sunday in Lent. 14 3Iarc]i, Third 31 tei m , Juliuses vf the jMuon. 3J day, -111. 'lo.S.ti. M. New J.ioon, 17th day, 0th " 4 le.a M. First Quarter, 25th "' 3h. S.i.Sm. M. 3 l.=5.7 M. c c o ir. a Q Si s tippi V limb rises ami sets, (cur. I'nr ret'racl.) i\l. T. Higli w-it>r. M. lime. • ^1 2 m o ea 5 5 1 5 T. a Ji 6 6^ •ir. 6 =• h. m. ? 5 rises. h. 111. sets. 11. Ml. rises.': h. m.' sets. h. ni. rise: h. in sets. 11. ID. ritiCs. Ii. ni. sets. h. m. rises h. m j sets, h. in. h. m. 1 Tu. 6 S5 5 50 6 35 5 51 G 33 5 52 6 28 5 67 6 26 5 59 10 53a. 8 32a. 6 53a. 2 W. 34 51 34 62 32 53 27 58 25 6 11 32 9 11 7 32 3 Th. 32 52 33 53 30 54 26 58 24 • . . 9 47 8 8 4 F. 31 54 31 54 29 55 25 5 59 23 1 8m 10 22 6 43 5 ~6 S. 5». 29 55 29 55 28 6 26 56 24 6 6 1 22 6 21 2 6 3 43 10 57 11 33a. 9 18 6 28 5 56 6 28 5 56 i 57 6 23 I 18111 9 64a. 7 M. 26 67 26 57 25 58 22 1 20 3 1 54 • . • 10 30 S Tu. 25 ■5 59 25 5 59 24 5 59 21 2 19 4 2 30 9m 11 8 9 W. 23 6 23 6 22 6 20 3 18 6 3 8 4? 11 54 10 Th. 21 I 21 1 20 1 19 4 16 1 5 3 54 1 33 • • • 11 F. 19 2 19 2 18 2 17 4 15 6 4 4S 2 27 48m 12 13 S. Su. 17 3 G 4 17 6 15 3 5 4 17 3 3 4 16 S. 14 7 6 15 3 54 2 15 3 55m 6 15 6 15 6 14 6 6 6 13 6 7 1 7 55111 •6 34111 14 A!. 14 6 14} S 14 5 13 7 12 8 9 19 6 8S 5 19 15 Tu. ]■> 7 ^^ i 6 13 6 11 S 10 8 10 20 7 59 6 20 16 W. 10 8 11 ! 7 11 7 10 9 9 9 11 11 8 50 7 11 17 Th. 9 9 10 ! S 10 8 9 9 6 10 11 51 9 30 7 51 13 P. 7 10 8 i 9 8 9 8 10 7 11 27a. 10 6 8 27 19 S. 5m. 5 11 6 12 6 6 4 ( 10 } 11 6 10 6 11 6 ! 11 1 2 10 41 11 13 m 9 2 20 6 3 6 5 6 11 6 5 6 11 6 6 6 12 1 34a. 9 34m 21 M. 2 14 3! 13 3 12 3 12 3 12 2 8 11 42 10 3 22 T.i. 6 15 1 ■ 14 13 * 13 2 13 2 30 9a. 10 30 23 W. 59 16 6 15 6 1 14 6 1 14 6 I 14 3 1 40 11 1 24 Th. 57 17 59 ; 16 5 59 16 6 69 14 5 59 ! 14 3 39 1 IS 11 39 25 F. 55 19 57 t 17 57 16 1 53 15 58 : 15 4 24 2 3 24a. 26 S. 53 20 55 18 50 17 56 16 57 16 5 58 6 16 5 32 3 11 1 32 27 5 52 6 21 h 54 ( 3 19' 5 51 6 18 5 55 6 16 6 59a. 4 38;i. 2 59tU 2S M. 51 22 53 I 20 63 19 54 17 55 17 8-24 6 3 4 24 29 Til. 49 23 61 21 52 20 53 18 54 18 9 32 7 11 5 52 30 VV. 47 24 49 32 50 21 52 , 18 53 IS 10 21 8 6 21 31 Th 45 25 47 ! 23 48 22 50 1 19 51 19 11 1 8 40 7 1 183(3 J March has Thirtij-onc Days • 15 Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Ueciinalion of the Planets. | 1st day. l; 7t.li day. 13lli day. 19tli day. 25th day. | Souths, Uoc. Sutiths. Dec. Suutlis. Dec. Souths. Dec. Souths. Dec. li. in. o Ii. m. o * h. m. 1 h. m. ( h. m. 1 ? 11 sm - -10 41 10 42m —12 21 10 30 m — 12 41 jlO 26m — 12 10 29m — 10 18 ? 2 2ia. - - 6 9;, 2 24a. -[- 9 10 2 27a +12 3 2 3ia. -}-14 50 2 34a. -\-\l 22 C^ 11 sm - -14 47 11 3m — 13 11 10 57m — 11 3 I 10 5lm — 9 47 10 45m 8 1 S 1 42 - -10 23 1 14 --11 13 45 --12 : I 16 - -12 48 11 43a. - -13 28 7 46a - - 9 28 7 27a. --10 19 7 8a. --11 5 6 5ia. --11 47 6 34 - -12 24 $ 9 4iin - - 4 55 9 23m - - 5 27 9 iim -- 5 38| 8 64m - - 6 33 8 36m - -77 ? 10 51 - -21 28 10 36 20 54 10 22 — 20 19| 10 7 — 19 44 9 53 — 19 10 u 7 46 a. - -23 31 7 23a. -|-23 31 7 oa -(-23 3 1 6 38a. -}-23 31 6 16a. -[-23 30 h 3 38m j- -10 44 3 ism — 10 39 2 49in — 10 33| 2 24m — 10 26 1 59m — 10 18 c o 11 36 '- -11 46 11 13 — 11 39'ilO 51 — 11 3 2|:10 29 ! — 11 25 10 6 — 11 13 _2 2 = .5 Moon rises or sets. Mean time. j PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA- TIONS. 6 a 2 to en C o ii 2 m O o 5 '^ rises. V l^ S5 Sundaijs and other Remarkable Daijs. rises. rises. rises. rises. 1 h. m. 11 23a. h. m. 3 58a. h. m. 4 2a. ii. m. 4 7a. b. m. 4 21a. h. m. 4 27a. St. David. ^D»;i7- 6 >} S . 2 s 5 7 5 10 5 14 5 24 5 28 1). stationary. 3 iim. 6 17 6 19 6 Si 6 27 6 30 5tii. Boston Massacre, 1770. 4 58 7 28 7 29 7 30 7 31 7 33 2Ath Congress began, 1835. 5 1 44 8 41 : 8 40 8 40 8 36 8 36 ^ ]) y' n|). ^ stationary. M Sund. in Lent. :.fc ]) A IIJ. 2 3im. 9 54a. 1 9 52a. 9 50a. 9 42a 9 40a. 7 3 21 11 8 11 5 11 1 10 49 10 46 dDh- 8 9 4 13 5 S j 11 38 11 53 jfCP^Ophiuchi. 24m : 19m 14m 10 6 7 1 38 1 1 31 1 26 1 7m 1 im 11 7 9 2 47 2 39 2 33 2 13 2 7 6$^.- I32G" North. 12 5'. 8 10 3 43 3 40 3 34 4 26m 3 15 4 9m 3 9 Mid Lent Sunday. 9 lom. 4 38m 4 31in 4 3m 14 K1 6 5 16 5 11 5 9 4 52 4 47 C5 D 9. 1^ discovered, 1781. 15 10 57 5 48 5 44 5 42 5 30 5 27 dDf^I- (iJ>$- Pres.Jack- 16 11 45 sets. sets. sets. sets. sets. , a R ^ 1 a iSu I's lower limb rises and sets, (cor. tor refract.) M. T. High water. M. time. ^ ' C X s c 2 ! SI C =3 . -r « c5 c 1 rises. Ii. in. sets. Ii. ni. rises, h. m. sets, h. ni. rises, h. m. .^eis. rises, h. m. h. ni. sets. 1. m. rises. 1. m. sets. ti. m. h. ID. h. m. h. m. 1 F. 5 43 6 26 5 45 6 24 5 46 6 22 5 49 6 20 50 1 6 19 11 4oa. 9 19a. 7 40a. 2S. 3Su 42 5 40 27 6 28 43 25 45 23 46 5 46 21 49 20 . . . 9 55 8 16 5 41 6 26 5 43 6 24 6 21 5 47 6 20 16m 10 32a. 8 53a. 4M. 38 29 39 27 41 24 45 22 46 21 53 11 9 9 30 5Tu. 36 30 37 28 40 35 44 23 45 21 1 30 11 47 10 8 6W. 34 31 35 29 38 26 42 33 44 22 2 8 . . . 10 51 TiTh. 3-2 S2 33 30 36 27 41 24 43 22 2 SI 30m 11 44 8F. 31 33 32 31 35 28 39 25 41 23 3 44 1 23 9 S. 29 34 30 5 28 32 33 5 31 29 6 30 38 5 37 25 6 26 40 23 6 24 4 48 6 14m 2 27 48m 10 Su. 5 27 6 35 6 33 5 39 3 53m 2 14m ii|m. 26 36 27 34 30 31 35 27 38 34 7 46 5 25 3 46 12 Tu. 24 37 25 35 38 32 34 27 37 25 9 9 6 43 5 9 13 W. 23 38 24 36 27 33 33 28 36 25 10 7 7 46 6 7 14Th. 21 39 23 37 26 34 32 29 35 26 '10 54 8 33 6 54 15 F. 19 40 21 38 24 35 31 30 34 27 11 28 9 7 7 28 16S. 17 Su. 18 41 20 39 23 36 30 5 29 30 6 31 33 27 11 59 30a. 9 38 7 59 5 16 (3 42 5 IS 6 40 5 22 6 37 5 32 6 28 10 9m 8 30m 18 M. 14 43 16 41 20 38 23 32 31 29 59 10 38 8 59 19 Tu. 13 44 15 42 19 39 27 32 30 29 1 30 11 9 9 30 20 VV. 11 45 13 43 17 40 25 33 29 30 2 1 11 SO 10 1 21 Th. 10 47 12 45 16 41 24 34 38 30 a 33 13a 10 33 22 F. 8 48 10 46 14 42 23 35 27 31 3 11 50 11 11 23 S. 6 5 5 49 9 47 13 43 22 35 26 31 6 32 3 59 1 38 11 59 24 Su. 6 50 5 8 6 48 5 12 6 44 5 2! 6 36 5 25 4 59a. 2 38a. 59a. 25 M. ! 3 52 6 49 10 45 20 37 24 33 6 15 3 64 2 16 26 Tn. 2 53 6 30 9 46 19 37 33 33 7 39 5 18 3 39 27 W. 6 1 54 4 51 e 47 18 38 22 34 3 48 6 27 4 43 28 Th. i 59 55 2 52 6 48 16 39 30 35 9 42 7 21 5 42 29 F. 1 58 57 1 53 5 49 15 39 19 35 10 23 8 2 6 23 30|S. 1 56 58 54 3 50 14 40 18 36 11 4 3 43 7 4 1836.] April has Thirty Days. 17 Passage of the Meridian (moun lime) and Ueciination of the Planets. 9 ? $ a $ ? U h 1st day. SoiUlis. h. m. 10 37m 3 39a. 10 38m 11 9a. 6 15 8 16m 9 35 5 5la. 1 30m 9 40 Dec. — 7 13 -f-20 5 45 -14 9 ■13 1 -- 7 50 — 18 30 -}-23 29 10 8 11 11 7tli day. Sout/Ls.i Dec. h m. I . , 10 47m — 3 43 2 44a. -(-21 58 10 3lm 3 53 10 4ia. 5 59 7 5Sm 9 20 U 30 --13 29 8 27 —17 57i ]3th (lay. Houths. I Dec. h. m. I 10 59111 -f- 2 49a.-)-23 10 25m — 2 ! 5 30a.!-j-23 27 1 sm; — 9 59 9 18 ^ — 11 5 10 13a. 5 44 7 39m 9 5 5 9a. 4om 8 35 ■14 -t-13 ■ 9 17 -|-23 9 10 19th day. Souths. Dec. h. m. I " ' 11 15m -f- 5 10 2 543. 24 63: 10 ism — 10 9 46a. -j-14 42 5 29 --14 8 7 20m -- 9 43 8 49 — 16 54 4 49a. -{-23 22 151T1 — 9 40' 8 32 — 10 54 aSlh day. Souths h. in. 11 35m 2 59a 10 12m 9 20a. a 14 7 im 8 33 4 29a. 11 45 8 9ml Dec. O I -f-lO 18 - -25 48 -|- 1 43 -\-U 36 -14 21 -f-10 22 — 16 24 -(-23 18 — 9 30 10 50 PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA- TIONS. Sundays and other Remarkable Days. Good Friday. >KD^n5- Ci ? (?• 3.1. d D h- Easter Sunday. ^ D A ITJ). 3(1. Napier dicil, 1617. * D c' m . 5^ D A Opliiuclii. >}i ]) r / • [resigned, 1835 Hritisli Conservative jMiiii.slry lOili. Charter of Bank U. Slates Low Simdaij. [exiiires. d Dy. cSDc?. d D ?. 17lh. Franklin d. 1790. [gins 17th. Mahometan year 1252 be- 2(/ Sunday after Easier. 19lh. Byron d. 1S24. 6 D 9- ■ Battle of Lexington and begin, d h'^^- [of Am. Rev. 1775. [1616 St. George. Sliakspeare died 3d Sunday after Easier. St. Ujrk. Toronto, U. C, taken, 1S13. 30ih. d D h- Sup. d ?0. Washin2;ton inaug. Pres. 17S9. 18 May, Fifth Month, begins on Sunday. [1836. Twilight begins and ends. Mean time. 1st day. 7th day. i 13ih day. 19th day. |i 25ih day. | Boston, Begins. 1 {h. m. h [3 7m. S jnds. ni, 47 a., Begins, h. m. 2 56m. Bnds. Begins h. ni. h. ni. 8 57 a. 2 45m Ends, h. m. .97a. Begins, h. m. 2 3om. Ends, h. m. 9 17 a. Begins. Ii. ra. 2 2.5m. Ends. 1. m. 9 28 a. -\. Vork, Ij 14 s 40 3 4 8 49 I 64 8 58 245 9 8 2 36 9 18 Wasli. 3 22 3 32 3 13 9 40 } 4 3 48 2 55 8 57 2 47 9 7 Chailes. 3 43 g 11 3 36 8 17 i 28 8 24 3 22 8 30 3 17 3 37 N. Orl's. |3 51 3 3 3 45 3 8 '! ^ S3 3 14 \\i 33 8 20 3 28 8 26 Perigee and Apogee of the jMuon, Teug-.'a, 2,1 day, 71i. A. Perigee, 31st day, Ih. M. Plinsrs ( Full Moon, l#t day, 2li. 46 2: c o Si c o ♦J "i . ^^ 1 O 1 a c o en a 2: rises. \ sets, h. m. h. ra. rises. \ U. m. sets. h. ra. rtscs. h. m. sets, \rises. 1. m. h. m. sets. h. ra. rises. h. m. sets, h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. 1 Ntt. 4 54 6 59 4 59 6 55 5 2 6 52 5 13 S 41 5 17 6 37 11 44a. 9 23a. 7 44a. 2 M. 53 7 58 56 1 53 12 ] 42 16 38 . . . 10 5 8 26 3 Tu. 52 I 57 57 5 54 11 43 15 39 26ni 10 49 9 10 4 W. 50 2 56 58 4 59 55 10 44 15 40 1 10 U 35 9 56 5 Th. 49 3 55 59 58 55 10 45 14 40 1 56 « • • 10 46 ^ F. 48 4 54 7 57 56 9 45 13 41 2 46 25m 11 41 7 1 S. 47 5 53 1 56 57 6 58 8 5 7 46 6 46 13 42 3 41 1 20 . . . .S^u. 4 46 7 6 4 52 7 2 4 55 5 12 6 42 4 43m 2 22m 43m 9 Ai. 45 7 51 3 54 6 59 6 47 11 43 6 3 3 47 2 8 10 Tu. 44 8 50 4 53 7 5 48 11 44 7 29 5 8 3 29 11 W. 43 9 49 5 52 1 5 48 10 44 8 43 6 22 4 43 12 Th. 42 10 48 6 51 2 4 49 9 45 9 41 7 20 5 41 13 h\ 41 11 47 7 50 3 3 50 9 45 10 23 8 2 6 23 14 15 40 4 29 12 46 S 7 9 49 4 7 5 2 5 2 50 8 46 6 46 10 53 8 37 9 9m 6 58 7 13 4 44 4 48 6 51 5 7 11 som 7 30m 16 M. C8 14 43 10 47 6 1 52 7 47 la. : 9 40 8, 1 17 Tl!. 37 15 42 11 46 6 52 6 48 32 ;io 11 8 32 18 w. 36 16 41 12 45 7 5 53 6 48 1 4 '10 43 9 4 19 I'h. E6 17 40 13 45 8 4 59 54 5 49 1 S8 11 17 9 38 20 F. 35 18 39 14 44 9 59 54 5 49 2 13 1152 10 13 21 22 S. 34 19 7 20 38 14 43 4 43 9 7 10 58 4 57 55 4 50 2 51 3oa. ! 1 17a. 10 51 ^U. 4 33 4 37 7 15 6 55 5 4 6 50 3 38a. 11 28m 23 M. ; 32 21 36 16 42 11 57 56 3 61 4 32 2 11 32a. 24 Til. 31 22 36 17 41 12 56 56 3 61 5 38 3 17 1 38 25 W. £0 2;J 35 18 41 13 56 57 2 52 6 60 4 29 250 26 Th. 29 ai 34 19 40 13 55 57 2 52 7 59 5 38 3 59 27 F. 28 •25 34 20 39 14 55 58 1 53 1 3 58 6 37 4 68 28 29 S. 28 26 33 21 38 4 38 15 54 68 6 59 1 53 : 9 43 7 22 5 43 6 30a. Sw. 4 27 7 27 4 32 7 22 7 16 4 54 5 6 53 10 30a. 8 9a. 30 M. ' 26 27 32 22 37 16 53 6 69 54 11 20 8 59 7 20 31 Tll.l 26 28 31 23 37 17 53 7 64 ... 9 49 8 10 183G. 3faj/ has Thirty-one Days. 19| Passage of the Meruliuii (mean time) and Declination of the Planets. | 1st day. 7th day. 13th day. I'Jth day. 25th day. | Seutlis. Dec. Soutlts. Dec. Souths. Dec. Souths. Dec. 1 Souths. Dec. h. m. o « h. m. O 1 \ h. m. o / 1 h. m. ' h. m. 1 5 oa. - -15 24 27a. --20 44a. -f-23 19 1 17a.;- --25 10 1 33a. - --25 33 ? 3 3- -26 20 3 8 - -2G 29 3 11 --26 18j 3 13 - --25 45 3 13 - - -24 64 $ 10 5m - - 3 32 9 58m -- 5 20 9 5im -- 7 ' r j 9 45m- -- 8 61 i 9 38m - --I0 30 a 3 56a. - -14 17 8 32a. --13 53 8 lOa --13 22 7 488. - --12 43 ■ 7 28a. ■ --12 4 59 - -14 30 4 45 --14 34 4 31 -|-14 34 , 4 18 - --14 29 4 4 --14 21 $ 6 42111 - -10 59 6 22m - -11 36 ■; 6 im -[-12 1 1 s 4f'm- --12 46 5 19m --13 18 $ 8 17 - —15 57 8 I ' 15 32 ' 7 44 — 15 9 7 27 - —14 49 7 9 —14 32 u 4 loa. - j-23 14 3 50a. -)-23 9 3 3ia. -f-23 4 3 12a. j -[-22 57 2 54a. -f-22 50 h U 20 - -9 21 10 54 — 9 12 10 29 — 9 5 10 4 - — 8 58 9 39 — 8 51 ^ 7 47m - —10 46 7 24m: — 10 42 1 7 iin — 10 39 1 6 38m - —10 37 6 14m —10 36 JC 9) • Moon rises or sets. Mean lime. || T^f VV^ 1LT ^-^ « ■ t^ HT a A -m T ^.^ ^^ v.h ^.m v^* v.^ ^ V A a — o , O •- ^ .s PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA- o 1^ \ o to c o 'n . c TIONS. o § i o O 5=^ Simdays and other Remarkabh o „ o n C3 fei Days. h. m. rises. h. m. rises. h. m. rises. h. m. rises. ii. m. rises. h. m. [4<,'i Sunday after Easter. 5^. 8 7 47a. 7 43a 7 40a. 7 27a. 7 23a.: ^ D "^ a £i. ]) eclipsed, visible. 2 48m 9 9 9 3 8 59 8 42 8 37 :icD 5-Ophiuchi. [St. Philip c^' 3 1 48 10 27 10 20 10 14 9 54 9 48 [JuTllCS. 4 2 51 11 36 11 28 11 22 II 2 10 55 5 3 55 11 56 Bonaparte d. 1821. Laplace d. [1827. 6 4 58 34m 27m 2im 2m . c . 7 5 57 1 SO 1 14 1 10 53 1 3511) 47m |Sth. c5 D T5I. 6 51 m 1 56m 1 5im 1 48m 1 30m Rogation Snmlay. 9 7 40 2 25 2 21 2 19 2 10 2 7 1 10 8 26 2 43 2 46 9 45 2 39 2 38 d 9A'5. ^lO'S.of ' 20ih.' Columbus d. (0. S.) 1503. ^'^nSl- Whit Sunday. 26m ■ ■ • 5m 36m 3im lom 23 6 31 1 5 1 1 58 45 41 24 7 16 1 29 1 26 1 25 1 15 1 13 Copernicus died, 1543. 25 8 1 151 1 50 1 49 1 44 1 43 nijiO- 26 8 48 2 13 2 13 2 13 2 13 2 13 ^Dy'lTJ. 27 9 37 2 36 2 37 2 39 2 43 2 45 dDh- 28 'S. 10 30 3 2 3 o rises. 3 8 rises. 3 16 3 20 * D /. IT5. 11 23a. rises. rises. ri9es. ' ^ D (^ ni ■ Trinity Simday. 30 ' 2'V- 10 loa. 2 om 2 5m 2 lom 2 3im 27 11 14 rises. rises. rises. rises. rises. 28 8 8 2a. 7 «4a. 7 48a. 7 28a. 7 2ia. Battle of Monmouih, 1778. 29 2im. 9 1 8 54 8 48 8 29 8 23 *Dt/. *D«/- 30 1 27 9 49 9 43 9 39 9 22 9 17 \V. Roscoe died, 1831. '2-2 July, Seventh Montli, bci^ins on Friday. [183G. Twiligiil bygiiis and eiuls. Moan time. 1st day. [ 7 i Beg th day. | 13th day. ] 19th day. 1 1 2.'iili day. j Begins. Ends. ms. Knds. Begins. Ends. 1 Begins. Ends. begins. 1 Ends. h ra. i.m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h.ra. jh . m. h. m. h. m. h. m. Boston, 2 12m. < 3 54 a . 2 19m. 9 49 a. 2 26m. 9 44 a. 2 35m. 9 37 a. 2 44m. 9 28 a. N.York, 2 26 < 3 40 2 32 9 36 2 39 9 31 2 46 9 25 2 54 9 18 Wa»li. 2 39 < 3 27 2 44 9 2-1 2 51 9 19 1 2 58 9 14 3 5 9 7 Chailos. 3 13 3 53 3 17 8 51 3 22 8 48 3 27 845 3 32 8 40 N.Orl's, 3 25 3 41 3 29 8 .?9 3 33 S 37 3 37 8 34 3 42 '8 30 yipogee and Perigee of tUe Moon. Apogee, Ihh, 5h. A. | Perigee, 26tli, 8h. A. Phanes of ike Muon. Last QuaitiT, 5th day, Ob. 2o.7m. A'. First Quarter, 21st day, 9li. 56.8ra. M. Mew Moon, 13th " 3 40.5 A. Full ,Moon, 28th " 38.5 M. j= A Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T. High water. M. time. o o (n > a ' ' c o o 03 O &^ ID c o a o « . 5 cn c o Ji 1 n O n to § cn . rises. sets. rises. \ sets. rises, sets. rises. sets. rises. sets. 1 h. m. h. m. h. m. h. ra. h. m. h. m. h. ni. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h ra. h. ra. 1 F. 4 26 7 40 4 31 7 35 4 37 7 29 4 55 7 11 5 1 7 5 53m 11 23a. 9 44a. 2 3 S. 26 40 7 40 32 35 37 29 7 29 55 11 1 5 1 4 7 4 1 44 ... 10 33 Sa.\i 27 4 32 7 35 4 33 4 56 7 11 2 33m 12m 11 21a. 4 M. 27 39 33 34 38 28 56 11 2 4 1 3 21 1 . . . 5 Tu. 28 39 33 34 39 28 57 11 2 4 4 6 1 45 6m 6 W. 29 39 34 34 40 28 57 11 3 4 4 55 2 34 55 7 Til. 30 39 35 34 40 28 68 11 4 4 : 5 47 3 26 1 47 8 F. 30 38 35 33 41 27 68 10 4 3 6 43 4 32 2 43 9 10 S. 5th day. | Souths. h. m. 11 32m- Dec. o < -IS 41 Souths. Ii. m. 11 2m Dec. --IS 59 Souths. h. m. 10 44m Dec. O 1 --19 55 Souths. h. m. '10 39m Dec. 1 Souths. , , h. m. - -21 6 10 49in - Dec. --21 67 ? 2 13a.- -16 25 1 48a. --15 12 1 na. --14 15' 4la.- - -13 39 2a.i- --13 21 (T 8 dsm- -13 50 8 52m — 19 50 8 46m - -20 44 8 40 m --21 31 : 8 34111!- --22 10 fi 5 36a. - -6 3 5 2oa.! --4 57 5 6a. -- 3 48 4 49a. --2 3- 4 33a. - -- 1 26 5 2 40 L -12 14 2 27 j — 11 43 2 13 --11 9 1 59 - -10 35 1 46 -- 9 57 $ 2 d2m - }-15 11 2 26m — 15 10 1 59m -L-15 1 32m — 14 43 1 4m- --14 16 U h 5 11 - 1 la.- 7 10 j- -14 14 [-21 47 — 8 36 4 50 43a. 6 46 — 14 27 -|-21 33 — 8 38 4 29 25a 6 23 — 14 46 4 6 -)-21 19 7a. — 3 42 6 — 15 10 -|-21 4 — 8 46 3 43 i 11 49 5 37a. — 15 38 -j--:o 49 — 3 52 ^ 3 4Sm - -10 39 3 24m — 10 42 3 0111 — 10 46 ! 2 35m —10 49 i 2 12m — 10 53 o 1 1 2 ii Moon rises or sets. Mean time. | PHEXOMEN.A AND OBSERVA- TIONS. Swiduys and oilier Reuuir/cablc Daijs. o £ o « O c o I'.i 5 c S3 .26 rise^. . m. la. h. m. 2 3om h. ra. 10 25a. rises. li. m. 10 2ia. rises, b. m. 10 isa. rises. h. m. 1 10 6a. 1 Id. Earth farthest from the Sun. 2 5. 4 5 6 3 26 10 64 11 18a. 11 40 10 51 11 I7a. 11 40 10 49 11 loa. 11 41 10 41 10 38 d 5 y- h 3'"^' ? s'ation.try. olli Suvdinj after Triiiit:/. Indcpfiiileiice declared, 1776. Algiers .surrendered J 1S33. 5{i D ," H 4 nm 5 4 6 43 6 31 11 12a. 1 11 41 'i 1 iia. 1 42 im 2m 4m 8in iiin 7 7 U 23 25 28 30 40 8 7 53 46 50 54 1 6 1 11 (} siaiioiiaiy. [1755. 9 8 43 1 12 1 IS 1 5oni 1 22 1 38 ! 1 43 (j ]) J. l;rar'(!ock defeated, Rih Siaidaij aftur Trlmttj. 9 31 m 1 43m 1 56m 2 13m 2 2om 11 12 10 20 11 10 2 20 3 4 2 27 3 12 2 35 3 20 2 54 3 40 3 2 3 43 CSD 9- [lamihon died, 1S04. Battle of 13 14 la. 51 sets. 8 38a. sets. 8 32a. sets. 8 27a. sets. 8 loa. sets. 8 5a. d D U- [Eoyne, 1(-:S.1, N.S. d 5 ? • French Revul'Jlion be- 15 1 39 9 10 9 5 9 2 S 47 8 43 [c:an, 1789. 16 2 26 9 36 9 59a. 9 32 9 30 9 13 9 15 9 46a. llh Simdoy after Trinity. i'. 3 iia. 9 o7a. 9 55a. 9 48a. 18 3 54 10 21 10 20 10 20 10 17 10 17 9 at greatest W. elong. 20° 14'. 19 4 37 10 42 10 42 10 44 10 45 10 46 ^^y'W- dUO- 20 5 21 11 4 11 5 11 8 11 13 11 16 21 22 23 6 8 G 59 7 54 11 28 11 57 11 31 U 35 11 43 I 11 48 DOh- (libraltar taken, 170-1. ;{^ ]) A Oph. Slh Suiid. aft. Tr. im 39m 6m 45m 19m 1 2m 25m 8 54a. 33m 1 9m 25 26 9 59 11 6 1 17 rises. 1 24 rises. 1 32 rises. 151 1 rists. 1 69 rises. Inf. d?0- Coleridge died, 1834, aged 61. 27 28 8 lom 7 38a. 8 19 7 3ia. 8 14 7 26a. 8 11 7 9a. 7 56 7 3a. 7 51 RevolMtion in France, 1830. 29 30 S. 1 10 2 5 2 som 8 52 9 19 8 43 1 i) 17 8 40 9 16 ; S 36 9 10 8 33 9 9 d$u- dDy. Isi IMa«oiiiclodge in U. S. 1733. 9 42a 1 9 42a. 3 42a. 9 40a. 9 40a. dlh Sunday after Trinity. 24 August, Eighth Month, begins on Monday. ^1836. Twilight begins and ends. Mean time. 1st day. 7th day. 1 13th (lay. || 19th day. 1 25th day. Begins. i Ends. Begins. Ends. 'i Begins. Ends. Begins. Ends. Begins.: Ends. h. m. 1. m. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. 1. m. h. m. h. m. 1 h. m. | Boston, 2 55m. ! 3 17 a . 3 5m. 9 5 a. 3 isna. 8 53 a. 3 24m. 8 42 a. 3 34m. 3 30 a. N. York, 3 4 i ) 8 3 14 8 56 3 23 8 46 3 32 ,8 34 3 40 S 24 Wash. 3 14 i 3 58 3 22 8 48 3 30 8 38 3 38 8 28 3 46 8 18 Charles. ■d 39 f i 33 3 45 8 25 3 50 8 18 3 56 8 10 4 2 8 2 N. Orl's. 3 43 f i 24 3 54 8 16 3 59 8 9 4 4 's 2 4 8 7 56 Apogee and Perigee of the Moon. Apogee, 8lh day, 3h. M. | Porigee, 23d day, llh. A. Pliases of the Moon. Last auarter, 4th dav, 2h. 3.2ni. M. | First auarter, lf)th day, 5h. 7.5ra. A. .Mew Moon, 12th " 6 4.1 M. ; Full SJoon, 2oth " 8 31.8 RI. 5 Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. tor retract.) M. '1'. High water. M. time. o Q o en >> a 3 6 3 o c o S o a O m c a c" o GR o ca . 2; h risei sets. rUes. sets. rises sets. rises. sets. rises sets. h. m h. m.'h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. ni. h. m. h. ni. h. m. 1 M. 4 62 7 20 4 56 7 16 5 7 12 13 6 58 3 19 6 53 2 15m . . . 10 63a. 2 Tu. 53 19 57 15 1 11 14 67 19 62 2 53 32m 11 31 3 W. 54 13 58 14 1 10 14 56 20 51 3 31 1 10 . • . 4 Th. 55 16 4 59 13 2 9 15 65 20 60 4 10 1 49 10m 5 56 15 5 12 3 8 16 64 21 49 4 50 2 29 50 6 s. 57 14 1 11 4 7 16 63 21 43 5 41 3 20 1 41 7 Su. 4 53 7 13 |5 2 7 10 5 5 7 6 5 17 6 52 5 22 6 48 6 65ni 4 3401 2 osni 8 M. 50 11 3 8 6 4 IS 51 23 47 8 18 6 57 4 18 9 Tu. 5 10 4 7 7 3 IS 50 23 40 9 23 7 7 5 28 10 W. 1 9 5 6 8 2 19 49 24 45 10 20 7 59 6 20 11 Th. 2 8 6 5 9 7 20 48 24 44 11 5 S 44 7 5 12 F. 3 7 7 3 10 6 59 20 47 25 43 11 44 9 23 7 44 13 U S. 4 5 8 2 11 58 21 46 25 42 19a. 9 58 8 19 5 5 7 4 5 9 7 5 12 6 57 5 22 6 45 5 26 6 42 53a. 10 32m 8 53 m 15 M. 6 o 10 6 59 13 55 22 44 27 41 1 27 11 6 9 27 16 Tu. 7 7 1 11 53 14 54 23 43 27 40 1 59 11 33 9 59 17 W. 8 V> 59 12 57 15 53 24 42 23 39 2 32 iia. 10 32 18 I'll. 9 68 13 55 16 52 24 41 23 38 3 8 47 11 S 19 v. 10 56 14 54 17 50 25 40 29 37 3 47 1 26 n 47 20 s. 11 55 15 53 18 49 26 39 29 S6 4 37 2 16 37a. 21 Sa. 12 6 54 5 16 6 51 5 19 6 48 5 27 6 38 5 30 6 35 5 4Sa. 3 26a. 1 46a. 22 \T. 14 52 17 50 20 46 27 37 30 34 7 20 4 59 3 20 23 ru. 13 51 18 49 21 45 28 36 31 33 8 62 6 31 4 62 24 w. 16 49 19 47 21 43 29 35 32 32 10 1 7 40 6 1 25 Th. 17 ^8 20 45 22 42 29 34 32 31 10 58 8 37 6 58 26 V. 18 46 21 43 23 41 30 33 33 30 11 49 9 28 7 49 27 28 Su. 19 44 22 41 24 39 6 38 31 5 32 32 6 31 34 29 * ■ ■ 1 10 13 8 34 9 loa. 3 20 S 42 5 23 f ) 40 5 25 5 34 6 28 34m] 10 49a. 29 M. 21 41 24 33 26 36 32 29 36 27 1 10 j 11 23 9 44 30 i'u. 22 39 25 36 27 34 33 28 35 26 1 44 11 66 10 17 31 V , 23 37 26 34 23 33 34 26 36 24 2 17 . . . 10 48 1836.] August has Thirty-one Days. 25 Passage of the Meridian (mean time) ami Declination of the Planets. 1st day. Suutlis. b. m. n 13m 11 13 8 27 4 na. 1 29 32m 3 14 U 11 23 h 5 loa. y 1 43m 9 ? a. Dec. -|-21 34 ;-[-13 25 }-|-22 50 — 9 10 13 35 — 16 16 -|-20 31 — 9 1 — 10 58 7th day. Soiithi. 1. m. 11 40m Dec. -19 35 10 43 -13 42 8 20 -23 14 4 3a. — 1 14 1 15 -- 8 30 4m --12 50 2 49 11 10 4 48a. — 16 64 -(-20 14 — 9 9 1 19m -11 3 13th day. Souths. h. m. 2a 10 14m 8 U 3 49a. 1 1 11 31 2 23m 10 52 4 26a. 6om Dec. -j-16 14 — 14 8 --23 30 — 2 28 48 50 — 17 33 -j-19 57 9 18 — 11 8 tn lyth day. Simtlis. h. m. 2Sa. 9 50m 8 7 3 35a. 47 n 3 1 56m 10 34 4 4a. 30in Dec. -(-12 4 -(-14 35 -(-23 39 — 3 42 4-7 4 -(-10.49 — IS 14 -[-19 40 — 9 28 —11 13 i>5th day. Souths. h. m. 46a. 9 32m 8 3 22a. 33 10 35 1 29m 10 15 3 42a 6m Dec. o 7 32 --14 68 23 42 — 4 55 -- 6 20 -- 9 43 — 18 54 -}-19 22 — 9 3S — 11 19 §1 •51 ^! 2 o ^ Vi ^ Moon rises or sets. Mean time. 1 2 3 4 5 si" 8 9 10 11 12 13 s: 15 16 17 18 19 20 s: 22 23 24 25 26 27 s. 29 30 31 3 42m 4 26 6 10 5 54 6 39 7 26 rises. h. m. 10 4a. 10 26 10 49 11 13 11 42 o to . S u -Ji tn a 8 15m 9 6 9 66 10 47 11 36 23a. 1 9 1 53a. 2 36 3 20 4 5 4 54 5 46 6 43 7 44a. 8 48 9 52 10 53 11 50 S 42m 1 3im 2 17 3 2 3 47 nm 59 1 49 2 47 sets. 7 393. 8 3 rises. h. m. rises. hi. m. 10 5a. 10 6a 10 28 jlO 31 10 53 10 56 II rises. h. m. 11 19 11 43 11 63 11 54 8 26a. 8 43 9 10 9 32 9 58 10 30 11 10 im 1 s rises, 6 48a. 7 13 7 42 8 4a. 8 26 8 49 9 14 -24111 1 7 1 67 2 54 sets. 7 35a. 3 8 24a, 8 48 9 11 9 35 10 2 10 35 11 17 9m 1 13 rises. 6 44a. 7 15 7 41 3im 1 15 2 8 3 2 sets. 7 32a. 7 59 8 24a. 8 48 9 13 9 39 10 7 10 42 U 24 rises. h. m. 10 9a. 10 lOa. 10 37 10 40 11 6 11 11 11 37 11 43 iim i8tn 50 m 1 35 2 26 3 21 sets. 7 20a. 7 50 8 19a. S 48 9 16 9 46 10 19 10 57 11 42 17m 37m 1 21 rises. 6 4ia 7 U 7 41 1 42 rises. 6 28a, 7 14 7 37 8 4a. 8 27 8 52 9 18 8 6;i 8 30 8 55 9 23 8 6a. 8 35 9 4 9 35 53m 1 43 2 34 3 29 sets. 7 16a. 7 48 8 isa. 8 43 9 19 9 51 10 25 11 4 11 51 46m 1 50 rises. 6 24a. 7 3 7 36 8 7a. 8 38 9 9 9 41 PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA- TIONS. Sundays and oilier Remarkable Daijs. C5 9 5 . Lammas day. Continent [of America discov. 1498, O. S. d9U- C5 D ^. lOi/i Sund.aft. Trinity. dD?. Convent in Charlestown, M ass, C5 ]) 9 . [deslroved, 1834, ••'lip- d 9 O- 5*0$ • 1'''' '^""- "fi^^ Trinity Scott b. 1771, Napoleon, 1769. 5 staiionary. Battle of Ben- d D h- [nlngton, 1777. 21st. Massacre ill Virginia. 1831. \2th Sunday after Trinity. St. Barth'mew. 25th. St. James $0^- Herschel died, 1822 C5 D y. [and, 1776 ^ D xp^ss.. Bat. on Long Isl- iWi Sunday after Trinity. Battle on Rhode Island, 1778. 26 September, Ninth Month, begins on Thursday. [1836. Twilight begins and eniis. Mean time. 1st day. Begins. 1 Ends. 7th day. 13th flay. ji 19th day. jl 25th day. | Begins.! En s. Begins. Eiuls. Begins Ends. Begins . Ends. li. m. h. m. h. m. h . m. h. tn. h. m. 1. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. Boston, 3 44m. 9 16 a 3 5im. 8 4 a. 3 59m 7 52 a. 4 7m. 7 40 a. 4 16m 7 28 a. N.York, 3 49 js H '3 06 8 4 3 7 49 !' 4 10 7 37 4 18 7 26 Wash. 3 54 8 6 '4 7 56 4 7 7 45 ' 4 14 7 34 4 21 7 33 Chares. 4'- 8 7 52 4 12 7 43 4 17 7 34 '' 4 22 7 25 4 28 7 16 N. Orl's. 4 14 ,7 43 I4 17 7 39 4 21 7 31 :' 4 25 7 22 4 30 7 14 Apogee and Perigee of the Moon. Apogee, 4th, 8h. A. | Perigee, Snth, 4h. M. l^hases of the. Jlnon. Last auarter, 2d day, Ch. 40.1m. A. First Quarter, 17lh day, llh. 11.3m. A. New Moon, 10th, " 7 34.9 A. Full .Moon, 24th " G 40.3 A. 1 Days of Month. 1 Days of Week. Su'i's iipper liinb rises and sets, (cor. tor refruct.) M, T. High water. JM, time. ■» 1 > 6 c a: s . to =3 c en , _a) D m C a . t: a a 1 a ■i c ^ . risc-i sets. rises. sets. rise sets. rise.-!. sets. rises sets. li. m h. m. h. m. h. Ill h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. iTh. 5 24 6 36 5 27 6 31 5 29 6 ai 5 35 6 25 5 37 6 23 2 48m 27m 11 22a. 2F. 26 35 2S 32 3:) cO :5 24 37 22 3 22 1 1 1 . . . 3S. 4 Su. Q7 33 29 30 6 29 31 28 36 22 38 21 6 19 4 3 4 55m 1 42 3m 55m 5 28 6 31 5 30 5 32 6 27 5 37 6 21 5 3. 2 34m 5 M. '-'9 30 31 27 38 25 37 20 39 IS 6 12 3 51 2 12 6Tu. 30 28 32 26 34 24 38 19 39 17 7 39 6 13 3 39 7 W. 31 26 33 24 35 23 33 19 40 16 8 63 6 37 4 58 sTh. 32 2-5 34 2:3 35 21 39 16 40 15 9 67 7 36 5 27 9F. 33 23 35 21 36 SO 40 15 41 13 10 42 8 21 6 42 10 S. 11 Su 34 21 36 19 37 18 40 14 42 12 11 22 9 1 7 22 5 35 6 19 5 37 6 18 5 33 6 17 5 41 • 12 5 42 6 11 11 56111 9 35m 7 56m 12 M. 36 17 33 16 39 16 42 11 43 10 2sa. 10 7 8 2S 13 Tu, 37 16 39 14 40 13 42 9 43 8 1 10 39 9 14 W. ?8 14 40 12 41 12 43 8 44 7 131 11 10 9 31 15 Th. 39 12 41 10 41 10 43 7 44 6 2 3 11 42 10 3 16 F. 40 11 42 S 42 9 44 6 45 5 2 40 19a. 10 40 17 S. iSSu. 41 3 4. 9 42 43 7 6 5 43 ■ 44 6 5 45 5 45 4 3 25 1 4 t 11 25 6 7 5 5 6 4 5 46 6 3 1 4 16a. 1 55cl. i&a. 19 M. 45 5 44 4 44 4 j 46 3 46 2 5 39 , 3 IS 1 39 20 Tu. 44 4 45 2 45 2 ' 47 1 47 1 7 21 6 3 21 21 W. 45 2 46 6 I 46 C 1 47 6 47 ! 8 47 ! 6 26 4 47 22'Th. 4fi 6 47 5 59 47 6 59 48 5 ,59 49 5 53 9 55 ; 7 34 5 55 23 F. 47 5 53 48 57 48 57 48 57 48 67 10 49 8 28 6 49 24 S. 25 Su. 43 5 49 56 5 54 49 55 49 ) 50 55 ; 6 53 49 5 50 55 49 55 -. 54 1 11 34 9 13 9 49a. 1 7 34 5 50 5 53 5 64 5 50 ... 8 loa. 26 M. 50 52 51 52! 51 52 50 51 50 53 lom 10 22 ' 8 43 27 Tu. 51 60 52 50 52 51 61 51 51 51 43 50 9 11 28 W. 53 49 53 49 53 49 52 50 51 50 : 1 11 11 19 9 40 29 Th. 54 47 54 47 54 47 , 52 48 82 49 i 1 40 11 51 12 30 F. 55 45 55 45 55 45 , 53 47 1 52 48 21; ... 10 47 1 1830.] Sipteinber has 'riiirti/ Days. Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets. 5 ? § U h 1st day. 7th day. ]3th SuuLlis. 1 Dec. SoutJis. Dec. SoiU/is. h. m. h. m. h. m. 1 la. + 2 11 1 9a. — 2 13 1 17a. 9 ism +15 15 9 8 in + 15 16 9 2m 7 52 +23 37 7 45 +23 26 7 37 3 6a. — 6 21 2 53a. — 7 33 2 4ia. 17 + 5 28 2 + 4 43 11 48m jlO 3 + 8 22 9 36 + 7 9. 9 loa. ' osm —19 40 asm —20 16 11 54 1 9 54 -f-19 I 9 35 +18 44 9 16m 3 na. — 9 52 2 558 10 4 2 34a. 11 33 —11 26 11 8 — 11 30 10 44 _day^ |i Dec, j — 6 22 +15 2 +23 lo' — 8 44 + 3 58 + 5 o5 —50 51 +18 26 —10 17! — 11 35! I9th ilay. , 25th i Houtlis. Dec. Souths. 1 h. in. 1 h. m. 1 1 22a. —10 7 1 23a. 8 58m +14 32 8 66m 7 27 +22 49 7 IS 1 2 28a. — 9 53 2 16a. 11 33m + 3 12 n 19m 8 44a. + 4 43 s 20a. 11 26 —21 15 10 57 ' 8 57m +18 9 8 38m 2 12a. —10 30 1 5ia. 10 19 —11 40 ' 9 55 1 da y. Dec. —13° 20 + 13 45' I +22 24; -11 2 + 2 26 + 3 32, _2I 33 +17 52 — 10 44 1 -11 441 1 2 _3 S. 5 6 1 8 9 110 S. 12 13 14 15 16 17 S. 19 20 21 22! 23 24 s: 26 27 28 29 30 s * 6 69m. 7 50 8 40 9 30 10 18 11 5 11 50 34a. 1 18 2 3 2 51 3 42 4 38 5 37 6 39a. 7 41 8 42 9 38 Moon rises or sets. .Mean lime. b. m. 4 33m. 5 20 6 9 ^ o C9 Ji o TISCS. h. m. 9 42a. 10 15 10 55 ruses. h. m. 9 47 a. 10 21 11 2 cT 2 =0 .5 a rises. Churl rises. 1 h. m. li. m. I 9 54a. 10 28 11 9 rises, h. m. 10 9a. 10 16a. 10 46 10 55 11 30 11 39 11 4ia. 11 4sa. 11 56a. 35ra| 1 36 I 2 41 3 47 I sets. 42m 1 42 2 46 3 51 sets 6 53a. 7 13 7 35 8 8 30 9 8 9 55 10 54a. 6 53a. 7 14 7 37 8 4 S 35 9 14 10 2 11 la. 50m 1 49 2 52 3 56 sets. 6 53a. 7 15 7 40 8 8 8 40 9 21 10 10 i7m| 27m 1 10 I 1 19 2 8 3 7 4 8 sets. 6 oia. 7 18 7 47 8 19 8 65 9 39 10 30 2 16 3 15 4 14 sets. 6 5la. 7 20 7 50 8 24 9 2 9 47 10 39 11 9a. u 30a. 11 40a. 10 31 11 20 8 7m. 63 1 38 2 24 3 11 4 3ra 1 18 2 37 rises. \ 6 6a I 6 28a.: 6 43 7 11 7 39 8 11 8 48 lom 17m 1 23 1 3 41 I rises. : 6 sa. 6 28a. 6 60 7 15 I 7 44 i 8 17 ' 8 55 I 1 30 2 46 rises. 6 6a. 6 30a. 6 63 7 19 7 49 8 24 9 2 36m 45m 1 47 1 54 2 59 , rises. 6 4a. 3 5 rises, 6 4a. fi 33a. 7 7 29 8 3 8 41 9 22 6 35a. 7 4 7 35 8 10 8 49 9 31 PHENOMENA AND OBSERVA- TIONS. Sundays and other Revuxrkable Days. 6 ^^W- *DA'«. 14//! Sunday c/ler Trinity. C5 ]) (J . 1st Congress (pi. mem.) d D $ . [met at Pliil. 1774.} C5 5 U- H.Morecl.l833,a.S8.i <90$- . i liaiile al Eutaw Springs, 1781. ! Batile on Lake Erie, 1831. \blh Smtday after Trinity. CJ D rt . Jewish yr. 5597 begins.'. Battle at Quebec, Wolf and 1 C5 D b- [Montcalm k. 1759 New York surrendered, 1776. Venus most brilliant as morning: :+;D3/. [star. (j $ IJ.. I6lh Sund. after Trin. CJ ^aTip. lstbat.Slillvvater,1777. 21sl. W. Scott died, lS32,a.62. ;^ ]) . \ff. St. Matlhexc. \ (j I) ^. Autumn begins. 1 1th Sunday after Trinity. j Philadelphia surrendered, 1777. j 9 al greatest E. along. 25° 45'. | 27th. Rammoliun Roy d. 1833. Yorktown invested, 1781. | 28 October, Tenth 3Ionth, begins on Saturday. [1836. Twilight be^rins and ends. Mean time. 1st day. ji 7th day. | 13tli day. i| 19th day. | 25tli day. Begins. ] :nds. Begins. End.?. : Begins . Ends. Ubgins. Ends. | Besins. Ends. h. m. h m. h. m. h. m. 1. m. h. m. Ii . m. ,h. m. h. III. h. m. Boston, 4 23m 7 17 a. 4 30m. 7 6 a. 4 37na . 6 65 a. 4 44in. 6 46 a. 4 5am. 6 38 a. N. York 4 25 7 15 4 32 7 4 4 38 6 54 4 44 6 46 4 60 6 38 Wash. 4 27 7 13 4 33 7 3 4 3S 6 54 4 44 6 46 4 50 6 38 Charles. 4 32 7 8 4 36 7 j 4 40 6 62 4 45 6 45 4 49 6 39 N. Orl's 4 34 7 6 4 37 6 58 4 41 6 51 4 45 6 45 4 48 6 40 Apogee and Perigee of the Moon. Apogee, 9d day, 4h. A. Apogee, 30th day, Ih. A. Perigee, ]4th, " lOh. A. Pliaxes of the Moon. Last Quarter, 2d dav, ]h. 33.9m. A. First Quarter, 17th day, 5h. ]6.Gm. M. New Moon, 10th " 8 20.5 ftl. Full Moon, 24th " 7 55.6 M. ■i: .a Sun's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. lor refract.) M. T. High water. M. time. c o o >-. OS Q 0) Cm o ' ' o Ji c o s S3 5 . c 1 OD • ed 01 si £ O] . 3 cd rises. set-. rises. sets rises. sets. rises. sets. rises. sets. !i. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. Ii. ni. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. ] ~2 Su. 5 56 5 43 5 56 5 57 5 43 5 55 5 57 5 43 42 5 54 5 55 5 45 5 44 5 53 5 54 5 46 5 46 2 47m 26m 11 28a. 5 57 a 42 3 28m 1 7m • • • 3 M. 58 40 68 41 58 40 55 43 64 44 4 18 1 57 ism 4 Tu. 5 59 39 5 59 39 5 69 39 56 42 55 43 5 -26 3 5 1 26 5 W. 6 1 38 6 38 6 38 66 41 66 42 6 53 4 32 2 53 6 Th. 2 36 1 37 1 37 57 40 66 41 8 16 5 55 4 15 7 F. 3 34 2 35 2 35 58 38 57 39 9 24 7 3 5 24 8 9 S. Su. 4 33 3 34 3 34 5 32 58 37 5 36 58 38 10 11 7 50 6 11 6 5 5 31 6 4 5 32 6 4 . 59 5 58 .5 37 10 52111 8 3im 6 52m 10 M. 6 29 5 31 5 31 tj 35 59 36 11 26 9 5 7 26 11 Tu. 8 28 6 29 6 30 34 6 35 11 56 9 35 7 66 12 W. 9 26 7 28 7 29 1 33 34 28a. 10 7 8 23 13 Th. 10 24 8 26 8 27 32 1 33 I 2 10 41 9 2 14 F. 11 22 9 25 9 25 2 30 2 32 1 39 11 18 9 39 15 16 Su. 12 20 10 23 5 22 10 24 5 22 3 29 2 31 2 22 3 13a. la. 52 a. 10 22 6 13 5 19 6 11 6 11 6 4 5 23 6 3 29 11 1311) 17 M. 14 17 12 20 10 20 5 26 4 28 4 14 1 53 14a. 18 Tu. 15 16 13 18 13 19 5 25 4 27 5 37 3 16 1 37 19 VV. 17 14 14 17 14 1: 6 24 5 26 } 7 12 4 51 3 12 20 Th. 18 13 15 15 15 16 7 23 6 25 8 39 6 18 4 39 21 F. 19 11 16 14 16 15 8 22 6 24 9 40 7 19 5 40 22 23 S. Su. 21 10 18 12 17 14 8 21 5 2(i 7 6 S 23 10 28 8 7 6 28 6 22 5 8 6 19 5 11 6 18 5 13 6 9 5 24 111 8a. 8 47 a. 7 8a. 24 w. 23 7 20 10 19 12 10 19 8 21 11 40 9 19 7 40 25 Tu. 24 5 21 8 20 10 11 18 9 20 . . . 9 49 8 10 26 W. 25 4 22 7 21 9 11 17 10 19 lom 10 18 S 39 27 Th. 27 2 24 5 22 7 12 16 10 18 39 10 49 9 10 28 F. 28 1 25 4 23 5 13 15 11 17 1 10 11 24 9 45 29 S. 29 5 26 3 24 4 14 14 12 16 1 45 11 53 10 19 30 Su. 6 31 4 58 6 27 5 1 6 25 5 3 6 14 5 13 6 12 5 16 2 19m • • • 10 59a. 31 M. 32 67 28 26 2 15 12 13 15 1 2 50 38m 11 47 1836.J October has Thirty-nne Days. 29 ■ Passage of the Meridian (mean time) and Declination of the Planets. | 1 1st day. 7th day. i Kith day. 1 liHh (lay. j 25th day Suuths. h. m. Doc. O ' Souths. h. m. 1 Dec. O 1 South. 1 h. m. Dec. Souths. 1 i). m. Dec. / Souths. ll. m. Dec. ( > ej Q c o a. O o > rises. h. m. I r 1 a o«S j Sundays and other Remarkable Days. h. m. rises. h. m. ises, . m. rises. ll. m. rises, b. m. 1 ] 4 ooni 9 33 a. 10 24a. 11 2-2 9 40a 9 48a. 10 9a. 10 19a.l ISlh Sunday after Trinity. $ at grealest W. elong. 46° 14'. 5. 3 4 5 41 m 6 32 7 22 10 3ia. 11 29 10 39a. 11 36 11 oa. 11 55 u 9a. 4m 5 6 8 10 8 57 24m 1 59 29m 1 33 36m 1 39 53m 1 53 1 1 1 59 dDU- (J D ?. Peace vviih Eng. 1783. 7 9 43 2 37 2 40 2 44 2 54 2 59 j 2d Batlle at SiilKvater, 1777. S 6'. 10 23 3 45 4 53m 3 47 3 50 3 56 3 59 1 d?h- [nah, 1779. c5 § |-j. Battle before Savan- 11 12m 4 53m 4 55m 4 56m 4 58m i 10 11 53 sets. sets. sets. sets. sets. ? stationary. 19//i S. after Tr. 1] 45 a 6 3a. 6 6a. 6 loa. 6 19a. 6 24a. dD ?, d Dh- 12 1 37 G 31 6 35 6 40 6 54 7 13 2 32 7 ' 7 12 7 19 7 36 7 44 J! Canova died, 1822. 14 3 31 7 52 7 59 8 6 8 20 8 35 15 4 33 8 47 8 54 : 10 la. 9 2 10 9a. 9 23 9 33 20|< D i/^-'ts.. America discovered, 21 10 1 2 51 2 53 2 56 3 1 3 4 Inf. d f?0. [1492, N. S. 22 10 46 ' rises. rises. rises. 4 56a. riics. 5 2a. rises. >|C ]) 0^. 2Ut Su7id. after Trin. 11 3ia. ^ 4 53a. 4 54a. j 5 sa. 24 8 5 14 5 17 1 5 21 5 30 5 34 ]) eclipsed, invisible in U. St-ates. 25 16m 5 39 5 43 5 48 6 1 6 7 Philadelphia settled, 1682. 26 1 2 6 8 6 13 1 6 20 6 36 6 43 27 1 51 6 43 6 49 6 57 7 16 7 24 28 2 41 7 25 7 32 1 7 40 •S 1 8 10 Battle of While Plains, 1776. 29 3 32 8 13 8 20 8 29 8 50 8 59 9 53a. St. Simon and St. Jude. 5 stationary. 22d S. after Tr. 4 23in , 9 9a. 9 I6a. 9 24a. 9 44a. 31 5 14 I 10 10 10 16 10 23 1 41 49 I dhO- 30 November, Eleventh Month, begins on Tuesday. [1836. Twilight begins and enils. iMeun time. 1st day. 7th day. i\ 13lli day. Begins. Ends. 1. m. h. m. 19th day. 25th (lay. Begins. Ends, h. m. h. in. Begins. Ends, j h. 111. h. m. j Begins. Ends, h. m. h. m. i Begins.] Ends, h. 111. h. 111. Boston, 4 58m. 6 30 a. 5 5m. 6 23 a. 5 nm. 6 i8 a. 5 17m. 6 14 a. 3 23m. 'g 11 a. N. York , 4 57 6 31 5 4 6 24 '5 10 6 19 5 15 6 16 5 21 '6 13 Wiisli. 4 57 6 31 5 3 6 25 ' 5 8 6 21 5 13 18 5 19 '6 13 Chark'S 4 54 6 34 ,4 59 6 29 j 5 3 6 25 6 7 .6 23 ||5 12 6 22 N. Orl's • 4 53 6 35 |4 55 6 21 i 5 1 6 28 5 5 '6 26 |{S 9 6 26 Perigee and Apogee of the Moon. Perigee, 11th, 61i. M. | Apogee, 2Tth, 5li. M. Phases of ihe J\l(wn. Last auatter, 1st day, 9h. 30.9in. M. First Uuaiter, 15th day. Oh. 4-2.6m. A. New Moon, 8th " 8 26.4 A. Full Moon, 23d " 29.5 M. c o o EX. >. c ji Sun's upper limb rises and sets, ^cor. for redact.) M. T. 1 High water. M. time. o , > 1 " \ o m >. a c3 ^_ i c o tn a pa 3 > 6 c « . IK c a S 6 2 CO 2 c h ■ia-e-. ' 1. ra. set'. h. m. rises.' sets. h. m. h. m. rises. h. m sets. 1 11. m. rises. h. m. sets. 1. 111. rises. j li. m.| sets. 1. m. b. m. li. m. h. m. 1 Til. 5 33 4 55 6 29 4 59 6 27 5 1 6 16 3 11 6 14 ' 5 14 3 47m 1 26m . . . 2 W. 34 54 30 58 28 5 17 10; 15 13 4 45 2 24 45m 3 Th. 35 53 31 57 29 4 oS 18 9' 16 12 6 4 3 43 2 4 4 F. 36 51 32 56 30 58 19 8 17- 11 7 22 6 1 3 22 5 6 S. 38 50 34 54 31 57 20 8 17 11 8 33 6 12 4 33 3 39 4 49 G 35 4 53 6 32 4 56 6 21 5 7 6 18 5 10 9 27 m 7 6m 5 27m 7 .\I. 40 48 36 51 33 55 22 6 19 9 10 6 7 45 6 6 8 Tu. 4i 46 38 1 50 33 54 23 6 20 9 10 43 8 22 6 43 9 \V. 43 45 39 49 36 53 24 4 20 8 ,11 21 9 7 21 10 Th. 44 44 40 48 37 52 25 : 3 21 8 la. 9 40 8 1 11 F. 46 43 42 47 39 51 26 3 22 7 42 10 21 8 42 12 13 S. Su. 47 6 48 4-2 43 46 40 6 41 50 27 2 3 1 23 6 24 6 I 28 11 7 9 23 10 nm 4 41 6 44 4 45 4 49 6 28 5 6 2 na. 11 sem 14 M. 50 40 46 44 42 43 29 I 25 6 3 13 52a. U 13 15 Tu. 51 39 47 43 43 47 30 3 26 4 4 14 1 53 14a. 16 \V. 52 38 48 42 44 46 31 4 59 26 4 5 29 3 8 1 29 17 Th. 53 37 49 41 43 46 32 59 27 3 6 51 4 30 2 51 18 F. 54 36 50 40 46 45 33 53 23 2 8 5 5 44 4 5 19 20 S. Su. 53 6 57 35 51 6 53 39 47 44 34 57 29 2 6 1 9 6 6 45 5 6 4 35 4 39 6 4& 4 44 6 35 4 57 6 29 9 56a. 7 35a. 5 06a. 21 M. 53 34 64 38 49 43 36 56 30 1 .10 36 8 15 6 36 22 Tu 6 59 33 55 37 50 42 37 56 31 1 11 10 8 49 7 10 23 \v^ 7 32 56 36 51 42 33 56 32 1 11 44 9 23 7 44 24 Th. 2 32 57 36 52 41 38 65 33 . . . 9 57 8 IS 25 F. 3 31 68 35 53 41 39 55 34 18m 10 30 S 61 26 27 S. Sa. 4 7 5 30 4 30 6 59 7 34 54 41 40 55 34 51 U 5 11 4ia. 9 26 4 34 6 55 4 41 6 41 4 65 6 35 5 1 26m 10 2a. ■li. sM. 6 29 1 1 33 56 40 42 65 36 2 2 . . . 10 40 2« ► Tu. 8 29 3 1 33 57 40 43 53 37 2 40 19m 11 25 U )W.l 9 29 4 i 33 53 40 44 55 38 3 23 1 4a- . . . 1836.] November has Thirtti Dnif.<. 31 Pas^iige ot'liie Meriiliun (mean tune) aii-» a Moon Souths. Mean Time. h. m. 1 6 3m. 2 6 60 3 7 55 4 8 19 5 9 3 iS. 9 48m. 7 10 35 8 11 25 9 19a. 10 1 19 11 2 22 12 3 27 i'. 4 30a. 14 5 29 15 6 23 16 7 13 17 7 59 18 8 44 19 S. 9 28 10 12a. 21 10 57 22 11 44 23 8 24 33 m 25 1 24 26 2 16 Moon rises or sets. Mean time. K rises. h. m. 19nj 1 26 2 33 3 42m 4 53 sets. 5 4a. 5 44 6 37 7 42 ' 8 56a. |10 13 'a 29 42111 1 62 3 1 1 24 : 2 16 1 3 7m. 3 56 ', 4 43 5 28 4 8ni rises. 4 9a. 4 40 5 20 6 6 7 7 59a 9 1 10 5 11 9 6 = J6 o >H z: ^ rises. rises. 1. m. h. m. 1 11 19a. 11 25a.' o 23m 1 28 2 34 3 42m 4 51 sets. 5 9a. 5 50 6 44 7 49 9 2a. 10 18 11 33 4im 1 53 3 1 4 6m rises. 4 14a. 4 46 5 27 6 13 7 7 5a. 6 9 13 2sm 1 32 2 36 3 42m 4 50 set;. 5 16a. 5 57 6 52 7 57 rises. h. m. 11 40a. 40m 1 40 2 41 9 9a. 10 24 11 37 47m 1 66 3 1 4 6m rises. 4 20a 4 53 6 34 6 21 7 15 3 43m 4 56 sets. 5 3ia. 6 17 7 13 8 IS 9 28a 10 40 U 49 54m 1 58 3 3 59m rises. 4 35a. 5 10 5 54 6 43 7 36 S 13a. 9 13 10 14 11 16 8 3ia 9 29 10 28 11 26 0f; D oH . 25 9 a. 5 35m. 6 9 a. i5 40m. 6 8 a.; 6 43m . 6 10 a. 6 46m.6 I4a.{ N. York, 5 27 ( i 11 5 33 6 11 5 37 6 11 5 41 6 13 |6 44 |6 16 Wash. 5 25 'c ) 13 5 30 6 14 5 34 6 14 ,5 38 6 16 :6 41 le 19 Charles. 5 17 e 21 5 22 6 32 j5 26 6 23 i 6 29 6 25 6 32 6 38 N. Orl'3. 5 13 e 25 5 18 6 26 5 24 6 27 5 26 |6 29 j5 23 6 32 Perigee and Apogee of tlic Moon. Perigee, 9lh, llli. M. | Apogee, 2-llh, 7h. A. Phases of the Moon. Last Quarter, 1st day, 5h. 4.0m. j'l. Full Moon, 22d day, 7h. 7.3m. A. KewMoon, 8th " 7 51.7 M. Last Quarter, 30th " lU 40.2 A. First Quarter, 14th '< 10 43.7 A. c o S o 03 a Q 1 Cm o on >^ a a g un's upper limb rises and sets, (cor. for refract.) M. T. High water. M. time. ^ ■a o en O ca 3 > 6 O St. Louis 1 6 2 8 3 11 o 3 o Mobile 1 12 2 14 3 17 Or* M Nashville 1 17 2 19 3 22 CD I) 2 g New Haven 2 13 3 15 4 18 y ^ —1 ^ New Orleans . 1 4 2 6 3 9 a» New York . 2 8 3 10 4 13 t« M Norfolk . 1 59 3 1 . 4 4 o ^H Philadelphia 2 4 3 6 4 9 c o Pittsburg , 1 44 2 46 3 49 f< TS Portland 2 23 3 25 4 28 a V X Portsmouth, N. H. 2 21 3 23 4 26 0) .^ Providence , 2 19 3 21 4 24 s u Raleigh . 1 49 2 51 3 54 01 Richmond . 1 55 2 57 4 :& Savannah 1 40 2 42 3 45 a Washington 1 56 2 58 4 1 ^ II. Sunday, May 15th, The Sun annularly eclipsed, visible through- out the United States. Phases of the General Eclipse. At 5h. 58.4m. M. (Mean time at Washington) the Moon's penumbra will first touch the Earth at sunrise, or Uie General Eclipse will begin, at the place in South America whose Latitude is 2'^ 9' S. and Longi- tude 76° 51' W. At lOh. 48.4m. M. (M. T. at Washington) the Moon's Penumbra will leave the Earth at sunset, or the General Eclipse will end, at the place in the Mediterranean, situated in Lat. 35° 11' N., and Long. 28° 50' E. Hence the duration of the entire Eclipse for the whole Earth will be 4h. 50.0m. 1836.] ECLIPSE OF MAY 15tH. 35 Path of the Central Eclipse For evejnj minute, whilst passing from the place in the Pacific Ocean where it strikes the Earth, to the Turk's Islands, in the West Indies, and from the Northwest extremity of Ireland, to the place where it leaves tlie Earth, in Tartary, near the Caspian Sea ; and for every fifth minute whilst crossing the Atlantic Ocean, or during the remainder of the time of its continuance on the Earth. Pacific Ocean near Mexico. Sun rises cent, eclip. " centrally eclipsed Sun centrally eclipsed at | 7 Mean time at +\Vasli- in;;ton. h. m s. at 7 9 41 M. at 9 53 10 53 11 53 Mean lime at the place. h. m. 3. 5 44 56 M. 58 49 6 i:i 10 23 38 Republic of Mexico. , Latitude of the place. °7 57.0 N. 8 35.8 10 29.2 11 3.3.4 19 53 M. 6 31 56 M. 12 96.7 N. 87 IG.OVV 13 .'53 38 58 13 19.9 85 45.4 14 53 45 9 13 54.2 84 27.7 15 53 50 45 14 32.8 83 18.7 16 53 55 57 15 8.8 82 15.7 Longhode of the place. 98 ]3'.0 W. 94 47.7 91 27.5 89 5.5 Sun centrally eclipsed at Caribbean Sea. 17 53 M. 7 .50 .M. 15 43.3 N. 81 17.5 W 18 53 5 25 10 10.1 80 23.7 19 53 9 45 47.5 79 .33.8 20 53 13 51 17 17.7 78 47.2 Island of .faiiiaica. Sun centrally eclipsed Qt I 7 21 .W M. u n 22 53 7 17 46 M. 21 34 17 46.8 N. 18 15.3 3.5 W. 21.4 Sea between Jamaica and Cuba. Sun centrally eclipsed at 1 7 23 .53 M. 'f " 24 53 25 15 M. 28 49 18 43 N. 19 lO.O Southeasterly extrcmitij of Cuba. Sun centrally eclipsed at I 7 25 53 M. 26 53 7 32 16 M. 35 37 19 3C.4N. 20 2.1 41.2 W. 2.8 75 74 Small Islands JVortheast of the eastern extremity of Culm. Sun centrally eclipsed at 7 27 .53 M. 28 53 29 53 30 53 7 .38 54 M. 42 6 45 13 48 17 20 27.3 N. 52.2 21 16.5 40.2 20.0 W. 50.7 16.6 W. 43.6 11.7 40.8 * The corresponding times at any otiier place can he easily ascertained hy adding to, or suhtracting from, the times in this column, the lon;;itu(le of the place fruni Washhig- ton, according as tiio place is Kast or West of iJMt city. For Greenwich itild 5h. 8m. 7s. ; for Edinburgh add 4h. 55m. 24s. ; for Uoston add 2;ini. 5Is. ; for Now York add 12m. 3s. ; for I'hiUdolpliia add 7m. 23s. ; for Baltimore add Im. 30s. ; for Charleston subtract Urn. 438. ; for Cincinnati subtract 2an). 4l8. ; for -New Orleans mbtract 52m. 20s. 36 ECLIPSE OF MAT 15tH. [1836. Atlantic Ocean. Sun centrally eclipsed at (I (t M (C 7 25 8 38 9 59 2 34 8 10 80 o 7 16 8 27 9 47 2 31 7 58 86 e 6 59 8 5 9 17 2 18 7 10 90 o 7 29 8 41 10 3 2 34 8 3 88 6 40 7 49 9 A 2 24 8 80 6 49 7 58 9 15 2 26 7 48 S3 6 22 7 34 8 48 2 26 8 50 74 7 27 8 39 10 1 2 34 8 5 87 7 19 8 31 9 51 2 32 7 55 88 7 6 8 17 9 35 2 29 7 53 86 7 22 6 36 9 65 2 33 1 8 ! 87 Tho above are expressed in mean time of the respective places. 183G.] ECLIPSES OF OCTOBER 24tH A>'D NOVEMBER 8tH. 45 III. Monday, October 24tli, a partial eclipse of tlie Moon, invisible throughout tlie United States. h. m. Beginning of the Eclipse . . . I '-^^.^^^ )Metin T\me at Gieatest Obscuration . . . ' ^ > Washington. End of the Eclipse .... 8 42 ) ^ Digits eclipsed 1° 10' on the Moon's Northern limb. At Jefl'erson, Missouri, (the most western city of the United States,) the Eclipse will begin about a quarter of an hour after the rising of the Sun, and of course after the setting of the Moon. IV. Tuesday, November 8th, the Sun totally eclipsed ; invisible throughout the United States. The General Eclipse begins on the Earth at 5h. 4C.3m. A. (Mean Time at Washington) 4n Lat. 2° 0' N. Long. 102° 57' E. The Central Eclipse begins on the Earth at Gh. 51.0m. A., in Lat. 9° 32' S. Long. 83° 24' E. The Sun centrally and totally eclipsed at noon, at 8h. 43.9m. A., in Lat.* 52° 9.8' S. Long. 148° 1.1' E. The Central Eclipse leaves the Earth at 9h. 51 Im. A., in Lat. 51° 10' S. Long. 110° 45' VV. The General Eclipse ends on the Earth at lOh. 55.1m. A. (Mean Time at Washington) in Lat. 40° 13' S. Long. 140"^ 0' W. Hence the duration of the entire Eclipse for the whole Eartli will be 5h. 8.Sm. With the exception of a small part of the southern extremity of Siam, the Eclipse will be invisible throughout the continents of Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. The Eclipse will be visible in the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, &c., and also throughout the continent of Australia, in part of which it will also be central ; being the only land to which the Sun will be totally eclipsed. * The point where the Eclipse will be central at noon, can be determined more easily, and witli greater precision, than any other of the phenomena of the General EcJipse. It is therefore singular that the Latitude of this point in this Eclipse should be stated erroneously both in the English " Naulicil Almanac," and in the celebrated Berlin Ephtmeria. In the former it ia 52^ 4' S. ; in the latter 46° 43' S. The error of tho former is small and of no consequence, but that of the latter is so great, that it must be considered an error of the press. Jn the " Cunnaissance des Terns," the Latitude ia put down 52° South ; but the Longitude is wrong by upwards of 4 degrees, being stated as 150° East of Paris, or 152° 20' East of Greenwich. The same Almanac informs us that the magnitude of the Eclipse of the 15lh of May will, at Paris, bo 4 digits and a bfllf, which is about one half only of the real magnitude. 46 OCCULTATIONS. OCCULTATIONS. [1836. The following table contains a list of those conjunctions of the Moon with stars of not less than the sixth magnitude which may prove to be occultations in some part of the United States ; also the mean time (at Washington) of the conjunctions in Right Ascension, reckoned, according to the manner of astronomers, from noon to noon. It will be noticed that Mars may be eclipsed once, but no other planet or star of the first or second magnitudes, in the year 1836. Conjunc- tion in A. R. Jan. 6! 12 12 28 Feb. 3 5 7 8 12 20 March 1 4 6 8 April 1 2 4 5 7 28 30 May 2 22 25 27 29 30 June 10 h. m. 18 55 13 13 9 1 6 6 8 14 8 42 11 19 12 16 45 3 33 9 11 12 19 10 31 16 46 10 29 18 14 12 59 18 16 12 20 7 6 17 42 7 34 11 12 16 56 14 36 8 21 12 15 14 Star's Star's 1 Name. Magnitude. vn 3.4 a' -^ 6 a^-r^ 3 243 y 6 , 42^ 6 1 hn 5.6 mm 5.6 a?zO: 3 ! Vt 4.5 i « S2 5 i ->Sl 3.4 y'n 4 ^w 4 g Oph. 5 ^nj 4.5 xirp 4 (5ni 3 A Oph. 4.5 T/ 4 r'W 4 a^d:= 3 g Oph. 5 hSl 3.4 y' m 4 ;. iri) 4 s ni 3 A Oph. 4^ Mars Conjunc- Star's Star's tion in Name. Magni- A. R. tude. h. m. June 28 14 26 T / 4 29 9 a / 5.6 July 5 14 40 /<23 5 19 7 43 y'W 4 24 8 55 A Oph. 4.5 27 8 11 170 Vf 6 Aug. 5 14 50 t^'B 5 19 10 48 ^ 5 23 9 30 oH 5 Nov. 2 13 10 4-^n 6 11 6 44 359/ 5 12 4 12 T / 4 16 13 15 1^2 :«, 5 16 13 46 rf'^ 5 19 16 21 H 5 21 9 33 53 cp 6 22 12 56 A'y 5 29 13 55 ';. Angle of the somiconjugate a.xis of the ring ellipse with the circle of declination, positive when east, negative when west. I. Angle of elevation of the Earth above the plane of the rings as seen from Saturn, positive when north, negative when south. a. Semilransverse axis of the rings. b. Semiconjugate axis of the rings ; positive when their northern surface is visible, negative when their southern. 71. Longitude of the Earth as seen from Saturn, reckoned on the plane of tlie rings and from their ascending node in the equator. u'. The same longitude reckoned from their ascending node in the ecliptic. %* It has been recently discovered, that Saturn is not placed exactly in the centre of the rings. This singular circumstance was for some time considered an optical illusion, occasioned by the shadow of the J 836.] LIBRATION OF THE IMOON'? DISC, &.C. 49 planet on the ring; but Professor Struve lias ascertained, with the celebrated Dorpat telescope, that the rings are actually eccentric. The eccentricity is, however, too small to be perceived by anv other than the very best and most powerlul telescopes. ►3 Table, showing the Mean Time (rt W .-A ngton) of the gewtest Libra- tivn of the Moons a-ppannt D sc. h. m. 4 7 SE. 16 29 SW. 19 22 SE. " 18 15 11 SW. March 2 1836. d. Jan. 9 " 21 Feb. 4 1835. d. h. m. May 9 58 S' . '• 24 15 34 SE. June 5 21 (J SW. Oct " 21 20 18 SK. " 3 AG SE. July 4 55 SW. Nov " IG 21 33 SW. " 19 20 44 SK. " 29 J3 10 SE. JAug. 1 5 32 SW. Dec April 12 4 18 SW. j " 16 G 23 S::. " •' 2o 11 38 SE. I " 29 G 37 SW. " 183G. d. h. m. Sept. 11 14 7 SE. 25 22 55 SW. 8 8 40 SE. 22 20 35 SW. 5 21 SE. 18 1 7 SW. 3 3 24 .'^E. 15 9 41 SW. 31 10 59 SE. " The Moon's Libration is here supposed to take : ace in the plane of her orbit, and by the Time of the greatest Libration of her apparent Disc is to be understood the instant hi which, an ob.^erver at the centre of the Earth, the variation of the Disc from its mean state has a tained its maximum. The right hand column indicates ihe quadrant of the Moon's Disc in which the Libration takes place, and in which the greatest change of the Moon's surface ,-. ii: become visible." A Table, shoicing the i'luminafed portion of the Discs of Venus and Mars. The following numbers ara the versed sines of the portion of their Discs, that to an observer on the E;irth, will appear illuminated; the ai)|)arr'nt diameter of the planets, at the time, being considered 1.0. To a spectator on the Earth, Mara appear-s most brilliant when in opposition to the Sun or nearest to the E^irth ; in which position he will not be until February, 1837. Venus appears most brilliant when her elongation is 45', and she is approaching to or receding from her inferior conjunction. She will, therefore, this year, appear most brilliant in the evening, about the 5th of June, and iu the morning about the 16th of September, about which time she may be seen without much didiculty, during the brightest sunsliine. Mars biing nean r to the Earth on the 31st of December than on any other day in 1836, will of course appear most brilliant at thort time. 183G. January February March April May June 15 14 15 15 15 15 Venus. 0911 0.850 0.7G8 0.654 0.508 0.299 Mars. 0.9!f8 993 0.984 0.973 0.9G0 0.945 1836. July 15 August 15 September 15 October 15 Noveml>er 15 December 15 Venus. (t.038 0.121 0.384 0.557 0.688 0.786 Mars. 0.9.i0 914 0.899 0.89O 0.894 0.922 50 TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. [1836. ♦LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL PLACES IN THE UNITED STATES, &c., WITH THEIR DISTANCE FROM THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. The Longitudes are reckoned from Greenvdch. The Capitals (Seats of Government) of the States and Territories are designated by Italic Letters. The Latitude of those places which are marked with a * has been de- termined by the Editor, from actual observations, recently made by himself, and may be relied on within a few seconds. The Latitude of the places marked with a t has recently been ascertained by others, and communicated for publication. The Longitude of the places marked with a * was computed by the Editor from the observations on the Annular Eclipse of the Sun in Feb- ruary, 1831, after correction for the errors of the Moon's place, as given by the tables of Damoiseau. The Longitude of those marked with a t was determined by the Editor by chronometers, by comparing the place in question with Washington, the University of Virginia, Phila- delphia, or Boston ; the position of which is supposed to be correctly ascertained. The Latitude and Longitude, however, of very many of the places in the following table, where no recent observations have been made, are to be considered only as rough approximations. Mhany (Capitol), Alexandria, Annapolis, Auburn, Augusta, Augusta (State House), Baltimore (Bat. Mon't), Bano-or (Court House), Barnstable (New C. H.), Batavia, Beaufort (Arsenal), Boston (State House), Bristol (Hotel), Brooklyn (Navy Yard), Brunswick (College), Buffalo, Cambridge (1st Con. Ch.] Caimlen, Canandaigua, Cape Cod (Light House), '. Latitude Longitude, West, Dist. from North. in degrees. in time, h. m. s. VVash'n. O 1 II O ( II miles. N. Y. ^-4-2 39 3 73 44 49 4 64 59.3 376 D.C. 38 49 77 4 5 8 16 6 Md. 39 76 43 5 6 52 37 N. Y. 42 55 76 28 5 5 52 339 Ga. 33 28 81 54 5 27 36 580 Me. *44 18 43 69 50 4 39 20 595 Md. *39 17 13 f 76 37 50 \5 6 31.3 38 Me. *44 47 50 68 47 4 35 S 661 Mass. *41 42 9 f 70 19 t4 41 16 466 N. Y. 42 59 78 13 6 12 52 370 S.C. *33 25 57 f 60 41 23 f 5 22 45.6 629 Mass. *42 21 15 71 4 9 4 44 16.6 432 R. L *41 39 68 71 19 4 45 36 409 N. Y. 40 41 50 *73 59 30 *4 55 53 227 Me. 43 53 69 55 1 4 39 40.1 563 N. Y. 42 53 78 55 5 15 40 376 ),M3. *42 22 22 t71 7 25 t4 44 29.7 431 S. C. 34 17 80 30 5 22 12 467 N. Y. 42 54 77 17 5 9 8 336 Mass. *42 2 16 70 4 4 40 16 507 * See the remarks on this table in the Preliminary Observations, 1836.] TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. Latitude | Longitude, West, North. )in degrees. in time. Charleston (St.Mich's Ch) S.C. Cliarle$to\vn(Navy YM), Mass. Cincinnati, . . Ohio, Cohnnbia, . . S. C. Columbus, . . . Ohio, Concord (State House), N. U. Dedham (1st Cong. Ch.), Mass. Detroit, . . . ' Mich.] 42 24 Dorchester (Ast. Obs.), Mass t42 19 lo Dover, . . . Del. 39 10 Dover, . . . N. H. 43 13 Easton (Court House), Md. *38 46 10 Eastport, . . . Me. 44 34 Edenton, . . N. C. 36 Exeter, . . . N. H. 42 as Frankfort, . . Ky. 3S 14 Fredericksburg, . Va. 3S 34 Frederickton, . N. B. 46 3 Frederii.-kstovvn, . Md. 39 24 Georgetown, . . S. C. 33 21 Gloucester (Hotel), Mass. *42 36 45 Greenfield, . . Mass. 42 37 Hagerstown, . . Md. 39 37 Halifax, . . N. S. t44 39 20 Hallowell, . . Me. 44 n Harrisburg, . . Pa. 40 16 Hartford, . . . Conn. 41 46 Hudson, . . N. Y. 42 i4 Huntsville, . . Ala. 34 36 Indianapolis, . Ind. 39 55 Jackson, . . . M'pi. 32 23 Jefferson, . . M'ri. 38 36 Kennebunk, . . Me 43 25 Kingston, . . U. C. 44 8 Knoxville, . . Tenn. 35 59 Lancaster, . . Pa. 40 2 36 Lexington, . . Ky. 38 6 Little Rock, . . Ark. 34 40 Lockport, . . N. Y. 43 11 Louisville, . . Ky. 3S 3 Lowell (St. Ann's Ch.), Mass. *42 33 45 Lynchburg, . . Va. 37 36 Lynn, . . . Mass. 42 23 Marblehead, . . Mass. 42 30 Middletown, . . Conn. 41 34 Milledffeville, . . Ga. 33 7 Mobile, . . . Ala. 30 40 J\Iontpelier, . . Vt. 44 17 Mononioy Point light, Mass. *4] 33 30 o , ,, o . .. ! ''• "'• S. .32 46 33 779 57 27 f 5 19 49.S 42 22 71 3 33 , 4 44 14.2 39 6 64 27 ,6 37 43 33 57 81 7 ,5 24 28 39 47 83 3 5 32 12 *43 12 29 ' 71 29 4 45 66 *42 14 50 t'71 10 45 f4 44 43 22 82 53 71 4 75 30 70 54 76 8 I 66 56 I 77 7 70 55 SI 40 j 77 38 ' 60 45 77 18 79 17 70 40 72 36 77 35 *63 36 40 69 50 76 50 72 50 73 46 86 57 86 5 90 8 92 3 70 32 76 40 83 54 76 20 33 84 18 92 12 78 46 85 30 I 71 18 45 79 22 70 57 70 62 72 39 83 20 88 11 72 36 5 31 52 4 44 17.5 5 2 4 43 36 5 4 32 27 44 28 28 43 40 33 40 10 32 27 9 12 17 8 42 40 50 24 10 20 4 14 26.7 4 39 30 5 7 20 4 51 20 4 55 4 5 47 43 5 44 20 6 32 8 32 42 8 6 40 35 36 6 22.2 37 12 8 48 15 4 51 Dist. from Wiish'n. 5 42 t 1 45 15 6 17 2S 4 43 48 4 43 28 4 50 36 6 33 20 5 52 44 4 50 24 *70 31 *4 40 2.1 miles. 544 433 497 500 396 474 422 526 432 1]4 490 80 778 234 474 551 56 43 482 462 396 63 936 593 110 335 345 726 573 1035 980 518 456 516 109 634 1068 403 590 439 198 441 450 325 642 1033 534 600 % UNIVERSITY OF 5a TABLE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. Montreal, . . L. C. Nantucket (Town Hall), Mass, JVashville (University), 'J'enn. Natchez (Castle), . M'pi. Newark, . . . N. J. New Bedford, Mar's. Ch.)Mass. Newbern, \ . N. C. Newburg, . . N. Y. Nevvburyport, (2d Pres. C), Ms. Newcastle, . . Del. .Al'jc Hdven (College), Conn. New London, . . Conn. JSTew 0/-;ea«s (City Hail), La. JVtwpGrt, . . R. I. New York (City Hall), N. Y. Norfolk, (Farmer's Bank), Va. Northampton (1st C. Ch.) Mass. Norwich, . . Conn. Pensacola, . . Fa. Petersburg, . . Va. Philadelphia (Ind'ceH.), Pa. Pittsburgh, . . Pa. Pittsfield (1st Con. Ch.), Mass. Plattsburgh, . . N. Y. Plymouth"(Court H.), Mass. Portland (Town H.), . Me. Portsmouth (Court H.), N. H. Poughkeepsie, . . N. Y. Princeton, . . N. J. Providence (Old College),R. L Quebec, (Castle), . L. C. Raleigh, . . N. C Richmond, (Capitol), Va. Rochester (R'r House), N. Y. Sable (Cape), . . Fa. Sackett's Harbour, N. Y Saco, . . . Mo. St. Augustine, . . Fa. St. Louis, . . M'ri. Salem, (E I.M.Hall), Mass Savannah (Exchange), Ga. Schenectady, . N. Y, Springfiehi (Court H.), Mass Stratford, . . Conn TaUahnsse, . . Fa. Taunton (Court H.), Mass Toronto or York, ; U. C. Trenton, . . . N. J. Troy, . . . N. Y. Latitude North. 4.D 31 *41 16 32 f 36 9 33 31 34 40 45 Longitude, West, in degrwea., in time. *, 73 35 70 7 4-2' 86 49 3j 91 24 421 74 10 *41 38 7 f70 56 o' f 4 «t 44 35 20 41 31 *42 48 29 39 40 t41 17 58 41 22 f 29 57 45 41 29 40 42 40 *36 50 50 *42 19 5 41 33 30 28 37 13 54 39 56 59 40 32 42 26 59 44 42 *41 57 30 *43 39 20 *43 4 54 41 41 40 22 *41 49 25 46 47 17 35 47 77 5 74 1 f 70 52 75 33 72 57 46 72 9 ^90 6 49 71 21 14 74 1 8 f 76 18 47 72 40 72 7 87 12 77 20 * 5 8 21) 4 56 4 t4 43 28 6 2 8 4 51 51.1 4 48 36 *6 273 4 45 24.9 *4 56 4.5 *. * 30 8 73 17 30 73 26 t 70 40 4c 70 20 30 70 45 73 55 74 35 *71 25 56 70 56 31 78 48 *37 32 17J t77 26 28 *43 8 17| 77 61 # 24 50 43 55 43 31 29 48 30 38 36 42 31 19 *32 4 66 42 48 *42 6 58 ' f41 11 7 30 28 *41 54 9, 43 33 40 14 42 44 81 15 75 57 70 26 81 35 89 36 *70 54 fsi 7 9 73 65 72 36 73 8 45 84 36 t71 SO 79 20 74 89 I 73 40 5 15.1 4 50 40 4 48 28 5 48 48 5 9 20 *5 43.9 6 20 32 4 53 10 4 53 44 f 4 42 43 4 41 22 4 43 4 55 40 4 53 20 *4 45 43.7 4 43 46.1 5 15 12 f5 9 49.9 5 11 24 6 25 5 3 48 4 41 44 5 26 20 5 58 24 t*4 43 36 t 5 24 28 6 4 55 40 4 60 24 4 52 35 5 38 24 t4 44 20 5 17 20 4 58 36 4 54 40 [!836. Dist. from Wasli'n. li. m. s. 4 54 20 *4 40 30.8 : *5 47 16.2 6 5 3S.8 4 56 40 miles. 601 500 714 1146 215 429 337 282 466 103 301 354 1203 403 226 217 376 362 1050 144 136 223 380 539 439 642 491 .301 177 394 781 286 122 861 407 528 841 S56 446 662 391 3-5T 291 896 416 SCO 166 383 1836.] INCREASE OF SIDEREAL TIME. Tuscaloosa, University of Virginia, Utica (Dutch Church), Van da Ha, Vevay, Vinuennes, Washington, (Capitol,) Washington, Wheeling, Wilmington, Wilmington, . Worcester (Ant. Hall), . York, . . . York, Latitude North. Longitude, West, in decrees. in time. 33 12 87 42 h. ni. s. 5 50 48 t38 2 3 *78 31 29 *5 14 5.9 *43 6 49 75 13 5 52 38 50 89 2 5 56 8 38 46 84 59 5 39 56 38 43 87 25 5 49 40 *33 52 54 *77 1 48 *5 8 7.2 31 36 91 20 6 5 20 40 7 80 42 5 22 48 39 41 75 28 5 I 52 34 11 78 10 5 12 40 *42 16 12 t71 48 1 4 47 12 43 10 70 40 4 42 40 39 58 76 40 5 6 40 53 Dist. from Wash'n. miles. 858 124 383 731 556 693 1146 264 108 416 394 500 87 INCREASE OF SIDEREAL TIME IN MEAN SOLAR HOURS, &c. Incr. Increase. Hours. 111. sec. 1 9.857 2 19.713 3 29.569 4 39.426 6 49.282 i 6 59.139 1 1 8.995 8 18.852 9 28.708 10 38.565 U 48.421 12 58.273 13 2 8.134 14 17.991 15 27.847 16 37.704 17 47.560 18 57.417 19 3 7.273 20 17.130 21 26.986 22 36.842 23 46.699 24 56..555 i Daily tion in pa mcrid accelera- of a star 9«ing the ' ian. m. 3 sec. 55.9095 Incr. Min. — 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 5» sec. 0.164 329 493 657 821 986 1.150 314 479 643 807 971 2.136 300 464 628 793 957 3.121 286 450 614 778 943 4.107 271 435 600 764 ! 923 i Min. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 33 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 .59 60 sec. 5.093 257 421 585 750 914 6.078 242 407 571 735 900 7.064 228 392 557 721 8S5 8.050 214 378 542 707 671 9.035 193 364 528 692 667 Incr. Incr. Sec. Sec. sec. sec. 1 0.003 31 0.085 2 006 32 083 3 008 33 090 4 Oil 34 093 5 014 35 096 6 016 3b 099 7 019 37 101 8 022 38 104 9 025 39 107 10 027 40 110 11 030 41 112 12 033 42 115 13 036 43 113 14 038 44 121 15 041 45 123 16 044 46 126 17 047 47 129 18 049 48 131 19 052 49 134 20 055 50 137 21 053 51 140 22 060 52 142 23 063 53 145 24 066 54 148 25 069 55 151 26 071 56 153 27 074 67 156 28 077 53 159 29 079 69 162 30 032 60 164 54 EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN. Jl' mextn noon at Greenwich. [1836. JAMUARV. KEBUUAKV. 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Hvrni Diam 16 17.30 17.29 17.26 17.^0 17.13 17.04 16.92 16.79 16.64 16.47 10.28 16.07 15.34 15.59 15.32 15.64 I fc). ID. culm, m. sec. 1 10.85 10.76 10.65 10.53 10.39 10.23 10.07 9.89 9.70 9.50 9.29 9.08 8.86 8.64 8.42 8.18 U. Sevai Uiuiii. m Ch, C r-. o -> N I- 2 4 6| 8' 10 12 14! lej 18: 20 22 24 26 28: 30 16 14.74 14.43 14.10 13.74 13.37 13.00 12.61 12.20 11.78 11.35 10.91 10.45 9.93 9.50 9.01 !5. I), culm, m. sec. 1 7 95 7.72 7.49 7.26 7.04 6.82 6 60 6.39 6.19 6.99 5.S0 5.62 5.45 529 5.14 •5 "^ s "; m 00 A-" -^ -^ « — •" -o -roo <-. (M 2 » = CO S •" ^^ ° - S5 " D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Declination South. 23 4 15.8 22 59 21.4 22 53 59.4 22 48 10.1 22 41 53.8 22 35 10.5 22 28 0.5 22 20 23.9 22 12 21.0 22 3 51.9 21 54 57.0 21 45 36 4 21 35 50.4 21 25 39.3 21 15 3.5 21 4 3.1 20 52 38.5 20 40 60.1 20 28 38.2 20 16 3.0 28, 18 29 18 30 17 31 17 3 6.0 49 44.6 36 2.0 21 57.7 7 32.0 62 45.4 37 3S.2 22 10-8 6 23.7 60 17.1 33 51.7 Equal, of T. to be addftd to Appar. Time. m. sec. 3 34.91 4 3.25 4 31.26 4 58.88 5 26 U 5 52.93 6 19.29 6 45.20 7 10.60 7 35.50 7 69.85 8 23.64 8 46.84 9 9.43 9 31 40 9 52.70 10 13.33 10 33.27 10 52.47 11 10.94 11 23.66 11 45.59 12 1.74 12 17.08 12 31.63 12 45.34 12 58.24 13 10.31 13 21.53 13 31.91 13 41.48 Sidereal Time, h. m. sec. 18 40 43.04 44 39.60 43 36.16 62 32.73 56 29.29 19 25.35 4 22.41 8 18.96 12 15.52 16 12.07 19 20 S.62 24 5.17 28 1.73 31 68.29 35 54.85 39 61.42 43 47.93 47 44.54 51 41.10 55 37.66 19 69 34.21 •0 3 30.76 7 27.31 11 23.87 15 20.42 19 16.93 23 13.53 27 10.09 31 6 05 35 3.22 38 59 73 D. 1 2 3 4 5 C 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 Declination South. 17 17 7.6 17 6.3 16 42 45.2 16 25 7.7 16 7 13.2 15 49 2.0 15 30 34.6 15 11 51.3 14 52 52.5 14 33 33.6 14 14 10.1 13 64 27.3 13 34 30.6 13 14 20.9 12 63 68.0 12 33 22.6 12 12 35.1 11 61 36.9 11 30 2-5.6 11 9 4.3 10 47 32.8 i 10 25 51.3 10 4 0.2 9 42 0.2 9 19 51.4 8 57 34.4 8 33 9.5 3 12 37.3 7 49 57.9 7 27 11.9 Kquat. of T. to be added to Jippar. Time, m. sec. 13 50.21 13 53.12 14 5.21 14 11.47 14 16.93 14 21.69 14 25.44 14 23.51 14 30. 30 14 32.32 14 33.07 14 33.06 14 32.30 14 30.79 14 28.54 14 25.57 14 21.87 14 17.45 14 12.32 14 6.51 14 0.01 13 52.84' 13 45.01 13 36 53 13 27.44 13 17.73 13 7.44 12 56.57 12 46.14 12 33.20 21 Sidereal Time, h. m. sec. 20 42 56.34 46 52.90 60 49.45 64 46.01 53 42.56 2 39.11 6 35.66 10 32.21 14 28.76 13 25.32 21 22 21.88 26 18.44 30 15.00 34 11.50 38 612 42 4.67 46 1.22 49 57.77 53 54.32 67 60.87 22 1 47.42 6 43.97 9 40.63 13 37.09 17 33.64 21 30.20 25 26.76 29 23.32 33 19.38 37 16.43 1836.] EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN. 55 At mean n " nat Greenwich. MAKCH. APRIL. D. ^emi Diam. S. D. culm. "* D.I Semi Diam. S. D. cuUii. 1 ;■ m. sec. S5 oo 1 1 1 m. sec. o 1 16 sioi 1 5.14 S 00 2 16 0.41 1 4.28 ■^ ■^ 3 S.51 5.01 - ♦^ 'en 4 15 69.86 4.32 L 5 8.00 4.S3 G 59.31 4.38 n 00 7 7.48 4.76 6 •*^ J 1 8 68.76 4.44 u "^ .=* 9 6. 7 4.6) Ik S3 10 58.21 4. 2 F^ ss 11 6.41 4.55 W -I' . — QO , 12 57.67 4.60 ^? ir 13 6.91 4.47 ! 2 - « £ « 14 67.14 4.70 %£ (£S 15 8.37 4.39 - - rr _(N 16 56.(1 4.80 ■SS —oo 17 19 4.83 429 433 4. 23 ^■-^ ah IS 20 56.09 55.57 4.91 5.03 21 3.74 4.25 22 55.05 6.16 ^■« 00 23 3.18 4.22 f t 24 54.55 5.30 25 S.63 4.21 r^ r 26 54.05 5.44 « 5 27 2.07 4.21 T s 2S 63.57 5.59 ?0 S 29 1.52 4.22 S ■ ^5 1 30 53.09 5.74 J= 31 0.96 4.24 32 62.63 6.90 o Equal, of T. Equat. of T. D Declination to be added to Sidereal D Declinatii n added to Jipp. Sidereal South. Appar. Time. Time. North. till 15th. Time. O 1 t i ni. sec. h. m. sei-. Of II m. sec. h. 111. s. 1 7 27 11.9 12 33.20 22 37 16.43 1 4 40 3.3 3 62.50 39 29.57 2 7 4 19.6 13 20.74 41 12.98 2 6 3 6.8 3 34.24 43 26.12 3 6 41 21.4 12 7.79 45 9.53 3 5 26 4.9 3 16.12 47 22.67 4j 6 IS 17.7 11 54.38 49 6.08 ' 4 5 48 57.4 2 53.16 51 19.23 5[ 5 55 S.6 11 40.53 .53 2.63 5 6 11 44.0 2 40.40 55 15.73 6 5 31 54.S 11 26.26 56 59.18 6 6 34 24.4 2 22.82 69 12.34 7 5 8 36.4 11 11.60 23 55.73 '' 7 6 56 58.1 2 5.48 1 3 8.90 8 4 45 13.9 10 56.56 4 52.28 8 7 19 249 1 48.37 7 6.46 Q 4 21 47.6 10 41.17 8 48.84 9 7 41 44.4 1 31.51 il 2.02 10 3 56 17.9 10 25.45 12 45.40 10 8 3 56.2 1 14.95 14 68.57 11. 3 34 45.2 10 9.41 23 16 41.96 11 8 26 0.0 58.68 1 13 55.12 12 3 11 9.8 9 53.08 20 33.52 12 8 47 55.6 42.71 22 51.67 13 2 47 32.3 9 36.48 24 35.07 13 9 9 42.4 27.06 26 48.22 14 2 23 52.7 9 19.61 28 31.63 14 9 31 20.3 -fo 11.75 30 44.77 15 2 11.7 9 2.51 32 28.13 jl5 9 52 43.7 — 3.21 84 41.32 16 1 36 29.6 S 45.20 36 24.73 16 10 14 7.4 17.81 33 37.87 17 1 12 46.8 9 27.67 40 21.28 17 10 35 16.0 32.05 42 34.43 18 49 3.6 8 9.96 , 44 17.82 18 10 56 14 1 45 89 46 30.98 19 25 20.5 7 52.08 1 48 14.37 19 11 17 1.5 59.34 60 27.64 20 1 37.9 7 34.04 62 10.92 20 11 37 37.5 1 12.40 54 24.10 North. 21 22 4.0 7 15.86 23 56 7.43 21 11 58 2.1 1 25 04 1 63 20.66 22 45 44.6 6 57.53 4.03 22 12 18 14.9 1 37.24 ! 2 2 17.2i» 23 1 9 23.7 6 39.19 4 0.59 23 12 38 15 5 1 49.02 6 13.78 24 1 33 0.7 6 20.71 7 S7.15 24 12 53 3.4 2 0.36 10 10.34 25 1 56 35.4 6 2.18 11 53.70 25 13 17 33.5 2 11.22 14 6.89 26 2 20 7.4 5 43.60 15 50.26 26 13 37 0.5 2 21.61 18 3.44 21 2 43 36.4 5 25.01 19 46.32 27 13 56 8.3 2 31.54 21 59.99 28 3 7 1.9 5 0.42 23 43.37 28 14 15 3 4 2 40.96 25 56.44 29 3 SO 23.7 4 47.84 27 39.93 29 14 33 43.9 2 49.37 29 63.09 3C 3 53 41.4 4 29.32 31 36.43 30 14 52 9.9 2 58.27 33 49.64 31 4 16 54.7 4 10.85 35 33.03 l31 15 10 21.3 3 6.14 37 46.20 56 EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN. At mean noon at Greenwich. [1836. MAY. JUNE. 1 D. Semi Dia.i S. D. culm. -• D. Semi Diam. S. D. culm. -• J ' ■' m. sec. n CD 1 i 1 m. sec. s 2 15 52.63 1 5.90 1 15 47.08 1 8.15 9 4 62.17 6.06 J= to 3 46.83 8.25 j=" L. 6 51.73 6.22 1 s ■^. \ CO oo 5 46.59 8.35 05 ^ 8 51.29 6.38 .2 -"" . J=' 7 46.37 8.43 c5 .^ 10 50.86 e.54 C.CO «o — r^ « CO 9 46.17 8.51 1"'^ si 12 60.46 6.71 S?' £-- 11 45.99 8.57 73 ~'^ 14 60.06 6.87 — 'S 'K 13 45.82 8.62 — s I^S 16 49.67 7.03 "5 — ao 15 45.66 8.66 18 49.29 7.19 -" 11 17 45.62 8.68 20 48.93 7.34 ■|fe %l 19 46.40 8.70 ,-^- NO 22 48.59 7.49 21 45.30 3.70 24 48.27 7.64 CO 23 45.21 8.68 26 47.95 7.78 S -=" 25 45.14 8.66 f- -i 28 47.64 7.91 h ° 27 45.09 8.62 oi c^ 30 47.35 8.03 j3 29 45.06 8.57 k 32 47.08 8.16 O 31 45.04 8.50 o Equal, of T. 1 1 Equat. of T. D. Declination lo be subtr. Sidereal D. Declination subt.fr. App. Sidereal North. fr. Ap. Time. Time. North. til. 15th. Time. O / It m. sec. h. in. sec. O 1 II m. sec. h. m. sec. 1 15 10 21.3 3 6.14 2 37 46.20 1 22 6 21.9 2 31.88 4 39 59.48 2 15 28 17.9 3 13.45 41 42.75 2 22 14 13.7 2 22.76 43 56.04 3 15 45 59.0 3 20.22 45 39 31 3 22 21 42.4 2 13.25 47 52.60 4 16 3 24.7 3 26.43 49 35.88 i 4 22 28 47.7 2 3.36 51 49.1G 5 16 20 34.6 3 32.05 63 32 44 i 5 22 36 29.6 I 53.11 55 45 72 6 16 37 28.3 3 37.11 67 29.00 6 22 41 47.8 1 42.51 59 42.27 7 16 64 5.6 3 41.53 3 1 25.66 7 22 47 42.2 1 31.57 5 3 38.82 8 17 10 20.2 3 45.45 5 22.11 8 22 63 12.7 1 20.33 7 35.38 9 17 26 29.7 3 48.74 9 18.67 {) 22 68 19.1 1 8.79 11 31.93 10 17 42 15.9 3 61.43 13 15.22 10 23 3 1.3 66.99 15 28 49 11 17 57 44.4 3 53.63 3 17 11.77 11 23 7 19.2 44.94 5 19 25.04 12 18.12 5o.0 S 65.04 21 8.32 12 23 11 12.8 32.69 23 21.60 13 18 27 47.3 3 65.96 25 4.87 V.i 23 14 41.8 20.24 27 18.17 14 15 18 42 21.0 18 66 359 3 56.30 3 66.05 29 1.43 32 67.98 14 15 23 17 46.3 23 20 26.1 _0 7.62 31 14.73 35 11.29 -\-0 6.13 16 19 10 31.6 3 55.24 36 54.54 16 23 22 41.2 17.99 39 7.86 17 19 24 7.8 3 53.86 40 51.11 17 23 24 31.5 30.93 43 4.42 18' 19 37 24.4 3 51.93 44 47.67 18 23 26 57.1 43.94 47 98 19 19 50 20.9 3 49.45 48 44.23 19 23 26 57.8 56.97 50 67.54 20 20 2 o7.1 3 46.43 62 40.79 20 23 27 33.0 1 9.99 54 54.09 21 20 15 12.S 3 42.88 3 56 37.36 21 23 27 44.6 1 22.98 5 68 50.65 22 20 27 7.6 3 38.83 4 33.91 22 23 27 30.8 1 35.95 6 2 47.20 23 20 38 41.4 3 34.27 4 30.47 23 23 26 52.1 1 48.84 6 43.75 24 20 49 63.8 3 29.21 8 27.02 24 23 25 48.6 2 1.63 10 40.31 25 21 44.8 3 23.65 12 23.57 25 23 24 20.4 2 14. 32 14 36.86 26 21 11 14. 3 17.61 16 20.12 26 23 22 27.6 2 26.S6 IS 33.42 :27, 21 21 21.2 3 11.12 20 16.68 27 23 20 10.1 2 39.24 22 29.99 |28| 21 31 6.3 3 4.15 24 13.23 28 23 17 28. 1 2 51.47 26 26.-55 29: 21 40 eo 1 2 56.74 28 9.79 29 23 14 21.6 3 3.49 30 23.12 30 21 49 29.4 2 48.88 32 6.35 30 23 10 60.8 3 15.31 34 19.63 31 21 58 7.1 2 40.59 36 2.91 31 23 6 65.7 3 26.90 38 16.24 1836.] EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN. ^t mean noon at Greenwich. JULY. AUGUST. 1 D. Semi Diam. S. D. culm. _. D Semi Diam S. D. culm. ^ • ,. m. sec. 2 1 II m. sec. 'J' 1 15 45.04 1 8.50 ^ s 16 47.22 1 6.29 i i 3 45.05 8.42 4 47.50 6.12 5 7 45.07 45.11 8.33 8.24 ! 47.79 43.10 6.95 6.78 "5 Oi 00 -^ ,^ 00 9 11 13 15 45.17 45.05 45.34 45.45 8.13 8.11 7.88 7.74 ■Z.-B ^. ic 12 il4 le 43.42 ! 48.76 49.12 49.48 6.61 6.45 6.29 6.14 •II l§, CS 15ao 17 19 '21 45.57 45.7-2 4-5.89 7.60 7.45 7.29 '■5 3 S: It 2C 22 49.86 50.25 50.65 4.99 4.85 4.73 ° c -- .t: r Noo S5 == •^•! 46.07 7.13 CX) 24 51.07 4.59 o^ ^ 25 46.26 6.97 2€ 1 51.50 4.43 00 21 46.47 6.60 s ^ 2? 51.94 4.37 s, & 29 46.70 6.63 .fj 3(] 52.39 4.27 Cl 31 46.95 G.46 o5 3-3 62.85 4.17 t D. Declination North. Equat. of T. to be added lu Appar. Time. Sidereal Time. D. Declination North. Eqiiat. of T. ((/ be added to Appar. Time. Sidereal Time. t M m. sec. Ii. ni. sec. O I It m. sec. h. m. sec. 1 23 6 55.7 3 26.90 6 38 16.24 1 17 58 33.1 5 68.59 8 40 29.51 2 23 2 36.3 3 38.24 42 12 80 2 17 43 18.3 5 54.64 44 26.06 3 22 57 52.9 3 49 33 46 9.35 3 n 27 41.1 5 50.10 48 22.62 4 22 52 45 5 4 0.14 60 5.90 4 17 11 46.8 5 45.00 62 19.17 5 22 47 14.1 4 10.64 54 2.46 5 16 55 35.6 5 39.31 56 15.73 6 22 41 19.0 4 20.33 67 59.01 6 16 39 7.9 6 33.04 9 12.29 7 22 35 0.2 4 30.69 7 1 55.50 7 16 22 23.9 5 26.21 4 8.85 8 22 23 17.9 4 40.19 5 52.12 8 16 6 24.0 8 18.80 3 5.41 9 22 21 12.3 4 49.31 9 48.G3 9 15 48 8.5 5 10.92 12 1.97 10 22 13 43.5 4 53.05 13 45.24 10 15 30 37.7 5 2.29 15 58.53 1! 22 5 51.6 5 6.36 7 17 41.81 1! 15 12 51.8 4 53.19 1 9 19 55.09 12 21 57 37.0 5 14.24 21 38.37 12 14 54 51.3 4 43.53 23 51.64 13 21 43 59.7 5 21.03 25 34.93 13 14 36 36.4 4 33.30 27 43.20 14 21 40 0.0 5 28.64 29 31.49 4 14 18 7.6 4 22.53 31 44.75 15 21 30 38.0 5 35.10 33.28.05 15 13 59 25.0 4 11.22 35 41.30 16 21 20 54.1 5 41.06 87 24.61 l(i 13 40 29.1 3 59.36 39 .37.85 17 21 10 48.4 6 46.43 41 21.17 7 13 21 20.1 3 46 97 43 34.40 18 21 21.2 5 51.37 45 17.72 18 13 1 63.5 3 34 06 47 30.95 19 20 49 32.5 5 5-5.71 49 14.27 ill 12 42 24 6 3 20.63 61 27.50 20 20 38 22.8 5 59.49 53 10.82 20 12 22 38.S 3 6.71 55 24.06 21 20 26 52.3 6 2.63 1 7 57 7.38 21 12 2 40.9 2 62.30 9 69 20.62 22 20 15 1.2 6 5.30 8 1 3.93 2-2 11 42 31.9 2 37.40 3 17.18 23 20 2 49.9 6 7.31 6 0.49 23 11 22 11.8 2 22.05 7 13.74 24 19 50 13.5 6 8.74 8 57.05 24 11 1 41.0 2 6.26 11 10.30 25 19 37 27.4 6 9.57 1 12 53.61 25 10 40 59.8 1 50.04 15 6.86 26 19 24 16.7 27 19 10 46.3 6 9.79 6 9.42 16 50.18 20 46.74 2(i 27 10 20 86 9 59 7.3 1 33.42 1 16.39 19 3.41 22 69.96 28 18 56 53.0 6 8.44 24 43.30 28 9 37 56.7 53.99 26 56.61 29 18 42 50 5 6 6.87 28 39.36 29 9 16 .36.8 41 26 30 53.06 30 IS 23 24.5 6 4-70 32 36.41 30 8 65 7.9 23.20 34 49.61 31 18 13 40.3 1 6 ].94 36 32.96 1 ■{i 8 33 30.4 4.82 38 46.16 58 EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN. Jit mean noon at Greenwich. [1836. SEPTEMBER. u. isemi Diam. t^. D. culm, ra. sec. f- 1 U. 1 15 52.35 1 4.17 '•■5 1 3 53 3i 4.09 -r . • 3 5 7 53.80 54.29 4.02 ' 3.96 ■5 "o ' 5 7 9 54.79 3.91 .e-i' ^S 9 11 13 55.31 55.S-J 3.87 3.83 a4 £-■" 'i 11 13 15 56.33 3.83 ^£ n^ 15 17 56.86 3.83 >% -" ^ "3 17 19 •21 57.40 57.94 3.84 3.86 Si? a:^ 19 21 23 58.47 3.89 Ojg .n 23 25 59.0-2 3.94 &; j: 25 27 15 59.57 ! 4.00 %. t^ 27 29 16 0.1-2 4.07 s\ 2!) 31 0.67 4.15 t~ 31 ; Semi Diam 16 0.67 1.-23 1.78 2.34 2.89 3.45 400 4.55 5.09 3.63 6.17 6.70 7.22 7.74 8.25 8.74 OCTOBER. S. D. culm, m. sec. 1 4.15 4.24 4.34 4.46 4.59 4.73 4.88 5.04 6.21 5.39 5.58 5.77 5.98 6.19 6.41 6.63 .= w "o N t-- D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 1.T 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Declination. -North. 23 24 25 26 27 28 291 30 31 1 8 11 44 4 7 40 60.5 7 27 4S.S 7 5 39.7 6 43 23.5 6 -21 0.6 5 53 31.2 5 35 55 7 5 13 14.6 4 50 -28.0 4 -27 36.4 4 4 40.1 3 41 39.5 3 18 35.0 2 55 26.8 2 32 15.4 2 9 1.0 I 43 44.2 1 -22 25.0 59 4.1 35 41.8 12 18.1 Bqiuit. of T. (i) be siib'r.fr. Jippar. Time. n. sec. 13.35 32.81 52.02 1 11.46 1 31.13 1 51.00 2 11.06 2 31.30 2 51.70 3 12.24 3 32.90 3 53.63 4 14.55 4 35.51 4 36.53 5 17.59 5 38.68 3 59.79 6 20.87 6 41.92 7 2.91 7 23.85 Sidereal Time. h. m. sec. 10 42 42.71 46 39.27 I 50 33 83 1 54 32.39 58 28.95 11 2 25.51 6 22.06 10 18.62 14 15.17 15 11.72 D. Declinaiion South. 11 22 26 South. 11 6.4 34 31.4 37 5t).7 1 21 21.3 1 44 46.7 2 3 10.8 2 31 33.9 2 54 55.7 3 18 15.7 3.27 4.82 30 1.30 33 57.91 37 54.47 41 51.02 43 47.58 49 44.14 53 40.70 5" 37.26 12 1 33.81 5 30.37 11 12 13 14 15 I ; 17 ^S 19 20 21 22 7 8 43.7 7 31 20.8 7 53 51.6 8 16 15.9 8 38 33.0 9 42.8 9 22 44.6 9 44 38.1 10 6 23.0 10 27 68.9 10 49 25.3 11 10 41.9 Equal, of T. to br subtr.fr. \Appar. Time. m. sec. 10 24.67 10 43.51 11 2.01 11 -20.16 II 37.93 11 55.33 12 12.30 12 23.85 12 44.95 13 0.60 13 15.78 13 30.47 13 44.66 13 58. 32 14 11.45 14 24.02 14 36.04 14 47.46 14 58.30 16 8.52 15 18.10 15 2' .03 7 44.67 S 5.35 S -25.90 8 46.27 9 6.44 9 26.38 9 46.09 10 6.52 10 24.67 12 9 26.92 13 23.46 17 20.01 21 16.56 25 13.11 39 9.66 S3 6.22 37 2.77 40 59 33 23 24 Sidereal Time. h. m. sec. 12 40 59.33 44 55.89 48 52.45 62 49.01 56 45.56 13 42.12 4 38.67 5 35.22 12 31.76 16 28.31 13 20 24.86 24 21.41 28 17.97 32 14.53 36 11.09 40 7.65 44 4.21 48 0.76 51 57.32 55 53.87 59 50.42 14 3 46.97 11 31 48.4 11 62 44.3 25 12 13 20.4 2G 12 34 3.2 i'l I 12 64 25.3 •^8 13 14 35.6 29 13 34 33.3 ' 13 64 18.2 14 13 49.9 31 15 35.23 14 7 43.52 16 42.84 11 40.07 15 49.69 15 36.62 15 55.33 19 33.13 16 1.22 23 29.74 16 5.85 27 26.30 16 9.71 31 22.86 16 12.78 35 19.42 16 15.06 39 15.93 1836.] EPHEMERIS OF THE SON. ^t mean noon at Greemcich. 59 D. Semi Diam. 2 4 G 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 16 // 9.25 9.73 10.20 10.66 11.11 11.5.5 11.98 12.40 12.80 13.19 13.56 13.91 14.25 14.58 14.89 15.19 .NOVEMBEK. SruVculmT m. sec. i>i.(;t;iMBt;ii. 6.86 7.09 7.32 7.55 7.79 8.02 8.26 8.49 8.73 8.95 9.17 9.38 9 59 9.78 9.96 10.13 . u. 00 •>J< V ■'J' •^ : 1 4 .£ O s 6 Oi 8 11 =3 ••* ! 10 12 £^ ' 14 u- '-^ nco 16 C J3 O -J i8 ■= oo N 2 20 c^'": o .~ 1 L^ 3^ 1— ( - !'<;2 o^ CO |24 f- '2(i s ,28 C) '30 s •32 16 15.19 16.46 15.71 15.94 16.16 16.36 16.54 16.71 16.S6 16.99 17.09 17.16 17.22 17.27 17.29 17.30 j. U. culin. m. sec. 1 10.13 10.29 10.44 10.57 10.63 10.78 10.86 10.93 10.98 11.00 11.01 11.00 10.98 10.93 10.97 10.79 TT ' C3 .— t_ CO 3 CO CO o^ e-cS Kj= D. Declination I f^outli. O I II 1 14 33 6.1 2 14 52 12.3 3 15 11 2.0 4 15 29 36.8 5 1 15 47 56.4 6| 16 6 0.3 7| 16 23 48.0 8i 16 41 19.2 9 16 58 33.4 10 17 15 30.3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 32 9.2 , 17 48 30.0 j 18 4 32.1 i 18 20 15.1 18 35 38.6 18 60 42.3 19 5 25.7 18, 19 19 48.5 19 20 19 33 50.3 19 47 30.7 21 20 22 20 23 20 24: 20 25 20 26:21 27 21 28 21 29 21 30i2i 31I21 49.5 13 46.2 26 20.6 39 32.3 50 21.0 1 46.5 12 48.3 23 26.1 33 39.7 43 28.7 52 62.8 Equal, ijf ']'. to bcsubtr.fr. .Appar. Time. m, sec. 16 16.51 16 17.16 16 16.97 16 16.94 i 16 14.08 : 16 11.33 16 7.83 16 3.43 ( 15 58.18 i 15 52.08 ] 15 45.15 15 37.37 15 28.75 15 19.31 15 9.04 14 57.93 14 46.02 14 33.30 14 19.76 14 5.42 13 50.29 13 34 33 13 17.68 13 0.19 12 41.95 12 22.95 12 3.21 11 42.75 11 21.56 10 59.70 10 37.15 Sidereal Time. Ii. m. sec. 14 43 12.53 47 9.09 51 5.64 55 2.19 58 58.74 15 2 55.29 6 51.85 10 48.40 14 44.95 13 41.51 15 22 38.08 26 34 64 30 31.20 34 27.76 38 24.32 42 20.87 46 17.43 50 13.93 54 10.53 53 7.03 16 2 3.64 6 0.20 9 66.76 13 53.32 17 49.88 21 46.44 25 43.00 29 39.57 33 36.12 37 32.68 41 29.24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 i:^ 14 i *) l(i 17 18 19 20 21 2-2 23 24 25 26 27 28 2!) 30 31 Declination South. O / It 21 52 52.8 22 1 61.8 22 10 25.3 22 18 33.0 22 26 14.8 22 33 30.3 22 40 19.3 22 46 41.6 22 52 37.1 22 .58 5.3 23 3 6.3 23 7 39.7 23 11 45.5 23 15 23.5 23 18 33.6 23 21 15.7 23 23 29.7 23 25 15.5 23 26 33.1 23 27 22.5 23 27 43.6 23 27 36.5 23 27 I.l 23 25 57.4 23 24 25.6 1 23 22 25.5 j 23 19 57.3 23 17 1.1 23 13 36.8 23 9 44.5 23 5 24.5 Ei)uiit. ol' T. MuH. fr. J] pp. till' 21th. m. sec. 10 37.15 10 13.94 9 50.11 9 25,67 9 0.65 8 35.07 8 8.93 7 42.38 7 15.34 6 47.87« 20.00 61.80 23.26 54.43 25.37 56.07 26.60 .56.97 27.22 57.37 1 27.47 .57.55 — 27 61 + 2.28 32.12 1 1.87 1 31..50 2 0.97 2 30.27 2 .59.34 3 28.17 Sidereal Time, h. m. sec. 16 41 29.24 45 25.79 49 22.54 53 13.90 67 15. 45 17 1 12 01 5 S.57 9 5.13 13 1.70 16 .58.26 17 20 54.82 24 51.08 23 47.94 32 44.49 .36 41.05 40 37.60 44 34.16 48 30.71 62 27.27 56 23.83 18 20.39 4 16.96 8 13.52 12 10.09 16 6.65 20 3.21 23 59.77 27 56..32 31 52.87 35 49.43 39 45.98 GO True Apparent Places of SO of the Principal Fixed Stais, according to Bessel, for every tenth day of the year. Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich. « UrsseMinoris. ■ a Arietis. a Cell. « Tauri. 1 j « Aurigae. 6 09 < 1 Q in < .a 5 CO < (2 si 52.2 42 2 i 10.4 1001 12.8 34,25 17.8 Nov. 6 33.27 3.C 39.5( i 60.5 42.4 S 8.3 10.25 11.2 34.42 18.6 16 33.59 4.' 39 9S 5 48.7 ,42.7 5 6.1 1053 9.3 34.63 19.6 26 33.91 6.S \ 40.25 2 46.8 1 43.0 6 3.6 10.83 7.3 34-88 21.0 Dec. 6 34.24 8.f 40.5( 1 44.9 1 43.3 9 29 1.5 11.16 5.2 35.17 22.6 1() , 34.54 lO.J i 40 8 ), 43.1 4S.7 4 28 59.3 j 1150 3.0 35.48 24.4 2(! 34.8; > 13. 412 1 41.4 , 44.0 9 57.2 } 11.84 41 0.8 36 82 26.4 3() , 3o.0« i 15./ 1 41.5 1 39.9 ' 44.4 3' 65.3 1 12.17 40 68.7 36.16 29.6 63 True Apparent Places of 30 of the Principal Fixed Stars, according to Bessel, S{c.,for ei-trij tenth day of the year. (Continued.) Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich. a Bool is. 2 « Libra. 1 ^ UrsiE Minoris. a Scorpi onis. i a Ophiuclii. o s ^ ^ IS < •s s \ X < 1^ ^ { to s "SD e5 •s. i i 60 C 1 To 6 ' » (5 5 a S a ; 'j^ c h. m. o h. 111. o h. m. O li. m. 1 ° i h. in. 1 1836. U 8 sec. 20 14 41 sec. 15 14 51 sec. 74 1 16 19 sec. 26 ! 17 27 sec. 12 Jan. 1. 9.79 2 i5.S 47.43 .- 1 16.4 13 94 49 16.1 19.56 3 38.8 17.34 10 59.7 11, 10.11 13.5 47.76 18.0 14.72 13.7 19.86 39.4 17.54 67.4 21. 10.45 11.4 48 10 19.7 15.58 11.9 20.18 40 2 17.77 55.2 31 10.73 9.8 48 44 21.5 16.48 10.7 20.52 41.1 13.03 53.2 Feb. 10. 11.10 8.5 48.76, 23.2 17.39 10.2 20.86 42.0 18.31 51. 5 20, 11.39 7.7 49.07 24.8 18.26 104 21 21 43.0 ' 18.60 d».l Mar. 1, 11.66 7.3 49.35 26 2 i.n.n 11.2 21.55 44.0 18.S9 49 1 11, 11.89 7.4 49.61 j 27.5 19 86 12 6 21.93 449 19.19| 48.6 21, 12.09 7.8 49.85 38.6 20.51 14.6 23.19 45.9 19.49, 49.4 31, 12.26 86 50 -Oo^ 29.6 21.05 17.0 22.49 4r>.7 1 19 77 43.6 Apr ill 0, 12.39 9.7 50.22, 30.3 21 44 19 8 2276 47.5'' 20.05 49.3 2f. 12.48 11.0 50.37 30.3 21.69 22.7; 2301 48.2 20.31 50.3 30, 12.55 12.5 50.49 31.3 21.80 25.9 23.24 48.S 20.55 51.6 May 10, 12 58 14.0 50. 57 31.6 21.77 28.9 ' 23.44 49.4 20.77 53.2 20, 1259 15.5 5064 31.8 21.60 31.8 23 61 50 20.97 54.9 30 12.57 17.0 50 67 31.9 21.30 34.5 23.75 50.5 21.14 66.7 June 9, 12.52 18.3 50.66 31 9 20.89 37.0 23 95 51 21.27 40 58.6 19, 12.4G 19.6 60.66 31.9 20.37 39.0 23.92 51.4 21.37 41 0.4 29, 12.37 20.6 50.61 31.6 ' 1977 40.6 23.95 51 8 21.43 2.2 July 9. 12.27 21.4 50.54 31.4 19.09 41.S : 23.93 52.1 2r.46 3.8 19, 12.15 21.9 ! 50.45 31.1 18.36 42.4 1 23.99 52.4 21.44 63 29, 12.02 22.2 50.34 30.8 17.60 42.5 i 23.80 52.0 21.39 66 Aug. 8, 11.89 22.2 50.22 30.4 16.81 42.1 j 23. 69 62.7 21.30 1 '■' 18. 11.75 22.0 1 50.08 30.0 16.03 41.2 2355 62.6 21.19 8.8 28, 11.62 21.4 i 49.95 29.5 15.26 j 39.8 23.39 525 21.05 9.1 Sept. 7, 11.50 20.6 49 82 29.1 14.53 ' 37.9 23.22 52.3 20.87 9.6 17, 11.40 19.4 49.71 28.6 13.86 36.5 23.05 51.P 20.70 9.6 1 27, 11.33 18.0 49.62 29.3 13.27 32.7 ' 22.89 51.5 20.52 9.3 Oct. 7 11.29 16.3 49.56 29.0 12.76 ! 296 22.76 61.0 20.35 8.8 17 11.29 1+.3 !! 49..54 27.9 1237 \ 26.2 22.65 60.5 20.20 8.0 27 11.33 12.1 49.66 28.0 12.10 11 07 ' 22.5 22.59 60.1 20 09 7.0 Nov. 6 C5 11.43 9.4 293 19.3 22..57 49.6 19.99 6.6 16 11. 5£ 6.8 49.79 29.9 12.0C 14.4 22.61 49.3 19.96 4.0 26 11.77 4.0 ■ j 49.99 29.7 12.2f 10.6 ' . 22.70 ' 6.9 22.97 1 49.1 19.94 2.2 Dec. 6 12.01 2 1.2 50.21 30.7 12.54 49.1 . 19.99 1^20 10 41 0.2 16 I2.2C 1 58.4 50.48 31.9 13.0.3 3.4 23 07 49.3 ,40 57.7 26 12.6( » 55.7 50.79 33.4 13.6^ 49 0.2 [ 23 32 49.7 20.24 65.S 36 , 129; 1 53 3 61.11 35.0 14.36 48 67.6 23.61 60.2 20 42 63.2 64 True Apparent Places of 30 of the Principal Fixed Stars, according to Besstl, if c, for every tenth day of the year. (Continued.) Epoch. — The Upper Culmination at Greenwich. a LyrsB. a Aq Liilae. •2 a Capi icorni. « Cygni. a Aquarii. < DO (5 6 c3 T. < "oil c5 (n < pi s Q i < 5 Q o < can 3 CO »^ <2k Ifa < .0 >J^ ■s£ c < < .^■^ '^7 ^- ci. .J-";C 1 + 5 1 < r^ r+ '^ 1 .-• ,,. ,, ft ., - „i ., 1 n . /* It II ( |, ., II II 0. 33.51 74 8,1 3. 14.35 30 2,3 8. 6.35 13,3 ,85 14. 3.49,9 7,70 ,469 5 32.63 71 7,6 6 14.19 29 2,2 10 6.28 13,1 ,83 10 3.47,1 7,61 ,464 10 31 68 6! 7,3 10 14. 4 29 2,2 20 6.21 12,8 ,82 20 3.44,4 7,52 ,458 15 31. 5 67 7,0 15 13.50 28 2,1 30 6.14 12,6 ,80 30 3.41,8 7,13 ,463 20 30.13 65 6,7 20 13.35 28 ■^,1 40 6. 7 12,3 ,79 40 3.39,2 7,34 ,448 25 29.24 2e.37 63 61 6,4 6,1 25 30 13.21 13. 7 27 27 2,0 2,0 60 9. 6. 5 54 12,1 11,9 ,76 50 3.36,7 7,26 [ ,444 30 15. 3.34,3 7,18 ,439 36 27.51 69 6,9 35 12.53 26 2,0 10 5.47 11,7 )"- 30 1 OT Q 6,96 ,424 . 40 27. 6 58 6,6 40| 12.41 26 1,9 20 5.41 11,5 ,73 16. 013.20,6 6,73 ,411 ' 45 26.24 66 6,4 45 12.28 25 1,9 30 5.36 11,3 ,72 30 3.14,4 6,51 ,399 60 25.43 55 5,1 60 12.16 25 1,9 40 5.30 11,1 ,-1 17. 3. 8,5 6,31 ,386 55 1. 26. 3 24.25 53 52 4,9 4,7 65 4. 12. 3 25 1^ 1,70 50 10. 5.25 6.20 11,0 loTs _^0 ,69 30 18. ,3. 2,9 6,12 5,94 ,374 ,362 11.62|24,1 2.67,6 5 23.48 50 4,6 10 11.3o!23,4 1,64 10 5.15 10,6 ,67 19 2.47,7 5j61 ,340 10 23.13 49 4,5 20 11.10 22,7 1,58 20 5.10 10,4 ,66' 20 2.39,7 6,31 ,322 ' 16 22.40 48 4,4 30 10.50 22,0 1,53 30 5. 6 10,2 ,64 21 2.30,6 6,04 ,305 20 22. 8 46 4.2 40 10.32 21,3 1,48 40 5. 10,1 ,63 22 2.23,2 4,79 ,290 25 30 21.37 21. 7 45 44 4,0 3,9 60 5. 10.15 9.68 20,7 20,1 1,43 7,38 50 11. 4.56 4.51 9,8 ,62 ,60 23 24 2.16,5 4,-57 ,276 2.10,1 4.36 ,264 1 35 20.38 43 3,8 10 9.42 19,6 1,34 10 4.47 9,6 ,69 25 2. 4,2 4,16 ,252 j I 4G 20.10 42 3,6 20 9.27 19,1 1,30 20 4.43 9,5 ,68 26 1.68,8 3,97 ,241 i 1 46 19.43 40 3,5 30 9.11 18,6 1,26 30 4.39 9,4 ,57' 27 1 53,8 3,81 ,230 1 60 19.17 39 3,4 40 8.69 18,1 1,22 40 4.36 9,2 ,56 28 1.49,1 3,65 ,219 65 2. 18.52 18.29 39 38 3,3 3.2 60 8.45 6 8.32 17,6 17,2 1,19 1,18 i 50 12. 4.31 4.28,1 9,00 ,55 ,666 29 30 1.44,7 3,50 ,209 1.40,5 3,36 ,201^ 6 18. 6 37 3,1 10 8.20 16,8 1,11 10 4.24,1 8,86 ,648 31 i.30,6 3,23 ,193 10 17.43 36 3,0 20 8. 9 16,4 1,09 20 4.20,S 8,74 ,541 32 1.33,0 3,11 ,186 16 17.21 36 2,9 30 7.68 16,0 1,06 30 4.17,3 8,63 ,533 33 1.29,5 2,99 ,179. ! 20 17. 35 2,8 40 747 16,7 1,03 40 4.13,9 8,51 ,524 34 1.26,1 2,88 ,173, ' 25 ! 30 16.40 16.21 34 33 2,8 2>7 60 7. 7.37 7.27 15,3 15,0 1,00 ~98 50 13. 4.10,7 8,41 8,30 ,517 ,509 35 1.23,0 2,78 ,167; 4 7,5 36 1.20,0 2,68 ,161 35 16. 2 33 2,7 10 7.17 14,6 ,96 ' 10 4. 4,4 8,20 ,503 37 1.17,1 2,58 ,155 40 16.13 32 2,6 20 7. 8 14,3 ,93 20 4. 1,4 8,10 ,496 38 1.14,4 2,49 ,149 45 16.25 32 2,5 30 j 6.59 14,1 ,91 30 3.58,4 8,00 ,490 39 1.11,8 2,40 ,144 1 50 16. 8 31 2,4 40| 6.51 13,8 ,89 40 3.55,5 7,89 ,482 40 1 9,3 2,32 ,139 ! 65 14.51 30 2,3 50 6.43 13,5 ,87 60 3.52,6 7,79 ,476 41 1. 6,9 2,24 ,134 '& The Table of Refractions, continuf-d. < Jca 2i < ki tl fl 13 fl 12 13 suicide after receiving sen- \ tence of death * These numbers and proportions ate given exclusive of persons tried par contumace, as to whom the proportions are greatly different. 7 71 STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. [1836. It is necessary to guard our readers against forming any hasty con- clusions from a comparison of this table with the statement of the number of persons accused before the criminal tribunals of this coun- try. The apparent difference exhibited in favor of the moral condition of France is sufficiently striking, but a very slight examination will serve to show that this advantage has no existence in fact. This may be easily discovered by any person who will be at the trouble of analyzing the returns. For example, in the year 1832, the number of persons accused before the courts of assize in France was only 8237 j while those accused criminally, during the same year in England, were 20,829 ; whence it might be inferred that the quantum of crime com- mitted in England was, in the proportion of 5 to 2, in favor of France. It will be found, however, that this excess arises from the circum- stance, that many kinds of offences of a minor quality, against which criminal proceedings are taken in this countrj', are dealt with by the " correctional tribunals" in France, and are noticed amongst petty delinquencies. Simple larceny, swindling, feloniously killing cattle, sending threatening letters, uttering base coin, voluntarily cutting and wounding, offences which are included in the English returns — gave rise to 31,945 charges before the correctional tribunals of France in 1832. If these offenders are taken into the account, the numbers accused are very nearly two for one greater in France than in Eng- land ; and if they be not included in either catalogue, we shall have to abate three-fourths of the amount of offences here. The next table to which we shall call attention, contains a statement of the particular crimes in respect of which persons were tried before the courts of assize in France. The division here made between offences committed against the person and those against property, is not made in the English returns ; but it will be easy to draw the distinction. We have done so for the year 1832, and find that while in France the number of personal outrages is to offences against property in the proportion of about 1 to 3, in England that proportion is only as 1 to 19; but this difference will be greatly reduced if we exclude from the English tables those offences which, as already mentioned, appear be- fore the correctional tribunals in France. This correction would, how- ever, still exhibit a greater disposition to personal violence in that coun- try than exists in England. On examining this table in comparison with the criminal returns of this country, we cannot fail to perceive how much greater is the number of crimes which are the occasion of death committed by Frenchmen. In 1832, under the heads of murder, manslaughter, parricide, infanticide, and poisoning, we find 779 accusations, as compared with 242 brought before our tribunals. STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. /5 1836.] Statement of the nuviher of Persons charged with Criminal Offences be- fore the Courts of Assize in France, in each Year from 182G, to 1832, distinguishing Crimes against the Person from those against Properly, and particularizing the Crimes in each class most frequently committed. Crimes agaiust the Person. Crimes against the State and ) agiiinst Fublic Functionaries ) 182G 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831! 1832 204 207 178 178 365 618 1088 Murder and Manslaughter 610 556 520 528 469 605 641 i Parricide 14 23 15 14 4 15 23 Infanticide . . , . 132 134 99 91 109 86 88 Poisoning ..... 2G 34 43 47 37 36 27 Cutting and Wounding 438 458 531 456 309 340 342 Violation of, and indecent As- ) saults upon Women 5 163 178 167 184 136 115 131 " '• upon Children 142 152 157 139 107 03 111 Perjury and Subornation of Perjury 87 120 73 79 71 72 104 Bigamy . . 14 7 9 11 7 2 6 Other Crimes against the Person Total Crimes against the Person Crimes against Property. 77 42 52 64 ^2 54 83 1907 1911 1844 17911666 2046 2644 Coining . . , . . 48 25 29 ■78 48 105 81 Forgery of Commercial Documents 104 114 99 102 90 73 88 Other kinds of Forgery . 312 30D 323 332 281 301 327 Robbery and Theft in Churches .57 55 47 67 47 •35 38 " ■'■■ on the Highways V.i(3 193 188 185 1 135 1-23 168 " '■ by Domestics 1172 897 966 12151016 939 958 Other kinds of Robbery 2995 3094 3592 32453280 3481 3352 Fraudulent Bankruptcy 89 137 89 95 84 67 70 Incendiarism .... 85 104 96 88 138 122 169 Other Crimes against Property Total Crimes against Property General total, 83 99 23 175 177 314 342 5593 5081 5018 5552 55825296 5560 6988 6929 7396 7373,69627606 8237 The tables furnished by the French Government, explanatory of the motives whidi have apparently led to the commission of the graver offences are drawn out with great minuteness of detail, and furnish a curious insight into one feature, at least, of the character of the French people. In the tables virherein the apparent causes ai* assigned which led to the perpetration of murder, manslaughter, and poisoning, in 1832, twe observe that 37 offencoE of that nature were among the fruits of adultery. 45 " " arose from jealousy, disappointed love, concubin- age, and habitual debaucliery. 49 " " were occasioned by family dissensions. 12fi " " were ascribed to cupidity. 211 " " proceeded from the [lassions of hatred and revenge- -and 200 " " were attributed to miscelluncoue causes^ 70 STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. [1836. The crime of infanticide, although still frequent, has much diminished in i'rance during the last seven years. The cases of this description, which amounted to 132 in 182G, and to 134 in 1827, were diminished to 8G in 1831, and 88 in 1832. The victims here are the fruit of illegit- imate connections, but are by no means to be considered as the only victims to the prevalent libertinism. Of 71,411 natural children, born throughout the kingdom in 1831, forming about one-thirteenth of the entire number of births, almost three-fifths, — 58 in every 100, — are abandoned by their mothers, and being thrown upon the public charity In foundling hospitals, two-thirds of them die before tliey are a year old, — a rate of mortality so far beyond the natural course, that we can- not estimate at fewer than 19,000 the number which are in this manner annually made the victims to the vice of their unnatural parents. Shock- ing as this fact may appear, there are yet worse consequences flow- ing from tiie libertinism which we are describing. M. Guerry, in his very remarkable and interesting '• Essai sur la Statistique Morale de la France," has a passage upon this subject so nmch more forcible than any thing we could adduce, because founded upon actual researches, that we cannot forbear giving it insertion. '' We have seen that three fourths of the natural children born are abandoned, and that the greater part of them die in their first year. What becomes of those who survive ? What is their conduct in the world where thi'y find themselves without guide or protector ? We might learn this, without doubt, if we had a general statistical return from our prisons ; but the Government, which alone possesses the means, has published nothing upon the subject. Recent investigations have shown us that, with regard to females of this class in great cities, they are usually devoted to prostitution. At Paris, among every seven prosti- tutes, one at lea.st is illegitimate ; and it is, besides, deserving of remark, that this proportion, determined from nearly 4000 examples, refers only to those among the class the particulars of whose birth could be ascer- tained. Doubtless the proportion would be much greater if the inquiry iiad conjprehended those of whom it was not possible to obtain authen- tic registers, and whose parentage, in consequence, remains in uncer- tainty. We know, moreover, what is the fate of these women in the capital; brutalized by ill-treatment, debauchery, drunkenness, and misery, implicated in bioils, tliefts, and swindling ; inhabitants, by turns, of the prison and the hospital, when they do not early fall victims to loathsome disease, they terminate their miserable existence in the alms-house or the mad-house." As a further exemplification of the evils produced by the laxity of morals in this respect, we will cite the authority of M. Persil, the pres- ent Minister of Justice in France, who, in his report to the King, prefixed to the annual statement of crime last presented, states; — 1836.] STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCB. 77 •'•' Another remark which may be made with regard to women is, that many among them appeax to have been led on to criminal courses by seduction. It has been ascertained that among 1329 women accused of crimes, 294 (tliat is nearly one-fourth) have given birth to illegiti- mate children, or have followed impure courses, before they have been ^delivered into the hands of justice." We have dwelt at some length upon this difficult branch of inquiry, because the evil is one which, although it has not in this country reached to the deplorable height which it has attained in France, is yet known to exist among us to a great extent. In the Companion for 1834 '(page 88) will be found a statement, published by Government, of the number of illegitimate children born in the several counties of England and Wales in the year 1630, with the proportion of such children to the average number of oUier children born in that j'ear. We learn from this document, that the number of beings tiius unfortunately brought into the world in England was 18,600, and in Wales 1439; showing the proportion of such births to the whole number of children born, to be as one in twenty in England, and one in thirteen in Wales and making the average proportion for the two divisions of the king- dom one in nineteen. It has been made a subject of reproach against the manufacturing occupations of England, that by bringing together, in large masses, young persons of different sexes, encouragement is given to sexual intercourse. Having made numerous inquiries on this subject we are happy in having it in our power to offer a very strong opinion against the truth of this reproach. V/e are, at any rale, quite certain, from facts that have come v\'ithiu our knowledge, that the evil is not necessarily a concomitant of the liictory system. It cannot be denied that sexual intercourse, not allowed by law or positive moral- ity, is to be found in our large manufacturing towns ; but it is much •doubted, whether, among given numbers of tlie population, in rural and urban districts, the frequency of tJje failing liere alluded to be not to the full as great in the former as in the latter. The following abstract of the numbers of offenders at different peri- ods of life, has been drawn up from the materials afforded in the vol- umes before us. We hnve no classified statement cf the relative num- bers and ages of the population in France, and in order to found any calculations upon the data given, it has been necessary to assume the existence of an agreement as regards ages between the populations of France and England. In adopting, for the purposes of our calculation, the numbers given by the population returns of England, all below the age of ten years are rejected, on the presumption tiiat guilt can rarely if ever attach to persons of such tender years. This hope is borne out by the fact that in the first division, which is given where the accused are under sixteen years of age, the proportion to the whole number of 78 STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. 1836.] delinquents is only 17 to 1000. The tendency to criminal courses is seen rapidly to increase after the age just named, and among persons between sixteen and twenty-one the offenders are in a larger propor- tion than that of their numbers in the entire population : the criminals between sixteen and twenty-one amount to 158 in 1000 of the whole number of offenders, while the number of persons between those ao-es is found to be only 139 in 1000. It is in the two next classes, including all between twenty-one and thirty years of age, that the greatest pro- portion of offenders is seen ; more than one third of the accused are between those ages, in which only one fifth of the population is includ- ed. In the next decennary period the proportion of criminals is more in agreement with the probability to be inferred from the population, the proportion being 251 and 1G2 in each 1000 of criminals and of inhabitants respectively. In the next period the proportions are as nearly as possible on what may be called their natural level, and there- after the tendency to crime is seen to decrease much more rapidly than the numbers of the population. This result is precisely what might have been looked for. Exactly one-half the number of crimes committed are charged against persons between the ages of sixteen and thirty, — the period of life when the passions are strongest, and least under the guidance of reason. Statement of the Ages of Persons charged icith Criminal Offences before the Courts of .Assize, in France, in each Year from 182G to 1832; dis- tina-nishing those charged with Offences against Persons, from those cJiargcd icith Offences against Property. 183a. 1827. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1831. 1832. -^ cn aj w (fi (A wi 9) m (n AGES. _c ■5 -^■ C C a ■« >> .5 .5 • ■3 m ■3 >. ■3 m ■■S i> &or to = tc c tcX. CDC mt: to 2 61:- tor: '"t. tJ) = to" cd o S QJ CS O d c 33 a oj a CS Qj rt « ;d a = 5. a cd a, 'A 3- .. 1^ mt m <~ ■'■ '£. m C m ^ «1 C " 2 " 5- ij o o Z 0) p aj r) OJ ai oj Jr. « c a 3 a 9J s aa. .^o: ae- ^^ sS, = £ si .Ho: cCL, Ea, = Ph 2£ to. .^£ b b. 17 107 33 103 17 126 13 104 U 9 105 'J 18 109 11 Under It) . ■ 103 16 to 21 227 (574 22.-, ■;97 227 1051 225 iOOi 186 975 208 913 2/4 951 21 to 25 359 804 322 771 299 869 298 8a5 294 827 349 881 413 816 25 to 30 to to 35 387 913 388 907 420 985 380 897 324 900 434 972 522 952 276 651 290 677 294 708 293 847 305 819 a57 922 491 866 35 to 40 40 to 45 45 to .50 50 to 55 5.) to 60 BO to 65 liS to 70 70 tci 80 165 478 173 491 142 543 170 564 1.52 531 224 557 304 636 153 448 131J 419 139 417 147 440 129 334 1.50 391 194 436 105 293 129 322 114 3:20 97 340 92 324 108 319 132 321 74 187 72 207 72 210 7ll 2')7 81 219 80 207 108 241 39 129 49 126 42 12.5 38 120 40 115 51 130 87 102 48 87 44 loe 38 97 27 93 23 67 32 80 59 91 30 47 24 41 21 54 16 42 12 45 19 55 31 45 14 27 17 32 17 42 16 36 15 34 14 24 18 31 80 and upwards Age unknown J 2 1 1 2 5 1 6 4 1 2 2 12 1907 34 5081 8 1911 lb .5018 1844 1791 1 .5560 2644 5593 55.52 55:2 1666 5296 2046 69 SB 69 29 7306 7373 6962 7606 8237 1886.] STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. 79 We have no|means of ascertaining the proportionate number of persons of each age living in France ; but as it is probable that in this respect the population of England and France may be sufficiently in agreement for the purpose, we have made an estimate of the per-centage propor- tions of the male population of this country at the different ages men- tioned above ten years, in order, by comparing those proportions with tlie proportionate number of persons accused of crimes at each age, in France, between 182(5 and 1832, to show the comparative tendency to- wards criminal actions at difltrent periods of life. We have preferred to take the mxile population as one of the elements of our calculation, rather than a mixture of the sexes, because the great bulk of criminals is formed of men. t« Per-centage propor- o - '^'r,' Persons Accused of tion to the whole §1 0-T o ^ Crimes. number Accused S'^^ to - .5 .-. of Climes. AGES. a. .00 e Po land inl cent to her Sta |i . li . Per- tion num this ■■?. s 11 o 5 o Between 10 and 15 . 563,209 16.4 118 757 875 0,230 1,470 I. 7 16 to 21 475,069 13.9 1,572 6,562 8,134 3,060 12,740 15. 8 21 to 30 706,752 20.7 5,189 12,379 17,568 10,100 24,100 34. 2 30 to 40 555,717 16.2 3,636 9,290 12,926 7,070 18,030 25. 1 40 to 50 452,514 13.2 1,825 5,124 6,949 3,540 9,960 13. 5 50 to 60 320,092 9.3 903 2,325 3,228 1,750 4,550 6. 3 60 to 70 215,263 6.3 424 9.52 1,376 0,8511 1,850 2. 7 70 to 80 106,697 3.1 111 226 337 0,200 0,440 0.64 80 and upwards 29,106 0.9 11 17 28 0,024 0,036 0.06 3,423,401 100 13,789! 37,632 51,421 26,824 73,176 100 JVote — The seventy persons whose ages are unknown, are necessarily excluded from this Bratement. We have already alluded to the returns given of the number of relapsed criminals brought before the courts of assize, and have ex- pressed our opinion as to the great practical utility which may be drawn from information of that nature. Without such returns, we may, it is true, know the amount of crime that has been committed, but shall be unacquainted with the number of offenders, each one of whom fio-ures in the returns as an additional delinquent every time that he appears before the tribunals. If the table here inserted, and which has been constructed from the official returns, offers a true view, the moral condition of France is, in this respect, at least, not very degraded, and we may infer that the laws enforced for the prevention of crimes are, in a considerable degree, effectual. It is, besides, worthy of remark, that the proportion of females is much smaller among old offenders, than it is among the whole number of criminals through the kingdom. It would have been satisfactory had the tables stated the nature of the 80 STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. [1836. crimes charged against women in the following table, instead of giving merely their number. Statement of the Number of Previous Condemnations ascertained to have been passed upon Relapsed Criminals (RecidivesJ who icere tried before the Courts of Jlssize in France, in each Year from 1627 to 1832. One previous Condemnation 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 739 905 967 1014 9.>8 1016 Two previous Condeumations 103 190 259 240 225 275 Three " " ... 36 64 76 80 83 97 Four " " . . • . 12 13 17 20 16 28 Five " " ... 2 7 11 8 7 7 Six " "... 1 2 2 3 3 3 Seven " " ... 1 1 2 1 2 Eight " "... 1 Nine " " ... o 1 More than Ten " 1 One hundred and Fifty Ditto . Females 1 893 118211334 1370 1296 1429 113 173 177 180 156 195 Proportion of Females in each 100 of ) Relapsed Criminals 3 12.6 .14.7 13.3 13.1 12 13.6 If we examine the last column of the foregoing table, we shall find that the relapsed criminals accused, in 1832, form ratlier more than one sixth of the total number of delinquents. As might be expected, the number acquitted in this class does not bear any thing like a correct proportion to the whole number of acquittals. These upon 8237 accu- sations, amounted to 3580, according to which rate the acquittals upon 1429 accusations recorded in the last table, should have been 621, while, in fact, they were only 315, or about one half the true proportion. On the other hand, the proportion of oSences for which sentence of death was pronounced, 17, is very nearly in accordance with that of the whole; the exact relative number would have been 153-5. Of the 17 convicts here mentioned, 4 were guilty of Coining False Money. 9 " Manslaughter. " Infanticide. •'• Robbery . " Incendiarism. " a Political Offence. The returns state, not only the crimes for which the last punishment was awarded, but likewise the offences which had led to previous con- STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. 81 1S36.] viction. We have carefully examined the tables without having been able to discover any particular affinity between the crimes committed at the different periods. A large proportion of those accused of theft ap- pear, indeed, to have been previously convicted of the like offence ; but theft forms so large a part of the crimes committed in France, and, indeed, in all civilized countries, that no reasoning can be founded on that circumstance. Among the relapsed criminals of 1832, as given in the tables, 1096 were accused of theft, and among those 834 had pre- viously been punishexl for the same offence ; but among the remaining 262 we find some accused of almost every crime which goes to make up the catalogue of the courts, excepting alwaj's of course those capital offences which are visited with the heaviest punishments of the law. It is proper to remark, however, that from the manner in which the French tables aie constructed, it is very difficult to arrive at any certain conclu- sion upon this branch of the subject. The following table, which has been constructed from the data fur- nished in the French returns for 1832, exhibits the relative ages of the same parties at the commission of their first and last offences. It will be seen from this how small is the number of persons whose delin- quencies are spread over any great number of years ; the great bulk of offences are seen to follovv each other rapidly. Ages of the same individuals at the time of their Ages of Persons ac- cused as relapsed ■si first condemnation. 1 Criminals at tiie ^S q;» >. period of tiie latest sentence. o in o o o o o in o s ^ s g 2 ■2 o ■a v> s s s s o ^ o s o in CO 2 ■" 20, •— . No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. Under 16 years of age 10 10 From l(i to 21 . . 202 77 125 '« 21 " S5 . . 191 13 113 65 " 25 " 30 . . '.>70 19 74 115 62 " 30 " 35 . . 240 3 37 54 98 48 " 35 » 40 . . 1^ 2 14 44 40 62 30 " 40 " 45 . . 117 2 6 10 27 27 31 14 " 45 "50 . . 78 2 5 12 19 25 8 7 " 50 " 55 . . 58 3 5 9 14 14 5 8 " 55 '< 60 . . 23 2 1 3 6 5 9 3 " 60 "65 . . 18 4 2 3 3 2 4 " 65 "70 . . 21 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 2 " 70 " 80 . . 3 1429 126 374 298 241 107 1 50 1 25 20 1 11 4 2 171 One of the most important, certainly the most interesting part of the inquiry remains to be noticed : we allude to the influence of education in restraining from illegal courses, 82 STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. [1836. During the five years from 1828 to 1832, the returns made to the Minister of Justice in France contained a considerable amount of infor- mation bearing upon this subject of inquiry. We have already explained the system of classification adopted, which is, perhaps, as minute as could be used with any hope of obtaining correct information. The fol- lowing table contains an abstract of the intellectual stale of persons accused during each of the five years, distinguishing offences accom- panied by personal outrage from those directed against property, and noticing not only the charges, but likewise their general result as to acquittal or conviction. We attach some importance to this part of the subject, as we fear that, without duly considering the returns in all their bearings, it would be extremely difficult to arrive at any sound conclu- sions. The tables are incomplete as comparative data, from the want of another element in the inquiry ; viz. the intellectual condition of the whole people. Unless we know how many of these are able to read or to write imperfectly or well, or how many have received a liberal educa- tion, it is, of course, impossible to calculate the proportion of each class which falls into evil courses. This deficiency has been, in part, sup- plied by M. Guerry in his Essay, to which we have already referred, and from which we have derived the greatest assistance in our inquiries. Since the year 1827, the Minister of War has caused the young men drawn to fill the ranks of the army to be examined as to their ability to read and write. The information thus obtained is good, as far as it goes, since young men of all classes, without distinction, are included in the drawing, and their intellectual condition may, therefore, be taken as a fair indication of that of the whole of a certain class of the male popula- tion. But this information is defective in various particulars. It tells us nothing concerning the state of instruction of females ; it includes only young men between the ages at which they a^-e liable to serve in the army under the conscription law; and above all, it does not make the important distinction as to the numbers who have received beyond the mere rudiments of school learning. We are thankful, however, for this scanty information. We learn from it, that taking one department with another, out of every 100 young men examined, 38 could, at least, read or write ; in one of the departments (Meiise), the proportion was 74, and in another (Corr^ze), it was as low as 12. 1836.] STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. 83 bn fen s <3 a ■« g^ *.\ to =r> ~ CJ S5. « ^ 1^ °- tn u 05 T^' h) •(*» 't; "« ^ iS u S ^ s OJ K CO 5S ^ nn ^ i o -Si •«) Q* '11 * "^ 1-^ o ■^ « a 00 S =0 CO Cr< M « .i* G CO .1" ?1 1 rf" Oi « s 3 CO m e ■< ■»^ H Having received a Degree of Instruction beyond mere Reading and Writing. ■poioiAuoo 5 S ^ O Ol i CO s •peuinbDy f: § S ?3 g T— I I— 1 ^ o r-l •saui|j3 iai|uinu Icio,L 00 o Oi o r-^ — < I^ C^ Cr> lO -' --H ^ r-t Cl CO 00 CM •Xjjadojj IsuibSb S3UIU3 g 1 § g §8 00 S •suosjaj ISUibSb sauiijg CD CD 1^ 00 Oi ro -^ CO CJ CD CO o c ai a dojj JSUIBiB sauiiJQ s ^ ^ s s iQ lO uO O ■^ CO •SUOSJ3J JSUIbSi! 83UIII3 o in ^ 'T ^ •-; 00 t~ CO Oi § i o ■£ £g. o 5 < •papiAuo^ 1,143 1,160 1,060 1,047 1,294 in" o •pajlinboy 715 787 766 1,000 1,162 CD •sauijj;) qiiAi pagjBqo jaqiunu |B)o^]^ 1,858 1,947 1,820 2,047 2,456 CO CO CI o ■Xjjodojj jsuibSb saiuijQ 1,353 1,451 1,361 1,479 1,600 f-'* ■suosaaj jsuibSb saiujjg 51)5 496 465 5C8 850 CO 6 o •a CS o cS C paiaiAUo^ 2,627 2,827 2,665 2,652 2,866 ^§7 co" •pan in boy 1,539 1,696 1,6.54 1,948 1,883 oo" -* t^ •saiuiJQ qiiM pa.ljEqD jaquinu pnox 4,166 4,523 4,319 4,600 4,749 •Xuadojj 3,157 3,460 3,329 3,456 3,416 22 co" co" •snosjoj ISUibSe S01UIJ3 1,009 1,063 990 1,144 1,833 s 02 8 1 i g g' as c "3 s, 2 o > < 1 84 STATISTICS OP CRIME IPT FRANCE. [1836. In the foregoing table are included only those persons who- were brought personally before the Courts of Assize, as the necessary particu- lars could not, of course, be procured respecting criminals who had fled from justice. The total population of France is stated to be 32,561,463 ; and, as the average number of accusations brought in the five years comprehended in this table was 8285, there appears to have been one person accused in each 3930 inhabitants. Excluding the numbers tried in their absence, the average number of the accused in the same period was 7416, which is in the proportion of one accusation to every 4390 in- habitants. The number of charges is divided among the different classes in the following proportions : — 4471 persons wholly uninstructed. 2026 who could read or write imperfectly. 746 who could read or write well. 172 who had received a more liberal education. 7415 Assuming the proportion of instructed persons throughout the kind- dom (38 in 100) to be correctly given in the returns made to the Minis- ter of War, the number of accusations here staled against that class is, in a trifling degree, greater than its fair proportion, which should have been 2818 instead of 2945. If, however, we take the number of convic- tions as our guide, we shall find the departure from the correct propor- tion changed to the other side, — 38 in 100, — which would give 1641, whilst the actual average number of convictions among the instructed classes was 1592. This inquiry might have been more satisfactorily carried on, if the classification adopted by the minister of justice had been followed in the examination of the conscripts, and we had conse- quently been able to estimate the proportions in which these 1592 had enjoyed the different degrees of instruction. In the table we have drawn out they stand as follows : — 1140 able to read or write imperfectly. 388 able to read and to write well. 64 having received a more liberal education. 1592 Being in the proportion of 71.6 for the first class, 24.4 for the second, and only 4 for the well-instructed class. Comparing the same numbers with the entire population of France, we find that, of those who could read or write imperfectly, 1 person was convicted out of 28,562 inhabit- ants ; of those who could read and write well, 1 out of 83,921 ; and of those more liberally educated, only 1 convict is found among 508,773 inhabitants. 2836.1 STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. 85 These results could hardly be rendered capable of sustaining an argu- ment unfavorable to the spread of education. For this purpose it has been sought to contrast the different departments of the kingdom, with respect to the number of criminals which they furnish, and the degree of instruc- tioa which they have received. It appears, at the first view, quite fair, in a country the inhabitants of which are governed by the same laws, to compare the inhabitants of one of its political divisions with those of another. In the case of France there is, however, so much di- versity of character in the inhabitants of its different provinces, who rarely move from one part of the kingdom to another, that such a com- parison should not be made without considerable limitation. It has been remarked by M. Guerry, that, if placed in similar circumstances, very different courses of action would be pursued by the inhabitants of Languedoc and Normandy, of Brittany and Auvergne. Waving the objection, however, let us proceed to the e.xainination of the subject up- on the grounds that have been proposed, and let us, in order to do so with the greatest possible effect, contrast the most with the least en- lightened departments. It happens, fortunately for this comparison, that the population of the four departments at each end of the intellec- tual chain is about equal ; the numbers in the more instructed districts being 1,142,452, and in the other districts 1,132,280. The following table will show, that, as regards these departments, the charge of greater criminality does not attach, either in amount or degree, to the better instructed portion. o o '^ " JZ S 6 V} ■u > £ £ X la Proportion of S a 2S = -= c C B3 .2 -a n. (n c S' S •5S the Persons = s DEPARTMENTS. Number of Off condemned to Punishments. of Off ned to Punish '0-3 - G o, 03 accused to the Population of each Depart- £ 2 O J3 o £ Cm U Number condem tional" Number Murder on Life, ment. Number against t Better instructed. Meuae 74 30 15 9 1 in 10,436 8 Douba . 73 34 7 15 1 1 7,810 5 Jura .... 73 42 11 19 2 1 7,411 11 Haute Maine . Least instructed. 72 50 19 20 8 1 4,997 13 IK 52 63 U 1 in 7,323 37 a Cher . 13 61 15 16 6 1 in 4,198 24 Haute Vienne . 13 62 12 20 6 1 4,599 20 Allier . . . . 13 46 17 8 8 1 6,484 15 Corr^ze . 12 48 16 7 7 1 6,142 26 217 60 51 27 1 in 5,218 85 6 a 23.7 per coot, of the whole number accused. b 39.1 " « 8 86 STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. [1836. It is here seen that, not only is the proportion of criminals to the entire population smallest in the best-instructed departments, but the nature of the crimes committed is less serious. This result cannot fail to prove satisfactory to those who look to the cultivation of the minds of their fellow-citizens, as to the surest means of redeeming them from vicious habits. We have yet another evidence of the same ten- dency to offer. This is a table showing the intellectual condition of those offenders who have appeared repeatedly at the bar of justice. Surely education, that description of it at least, which alone is worthy of the name, cannot be visited with the reproach of disposing men to commission of crimes against society, when we find that on an average of four years the whole population of France has annually furnished no more than 13 educated individuals who may be considered as incorrigi- ble offenders, being in the small proportion of one criminal in more than two millions and a half of inhabitants. Table shoioing the JYumher of Persons accused, as relapsed Criminals, before the Courts of Assize in France, divided into four Classes, accord- ing to the degree of Instruction which they have received, and stating the Jfumbers acquitted and convicted in the several Classes during each Year, from 1829 to 1832, both inclusive* Able to read Able to r ead Having been Unable to read or lo write and to write instructed be- or to write. imperfectly. well. yond Reading YEARS. and Writing. TS ■a ■6 ■a r3 73 ■o a 3 > 3 > 3 c a- a O a- a O T c O o o o o o o 4 664 378 78 300 114 20 1830 .... 870 170 700 357 76 281 125 33 92 18 8 10 1831 .... 799 17fi 623 341 92 249 130 51 79 26 12 14 1832 .... 857 173 684 422 95' 327 131 40 91 19 7 12 Yearly Average 3344 673 2671 1498 341,1157 500 144 356 87 22 36 9 51 13 836 168 668 374 85 28S 125 36 89 The proportion of accused persons who were acquitted in each class, proves to be as follows : — Of those wholly uninstructed , . . 20.1 in 100 Of those who read or write imperfectly . 22.7 in 100 Of those who read and write well . . . 28.8 in 100 Of those instructed beyond reading and writing 41.3 in 100 *The returns of the Minister of Justice do not give these particulars for an earlier pe- riod than 1829. 1836.] STATISTICS OF CRIME IN FRANCE. 87 We look with anxiety for the criminal statistics of France during the year 1833. Some considerable modification in the penal laws of that country came into operation during the year 1832 ; but it has not been possible to draw any distinction between the working of the two sys- tems, from returns which have reference to the effects of both. It will hereafter be highly interesting to trace the results in all their various features. We are rendered the more anxious in this matter, by a pas- sage in the Report of the Minister of Justice prefixed to the Returns for 1832, wherein he says, — •' These modifications, although put into execution only during the last seven months of the year, have already had a marked difference upon the result of the accusations." Such an examination is calculated to afford to us one of the principal practical benefits to be derived from the collection and publication of facts con- nected with the moral and social state of the community. II. PAUPERISM IN FRANCE. The number of paupers in France, in 1830, exclusive of aged per- sons, foundlings, and others maintained in hospitals, was 1,533,340, of whom 198,153 (1 in 8) were beggars : the number of paupers to the whole population (31,880,674) being as 1 to 20 ; and of beggars, as 1 to 165. In the department of the North the proportion of paupers is 1 in 6 ; in that of the Straits of Calais, 1 in 8; in that of the Rhone, 1 in 13; in those of Aisne, Seine, and Somme, 1 in 14 ; while in those of the Meuse, Meurthe, and Moselle, 1 in 30 ; in those of Lozere and Lower Rhine, 1 in 40; and in that of Creuse, 1 in 58. In the 7corst set, containing 20 departments and 10,062,769 inhabi- tants, the proportion of paupers is 1 in 13 ; in the middling set, embrac- ing 38 departments and 13,043,514 inhabitants, 1 in 23; and in the best set, comprising 28 departments and 8,774,391 inhabitants, 1 in 33. The proportion of paupers varies greatly between town and country. If all places containing above 1,.500 souls be reckoned as towns, it will be found that of their 7,762,450 inhabitants, 767,245 (about one ICth) are paupers; while out of 24,205 Jl 8 country people, 819,195 (about one 30th) are paupers. — In the town of Lille, of a population of 70,000, 22,281 are paupers. In Great Britain the proportion of paupers is . . ] in 6 In Holland and Belgium . . . • • 1 in 7 In France and the German Confederacy . . . 1 in 20 In .\ustria, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, and Portugal . 1 in 25 Jn Prussia and Spain . . • . 1 in .30 See "Foreign Quarterly Review" for March, 1835. 88 AGRICULTURE AND RURAL ECONOMY. [1836. III. AGRICULTURE AND RURAL ECONOMY. By Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq., Editor of the "New England Farmer." [Continued from page 123, of tlie volume of tlie American Almanac for 1835.] In the preceding volume, under the above head, the objects of til- lawe, and some recent improvements in Agriculture were adverted to and described, and a continuation of notices relating to modern husband- ry was promised. We now proceed to redeem our pledge, by stating some of those inventions, discoveries, and practical applications of sci- ence to the most useful of the arts, which give modern cultivators very great advantages over those who preceded them. In our last we made some observations on increasing the products of ao-riculture by the selection of the best seeds from which to obtain our crops. This branch of improved tillage is of more importance than is generally imagined. We will now state tlie principal causes of de- fective seeds, and the methods by which the best may be procured. The principal causes of poor seeds are to be found in their not being properly situated in growing, and not being well ripened. Different varieties of the same species impart to each other their respective qualities. If the genuine ruta-baga is set to grow for seed near the common turnip, or turnip cabbage, the seeds of the former will have in part the peculiarities of the latter, and vice versd. " To generate the best kinds of seeds the most healthy plants should be chosen, and those which are most early in the season. These should be so placed as to have no weak plants of the same species or even genus in their vicinity, lest the fecundating dust of weaker plants should be blown by winds upon the stigmata of the stronger, and thus produce a less vigor- ous progeny."* It is best to let all seeds, intended to propagate from, remain on the parent stock till fully ripe. For instance, wheat intended for seed should stand in the field till entirely ripe, and the kernel perfectly hard and dry ; but that which is meant for other uses should be cut before it is dead ripe, as some plirase it, and while the joints of the straw have still a greenish appearance. So in seed-corn, that which ripens earliest should be preferred ; but Dr. Deane advised to mark such ears, and then let them stand on their stalks till tliey had become sapless. Seeds will o-row, if gathered green, and afterwards dried in the sun, but they will not produce so good plants as if they had been fairly ripened. 2. To guard as far as possible against defective seeds, it is recom- mended to select the heaviest and largest for soicinsf and planting. The way to try seeds is this : Put a small quantity of them in luke-warm ♦Darwin's " Phytologia." 1836.] AGRICULTURE AND RURAL ECONOMY. 89 water, and let the water be four or five inclies deep. A mug or basin will do, but a large glass tumbler is best ; for then you can see tiie bot- tom as well as the top. Some seeds, such as those of cabbage, radish, and turnip, will, if good, go to the bottom at once. Cucumber, lettuce, endive, and many others require a few minutes. Parsnip and carrot, and all the winged seeds require to be well welled before you put them into the glass ; and tlie carrot should be rubbed, so as to get off part of the hairs, which would otherwise act as the feathers do on a duck. The seeds of beets and mangol-wurtzclare in a case or shell. The rough things tliat we sow are not the seeds, but the cases in which tlie seeds are contained, each case containing from one to five seeds. Therefore, tlie trial by water is not, as regards these two kinds of seed, conclusive, though if the seed be very good it will sink in water after being in the glass an hour. And, as it is a matter of great importance that every seed should grow in a case where the plants stand so far apart, since gaps in rows of beets and mangel-wurtzel are so very injurious, the best way is to reject all seeds that will not sink, ca-sc and all. after being put in warm water, and remaining there an hour. But seeds of all sorts are sometimes, if not alvvnys, p;jrt sound and part unsound, and as the former is not to be rejected on account of the latter, the proportion of each should be ascertained, if the separation be not made. Count then an hundred sj.'eds, taken promiscuously, and put them into water as before directed. If fifty sink and fifty swim, half. of your seeds are bad, and half good ; and so in proportion to other numbers of sinkers and swimmers. There may be plants, the sound seeds of which will not sink, but J^know of none. If to be found in any instance, they would. I think, be found in those of the tulip-tree, the ash, the birch, and the parsnip, all of which are furnished with so large a portion of wing. Yet all of these, \? sound., will sink, if put into wurm water with the wet worked a little into the wings first. I incline to the opinion that we should try seeds as our ances- tors tried witches; not by fire, but by water; and that by following up their practice we should reprobate and destroy all that do not readily sink.* Seeds should be preserved in a dry and temperate place, and tiie air should not be excluded. Miller says, " the seeds of cucumbers, melons, and gourds, which have thick, horny coverings, and the oil of their seed being of a cold nature, continue good eight or ten years ; and radish, turnip, rape, &c., with other oily seeds, (whose coats are not so hard and close as the others), yet abounding with oil which is of a warmer nature, the seeds will keep good three or four years ; whereas the seeds of parsley, carrots, parsnip, and most other umbelliferous plants, whose ♦Uobbett's "American Gardener." 8* 90 AGRICULTURE AND RURAL ECONOMY. [1836. seeds are for the mast part of a warm nature, and have little oil in them, lose theii growing faculty, often in one year, but seldom remain good longer than two years. The seeds of cucumbers, melons, and pumpkins improve by being kept till they are three or four years old. When kept that time on hand, they produce more and earlier fruit, and less vine. If seeds of that age, however, cannot be obtained, they should be well wash- ed to cleanse tliem from mucilage, and thoroughly dried before planting." Wheat, we are told, is improved for seed, by being kept on hand a year, and will then produce a crop without smut, and will not be injur- ed by the fly. Judge Buel, a celebrated agriculturist, residing near Al- bany, observes, " I am almost a proselyte to the opinion that the nit is deposited in the down of the kernel before the grain is harvested, and that the same warmth which causes the seed to vegetate in the earth hatches the insect there also. I am inclined to favor the hypothesis, and not without evidence, that the seed of both the smut and the fly lose their reproductive power during the lapse of a twelve-month. I will not venture to say that liming seed is as efficacious against the fly, as it is against smut ; but thus much I can say, that I always lime my seed wheat, and never have it injured by smut or fly, while many fields in my neighborhood are annually devastated by the one or materially injur- ed by the other." The Use of Lime as a Manure for Wheat. — The application of lime to wheat culture is one of the most important improvements in modern husbandry. It is well known that our lands, where the soil is fit for any kind of arable products, will yield good crops of wheat, when first cleared of their native growth of wood ; but, afte'Pliaving been tilled some years, they generally produce wheat with difficulty, and it is often found impossible to obtain it by any of the common modes of culture. In most parts of Massachusetts, and in some parts of New Hampshire and Vermont, the farmers for a long period scarcely ever attempted to raise wheat, and still more rarely suc- ceeded when they did attempt it. Yet wheat was a common and profita- ble crop in those places in the earliest periods of their settlement. In pro- cess of time, however, the land became incapable of producing that pre- cious ])roduct, and our farmers were compelled to forego its culture, till quite recently it has been successfully cultivated by means of manurino- with lime. Similar variations and appearances have likewise been observed in Eu- rope. Wheat countries by continued tillage have become almost inca- pable of yielding wheat. The cause and remedy of this partial bar- renness, this incapacity in the soil to produce plants, which it had once brought forth in abundance, were alike involved in obscurity, till modern discoveries in chemistry threw light on the subject. It has been found that the texture of every soil is deficient, unless it contains 1836.] AGRlCtJLTTJRlE AND RtTRAL ECONOMf. 91 a mixture of three kinds of earth, viz. clay, sand, and lime; and that lime in some of its combinations exists in wheat both in the straw and in the kernel. In some soils, fertile in other respects, lime may either have no existence, or be found in very minute portions, and be soon exhausted. If lime be a constituent of wheat, and is not in the soil where we at- tempt to raise that crop, we must furnish lime by art, or wheat will not grow. Or if native lime exists in the soil, in small quantities, the land j may bear wheat till the lime is exhausted, and then become incapable of producing that plant till a fresh supply of lime, marl, pulverized bones, or some other calcareous substance is added. Mr. Young, of Nova Scotia, an able English writer on agricultural topics, says, " It cannot be denied, that since the plentiful use of lime has been adopted, lands in Europe will produce wheat which otherwise were incapable of bearing it ; and he quotes several instances in favor of this assertion. Dr. Anderson likewise gives an account of a field, which had a top dressing of lime for the purpose of raising wheat ; but the lime by accident; was not applied to a small patch of the fields, and in that patch there was no crop, while every part to which lime was applied produced wheat luxuriantly. It would be easy to adduce many more instances to show that lime, in Great Britain, is considered not only useful but indispensable to the production of wheat. A consideration of these premises has induced some persons to sup- pose, that, by the judicious use of lime or other calcareous substances, such as marl or plaster of Paris, wheat may be as well raised in New England as in the Western States. The subject is certainly of great im- portance, and we are glad to learn that the raising of wheat has been recently revived with good success in some parts of the valley of the Connecticut river. Another important improvement in the practice of modern husbandry consists in the manner of ploughing sward land, or land grown over to grass. This grass, including the matted turf or sod made by the inter- woven texture of its roots, is capable of furnishing much valuable food for plants, provided it is buried in the soil, and not disturbed till it is rotted or dfcomposed. Yet the mode of tilling such land has been to cross- plough and harrow the surface which has been broken up, as the phrase is, with a view to arable crops, in such a manner that the vegetable mat- ter contained in the sod should be turned out and wasted above ground, by heat, air, and moisture, instead of being treasured in the soil to sup- ply the wants of vegetation. In this way our cultivators in former times had taken great pains to impoverish themselves, and their misdirected industry, worse than useless, has been positively detrimental. A more rational and scientific mode of management is now beginning to be pre- valent, which is well described in the following extract from an " Ad- 8^4 AGRICULTCRE and RtfRAI/ ECONOMy. [1836- dress delivered before the Middlesex Society of Husbandmen and Manu- facturers, by Elias Piiinney, Esq.'' " In May, the field having lain three years to grass, and the crop of hay so light as to be worth not more than the expense of making, with a view of ascertaining the quantity of vegetable matter upon the surface, I took a single foot square of greensward, and after separating the roots and tops of the grasses from the loam and vegetable mould, it was found on weighing to contain nine ounces of clear vegetable substance, giving at that rate, over twelve and a quarter tons to the acre. This convinced me of the importance of taking some course by which this valuable trea- sure might be turned to good account. That a great part of this mass of vegetable matter is exposed to useless waste by the usual mode of plough- ing, cross-ploughing, and harrowing, must be obvious to any one. In order, therefore, to secure this, as well as the light vegetable mould at and near the surface, which is liable to waste from the same causes, I had two acres of the greensward of this field turned over with the plough as smoothly as possible. After removing the outside slices into the centre of the plough-land, and thereby efiecting the double purpose of covering the vacant space in the middle, and preventing ridges at the sides and ends, the field was rolled hard, with a loaded roller, by which the uneven parts of the furrow were pressed down, and the whole made smooth. It was then harrowed lengthwise of the furrows, with a horse-harrow, but so lightly as not to disturb the sod. Twenty cart-loads of compost man- ure, made by mixing two parts of loam or peat mud with one of stable- dung, were then spread upon each acre. It was then harrowed again, as before, and the poorer part of the soil which had been turned up and remained on the surface was thereby mixed with the compost manure. Corn was then planted in drills upon the furrow, the rows being at the usual distance and parallel with the furrows. At hoeing time the sur- face was stirred by running a light plough between the rows, but not so deep at this or the subsequent hoeing as to disturb the sod. What Mr. Lorrain calls the ' savage practice' of hilling up the corn was cautiously avoided. As the season advanced, I carefully watched the progress of my cornfield. In the early part of the season it did not exhibit a very promising appearance ; but, as soon as the roots had extended into the enriching matter beneath, and began to expand in the decomposing sward, which had now become mellow, and more minutely divided by the fermentation of the confined vegetable substances beneath than it possibly could have been by plough or hoe, the growth became vigorous, and the crop, in the opinion of those who examined the field, not less than seventy bushels of corn to the acre. As soon as the corn was harvested, the stubble was loosened up by running a light horse-plough leno-thwise through the rows, the surface then smoothed with a bush- harrow, and one bushel of rye, with a sufficient quantity of herd's grass 1836.] AGRICTTLTTTRE AND BXmAl, ECONOMY. 9i And red-top seed, to the acre, was then sowed, the ground again har- rowed and rolled. The crop of rye was harvested in July following, and the two acres yielded sixty-nine and a half bushels of excellent grain, and over five tons of straw. The grass sowed with the rye took well, and the present season I mowed, what those who secured the crop judged to be two and a half tons of the very best of hay from each acre. " Thus with one ploughing, with the aid of twenty cart-loads of com- post manure to the acre, 1 have obtained two crops of grain, and Btoek- *d the land down to grass." Another modern improvement in agriculture, whicli has proved of much importance, consists in an acquaintance with the theory and the -successful practice of systematic Courses and Rotations of Crops. A ■Course of Crops is a series of products following each other in a deter- minate succession on the same ground for a certain numi)er of years, af- ter which the same round is renewed in the same order. A Rotation of 'Crops consists in two or more courses repeated in the same order. M. Macairt^ in a memoir inserted in the transactions of a Literary So- «iety in Geneva, has developed some physiological facts relating to this subject, from which the following is a transcript. " A judicious rotation of crops is known to be a matter of great im- portance. One kind of vegetable (a) will grow and flourish well in a soil from which another kind of vegetable (b) has just been gathered, while an attempt to raise another crop of the first vegetable (a) or a crop of a third vegetable (c) immediately after the first (a) in the same soil^ will be attended with little or no success. * * * " The true explanation of the necessity of a rotation of crops appears to be founded on the fact stated by Bergmann, and more fully exposed by DecandoUe, that a certain portion of the juices which are absorbed by the roots of the plants, are, after the salutiferous portions have been ex- tracted by tlie vessels of the plant, again thrown out by exudation from the roots and deposited in the soil. It is probably the existence of this exuded matter which may be regarded in some measure as the excre- ments of the preceding crop of vegetables, that proves injurious to a suc- ■ceeding vegetation. The particles, which have been deleterious to one tribe of plants, cannot but prove injurious to plants of the same kind, and probably to those of some other kinds, while they may furnish nu- triment to another order of vegetables." The author proved this theory by experiments which we have not room to give in detail. In one of these, after cleansing and washing the roots of plants thoroughly, he placed them in phials with a certain quantity of pure water. After they had put forth leaves, expanded their flowers, and flourished for some time, by the evaporation of the water, 94 AGRICULTURE AND RURAL ECONOMY. [1836. and Uie use of chemical re.lgents, he ascertained that the water contain- ed matter which had exuded from the roots." * Among the means of agricultural improvement of comparatively mod- ern origin, few have proved more efficient and evidently useful than Agricultural Societies, Exhibitions, or, as they are commonly called, Cattle-Shows. At assemblages and collections of this kind the farmer may obtain ocular demonstration of improvements, which he would hardly believe possible, from hearsay evidence, or any printed state- ments. He sees the finest breeds of cattle, both native and imported, and learns by what means he may improve his own breeds of domestic animals. He views specimens of different sorts of vegetables, some of which are not so generally cultivated as they might be to the great ad- vantage of the cultivator. Improved agricultural implements, by which the labors of the husbandman are at once rendered lighter and more ef- ficient, are here soliciting notice. But it is useless to enlarge on the advantages which result from these institutions, which are now firmly founded on the basis of public opinion, tested by ample experience of their utility, and sanctioned by the approbation and usages of the most intelligent men of the most enlightened nations. * See some valuable remarks on the subject of Rotation of Crops, by Anthony Colla- iBOre, Esq., read before the Plymouth County Agricultural Society, and published in the- "New England Farmer," Vol. %XH. p, 217 et se^ UNITED STATES. I. EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT. The twelfth presidential term of four years began on the 4th of March, 1833; and it will expire, with the 24th Congreas, on the 3d of March, 1837. Salary. ANDREW JACKSON, Tennessee, President, $25,000 Martin Van Buren, New York, Vice President, 5,000 The following are the principal officers in the executive department of the government, who all hold their offices at the will of the President. The four Secretaries and the Attorney- General form the Cabinet, by usage. The Postmaster- General has, for the most part, not been consid- ered a member. Salary. $6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 4,000 John Forsyth, Levi Woodbury, Lewis Cass, Mahlon Dickerson, Amos Kendall, Benj. F. Butler, Georgia, Secretary of State, New Hampshire, Secretary of the Treasury, Ohio, New Jersey, Kentucky, New York, Secretary of War, Secretary of the JVavy, Post Master General, Attorney General, Department of State. John Forsyth, Secretary. Salary. Asbury Dickins, Chief CVk, $2,000 Claims on France. Com- mis'rs. G. W. Campbell, John K. Kane, R. M.Saunders, John E. Frost, Secretary, John H. Wheeler, Clerk, $3,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 1,500 PaterU Office. Salary. H. L. Ellsworth, Svperint't, $1,500 $3,000 Claims on Naples. WyUis Silliman, ( .. J. R. Livingston, IJ^T.- V 3,000 Joseph C. Cabot, ( ""^ '^*- > 3,000 Thos. Svvann, Jun. Secretary, 2,000 John W. Overton, Clerk, 1,500 McC. Young, Chief Clerk, $2,000 Comptrollers. Jos. Anderson, 1st Comptrol. 3,500 John Laub, Chief Clerk, 1,700 J. B Thornton, 2d Comptrol. 3,000 John N. Moulder, Chief CI' k. 1,700 Treasury Department. Levi Woodbury, Secretary. Salary. Auditors. R. Harrison, Ist Auditor, Wm. Parker, Chief Clerk, Wm. B. Lewis, 2d Audita?-, J. Eakin, Chief Clerk, Peter Hagner, J. Thompson, 3d Auditor, Chief Clerk, Salary. 3,000 1,700 3,000 1,700 3,000 1,700 m J. C. Pickett, 4tk Auditor, T. H. Gillis, Chief Clerk, S. Pleasonton, 5th Jluditor, T. Mustin. Cliief Clerk, CNITED STATES, 3,000 1,700 3,000 1,700 John Campbell, Treasurer, 3,000 P. G. Washington, Cliief a' k, 1,700 War Department. [183^. Thomas L. Smith, Register, 3,000 H. Nourse, Chief Clerk, 1,700 Solicitor''s Office. Virgil C. Maxcy, Solicitor, 3,500' Land Office. E. A. BrowTi, Comtniss'r Gen. 3,000 J. M. Moore, Chief Clerk, 1,700 Gary A. Harris, Chief Cl'k, L, L. Van Kleeck, Clerk, Lewis Casa, Secretary. Salary. 2,000 1,600 Bounty Lands. Wm. Gordon, Principal, Indian Affairs. Elbert Herring, Commiss'r, D. Kurtz, Chief Clerk, 1,400 3,000 1,000 Pension Office. J. L. Edwards, Commiss'r. 2,500 (Jeo. W. Crump, Chief Clerk, 1,600 Mjutant- General's Offi.ce. Roger Jones, Col. <^ A. G. Lorenzo Thomas, \st Lt. Atk Inf. J. H. Prentis, 2d Lt. \st Art. Brooke Williams, 1,150 Paymaster- GencraVs Office. Nathan Towson, Paym'r Gen. 2,500 N. Frye, Jun., Chief Clerk, 1,700 George Bomford, Colonel. Wm. H. Bell, Captain. Wm. Riddall, Clerk. 1,150 Topographical Bureau. J. J. Abert, Lt. Col. S^ Top. Eng. G. D. Ramsay, 1st Lt. ^ Assist, do. Salary. Aug. Canfield, Capt. ^ Assist, do. Washington Hood, Lt. ^- Assist, do. Robert Fowjer, Clerk, 800 Purchasing Department. C. Irvine, Com. Gen. Purch. 3,000 Tim. Banger, Chief Clerk, 1,500 Clothing Department. John Garland, Brevet Major. Subsistence Departinent. Geo. Gibson, Brig. Gen., Gen. Com. 3. H. Hook, Maj. S,- Com. Subsist. C. G. Wilcox, Clerk, 1,350 Surgeon- General's Office. Joseph Lovell, Sugr. Gen. 2,500 R. Johnson, Clerk, 1,150 Quartermaster- Gen's. Office. T. S. Jesup, B. G. ^ Q. M. G. T. \P. Hunt, Capt. 5th Inf. Assist. Wm. A. Gordon, Clerk, 1,150 Engineer Department. Gen. Charles Gratiot, Chief Eng. Lieut. R. E. Lee, 7 ,, -^ . Lieut. G. W. Cullum, \ ■^^^'^^ts. John Boyle, Chief Clerk, $2,000 Kavy Commissioners John Rodgers, President, Navy Department. Mahlon Dickerson, Secretary. Salary. Charles Morris, Isaac Chauncey, C. W. Goldsborough, Sec'ry. W. G. Ridgely, Chief Clerk, 3,500 General Post-Office. Amos Kendall, Postmaster- General Salary. 3,500 3,500 2,000 1,600 Charles K. Gardner, Selah H. Hobbie, Rickird M. Mason, Assist. Postmaster- Generdf, \st Div. do. do. do. 2d Div. Treasurer and Cliief Clerk, Zd Div. $2,500 2,500 1,700 1836.] FOREIGN INTERCOURSE. 97 II. INTERCOURSE WITH FOREiGN NATIONS. [Department of State, April 1, 1835.] Ministers of the United States in Foreign Countries. Furei:rn States. Ministers Pleni- potentiary. Great Britain, France, Russia, Spain. Portugal, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Prussia, Denmark, Turkey, Mexico, New Grenada, Venezuela, Brazil, Rep. Cent. Am Chili, Peru, A. Vail, CA.d'4/f. IM.Y.' 1832 StateJDjte. William Wilkins, Pa \Vm. T. Barry, Ch^ges d'Jlffaires.\ Edw. Kavenagh, | Auguste Davozac, La Hugh S Legare, Christo. Hughes, Henry Wheaton, F. Woodside, David Porter, Anthony Butler, R. B. Mc. Alee, J.G A. Williamson William Hunter, Ch.D De Witt, Richard Tullard, Samuel Larned, S. C Md. R. 1 Md. R.I. Salary. 1834 1835 1831 1832 1830 1834 1834 ^ 4500 9000 9000 9000 4500 4500 4.500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4.500 4500 4500 4500 4500 Secretaries of Legation. {Salary. J. Randolph Clay, Pa. $2000 Consuls of the United Siatfs in Foreign Countries. Austria, Vienna, Trieste, Barbary, Tunis, Tripoli, Tangier, Bavaria, .Munich, Belgium, Antwerp, Ostend, Brazil, Rio Janeiro, SanSalvador,' Pernambuco, Para, Is. Maranham Rio Grande, Santos, " ll.St.Cath'ne. Bu'os Ay's. Bu'os Ayres, Cent.Amer- Guatcnala, Tiuxillo, Valparaiso, Coquimbo, Canton, Copenhagen, St. Thomas, St Croix, Elsincur, Aleppo, Bcirout, Alexandria, Candia, ('anea, Guayaquil, Palis, Bordeaux, Marseilles, Nantes, Havre doGr. Lyons, 9 ica, Chili, .( China, Denmark & Depen- dencies, it Egypt, Pa- sha of Equator, France and Depen- dencies, J. G. Schwarz George Moore Samuel D Heap l». S. McCauley James R. Leih R. de Reudorffer, Wm . D. Patterson Louis Mark J. M.Baker W. Odlin J. T. Mansfield ICh. J. Smith Charles B. Allen Isaac A. Hayes, George Black Lemuel Welles Eben. R. Dorr Charles Savage G. Coursault Geo. G Hohson Th. T Smith P. W. Snow C J. Hambro Nathan Levy Joseph llidgeway, Th. H Barker Cliev. Dusighello Jasper ChasseauJ Joh Gliddon Vincent Kosa D. Bonnald Seth Sweeizer Daniel Brent George Strobol D C. Croxall F. C. Fen wick R. G. Bcaslcy France, &c. Germany, G. Britain & Depen dencies, Gr ece, Hanseatic Towns, Cette, La Kochelle, Bayonne, Guaria, Isl. Hamburg, Bremen, Theodore Privat Jas J. I'ebess6 Dominic Lynch P. Suau Robert F. Chase Charles Graebe Th. Aspinwall K. B. Ogden Th. Dennison Robert W. Fox Thomas W. Fox Albert Davy R. R. Hunter Alex. Thomson Robert Grieve Edward Baxter Thomas Wilson Reuben Harvey Th. W.Gilpin James Corscadcn Th. M. Perse Horatio Sprague Isaac Chase Paul Froberville John Arthur Wm.T. 'I'ucker George Huyler R. Ilignibotham R. M. Harrison John Haly W. W. Andrewi Wm. Cairoll Moses Benjamin John Morrow Th. Leavitt James Wilkins John Cuthhert Joshua Dodge 98 DNITED STATES. [1836. (i Frankfort, Hayti, P'tau Prince, tt Aux Cayes, (C C'peHaytien, Holland & Amsterdam, Depen- Rotterdam, dencies, Surinam, ti Isle Curasao, cc Balavia, t. Rhiol. Bint., Italian Rome, States, Leghorn, IK Genoa, Mexican Mexico, States, Tampico, u Aguatulco, tc Acapuico, (C S.Blas&Maz. (1 Vera Cruz, (i Metamoros, (C Ciiiliiialiua, C( Santa Ke, ^l Saltillo, it (^ampeche. cc Guayamas, -.t Galvezton, (t Galliod, t( Tabasco, (t Laguna, 4< Brazoria, N.Grenada, Cartliagena, (( Santa Martha (C Panama, Peru, Arequipa, It Lima, u Paita, Portugal &. Lisbon, Depen- St. Lfbes, Uenuies. Madeira, (< Fayal, i< Cape Verd, Prussia, Elberfeld, 11 Stettin, E. Schwendler F. M. Dimond William Miles Samuel Israel J W. Parker ; John Wambi'rsie Thomas Trask Ijouis I'aimbceiif [ John Shillaber Joseph Balestier, Felix Cicognani, T. Appleton Charles Barnet j VVm. S. Parrott ' G. R. Robertson Thomas Reily Harvey Gregg ; J. L. kennedy M. Burrough, D. W. Smith J. S. Lanirham Ceran St. Vrain J. W. McGoffin Samuel Haight C. H. Davis Francis Slaughter John Striker ] R. S. Hicl-s J. VV. Langdon John Parker J. M. Macpherson Afpx. Danouille J. B. Feraud Wm. F. Taylor A. Worthington James Girdon I P. Hutchinson Wm. H. Vesy John U. March C. VV. Dahney Wm. G. Merrill Wm. T. Simons Fred. Schillow RomanSt'e. Russia, Sandwich I, Saxony, Soiiety Isl, Spain & De penden- cies, Sweden, n a Switzerl'nd Turkey, Two Sici- lies, cc Uraguay, Venezuela, cc cc iC Rome, St. Peterb'g, Riga, Odessa, Archangel, S. Island, Leipsic, Otaheite, Cadiz, Barcelona, Malaga, Alicant, Bilhoa, Manilla, Teneriffe, Balearic Isl. Havana, Trinidad, Cu. St. Jago, Matanzas, do. Puerto del P. Ponce, P. R. Guayama, Mayaguez, do Sl.John'.s,do. j Stockholm, i Gottemburg, Bergin, jN'y, Basil, Constan'ple, Smyrna, Salonica, Stancho, Cyprus, Brousa, Naples, Palermo, •Messina, Montevideo, Maracaybo, Puer.Cabello, Laguayra, Angostura, Felix Cicognani A. P. Gibson Alex Schwartz John Ralli Edmund Brandt J. C. JoEies, Jr. Frederick List T.A.Moeienhout Alex. Burton Joseph Bnrias Geo. G. Barrel M. Aguirre A.H.P. Edwards Joseph Cullen Obadiah Rich N.P.Trist, R. R. Stewart Michael Mahoii L. Shoemaker John Owen Hopeful Toler VV. H Tracy George Latimer Syrlney Mason David Erskinc C. A. Murray Helimch Janson J. G. Boker John P. Brown David Offl-y W. B. Llewellen D. Davi nant Narino de Mattey N. L. Perick .^lex. Hammet Benj. Gardner J. L. Payson John Patiick VVm. J Dubbs F. Litchfield Benj. Renshaw T. B. Nttlle Ministers, Consuls, &c. of Foreign Powers in the United States. Austria, Baron de Lederer, Consul-Gen. Jos. Ganahl, V. Consul, Savannah. Baden. C. F. Hoyer, Consul, New York. Bel a- him. Baron de Behr, Minister Resident. E. A. Homer, Consul, Boston. Henry G. T. Mali, do. N. York. Henry Lefebure, do. Charleston. Brazil. D. Cavalcanti D'Albuquerque,CA'^f d'affaires. Manoel. Guilherme dos Reis, Consul General, Philadelphia. Archibald Forte, Consul, Massachu- setts, N. Hampshire, and Maine. C. Griffin, do. New London Samuel Snow, do. Providence. Herman Bruen, do. New York. J. Vaughan, V. Consul, Philadelphia. G. H. Newman, do. Baltimore. Christoph. Neale, do. Alexandria. Myer Myers, da. Norfolk. John P. Calhorde, rfo. Wilmington. Sam'l Chadwick, do. Charleston. J. W. Anderson, do. Savannah, Jas. W. Zacharie, do. N. Orleans. Bremen. Eleazcr Crabtree, Consul, Savannah. John Jacob Werner, Vice Consul, ad int. Philadelphia. 1836.] FOREIGX MINISTERS, CONSULS, &C,, IN THE U. STATES. 99 Chile. Manuel Carvallo, Charge d'affaires. Denmark. Steen Bille, Charge d'.lff'aire.s. W. Ritchie, Vice Consul. Boston. Benjamin Aymar, do. New York. John Buhicn, do. P.iiladelphia, H. G. Jacobson, do. Baltimore. Christ. Neale, do. Alexandria. Fred. M3'ers, Consul, Norfolk. P. K Dickinson, do. Wilmington James H. Ladson, do. Charleston. Wm. Crabtree, jr. do. Savannah. Peter Edw"dS;jrbe, Rho'le Island, Connecticut, New Jersey Pa \ ^-^ Delaware M.iryland „ i E. Dist. V^- i VV.Dist. N. Carolina S. Carolina Georgia, ^^- \ r^. Mississippi ( W Dis T,„„ E Dist. Kenturliy Ohio Indiana Illinois Missouri D. Columbia Judges. .■\sher Ware Mat. Harvey Elijah Paine John Davis John Pitman iV m. Bristol A. Conkling S. R. Betts V\'m. Rossel Jos. Hopkinson Thomas Irwin Willard Hall Blias Glenn P. P. Barbour Alex. Caldwell H Putter Thomas Lee Jor. Cuyler Wm. Crawford Powhatan Ellis S. II. Harper, M. W. Brown Th. B. Monroe H. II. Leavitt Benj. Parke Nathaniel Pope James H. Peck Wm. Cranch Residence. Salary. Portland $1,800 Hopkinton I,U00 Williamstown 1,200 Boston 2,500 Providence 1,,500 New Haven 1 ,500 Albany 2,000 New York 3,.'S00 Mt. Holly 1,500 Philadelphia 2,51)0 Pittsburg 1,800 Helm nt 1 ,500 Baltimore 2,000 Gordonsvillo 1,«00 Clarksburg 1 ,600 Fayetteville 2,000 Charleston 2,500 Savannali a, 500 Mobile 2,500 j 2,000 Winchester New Orleans 3,000 1 1,500 Frankfort 1,500 Steubeiiville 1,000 Salem 1 ,000 Kaskaskia 1. 000 St. ]..ouis 1,200 Washington 2,700 I Jittorneys. John Anderson J. P. Hale D.iniel Kellogg Ijohn Mills IR. W. Greene W. S. Holabird Nat. S. Benton Wm. M. Price G.D. Wall Benj.Patton,Jr. Geo. Read, Jr. N. Williams R. C.Nicholas N. G. Singleton T. P.Devereaux R. B. Gilchrist John Elliot Byrd Brandon Geo. Adams Henry Car leton B. F. Linton J. A. McKinney J.Collingswortli Lewis ."^anders N. H. Swayne T. A. Howard David J. Baker Geo. Shannon E. H. Lee Pay. $2,00 & fees 200 do. 200 do. Fees, &,c. 200 & Fees, 200 do. 200 do. 200 do. 200 do. Fees, &.C. 200 & Fees, 2J0 do. Fees, &c. 200 &. Fees. 200 do. 200 do. Foes, &c. 200 &. Fees. 200 do 200 200 GOO 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 1836.] ■JUDICIATCT. 105 Circuit Courts. The United States are divided into the seven following judicial cir- •cuits, in each of which a Circuit Court is held twice every year, for each State, within the circuit, by a Justice of the Supreme Court, as- signed to the circuit, and by the District Judge of the State or District, in which the Court sit-s. Present Judge. Ist Circuit, Maine, N. Hampshire, Mass., and R. 1., Mr. Justice Story. 2d. do. Vermont, Connecticut, and N.York, Mr. Justice Thompson. New Jersey and Pennsylvania, Mr. Justice Baldwin. Delaware and Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio, In the other six States, viz. Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, and the Territories of Florida, Michigan, and Ar- kansas, no Circuit Court sits, but the District Court in these several states and territories possesses the powers and jurisdiction of a Circuit Court. There is a local Circnit Court held by three Judges in the District of Colunibia, specially appointed for tliat purpose. The Chief Justice of that Court sits also as District Judge of that District. M.ARSHALS, AND CLERKS. 3d. do. 4 th do. 5th do. . C. Wilson Wilmington 200 do. T. Wilhers(ioon Wilmington do. .Nicholas Snyder K. Christian Baltimore Fees, &c. Thomas Spictr Baltimore do. Richmond do. Richard Jeffries Kichniond do. James Points Wheeling 200 & fees. Beverly Oaniel Raleigh Fees, &c. W. H. Haywood Raleigh do. Thomas C. Condy Charleston do. James Jaivey Charleston do. Wm Maxwell Savannah do. George Glenn Savannah do. R. L. Crawford Mobile do. D. Files Mobile do. B. Patteson HunlsvjUe do. C R. Cliaon Huntsville do. W. W. (iwinn Natchez 200 & fees. Wm. Burns Natchez do. J. H. Holland New Orleans 200 do. 1 New Orleans do. Samuel Bell Opelousas Fees, &c J. Lessassier Wm Lyon Knoxville 200 & fees W. C. Mynatt Knoxville do. S. B. Marshall Murfreesboro 200 do. N. A. McNairy Nashville do. J. M..Mct;alla Lexington 200 do. J. H. Hanna Frankfort do. John Patterson Columbus 200 do. Wm. Miner Cohjmbus do. G. Taylor Brownstown 200 do Henry Hurst Corydon do. Henry Wilton Carlyle 200 do. W. H.Brown Vandalia do. Augustus Jones St. Louis 200 do. Jo.seph Gamble St. Louis do. Alexander Hunter Washington Fees, &:c. E. J. Lee Alexandria do. 106 UNITED STATES. [1836. Places and Times of holding the District and Circuit Courts OF THE United States. Maine. N. Hampshire. Vermont. Massachusetts. Rhode Island. Connecticut. New York, S. District. New York, N. District. New Jersev. Pennsylvania, E. District. Pennsylvania, f W. District. \ Delaware. Maryland. Columbia. Virginia, E. District. Virginia, W. District. N. Carolina. S. Carolina. Georgia. Ala., N. District Ala., S. District. District Courts. Wiscassct — Last Tuesday in Feb. and 1st Tuesday in Sept.; — Portland — First Tuesday in June and Dec. Portsmouth — 3d Tuesday in March and Sept.; — £x- elcr — 3d Tuesday in June and Dec. Rutland~6th of October ;— Windsor— 2Mi of May. ■ Boston — 3d Tuesday in March, 4th Tuesday in June, 2d Tuesday in Sept., and 1st Tuesday in Dec. JVewport — 2d Tuesday in May, and 3d in Oct.; — Providence — 1st Tuesday in Aug. and February. JVeio Haven — 4th Tuesday in February and Aug.; — Hartford — 4th Tuesday in May and Nov. JVeio York — 1st Tuesday of each month. ■ Mbany — 3d Tuesday in Jan.; — Utica — Last Tuesday in August. ' JVeJO Brunsicick — 2d Tuesday in March and Sept.; [ — Burlington — 3d Tuesday in May and Novem- ' ber. I Philadelphia — 3d Monday in February, May, Au- [ gust, and November. Pittsburg — 1st Monday in May and 3d Monday in October. ' J^eiocastle i^ Dover — alternately, on the 4th Tuesday in Nov. 1789 ; and three other sessions progres- sively, on the 4th Tuesday of every 3d calendar month. Baltimore — on the 1st Tuesday in March, June, Sept. and December. Washington — 1st Monday in June and December. Richmond — 1.5th of May and 15th of November; — JYorfoUc — 1st of May and 1st of November. Staunton — 1st day of May and 1st day of October; — U'ytke Court House — 3d Monday in April and Sept; — Lfwishurg — 4th Monday in April and Sept.; — Clarksburg— 4th Monday in May and Oct. Edenlon — 3d Monday in April and Oct.; — JVewbem — 4th Monday in April and Oct.; — Wilmington — 1st Monday after the 4th Monday in April and Oct. Charleston — 3d Monday in March and Sept.; 1st Monday in July and 2d Monday in Dec; — Lau- rens Court House — the next Tuesday after the adjournment of the Circuit Court at Columbia. Savannah — 2d Tues. in Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Huntsville — 2d Monday in April and October. Mobile — 1st Monday in May and December. 1836.] Mississippi. La., E. District. La., W. District. Tennessee, E. District. Tennessee , W. District Kentucky. Ohio. Indiana. Illinois. Missouri. .1 Maine. N. Hampshire. Vermont. Massachusetts. Rhode Island. Connecticut. New York. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Delaware. Maryland. Virginia. N. Carolina. S. Carolina. Georgia. Tennessee. Kentucky. Ohio. D. OF Columbia JUDICIARY. 107 Mams Co. Court House — 4th Mond. in Jan. & June. JVeic Orleans — 2d Monday in December. Opelovsas Court House — 2d Monday in June. KnoTville — 3d Monday in April and 2d Monday in October. JS'ashville — 4th Monday in May and November. Frankfort — 1st Monday in May and November, Cuhimhiis — 3d Monday in July, and 4th Monday in December. Indianapolis — last Monday in May and November. Vandalia — 1st Monday in May and December. Jefferson — 1st Monday in March and September. Circuit Cotuts. Portland — 1st May; — Wiscasset — 1st October. Portsmouth — 8th May ; — Exeter — 8th October. Windsor — 21st May ; — Rutland — 3d October. Boston — 15th May and 15th October. J^ewport — 15th June ; — Providence 15th November. " C JYeic Haven — last Wednesday in April ; Hartford — I 17th September. C JVew York — last Monday in Feb., 1st Monday in \ April, last Monday in July and October. Trenton — 1st April and 1st October. Philadelphia — 11th April and lltli October. C JVezccustle and Dover, alternately, 3d June and 27th { Oct. Baltimore — 8th April and 1st November, Richmond — 22d May and 22d November, Raleigh— I2th May and 12th November. C Charleston — 2d Tuesday in April; Columbia — 4th \ Monday in November. C Savannah — Thursday after the 1st Monday in May; .? — Mitledgeville — Thursday after the 1st Monday ( in November. C Nashville — 1st Monday in March and Sept. ; — Knox- \ villc — 2d Monday in October. Frankfort — 1st Monday in May and November. Columbus — 2d Mond. in July and 3d Mond. in Dec. C Washington — 4th Monday in March and November ; ( — Alexandria — 1st Monday in May and October. 106 UNITED STATES. [1836, Vlt. RATES OF POSTAGE. On a Single Letter composed of One Piece of Paper, For any distance, not exceeding 30 miles, 6 cents. Over 30, and not exceeding 80 " 10 " Over 80, and not exceeding 150 " 12^ " Over 150, and not exceeding 400 " 18| " Over 400 miles 25 " A Letter composed of two pieces of paper, is charged with double these rates; of three pieces, with triple; and of four pieces, with quadruple. " One or more pieces of paper, mailed as a letter, and weighing 07ie ffwnce, shall be charged with quadruple posUige ; and at the same rate, should the weight be greater." JVewspaper Postage. For each Newspaper, not carried out of the State in which it is pub- lished, or if carried out of the State, not carried over 100 miles, 1 cent Over 100 miles, and out of the State in which it is published, 1^ cents. Magazines and Phmphlcts. If published periodically, dist. not exceeding 100 miles, T^ cts. per sheet. Ditto do. distance over 100 " 2^ " " If not pub. periodically, dist. not exceeding 100 '• 4 " " Ditto do. distance over 100 " 6 " " "Every Printed Pamphlet or Magazine which contains more thai* twenty-four pages, on a roijal sheet, or any sheet of less dimensions, shall be charged by the sheet; and small pamphlets, printed on a half or quarter sheet, of royal or less size, shall be charged with half the amount of postage charged on a full sheet." The postage on Sliip Letters, if delivered at the office where the vessel arrives, is six cents ; if conveyed by post, two cents in addition to the ordinary postage. • Privilege of Franking. Letters and packets to and from the following officers of the govern- ment, are by law received and conveyed by post, free of postage. The President and Vice-President of the United States, Secretaries of State, Treasury, War, and JNavy ; Attorney-General; Postmaster- General and Assistant Postmasters-General ; Comptrollers, Auditors, Register, and Solicitor of the Treasury; Treasurer; Commissioner of the General Land Office; Commissioners of the Navy Board; Commis- sary-General; Inspectors-General; Quartermaster- General; Paymas- ter-General ; Superintendent of Patent Office ; Speaker and Clerk of the House of Representatives ; President and Secretary of the Senate ; and any individual who shall have been, or may hereafter be, President of the United States; and each may receive newspapers by post, free of postage. 1836.1 RATES OF POSTAGE. 109 Each member of the Senate, afid each member and delegate of the House of Representatives, may send and receive, free of postage, news- papers, letters, and packets, weighing not more than two ounces (in case of excess of weight, excess alone to be paid for,) and all docu- ments printed by order of either House, from the period of sixty days before he takes his seat in Congress, till the next meeting of Congress. Postmasters may send and receive, free of postage, letters and pack- ets not exceeding half an ounce in weight ; and they may receive one daily newspaper, each, or what is equivalent thereto. Printers of newspapers may send one paper to each and every other printer of newspapers within the United States, free of postage, under such regulations as the Postmaster-General may provide. VII. AMOUNT OF POSTAGES FOR THE SEVERAL STATES. States. 1827. 1829. 1831. 1832. 1834. No. P. Of- fices, 1384. New York, $ 212..5o6 272,524 iU,y>l 344 .ao7 430.426 1,687 Pennsylvania, 118,062 152,021 185.217 206.40f :343.406 1.148 Massachusetts, 92,421> 107,545 119,388 12!t:7T. 172.567 469 Virginia, 67,295 75,106 84,078 93,757 114,554 891 Maryland, 56,046 63,616 69,039 76,766 89,235 2:i3 S. Carolina, 44.764 44.675 47.99:; 52.756 60.755 300 Georgia. 39;42b 45.851 54,2:32 61.786 79,925 360 Ohio, 27,48(; 43,266 58.8«3 65:400 100.(352 883 Louisiana, 27,477 29.609 40,794 48,129 61.905 72 Connecticut. 27;640 33:324 34.24.-j :39.480 51.604 252 N. Carolina, 24.505 27,833 28,750 31.821 38.746 557 Kentucky, 23',1]2 28,461 38.705 42.979 53,987 399 Maine, 22,916 29,368 29:9:32 34.234 48.717 446 Alabama, 18,093 20,369 27,24( 32.547 50.514 231 Tennessee, 16,112 24,199 31,423 35,544 43.8.58 470 New Jersey, 15,584 19,766 22.390 25.652 29:817 269 Rhode Island, 12,663 14,109 14,806 15,773 19:002 46 Vermont, 12,305 15,742 19,997 20.295 26.043 287 N. Hampshire, 11,828 16,006 17,298 18,845 23:429 289 Dist. Columbia, 11,516 11,295 14.500 15,118 17,724 3 Mississippi, 9,575 11,125 15,499 17,.529 26,450 126 Missouri, 5,289 9,546 12,!K)7 15,757 19,518 145 Indiana, 4,996 7,793 11,508 14,460 20.835 313 Delaware, 4,691 5,1.56 4,707 6.005 6.465 39 Illinois, 2,447 4,548 7,791 9,764 14,789 204 Michigan, 1,733 2,587 4, .588 7,1:37 12.5:37 139 Florida, 1,579 4,537 6,321 6.722 8:292 51 Arkansas, Total, $ 786 1,310 4,071 2,726 4,100 78 917,893 1,115,227 l,:318,32G 1,471,:371 1 ,969.91 3 10,387 Postages of several of the Principal Cities in 1834. New York, $192,493 Baltimore, $62,505 Cincinnati, $20,991 Philadelphia , 118,:354 N. Orleans, 48.840 Richmond, 20,336 Boston, 77,925 10 Charleston, 30,562 Albany, 16,601 732,169 1 pieces, making $3,660,845 . 117,370 do. do. 293,425 6,412,004 do. do. 3,206,006 . 266,000 do. do. 71,500 635,000 do. do. 63,500 . 1,480,000 do. do. 74,000 1,855,100 do. do. 18,551 . 120,000 do. do. 600 110 UNITED STATES. [1836. VIII. MINT OF THE UNITED STATES. The Mint of the United States was established at Philadelphia in 1792. — Robert Patterson, (appointed in 1835) Director. Operations of the Mint in 1834, according to the Report of Samuel Moore, the late Director, dated January 1, 1835. The coinag-e effected within that period [1834] amounts to 7,388,423 dollars; comprising $3,954,270 in gold coins; $3,415,002 in silver; $19,151 in copper; and consisting of 11,637,643 pieces of coin, viz. Half Eagles Quarter Eagles Half Dollars, Quarter Dollars Dimes Half Dimes Cents Half Cents . 11,637,643 $7,388,423 The deposits of gold within the past year have amounted, in round numbers, to $4,389,000; of which about $1,067,000 consisted of coins of the United States, issued previously to the act of 28th of June, estab- lishing a new ratio of gold to silver: about $898,000 were derived from the gold regions of the United States ; $225,000 from Mexico, South America, and the West Indies; $2,180,000 from Europe ; $12,000 from Africa ; and $9,008 from sources not ascertained. Of the amount received from Europe, about four fifths were in foreign coins. The coinao-e of gold under the new ratio commenced on the 1st day of August, the earliest period permitted by the act. In anticipation, however, of a change in the legal valuation of gold, it had been consid- ered proper to suspend the coinage of all deposits received after the Ist of June. Previously to this period, the sum of $383,545 had been coined, BO that of the above amount of the gold coinage for the past year, $3,570,725 consist of coins of the new standard. This amount, how- ever, is the result of the operations of the Mint, during only five months of the year, corresponding, to an amount, for a full year, of about 8i millions in o-old. Within the same period, the coinage of silver was regularly maintained at the average rate of the whole year, making a general result of both gold and silver corresponding to a yearly coinage of nearly $12,000,000. The amount in gold in the vaults of the Mint on the 1st of August, was $468,500 ; the amount now remaining in the Mint uncoined is $435 000 ; no part of which was deposited earher than the 9th of De- 1836,1 MINT OF THE UNITED STATES. Ill ceiuber. The amount of silver remaining in our vaults for coinage, is, in round numbers, $475,000 ; no part of which was deposited earlier than the 20th of November. The amount of silver coined within the past year, it is satisfactory tu state, has exceeded by about a quarter of a million the silver coinage of any previous year ; while the gold coinage has exceeded the aggregate coinage of gold during the nine preceding years, from 1825 to lb33, in- clusive. The influx of silver during the past year having very considerably exceeded the amount contemplated in the estimates for tlie year, occa- sioned, during a large portion of that period, an unusual retardation m the delivery of coins; and the amount of deposits has no doubt been restrained, to some extent, by this consideration. The estimate for the current year, it is believed, will recover the power required to meet the whole demand for coinage, in a due proportion of the several denomi- nations of coin. Annexed is a table exhibiting the amount of gold received from the gold region of the United States, annually, from the year 1824, inclu- sive. It will be observed that the progressive increase in tJie amount received from that quarter is less conspicuous within the last year. This results, it is believed, in a very material degree, from the attention which has, during that period, been directed to arrangements for working the veins from whence have been derived those superficial deposits of gold, which being most obvious, have heretofore attracted the principal re- ward. Nothing has occurred to weaken the impression before entertained as to the extent and richness of the gold mines of the United States, but much to confirm the confidence before expressed, not merely in their in- creasing productiveness, but in their permanency. Statement of the Amount of Gold produced annually from, the Gold Region of the UnUed States, from 1824 to 1834 inclusive. Virginia. N. Carolina. S. Carolina. Georgia. Tenn. Alabama. Total. 1824 $5,000 $5,000 1825 17,000 17,000 182(i 20,000 20,000 1827 21,000 21.000 1828 46.000 4(5,000 182i) 2,500 134,000 2,500 140.000 1830 24,000 204.000 2().000 212.000 466.0001 1831 2(;,ooo 2'J4,000 22,000 176,000 1,000 1,000 520,000 1832 34,000 458,000 45,000 140.000 1,000 (578,000 1833 KM ,000 475.000 (56,000 216.000 7.000 868,00G 1834 (52,00(1 380,000 38,000 415,00( 3,000 8U8,0()€ 252,500 2,054,000 200,50( 1,15!>,00( 12,000 1 ,000'3,(57!),00fj| 112 UNITED STATES. [1836. IX. PUBLIC DEBT. 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 179(i 179' 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 161); 180() 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1823 1823 1824 1825 182(i il8-J7 11828 1 1829 1830 11831 ;i832 11833 11834 1 1835 Total amount of Public Debt. PAYMENTS. $75,4fi3,47(!.52 77,22 ,924.(36 80,3,52,634.04 78,427,404.77 80,7^7,587..39 83,762,172.07 82,064,479.33 79,228,529 12 78,408,669.77 82,976,294.35 83,038,050.80 80,712,632.25 77,054,686.30 86,4-^7,120.83 82,312,150.50 75,723,270.66 69,218,-398.64 65,196,317.9 57,023,192.09 53,173,217.52 4-i,005,.587.76 45,209,737. 55,962,827.57 81,487,846.24 99,833,660.15 127,334,933.74 123,491,965 16 103,466,633.83 95,.529,648.-:8 9 ,015,566.15 89,987,427.66 93,546,676 98 90,875,877.22 90.269,777.77 a3,788,432.71 81,054,059.99 73,987,357.20 67,475,013.87 58,421,413.1.7 48,565.406.50 39,123,191.68 24 3-^2,235.18 7,001,698.83 4,760 082 08 37,733 05 Paid of Principal. $-2,938,512.06 4,062,037 ■ 3,047,263.18 2,311,285.5' 2,895,260.45 2,640,791 91 2,492 378.76 937,012.86 1,410,589.18 1,203,665 23 2,878,794 1 1 5,413.965.81 3,407,831.43 3,905.204.90 3,220,890.97 5,266,476.73 2,083,141 62 6,832,092.48 3,-586,479.26 5,163,476.93 5.543,470 89 1,998,349.88 7.508,668.22 3,387,304.90 6,874,353.72 17,657,804.24 19,041,823.31 15,279,7,54.88 2,510,3-'8.18 3,502,397.08 3,279,821-61 2,675,987.80 607,331.81 11,574,532.29 7,728,734.88 7,061,.579.95 6,515.514.47 9,0.64,637.47 9,841,024.55 9,443,173.29 14,790,497.46 17,303,041.91 998,-524.90 5,674,412.211 For Interest. $2.090,6.37.44 3 076,628.23 2,714.293.83 3,4l3,-254.50 3,136,671.16 3,183,490.56 3,220,043 06 3,053,281.28 3,186,287.60 3,374,704.72 4 396,998.69 4,120,0:,8.95 3,790,113 41 4,259,.582.55 4.140,998.82 3,694,407.88 3,369.578.48 3,4-28,152.8- 2,866,074.90 2,845,427.53 2 46.5,733.16 2,451.272-57 3,599,455.22 4,593,2:i9.04 5,700,374.91 7,157,-500.42 6,381,209.81 6,016,314.98 5,163,5.38.11 f, 126,097.20 5,087,272.01 5,172,961 .32 4,923,684.60 4,993,861.47 4,370,309.90 3,977,864.65 3,486,071.51 3,098,867.61 2,542,776.22 1,912,574.93 1,, 383,880.76 775,696.94 306,;"88 92 502,152.98 Charges on Foreign Loans, $258,800.00 125,000.00 57,948-28 54,062-20 52,480.00 ' 80,000.00 4,000.00 5,000.00 6,000.00 7,000.00 8,000.00 29,000.00 Loss on Excha lae. $22,975.82 1,563'.97 11,914^24 52,714!59 Total. 54,193.72 55,758.27 131 '.76 $5,287,949.50 7,263,665.99 5,819,505 29 5,801,578.09 6,084,411.61 5,835,846.44 5,792,421.82 3,990,294.14 4,.596.876.78 4,578,369.95 7,291,707.04 9,539,004.76 7,256,159.43 8,171,787.45 7,369,889.79 8,989,884.61 6,307,720,10 10,260,245.35 6,452,554.16 8,008,904.46 8,009,204.05 4,449,622.45 11,108,123.44 7,900,543-94 12,628,922.35 24,871,062.93 25,423,036.12 21,296,201.62 7,703,9-26.29 8,628,494.28 8,367,093.62 7,848,949.12 5,530,016.41 16,508,393.76 12,099,044.78 11,039,444.60 10,001,585.98 12,163,505.08 12,383,800.77 11,355,748,22 16,174,378.iS 18,078,938.85 1,304,913.82 6,176,,565.19 Statement of the Public Debt on the 1st of January, 1835. Stocks. Date of Acts constituting the Stocks. When redeem- able. -Amount. Unfunded registered debt, being claims for services and supplies during the tovolu- tionary war. Treasury Notes issued during the late war, Mi>si3sippi Stock, July 9, 1798. Feb. 24, 1815. March 3, 1815. On presentation. ])0. Do. $-27,437.96 5,975.00 4,320.09 $37,733.05 k8360 BANK OF THE CiMTED STATES. 113 X. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES. At Philadelphia; chartered in 1810, to continue 20 years, or till the 3d of March, 1836, — Capital $35,000,000. nf which the United States ■owns $7,000,000. Nicholas Biddle, President; Samuel Jaudon, Cashier. Directors appointed by the President and Senate of the U. Slates. E. D. Ino-raham. Charles Macalester, Cheney Hickman : — 3 vacancies. Directors elected by the Stockhold- ■crs, Jan. 1835. Nicholas Biddle, John Sergeant, James C. Fisher, -Charles Chauncey, .Matthew Nev.'kirk, Lawrence Lewis, Daniel VV. Coxe, John Bohlen, John R. Neff, Wm. Plait, Alexander Henry, Matthew L. Bevan, Richard Willing, Joshua Lippincott, Henry Pratt, Philadelphia. Robert Lenox, Chnrles A. Davis, JVcJc Forvt. Roswell Colt. James Swan. Md. James R. - Pdngle, S. C. Principal it^ms in the Monthly Stutvnienl of the Bank for June ] , 1835. Ijoaiis on Personal Security liank Slock Other Securities . Domestic l>i!ls of E.xchange $31,761,155.45 1^402,i>8r. 7 1 5,024,351.41 38,787,793.5: 24,854,852.4'; $G3,642,64G.04 Baring, Urotlicrs, &l Co. . 1,890,753 Specie .... 13,912,577.47 Redemption of Public Dnbl -282.893 09 I'reasurer of rlie Unite i States 510,999.14 Public Officers . . . l,016,l>65 89 [ndividual Deposits . . 10,549,197.66 Circubtion , - . 23,009,474.40 Due from Banks . . 4,000,1.58.49 Due to Banks . . . 4,691,8.57 79 Notes of Staie Banks . 3,018,060.45 Branches. Office. State. President. Cashier. Portland, Maine, Joshua Wingate, Jr. Thomas A, A'exander. Portsnioutli, New Hampshire, .Mexander Ladd, Eben Wrntwortli. Boston, .Massachusetts, William Appletiin. Samuel Frotliingham. Providence, Ilhodo Island, Philip Allen, N. Waterman, Jr. Hartford, Connecticut, Enoch Parsons. Joshua P. Burnlmm. Burlington, Vermonl, [leman Allen, Thomas Hockley. New York, New York, Isaac Lawrence, Morris Robinson. Buffalo, do. \Villiam B. Rochester, Daniel Sprigg. Utica, do. .lohn C Devereux, William W. Piazier. Baltimore, Maryland, John M'Kim, jr. John While. Washington, Dist. Columbia, Samuel H. Smith, Richard Smith. Richmond, Virginia, Richard AnriersoH, James Robertson. Norfolk, do. John 'I'abb, Joseph L. Roberis. Fayetteville, North Carolina, John Huske, John W. Sandford. Charleston, South Carolina, Joseph Johnson, Peter Bacot. Savannah, Georgia, John Cumming, James Hunter. Mobile, Alabama, P. M'Loskey, George Poe, jun. New Orleans, Louisiana, W. W. Montgomery, James Saul. Natchez, Mississippi, L. R. Marshall, Thomas Henderson. St. Louis, Missouri, John O'Fallon, Henry S. Coxe. Nashville, Tennessee, Thomas H. Fletcher, John Sum" erville. Louisville, Keotuckr, Horace B. Hill, G. C. Gwalhmey. Lexirigion, do. • John Tiltbrd, M. T. Scott. Cincinnati, Ohio, James Reynolds, Peter Binson, Piitsburgh, Pennsylvania, A. Bracki-nridge, John Thaw. 10* X ^ o AUTHORITIES. Anonymous. Blodget, Estimate. Anonymous. Estimate &- Rep. to Con. Gallatin. Crawford and CHtimates. Gallatin. Gallatin. [Gallatin. Crawford, estimates, and Crawford. Reports to Congress. Gallaiin. Anonymous & estimates. Gallatin. Sandford. Report to Congress. Taney. Estimate, Dec. 1. Anonymous. Do. Chalmers and A. Smith. Chalmeis. 8? 2 2" •[)B9i| .i3ii 'Xjiunoo oi|) ui uinjpaui T-t 05 00 GO CT> O 1 1 >^ i II •Xjiunoa ai|l UI dioads nv S • • • • ai ^ . . . .ta^ -H CO ?0 CM ifi . co. o U3 . b» CO t» 00 .05 S 5 3 5 •si[utq ni aioadg . e ^ ^ .... 1-H « 1-H (>J i-H ^ .is CM -IN.-I OJ (?} .^ M OJ JO . . . . 1— 1 i-H ■^ 5 ■S5|UBq Jaqjo UI jadBj E-c • • o in o 1—1 . . r"i . ?o o o 00 .1-11-1 ■ ^ .1-1 .... pr.aq jad uoi}E[U3J!3 aAHOv ■o o ;s w ci i^ 1— ! 1— i 1-1 per in t ury on th •uo!iB[ndoj cj Tj- -g- o i^ 1^ t^ 00 . no oi . .1-^1—1 . 1— t . I— < lO i: t^ 5 fifi a. g IBIOX ^ '.^ c. =3 'O w o « lO p o "* lO o ■^ 00 . l^ CO 00 00 00 Ci "^ ;z? ■* Specie ary of tl 7J Z o < 3 o H 00 •i^.ijiS E S ^^E SSSSSS ESS t^ 1-1 CO S E ' S •PIOO o o 3< Hffcn" vr: TO t>. hkoo -« SQ *^ -^ t-l t» fH rH t^ Tf ■ 1-H .3* . . ^ 1-1 ^1 H a* -1 •sniou 5(UBq sajEig -n .S C 0 Tf lO O s= s s a 1-1 r- (7J 1-1 s s . . • • g- the Amount [From the Rof E3]0U ijUBg aiBlS pUB3 IBAUJ o C E -c<0 Tf '^ -H ^ -• 1-1 ©J 00 00 gj "^ -r ^ — in rlOl 1 uO T t^ O 00 -C! UT l>. CO CO cr.. o o o o .... id mo(N's'aor^cOTi>i.ocooi050C50oe2co3< ^»^^^^ooaoaDCDODaoooooQOaO'-JDaoaoaoaDQO oo«x> Olrt CO30 1— I 1-^ T— t iH S >> o "So c Tooke. Report to Cong. 1832. Gallatin. Hopkins and Martin. Marshall, [and estimate. White's Rep.,Feh. 1831. Anonymous and returns. Do. Marshall. Marshall. Marshall. Gallatin. Gallatin. Gallatin. Necker. Peuchet. Gallatin. Estimate and Marshall. Estimate and Fr. papers. Gallatin. Storch. Sup. Encyclopaedia Brit. McCullocb. Sup. Encyclopoedia Brit. McCulloch McCulloch. Sup. Encyclopcedia Brit. J)o. do. do. Gallatin. h countries. But McCulloch er $()0 per head, hie, reduced to dollars, with- (r at .1ii4.80; and where the entered across the dividing led in part from actual re- rom writers of authority, but The sums stated, it will be e considered near enotJgh for 1 and ric ie. or o\ above ta d sterlin "ums arc re comp iins are f rtainty. lich wer immeicia fall spec re, in the the poun wn, the imatcs a anonym with CP tions, w • • iiid, and about .$,5 in less cc gland would need $9R0m i lenominations of money a tion to small fractions ; aper or specie was unkno me of those entered as es d some of those considerec s have not been recolleclec in millions and large frac sea of comparison. CO . 10 HS-»» ' • iOJ CO •<3< T-i • - -<-f-tn-»fiwtHf(-o.^?i • -ci^i OJ Ol !M ?t (M ^ r-1 r- .^1-1 -O,- ^ CO • . and Holb hinks Rr 3. Allc aui atten (ind of p ine. So urns ; ai the name seen, are he purpo 1-1 O o l-O --' • o o . CO oj' CI n, are, J well al cir- cases, actual li, and ion he Dgland . 1-1 i>. CO 00 CQ CO ^ r; LO o TO GO OJ lo o LO i~- CI • -S • • • • leemed circulatio ative statement, a hich enter into re mnks is, in some 11 is made from ice the llth, 12l itries, if circulat e, over $10 in £ s OQOCOCO O QO S O C5 S S . 5 s s" s s s s s ' ' s S S S8 T Hcq-ei OJ t~. ■ ■ -« ■" V.0 i.o OJ ■ Ol'— li-l'— li-H 1— l'^ 1—1 HtlTt 00 CO -O-OlO 1.0 lO -^ 'I' • • CO — OJ CO X — l^ ably, he ( s com pa 1 lian^e, \v urope in deduct io ind. He ciiil coui in Franc ' S E = • • • -oc30coT}'-TO{o>r-C2C:c;c;CicOTfOJv.O'3>Oi-oooojri07,461.57 328,438.00 1,097,710.79 Manhattan Co., N. Y. 2,O5O,OJ0.O0 782.717.57 300,391 84 838,418 60 Mechanics' Bank, N. Y. 2,OOJ,000.00 589,053.08 602,909.00 786,273.90 Giiard B'k, Philadelphia, 1,500,000.00 276,035.77 324,780.00 562,066.62 MoyanmnsiTig B'k, Phil. 125,000.00 61 162.68 80,390 00 128,614.31 UnionB'k, of Md., Bait. 1,844,287.50 125,894.60 142,902.00 3.53,631.19 Metropolis, Washington, 530,000.00 220,778.29 226,786.91 441,480.57 Bank of Virginia, Va. 2,740.000.00 586,834,48 2,984,895.00 32.409.03 Planters' B'k. Savannah, 535,400.00 135,709.86 429,644.00 34,414.03 B'k of Augusta, Augusta, 600.000.00 371,583.77 930,477 57 9,370.88 Planters' Bank, Natchez, 3,899,862.14 2,S6,838.57 1,785 303.35 998,064.42 Br. Bank of Ala. Mobile, 2,000.000.00 423,658.26 1,289.420 00 1 ,020,515.48 Un. B'k, of La. N. Orl's, 5,792,000.00 494,398.71 1,149,825.00 .555 187.48 Com. Bank, N. Orleans l,822,tJ50.00 75,655.47 378 ,123 83 366,910.33 Union Bank, Nashville, 1,753,367 47 50,660.03 2,244,831.73 158,346.44 Mer. &. Man. B'k, Pittsb. 598 730 00 36,319.29 332,990.00 20,.534.85 Com. B'k, Cincinnati, 1,000,000.00 125,773.18 302,474.00 287,362.88 Franklin B'k, Cincinnati, 1,000,000.00 270,897.48 455,573.00 376.283.87 Louisville S. In., Louis'e, 58,266.00 56,061.19 133,618.40 Bank of Mich., Detroit, 400,000.00 .55 141. .55 232,955.00 194,989.20 Far. & Mec. B'k, Detroit, 119,540.00 27,095 01 134,2,28.00 149,814,07 $34,847,203.11 $6,864,925.46 $15,521,997.23 $9,342,187,21 XIII. CAPITAL OF THE STATE BANKS. Amount of the Bank Capital of the several Sfatcs of the Union, for the Year 18'34-b, compiled from Official Returns, made to the several Leg- islatures. [From Bicknell's Philadelphia Counterfeit Detector.] Maine, 1834, $2,7^4,00 Georgia, 1834, $8,034,691 N. Hampshire, u 2,4.54,308 Alabama, '• 4,308,207 Vermont, 1833, 911,900 Mississippi, . Total. In Ameri- In Foreign Total. can vessels vessels. Maine, «;869.44I ,8 190,680 ^1,060,121 §7-6.38 588,892 ,^815,277 N. H. 118.235 460 118,695 79,656 79,656 Vt. 322,806 322,806 .S34,.372 334.,372 Mass. 17,299,033 373,076 17,672.129 4,'^.'35 800 316,946 4,672,746 R.I. 426,569 455 427,024 405,967 14,918 420,885 Conn. 381,285 4,435 385,720 421,419 421,419 N.York, 68,292,736 4,895,858 73,188,69^ 11,596,306 2,253,163 13,849,469 N.J. 27 4,465 4,492 6,472 1,659 8,131 Penn. 9,913,792 565,476 10,479,268 1,630,64.5 401,158 2,031,803 Del. 175,735 10,20 185,943 51,945 51,945 Md. 4,218,917 428,566 4,647,483 2,143.899 868,809 3,012,708 D. C. 174,753 2 1, .501 196,254 664,145 142,757 806,902 Va. 734,223 103,102 837,325 4.750,003 719,237 5,469,2'tt) N. C. 19:^,955 28,517 222,472 360,012 111,394 471 .406 s. c. 879,675 907,592 1,787,267 7,255,281 3,864,284 11,119,565 Ga. 202.432 344,o70 54-6, H02 5,166,844 2,400,483 7,567.327 Ala. Miss. Lou 293,638 101,723 395,36 1 4,141,786 1,522,261 5,664,047 8,969,944 4,811,8 5 13,781.809 16.838,562 6,921,045 23,759,607 Ohio, 14,799 4,963 19,767 145.381 96,070 241,451 Fior.Ter 111,957 23,811 135.';;i8 175.2 '8 14,967 190,185 Mich. T. Total, 1 106,202 106,202 36,021 1 36,021 8113,700,174 12,821,158 126,521,332 61,286,119 19,738,0431 81,024,162 4. Value of Imports free of Duty. Value of certain. Articles of Merchandise, Free of Duty, imported during the Years ending on the 30th of Sept. 1833, and 30th Sept. 1834. Year ending Year ending 30ih Sept. 30th Sept. Rags of any kind of cloth, . ... 1833. 1834. 541 1 .785 g5\l,446 Undre.ssed furs, . .... 223,329 360,203 Hides, raw, ..... 3,588,819 3,296,688 Plaster of Paris, ..... 205,698 175.633 l))-e wood, ...... 489.911 604,406 Unmanufactured mahogany, 275,636 353,905 Tin in pigs and bars, .... 235,036 114,210 Cop|)cr in pigs and bars, . . i 575,013 586,791 Copper in plates for shealhing. 824,405 459,923 Old copper, . .... 144,931 105.053 Gold in bullion, .... 48,267 293,665 Silver in bullion, .... 297,840 514,417 Gold in specie, ..... 563,585 3.472,507 Silver in specie, .... 6,160,676 13,631,043 11 122 UNITED STATES. Value of Imports Free of Duty. (Continued.) [1836. 1 *Bcfore4th After 4lh of Year ending Year ending of March. JMarch. 30ih Sept. 30th Sept. Teas, . . . 1833. 18.34. g704,954g) 779,619 5,484,603 6 213,835 Coflee, 3,570,248 (j 997,051 10,507,299 201,452 8,76-2.657 Cocoa, 43,948! 157,504 229,147 Fruits; — Almonds, cur- '^ ' ranis, prunes, figs, and S- 437,382 367,922 805,304 1,157,717 raisins. j Spices : — Mace,nutincgs , "j cinnamon, cloves, pep- i per, pimento, cassia, | 196,114 723,419 919,493 493,862 and ging^er. J ^ 5. Value of Ijiports paying Specific Duties. Value of certain Jlrtidcs of Merchandise paying specific Duties, imported during the Years ending on the ZQth Stptember, 1833, and the 30iA Sep- tember, 1834. ^ ear ending Year ending 30th Sept. 1833 Wine. < Flannels, ..... p .^ ( Brussels, Wilton, and treMe ingrained, " °' ( Other ingrained and Venetian, Cotton bagging, .... Madeira, .... Sherry, .... Sicily, ..... Red, of France, in casks, Ived, of Spain and Austria, in casks, Of France, in bottles and cases, Oilier of France, . . ^ Other of Spain, Austria, Germany, and > the Mediterranean, in casks, . ) [ Of other countries, not enumerated,in casks, Distilled < From grain. Spirits. ^ From other materials, . Molasses, ..... Beer, ale, and porter, .... Olive, in casks, . . . ^ Sperm, whale, castor, rapeseed, hempseed, > C Linseed, . . . . . j) c5 ( Brown, .... Si'gar,J^V',,ite"' Cigars, Lead, pig, bar, and sheet. Cordage, — cables and tarred. Twine, packthread, &.c. Iron cables and chains, Sheet and hoop iron, . Pig iron, .... P J ( manufactured by rolling tsar iron, ^ manufactured otherwise. Steel, ... Hemp, .... Salt, .... Coal, .... Glass bottles, Oil 'aye( ,g;il8,15I 147,8-:0 171,606 158,681 391,382 121,382 76,614 I 449,878 429.331 5 464,073 307,391 331,9.:,8 1,205,268 2,867,986 94,325 I 529,922 ~ 3,982,877 769,466 484,4.56 60,660 142,5.38 118,739 192,022 245,848 217,668 1,002,750 1,837,473 523,1 16 470,973 996,418 261,575 118,820 30th Sept. 1834. ,'^200,580 197,037 199,831 237,260 599,664 211,987 177,781 ; 499,701 ' 86.156 377,543 - 204,438 ' 405,310 323,143 264,340 1,054,903 2,989.020 100,888 ■ H8,816 [ 206 315,972 5,027,377 510,4,52 671,791 168,811 147,805 140,481 121,487 190,237 270,325 1,187,236 1,742,883 554,150 514,743 839,3 i 5 200,277 117,421 * The3e several articles were not free of duty till after the 4th of March, 1833. 1836.] IMPORTS. 123 6. Value of Imports subject to Duties ad Valorem. Falue of certain Articles of Merchandise, subject to Duties ad Valorem im- ported during the years ending the 30!ca lonsa, Ala. New Tuscaloosa, do Spring Hill, do. Washington, Mi. Oakland, do Jackson, do. Grei-nville, Tenn. Washington Co. do. Nashville, do. Knoxville, do. Near Columbia, do. Lexington, Ken. Bardstown, do Danville, do. Augusta, do. Princeton, do. Geoigetown, do. Athens, Ohio. Oxford, do. New Athens, do. Hudson, do. Presidents. William Allen, D. D. Rufus Babcock, D. I). Nathan Lord, 0. D. John Wheeler, D. D. Joshua Bates, D. U. Alden Partridge,- A. M. Josiah tiuiiicy LL^ D. Edward D. Griffin, U. D. Ileman Humphiey, L). D. Francis Wayland, D. D. Jeremiah Day, D. I). jNath'l S. Wheaton, D. D. iWilburF.sk, D. D. William A. Duer, LL. D. Rliphalct Nott, D. D. Sercno E. D wight, D. D. Nalh'l Kendrick, D. D. Richard S. Mason, D. D. J. M. ftlatthews, D. D. James Carnahan, D. D. Philip .Millcdoler, D. D. John Ludlow D. D. J(din P. Durbin, A. M. Matthew Brown, D. D. David McConaugliy, D. D. Maitin Ruter, D. I). W. W. Irwin, C. P. Kraulh, A. HI. George Jiidkiii, D. D. Chauncev Cidton, D. D. Eliph. W.Gilbert, Hector Humphrey, D. D. John P. Chanche, Thomas R. Bntler, Fiederick Hall, M. D I'homas F. .Mullcdy, D D. .■^tcpheIl Ch.ipin, D. D. Adam Empie, D. D. Daniel Caroll, D. D. Henry Vethake, A. IM. J. A. C. Davis, Cliuirinan. Stephen P. Olin, D. D. Jasper Adams, D. D. Alonzo Church, D. D. Mva V\ood3, D. D. II. Payue, John IJazin, U. Dubuisson, Jer. Chanibeilin, D. D. James Shannon, Henry Hoss, Esq. James Maclin, Philip Lindsley, D. D. Joseph Estahrook, A. M. Benjamin Laberee. A. M. Thomas W. Coit, D. D. George A. M Elder, John C Young, .\. M. Geo. C. Tomlinson, A. M. I'. R. Cossit, Robert G. Wilson, D. D. R. II Bishop, D. D. Richaid Campbell, George E. Pierce, A. M. Foun- ded. 1794 1820 1770 1791 1800 1834 1638 1793 1821 1764 1700 1824 1831 17.'>4 1795 1812 1819 1823 1831 1746 1770 17.55 1783 1802 1806 1806 1820 1832 1832 1833 1633 1784 1799 1830 1832 1799 1821 1693 1774 1812 1819 1831 1791 1785 1804 1785 1828 1830 1810 1802 1831 1825 1794 1794 1806 1807 1830 1798 1819 1822 \mz 1825 1830 1821 1824 1821 1826 1836.] COLLEGES. 129 UNITED STATES. list No. of Alumni. No. of Stu dent Vols in Vols, in < uct- )rs. "To" Minis- ters. College Lib'ries. Stud'ts' Lib'ries 498 41 144 8,000 6,000 2 7 99 18 94 2,000 1,000 3 U 1,764 481 171 4,.=>00 8,500 4 5 203 . 85 1,500 1,200 5 5 632 228 100 2,330 3,100 6 5 , , 7 30 5,321 1,344 217 40,000 4,.500 8 7 800 120 3,000 3,-; 00 9 9 384 '66 243 4,300 6,^59 10 8 1,253 450 167 6,000 5,600 11 27 4,485 1,297 354 10,000 11,000 12 8 115 42 43 2,000 2,500 13 6 , 95 3 000 . 14 11 1.200 , 100 8,000 6,000 15 10 1,600 308 232 5,350 8,920 16 6 270 69 115 2,500 3,700 17 9 124 . 68 1,600 . 18 7 18 9 44 820 1,150 19 16 226 , , 20 13 2,064 424 215 7,000 4,000 21 8 257 39 93 3,000 3,500 22 20 93 2,000 , 23 4 20 2,000 , 24 7 404 170 175 1.000 2,400 25 7 146 47 1,500 , 26 4 10 120 8,000 27 4 45 50 , 28 6 90 . _ 29 4 23 , , 30 8 80 , , 31 5 75 1,000 , 3-2 6 645 58 2.700 400 33 24 193 10,.500 „ 34 25 21 90 7,000 , 35 7 45 , 36 17 90 134 10,000 . 37 9 50 4,000 , 38 6 45 3,500 600 39 6 90 5,0')0 3,200 40 4 380 46 1.500 41 9 118 211 10,500 ^ 42 4 120 , . 43 7 334 loo 1,800 3,000 44 5 65 12 100 3,000 50 45 6 , 10,000 , 46 9 305 126 4,000 2,500 47 6 26 104 3,000 600 48 120 , , 49 8 85 , ^ 50 70 .. , 51 4 1.30 , 52 4 15 ' 350 , 53 2 100 30 3,600 ^ 54 1 100 20 500 , 55 6 148 105 2.100 3,200 56 2 45 3,000 200 57 6 3 100 1,250 , 58 4 600 'so 48 2,400 2,000 59 14 30 130 5,000 , 60 8 66 1,600 , 61 6 60 75 2,000 500 62 3 28 72 500 • 63 3 56 1,200 64 5 72 26 45 1.000 'l,000 65 8 80 17 126 1.200 2,500 66 4 7 . 40 1,200 , 67 7 25 . 54 1,600 300 Commencement. First Wednesday in September. Last Wednesday in July. Last Wednesday in July. First Wednesday in August. Third Wednesday in August. Wed. Iwfore 3dThur3. in Aug. Last Wednesday in August. Third Wednesday in August. Fourth Wednesday in August. First Wednesday in September. 'I'hird Wednesday in August. First Thursday in August, Second Wednesday in August. First Tuesday in August. Fourth Wednesday in August. Second Wednesday in August. Third Wednesday in August. First Wednesday in August. Third Wednesday in July. La>:t Wednesday in September. Third Wednesday in July. Last Thursday in July. Last Thursday in September. Last Wednesday in September. Last Friday in June. Fourth Wednesday in Sept. The^d of February. Third Tuesday in July. Last week in June. Near the last of July. First Wednesday in October. July 4th. Fourth Wednesday in Sept. Third Wednesday in April. July 20th. Fourth Thursday in June. Last Thursday in October. 3d Mond. after 4th Mond. in Nov First Wednesday in August. Second Monday in August. Second "Wednesday in June. Third Wednesday in Sept. First W^ednesday in October. First Thursday in October. Last Wednesday in September, August IsL. Thursday after 3d Wed. in Sept Thursday after 1st Wed. in Aug. First Wednesday in December. First Wednesday in September. Wed after 3d Tuesday in Sept Last Wcdncsd.iy in September. Last Wednesday in September. 300 (Fourth Wednesday in August. 130 UNITED STATES. [1836. COLLEGES IN THE 68 Name. Place. Presidents. Foun- ..ed. Kenyoti,f Gambier, Ohio. C. P. Mcllvane, D. i>. ]82:3 69l Granville,* Granvillo, do. John Pratt, 1832 71) Marietta, Marietta, do. 1833 71 Oherliii Inst. Now Elyria, do. Asa Mahan, 1834 7'2 Willoughby Univ., Chagrin, do. -Vehe'iiiah Allen, Esq. 1834 VJ Indiana, Bloomington, Ind. Andrew VVylie, D. D. 1827 74 South Hanover, South Hanover, do. James BIyth, D D. 1829 V.S Wal)ash, Crawfordsvilie, do. Slihu W. Baldwin, A. M. 1833 7b Illinois, Jacksonville, II. ■'.dward Beecher, A. M. 1830 VV University of St. Louis,^ St. Louis, Mo. P. J. Verhaegen, 18» V8 St. Mary's,^ Barrens, do. l..hn M. Odin, 1830 79 Marion, New Palmyra, do. A^m. S. Potts, 1831 Reniarks, The Colleges marked thus (*) are under the direction of the Baptists; thus (f) Episco- palians ; thus (J) Methodists ; thus ($) Catholics. With respect to the Colleges which are unmarked, the prevailing religious influence of those that are in the New England States, is Congregationalism; of the most of the others, Presbyterianism. Norwich University is an Institution recently established by the Univcrsalists. By students in the above table, with respect to all the New England Colleges (except the Wesleyan University,) and many of the others, is meant under graduates, or mem- Bowdoin, Waterville. Dartmouth. Vermont Univ. Middlebury. Harvard. Williams. Amherst. Brown. Yale. Washington. Wesleyan Univ. Columbia. Union. Hamilton. Gteneva. Collegeof N. J. Rutgers. Penn. University. Jefferson. Washington. St. John's. St. Mary's. XXV. Vacations in Colleges 1. Com., 3 weeks ■,—2. Friday after 3d Wed. Dec, 8 weeks ;— 3. Friday after 3d Wed. May. 2 weeks. I. Com., 4 weeks ; 2. — Last VVed. Nov., 9 weeks. 1. Com., 4 wee^s ;— 2. Last Mond. IJec, G 1-2 weeks ;— 3. Thurs- day preceding the last VVed. May, 2 1-2 weeks. 1. Com., 4 weeks ; — •>. I.st VVed. Jan., 8 weeks. 1. Com., 4 weeks; — ^2. 1st VVed. Jan., 7 weeks ; — 3. 3d Wed. May, 2 weeks. 1. Wed. preceding 2.5th December, 2 weeks ; — 2. 1st Wed. April, 2 weeks ; — 3. preceding commencement, 6 weeks. 1. Com., 4 weeks -,—2. Wed. alter 3a VVed. Dec, 6 weeks ;— 3. 1st VVed. May, 3 weeks. 1. Com., 6 weeks;— 2. 2d Wed. Jan., 2 weeks; — 3. 1st Wed. May, 4 weeks. 1. Com. 4 weekd ; — 2. kst Friday in Dec, 2 weeks ; — 3. 2d Friday in May, 3 weeks. 1. Com., 6 weeks;— 2. 1st Wed. Jan., 2 weeks; — 3. last Wed. April, 4 week*. 1. Com., 7 weeks; — 2. Thursday before Christmas, 2 weeks; — 3. Thursday before 12th .\pril, 3 weeks. 1. Wed. before Cliiistmas, 7 weeks ; — 2. preceding com., 5 weeks. 1. Com., to the 1st Monday in October. 1. Com., 6 weeks ; — '2. in Dec, 4 weeks ; — 3. in April 4 weeks. 1. Com., .5 weeks;— 2. 3d Wed. Dec, 4 weeks;— 3. 3d Wed. April 4 weeks. 1. Com., 6 weeks ; — 2. at Christmas and New Year, 2 weeks ; — 3. In .April, 3 weeks. 1. Com. 6 weeks ; — 2. 1st Thursday after 2d Tuesday April, 5 weeks. 1. Com., to t^ept. 15 ; 2. Dec. 21 to Jan 7 ;— 3. Apiil 7 to May 1. 1. Com.. 6 weeks ; 2. Dec 2 weeks ; — 3. April 2 weeks. 1. Montli of October ;— 2. Month of May. 1. Month of October ; — 2. Month of May.- 1. Good Friday, 10 days ;— 2. Last VV'ed. July to the Ist Mood, Sept. ; — 3 Dec. 23 to 1st Mond. Jan. 1. Com. to the 1st Monday in Sept. COLLEGES. 1836.] UNITED STATES. (Continued.) 131 Inst- ruct- ors. No. of Alumni. No. of Minis- ters. Stud- ents. Vols, in (;olleg • Lib'ries. Vols in Stuil'ts' Lib'ries. Commencement. 68 14 67 2,300 First Wednesday in August^ 69 6 153 3,000 70 4 93 . 71 4 . . 79! H . . 73 ^ 10 1 90 eoo 400 Last Wednesday in September. 74 9 4 230 . 75 3 40 76 .■> 25 1,500 Third Wedncsi'ay in September. 77 15 9 200 7,500 July 31st. 78 15 5 124 6,000 Near the last of September. 79 7 50 bers of the four collegiate classes ; not including such as are pursuing professional edu- cation, or such as are members of a preparatory dep;irtmont ; but the gieater part of the students in the Catholic Colleges, and also many of the other Southern and Western Colleges, belong to the preparatory department. The whole number of students, on' the Catalogue, including those of theology, law, and medicine, as well as undergraduates, in Harvard University in 1835, was 366; in Yale College, 523. Some of the Colleges above enumerated, are not in full operation ; and scarcely deserve a place in the Table. Several other Colleges have been incorporated, which are not yet fully organized. IN THE United States. July 1 to August 16. Coin, to 1st Wed. Nov. ; — 2. 1st Wed. May to 1st Wed. in July. Com. to the last Monday in October. Month of October ; — 2. Month of May. Com. to 3d W«d. May •, — 2. 3d Wed. Oct. to 3d Wed. Nov. July -0 to September 10. Com., 6 weeks ; — 2. Dec. 15, 4 weeks. Month of l>ecenilier ; — 2. in April, 3 weeks. July 1 to the 1st Monday in October. Ciep. Yale College, Thfccil. Inst, of Conn. Th(n)l. Ins. Efth. ("Iiurch, Theol. Sein. ofAiihurn, Hamilton Lit. & Th. Inst. H.iitwick Seminary, Th. Sem. Dutcli Ref Ch. Theol. Sem, Pr. Ch. U. S. Sem. Luth. i h. U. S. German Refornied, West. Theol Seminary, Theological School, Theological Seminary, Epis Theol School of Va. Union Theol Seminary, Virginia Baptist Seminary, Southern Tneol. Sein. Theological Seminary, Furman Theol. Seminary. South West. Theol. Sem. Theological School. Lane Seminary, Theol. Dep. Ken. College, Theol. Dep. W. Ros. Col. Theological School, Granville Theolog. Dep Indiana Theol. Seminary, Place. Bangor, Mn. Andover, Mass. I'amhridge. do. Newton, do. N. Haven, Ct. E. Windsor, do. New York, .N. Y. .\uhurn, do. Hamilton, do. Hart wick, do. N. Br'wick, N. J Princeton, do. Gettysburg, Pa. York, do, Allegheny T. do, Can nsburg, do Pittsburg, Fairl"a.x Co. Pr. Ed Co. Richmond, Columbia, Lex'gton, High Hills Maryville, Lexington, Ken Cincinnati, Ohio do Va, do do S. C S. C S. C Ten Gambler, Hudson, Colund>us, (Jranville, S. Hanover, Denomina- tion. Cong. Cong Cong. Unit. Baptist, Cong. Cong. Prot. Kpig Preshyt. Baptist, Lulheran, Dutch Ref. Pr.!shyt. Evang. L G. Ref Ch. Presbyt. Asso. Ch. Asso. Ref. I'rot. Kpis. Presbyt. Baptist, Presbyt. Lutheran, Ba|>tist, Piesbyt. Prot Epis. Presbyt. Prot. Epis. Presbyt. Lulheran, Baptist, Presbyt. Com. 3 .So oper- cu o lavv:irc, Maryland, Vrrtrinia North ("arolina, Sontli Carolina, Georgia, Alaliiuna , Mississippi, l.onisi ma, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohi ., Indiana, IlliiiMis, Missouri, Seats of Govern- ment. Augusta, Concord, Montpclier, Boston, I Providence, / and Newport, Hart. & N. Hav. .Albany, Trenton, Harrisburg, Dover, Annapolis, Richmond, Raleigh, Coluinhia, Milledgeville, Tuscaloosa, Jackson New Orleans, Nashville, Frankfort, Coluin!)ns, ln28| 748.308 393 J51 249,0731 82,5481 35.791 i 73,0771 151,719 183,702 l.)4,4()5 423.245 69,122 251,002 580,750 211.949 002.305 04;273 34];548 880;200 478!l03 345^591 102,101 ' 8,850 105.002 220.955 45.305 4.875 14,093 1810. 1820. 228,705 214.300 217,713 472.040 77.031 202.042 1359,!. 49 249.555 810'0',il 72.074 380.546 974.022 555,500 415.1 15 252.433 20^845 40,:352 70. -550 2(il ^727 400,511 230.700 24.520 12,282 20.«45 24,(;23 4,762 298,335 244.101 235,7(^4 523.2s7 83.059 275.202 L372,812 277,575 1,049,458 72.749 407,350 1 .065,379 038.829 502.741 34o;987 127:901 75,448 153.407 422.813 504.317 581.4:34 147.17f 55,211 66.586 33,039 ' 8.896 14.273 1830. 3,929,827 5,305,925|7,239,814 9,638,131 12,866,920 399,955 269^328 280,652 610,408 t7.199 217,065 1,918'.60S 320.823 1,348.233 70.748 447.040 l,21i:4C5 737,987 581.185 51(i,^23 309.527 136,621 215739 681,904 6ft7,917 937.903 343,1 131 157.455 140^445 3I':834 34.730 31.639 30,38.8 < 75 1=) '■A a > < m > X! oooor^oo'!rc^.?(^i^ — — . — wC^xr5«oor C5 — ^^--c — • 55 T CI Cl t~ T L- lO ^ 1.T.O I! TT CQ — OC^)^ r^ — in of rf(>r=ri--rin i-'"t-'u~'ci"— ' u'f * in'^co .^ c CO (N .-H — ■r ujrs M-H ' .— (TJ" eo ooooGOi^cot majr^i^irt-csj-a-^t^o g^?!f^ E: ■^ ^ o'^coiicr: — — T- a)x^ — 1^ ^ ^ c; :> = .r; -T ^ r; Soc ;>) I. 3 -^ — T (ri(n — -• o o o o g o 1- — .J. 1- 2.' i 2", 5 i; ^ =. ja .3 i^ X — c; -r -■-: — =; CI -li 2 r5 =; if 1 '-: u- i :tm o 'i >--: o d — <= « o in= -T — trix-jjo t~-T"T = eoL- r-— . — (^^=-. -^^.^rroo "^ is "■ ■*H 0X)00— 1 — CTJ)'=«>f>5S'-= — •* 05 -^f ift •<■ ,— • oD.rs^'-S'ioinjocioioo oo ooto n ■5' O o Sci:^-^-' -i^!D r 'T 00 — C) r: 1" CO ■W 2" gi5;i?PSS?J,!.:J„§ ^,S r* i» O « o s rf — " ■ = ■'->■ • . . :i 'J . - . . c =■ 0" ^Oh"F-'H ..J" . ^ . .-c"^:^ .53 — — =300) 5£:::5Qt;5;) 18 17 2100 10 10 1 (.8!/ 11 13 1,223 8 8 700 11 12 1,405 291 323 46,950 2,100 * There are about 150 Congregational Ministers, and 160 or 170 Churches, in Massachusetts not connected with the General Associa- tion ; the greater part of them being Unitarian. J4flf tfNITEI> STATES. [1836. Minist- Church Commu- nicants. f 1. Hartford N. Associat'n 31 24 4.147 2. Hartford S. do. 16 17 2,c'17 3 New Haven W. do. 30 22 3.2(2 4. New Haven E. do. 2.5 1(3 1,475 General Associa- 5. New London do. 27 2(j 2.416 tion OF Connec- G. Fairfield W. do. 25 19 2,416 ticut. 1 7 Fairfield E. do. 14 12 2,034 [auarterly Reg. 1834.] d. Windham do. 24 25 3.001 9. Litchfield N. do. 21 22 1,863 10. Litchfield S. do. 19 17 1 .299 11. Middlesex do. 20 15 2,454 ^^^12. Tolland Total, Grand Total, do. 19 17 2,3.55 271 232 29,579 975 1.071 129,756 * .* There is, in addition to the above, a considerable number of Con- gregational churches in the States to the south of New England. 2. Presbyterian Church. [From tho Minutes of the General Assembly for 3834.] This large and respectable denomination is numerous in the Mid- dle States, and considerably so in the Southern and Western States. Two Presbyteries i>nly those of Londonderry and Newburyport, are found in New England. — The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church meets annuall}' in the city of Philadelphia, on tlie 3d Tliurs- day of May. .= a -6 _: Names of Names nf s -09 2 ^4 g5 g2 M-l Synods. Preshyteries. *c c 3 3 "^ 5 O '77 "^ s^ ^ 19 o o 3 irO 2,067 i<2 Sa Londonderry, 12 Newburyport, 15 2 383 $227.00 Albany. = Champlain, 17 3 19 2.257 539..50 $60.00 Albany, 34 3 32 6,332 3,881.12 2..-)'.!0 41 Troy, 28 1 29 4,317 965.00 1,2«2.25 Columbia, 27 3 18 2,175 Watertown, 16 1 24 2,744 782.67 291 13 St. Lawrence, 10 1 10 933 227.00 213.10 Utica. Oswego, 13 23 2,129 444.69 172.37 Oneida, 48 7 4(. 5.364 2,570.34 890.05 Otsego, 11 ] 18 2,140 955.89 243.00 Chenango, 14 22 2,268 1.675.7: 208.61 Delaware, 8 15 1 ,938 948.30 180.67 Cortland, 12 1 16 2,045 551.28 210/i9 Onondaga, 17 4 26 2,864 837.92 500.45 Delaware. -^ Cayuga, 31 15 31 4,296 2,412.27 813.37 1836. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 141 Names of Names of ft i C - — c 11 c '■ C.2 ■- £ Synods. Preebytfries. _« q3 u •=i C m 'c u 3 £ E V. ~ = C i 1 18 a o gtS 5£ Delaware. Tioga, Y^ 1,703 $379.2(; $98..50 Geneva, 37 1 38 4,378 6,878.62 3,237.70 Bath, 22 36 2,617 1,028.78 235.50 c Angelica, 10 19 1.322 64.19 22.00 Ontario, 23 ] 23 1,710 658.97 355.03 Genesee. ■< Rochester, 25 2 25 3.742 2,744.81 510.06 Genesee, 22 1 26 1 ,670 605.68 591.89 Niagrara, 13 1 18 1,317 Buffalo, 33 43 3.259 1,014.47 333.00 r Hudson, 23 2 26 3.409 1,049.00 210.50 North River, 14 2 19 2,634 63().07 369.16 Bedford, 10 1 16 1,125 639.59 284.90 New York. < Long Island, L. Island, 2d. 13 9 1 12 11 1,357 1,065 529.00 156 39 2().50 32.77 New York, 24 5 13 4,506 7,206.88 5,294.34 New York 2d. 8 4 1,083 3,086.87 61 1.00 New York 3d. 33 6 21 5.708 12.570.37 4,275.28 r Newark, 31 2 27 3.791 3,997.36 782.08 Elizabethto'n, 23 6 20 3.780 1,893.86 839.91 N. Jersey. < N. Brunswick, Newton, 26 26 8 2 19 32 3,283 3,437 2.083.65 '913.24 777.29 295.93 Susquehanna, 12 17 1,008 222 !:2 87.00 Montrose, 12 1 19 1,334 366.21 139.85 c Philadelphia, 19 3 19 3,000 1,339.92 926.00 Phil. 2d, S\jno. 11 3 17 1,820 1,265.11 1,640.00 New Castle, 25 4 33 4,228 1,161.1] 415.00 Philadelp'a< Baltimore, 12 6 9 1,376 2.885.00 3,.568.00 D. Columbia, 14 3 9 1,134 561 77 247.70 Carlisle, 28 2 48 4,843 1,185.01 228.50 Huntingdon, 19 1 33 4,063 835.16 114.37 Northumbnd, 10 5 18 1 ,767 677.75 5.00 c Philadelp'a2d. 22 4 17 4,068 7.837 72 2,912..59 Delaware. < Wilmington, 10 15 1,254 1,007.00 354.75 ^ Lewes, 6 13 836 63.25 13.50 ' Allegheny, 12 29 2,139 r2.28 8L.62 Erie, 17 2 37 2;889 378.13 10.00 Beaver, 15 34 3,220 243.38 14.66 Pittsburg. < Redstone, 11 26 2,983 40t..ll 97.19 Steubenville, 14 30 2,167 379.10 87.00 Washington, ]9 22 3,157 2.268.36 595.13 Ohio, 30 31 3,r>37 1,973.42 602.97 Blairsville, 17 26 3,2.52 806.04 100.81 c Detroit, 8 13 476 1 10.00 Michigan. ^ St. Joseph, 4 5 128 5100 77.00 ( Monroe. 7 14 793 362.00 116 00 Grand River, 21 28 1 .()05 315.00 199.58 Western Reserve. Portage, 21 27 1.875 934.61 605.11 Huron, 13 22 807 195.00 296.49 Trumbull, 8 17 782 2!) 1.01 215.66 Cleaveland, 21 30 1,.526 864.52 420.00 Columbus, 17 33 2,267 340 11 147.33 Ohio. Richland, 19 50 2,940 478.46 124.34 Lancaster, 18 36 2,558 1 ,003 34 621 .30 Athens, 9 18 1,178 454.10 416.60 142 UNITED STATES. [183G. Names of Names of 2 DQ 00 c • — c S.2 ? 5 c •- -c .2 S Synods. Presbyteiies. 4.J .2 a> "0 a li 01 a m O-O .3^ J3 c "- 3 •T3 3 s J 27 HU Sfc< Hb f Miami, 17 2.480 $916.12 $23v).41 Cincinnati. < Chillicothe, 19 G 2G 2,963 54364 414.48 Cincinnati, 2G 2 31 3,227 1,805.72 884.24 Oxford, 18 2 2.') 1,446 336 50 179..50 Salem, () 2 20 824 49.65 232.75 Madison, 12 2 1() 857 109.57 105 00 Indiana. Vincennes, y IG 80G 22 50 17.41 Crawfordsville, 12 1 22 858 40.68 239.25 \ Indianapolis, .. [llinois, 11 -^ 9 994 '^ 278 80.00 125J)0 ^TG5.5(r «^ Kaskaskia, 9 1 20 587 74 75 30.00 Illinois. < Sangamon, c 9 323 11.00 111 00 Schuyler, 5 4 158 34.00 57.00 L Palestine, 5 10 221 5.00 5.50 Missouri. ^ St. Louis, Missouri, H' 3 12 330 902.25 681 .59 9 - - ^ St. Charles, 7 12 427 - Louisville, 10 2 22 1,214 537 23 792.50 Muhlenbuigh, 6 20 747 2.12 1.25 Kentucky. < Transylvania, 1.5 3 27 2,-55 1 736.47 2,128.04 W. Lexington, 21 4 30 2.330 445.09 1.28 1. .50 Ebenezer, 9 3 21 1,.53G 440.20 357.00 r Winchester, 14 1 2;» 2,2nft 497.26 733.94 Virginia. < East Hanover, 18 5 14 1 327 2.4Sd.66 2,372.00 W. Hanover, 31 10 33 2.4m 810.11 485.00 I Le.^ington, 25 4 41 6,489 934. (;7 880.41 Orange, 33 7 40 2,338 740.15 2iJ7.50 N.(>arolina. \ Fayetteville, 17 3 44 4,231 10.00 8.00 ^ Concord, 19 1 48 4,422 291.00 815.00 f Abingdon, 7 11 781 6.27 2.50 Tennessee. < Union, Holston, 2(i 9 4 30 14 3.059 1 ,941 French Broad, 8 12 1,3.58 25.00 > W. Tennessee, 18 17 1,426 343.67 276.00 Txr m Shiloh, 9 3 2fi 1.400 1.58.87 32{).75 W. Tenn. < N. Alabama, 10 2 15 ■725 251 12 273.00 Western Dist. 14 22 742 18.50 66 43 > S. Carolina, 14 1 35 2,917 17..56 270 .V5 Bethel, 9 2 19 2,072 93.75 110.00 S. Carolina & Georgia.' Hopewell, 19 1 35 1,586 Charleston Un. 19 7 12 936 2,000.00 2,000.00 Harmony, 1(5 2 25 2.401 402.00 216.25 Georgia, 13 10 376 279.93 115.00 Good Hope, 11 1 25 1,420 193.07 182.62 Mississippi Mississippi, 12 3 26 679 576.25 430.00 S. Alabama, 21 3 33 1.878 939.24 345.00 & S. Ala. ' lotal, 2: Tombigbee, 8 I 12 '3!)0 Clinton, 5 118 7 1,914 2 7 1,34 236 2,64t 247,964 114,687.09 60,909.00 1836.] REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH. 143 3. Reformed Dutch Chcrch. This denomination comprises one General Synod, and is found chiefly in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. The General Synod meets annually on the 1st Wednesday in June. Synods. Particular Synod of New York. Particular Synod of Albany. L Classes. 11. New York Classis, 12. New York S. do. 3. New Brunswick do. '4. Bergen do. 5. Pararnus do. 6. Long Iciland do. )7. Philadelphia do. 8. Poughkeepsie do. Total, Classis, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 1. Albany 2. Rensselaer 3. Ulster 4. Washington 5. Schenectady 6. Montgoaiery 7. Schoharie 8. Cayuga 9. Orange Total., Grand Total, 10 11 10 7 11 9 8 10 8 64 167 Min. Ciih. Commu 17 11 2,599 12 6 1,183 10 14 1,769 11 15 1,126 8 11 1,288 8 11 577 ■8 8 1,671 9 11 1,685 83 87 11,898 12 14 11 10 [r 10 18 13 13 9 IJO 197 1,2.56 1,781 1,366 ep.]125 1,401 1,510 1,195 1,113 870 10,U>fITED STATES. [1836. Summary of the Methodist Episropal Church in the United States, from the " Minutes of the Annual Conferences for the year 1834." Conferences. Whites. 34,!)78 Col. Ind's. Total. 35,263 'I'r.Preach- ers. Super'd. 6 Pitldburg, 285 135 Oliii, . 58,145 .502 217 58,864 179 19 Missouri, . 7,135 996 561 8,692 51 2 Kentucky, 25,117 5,709 30,826 92 19 Illinois, 13,34) 72 13,421 56 6 Indiana, 23,344 273 23,617 m 3 Holstein, . 22.349 2,.593 24,942 60 3 Tennessee, 2->,7i)7 4;674 885 .34,266 127 Mississippi, 6,-5o-i 2,622 727 9,707 53 2 Alabama, 10,682 3,163 13,845 60 ■ 1 Georgia, . 24 .331) 7,421 31,757 92 13 Soutli Carolina, 25.186 22,788 47,974 87 5 Virginia, 35,410 8,083 18 43,511 J17 11 Uiltiinore, 38,507 13,851 52,448 153 17 Philadelphia, . 46,390 9,025 55,325 164 7 New York, 31,179 516 30,695 160 10 New England, 17,014 320 17,334 138 8 Maine, 15,485 8 15,493 115 11 N. Hampshire, . 14,553 8 14,561 140 4 Troy, . 18,311 69 18.380 118 3 Oneida, 34,698 69 86 .34,763 166 14 Genesee, Total, 22,991 109 23,100 127 3 5.53,134 83,1.56 2,494 638,784 2.458 167 Toiiil in. 1833, Increase in 1834, 519,014 78,475 2,247 599,736 2,232 168 34,129 4,681 247 39,048 226 1 dec. 10. METHonisT Protestants. This denomination was regularly organized by a convention in the city of Baltimore, in 1830, where a Constitution and Book of Discipline were adopted. It comprises a General Conference and 13 Annual Conferences. The supreme power is vested in a General Conference, which consists of an equal number of ministers and laymen, and meets every seventh year. The Annual Conferences are composed of all the ordained itinerant ministers within tiicir respective limits, and an equal number of elected delegates, who may be either laymen or local preachers. The salary of an itinerant or stationed preacher, witliout a family, is $100 and his board ; with a family, $200 and board. The number of members in the United States is computed at 28,000 or 30,000. — In the country west of the Alleghany mountains and north of Tennessee, the number of members is computed at 11,000: — itine- rant preachers 70 : — local preachers 180. 183G,] PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 149 11. Protestant Episcopal Church. The General Convention of the Protestiiit Episcopal Church meets once in three years. — In 1801, the numijer of Episcopal clergymen in the United States was 192; in lfc20, 310. Dioceses. Bishops. Cons. Min. Meeting of Convention. Ea-stern Diocese, .Mex. V. Griswold, D. D. 1811 70 Last Wednesday in .-ept. Vermoiir, John H. Hiipkins, D. D. 183.' 18 l.iast v\ ednesdav in M:iy. Connecticut, Th. C. Brownell,D. D. 1819 03 2ese Auxiliaries are in very different circumstances. Some are able to purchase all the books wanted within their limits, and also to pay over a large annual surplus to the Parent Society ; otliers can purchase such quantities as are wanted in their districts, but can do nothing more; others, in our new settlements, cannot purchase all (some of them not half,) that are required for the constantly increasing destitute around them. Thus situated, the first class, by its contributions, enables the Parent Society to furnish the third class gratuitously, when necessary, and also to effect extensive distributions in foreign countries. 1€6 UNITED STATES, [1836V Most of the books printed, at present, in the Society's house, are in t'le English language. To some extent, however, they are prepared in ihe French and Spanish tongues ; also in the modern Greek and Arme- nian, and in several of the Indian dialects. Bibles are also imported and issued in most of the European tongues. Since the organization of the Society, there have been issued from the Depository 1,767,936 copies of Bibles and Testaments. The issues of the past year were 123,236 copies. These books have gone into every State, and nearly every county belonging to our confederacy ; and also into Canada, South America, Greece, and other foreign countries. — They have gone, too, in a great measure, into the dwellings of the poor and neglected ; to such dwellings as are not reached by the sales of the bookseller. Besides these issues from the Depository, large sums of money have, for several years past, been granted to missionary establishments at Constantinople, Bombay, Ceylon, Burmah, China, and the Sandwich Islands, to aid the printing and circulation of the Scriptures in various Pagan tongues, into which they have been translated. During the past year (out of an income of $100,806,) no less than $35,000 were expended in this way. The probability is that more and more will be thus expended annually, as progress is made in translations, and more fields are opened, and new facilities granted, for circulating the sacred Scriptures. In making these grants abroad, great caution is observed by the Man- agers, that translations are correctly made, and that the appropriations of the Bible Society are used for no other purpose than the circulation of the Scriptures " without note or comment." Nor do the Managers intend that these interesting operations abroad shall cause any neglect of the wants of our destitute at home. In 1829 the Society proposed to furnish every destitute family in the United States with a copy of the Bible ; and at the annual meeting in May last, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : " Impressed with a deep sense of the importance of the sacred Scrip- tures to all classes of the community, and particularly to the young; " Resolved, That the friends of the Bible throughout the country, of every religious denomination, be respectfully invited to cooperate in furnishing, as soon as practicable, a copy of the Bible or the New Testa- ment to every child in the United States under fifteen years of age who is able to read, and is destitute of tiie sacred volume. " Resolved, That in effecting this contemplated supply, it is desirable that the work be done, so far as possible, through the agency of local Auxiliaries and Branch Bible Societies ; they procuring books, and fur- nishiiig them to all the Sunday Schools, of every religious name, within their respective limits. 1836.] BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 157 " Resolved, That the Auxiliaries be requested, so far as they are able, to purchase books requisite for the supply of their respective districts; and when unable to purchase the whole number required, to make known their remaining wants to the American Bible Society, for the purpose of obtaining gratuitous aid. " Resolved, That with such pecuniary assistance from benevolent indi- viduals, and the more wealthy of tlie Auxiliaries, as may be reasonably expected, the American Bible Society will endeavor, in the prosecution of this enterprise, to furnish the sacred Scriptures gratuitously whenever this course shall, on examination, seem to be proper and necessary." 2. AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. John Cotton Smith, LL. D., President. Calvin Chapin, D. D., Record- ing Secretary. S. Van Rensselaer, LL. D., F!Cc-Prc5i 33 00 'a 3 a 5 en 0} m ai a a. bi) a c West Africa, 1834 S. E. Africa, 183.5 2 5 1 6 12 Greece, 1830 2 2 2 4 142 Constantinople, 1831 1 3 3 6 200 Asia Minor, 1833 4 6 1 7 14 1 1 Syria and Holy Land, 1823 3 5 7 12 14 4 1 Nestorians (Persia), 1834 1 1 1 2 4 Mohammedans (Per.) 183.5 1 1 1 Mahrattas, 1813 2 7 4 12 23 1 2,000 28 3 Tamul People, . 1816 9 14 1 1 16 32 35 3,713 230 2 Siam, 1831 1 3 1 3 7 China, 1830 21 3 1 3 1 Indian Archipelago, 1833 1 3 2 5 2 Sandwich Islands, 1820 14 24 2 5 34 65 30,000 782 3 East Clierokees, . 1817 5 3 1 4 13 21 o 430 250 West Cherokces, 1820 3 3 5 10 18 175 106 1 Choctaws, 1818 6 6 3 10 19 160 195 Creeks, 1832 J 1 1 1 3 15 12 Osages, 1820 3 2 4 6 12 40 20 Pawnees, 1834 1 I 1 2 Sioux, 1835 2 2 1 8 Ojibwas, 1831 4 2 5 5 11 45 Mackinaw, 1823 1 2 6 8 60 70 Stockbridge Indians, 1827 1 1 1 6 3 37 64 New York Indians, 1805 4 3 1 8 12 280 21 Explorers near the > 1 102 1 9 1 311 Rocky Mountains, 5 To 39 39 1971 l4 181 37,311 1836.] BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 161 3. THE AMERICAN HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Stephen Van Rensselaer, LL. D., President. Absalom Peters, D. D., 'Corresponding Secretary. Knowles Taylor, Treasurer. Abijah Fisher, Recording Secretary. There are twenty-seven Vice-Presidei>ts, fifty Di- rectors, and an Executive Committee, consisting of thirteen members, in- cluding the Treasurer and the two Secretaries. This Society was instituted in the city of New York on the 0th of May, 1826, by a convention of one hundred and thirty clergymen and laymen, chiefly delegates from ecclesiastical bodies and missionary societies previ- ously existing, from fourteen of the United States and Territories, and belonging to the Presbyterian, Congregational, Reformed Dutch, and Associate Reformed churches. Its central office is at No. 142 Nassau- street, in the city of New York. Tts object is " to assist congregations that are unable to support the gospel ministry, and to send the gospel to the destitute within the United States" and adjoining Territories and Provinces. This object has been prosecuted with great success ; and the Society, in the amount of its efficiency and the extent of its operations, has far surpassed the expectations of its founders. Most of the previ- ously existing societies for domestic missions in the several States, of the denominations above mentioned, have become auxiliary to it, and have contributed to extend its operations. Its missionaries have been employed in every State and Territory in the Union, and also in Can- ada and the Texas; and both the fields of its usefulness and the number of its missionaries are annually increasing. The results of its operations, in several particulars, are exhihited in the following table, extracted from the Ninth Annual Report, presented in May, 1835. The following table shows the results of the last year, in several paitica- iars, compared with those of preceding years. First vear. .Second vr. Th'd year Fourth yr. Fifth year. Receipts .... $ 18,130.76 S20,()35;78 $26,997.31 $ 33,929.44 $48,124.73 Expenditures 13,984.17 17,849.22 26,814.96 42,t2y.50 4;, 247. 00 Numbei of Missionaries . 169 201 .■!04 ::!92 463 No. not iieforo in commissions 68 t^U )(;9 166 164 Congregations & Miss. Districts 1913 214 401 500 .577 Sabbath t^cliools reported Not rep. 206 289 369 500 Bible Classes reported Not rep. 100 134 203 200 Years uf labor performed 110 133 186 274 294 .\ddilions to churches reported Not rep. 1,000 I 678 1,959 2,532 Aux. Societies and Associations Not rep. 189 241 273 385 Sixth year. Sev'nthyr. Eighth yr. Ninth yr. Receipts . . . . $49,4-22.12 $68,627.17 $78,911.44 $88,863.22 Expenditures 52,808 66,277.9fi 80,015.76 83,394.28 Nunibnr of Missionaries . 509 606 676 719 No. not liefore in commission 1.58 209 200 204 Congregauons & Miss. Districts 745 801 899 1,0.50 Sabbath Schools reported 544 770 40,000* Bible classes reported 239 378 12,000* Years of labor performed 361 417 463 490 Additions to charclies reported C,I26 4,284 2,736 3,300 Aux. Societies & Associations 456 489 499 ^♦Scholaj rs or pupils. 14 162 UNITED STATES. [1836. " From the table of Comparative Results, it appears that the annual number of missionaries and agents employed has been increased from 101 to 719, and the number of congregations and missionary districts aided has been increased from 130 to 1,050. " It appears also from the same table, that the whole number of dif- ferent individuals, who have been employed by the Society as missiona- ries and agents, since its commencement, nine years ago, has been 1,421, this being the number of new appointments reported within the nine years. The average length of time, which each of these missiona- ries and agents has labored in the service of the Society, has been one year, eleven months and a fraction, making in all 2,727 years, which is the actual amount of ministerial labor reported as having been performed within the nine years. " The probable number of congregations and missionary districts, to which the labors of these missionaries have been extended, with more or less permanency, has been from 1,600 to 2,000. " Under tlieir ministry, making proper allowances for deficiencies of reports, 25,000 have been added to the churches on profession of their faith. " There have been annually instructed in Sabbath Schools, under the care of our missionaries, from 10,000 to 40,000 children and youth, and in Bible Classes from 2,000 to 12,000, of all ages. 4. BAPTIST GEXERAL CONVENTION OP THE UNITED STATES FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. Rev. Spencer H. Cone, President. Rev. Howard Malcom, Secretary. Rev. G. F. Davis, D. D., Assistant Secretary. Board of Managers — Rev. Messrs. Jesse Mercer, D. D., President : — Daniel Sharp, D. D., Nathaniel Kendrick, D. D., Stephen Chapin, D. D., Francis Wayland, Jr., D. D., Jeremiah Chaplin, D. D., William T. Brantly, D. D., Basil Manly, John S. Wilson, Vice Presidents : — Lucius BoUes, D. D., Corresponding Secretary : — James D. Knowles, Recording Secretary — Heman Lincoln, Treas^irer : — Levi Farwell, Assistant Treasurer: — together with the President and Secretaries of the Con- vention, and forty others. This Convention was constituted at Philadelphia in May, 1814. Its object " is the propagation of the gospel among the heathen, and the promotion of pure Christianity in Christendom." It assembles once in three years, and is composed of delegates of mis- sionary societies, associations, and other religious bodies and individu- als, contributing annually to its funds not less than $100. For every additional $100 there may be an additional representative. 1836.] BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 163 At each triennial meeting, the Convention elects the various officers above enumerated, who transact the business of the Convention during its recess. The Board of Managers hold an annual meeting at which eleven constitute a quorum for transacting business ; and monthly and occasional meetings, at which five constitute a quorum. The official publication of the Board is " The American Baptist Magazine," issued monthly ; and the Rooms of the Board are at No. 17, Joy's Buildings, Washington-street, Boston. The eighth triennial meeting of the Convention was held at Rich- mond, Va., in April, 1835, at which there were present 119 delegates. The next meeting will be held in the city of New York in 1838. The funds . received by the Board during the year ending April 18, 1835, amounted to $58,520.28. With respect to such funds as are contributed to missionary purposes, but without specific appropriations, the Board apply them at discretion, to foreign and Indian missions; but no moneys given for a specific object can be appropriated to any other use. Missionary Stations. There are twenty-five Missionary Stations under the direction of the Board, twelve among the American Indians, one in the island of Hayti, two in Europe, one in Africa, and ten in Asia. Stations. Valley Towns, Cherokees, North Carolina Thomas, on Grand River, Michigan Territory . Sault de Ste. Marie, near Lake Superior Tonawanda, near Niagara, New York Shawanoe, Kansas River, near Missouri . . Delawares, near the junction of the Kansas & Missouri Otoes and Omahas, Bellevue, near Great Platte River Putawatamies, north of the Missouri Ottawas, south of Shawanoe . Creeks near the junction of the Arkansas and Verdigris Cherokees, in Flint district, Cherokee county Choctaws, Choctaw Agency, on the Arkansas Port-au-Prince, Hayti Paris, France Hamburg, Germany Liberia, Africa Maulmein, Burmah Rangoon Ava, Churamerah, Newville, Tavoy, Mergui, N. Arracan, S. Arracan, Bankok, Siam do. do. do. do. do.