, mmmmm THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY SOT CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. Theft/ mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN MAR 9 1991 When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162 Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XXI ERNEST R. GRAHAM Trustee of the Museum and member of the Building Committee Field Museum of Natural History Founded by Marshall Field, 1893 Publication 248 Report Series Vol. VII, No. 2 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR 1927 THE imm nf -"^ JUL 3 1323 UNlVWSltY Of 'LUNOIS Chicago, U. S. A. January, 1928 OF THE tiW^ViiuSHY Of ILimOlS PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS V i ^ BEQUESTS Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in securities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to the memory of a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested: FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum of Natural History to an amount not in excess of 15 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are allowable as deduc- tions in computing net income under Article 251 of Regula- tion 69 relating to the income tax under the Revenue Act of 1926. Endovmients may he made to the Museum with the pro- vision that an annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetime. These annuities are tax-free and are guaranteed against fluctuation in amount. CONTENTS Board of Trustees 180 Officers and Committees 181 Staff of Museum 182 Report of the Director 185 Lectures and Entertainments 197 The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children's Lectures 201 Publications 204 Library 205 Expeditions 208 Accessions 233 Cataloguing, Inventorying and Labeling 253 Installations, Rearrangements and Permanent Improvements 257 The N. W. Harris Public School Extension 283 Art Research Classes 284 Division of Public Relations 285 Division of Printing 288 Divisions of Photography, Roentgenology and Illustration 290 Division of Memberships 291 Attendance Statistics 293 Financial Statements 294 List of Accessions 296 Department of Anthropology 296 Department of Botany 299 Department of Geology 301 Department of Zoology 304 Raymond Division 307 Division of Photography 307 The Library 308 Articles of Incorporation 320 Amended By-Laws 322 List of Benefactors, Honorary Members, and Patrons 327 List of Corporate Members 328 List of Life Members 329 List of Associate Members 332 List of Sustaining Members 347 List of Annual Members 351 180 Field Museum op Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES Watson F. Blair John Borden Harry E. Byram William J. Chalmers Richard T. Crane, Jr. D. C. Davies Captain Marshall Field Stanley Field Ernest R. Graham Albert W. Harris Chauncey Keep Charles H. Markham Cyrus H. McCormick William H. Mitchell Frederick H. Rawson Martin A. Ryerson James Simpson Solomon A. Smith Albert A. Sprague Silas H. Strawn William Wrigley, Jr. Deceased, 1927 Edward E. Ayer Arthur B. Jones Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 181 OFFICERS Stanley Field, President Martin A. Ryerson, First Vice-President Watson F. Blair, Second Vice-President Albert A. Sprague, Third Vice-President D. C. Davies, Secretary ♦Arthur B. Jones, Assistant Secretary Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Stanley Field Albert A. Sprague Watson F. Blair *Edward E. Ayer William J. Chalmers Captain Marshall Field *Arthur B. Jones John Borden FINANCE COMMITTEE Watson F. Blair *Arthur B. Jones Martin A. Ryerson Chauncey Keep Albert W. Harris BUILDING COMMITTEE William J. Chalmers Albert A. Sprague Cyrus H. McCormick Ernest R. Graham Harry E. Byram AUDITING COMMITTEE ♦Arthxhi B. Jones Charles H. Markham Silas H. Strawn PENSION COMMITTEE Albert A. Sprague Solomon A. Smith James Simpson •deceased 182 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII LIST OF STAFF DIRECTOR D. C. Davies DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Berthold Lauper, Curator A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate in American Archaeology ASSISTANT curators Albert B. Lewis, Melanesian Ethnology Ralph Linton, Oceanic and Malayan Ethnology William D. Strong, North American Ethnology and Archaeology J. Eric Thompson, Mexican and Maya Archaeology W. D. Hambly, African Ethnology Henry Field, Physical Anthropology William M. McGovern, South American and Mexican Ethnology T. George Allen, Egyptian Archaeology John G. Prasuhn, Modeler department of botany B. E. Dahlgren, Acting Curator Paul C. Standley, Associate Curator of the Herbarium J. Francis Macbride, Assistant Curator of Taxonomy James B. McNair, Assistant Curator of Economic Botany Samuel J. Record, Research Associate in Wood Technology Carl Neuberth, Custodian of Herbarium DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY O. C. Farrington, Curator Henry W. Nichols, Associate Curator Elmer S. Riggs, Associate Curator of Paleontology Sharat K. Roy, Assistant Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology DEPARTMENT OP ZOOLOGY Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator William J. Gerhard, Associate Curator of Insects C. E. Hellmayr, Associate Curator of Birds BoARDMAN CONOVER, Associate in Ornithology assistant curators ♦Edmund Heller, Mammals Karl P. Schmidt, Reptiles John T. Zimmer, Birds Alfred C. Weed, Fishes R. Magoon Barnes, Oology Edmond N. Gueret, Osteology ♦Alfred M. Bailey, Assistant Colin C. Sanborn, Assistant taxidermists Julius Friesser, Mammals C. J. Albrecht, Maminals L. L. Pray, Fishes Leon L. Walters, Reptiles Arthur G. Rueckert, Mammals Ashley Hine, Birds "resigned Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 183 DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION Stephen C. Simms, Curator A. B. WOLCOTT, Assistant Curator THE LIBRARY Elsie Lippincott, Librarian Emily M, Wilcoxson, Assistant Librarian registrar auditor Henry F, Ditzel Benjamin Bridge Clifford C. Gregg, General Assistant recorder purchasing agent Elsie H. Thomas Douglas W. Gibson THE JAMES nelson AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND PUBLIC SCHOOL AND children's LECTURE DIVISION Dorothy R. Cockrell, Chief Margaret Fisher Cleveland P. Grant Margaret M. Cornell E.Vance Cooke, Jr. division of public relations H. B. Harte, in charge division of memberships *R. R. More, in charge division of printing U. A. Dohmen, in charge divisions of photography, roentgenology and illustration C. H. Carpenter, Photographer Carl F. Gronemann, Artist A. A. Miller, Photogravurist Charles A. Corwin, Artist Anna Reginalda Bolan, Roentgenologist superintendent of maintenance John E, Glynn CHIEF engineer W. H. Corning William E. Lake, Assistant Engineer •Resigned LIBRARY OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1927 To the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History: I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1927. In reviewing the history of this year, three things stand out prominently which alone would make it especially noteworthy in the annals of the Institution. They are: first, the year's attendance exceeded 1,000,000, outstripping all previous years; second, extensive structural changes were made which added fourteen halls to the space available for exhibits; and third, through the activities of sixteen expeditions, and through the continued expansion of intra- mural research, publications, and dissemination of knowledge by exhibits and other means, the Museum has again made a great contribution to the causes of science and education. The number of persons who visited the Museum in 1927 was 1,043,546. This exceeds the attendance of 1926, the next largest, by 112,975. As there were only one or two especially important events at Soldier Field or in Grant Park during the year to attract crowds into the vicinity of the Museum, this large and gratifying gain in attendance can rightfully be assigned to the constantly in- creasing interest of the public in the Museum itself. In the six years and eight months since the Museum has been in its pre- sent building it has received a total of 4,740,877 visitors. This is more than the total number for 22 years in its former building in Jackson Park. The structural changes, above mentioned, were undertaken to gain additional exhibition area which was greatly needed for anthro- pological and zoological material which either has already been acquired or is to be acquired in the future. This reconstruction was a vast undertaking, and the large expense involved was met by contributions made by President Stanley Field. Details of the work of the sixteen Field Museum expeditions in the field during the year will be found in the various departmental sections of this Report. A brief summary is given herewith: The Second Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition set out in June for fifteen months in Labrador and Baffin Land, to 185 186 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII make explorations, collect anthropological, botanical, geological, and zoological material, conduct scientific researches, and make topo- graphical studies. The expedition is financed by Mr. Frederick H. Rawson, and led by Lieutenant-Commander Donald B. MacMillan. A fleet of three vessels, Commander MacMillan's flagship "Bow- doin," the schooner "Radio," and the power boat "See-Ko," is engaged in the work. The expedition has established a scientific station near Nain, in Labrador. Dr. William D. Strong, Mr. Sharat K. Roy, Mr. Alfred C. Weed, and Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert are mem- bers of the Museum staff on this expedition. The Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition returned in May after more than eight months in Abyssinia, during which 3,500 mammals, birds, fishes and reptiles, many of them rare species, were collected. The Chicago Daily News financed this expedition. Curator Wilfred H. Osgood was leader. Others in the personnel were Mr. C. Suydam Cutting, Mr. James Baum, Mr. Alfred M. Bailey, and the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes, noted artist and ornithologist who, it is regretfully recorded, was killed in an automobile accident shortly after returning to this country. The Borden-Field Museum Alaska- Arctic Expedition, sponsored and led by Mr. John Borden, on his yacht, the "Northern Light," obtained a representative collection of land and sea mammals of Alaska and neighboring islands, many birds of the region, and a collection of ethnological material. Members of the party, besides Mr. Borden, included Mrs. Borden, Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Slaughter, Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Goodspeed, Miss Frances Ames, Miss Edith Cummings, and Taxidermist Ashley Hine of the Museum staff. The Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition to Meso- potamia, of which Captain Marshall Field is sponsor for the Mu- seum's share, resumed its operations, carried on during four pre- vious seasons. The 1927 season was its most successful one thus far. This expedition will continue its work in 1928. Ten other expeditions were sponsored by Captain Marshall Field. These included the Anthropological Expedition to Madagascar, in charge of Assistant Curator Ralph Linton, which concluded its two years' activities, obtaining some 4,500 ethnological specimens for the Museum, and information of unusual importance to the scientific world; the South American Zoological Expedition, begun in 1926, and concluded in 1927 with the return of Mr. Colin C. Sanborn of the Museum staff, last of its members to remain in the field; the Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, headed Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 187 by Associate Curator Elmer S. Riggs, which obtained a remark- able collection of mammal fossils; an anthropological expedition in Europe and Asia to collect material for use in the proposed Hall of Prehistoric Man, in charge of Assistant Curator Henry- Field; a zoological expedition in India, in charge of Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe of Bombay; a botanical expedition in South America in charge of Dr. A. Weberbauer of Lima, Peru; an expedition in British Honduras to conduct ethnological and archaeological re- searches in connection with Maya civilization, in charge of Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson; a geological expedition in Maine con- ducted by Curator Oliver C. Farrington; a geological expedition in Newfoundland under the leadership of Assistant Curator Sharat K. Roy; and a joint expedition of Yale University School of Forestry, the New York Botanical Gardens, the United Fruit Company, and Field Museum to collect botanical specimens in Costa Rica. The Conover-Everard Expedition to Tanganyika Territory, Africa, returned in June after more than a year's work during which approximately 600 mammals, 1,500 birds, and 300 reptiles were collected. This expedition was financed and actively partici- pated in by Mr. Boardman Conover, Associate in Ornithology, and Mr. Robert Everard of Detroit. Assistant Curator John T. Zimmer was also a member of the party. The Alexander H. Revell-Field Museum Expedition to Alaska during the summer obtained several specimens of Kodiak Bear. The expedition was, in the main, financed by Mr. Alexander H. Revell. The Museum was the recipient of many benefactions during the year. Mr. Frederick H. Rawson made a gift of $19,000 to cover the deficit in the budget for the year 1927. Mr. Rawson also contributed $.30,000 for the Second Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum. President Field made contributions during the year which totaled $274,147. These included $16,654 for the year's operating expenses of the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories; $68,541 toward the building deficit fund, and $188,952 to cover the cost of structural changes described in this Report. Captain Marshall Field, in addition to his annual contribution of $100,000, gave $10,000 for the continuation of the Museum's zoological expedition in South America. Mrs, Anna Louise Raymond supplemented her $500,000 endow- ment of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School 188 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII and Children's Lecture Division by a special gift of $10,000 for 1927, and a gift of $7,000 for 1927 operating expenses of the Divi- sion, the latter of which is the first of a series of annual contribu- tions. A legacy of $25,000 from the late George F. Porter, and one of $2,000 from the late Arthur B. Jones, were bequeathed to the Mu- seum. Prior to his death, the late Edward E. Ayer contributed $3,123 for the purchase of books and articles of pewter for addi- tion to the Ayer Ornithological Library and the Ayer Pewter Collection. A trust fund of $30,000 was established by Mr. and Mrs. William J. Chalmers to assure the continued growth of the William J. Chalmers Crystal Collection, to promote its scientific study and description, and to make possible publication of the results of these researches. This trust fund will be known as the William J. and Joan A. Chalmers Trust Fund. A further contribution was made by Mr. Chalmers for the purchase of specimens of additional crystals for the collection bearing his name, and he added 63 specimens of rare minerals and gems to the systematic mineral collection. Mr. Ernest R. Graham made a further contribution of $25,000, representing his annual gift to the Museum. This donation will be devoted toward the completion of Ernest R. Graham Hall of His- torical Geology. A contract was entered into during the year with Mr. Frederick Blaschke of Cold Spring-on- Hudson, New York, for the execution and delivery of three groups representing restorations of fossil animals and their environments, for installation in Ernest R. Graham Hall of Historical Geology. A contribution of $20,000 was received from Mrs. Stanley Field as the first installment on a fund she is creating for the purchase and installation in the Museum of a pipe organ. The organ will be used in giving Sunday organ recitals in the Museum, and for special occasions. Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson contributed $12,000 toward the Stanley Field Museum Employes' Pension Fund. The American Friends of China contributed $555 as their annual gift for the development of the Chinese section of the anthropolo- gical collections. Mr. Alexander H. Revell contributed $5,000, and Mr. Sewell L. Avery $500, toward the expense of the Alexander H. Revell-Field Museum Expedition to Alaska. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 189 The Illinois Chapter of the Wild Flower Preservation Society of America contributed $500 for the maintenance during the spring, summer and autumn months of an exhibit of living wild flowers of the Chicago region in Stanley Field Hall. They have kindly agreed to make an annual contribution for this purpose. The sum of $51,348 was received from the Estate of the late John G. Shedd as paym.ent in full for the Shedd Aquarium's share of the cost of the changes in the Museum's heating system necessary for the heating of the Aquarium from the Museum's plant. The South Park Commissioners turned over to the Museum $192,582 derived from the tax levy authorized for this purpose by the State Legislature. Under the Stanley Field Museum Employes' Pension Fund a plan was put into effect whereby a supplementary $1,000 life in- surance is made available to each employe, in addition to the life insurance previously provided for employes. Mr. C. Suydam Cutting of New York, who was a member of the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition, pur- chased for $4,500 and presented to the Museum a collection of the last paintings of birds and other animals made by the late Louis Agassiz Fuertes. The paintings, 108 in number, were made on the Abyssinian Expedition by Mr. Fuertes, and are pronounced to be the best work of his lifetime, during which he had achieved the dis- tinction of being generally conceded as America's foremost painter of birds. Mr. Cutting presented the Museum also with eight reels of motion pictures which he himself had taken while in the field with the Abyssinian Expedition. Many other gifts were made to the Museum during the year by its hosts of generous friends. Notable among these was a collection of beautiful and valuable Chinese money belts embroidered with glass beads in intricate designs, presented by Mrs. George T. Smith. Another important gift in the Department of Anthropology is an excellent collection of Eskimo ethnological material which Mr. John Borden gathered while leading the Borden-Field Museum Alaska- Arctic Expedition. The Department of Botany received a gift of 650 Central Amer- 1 lean herbarium specimens from Professor Samuel J. Record; another of 3,039 United States plants from Dr. E. E. Sherff ; 3,019 herbarium specimens by exchange from the United States National Museum, and 334 herbarium specimens from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. 190 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII An unusually well preserved and complete skull and lower jaws, with tusks, of a young male mastodon from northern Indiana, was a notable addition of the year to the specimens representing these extinct animals in the Department of Geology. A collection of more than 250 fossil plants of the Coal Period, about 300,000,000 years old, was received by exchange from the National Museum, Washington, D. C. These will be of great value in making restorations of the flora of that period. Outstanding among the accessions of the Department of Zoology are specimens of Mountain Nyala, Abyssinian Ibex, Abyssinian Red Wolf, Gelada Baboon, Grevy's Zebra, Defassa Waterbuck and Northern Roan Antelope, which are included in the 3,500 specimens obtained by the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expe- dition; the skin and skeleton of the rare White Rhinoceros, an animal believed to be on the verge of extinction, obtained by the Conover- Everard Expedition to Tanganyika Territory; and several especially fine examples of Alaska Brown Bear obtained by the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition, which fulfill an immediate need for the Hall of American Mammal Habitat Groups. Mr. John Wentworth of Chicago presented a fine Black Rhinoceros skin from Tanganyika Territory, Africa, which will make an exhibit of extreme interest. A gift of an important collection of specimens of rare game animals of Abyssinia was received from Mr. Harold A. White. One of the Museum's notable purchases during the year was the Cap Blanc skeleton of a youth who lived in southwestern France about 25,000 years ago. This is the only complete skeleton of a European prehistoric man of that period in any museum in the United States. During the year the Museum purchased a Lanston monotype keyboard with a caster equipment, and a folding machine, for the Division of Printing. These machines enable the Division to handle a greater amount of work with increased efficiency. The Museum suffered a serious loss during the year by the deaths of two of its Trustees, Mr. Arthur B. Jones and Mr. Edward E. Ayer. Both of these men had been connected with the Museimi from its earliest days, and each of them had contributed generously to its collections and given much of their time and effort to the promo- tion of the Institution's progress. The Arthur B. Jones Collection of ethnological material from the Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago stands as a permanent testimonial of the unflagging interest shown in the Museum by Mr. Jones. Likewise, the Edward 0) o > o o 2 3 I? IS 2 "3 H CO W z o o w O (it o w M « Eh 5 .H < 'B II a; 4-> Oh ft IIBRARY OF THE UNiVEHSiTY Cf iLLlNOiS Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 191 E. Ayer Pewter Collection, the Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library which stands among the foremost in its field, and the many contributions of valuable objects and collections made by Mr. Ayer, to the Department of Anthropology particularly, but to the other Departments of the Museum as well, constitute a memorial to him. They remain as evidence of the enthusiam he devoted to the task of helping to develop the Museum to give the greatest public service, and take its rank among the world's leading institutions of its kind. Mr. Jones, who had been a Trustee of the Museum since 1894, died on February 21, 1927. He was also an Honorary Member, a Corporate Member, and a Life Member. The following tribute in the form of a resolution by the Board of Trustees was paid to his memory: "The death of Mr. Arthur B. Jones having been announced at the monthly meeting of the Board of Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History, held March 14, 1927, the following resolution was adopted as a Testimonial of his services in behalf of the Institution: "With profound regret the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History have learned of the decease of their fellow Trustee, Arthur B. Jones. "Mr. Jones served as a member of the Board of Trustees with great fidelity and ability, his interest in the Museum dating from the very beginning of the Institution, and continuing until his demise. "Accepting, at the organization of the Board, appointment as a member of the Auditing Committee, he remained on this Commit- tee during his long association with the Museum and carried on its exacting duties with unceasing devotion. Although it involved, especially in earlier years, a considerable sacrifice of time, he later assumed additional responsibility as a Member of the Finance Com- mittee. To all questions of importance affecting the welfare and interest of the Museum, he gave unstinted and assiduous attention, and always sought to promote the progress of the Institution along beneficent lines. "His unselfish labors and generous contributions on behalf of the Museum have been wrought into the development of the Insti- tution and will bear fruit for years to come. "The members of the Board of Trustees desire to extend to his bereaved widow and family the assurance of their deepest sympathy." 192 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII Mr. Ayer, it will be remembered, was the first President of the Museum, serving in that capacity from 1893 to 1899, and serving as a Trustee from the time of the Institution's establishment until his death. He was also a Benefactor, an Honorary Member, a Corporate Member and a Life Member. He died on May 3, 1927. In tribute to his memory the Board of Trustees adopted the follow- ing resolution: "The death of Mr. Edward Everett Ayer on May 3, 1927, at Pasadena, California, in his eighty-sixth year, removed from the closer circle of Field Museum of Natural History one of its most sincere friends and devoted supporters. "Mr. Ayer gave generous and effective assistance in the initial organization of the Museum. He was in the fullest accord with its purpose, and contributed to its progress an ever wakeful enthusiam which counted far in the councils of the Trustees, and became re- flected in a large number of his contemporaries. For five years, from 1894 to 1899, Mr. Ayer served the Institution as its first Presi- dent, and it fell to his share to formulate and pronounce many of the fundamental principles which originated with its founders. Continuing his service as a member of the Board of Trustees through- out the remainder of his life, Mr. Ayer gave liberally of his time and efforts to strengthen and develop the Museum in every way. His participation in its active management was dictated by his strong faith in the great future of Chicago as an educational center and in the importance of organized museum activities as an integral part of this development. This conviction prompted Mr. Ayer in con- tributing time and again large collections and groups of important objects, some of which served in the upbuilding of several unrivalled units in the Library, others in extending materially the organized collections in other fields. From year to year his contributions, chiefly of anthropological interest, continued, and all departments of the Museum give some evidence of his zeal as a collector. "Mr. Ayer was notably successful in enlisting the aid of others in an effort to extend and supplement the collections, and in this way adduced much material which otherwise might have been lost to the Institution. His enthusiam inspired many of his contemporaries to follow his example in this public service. "The most important gifts made either wholly or in part by Mr. Ayer include several thousand specimens illustrating the archaeology and ethnology of the North American Indians, large Egyptian collections, valuable antiquities illustrating Greek, Roman and Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 193 Etruscan archaeology, an important collection of fossil vertebrates from the Rancho La Brea beds of California, and, in his later years, a large and exhaustive collection illustrating the history and uses of pewter in all parts of the world. He also made many contributions to the gem exhibits in H. N. Higinbotham Hall. "The Museum Library benefited in many ways by Mr. Ayer's contributions, but his chief service consisted in building up by his donations exceptionally complete collections of books and manu- scripts on the subjects of ornithology and ichthyology, including numerous works of superior excellence and rarity, v/hich, as a whole, would be a notable attraction in any institution. "Mr. Ayer's personal character expressed itself in an alert interest in even the minutest details of the Museum, from its personnel to the administrative details. He confessed himself in a privileged position as a member of the Board of Trustees. His sympathies included the care of the collections as well as the welfare of every employe. He remained in close personal contact with the members of the Museum staff and inspired all with his generous, intelligent response to earnest work, his high ideals, his reverence of true service and his confidence in that form of public enlightment which remains the cultural foundation of Field Museum." Mr. Frederick H. Rawson was elected as a Trustee to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Ayer's death. Mr. William H. Mitchell was also elected during the year as a Corporate Member, and as a Trustee to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Jones' death. In July the Museum's Hall of African Mammals was dedicated as Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall in honor of the late Carl E. Akeley, noted explorer, sculptor, taxidermist and inventor, many of whose masterpieces both of taxidermy and sculpture are in Field Museum. Mr. Akeley, who was chief taxidermist of the Museum from 1895 to 1909, died on November 17, 1926, two days after his election as a Patron. In recognition of the eminent service they have rendered the Museum, Mrs. George T. Smith and Mrs. John J. Borland were elected Patrons of the Institution. The following were elected Life Members: Mr. Frederick Wes- ley Sargent, Judge Elbert H. Gary (who, it is recorded with regret, has since died), Mrs. Arthur B. Jones, Mr. F. D. Corley, Mr. Edward A. Cudahy, Jr., Mr. Britton I. Budd, Mr. William G. Burt, Mrs. Mason Bross, Mr. James Otis Hinkley, Mr. Paul E. Gardner, Mr. William B. Mcllvaine, Mrs. Waller Borden, Mr. 194 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Reuben G. Chandler, Mr. Earle H. Rejmolds, Mr. George Lytton, Mr. William N. Jarnagin, Mr. James D. Cunningham, Mr, Ronald L. F. Tree, Mr. George W. Dixon, Mr. J. Dorr Bradley, Mr. John Stuart, Mr. Wallace De Wolf, and Miss Gwethalyn Jones. Mr. Arthur S. Vernay was elected as a non-resident Life Member. In other classes of membership, a total of 1,253 was added to the Museum's lists. The area gained by the reconstruction previously mentioned is confined to the ground floor, and it is adaptable to attractive and comprehensive arrangements of exhibits. To accomplish this expan- sion of exhibition space it was necessary to remove and reroute some twenty long pipe lines which had formerly run along the ceilings, exposed to view. This involved the installation on the third floor of three ten-inch steam pipes, also cold water, hot water and circula- ting pipes, and of gas and compressed air lines. In doing this work no walls were broken, and there was no interference with the exhibi- tion halls on the main and second floors. Approximately 3,800 feet of trenches were dug under the ground floor for the drip pipes, which now lead to a new pump room which was excavated fourteen feet below the southwest corner of the Museum . In these trenches are also pipes for high pressure water for fire protection, hot and cold water, gas and compressed air. A tunnel fully 1,000 feet long was built from the new pump room to the northeast corner of the Mu- seum, in which steam feed and return heating pipes for the Shedd Aquarium were installed, together with the Museum's piping. There were 51,700 feet, or nearly ten miles of pipes laid in the course of this work. More than 200 tons of old piping were removed and sold. Eleven of the new ground floor halls gained by these changes will be used for anthropological and three for zoological exhibits. Struc- tural changes, noticeable only from the inside, were made also in Ernest R. Graham Hall of Historical Geology. The 72 windows in this hall were blocked out, those on the north, west and south being insulated with celotex, and those on the east being bricked up. This was done to exclude daylight, and make possible the instal- lation of a system of artificial lighting better suited to the proper display of the material exhibited in the hall. The windows along the west wall of the Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29) have also been bricked up for similar reasons. Sixty-six skylights were covered with insulating panels and rubberoid. The skylight over the first floor was covered with a heavy coat of malleable asphalt. LIBRARY OF THE UNlVEHSiTY Or ILLlMOl; Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XXIII AN AERIAL GARDEN A community of parasitic and epiphytic plants with a termite nest from a Guiana tree-top Temporarily installed in Stanley Field Hall Reproduced from nature Stanley Field Guiana Expedition, 1922 One-ninth natural size Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 195 Two iron hand railings leading up the steps to the north entrance of the Museum were installed. The work of remodeling Egyptian Hall was begun during the year. This consists in the main of the construction of a case as a part of the north and east walls for a length of 194 feet. This type of case, an entirely new departure from usual museum methods, will permit the grouping of mummies, their cases, mummy cloths and other mortuary objects. An effective lighting system will be arranged for this and the other cases in the hall. Several important new installations and reinstallations were undertaken during the year. The economic collections of food plants, and of woods, in the Department of Botany, are undergoing a pro- cess of reinstallation, which includes addition of new specimens, and relabeling, which will increase their interest and value. In the Department of Zoology, two new habitat groups of mammals, one of the Wapiti, or American Elk, from the Olympic Mountains of Washington, and the other of Mule Deer from the Kaibab Forest of Arizona, were installed in the Hall of American Mammal Habitat Groups. The Mule Deer specimens were obtained by a Captain Marshall Field expedition in 1926. The taxidermy on the American Elk group was the work of Taxidermist Julius Friesser; that on the Mule Deer was done by Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht, who also, as a member of the expedition, procured the animals. The scenic backgrounds of both cases were painted by Staff Artist C. A. Corwin, who also painted backgrounds for the Ovis Poli, Ibex, Glacier Bear, and Sea Lion groups now in course of construction or installation. The Grizzly Bear, Antelope and Moose cases in the Hall of American Mammal Habitat Groups were reinstalled, and all groups in this hall were furnished with new backgrounds. The Department of Zoology also placed on exhibition a repro- duction of a hippopotamus, now installed in Stanley Field Hall. This is said to be the first life-like preparation of a hippopotamus ever shown in any museum. The reproduction is made of a cellulose- acetate compound, by a special process invented by Mr. Leon L. Walters of the Museum's taxidermy staff, who has by the same process reproduced snakes, crocodiles, and other animals which readily lend themselves to this treatment. The hippopotamus specimen from which the reproduction was made was a gift to the Museum of the Cincinnati Zoological Park Association. The former Edward E. Ayer Hall of Roman Antiquities was renamed Edward E. and Emma B. Ayer Hall. A. Y, 198 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII April 2 — "Prehistoric Animal Life," including sketches for the mural decorations of the Ernest R. Graham Hall of Paleon- tology. Mr. Charles R. Knight, New York. April 9 — "Birds of the Chicago Area." Dr. Lucius C. Pardee, Chicago. April 16— "Life Beyond the Arctic Circle." Commander Donald B. MacMillan, Leader of theRawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum, 1926. April 23 — "Native Races of Africa." Mr. W. D. Hambly, Member of the Wellcome Expedition to the Sudan; Assistant Curator of African Ethnology, Field Museum. April 30— "The Hunting Tribes of North America." Dr. William D. Strong, Assistant Curator of North American Ethnology and Archaeology, Field Museum. October 1 — "The First People of America." Professor Arthur Sterry Coggeshall, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. October 8— "Burma." Mr. Barnum Brown, American Museum of Natural History, New York. October 15 — "The Archaeological Investigations of the Carnegie Institution of Washington at Chichen Itza, Yucatan and Uaxactun, Guatemala, in 1927." Dr. Sylvanus G. Morley, Carnegie Institution, Washing- ton, D. C. October 22 — "Natural Wonders of American Deserts." Mr. Frederick Monsen, Pasadena, California. October 29— "A Day in Babylonia." Professor A. T. Olmstead, University of Illinois. November 5— "The Depths of the Sea." Dr. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator, New York Zoological Park. November 12 — "The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926." George K. Cherrie, Leader of the Expedition. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 199 November 19 — "Explorations at the North Pole of the Winds." Professor William H. Hobbs, Leader of the University of Michigan Greenland Expedition. November 26 — "Sun Dance of the Blackfoot Indians." Mr. Walter McClintock, Pittsburgh. December 3 — "The Wonders of Marine Life." Dr. William Beebe, Director of Tropical Research, New York Zoological Society. The total attendance at these nineteen lectures was 30,210, which is an increase of 7,397 over the attendance of last year. In addition to the regular spring and autumn courses, the follow- ing special lectures were delivered during the year: January 8 — "The Hawaiian Islands." Mr. F. P. Clatworthy. January 23 — "Racing with Death in Antarctic Blizzards." Sir Douglas Mawson. February 27 — "To Lhasa in Disguise." Dr. William M. McGovern. March 6 — "Man-eaters of Tsavo and other Lion Adventures." Colonel J. H. Patterson. May 7 — "The Dragon Lizards of Komodo." Motion pictures taken by the Douglas Burden Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, intro- troduced by Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Assistant Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians, Field Museum. May 8 — "The Dragon Lizards of Komodo" (repeated). May 14 — "Racing with Death in Antarctic Blizzards." Motion pictures taken by Sir Douglas Mawson. November 6— "The Depths of the Sea." Dr. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator, New York Zoological Park. November 13 — "The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926." Mr. George K. Cherrie, Leader of the Expedition. November 20 — "Abyssinia." The Chicago Daily News Expedition of Field Museum. Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of Zoology, Field Museum; Leader of the Expedition. 200 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII December 4 — "Beneath Tropic Seas." Dr. William Beebe, Director of Tropical Research, New York Zoological Society. December 11 — "Adventures, Archaeological and Otherwise in Arabia, Egypt, the Sudan, Sinai, Transjordania, Palestine and Syria." Mr. Lowell Thomas, author and traveler. The total attendance at these special lectures was 14,553. Concerts. — During the late winter and spring, a series of cham- ber music concerts was given by the Gordon String Quartet in the James Simpson Theatre. These concerts were sponsored by the Eliza- beth Sprague Coolidge Foundation of the Library of Congress, and the Chicago Chamber Music Society. They were given on January 16, February 20, March 20 and 27, April 3, 10, 17 and 24, and May 1, and the attendance totaled 6,090, being an increase of 1,685 over last years' attendance. EDUCATIONAL MEETINGS An increasing number of groups of teachers and scientific societies have made use of the James Simpson Theatre and the Lecture Hall for educational meetings under auspices other than those of the Museum. Of particular interest in 1927 were the series of meetings of teachers addressed by Dr. Alfred Adler, eminent lecturer on child psychology. The annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association were held in the small lecture hall ; and on several occa- sions special programs were arranged for Americanization classes from the public schools. In all, there were seventeen such groups, with an attendance of 5,748. RADIO TALKS During the year the following radio talks were given by members of the Museum staff from the Chicago Daily News Station, WMAQ: March 2— "Life of the Ocean." Miss Margaret Cornell, Raymond Division. June 25 — "Abyssinia." Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator of Zoology. September 25 — "Roman Home Life." Miss Margaret Cornell, Raymond Division. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 201 On November 15 and five subsequent Tuesdays talks were given over the Chicago Tribune Station, WGN. These were broad- cast by Miss Cornell, who described the founding of the Museum, the acquisition and installation of specimens, the character of the collections, and the various educational activities of the Institution. LECTURE TOURS FOR ADULTS As in previous years, the services of Museum guide-lecturers were offered without charge to clubs, conventions and other organi- zations. These groups were conducted on lecture tours planned with regard to group interests. Other lecture tours, open to the general public, were given at 11 a. m. and 3 p. m. on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays. During most of the year these lectures were on a weekly basis — each group of eight tours forming a unit which was repeated every week. Beginning the first of Decem- ber, it was decided to change this system by adding Thursdays to the days on which tours are conducted and arranging a new pro- gram each month. For adults 290 lecture tours were given during the year, the total attendance being 9,528. THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S LECTURES Entertainments for Children. — In the spring and autumn of 1927, courses of entertainments for children were offered in the James Simpson Theatre under the provisions of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children's Lecture Fund. Each entertainment was given twice. With the addition of entertainments given on holidays, these entertainments numbered 22, with an attendance of 42,676 children. The programs were as follows: Spring Course March 5~*'Animals Large and Small of the Northwest." Motion pictures and lecture. Mr. C. J. Albrecht, Field Museum. March 12— "Cuba, Island of Sugar." "Despoilers of the Jungle." "The Jungle Sluggard." "Capturing a Giant Anteater." 202 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII March 19— "The World of Paper." "Motherhood in Nature." "Marauders of the High Seas." "Zoo's Zoo in America." March 26— "Sugar Trails (Beet Sugar)." "The Story of Wool." "Mysteries of Snow." "Rare Specimens in the New York Zoo." "Animal Life of the River." April 2— "The Rawson-MacMillan Expedition of 1926." Motion pictures and lecture, Commander Donald B. MacMillan, Leader of the Expedition. April 9— "Anthracite Coal." "Palms." "Elkland." "The Grand Canyon." "Alligators." April 16— "Bituminous Coal." "Kindly Fruits of Earth." "Birds of Passage." April 23— "Land of Cotton." "Wild Life in Yellowstone Park." "Monkeys." "Familiar Birds." April 30— *"The Story of Steel." *Field Museum makes grateful acknowledgment of the gift of these films by the United Statei Steel Corporation. Autumn Course October 1 — "Alaskan Adventures." October 8— "Manchuria." "Our Dog Friends." "The Silversmith." "Peter the Raven." October 15 — "Maizok of the South Seas." October 22— "Sponge Fishing." "Ancient Industries of Modem Days." "A Study of Birds." "Beasts of Prey." "Feathered Aviators." % i J^' "^ b. « -'T rnts) ting I . Gra §.S« MOAS (Di Mural pa Ernest OF THE UKIVER35TY OF ILUNOIS Jan. 1928 Annual Report op the Director . 203 October 29— "The Gorilla Hunt." November 5 — "Adopting a Bear Cub." "Tree-top Concert Singers." "The Last of the Bison." "Gathering of the Clan." "The Zoo's Who's Who." November 12— "The World's Struggle for Oil." November 19 — "Silvery Salmon." "Home of the Birds." "Leaves from a Ranger's Notebook". "Cameraing through Africa." November 26 — "Adventures in the Far North." Special Entertainments if February 12 — "Lincoln. February 22— "Washington." May 7 — "The Dragon Lizards of Komodo." May 14 — "Racing with Death in Antarctic Blizzards." Lecture Tours for Children. — Lecture tours for children were given without charge to groups from public and parochial schools and private institutions. In the case of the public schools, these lecture tours correlated with the school-room work of the children. In other instances, the collections to be visited were chosen by the leaders of the groups. There were 428 such classes, numbering 13,683 children, which received this service. Extension Lectures. — In previous years, extension lectures were offered only to elementary public schools of the city of Chicago. During 1927, these lectures were offered to junior high schools and high schools as well; and a number were given before parent- tea- chers' associations. The same illustrative material in the form of lantern slides was used for each group of lectures; but varying treat- ment adapted it to the interests of children of different ages and to the parent-teachers' organizations. The list of lectures was as followa: "North American Indians." "What We Owe to South America." "Coffee, Chocolate and Tea." "Flax and Cotton," 204 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII "African Animals." "Glimpses of Chinese Life." "The Story of Coal and Iron." "Food Fish of the World." "Roman Home Life." "Silk and Wool." "The Life of the Ancient Egyptians." "Native Life of the Philippine Islands." "Activities of Field Museum." "Birds of the Chicago Area." "Mammals of the Chicago Area." "Fish of the Chicago Area." "North American Mammals." These lectures were given without charge in school classrooms and assembly halls. They numbered 556 with an attendance of 209,290. Totals. — In all, 1,006 lectures, tours and entertainments for children with an attendance of 265,649 were given under the pro- visions of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Rajonond Public School and Children's Lecture Fund in the year 1927. If these numbers are added to the number of adults attending Museum events throughout the year, it will be found that 331,778 persons received Museum instruction. PUBLICATIONS In the regular series of Field Museum Publications, five were issued during the past year, two of which were botanical, one anthro- pological, one zoological, and one the Annual Report of the Director. In addition to these, seven numbers were added to the general leaflet series, and one previously published leaflet (Geology, No. 6) was re- printed. Following is a list of these publications and leaflets: Pub. 241.— Anthropological Series, Vol. XVII, No. 1. A Correlation of Mayan and European Calendars. By J. Eric Thomp- son. January, 1927. 24 pages. Edition 1,540. Pub. 242.— Zoological Series, Vol. XIII, Part 5. Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. Initiated by Charles B. Cory. Con- tinued by Charles E. Hellmayr. April 11, 1927. 517 pages. Edition 1,509. Pub. 243.— Report Series, Vol. VII, No. 1. Annual Report of the Director for the Year 1926. January, 1927. 174 pp., 20 photogravures. Edition 4,490. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 205 Pub. 244. — Botanical Series, Vol. IV, No. 5. I. Various Spermato- phytes. By J. Francis Macbride. II. Mosses of Peru. By R. S. Williams. May 31, 1927. 44 pp., 10 photo- gravures. Edition 1,000. Pub. 245. — Botanical Series, Vol. VI, No. 2. Citrus Products. Part 2. By James B. McNair. November, 1927. 189 pp., 13 halftones, 5 zinc etchings. Edition 2,512. Leaflets Anthropology, No. 22. Insect Musicians and Cricket Champions of China. By Berthold Laufer. 28 pages, 12 photogravures, 1 cover design. Edition 3,150. Anthropology, No. 25. The Civilization of the Mayas. By J. Eric Thompson. 110 pages, 14 photogravures, 12 text-figures, 1 map, 1 cover design. Edition 1,991. Anthropology, No. 26. The Early History of Man. By Henry Field. 18 pages, 8 photogravures, 1 map, 1 cover design. Edition 2,999. Botany, No. 13. Sugar and Sugar-making, By James B. McNair. 34 pages, 8 halftones, 1 cover design. Edition 6,000. Geology, No. 6. (Reprint). The Moon. By 0. C. Farrington. 12 pages, 2 photogravures. Edition 6,020. Geology, No. 8. Agate — Physical Properties and Origin. By 0. C. Farrington. Archaeology and Folk-lore. By Berthold Laufer. 36 pages, 10 photogravures, 4 colored plates, 1 colored text- figure. Edition 2,856. Geology, No. 9. How Old are Fossils? By Sharat K. Roy. 12 pages, 4 photogravures. Edition 6,091. Zoology, No. 9. Pike, Pickerel and Muskalonge. By Alfred C. Weed. 52 pages, 8 colored plates, 4 text-figures, 1 cover design. Edition 6,050. Miscellaneous Publications General Guide. 32 pages. Edition 13,464. LIBRARY During the year the Library acquired by purchase, gift and ex- change 2,840 books and pamphlets, bringing the total number on the shelves to approximately 92,500. These additions greatly strength- ened the resources of the Library. Especially helpful are certain sets of periodicals which have long been desired for reference purposes in the various Departments of the Museum. Among these sets are: 206 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte in 135 volumes, 1835 to date. Gay's Historia fisico y politico de Chile, 30 volumes, 1844-1871. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 13 volumes, 1914 to date. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, 126 volumes, 1886 to date. An opportunity to purchase a selected collection of books on Africa and India was presented and taken advantage of. The African literature was further supplemented by other purchases required by members of the staff who have returned from expe- ditions, and need certain books for reference in preparing their collections for study and exhibition purposes. Through the courtesy of Dr. Thomas Barbour, Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Library has acquired all the early volumes of that institution's Bulletins and Memoirs which were lacking from its files. As a num- ber of these publications have been long out of print, the Museum is fortunate in obtaining them. The Museum of Comparative Zool- ogy presented also ten copper plates used in illustrating the pub- lication of Alexander Wilson's American Ornithology in 1808-1844. These plates are in a fine state of preservation and have consider- able historical value. The Kommission for Ledelsen af de Geologiske og Geografiske Unders0gelser i Gr^nland presented almost a complete file to date of its Meddelser om Gr0nland, in all 62 volumes. These monographs will be particularly valuable to the members of the staff who are at present in Labrador on the Rawson-MacMillan expedition. Books are an important item in the equipment of the Museum's various expeditions, and in addition to those taken from the Library, small collections are purchased when abroad for further assistance in the work. To the Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library were added 167 volumes. Mr. Ayer continued his deep interest in and gener- ous donations to this Library until his death, and it is due to his fore- sight of years ago that the Library contains so many of the beautifully illustrated works of the early eminent ornithological writers that have been long out of print and rarely if ever appear on the market. Mr. Ayer frequently expressed the desire that this Library should have a foremost place among the libraries of its kind. How well he succeeded in accomplishing this is shown in the catalogue of this Library issued as one of the Museum's publications. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 207 Notable among the rare works received during the year are: A complete set of Isis in 40 volumes covering the years 1817-1840, the only set of this work in the middle west. Buff on Oeu\Tes completes . . Revue par M. Richard. 5 volumes. 1837-1808. Buller's Supplement to the birds of New Zealand. 1905. Crespon. Ornithologie du Gard. 1840. F^russac. Bulletin des sciences et de I'industrie. 85 volumes. 1823-1831. Lefebvre. Voyage en Abyssinie. 4 volumes and atlas. 1845. Lesson. Complement des oeuvres de Buffon. 10 volumes. 1828-1837. Vieillot. Faune frangaise. Oiseaux. 1820-1830. Wilson. Illustrations of zoology. 1831. Gadow and Selenka, Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. . .Vogel. 3 volumes. 1891, 1893. Playfair and Gunther. Fishes of Zanzibar. 1866. From contemporary societies, institutions, governments and indi- viduals throughout the world the Library has received, as in pre- vious years, valuable literature either as gifts or in exchange for the publications of the Museum. The Library is again indebted to the Library of Congress and to the John Crerar Library especially for the loan of books needed by members of the staff in their research work. The number of individual issues of journals, magazines and serials received was 6,316. The number of cards written and inserted in the various catalogues was 7,550. From the John Crerar Library 10,104 cards have been received. The periodicals and serials prepared for binding numbered 598. The work for the Union list of serials was completed during the year. This list, a monumental work, will be invaluable for biblio- graphical purposes. Early in the year all books and shelves in the general library were vacuum cleaned, and the pressing need of shelf room necessitated another readjustment of the books. Several hundred volumes were transferred temporarily to the anthropological library in order to provide room for the normal growth of other sets of periodicals and serials. 208 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII EXPEDITIONS Anthropology. — During the year there were five expeditions from the Department of Anthropology. The Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition, financed by Captain Marshall Field and Mr. Herbert Weld, reached the fourth season of its operations, working from December 19, 1926 to March 20, 1927. The excavations were placed in charge of Mr. L. C . Watelin, who was assisted by Mr. Eric Schroeder, scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Professor S. Langdon of Oxford again assumed the general direction of the work. The principal efforts were bent on the huge complex of mounds in eastern Kish, known as Ingharra, where two sides of the temple tower of the Earth Goddess of Harsagkalama and the southwest side of Nebuchadnezzar's and Nabonidus' reconstruc- tion of the temple were exposed. The huge temple tower built in plano-convex bricks of the early Sumerian period was never again repaired. The temple to the northeast of the stage tower was rebuilt several times, the last builder being Nabonidus, last king of the Babylonian empire and father of Belshazzar, who ruled in the sixth century B.C. and then restored the ancient Sumerian temple in the prevailing Babylonian style of architecture. Portions of it are in an excellent state of preservation with walls standing 20 to 25 feet high. The edifice now completelj'- exposed was approxi- mately 100 feet square, its outer walls being decorated with the T-shaped false pillar decoration characteristic of Babylonian architecture. Another feature typical of this school of builders is found in the huge buttresses flanking the six great gates of the temple. There is a spacious central shrine approached from a gate and two ante-chambers; this central shrine communicates with two chapels on the left and right. So far as present information concerning the dis- position of a Babylonian temple permits of conclusions, this structure is undoubtedly one of the clearest and best preserved examples. The great open court is on the northeast side, and the entrance to the inner chapel is from the southwest side of this court. Here were found small deposits of cuneiform tablets, but the brick boxes in which Nabonidus had placed his foundation deposits at the various entrance gates had unfortunately been rifled by the armies of late invaders, although some objects of value were still found in them. Twenty-seven chambers flanking the court and central chapel have been cleared after immense labor. The excavators then descended 25 feet below the temple of Nabonidus before they reached the ancient Sumerian construction built of plano-convex brick, Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 209 where early Sumerian sculptures and painted pottery were found. An illustrated report of the season's work by S. Langdon was pub- lished in Art and Archaeology ^ October, 1927. The first year's work of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar under the leadership of Assistant Curator Ralph Linton was summarized in the Director's Report for 1926. The activity of the expedition was continued and completed during 1927. Dr. Linton left Majunga on the west coast of the island in September, 1926, and proceeded up the Betsiboka River to Mahabo, a sacred town of the Sakalava, where he took part in the annual purification of the royal tombs, being the first white man to witness this ceremony. He then continued up the river to Madiravalo, where he turned inland, arriving at Kandreo after two weeks of travel through sparsely inhabited country. He remained in this region collecting, and studying the Sakalava, until the latter part of October, and then proceeded to Maevatanana, the end of the projected automobile road across the island. From there he retui'ned to Tananarive where he remained a month packing collections. He then travelled to Tamatave by train and embarked on the east-coast steamer "Imerina" December 1, land- ing at Farafangana, on the southeast coast, on December 10. He re- mained there until December 30, studying and collecting among the Antaifasina tribe, then went by land to Fort Dauphin, arriving January 21. He left the latter place February 1 and went west to Tsiombe, arriving February 10. There he left the regular route and made a detour through the practically unexplored southwestern corner of the island, finally turning northward and arriving at Tulear February 28. He remained in Tulear until March 28, studying the Vezo, a fishing tribe, then traveled eastward, arriving at Betroka, at the southern end of the interior plateau in the heart of the territory of the Bara tribe, April 2. He remained there, studying and col- lecting, until April 21, then went to lakora, also in Bara territory, remaining there until May 5. From lakora he went to Ambalavao, passing by way of Ivohibe, a distance of 350 miles. Headquarters were established at Ambalavao, and an intensive study was made of the southern Betsileo tribe. Dr. Linton remained there until July 16, then went to Mananjary on the east coast, where he arranged for shipments of collections. From Mananjary he went to Ambohi- manga in the territory of the Tanala tribe, where he remained until August 20. From there he proceeded to Ambositra, packed and shipped collections, and returned to Tananarive by train and auto- mobile. In Tananarive the work of the expedition was wound up. 210 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII and he descended to Tamatave, sailing from there to Mauritius September 12. In Mauritius he made a study of early records, then sailed on an American freight boat to Beira in Portuguese East Africa. From Beira he went to Salisbury in Rhodesia, from there to Sinoia, from Sinoia to Gwelo, and from Gwelo to Fort Victoria, whence he visited by automobile the famous ruins at Great Zim- babwe, Returning to Fort Victoria, he went to Bulawayo, thence to Kimberley, then to Johannesburg, and finally to Capetown. Through- out this African territory museums were visited, exchanges arranged, and ethnologists interviewed. He sailed from Capetown October 7 on S. S. "Saxon," arriving at Southampton October 25. He left Eng- land November 16, and arrived in Chicago December 25. By the end of the first year's work it had become evident that Madagascar was divided into three culture areas, and during the past year the method was adopted of studying one or two tribes in each area inten- sively instead of devoting an equal amount of time to all tribes. Full investigations were carried on among the Antaifasina and Antaisaka in the southeast coast area, among the Vezo and Bara of the west coast area, and among the southern Betsileo and Tanala of the Pla- teau Area. The culture of the southeast coast area proved to be archaic. The natives of this region have, until recent times, been ignorant of the arts of weaving and pottery-making, dressing in mats or beaten bark and cooking in bamboo joints. Each tribe has a sacred river into which the umbilical cords of all members of the tribe are thrown and beside which the tribal tomb is built. All members of the tribe are buried in a single tomb, a deep trench sur- rounded by a stockade and usually covered by a house. Men are placed in the north end of the trench; women and children in the south end. Whenever a case of death occurs, all the bodies are lifted out, and the new corpse placed at the bottom. There is a special official, called the Lahy Kibory ("Chief of the Tomb"), who cares for the tomb and also punishes infractions of taboos. The Antaisaka tribe still erects memorial pillars of rough stone identical with the menhirs of prehistoric Europe. One of these, having nearly the same dimensions as the largest monolith at Stonehenge in England, was erected within three months of Dr. Linton's visit, and important information on primitive engineering methods was obtained. In addition to the single stones there are whole groves of menhirs in that region. Over 60 were counted in a single group set up so close together that it was difficult for a man to walk between them. The Vezo and Bara appear to owe their origin to the last large-scale LIBRARY OF THE •UNIVERS5TY Or ILLINOIS > X > s u o » 5 I? fn 1^ O O PS o Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 211 invasion of the island. They are much taller, darker, and more Ne- groid in physical type than the natives of the east coast or plateau areas. The Vezo are a sea people employing the outrigger canoe and double canoe, and making long voyages up and down the west coast. They live almost exclusively by fishing, exchanging their surplus fish with the Masakora and Mikea tribes of the interior for cattle, vege- table foods, and game. The three tribes recognized the same king, but considered themselves distinct, each tribe having its definite field of activity. While the Vezo fish, the Mikea live in the forest, sub- sisting entirely on wild roots and game; and the Masakora, in the open country, where they practise agriculture and engage in cattle- raising. None of the groups cultivate rice, although this is the principal food in the other two areas. Their religion is highly organ- ized with hereditary sacrificial priests who have special insignia of office. The sacrificial priests and the medicine-men are sharply differ- entiated, and no individual may hold both offices. The medicine-men practise astrology, and have an unusually elaborate form of divina- tion, full details of which were obtained. The Bara, who live in the southern interior of the island, are a cattle people of African type. They are semi-nomadic, shifting their villages at the slightest excuse. They five largely on sour milk and rarely cultivate rice. They are expert metal workers, and are the only group in the island who know how to cast brass and silver figures by the lost wax process. They are also excellent wood-carvers, and know how to weave and make pot- tery. They are the most warlike tribe in Madagascar, having retained their independence until very recent times. They have hereditary ceremonial priests, like the Vezo, and had a highly centralized government with kings of the African type, to whom they paid exaggerated respect. They declared that when they first entered their present territory they found there a race of small brown people whom they called the Kimoso. These had straight or wavy hair, and the men were heavily bearded. They dressed in bark cloth and fought with wooden spears, clubs, and slings. They lived in fortified villages, the names of some of which are remembered, and pursued agriculture and cattle-raising, being inferior to the Bara only in metal-working. After several generations of warfare they were exterminated or driven northward, but they were never enslaved, because of their fierce and intractable character. Flacourt, who was at Fort Dauphin in the beginning of the seventeenth century, heard stories of these people which agree in important details with those told Dr. Linton by the living Bara, and it seems certain that such a group actually 212 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII existed. Special attention was devoted to the southern Betsileo because they are at the present time the least influenced tribe of plateau culture. They lived in long established towns fortified with elaborate systems of ditches and walls, subsisted mainly on rice which they raised in irrigated terraces, and were well advanced in all the arts, although inferior to the Bara in metal-working. They are still the best weavers in Madagascar, and very valuable data were ob- tained on their methods of preparing native wild silk. The tribe is divided into four castes^royalty, nobles, commoners, and slaves. Souls of commoners and slaves are supposed to go to Mount Ambondrombe, a real locality, and live as on earth; those of nobles to enter crocodiles, and those of royalty either to go to the region above the sky, where the gods live, or enter snakes. Many individuals promise to answer prayers made to them after death, and have shrines, usually in the form of cairns or stone tables, where sacrifices are made. Menhirs are erected for both men and women of impor- tance. The dead are buried in family tombs, vaults dug in the hard volcanic soil at the bottom of shafts which are sometimes as much as 60 feet deep. The Betsileo have stories of an aboriginal tribe, the Vazimba, but describe these as a black Negroid people of low culture. The Tanala are one of the least known tribes in Madagascar. They occupy a mountainous region of heavy jungle and almost constant rain, and are really a composite group made up of defeated clans forced out of more desirable territory. They have retained many old cultural features which throw a flood of light on ancient conditions elsewhere. They are the only tribe on the island who remember the manufacture of stone implements, and have many traditions of an original population of black dwarfs who lived in caves, had no weapons except wooden spears and no cutting implements except flakes of quartz, and who made fire with the fire saw, although all the modern Malagasy use the fire drill. One of the Tanala clans claims descent from these aborigines, and one still finds occasional indivi- duals of Negrito type among them. Another division of the tribes known as the Red Clan, is very light in color, with reddish brown hair and almost European features. Marriage is usually within the clan, that between the children of a brother and sister being most favored. Until recent times descent appears to have been traced in the female line, and women have a higher position than in any other Malagasy tribe, acting as medicine-men and even as sacrificial priests. In ancient times there were no caste distinctions. The principal Tanala weapon was the blowgun with poisoned darts. The infor- Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 213 mation obtained by the expedition makes it possible to outline the history of Madagascar as follows: The earliest inhabitants appear to have been black pigmies related to those of the Andaman Islands, Philippines, and neighboring islands, rather than to those of Africa. Following these, but prior to the beginning of our era, there was an invasion of brown people from the Indonesian region, who had reached about the same stage of culture as the historic Poly- nesians and were closely related to them. Still later peoples of mixed Negro race came to the west coast from Africa, and gradually forced their way inland, driving the brown people before them. There may also have been a later migration from the neighborhood of Java and Sumatra, and Arab colonies were founded on the east coast between the eighth and eleventh centuries of our era. The existence of an ancient settlement of Asiatics within 230 miles of the African coast has not been suspected before, and will make it necessary to revise most of the accepted theories of African culture origins. A race that could make the 3,000-mile voyage from Indonesia to Mada- gascar could have crossed the Mozambique Channel at will. It seems probable that there were Asiatic settlements on the mainland itself. Perhaps these were destroyed by the comparatively recent southward migration of the Bantu-speaking tribes of Africa. From Salisbury in Rhodesia, Dr. Linton made a side trip of about 350 miles into Mashonaland to acquire some first-hand knowledge of African native life and to determine whether the native culture shows any affinity with that of Madagascar. In regard to the ruins of Great Zimbabwe it has been suggested that they are the work of semi- civilized gold-mining people who used Madagascar as a base of operations. The ruins, however, show no close relationship with any Madagascar structures. Assistant Curator William D. Strong, anthropologist on the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition, sailed on the schooner Radio from Wiscasset, Maine, on June 25. In the latter part of July the party camped at a site about twenty miles northwest of Nain, Labrador. Dr. Strong found three cairn burials at Hopedale and examined the so-called Norse ruins on Sculpin Island, determining that they are of Eskimo and rather recent origin. It has been asserted that the Eskimos of Labrador did not inter their dead in cairns, and it has been argued that all stone ruins found there must be ascribed to the Norsemen. This opinion is now disproved, as Dr. Strong dis- covered three stone burials containing Eskimo skeletons accompanied by good Eskimoan implements and old European trade goods. The 214 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII contents of these graves have been secured for the Museum. In August a three weeks' reconnaissance tour of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land, was undertaken, and a camp of Eskimos living in quite primi- tive style was encountered. Only a few old people and children lived there, as the men were in the interior on their annual caribou hunt. They were still found in possession of their native fur clothing, seal- skin tents, and kayaks. At Brewster's Point on the north shore of Frobisher Bay the first good ruins were discovered and marked for ex- cavation for the following year; they are apparently of the old Tunit type encountered by Rasmussen on the west coast of Hudson Bay. From Brewster's Point the expedition proceeded into the Countess of Warwick Sound, where in 1756-78 Sir Martin Frobisher carried on his ill-fated mining ventures. The ruins of his house and the pits for mining which he had dug are still visible, being located on Kodlunarn Island, a bleak, barren spot, for the early explorers feared the Eski- mos. Digging in these ruins. Dr. Strong brought to light fragments of brick, plaster, coal, and porcelain — incontrovertible proof of their European origin. In 1861 Charles Francis Hall first located the exact site of Frobisher's camp and mapped and described it; since that time the ruins have not been visited by any exploring party. In a radio communication of November 13, Dr. Strong re- ported that he had secured interesting archaeological material sug- gestive of an old Indian-like culture on the coast, a problem which will be studied more closely next summer. Some collections were ob- tained on canoe trips 100 miles up Hunt's River. During the winter it is planned to study the nomadic Naskapi v/ho live largely on caribou herds in the interior of Labrador. These people are almost unknown to science, and it is important that they be fully studied, as they still observe their old customs. They represent more nearly than any other group the old undifferentiated Algonkin culture, since they were forced into their northern habitat at a very early time when the Iroquoian tribes pushed up from the south and replaced the older Algonkian peoples. During the autumn of this year Assistant Curator J. Eric Thomp- son was engaged in locating archaeological sites for future excavations and making an ethnological study of the Maya Indians of southern British Honduras, Central America. The primary object of this research was the study of the old religious and magical beliefs that might throw light on Maya archaeological problems. Despite several centuries of nominal conversion to Christianity practically all the Maya stock retains much of its old religion. The Mayas of southern Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 215 British Honduras comprise two linguistic families. The smaller group are Maya-speaking Mopans or Itzas, the larger group are Kekchi-speaking Chols, immigrants from the Cajabow area of Guate- mala. An attempt was made to concentrate on the Maya-speaking Indians of San Antonio, but it was necessary to extend the work to embrace the Kekchi-Chols, as the latter had profoundly influenced the former. Special attention was paid to the beliefs and practices associated with agriculture, and the numerous prayers, ceremonies, and inhibitions in connection with each stage of the agricultural routine were obtained. Of peculiar interest is the discovery of a belief in a corn spirit residing in the crop, who takes refuge in the last section of the maize to be harvested. This spirit passes into the seed to be sown the following year, and without it the Mayas believe the crop would be a failure. A great deal of the culture of these Indians appears to have remained almost untouched since the arrival of the Spaniards. In recent years, however, this barrier of conservatism is breaking down before the pent-up flood of European culture, and there is no time to lose to recover this priceless material before the Mayas are reduced to a drab colorless "civilized" uniformity. It is proposed to continue this work during the coming season, also to prepare a publication on the subject. Acting on inform.ation obtained from mahogany cutters, Mr. Thompson revisited the site of Pusilha at the junction of the Joventud and Pusilha or Machaca Rivers in the southwestern part of British Honduras, close to the Guatemalan boundary. There he found seven dated stelae and a dated lintel. All the stelae were broken and had fallen down. Unfortunately some of the pieces were too heavy to be turned; however, the following dates were recovered: A.D. Stele 1 9-12-0-0-0 10 Ahan 8 Yaxkin September 1 412 Stele 2 9-3-0-0-0 2 Ahan 8 Muan? April 3 235 Stele 3 9-14-0-0-0 6 Ahan 13 Muan? February 3 452 Lintel 1 9-7-0-0-0 7 Ahan 3 Kankin February 8 314 All are contemporaneous dates except stele 2, which was prob- ably erected at least 150 years later. The readings of stelae 2 and 3 are doubtful. It is hoped to recover the remaining dates in January, 1928, when Assistant Curator Thompson will take the field to carry out archaeological and ethnological investigations in British Honduras under the Captain Marshall Field endowment fund. Excavations will be carried on over a period of four months at Corozal in northern Honduras and other sites. Knowledge of the 216 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII culture and especially the pottery of the Mayas of the Old Empire is still weak, and it will be the purpose of the expedition to obtain more information on these subjects. The Mayas are but scantily repre- sented in the Museum, and an endeavor will be made to remedy this deficiency. At the conclusion of the excavations ethnological work will be resumed among the Mayas of southern British Honduras and the adjacent area of Guatemala, and, if possible, a preliminary investi- gation will be made of the culture of the Ixil Mayas of Guatemala. No study of this people has ever been attempted. They are extremely hostile to the white man. There is reason to believe they may retain many traces of their old organization and customs. Assistant Curator Henry Field left for Europe in the beginning of August to study sites in the prehistoric caves of France and Spain and to collect material and data for groups and exhibits to be placed in the proposed Hall of Prehistoric Man. In the pursuit of his task he was assisted by Professor Breuil, Dr. Obermaier, two artists, and a photographer. He secured extensive collections of paleolithic flints and numerous casts, photographs, sketches, and oil paintings which will furnish the accessories for the cases of the hall in question. In November he left Europe for Jerusalem, and while on his way to Baghdad, made a collection of 12,000 paleolithic and neolithic imple- ments, including a fine and interesting series of worked examples in flint. He reports that he discovered 25 new prehistoric sites in the North Arabian Desert. He reached Baghdad on November 28 after a journey of some 1,750 miles through the desert, and will join the staff of excavators at Kish during the coming season to assist especially in the work of photography and taking care of skeletal material. The Department also benefited from other museum expeditions, notably from the Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition conducted by Mr. John Borden, who presented an excellent collection of Eskimo material described under the heading Accessions, and from the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition during which Mr. H. W. Nichols, Associate Curator of Geology, had occasion to exa- mine the ruins of two deserted Inca towns, Lasana and Pucara, and of two Inca burial-places in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, from which a series of interesting objects was secured. Botany. — The exploration work for the year consisted in the con- tinuation of the Captain Marshall Field Botanical Expedition in the Peruvian Andes by the well-known botanist. Dr. A. Weberbauer. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 217 He encountered a favorable season, and in February and March collected in the departments of Tumbez and Piura 109 numbers, totaling 587 specimens. This collection has not yet been studied, but will undoubtedly add many species to the Peruvian collections that were hitherto unrepresented and in many cases will prove either to be new or known previously only from Ecuador. Especially it will aid in a better understanding of the distribution of the species of the more northern Andes. Although a purchase, mention may be made here of a collection of 700 specimens by Mr. Carlos Schunke from the vicinity of La Merced, Peru. This material is considered further in this Report under Accessions. The Department shared in a number of Museum Expeditions : the Borden-Field Museum Alaska- Arctic Expedition, 1927, yielded 106 specimens, prepared by Miss Frances Ames; the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, 1926, brought back 14 items of inter- est, secured by Messrs. H. W. Nichols and H. Eggers; the Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum in 1926 turned in 446 specimens of Labrador plants by Messrs. C. S. Sewall and A. C. Weed and in 1927, 236 sheets by Mr. Sewall; the Captain Marshall Field South American Expedition (Geology) 1925-1927, incidentally contributed 29 interesting Argentinian plants collected by Mr. Elmer S. Riggs; the Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar, 1925-1927, furnished, through Dr. Ralph Linton, a re- presentation of the palm that supplies raffia. Grateful acknow- ledgment is made to these scientists in geology, anthropology, and zoology for bringing back some representations of the flora of faraway lands. During the summer 200 herbarium specimens were collected in Illinois and Indiana by the Assistant Curator of Taxonomy. These are for exchange and for the herbarium, as there are still a number of locally occurring species inadequately represented in the study collections. The Acting Curator, accompanied by Mr. Sella, spent a few days in the mountains near Laramie, Wyoming, at a locality suggested by Professor Aven Nelson of the University of Wyoming as a favorable collecting ground for alpine plants. The trip was made in connection with the plan for an ecological group to show the typical Rocky Mountain vegetation above the snow line. A collection was made of the relatively few plants which were to be had at the end of the season. 218 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Geology. — Early in September, the Curator and Associate Cura- tor of Geology went by motor to Smithfield, Illinois, and examined a mass of drift copper of unusual size which had been found during some ditching operations at that place. The place of discovery of the mass was visited, and the geological nature of the formation in which it was found carefully investigated. The mass of copper itself was measured and photographed, and negotiations were entered into which may result in its ultimate acquisition by the Museum. Later in the season the Curator visited several pegmatite quarries in Maine, where an unusually active season had afforded exceptional opportunities for collecting representative mineral specimens. A large crystal of beryl, weighing about 100 pounds, was collected; also large crystals of orthoclase and spodumene, tourmalines of unusual colors, quartz of a quality for fusing, columbite, and several other rare minerals. The Second >Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, in charge of Associate Curator Riggs, assisted by Mr. Robert C. Thorne as collector and by Dr. Rudolf Stahlecker as stratigrapher and collector, continued field work during the greater part of the year. Having finished collecting in the Pliocene formations of the Province of Catamarca, Argentina, the party, at the end of December, 1926, proceeded to Tucuman and thence to Buenos Aires. The task which occupied the expedition during 1927 was to make collections of the great extinct mammals which are known from the Pleistocene formations in South America. The fossil remains of these animals have been found in old river channels, in valley deposits, and beneath the surface in great plains areas. Such formations are dis- tributed through many parts of South America. It therefore remained for the expedition to select those localities in which the action of rains and streams were laying bare the strata in which the fossils are known to occur, in such a way as to make possible discovery of the fossils. The first locality chosen as a collecting ground was the Pampean formations of central Argentina. The sands and the clays of these formations are found in the great plains areas in strata 30 to 40 feet in thickness lying just below the heavy black soil. In this fertile belt, covered with abundant vegetation, the fossil remains which the expedition was seeking, lie buried. The only places where the collector could see what lay below the surface were in the banks of streams and in the low cliffs facing the sea. Most of the streams of o 'z o w :z; H Eh .J O o a o o ►J pa CO a l-H n o o < a D o o CO o o CO a o H Q z -] H CO < O O H Oh LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 219 this region, excepting the great rivers at the north, were found to flow through marshy lands, where the banks were concealed by the growth of grass. Along the southern coast it was observed that some of the streams fall over ledges of stone in a series of cataracts and so have carved out narrow channels of considerable depth. The walls of these channels exposed the fossil-bearing layers and so offered favor- able collecting grounds. A similar condition was found in the sea- cliffs, where the waves were continually wearing away the harder rock-ledges which are there laid bare. At the beginning of the j^ear Collectors Thorne and Stahlecker, provided with light working equipment, proceeded to the Port of Ne- cochea to begin collecting at the coast. The leader of the party was occupied, meanwhile, in Buenos Aires with securing the necessary permit to export the collections which had arrived from Catamarca. Another task was to secure renewal of the annual permit to make collections in Argentina. These matters, deferred by tedious delays, occupied some weeks. Late in January the leader, with camp man, proceeded by railway to Bahia Blanca to bring to the new base of operations the motor cars and additional camp equipment which had been stored there since the movement northward of the First Expe- dition in June of 1924. This equipment was then conveyed by motor to Necochea, where a working camp was established. Collecting was by this time well begun. Operations carried on from the Port of Necochea and from the neighboring village of Quequen, consisted in search along the low sea cliffs and in the ledges exposed on the beach at low tide. These collecting grounds were most readily reached by walking over the beach sands. A belt of sand dunes extending some miles inland and backed by a zone of marshes and lagoons, made approach to the shore with vehicles possible in a few places only. Search was extended day by day along the coast eastward and westward from the camp, and from such points as it was possible to approach with a light car. Six weeks were spent in this locality. The more important specimens secured were: a skeleton of the ground sloth, Glossotherium, a heavy- bodied animal comparable in size to the modern hippopotamus; some skulls and other parts of ground sloths related to the above, and specimens of rodents and other smaller animals. Reconnaissance was then made some 50 miles westward along the coast, and a camp temporarily established there. After a few days the party moved to the Quequen River some twenty miles inland. Step by step the formations exposed in the river banks and in the 220 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII lesser tributaries, were gone over. From time to time the camp was moved farther upstream so as to keep pace with the work of search and excavation. Many times each day the collectors waded or swam the stream as they proceeded from point to point. As specimens were secured, they were packed and shipped in lots to a warehouse in Buenos Aires. The Quequen River and several of its tributaries were thus followed to a point some 60 m.iles from the sea, where low and swampy banks rendered further collecting in that direction im- practical. Specimens secured from the Quequen River consisted of one articulated skeleton of the ground sloth Scelidodon, an animal somewhat smaller than the Glossotherium found at the coast. One of these specimens was almost complete, with head and legs in natural position. Other specimens collected, were a skull and various other parts of the great saber-tooth tiger Smilodon, parts of a skeleton of the southern Mastodon, and other smaller specimens of scientific value. Late in March the leader, in company with Dr. Stahlecker, visited the classic collecting ground at Miramar and examined the formations there. This locality, which has been reported as yielding artifacts of human make associated with bones of extinct mammals, was examined and a few specimens collected. The control of this locality by local museums, as well as the appearance of continued rains, made any considerable collecting at that time impractical. The two sections of the party then met at Estancia Moro, east of Quequen, for a final survey of the coastwise exposures. Finding that the fossils there were poorly preserved, the party moved westward to the city of Tres Arroyas and to the Quequen Salada River. The latter proved to be the most profitable collecting ground which this expedition encountered in the Province of Buenos Aires. In its lower course this stream plunges over a series of falls, and below them has cut a deep and narrow channel through the most fertile wheat-lands of Argentina. In the banks of this river-channel, which are swept clean every year by high waters, there was found a splendid specimen of the greatest of the ground sloths. Megatherium ameri- canum. The skull, neck, torso, and many of the leg and foot bones were all preserved. This specimen, with additions, will enable the Museum to assemble a mounted skeleton of this animal. Of special interest was the discovery, in association with the re- mains of the great sloth, of a half skeleton of the great saber- tooth tiger, Smilodon. These two specimens were discovered by Dr. Stah- lecker in the face of a vertical bank of the river some 25 feet below the surface of the ground. High waters of previous years had Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 221 undermined this bank, resulting in a small landslip, which revealed the bones of the animals. The specimens were secured by making a considerable lateral excavation, or "drift," and by removing them in large sections. Other specimens secured from this locality include a skull of the lesser ground-sloth, Glossotherium, parts of the armament of the great ghT)todont, Panochthus, an entire skeleton of a viscaccia-like rodent, and various specimens of fossil horses and llamas. The historic local- ity of Monte Hermosa, made famous by the early researches of Darwin, was visited. A few skulls and jaws were secured there, but little collecting could be done on account of the banks of sea-sand which covered the principal fossil-bearing reef, and which are said to be removed only by the late storms of winter. With the close of the southern summer and the approach of un- settled weather, the party moved northward into Bolivia. Dr. Stah- lecker's services being no longer available, Sefior Jose Strucco was employed as a second collector. The scene of the First Expedition's labors in the Valley of Tarija was visited. The party was cordially received by old friends, but unsettled conditions and threatening hostilities placed restraint upon immediate operations. While await- ing official sanction, some collecting was done in the vicinity of the City of Tarija. The objective of the expedition in Bolivia was to make collections from the formations of the earlier Pleistocene age which would serve to connect, in historical sequence, the Pliocene fauna of Catamarca with the later Pleistocene fauna of central Argentina. The earlier Pleisto- cene deposits were therefore sought out in the smaller isolated valleys of the Department of Tarija. While the larger valley has been known for the occurrence of fossil mammals, which the natives have designated as the "bones of giants" since the coming of the early Jesuit priests to that section, its isolation from the greater avenues of travel, and the difficulty of transporting heavy objects across moun- tain valleys and over ridges 12,000 feet in elevation has proved an effective barrier against the removal of extensive collections. How- ever, Argentinian, Norwegian, and French collectors have made known to the outside world the scientific treasures of this locality. More recently a national highway has admitted travel by motor car and has made possible the transportation to railway of objects too heavy for pack-mules to carry. A camp of the Museum expedition was, in due course, established near the village of Patcaya, in a valley where little fossil collect- 222 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII ing had been carried on. The formation there proved to be relatively- rich in remains of ground sloths and in those of fossil horses. An almost entire articulated skeleton of Megatherium, of a smaller species than that found in Argentina, rewarded careful search by Mr. Thorne. An old river channel deposit proved sufficiently rich in fossils to make excavation profitable. Such work was carried on under personal supervision of the leader, and at the expense of re- moving sixteen feet of overljdng clays. Bones sufficient to insure mounting a skeleton of the great sloth, Lestodon, were there secured. Another locality yielded to the patient search of Sefior Strucco three incomplete skeletons of Glossotherium . A large section of the dermal armor of this animal, embedded in matrix, with parts of the skeleton, was also secured. Other specimens obtained were: skull and leg of the immigrant horse, Equus; parts of the large-headed and short- legged pseudo-horse, Hippidion; specimens of the camel-like but three-toed and trunk-bearing Macrauchenia, and specimens of var- ious members of the Llama family. The problem of transporting from this isolated valley a collection of 5,000 pounds weight proved a difficult one. Ordinarily speci- mens secured were carried to camp on the shoulders of the col- lectors or their peon-helpers, at the end of the day's work. The plaster of paris required for wrapping the specimens was baked in a native clay oven. It was made from crystals of gypsum which had been gathered by peons from the hillside. This material was ground to fineness by hand on a flat stone and sifted through a piece of wire screen. Lumber for making packing cases was brought some 80 miles from the valley of Bermejo on the backs of burros. At the camp, or at a native carpenter shop, this timber was further sawed by hand into shapes suitable for the purpose. When packing- cases had thus been prepared, and the specimens packed in them, they were borne either on the backs of burros to Tarija or, if too large for the strength of the animals, they were lashed to poles and borne by native men to a roadway which was passable for auto- mobile transport. More or less injury to specimens was inevitable by these methods. In October the party returned by way of LaPaz, Lake Titicaca, and Mollendo, to Chicago. Most of the collections have now been received at the Museum, and from time to time will be placed on exhibition. Altogether, 118 specimens of fossil mammals were col- lected by the Expedition during the year, and 245 negatives illus- trating various phases of the work in Argentina and Bolivia were Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 223 made. In addition, small collections of modern reptiles, skins of modern mammals, and plants found in the regions visited, were obtained for the use of other departments of the Museum. Assistant Curator Roy accompanied the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of the year, as geologist. His efforts were chiefly devoted to the study and collection of the invertebrate fossils of the regions visited. Typical rock specimens were also collected and many general observations made. Some of the localities from which representative specimens were obtained in Labrador, were Battle Harbor, Hopedale, Nain and adjacent islands. The only fossils found in Labrador were a few drift fossils that had been carried down by ice from the Hudson Strait region and Baffin Land. With the exception of one area north of the Straits of Belle Isle, no sedimentary deposit was seen on the entire coast of Labrador. The single area referred to has been fully described by members of the Canadian Geological Survey. Special attention was devoted to the exploration of such portions of Baffin Land as could be visited, chiefly those about Fro- bisher Bay. As a result of this work, Mr. Roy was able to prepare a more accurate map of the bay and surrounding areas than had previously been made, and to determine many of the important features of the region. He reached Frobisher Bay on the evening of August 9. This bay, which is situated on the southeast side of Baffin Land, has an entrance 55 miles wide, bounded by Resolution Island on the southwest and Lok's Island on the northeast. The bay extends in a general northwesterly direction for about 150 miles. The upper part of the bay has many rocky capes, numerous islands and shoals, and is divided into two arms. A group of larger islands, con- taining Chase and Gabriel Islands, occupies the middle of the bay. The southeast coast of the bay (Kingsite side) was found to be com- posed of high, rugged, barren, igneous hills indented by numerous fiords and partially covered by Grinnell Glacier, which discharges by way of several tongues into the bay. The general dip of the beds was found to be S.70 ° E. and N. 10 ° W. The coast has all the marks com- mon in a glaciated region, such as lakes, cirques, hanging valleys and deep fiords. In the valleys between the hills, lakes formed by the draining of streams by moraines, eskers and kames were common. The physiography of the coast was found to be essentially the same, except that the hills are not so high and there is no existing glacier. The northeast coast of the bay is also a barren, rugged land, but it does not show the work of ice as conspicuously as the other coast. 224 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Another contrasting feature of the northeast coast noted was that the hills were massive and seldom showed any bedding planes. While the entire coast was essentially barren and covered with glacial debris, a few areas of fertile, arable land were noted. Both coasts of the bay were examined as thoroughly as time per- mitted, and collections were made from eleven different places. The fossils found on both coasts were all drift fossils of Trenton and Utica stage and had doubtless been brought to the coast from the interior of Baffin Land. No sedimentary deposit, either fossiliferous or non- fossiliferous, was observed anywhere except at Silliman's Fossil Mountain, where the largest and best collection of fossils in situ was made. This mountain is in 63° 43'N. Latitude and 69° 02'W. Lon- gitude. It lies at the head of the bay, about 300 feet from high tide and two and and one-half miles south of the Jordan River. It is a hill of limestone and lies unconformably on the hills of Meta Incognita. It is about three-quarters of a mile long and 320 feet high (by aneroid) and runs in a general northwest and southeast direction. The exact number of fossil specimens collected is not yet known, but it is doubtless well over 500. Most of them are still in the matrix. They are all of the middle Ordovician Period (Trenton and Utica stage), and include the classes: Brachiopoda, Lamellibranchiata, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita and other Arthropoda, Echinta odermata, Coelenterata and Porifera — the Cephalopoda being the most abundant. Representative collections of the igneous and met- amorphic rocks of both coasts were also made. These rocks consist of schistose and gneissoid types together with some basalts and perhaps some peridotites. All are believed to be of Pre-Cambrian and probably Archaean age. The extent of Grinnell glacier, discovered and named by Captain Hall in 1865, was determined as far as possible by Mr. Roy, and evidence was obtained which indicates considerable decline of this body of ice since that time. In the latter part of the year Mr. Roy transferred his base of operations to Newfoundland and con- tinued collecting there. Localities in which he collected there were chiefly those yielding Cambrian fossils, and a number of good speci- mens of these have already been obtained. Reconnaissance work was carried on in Notre Dame Bay, Trinity Bay and Conception Bay. In Notre Dame Bay no Cambrian deposit was observed. Collecting in Trinity Bay, however, gave excellent results, upwards of 400 specimens of fossils of lower Cambrian age having been obtained. These represent the classes : Lamellibranchiata, Annelida, Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 225 Gastropoda and Trilobita. Many of these fossils are complete, well preserved and in excellent condition. Occurring in delicate shales, they require considerable preparation, and this work will be carried forward during the winter. At Conception Bay, well-preserved fossils of lower, middle and upper Cambrian horizons were found, and further collecting will be carried on there. Deposits of economic importance noted showed ores of iron, copper, lead and manganese. Zoology.- — During the year six important expeditions, devoted wholly or mainly to zoological work, were in the field. Three of these worked in Alaska, Labrador and the Arctic; two were in central and eastern Africa; and one was in southern and central South America. Field work in India also was done through the cooperation of Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe, and zoological specimens in some numbers were received from expeditions conducted by other departments of the Museum. Cooperation was continued with the Third Asiatic Expe- dition of the American Museum of Natural History. The Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, with reduced personnel, continued work begun in 1926. The zoological section of this expedition included originally Mr. George K. Cherrie, Mrs. Marshall Field, Mrs. Grace G. Seton, Mr. Curzon Taylor, Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, and Mr. Colin C. Sanborn. Most of the party returned in 1926, but Mr. Sanborn, with one native assistant, continued until October, 1927. He spent a total of four months in Uruguay traveling some 2,000 miles by motor truck, visiting eight Departments of the country and making collections at twelve differ- ent points. Among the birds obtained were five species not previously recorded from Uruguay. Two specimens were secured of a very rare bird discovered by Charles Darwin nearly 100 years ago and not reported subsequently. It is the Straight-billed Reed Runner, a small bird of wren-like habits, and the specimens now in Field Museum are the only ones extant with the exception of Darwin's original types in the British Museum. The total collections from Uruguay number 345 mammals, 462 birds, 786 reptiles, and 2,500 fish, being the only important collection of Uruguayan vertebrates in the United States. Uruguayan authorities, both military and civil, were most courteous and helpful, furnishing permits, introductions, and infor- mation. Mr. H. J. Doyle, of Armour and Company, at Montevideo, also extended hospitality and provided letters of introduction. Early in February, Mr. Sanborn was directed to collect group material for 226 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII exhibition. This work first took him to the Territory of Santa Cruz, Patagonia, where a group of Guanacos was collected during the month of March. Nearly all the young Guanacos, which are born in November and December, had been killed for their hides, so it was only by great good fortune that three young ones, which had been born very late in the season, were secured. Seven adult specimens were also taken. This animal is being exterminated as a pest, since it interferes with the sheep industry. Messrs. Rollitt and Kendall of the firm of that name in Santa Cruz, were very helpful to the party. The Santa Cruz collection was shipped from Buenos Aires and on April 17 start was made up the Paraguay and Parana Rivers to Descalvados, headquarters of the Brazil Land and Cattle Company, which was not reached until June 12, after many difficulties and delays due mainly to storms and floods. At this point, Mr. J. G. Ramsay, who had been host of the expedition in 1926, provided all facilities for work and several camps were made in the vicinity. Thirteen Swamp Deer, ranging from young fawns to old males with large horns, were obtained and prepared for exhibition purposes. Blood-sucking vampire bats at one camp made serious attacks on the horses, but were prevented from continuing by tying the horses in the light of a powerful gasoline lantern which was kept burning all night. Further groups were obtained of the American Tapir and the Giant Anteater or Antbear. Besides the groups and their accesso- ries about 100 other mammals were collected, representing prac- tically all the large and medium-sized species found in this part of Brazil. Work was concluded on September 5. The expedition received much assistance from American diplomatic officers in Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, and Asuncion, for which the Museum makes grateful acknowledgment. The Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition, after getting well started in 1926, as recounted in the report for that year, continued with marked success during 1927. Work in the Chilalo Mountains of the Province of Arussi was carried on at several camps. In addition to the exhibition group of the large beautiful antelope known as the Mountain Nyala, mentioned previously, very thorough collections were made of all the vertebrate life of this peculiar mountain region. On leaving these mountains, the party was divided and one section, with Messrs. Osgood and Fuertes, proceeded southward, while the other, with Messrs. Baum, Bailey, and Cutting, turned eastward. The first section worked around the southern end of the Chilalo Mountains and crossed the canyon of the Webbi Shebeli LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF o a < <3 ai «^ "" ^ ^ U3 o E 2 < w ■I" Pi « 2 w •a c eg 3 c Of THE UNIVIKSITY OF ILLINOIS Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 255 labels and card indexed during the year. Labels were written for some 1,500 wood specimens in the reference collection, and for about 20,000 Yucatan and other duplicates, intended for exchange, in the herbarium. Descriptive labels were written for all new installations in the exhibition halls, and some diagrams showing chemical composition and distribution maps were prepared for various economic exhibits. Geology. — The total number of specimens catalogued during the year in the Department of Geology was 2,415, making a total of 179,897 now recorded. Of those catalogued during the year, the largest number were invertebrate fossils of the Borden collection, the identification and recording of which has been continued as opportunity permitted. From this collection and some other small accessions of invertebrate fossils, 1,003 specimens were entered dur- ing the year. Another large series catalogued during 1927 was that of the entire geological collections made by the Rawson-Mac- Millan Subarctic Expedition of 1926. These numbered 580 speci- mens. The cataloguing of the geological collections made by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926, numbering 308 specimens, was also completed. These were chiefly specimens from Chile and Bolivia, those obtained in Brazil and Uruguay by this expedition having been recorded in 1926. All of the specimens from this expedition entered this year were not only catalogued and num- bered, but were also checked against the field notes and provided with temporary labels. Other series catalogued were those of 63 mineral specimens presented by Mr. William J. Chalmers, 60 collected by the Curator in Maine, and 103 specimens of the vertebrate fossils col- lected by the Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina. In order to have more complete and accurate data on hand regarding the more important gem specimens in the Higin- botham Hall collection, 120 of these were weighed and measured and the results recorded. Those so catalogued included the larger dia- monds, all the emeralds, and the larger sapphires, aquamarines, beryls, topazes, amethysts, citrines, and rock crystals. Successful efforts were made to complete the mounting in the departmental albums of the photographic prints received during the year. In this work 623 prints were classified and mounted. The larger number of these were from photographs made by the Asso- ciate Curator in South America in the previous year, or pre- sented to him by residents of that continent. Another large series 256 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII was one of 181 prints of geological photographs made by the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition. In most cases, all prints mounted were labeled fully. The total number of prints preserved is now 5,871, and they are mounted in 15 albums. To the series of United States Geological Survey topographic maps on file, 82 were added during the year, making a total of 3,145 of these maps now available for reference. As in previous cases, brief descriptive labels were filed with the maps newly added to the series. The decision that was reached early in the year to change the color of the label stock from black to buff necessitated the reprinting of many labels as exhibits were newly installed. Labels printed for this purpose and installed during the year numbered 287. These were chiefly for two cases of concretions and one of peat products. In addition, 50 miscellaneous labels were printed and installed, mak- ing a total of 307 labels. These were all that were received from the printer during the year. In some cases, where printed labels could not be furnished, temporary tjT)ewritten labels were installed. The number of these, together with those for which copy was written during the year, amounted to 584. Two descriptive labels, one for the brickyard model and one for the relief map of the Niagara river, were written. Of these, that of the brickyard model was printed and installed. A complete series of labels giving the grouping of each meteorite according to the Berwerth classification, was made for the study collection of iron meteorites, numbering 300 specimens. These labels were filed with the specimens. Zoology. — Regular cataloguing of specimens in the Department of Zoology proceeded at an increased rate, but owing to the large number of accessions, much of this work remains to be done. The total number of regular entries was 9,673 as against 6,327 in 1926 and 6,079 in 1925. They were distributed as follows: mammals, 1,600; birds, 4,213; fishes, 905; reptiles and amphibians, 2,832; skeletons, 23; insects, 100. Specimens of mammals have been numbered as catalogued so far as possible, but skulls cannot be numbered until after they are cleaned, and several thousand of these have not received numbers. Birds and mammals from museum expeditions are supplied with permanent labels by the collectors, but those from other sources require new labels. Such labels have been supplied during the year to some 2,000 birds and to a small number of mammals. Con- Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 257 siderable further work of this kind remains to be done. Labeling and numbering of reptiles and amphibians has kept pace with the accessioning of them, and is nearly up to date. On account of pressure of other work, labeling of fishes and insects has received only slight attention. Exhibition labels were prepared and installed for five mammal groups, and for fourteen single specimens. Exhibition labels were also made for 68 paintings of birds and mammals. Black labels on seven screens of fishes were replaced by new ones of light color. Label copy was prepared for 335 species of butterflies intended for exhibition. Photographic prints were mounted in the departmental albums to the number of 632. The total number of prints now in the albums is 7,186. The state of the catalogues at the end of the year is as follows: Department of Anthropology . Department of Botany Department of Geology Department of Zoology Library Total of Number of entries to Entries Totel of record books Dec. 31, during cards 1927 1927 written 46 175,307 5,502 176,608 63 570,729 8,340 11,159 26 179,897 2,415 6,872 46 134,518 9,673 40,306 16 175,262 9,146 366,082 INSTALLATIONS, REARRANGEMENTS AND PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS Anthropology. — The activity of the Department of Anthro- pology during the year under review was largely centered on the completion of the California Hall, the installation of which was inaugurated last year, and the installation of African ethnology for the proposed African Hall. A total of 70 exhibition cases were installed, distributed as follows: Cases Stanley Field Hall 4 Edward E. and Emma B. Ayer Hall 1 South America (Hall 9) • 7 Mexico (Hall 8) 1 California (Hall 6) 8 China 14 Africa ^^ Total 70 Two novel technical features have been introduced: the former black screens and black label cards with type set off in aluminum have 258 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII been abandoned, and are replaced with light-colored screens and a label card corresponding in color printed with black type. Through long experiments it has been determined that this scheme is best suited for the halls with artificial lighting. A new and better method of arranging objects on screens has also been inaugurated. Instead of spreading objects out in horizontal rows the entire length of the screen, a plan of panel arrangement has been devised by which the screen is divided, as dictated by the requirements of the exhibit, into three, four or more vertical panels, somewhat like the columns of a newspaper. In this manner it is easier to single out groups or types that belong together, or, wherever archaeological periods are involved, to accentuate developments in time sequences. Labeling and position of labels are also facilitated under this plan, and the exhibits become more "readable." Examples of this new method may be viewed in Case 12 of Stanley Field Hall and in a case of Chinese metal mirrors recently installed. Four notable additions were made to Stanley Field Hall. A selection of 222 pieces from the collection of archaic Chinese jades presented last year by Mrs. George T. Smith, Mrs. John J. Borland, Miss K. S. Buckingham, and Messrs. Martin A. Ryerson, Julius Rosen wald. Otto C. Doering, and Martin C. Schwab, has been in- stalled in Case 12 of Stanley Field Hall. The upper compartment has been arranged in three panels showing ceremonial swords, knives, and daggers; large disks; and ceremonial weapons. The lower compartment illustrates decorated girdle-ornaments, carvings of ox- heads, figures of tigers, hares, birds, tortoises, snake, alligator, dolphins, fishes, insects, charms, and implements, laid out in twelve panels. A gray art-linen has been chosen for mounting the back- ground of this exhibit which is explained by 110 labels. The Magdalenian skeleton from Cap-Blanc has been exhibited in an A-shaped case which was placed on view in Stanley Field Hall for several months. The exhibit is enlivened and rendered very instruc- tive by a series of flint implements from the Upper Paleolithic of France and by photographs illustrating the rock-shelter where the skeleton was discovered, and the frieze of horses carved on the wall of the cave. A selection of Mr. John Borden's Eskimo collection has been dis- played in an A-shaped case in Stanley Field Hall. The exhibits embrace jade adzes from Cape Prince of Wales; jade adze-heads from Point Hope; copper arrowheads, a copper and an iron knife, and a specimen of native copper from which needles are made, from Victoria LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY GF ILLiNQ'.S X X 0) o > o a >> o CO a ■3 3 O s 3 V 2 a •; o "u ', J 1 O "I ; Ph i -I O § i PM -3 I •5 J «,) •< 9 ■O o a Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 259 Land, northern Canada; bone arrowheads and decorated bone needle-cases from the same area; four wooden masks, carved ivory drill-bows, ivory tobacco-pipes, and walrus tusks engraved with scenes; further, ivory human and animal figures, fish-hooks, har- poons, ice-picks, toggles, and toys. At the end of the year a selection of Madagascar material brought here by Assistant Curator Linton was installed in Stanley Field Hall as a temporary exhibit. Examples are shown of the best native weaving in wild and domestic silk, bast and raffia, and a num- ber of small objects including silver-mounted snuff-bottles from the Imerina tribe, wood-carvings of the Mahafaly tribe, brass work of the Bara tribe, and native jewelry, including a gold necklace which formerly was the property of a queen of the Sakalava in the northern part of the island. New labels on buff cards were prepared for Case 11 (antiquities of Benin) in Stanley Field Hall. The Roman bronze table from Boscoreale with seven associated bronze vessels and two glass pitchers, formerly shown in Stanley Field Hall, has been reinstalled and placed in Edward E. and Emma B. Ayer Hall. The reinstallation of collections from the California Indians in Hall 6 has been completed by Assistant Curator Strong according to the plan outlined in the 1926 Report (p. 79). Eight additional cases have been placed on exhibition, containing clothing, games, household utensils, baskets, fishing implements, ceremonial and war equipment of the Klamath, Hupa, Yurok, Yokut and Pomo tribes. The total number of standard exhibition cases devoted to Calif ornian ethnology now amounts to seventeen. All these exhibits are com- pletely labeled and illustrated by photographs. The installation of Hall 9 devoted to South America was con- tinued in the beginning of the year by Assistant Curator Thompson. The remainder of the Calchaqui archaeological collection from Ar- gentina was placed on exhibition. This collection is the finest repre- senting this culture in the United States, and, with the exception of collections in Argentina, it may be safely said, in the world. A case of Inca pottery and stone work, which for lack of space had not previously been exhibited in this building, was added to Hall 9. Very interesting material from graves at Ancon, Peru, was reinstalled on light screens. A beginning was made with the reinstallation of the ethnological section, a case containing material from British Guiana being reinstalled in the newly adopted style. This work was con- tinued by Assistant Curator McGovem at the end of the year, who 260 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII took charge of the installation of two cases of Gran Chaco ethnology, illustrating dress, personal ornaments and equipment for securing and preparing food. In Hall 8, now devoted exclusively to Mexican and Central Ameri- can anthropology, a case of Casas Grandes pottery was placed on exhibit. Casas Grandes culture, situated in the state of Chihuahua, northern Mexico, marks a local southern development of the Pueblo cultures of the Southwest of the United States. The exhibit em- braces two collections, one donated by Mr. Homer E. Sargent, the other presented to the Museum through General Pershing by Cap- tains Wright and Cooper. Several important additions were made to the East and West Galleries. The collection of South Chinese beadwork presented by Mrs. George T. Smith last year (1926 Report, p. 38) has been installed in a screen case. This unique collection consists of a large series of bead-embroidered money-belts, money-bags, pouches, spec- tacle-cases, slippers, bed-ornaments, and patterns for dresses. Archaic Chinese sacrificial bronze vessels and implements of the Bronze Age were effectively reinstalled in accordance with the newly adopted standard. To the former case has been added a series of rubbings taken by Chinese from famous ancient bronzes, at which they are unsurpassed masters. The great Chinese religious drama showing the ten purgatories formerly distributed over four cases has been installed in a built-in case at the south end of Hall 32. The entire performance is now concentrated in a single case divided into seven compartments. In Cases 32 and 33 of Hall 32 new-style labels have been substituted for the old ones. The dress of a Mongol woman with her jewelry, presented by Mrs. Charles B. Goodspeed, has been installed on a figure, and is shown together with another set of Mongol jewelry obtained by Dr. Laufer in 1910 on the Blackstone Expedition. During the year under review 35 cases of African ethno- logical material have been installed by Assistant Curator Hambly. Thirteen of these cases contain the extensive Cameroon collection acquired a few years ago and now installed for the first time. The remaining cases are reinstallations, but the material contained in these was carefully gone over, sifted, and selected with discrimination. The grouping of cases is geographical, the main divisions being Cameroon (13 cases). West Africa in general (3 cases), Benin (2 cases), the Congo Basin (4 cases), Angola (1 case), Southeast Africa (4 cases) , Kenya Colony (4 cases) , Somaliland and the eastern Sudan (4 cases). Within these broad geographical areas the material has Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 261 been arranged according to tribes whose industries, household tasks, rehgious behefs, and magical practices have been illustrated more or less completely as far as the material available permits. By exhibiting in a special case three life-size figures of Cameroon medicine-men with their equipment, prominence has been given to magical rites which are fundamental in primitive society. In the Cameroon section Cases 1 and 2 illustrate masks and wooden figures, which are closely associ- ated with the religious life of many tribes within this area. Wooden masks and head-ornaments are indispensable paraphernalia used during ceremonial dances of secret societies, initiation lodges, and other tribal functions. Among the wooden effigies of human beings is one of particular interest, namely the doorkeeper, an image placed at the entrance to a small hut where the chief's skull is buried. In Case 3 skin-covered heads are of exceptional interest; for these, when not in use as part of a dancer's costume, are carefully concealed in small houses away from the sight of women. On the reverse side of the screen in this case have been arranged a series of articles, such as fibre costume, gong, pipe and staff, which are used by a reigning chief when celebrating the ceremony known as feeding the ghost of a former chief. In Cases 4 and 5 dealing with Came- roon warfare is displayed a variety of leather, wooden, and wicker shields. A richly carved war-canoe from Dualla is an unusual object, while ordinary equipment of men on the war-path is amply repre- sented by a variety of swords, daggers, spears, powder-flasks, life- preserving charms, clubs, bows and arrows, and also a very ancient type of flintlock gun. Household occupations of women are exhibited in Cases 6 and 7, shov/ing bags, baskets, wooden bowls, gourds, and pottery. This domestic material is followed by a collection of fish- traps and small cross-bows used for shooting small birds. Case 8 contains a remarkably fine collection of beadwork including large gourds which serve for holding palm-wine, personal ornaments, and grotesque masks employed in death dances for driving away ghosts. Exhibitions of wood-carving (Cases 9 and 12) comprise several excel- lent examples of ornamental posts, window frames, and large upright drums. Handwork of many kinds is illustrated by objects assembled in Cases 10 and 11. Here may be found clothing, woven chiefly by men who use primitive looms; pipes of clay with beaded stems; carved staffs; ivory tusks; and ornamented drinking horns. Brass casting and iron work have received special attention, while artistic leather goods are exemplified by cushions, saddle-covers, and horse trappings. In proximity to the Cameroon collection are two cases of 262 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII valuable cast bronze and carved ivory illustrating the life and in- dustries of Benin, a city which has for several centuries been as famous for its works of art as it has been notorious for human sacrifice. Material from the Congo is scanty in relation to the enormous area drained by that river, but in spite of this obvious difficulty four cases, each representing one principal culture area, have been installed. Zulu life has been represented in relation to warfare and personal ornament, while a series of well-carved staffs is an attractive feature of this exhibit. A small area near Mount Kenya, visited by Carl Akeley in 1896 and subsequent years, has been dealt with in Cases 27-30 which present the warfare, hunting, handicrafts, and domestic work of the Masai, Akikuyu, and Wandorobo tribes. Finally the nomadic life of Somaliland and the Eastern Sudan is depicted in Cases 31-34 by a collection of equipment for camels, mats used in house- building, clothing, personal ornament, spears, swords, shields, bows and quivers. This section also contains a few objects from the Dinkas and Shilluks, who are Nilotic Negroes dwelling near the banks of the Upper White Nile. All African exhibits have been illustrated by photographs, sketches, and watercolors. Owing to building altera- tions on the ground floor it has as yet been impossible to open the African Hall. The cases installed have been temporarily stored in the clerestories and, as soon as conditions permit, will be arranged in the hall assigned to them. The collection of Japanese Surimono in Frank W. Gunsaulus Hall, a gift of Miss Helen C. Gunsaulus, was withdrawn from exhibition in the latter part of the year. As the coloring of these prints is of great dehcacy and the pigments are apt to fade in course of time, it has been thought advisable in the interest of their preservation not to expose them any longer to the hazards of daylight. Four large port- folios have been specially made for these prints which are now kept in the Curator's office, where they are accessible to students interested in the subject. Four cases in Higinbotham Hall (Gem Room) were cleaned, and the exhibits rearranged. Material in the Room of Physical Anthropology has been defi- nitely arranged and classified. Each row of cabinets has been provided with printed labels framed under glass specifying the geographical area and tribes involved. A study room for the use of students has been made available in Room 39. It is well furnished with large working-tables and well lighted. The walls are lined by exhibition cases in which is displayed Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 263 selected material from all parts of the world, with special regard to the needs of designers. They will find here neat baskets of the Ameri- can Indians, Mexican and Chinese pottery, Chinese bronzes, wood- carvings from Africa and Australia, and many other things. A series of skulls and skeletal material, and measuring instruments, are like- wise accessible in the room. The study room was frequented chiefly by students of physical anthropology such as Professor F. E. Wood who made a thorough study of Philippine and Peruvian skulls; Dr. H. Gray from the Institute of Juvenile Research, who studied problems of head heights; Dr. T. Michelson of the Bureau of American Ethno- logy, who made a series of measurements upon Blackfoot crania; Dr. G. Bergfors of the Swedish Race-biological Institute at the University of Upsala, who studied the Polynesian collections of skulls; and Dr. G. A. Montelius, head of the Department of Dentistry at the Univer- sity of Minnesota, who examined Hopi skulls with special reference to teeth. Copies of all measurements and observations made by these scholars have been retained on the departmental files. The arrangement of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic textiles obtained for the Museum by Professor James H. Breasted in 1925 proved a complex task. As received from Egypt, the fabrics were mostly mounted on cardboard, and pieces that belong together had been frequently split up to make more units. Even when fragments of the same garment had been left together, they were in many cases assembled in quite hit-and-miss fashion. These fragments therefore had to be matched and rearranged to show the original make-up of the costumes from which they came. For better preservation, as well as to effect the necessary rearrangement, all fabrics and garments are being mounted on linen by a skillful seamstress engaged for this task. Material in all work-rooms and storage-rooms has been rear- ranged, and conditions improved. Room 30 has been cleared and set aside for study collections of African ethnology. Collections from India, Burma, and Ceylon were consolidated in Room 31. Room 66 was cleared, a new storage rack added to it, and it is now used for American Indian baskets. Material in Room 65 was rearranged; it now contains Chinese, Tibetan, Kish, and Egyptian antiquities. Re- arrangements were likewise made in the Poison Room on the fourth floor. Thirteen frames were made for Chinese paintings, and these were framed under glass; one frame was made for a large wall-map of Africa to be posted in the African Hall. 264 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Considerable progress has been made by Modeler Prasuhn on a miniature group of a Menangkabau village of Sumatra. Six granaries with elaborate carved and colored designs and a large community house were completed for this group. A head was modeled and cast for the figure of a Mongol woman, and four life-size casts were made for the huge New Guinea dance-masks to be shown in Stanley Field Hall. Modeler Prasuhn also took part in the electro-chemical treat- ment of bronzes. In the Repair Section of the Department 396 objects were repaired or restored as follows: 9 pieces of painted pottery and 38 pieces of plain pottery, bone, and stone from Kish; 197 pieces of Peruvian, 21 pieces of Calchaqui, and 155 pieces of Mexican pottery; 6 Chinese paintings, 33 Chinese bronzes and jades, 2 Tibetan statues, 8 objects of pewter, 3 Roman bronzes and 1 Egyptian alabaster vase ; of ethno- logical material 27 African, 16 South American, and 12 Madagascar objects; and 8 bones. Seven Egyptian bronze figures and one Calchaqui bronze axe were cured of malignant patina, and 24 Egyptian fabrics were treated. A Chinese bronze vessel affected by malignant patina was restored by means of the electro-chemical process. A total of 10,910 identification numbers were marked on specimens. Forty-five exhibition cases were poisoned during the year. Material stored in the Poison Room was taken care of in the usual manner, and is in excellent condition. Botany. — In 1927 new interest was added to the exhibit of native plants in Stanley Field Hall by the support of the Wild Flower Preservation Society. This organization, which had given its en- dorsement to the undertaking during previous seasons, this year contributed financial aid. The Society, through its treasurer, Miss C. B. Neely, took an active interest by way of encouragement and helpful suggestions with the result that the exhibit was main- tained by the Assistant Curator of Taxonomy even more success- fully than during 1924 and 1926, as described and illustrated in the Annual Reports for those years. Among the several thousand specimens exhibited, representing about 300 species of wild flow- ers found within a radius of 50 miles of the city limits, special mention may be made of such rarities (for the district) as the Pitcher Plant, the White, Yellow and Showy Lady's Slipper, the Grass Pink and Pogonia, three species of Fringed Orchids, Ladies' Tresses, the Cranberry plant in fruit, the curious Indian Pipe and the related red-colored Pine Drops — all worth knowing by their common Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 265 names at least. That the exhibit served as a means of interesting city children and their parents in our native plants was obvious from the attention it attracted and the inquiries it prompted. A widespread interest in our native plants is a prerequisite to the success of all efforts to secure their conservation. Many of the rarer species were replaced where collected, in most cases on private property. Special thanks in this connection is due to Mr. Ralph B. Bradford and Miss Mary Bremer, Gary, Indiana, owners of Dune Forest, Porter, Indiana, and to Mr. William A. Wirts and his associates, Mr. A. P. Melton and Mr. C. R. Kuss, proprietors of Dunes Acres, Inc., at Mineral Springs, Indiana. The latter property, especially, harbors certain species found nowhere else in the vicinity of Chicago, and the private club that owns it is to be congratulated on conserving the natural vege- tation. Some hundreds of labels printed during the year have been placed, and many new specimens have been added to the exhibits. The most important single new exhibit is a Tucum Palm from Dutch Guiana, secured by the Stanley Field Guiana Expedition of 1922. This well- preserved dried specimen has found a place in a special case in the center of Hall 25. It consists of essentially the entire top of the tree with its crown of spiny leaves among which may be seen an unopened flower spadix and a cluster of fruit projecting in characteristic fashion. The terminal part of the leaves has had to be cut away for economy of space, but what remains of them gives a good idea of their appearance. The striking feature of this palm is its armament of spines which covers every part of the plant except the fruits, and ap- pears particularly formidable on the trunk, of which a five-foot length is displayed. A large number of palm specimens obtained by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition of 1926 have been added during the year to the exhibits in this hall. Notable among them are fruit- clusters of a Brazilian Iriartea, of some Attaleas, Scheeleas, Pseudo- cocos, as well as many specimens of palms foreign to Brazil but grown in the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro and obtained through the courtesy of its Director, Dr. Pacheco Leao, by members of the Captain Marshall Field Expedition. Two well-preserved flowering and fruiting stems of a Nipa Palm, secured from the Georgetown Botanic Garden, are to be credited to the Stanley Field Guiana Expedition. These have been installed in a case together with a fine series of specimens of the Ivory-nut Palm brought together from various places. 266 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII Among other additions of palm exhibits installed during the year is a fine reproduction of a mature cluster of the fruit of the Betel Palm, the kernels of which furnish the well-known masticatory "betel nut." The original of this was grown in Paramaribo, Surinam, where the Javanese element introduced by the Dutch is responsible for the frequent planting of the palm. In the Hall of Plant Life a number of other installations have been made, and some reinstallations have been made possible by the addition of new material resulting for the most part from the repro- duction of various plants and the preparation of other specimens in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories, partly based on collections made by the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Ex- pedition of 1926, and partly on local material secured near Chicago. A preserved branch of the South American Araucaria imhricata obtained during the previous year has made possible a reinstallation of the Auracaria case and a better display of the essential character- istics of this group of plants. The nature of the material permits the use of actual dried specimens for exhibition. Unfortunately the number of plants that need little preparation for their display is very limited. Among the plants reproduced for the Hall of Plant Life, one of the most important during the year is a characteristic piece of Black Pepper vine in fruit. This was grown in the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro where it was obtained, though of East Indian origin. Molds of the fresh leaves, color studies and photographs made on the spot, together with a section of the vine preserved in formalin solution, served as material for the production of a replica of the living plant in the Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories. A young cinnamon plant, likewise secured in Rio de Janeiro, was reproduced and added to the case containing the laurel family. A re- production of a handsome flowering branch of the well-known San- chezia nobiliSy the "folha da independencia" native to Ecuador, one of the most striking of the Acanthaceae of tropical South America, was added in the space reserved for this family. A reproduction of Cassava or Mandioca plant, based on material also secured in South America, was not completed in time to be installed during the year. To the exhibit of Cucurbitaceae, the Cucumber or Gourd family, was added a piece of the vine of Trichosanthes anguina with its extra- ordinary snake-like orange and red fruits, this from a specimen grown in the Garfield Park Greenhouses. A branch of Sugar Maple repro- duced during the year served as the occasion for the addition of the Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XXXIII SAGO PALM FRUITS A fruit-cluster of an East Indian palm grown in the Botanic Garden of Uio de Janeiro Obtained by Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, 1926 One twenty-fourth natural size LIBRARY OF THE U^;^V[^HS!TY OF ILLINOIS Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 267 maple family to those already in the hall. A specimen of Venus Fly-Trap, Dionaea muscipulaj was secured in season and reproduced for the exhibits; likewise the Indian Pipe, Monotropa uniflora. To the generosity of Mr. Pray of the Department of Zoology are due several contributions during the year to the exhibit of fleshy fungi — viz., reproductions of an Ink Cap Mushroom, a Polypore and a Clitocybe, all common species in the Chicago region. The Depart- ment of Botany desires to record its indebtedness to Mr. Pray and its appreciation of his interest in fungi. One of the most notable single exhibits produced during the year is a group of epiphytic and parasitic plants which may be described as an aerial or treetop garden. It consists of a typical cluster of epiphytes from Demerara, a perching young strangler fig growing in the midst of a clump of large air plants or Bromeliads {Aechmea)^ to- gether with a flat-jointed cactus {Rhipsalis), an orchid (Dendrobium) and an aroid, the whole further complicated by the presence of a tropical mistle (Loranthus)^ while about the entire clump a colony of white ants or termites have built their arboreal nest. This was based on material and data secured by the Stanley Field Guiana Expe- dition and has been placed on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall. The output of plant reproductions for the botanical exhibits suffered somewhat early in the year by the employment for some time of almost the entire force of the Stanley Field Plant Repro- duction Laboratories on parts for a small scale model for the Carbo- niferous Forest group which has been undertaken for the north end of the Hall of Historical Geology. In connection with the plans for the ecological groups to be placed in the two ends of the Hall of Plant Life, the Acting Curator, accom- panied by Mr. Sella, visited the Snow Mountains in Wyoming for the purpose of locating a suitable and convenient collecting ground and to secure material for a group of alpine vegetation. This locality was suggested by Professor Nelson of the University of Wyoming. The trip was made late in the season, but a considerable number of alpine plants were still available and were collected. These furnish material for a beginning on this group, and the reproduction of these has occupied much of the glassblower's time during the latter part of the year. It is expected that further material and studies for this group may be obtained in the Rocky Mountains during the coming year. It is planned to represent the typical vegetation above the snow line with an alpine landscape for a background. With the assistance of Mr. Corwin a small scale model was prepared. 268 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII In the plant economics exhibits in Hall 25 a collection of heads of 37 commercial varieties of wheat grown in the United States, and corresponding samples of grain received in 1926 from the United States Bxireau of Plant Industry have been placed on exhibition in a table case together with explicit labels. Adjacent to the 37 modern commercial varieties of wheat are shown two samples of ancient wheat. One of these was found by the Field Museum-Oxford University Joint Expedition in Jemdet Nazr, Mesopotamia, in 1926. This specimen of ancient Mesopotamian wheat, estimated to be 5,500 years old, was found during excavations of Sumerian remains. The wheat was contained in a painted jar, much blackened, supposedly by the fire which destroyed the ancient city of Jemdet Nazr, which lies eighteen miles northeast of Kish and some 65 miles from the present city of Baghdad. The charred condition of the kernels and the arid climate has undoubtedly been responsible for the preservation of this wheat, the most ancient in existence. The other ancient wheat is Egyptian. Although slightly carbon- ized with age, it is much better preserved than the Mesopotamian. It is also of a different kind and has been identified as emmer ( Triticum sativum dicoccum Hackel) . This wheat is about 4,600 years old, as it was found in two graves of the "Middle Kingdom" which existed about 1900 B.C. It is a gift of the Deutsche Orient-Gesell- schaft. It is significant to note that both these ancient wheats are apparently identical with varieties grown today after the lapse of more than 4,000 years and a corresponding number of generations of wheat plants. Eleven trays illustrating the official grain standards of the United States, obtained from the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, have been placed in the same table case with the commercial varieties of wheat and barley, and constitute a valuable acquisition to the econo- mic exhibits of the museum, for Chicago is the largest wheat market in the world, and the exhibits are yearly inspected by thousands of visitors directly connected with the production of wheat and other grains. This exhibit, which has been prepared with great care, shows the standard employed in grading grain. Fifteen commercial varieties of barley heads and grain, received from the United States Bureau of Plant Industry, have been placed on exhibition in the same case with the wheat varieties and grain standards. These represent all the main types of cultivated barley grown in this country, and their distinguishing characteristics are Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 269 noted on the labels. There may be seen among them some ex- amples of successful results in plant breeding. The scale model of a modern flour mill in vertical section, donated last year by the Pillsbury Flour Mill Company, has been placed on exhibition and labeled to explain the course of the grain through the mill in process of manufacture. It has been installed along with properly labeled samples illustrating the steps in the process by which the wheat grain is broken up into flour, and properly labeled specimens of the various main types of flour. Most of the flour samples used were selected from the large assortment received last year from the Red Star Milling Company of Kansas. A figure of an enlarged wheat grain serves to indicate graphically the chemical composition, and the percentage of starch, gluten, oil, etc., found in wheat grain. The exhibit of corn which formerly occupied eight or nine cases has been reinstalled in two cases, one devoted to specimens of prehistoric and ancient corn, and corn of the North American Indians, and another showing the principal types of cultivated corn. In the former is corn which was used by the cliff dwellers, found in the ruins of the habitations of those early people in Arizona; corn of the mound builders, found in Ohio mounds; and mummy corn, from the ancient Peruvian graves at Ancon and Iquique, Peru. Alongside the ancient Inca corn is shown corresponding modem Peruvian corn, recently collected by the Captain Marshall Field Peruvian Expeditions, and the striking similarity is notable. In the same case is included some so-called pod, or reverted, corn which is sporadically encoun- tered in cultivated fields today. Seeds of Indian corn obtained from the North American Indians includes bright pink corn grown by the Arikara tribes; blue corn grown by the Zuni; and a type in which blue, yellow and red kernels appear, known as Fort Berthold squaw corn; as well as other Indian varieties. Many of these North American Indian corns were presented last year by O. H. Will and Company, Bismarck, North Dakota. There is a hybrid com grown at Wichert, Illinois, in which appear strains of various Indian corns, mixed with modern varieties. Indicative of the high esteem in which corn was held by the ancient peoples of Peru, there is in the collection a stone carving of an ear of corn, found among the remains of the Inca civilization at Cuzco, and a jar, 500 years old, shaped in the form of a Peruvian god of maize or of the harvest, with round grinning face and round body, from whose neck to waist are suspended ears of corn. This jar 270 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII was found in the ruins left by the Uncay peoples in the Santo Valley of Peru. These ancient representations of corn are placed adjacent to modern Peruvian corn and show apparently no difference in appear- ance. In the second case has been placed an exhibit of modern corn showing the six main types of corn cultivated today, namely: sweet corn, pop corn, starchy sweet corn, flint corn, dent corn and soft corn. Some ears of corn are shown in section, cut longitudinally and trans- versely to show the grains in section and in relation to the cob. Colored diagrams of kernel sections illustrate especially the charac- teristics of the different types. Most of the commercial corn shown is from the I. M. Thorburn Company, New York; Mr. I. M. Holder, La w- rens, Iowa: Mr. L. S. Mayer, State Experiment Station, Knoxville, Tennessee; Mr. W. H. Neal, Lebanon, Tennessee; Mr. Redfern, Yar- mouth, Iowa; the State Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and Mr. F. K. Crandall, State Agricultural Exper- iment Station, Kingston, Rhode Island. In a special case nearby there has been placed on exhibition a Peruvian bunch of corn, a typical small corn harvest from the Andes, collected by Mr. Macbride on the Captain Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition, 1922. One table case has been devoted to the display of a variety of products of the small grains, and kindred material such as strange types of bread from many parts of the world, beginning with an ancient Egyptian loaf found near the pyramids, various kinds of farinha and cassava cakes prepared by the natives of British Guiana and Paraguay, Klow Kow Niew and Cow Kliop cakes of Siam, piki bread of the Hopi Indians, a 28-pound loaf of Russian bread and and many other varieties. Among the objects added to the wheat products are sixteen varieties of macaroni, product of durum wheat, in as many different sizes and shapes, many greatly different from the familiar kind. All of these cases are additions to the economic series of food plants and their products. Adjoining the maize exhibit a case of sorghum and millet has been installed. Field Museum is thus able to show this interesting group of plants which are extensively grown in the Great Plains, especially in Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas. Sorghum syrup is one of the competitors of cane sugar in the United States, and is manu- factured chiefly in Tennessee. The plants of sorghum and millet used in the exhibit were grown at the Garfield Park Greenhouses from seed furnished by Field Museum. These plants serve to show the habit of growth, and they are shown surrounded by the fruiting heads Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 271 of the principal varieties of sorghum and millet, together with speci- mens of their seeds. The fruiting heads and seeds of the sorghums were supplied through the courtesy of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. Near the flour mill model is a case containing the stalks, grain and principal products of rye and barley. The use of rye for flour, whiskey and paper-making is described, and samples illustrative of such use are shown. Four bunches of barley stalks with matured grain of erect six-rowed barley, nodding six-rowed barley, two-rowed barley and beardless barley are exhibited; also tubes containing pearl barley, beer and barley flour. The stalks of barley and rye were donated by the Canadian Pacific Railway, while the manufactured products are gifts from the American Cereal Company and the Old Times Distil- ling Company. A general label states places in which rye and barley are grown, their antiquity, uses, and the countries of maximum pro- duction. Adjoining the rye and barley exhibit is a similar one of oats, rice and their products. Headed stalks of the white awnless Tartar King Oats, the awned Swedish Oats Select and the black-hulled Joanette Oats are shown. These were given to Field Museum by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Through the courtesy of the Amer- ican Cereal Company some products such as rolled oats, oat meal and oat flour are exhibited. The United States Department of Agriculture has assisted by giving excellent matured stalks of the short-kerneled awnless Blue Rose Rice, the long-kerneled awnless Honduras Rice and the small round-kerneled awned Wataribune Rice, all of them more or less extensively cultivated in the United States. Out of more than 1,000 known varieties of rice these serve to show to the public the general habit of rice. Tubes containing unpolished rice, polished rice and rice flour are placed adjacent to the stalks. A gene- ral label for rice and a general label for oats placed in the case give information as to the climatic conditions suitable for these grains, principal regions of production, and uses and value for nutrition. In the central portion of Hall 25, near its west entrance, has been placed a case containing an exhibit which serves chiefly to call atten- tion to the general nature of the exhibits in the hall. In it is found the bunch of Peruvian corn mentioned above, suspended as is cus- tomary in that country. It consists of a mixture of differently colored and shaped varieties, and affords an interesting comparison with the more complete showing of corn in nearby cases. On the floor of the case is a group of ears of fancy colored dent corn from Missouri. 272 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII In the reinstallation of economic botanical exhibits in Hall 25 the method of installation initiated last year has been continued, all bottles and jars having been removed, as well as all trays above the level of the eye. The products, particularly the most perishable ones, those subject to change from oxidation, deliquescence or insect in- jury, have been hermetically sealed in glass tubes of suitable dia- meters, which vary somewhat with the products. These tubes set vertically, each properly supported in its own label block, provide a high degree of visibility as well as protection for the contents. The individual label block-support fastened to the back of the case per- mits the arrangement of the material in any manner desired in a vertical case; for example, in the form of a flowsheet, which was not possible with the linear series of trays and bottles on shelves. In the case of closely related products from the same source, their arrange- ment with reference to each other or in relation to their production or manufacture, adds greatly to the intelligibility and interest of their display. Many thousand specimens have been transferred from cardboard boxes and tin cans to screw-cap glass jars and poisoned. In this way they have been protected from fungi, rodent and insect injury, and their visibility has been increased. Each specimen, which heretofore had been identified only by a number referring to a catalogue entry, has had a label and index card made out for it and has been system- atically stored. Specimens treated in the above manner include wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice, millet, sorghum, corn, corn products, starch, sugar, beet products, macaroni, cassava products, the thou- sands of specimens of 72 plant families in Hall 29, and the palm material in Hall 25. The study collection of woods, consisting of several thousand hand specimens from the United States and foreign countries, was formerly stored under the lockers of the exhibition cases. They have now been brought together in one room on the third floor and arranged in storage cases in such manner that they are readily accessible. The present arrangement adopted in the case of this wood collection is geographical, which has the virtue for the time being of keeping separated the various lots received from various foreign countries, useful pro\asionally as long as many determinations are still uncertain. The arrangement of each geographical unit is, however, into plant families. Mr. Samuel J. Record, Professor of Forest Products in Yale School of Forestry, who has joined the staff of the Museum as Re- Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 273 search Associate in Wood Technology, spent the month of August in supervising the organization of this reference collection, checking up and correcting the determination of the specimens. Their number was also considerably increased, partly by gift or exchange from the Yale School of Forestry, and partly by cutting pieces of suitable size from many large exhibition and storage specimens.. Plans were also made by Professor Record for many improve- ments in the exhibits in the wood halls, both of American and foreign woods. It is expected that with the cooperation of Professor Record, and his guidance, the wood collection will become of greatly in- creased importance and the exhibits more adequate and representa- tive. Some of the exhibition specimens in the Hall of North American Woods (Millspaugh Hall) have been condemned as not representative of the best quality of lumber in present use, and these it has been decided to replace. Various associations, such as the American Wal- nut Growers' Association, and firms specializing in certain woods, have signified their willingness to cooperate in securing typical display material. The Department's activities in the herbarium were directed to the requirements of botanical investigation. In a rapidly growing her- barium (such as that of Field Museum, which now has over 570,000 mounted sheets, ranking it in size among the most important herbaria of the world) there is a vast amount of routine clerical work connected with the preparation, organization, cataloguing and filing of collections, so that, this year as in previous years, the small staff has been occupied in keeping up with the work incident to the growth of the collections. The plant mounter attained the very satisfactory total of over 10,000 in number of specimens mounted. In addition he strapped many thousands of sheets needing this greater protection, and attended to the fumigation and storage of collections awaiting disposition. The Custodian of the Herbarium completely worked over the Moffat collection of higher fungi, totaling 1,128 examples, freshly labeling, boxing and filing them so that this important gift (recorded in the 1926 Report) is now available for reference. He also in- serted in the herbarium over 12,000 specimens, which involved the writing of several thousand folder-covers for the large number of genera and species not before represented in the collections. His cataloguing recorded over 8,000 new sheets, and in addition he wrote about 4,000 labels for duplicate specimens to be used in exchange. Most of these were for the Gaumer collections from Yucatan. Their 274 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII labeling is now nearly completed, as many thousands were also writ- ten by the Librarian of the Department. The most important un- finished work in hand in the herbarium has for some years past been the Peruvian collections secured by Messrs. Macbride and Feather- stone in 1922 and by Mr. Macbride in 1923 on the two Captain Marshall Field Expeditions to the Peruvian Andes, supplemented since by additions made each year by Dr. Weberbauer. During the present year these have had to be held in abeyance in favor of the important Yucatan collections of Messrs. Millspaugh and Gaumer, which had remained untouched for over a dozen years. These have now been almost completely organized and made up in sets for dis- tribution. The study of the Yucatan material, begun by Dr. Mills- paugh in 1895 and resulting in publications by him in that year, and others in 1903 and 1904, was, at the request of the Museum, con- tinued by Dr. Paul C. Standley of the United States National Museum. In this connection Dr. Standley spent the month of September at the Museum checking over the entire Millspaugh- Gaumer collections of several thousand sheets, and making neces- sary changes in determinations in conjunction with the preparation of a list of the plants of Yucatan which is expeected to be ready for publication in 1928. During his stay in the Museum Dr. Standley also found time to name thousands of specimens from various parts of the world that heretofore had been stored awaiting determinations before they could be filed in the herbarium. Altogether he handled some 8,000 sheets, naming or renaming most of them. The Depart- ment records its appreciation of Dr. Standley's work, which thus added a large number of sheets to the collection available for reference. The only specimens sent out in exchange from the herbarium during the year were 42 co-types of Peruvian plants in return for similar material from the Museum at Berlin-Dahlem, and 103 dupli- cates to the Gray Herbarium in exchange for determinations. From the loan records kept in the Department, it appears that the more important loans include the following: Fifty sheets of Bidens to the University of Iowa; 220 South Amer- ican plants, including 48 specimens of Heliotropiumj to Dr. I. M. Johnston of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; 78 Labiatae to Dr. Carl Epling, University of California, Southern Branch; 376 South American Compositae to Dr. S. F. Blake, United States National Museum ; and numerous smaller loans. Most of these loans represent further progress on the part of specialists in their study of the Peruvian collections. UERAHY OF THE > 1—1 X X o b o CO C4 12: 0) m 3 2 "a 1^ 1^ O O i-i w IS X H O O W o 1/1 o n H ID H O fa o o Wh O H o I/) w w H O H Q Z 01 a 460 4 • • • 94 • • 367 289 • • 36 213 213 • • • 82 697 12 • • • 3,535 8,044 326 90 Roentgenology.— During the year the Division of Roentgen- ology X-rayed many unusual specimens for the various Depart- ments of the Museum, which resulted in interesting developments. In this work, 463 films and 1,150 prints were made. A series of prints of Egyptian and Peruvian mummies have been sent to Dr. Roy L. Moodie, who is studying them from a paleopatho- logical standpoint, and plans to prepare a publication on the subject for the Museum series. In response to a request from the Nebraska Medical Association, prints of anthropological and zoological specimens were sent for ex- hibition at the Nebraska State Fair. Programs were arranged for the members of the North American Radiological Technicians' Associ- ation, at their annual meeting held at the Museum, and for the Chicago Dental Society's Annual Convention held at the Drake Hotel, at which times demonstrations were given of the work done in the Division of Roentgenology. Photogravure. — The following statement shows the number of photogravures made by this Division during the year for illustrations LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS > X X X s as iS o . o c o o 2< PL, oi o ►J w o 1—4 § o E^ o a, :3 o w ^ W 2 ra O e« p "2 -^ - n ' C3 S 2 _ ^ W E 0) "k eg Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 291 for the publications and portfolios printed by the Museum and for picture postal cards: Number of prints Publication illustrations 104,000 Leaflet illustrations 114,000 Design Series illustrations 48,000 Akeley Memorial Portfolio 240,000 Carl E. Akeley portrait 5,000 Postal cards of Field Museum building 38,300 Special 290 Total 549,590 Artist. — The following record of work accomplished during the year by this Division will show a very large increase over that of the year 1926: Drawings made 253 Lantern slides colored 970 Photographs retouched 76 Photographs colored 31 Negatives blocked 81 Maps drawn 13 Steel dies engraved 3 Cuts and letters tooled 12 Letters repaired 14 Lettering for Akeley Memorial Portfolio 1 Miscellaneous items made 25 Total 1,479 DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS Following is a classified list of the total number of members of the Museum, of whom 1,278 were added during the year 1927. The names of the members will be found elsewhere in this report. Benefactors 14 Honorary Members 21 Patrons 27 Corporate Members 49 Life Members 315 Non-resident Life Members 6 Associate Members 1,564 Non-resident Associate Members 1 Sustaining Members 383 Annual Members 2,308 Total 4,688 CAFETERIA During the year 84,352 visitors to the Museum were served re- freshments in the cafeteria located on the ground floor, which is not 292 Field Museum op Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII operated by the Museum, but is under the management of a con- cessionaire. Herewith are also submitted financial statements, lists of access- ions, names of members, etc. D. C. Davies, Director. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 293 ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FROM JANUARY 1, 1927 TO DECEMBER 31, 1927 Total Attendance 1,043,546 Paid Attendance 144,443 Free Admissions on Pay Days: Students 11,471 School Children 53,021 Teachers 3,000 Members 1,324 Special (including attendance account National Safety Council Exercises at Soldier Field, October 5, 1927) 30,714 Admissions on Free Days: Thursdays (52) 121,573 Saturdays (53) 227,862 Sundays (52) 450,138 Highest Attendance on any day (October 5, 1927) 31,085 Lowest Attendance on any day (December 19, 1927) 173 Highest Paid Attendance (September 5, 1927) 7,971 Average Daily Admissions (365 days) 2,859 Average Paid Admissions (208 days) 694 Number of Guides sold 7,481 Number of Articles checked 20,887 Number of Picture Postal Cards sold 105,281 Sales of Publications, Leaflets, Handbooks and Photographs $3,467.91 294 Field Museum op Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII GENERAL FUND STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 1927 Overdraft, December 31, 1926 $ 586.86 Receipts Income — Endowment, General, Miscellaneous and Door Receipts $ 311,318.48 South Park Commissioners 192,582.08 Sundry Receipts 28,310.90 Memberships 66,655.00 Contributions 341,647.92 Securities Sold and Matured 516,970.99 Bank Loans 212,600.00 1,670,085.37 $1,669,498.51 Disbursements Operating Expenses $ 515,401.98 Expeditions 111,095.62 Collections Purchased 46,586.03 Furniture and Fixtures 50,074.79 Securities Purchased 643,105.40 Annuities on Contingent Gifts 39,665.00 Additions to Building and Equipment 151,935.86 Bank Loans Repaid 69,348.00 $1,627,212.68 Transferred to Sinking Fund 10,000.00 1,637,212.68 Balance, December 31, 1927 $ 32,285.83 Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 295 THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES FOR THE YEAR 1927 Interest and Dividends on Investments $ 21,604.28 Operating Expenses 22,730.05 Excess of Expenses over Income $ 1,125.77 STANLEY FIELD PLANT REPRODUCTION FUND STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES FOR THE YEAR 1927 Balance, December 31, 1926 $ 533.65 Contributions by Stanley Field during 1927 16,654.32 $ 17,187.97 Operating Expenses— 1927 17,001.80 Balance, December 31, 1927 $ 186.14 296 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII ACCESSIONS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY ABBOTT, J. M., Webb, Arizona. 1 small stone mortar — Webb, Co- chise County, southern Arizona (gift). ADAMS, EVERED N., Cornish.Colo- rado. 37 prehistoric flint implements, chiefly arrowheads — Weld County, Colorado (gift). AYER, EDWARD E., Chicago. 3 pewter tea-pots inlaid with designs in brass and copper — China (gift). 7 pewter objects: figure candlesticks, 2 censers in shapes of phoenixes, 1 tea-pot of coconut shell mounted on pewter, 1 tazza en- graved with floral designs, 1 bowl lined with crackled porcelain, and 1 cylindrical vessel in three compartments with brass in- lays — South China (gift). 7 pewter objects: 1 altar set of 5 pieces, 1 pilgrim's bottle with copper inlays, 1 round box with scene in brass inlays, 1 octagonal box with Eight Immortals in brass, 2 octagonal water ewers, 1 cash box with figures in brass — China (gift). 4 pewter objects: 1 pair of candle- sticks in shape of elephants, 2 candlesticks in shape of figures, 1 square chafing dish — China (gift). 1 child's beaded buckskin coat with 1 pair of moccasins and belt — Plains Indians, United States (gift). AYER, MRS. EDWARD EVERETT, Chicago. 2 objects of pewter: 1 statuette of Buddhist saint (Arhat), Ming period, and 1 figure of cat, 18th century — China and Japan — (gift). 13 pieces of decorated pottery — Pueblos, Toltecs, and Nazca, Southwest United States, Mexi- co, and Peru (gift). BAHR, A. W., New York City. 1 carved slab from funerary chamber of Han period (second century A.D.) — Shantung, China (gift). BENJAMIN, JESSE E., Clinton, Iowa. 15 ethnological objects: 2 bows, 12 arrows, and 1 alcalde staff — Mexico City, Mexico (gift). CALHOUN, MRS. WILLIAM J., Pe- king, China. Set of blackwood figures of the Eight Immortals inlaid with silver wire —China (gift). CATON-THOMPSON, MISS GER- TRUDE, British School of Ar- chaeology, Egypt. About 100 prehistoric flint imple- ments — Fayum Desert, Egypt. DRUMMOND, DR. I. W., New York City. 5 carved amber beads — Lake Guat- avita, Colombia, South America (gift). EGGERS, HERMAN, Hamburg, Ger- many. 8 archaeological objects: 1 pottery beaker, 1 limestone image, 1 llama-skin robe, 1 silver bell, 1 silver vessel, 1 bone spoon, 1 string of turquois beads, 1 copper hatchet — Inca, Chiu-chiu, Chile (gift). ERICKSON, DAVID A., Chicago. 1 almost complete human skeleton found in excavations on Chestnut Street — Scandinavian, Chicago. FERNBACH, ROBERT, Chicago. 1 copper battle-axe — Yaqui, Mexico (gift). FIELD, HENRY, Chicago. 2 casts: 1 of new reconstruction of Eoanthropus dawsoni and endo- cranial cast of the same by Pro- fessor G. Elliot Smith— England (gift). 3 casts: 1 of Neanderthal cranium from Podbada, 1 endo-cranial Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 297 cast of same, and cast of Neand- erthal frontal bone fragment from Krapina — Podbada near Prague, and Krapina, Yugosla- via (gift). 200 prehistoric flint implements — North Arabian Desert between Jerusalem and Baghdad (gift). field museum of natural history Collected by Ralph Linton, leader of Captain Marshall Field Expe- dition to Madagascar: 280 specimens: gold and silver jewel- ry — Sakalava, Madagascar. 980 ethnological objects: textiles, baskets, mats, pillows, imple- ments, weapons, etc. — Madagas- car. Collected by Commander D. B. MacMillan, leader of Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion: 42 objects: clothing, dolls, bird-skin mats, knife, beads, models of boats, and steatite figures of ani- mals — Eskimo, Greenland. Collected by H. W. Nichols (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expe- dition) : 23 archaeological objects: pottery sherds, textile fragments, cord- age, part of basket, arrow shafts, wooden llama bit and handle, chipped flints, maize cobs — from Inca burial place and kit- chen mid'dens, Chiu-chiu, Chile. Collected by John Borden, leader of Borden-Field Museum Alaska- Arctic Expedition: 533 ethnological and archaeological objects: clothing, weapons, pot- tery, stone vessels, implements of ivory, bone, jade and flint, copper and iron, etc. — Eskimo, Alaska and Antarctic Regions of Canada. Collected by J. Eric Thompson, leader of Captain Marshall Field Expedition to British Honduras: 20 ethnological and archaeological objects: 1 loom, 1 spindle, 2 blouses, 2 haversacks, — Kekchi; 6 clay heads of figurine whistles, 1 figurine whistle with seated figure, 3 axe-heads, 1 jade pen- dant in shape of human head — Maya of Old Empire; 2 gourd carriers, — Maya; 1 hollow clay head, — San Pedro, Sula, Hondu- ras — Maya and Kekchi, British Honduras, Republic of Hondu- ras, and Guatemala. Collected by C. C. Sanborn (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expe- dition): 1 prehistoric stone implement — Passo Ibanez, Santa Cruz, Pata- gonia. Purchases: 1 prehistoric skeleton of Magda- lenian epoch — Le Cap Blanc, Laussel, France, from M. Gri- maud. 100 prehistoric flint implements — Northern France, from A. Com- mont, collector. 1 ancient mariner's compass — China, from Mrs. Ralph M. Easley. 25 objects: 22 ancient skulls, detach- ed bones, sherds of pottery from burial caves — Guindulman Bay, Bohol, Philippines, from Emerson B. Christie, collector. 400 ethnological objects: spears, clubs, boomerangs, spear-throw- ers, tomahawks, shields, bowls, fire-sticks, message sticks, in- cised shell work, hair belts, spindles, ceremonial slabs and boards — West Australia, from J. F. Connelly. 155 ethnological objects: clothing, ornaments, charms, implements, birchbark vessels, bags and pouches — Montagnais, Labra- dor, from Dr. Frank G. Speck, collector. 16 ethnological objects: spoons, pouches, leggings, spinning top, pipe cleaners, etc. — Montagnais- Naskapi, Labrador, from Dr. Frank G. Speck, collector. 20 archaeological objects: 1 sculp- tured stone head, 2 painted pot- tery vessels, 1 jade amulet, 1 jade ear-plug, 5 jade beads, 2 halves of jade pebble, 1 obsidian nuc- cleus, 1 chloromelanite celt, 1 clay Toltec head, 1 clay paint pot, 1 clay pot, etc. — Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, from from S. G. Morley, collector. FIELD MUSEUM - OXFORD UNI- VERSITY JOINT EXPEDITION (Captain Marshall Field Fund). About 18 objects: gold finger ring. 298 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII gold pin, gold beads, 2 marble statuettes, 5 clay figures, 3 strings of beads, 3 bronze rings, pieces of coral and various beads, fragments of painted pottery — Kish, Mesopotamia. 1 inscribed tablet concerning a sale of land at Kish, dated in the sixth year of Sinmuballit, fifth king of the first Babylonian dy- nasty (2087-67 B.C.)— Kish, Mesopotamia. 1,117 objects: pottery, bone, shell, beads, necklaces, and bronze implements — Kish, Mesopo- tamia. GOODSPEED, MRS. CHARLES B., Chicago. Complete dress of Mongol woman with gold-plated silver jewelry inlaid with turquoise and coral — Mongols, Urga, Mongolia (gift). GOTEBURG MUSEUM, Sweden (Baron Nordenskiold, collector). 105 ethnological objects: bows, ar- rows, war-clubs, bark fabrics, spindles, necklaces, ornaments, bags, baskets, musical instru- ments, feather head-dress — Brazil and Bolivia, South Ameri- ca (exchange). GROW AND CUTTLE, Chicago. 10 archaeological objects: 1 celadon plate, 1 celadon cylindrical jar, 1 figure carved from root, 7 mor- tuary clay figures — China (gift). 2 objects: 1 vase carved from tree- root and 1 wooden Ju-i sceptre carved in open work and relief — China (gift). HARRIS, A. B. B., Chicago. 1 prehistoric grooved hammer — southern Illinois (gift). HUGHES, MISS C. AMELIA, Chica- go. 1 basket — Apache, New Mexico or Arizona (gift). HUGHES, THOMAS S., Chicago. 23 archaeological objects: 3 strands of glazed beads, 1 Ushebti figure, 1 alabaster jar, 7 scarabs, — Egypt; 2 Tanagra heads, 6 pieces of decorated pottery — Greece; 3 tear bottles, 4 fragments of color- ed glass, and 1 lamp with figure- scene in relief, Roman — Egypt, Greece, and Italy (gift). ITO, T., Chicago. 1 ancient inkstone with designs in gold lacquer — Japan (gift). McGOVERN, WILLIAM M., Chicago. 100 ethnological objects: domestic utensils, baskets, weapons, pad- dles, and musical instruments — Brazil and Colombia, South America (gift). MEAD, MRS. ALMA, Chicago. 1 birchbark basket with flowers in porcupine quill work — Northern Plains Tribes, United States (gift). MILLER, JAMES EDGAR, Chicago. 1 robe with designs painted in black — Moro, PhiHppine Islands (gift). O'HARA, MISS M., Highland Park, Illinois. 1 old woolen blanket with stripes in blue, pink, and brown, formerly in possession of Spotted Tail, chief of Rosebud Sioux — Navaho, Arizona (gift). PATTEN, HENRY J., Chicago. 12 inscribed clay tablets of the Ur and Larsa dynasties — Mesopo- tamia (gift). PECK, MRS. WALTER L., Chicago. 1 grass-woven bag with drawing string — Aleutian Islands, Alaska (gift). WILLARD-JONES, FATHER, Keno- sha, Wisconsin. 1 woman's dress of elk-skin deco- rated at top and bottom with colored beads and fringe — Sioux, Flandeau, South Dakota (gift). WITTE, MRS. LOUIS, Wever, Iowa. 1 prehistoric grooved stone axe — Green Bay Township, Lee County, Iowa (gift). wood, professor F. E., Chicago. 2 fragmentary prehistoric pottery vessels — Mutsu Province, Hondo, Japan (gift). i Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XXXVII HARD WOOD PORTRAIT STATUE OF A YOUNG WOMAN Bara Tribe, Madagascar Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar One-third actual size Or THE V CF ILLINOIS Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 299 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AMERICAN WALNUT MANUFAC- TURERS ASSOCIATION, Chi- cago. 4 wood specimens (gift). BENKE, H. C, Chicago. 238 herbarium specimens (gift). 106 duplicate specimens (gift). BLAKE, Dr. S. F., Washington, D. C. 2 herbarium specimens (gift). BLETSCH, W. E., Highland Park, Illi- nois. 18 wood specimens (gift). BOISE-PAYETTE LUMBER COM- PANY, Boise, Idaho. 4 wood specimens (gift). BOTANISCHE GARTEN UND MU- SEUM, Berlin-Dahlem, Ger- many. 20 herbarium specimens (exchange). CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, Montreal, Canada, E. R, Bruce, Director of Exhibits. 1 economic specimen, stalks of rye (gift). CHAMBERLAIN, PROFESSOR C. J., University of Chicago. 12 herbarium specimens (gift). CLARKSON, MRS. RALPH, Chicago- 1 herbarium specimen (gift). DAHLGREN, DR. B. E., Chicago. 10 economic specimens, seeds of palms (gift). DICKINSON, ALBERT, COMPANY, seed merchants, Chicago. 1 economic specimen, alfalfa seeds (gift). DUNGAN, PROFESSOR G. H., Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana, Illi- nois. 2 economic specimens, 6 ears of Krug and Reid Yellow Dent Corn (gift). DURHAM, 0. C, Indianapolis, Indi- ana. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). EPLING, DR. CARL, University of California, Southern Branch, Los Angeles. 42 herbarium specimens, photos of plants (gift). FIELD, MRS. STANLEY, Chicago. 2 herbarium specimens (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Miss Francis Ames (Bor- den-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition, 1927): 106 herbarium specimens. Collected by Ralph Linton (Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar, 1927): 1 economic specimen, palm, leaf and section, spadix and section, raffia. Collected by J. F. Macbride (Field Mu- seum Expedition in Illinois and Indiana, 1927): 200 herbarium specimens. Collected by H. W. Nichols and H. Eggers (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition, 1926): 14 herbarium specimens. Collected by Elmer S. Riggs (Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition, 1927, Argentina): 29 herbarium specimens. Collected by C. S. Sew&ll and A. C. Weed (Rawson-MacMillan Sub- arctic Expedition, 1926): 265 herbarium specimens. 181 duphcate specimens. Collected by C. S. Sewall (Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion, 1927): 236 herbarium specimens. Collected by A. Weberbauer (Captain Marshall Field Expedition to the Peruvian Andes, 1927): 152 herbarium specimens. 488 duplicate specimens. Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories: 13 models and reproductions of plants. Purchases: 5,283 herbarium specimens. 300 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII GARFIELD PARK CONSERVA- TORY, Chicago. 1 economic specimen, Cycad cone (gift). 15 herbarium specimens (gift). glendora chamber of com- merce, Glendora, California. 1 wood specimen (gift). GRAY" HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass. 118 herbarium specimens (exchange). 10 duplicate specimens (exchange). GREAT WESTERN SUGAR COM- PANY, Fort Collins, Colorado. 1 economic specimen, 16 samples of beet sugar factory products (gift). GRONEMANN, C. F., Elgin, Illinois. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). 1 duplicate specimen (gift). HALL, PROFESSOR H. M., Uni- versity of California, Berkeley, California. 6 herbarium specimens, photos of Oenotheras (gift). HELLMAYR, DR. C. E., Chicago. 1 herbarium specimen (gift). HENDRICKSON, W. S., Chicago. 1 economic specimen, hickory nuts (gift). IMPERIAL FORESTRY INSTI- TUTE, Oxford, England. 94 herbarium specimens (exchange). JENSEN, MRS. JENS, Ravinia, Illi- nois. 1 wood specimen (gift). JOHNSTON, DR. I. M., Cambridge, Massachusetts. 8 herbarium specimens, photos of Boraginaceous plants (gift). LANGDON, PROFESSOR S., Oxford, England. 1 economic specimen, wheat kernels excavated at Jemdet Nazr (gift). McGILL, W. J., Whiting, Indiana. 1 economic specimen, leguminous vine (gift). MAHOGANY ASSOCIATION, New York City. 1 wood specimen, 12 panels of maho- gany (gift). MEYERS, M. T., Ohio State Univer- sity, Columbus, Ohio. 2 economic specimens, Leaming and Clarage corn (gift). PERCIVAL, SIR JOHN, Berks, Eng- land. 5 economic specimens, samples of Rivet wheat (gift). PHILIPPS, O. F., Chairman Board of Review, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Chicago. 9 economic specimens, various wheat grains (gift). PRAY, L. L., Chicago. 2 reproductions of mushrooms (gift). RAKUDA WOOD PRODUCTS COM" PANY, Pittsburgh. 2 wood specimens (gift). RECORD, PROFESSOR S. J., Yale University, New Haven, Con- necticut. 1 economic specimen, seeds of Pal- metto (gift). 650 herbarium specimens (gift). 150 wood specimens (gift). ROGERS, J. M., Gainesville, Florida. 1 economic specimen, 6 ears of Yel- low Cuban Flint corn (gift). ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, Kew, England. 334 herbarium specimens (exchange) . SHERFF, DR. E. E., Chicago. 3,039 herbarium specimens (gift). STATION AGRICOLE ET ECOLE d'AGRICULTURE DE L'lVO- LOIN A, Tamatave, Madagascar. 3 economic specimens, palm seeds (exchange). UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Washing- ton, D. C. 20 economic specimens, various bar- ley heads and seed rice (gift). Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 301 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, SMITHSONIAN IN- STITUTION, Washington, D. C. 3,019 herbarium specimens (ex- change). LTSTIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Department of Botany, Berke- ley, California. 125 herbarium specimens (exchange) . VAN KEPPEL, JOHN, Harvey, Dli- nois, 1 economic specimen, flax (gift). VICTORIN, FRERE MARIE, Uni- versity of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. 262 herbarium specimens (exchange) WHEELER, H. E., University, Ala- bama. 17 herbarium specimens (gift). DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY ABBOTT, J. M., Webb, Arizona. 1 specimen fossil wood — Adamana, Arizona (gift). 1 specimen organic pebble — near Los Angeles, California (gift). 1 specimen fossil coral — Whiteside County, Illinois (gift). ADAMSON, GEORGE H., Chicago. 1 specimen metallic beryllium (gift). 6 specimens fossil coral — Slocom Lake, Illinois (gift). ARNOLD, FRANCIS M., Chicago. 1 specimen rainbow quartz — Brazil (gift). 1 specimen phantom quartz — Brazil (gift). 1 specimen mossy quartz — Brazil (gift). ASSOCIATION OF MINE OWNERS, Tokyo, Japan, through courtesy of Imperial Japanese Com- mission to Philadelphia Ses- quicentennial Exposition. 26 specimens gold, silver, copper and iron ores — Japan (gift). BOEDEKER, WILLIAM, Chicago. 10 specimens salt and borax — Hano- ver, Germany (gift). CHALMERS, WILLIAM J., Chicago. 5 specimens beryl — Brown's Creek, Buena Vista, Colorado (gift). 1 specimen hatchettolite Hybla, Ontario, Canada (gift). 26 specimens crystallized minerals — various localities (gift). 24 specimens crystallized minerals — Italy (gift). 7 specimens crystallized minerals — Maine and Nevada (gift). CITY OF CHICAGO.Bureau of Streets 4 specimens asphalt and sand — var- ious localities (exchange). COAN, H. W., Chicago. 1 specimen clay concretion — Bell- wood, Illinois (gift). CONNELLY, MISS FRANCES, Perth West Australia. 1 specimen fossil Pelecypod — Cent- tral Queensland, Australia (gift). CONNELLY, JOHN F., Perth, West Australia. 1 specimen (15 grams) of the Tieraco meteorite — West Australia (gift) 2 photographs of the Tieraco mete- orite — (gift). COOMARASWAMY, A. K., Boston. 19 prints illustrating gem mining in Ceylon, India — (gift). CORDY LAND COMPANY, Mellen, Wisconsin. 2 specimens black gabbro — Mellen, Wisconsin — (gift) . DIAS, COLONEL HONORIO, Pocos de Caldas, Brazil. 3 photographs illustrating zirkite deposits — Cascata, Sao Paolo, Brazil — (gift). DOUGLASS, ELLEN H., New York City. Coral set, consisting of bracelets, breast pin and earrings — Italy (gift). 302 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII DRUMMOND, I. W., New York City. 4 specimens amber in coal — Navajo Mine, Gallup, New Mexico (gift). EGGERS, HERMAN, Hamburg, Ger- many. 13 prints of scenes in the Atacama Desert, Chile— (gift). FAIRBROTHER, R. L., Quincy, Illi- nois. 1 specimen folded hematite, Lake Superior — (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by O. C. Farrington: 60 specimens minerals — Maine. Collected by Barney Goodspeed, (Al- exander Revell-Field Museum Expedition) : 1 specimen rolled pebble of volcanic rock — Unga Island, Alaska. Collected by Ralph Linton (Captain Marshall Field Expedition to Madagascar): 1 specimen aquamarine — Bed of River Mitsikivy, Province of Va- kin-ankaratra, Madagascar. 1 specimen aquamarine and 1 speci- men beryl — Province of Imerina, Madagascar. 42 specimens garnets — Madagascar. Collected by J. H. C. Martens (Raw- son-MacMillan Subarctic Expe- dition, 1926): 580 specimens minerals and rocks — various localities. Collected by H. W. Nichols (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expe- dition, 1926-27): 55 specimens ores, minerals and fos- sils — Tofo and Potrerillos, Chile. 124 specimens ores, minerals and fossils — North Chile. 85 specimens ores and minerals — Bolivia. 44 specimens minerals and fossils — Bolivia. Collected by H. W. Nichols: 2 specimens telluride gold ore — Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 1 specimen peat — Antioch, Illinois. Collected by Third Asiatic Expedition of American Museum of Natural History with Field Museum co- operating: 38 specimens fossil Glires — Mongolia. 28 specimens fossil Artiodactyls — Mongolia. 16 specimens fossil Perissodactyls — Mongolia. 2 specimens fossil Insectivores — MongoHa. 3 specimens fossil Notoungulata — Mongolia. 4 specimens fossil Carnivora — Mon- golia. 3 specimens fossil Proboscidea — Mongolia. Purchases: 3 specimens stalagmites — Italy. Skull, jaws and partial skeleton of Mastodon — Mount Ayr, Indiana. 1 specimen ammonite — Kansas. FRANK, MRS. SAM, Waterloo, Iowa. 1 specimen fossil cephalopod — Wat- erloo, Iowa (gift). GERHARDT, PAUL, Staley, North Carolina. 1 specimen talc — Staley, North Ca- olina (gift). GLYNN, PAUL, Chicago. 2 specimens glacial boulders — Mon- terey, Pulaski County, Indiana (gift). HEMSLEY, ETHAN, Chicago. 1 specimen fossil coral — Dubuque, Iowa (gift). HILL, MARCUS STOW, Chicago. 1 specimen sphagnum — Esthonia (gift). JONES, ROY B., Wichita Falls, Texas. 1 specimen oil sand weighing 450 pounds — Electra, Wichita County, Texas (gift). KELLY, P. A., Chicago. 3 specimens minerals- (gift). LEININGER, DICK, Chicago. 1 specimen silicified wood — Ferry, Montana (gift). LIEBERZ, HERMAN, Brookfield, 111- nois. 2 specimens fossil coral — Brookfield, Illinois (gift). -Colorado go. d — Ferry, Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 303 2 specimens fossil coral — Brookfield, Illinois (exchange). LICEO DE COSTA RICA, San Jose, Costa Rica. 13 specimens minerals and rocks — Costa Rica (gift). MARYOTT, FRED, Carrizozo, New Mexico. 3 specimens bentonite — Espanola, New Mexico (gift). MOORE, E. T., St. Charles, Illinois. 2 specimens manganese ore — Chil- ton, Carter County, Missouri (gift). MUIR, JOHN R., Chicago. 1 specimen fossil trilobite (Calymene niagarensis) — Illinois (gift). NEVEL, W. D., Andover, Maine. 15 photographs of scenes in South America — (gift). O'BRIEN, GEORGE F., East Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 1 specimen crystallized galena — Madison County, Missouri (gift). O'HARA, M. A., Winnetka, Illinois. 1 specimen Astylospongia praemorsa (gift). OLAS, MONTE, Chicago. 2 specimens enargite — Swift Creek, British Columbia (gift). PAVEY, BILL, Winnetka, Illinois. 1 specimen sand concretion — near Frankfort, Michigan (gift). PITTS, W. B., Sunnyvale, California. 2 specimens chrysoprase — near Por- terville, California (gift). 3 specimens polished kinradite — Santa Clara County, California (gift). 3 specimens polished jasper — Sal- mon City, Idaho (gift). 5 specimens minerals — various local- ities (gift). 5 specimens rocks and fossils — var- ious localities (gift). SCHMIDT, KARL P., Chicago. 1 specimen Ensis schmidti — Suffolk, Virginia (gift). SCHNEIDER, MRS. I. S., Chicago. 8 specimens minerals — various local- ities (gift). 1 specimen fossil fern — (gift). SCHOENFELDT, FRANK, Oak Park, Illinois. 1 specimen concentrically stained sandstone — Elkhom, Wisconsin (gift). SCOTT, G. S., Timmins, Ontario, Can- ada. 6 specimens minerals — various local- ities (gift). SHARPE, MISS MINNIE, Chicago. 1 specimen stalactite — Wind Cave, South Dakota (gift). SIMMS, S. C, Chicago. Amber pendant enclosing fossil spi- der — (gift). SMERZ, FRANK AND THOMAS, Braden, Illinois. 1 specimen fossil coral — Braden, Ill- inois (gift). 8 specimens fossil ferns — Braden, Illinois (gift). STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Indi- iana), Chicago. 4 specimens wax — (gift). 20 specimens oils — (gift). 51 specimens decorative candles — (gift). TIMBERLAKE, DAVID, Chicago. 1 specimen fossil fern — (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Washington, D. C. 3 photographs of a mounted skeleton of Brontotherium hatcheri (gift). 261 specimens fossil plants — vari- ous localities (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, Tucson, Arizona. 10 specimens raw and treated zono- lite-Libby, Montana (exchange). WENDLER, C, Geneva, Switzerland. Powder and section of the Cincinnati meteorite-Cincinnati, Ohio (ex- change). 2 fragments with crust of the Garraf meteorite — Garraf, Barcelona, Spain (exchange). 304 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ADAM, OSCAR, Porto Aguirre, Mis- iones, Argentina. 1 lizard, 19 snakes — Iguazu Falls, Misiones, Argentina (gift). AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATU- RAL HISTORY, New York City. 1 cast of African frog, 1 cast of New Zealand tuatera (exchange). 1 bird — Manaos, Brazil (exchange). 1 bird — Palamba, Peru (exchange). APPLEBAUM, A. A., Chicago. 1 spider — Honduras? (gift). 1 Hzard (gift). ASTOR, LORD, London, England. 2 red deer, 1 mounted "cromie" head — Island of Jura, Scotland (gift). ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC TEA COMPANY, Chicago. 1 boa constrictor (gift). BARBOUR, DR. THOMAS, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts. 13 frogs, 20 Uzards— Soledad, Cien- fuegos, Cuba (gift). 4 chameleons — Tanganyika Terri- tory, Africa (gift). 3 frogs, 1 snake, 81 lizards — Annam, Indo-China (gift). BEBB, HERBERT, Chicago. 1 beetle — Michigan (gift). BERG, MISS L., Evanston, Illinois. 1 cricket, 2 beetles, 1 lizard — Ben- kulen, Sumatra (gift). BISHOP, S. C, Albany, New York. 1 fish, 1 snake, 11 lizards — Tela, Honduras (gift). BLANCHARD, DR. F. N., Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2 snakes — Michigan and California (gift). BOGEN, DON A., Kansas City, Mis- souri. 1 Yorkshire canary (gift.) BOOTH, O. E., Des Moines, Iowa. 2 butterflies — Des Moines, Iowa (exchange). BORDEN, JOHN, Chicago. 1 walrus skull — Alaska (gift). BOYLES, WILLIAM B., Chicago. 1 salamander — Algonquin, Illinois (gift). BRAITHWAITE, WILLIAM. Dowa- giac, Michigan. 1 honey bee's nest — Dowagiac, Michigan (gift). BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), London, England. 297 mammals — Asia, Africa, South America (exchange). BURT, CHARLES E., Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2 salamanders, 4 frogs, 16 lizards, 5 snakes — various localities (gift). 12 lizards — various localities (ex- change). BUTLER, A. L., Horsham, Sussex, England. 1 hummingbird — San Pedro, Peru (exchange). CHALMERS, W. J., Chicago. 1 watercolor of Australian birds (gift). CHAPMAN, M. F., Inglewood, Cali- fornia. 2 chinchillas — South America (gift). CLEGG, W. G., Delamere, England. 3 capercaillie, 3 black grouse, 6 ptar- migan—Scotland (gift). COALE, MRS. IRMA B., Highland Park, Illinois. 7 butterflies — Japan (gift). 181 butterflies, 17 moths — Paraguay (gift). CONNELLY, J. F., Perth, West Aus- tralia. 140 shells — Coast of West Australia (gift). CONNOR, DR. D. F., Chicago. 1 mounted swan skeleton (gift). CONOVER, BOARDMAN, Chicago. 1 ringed-neck duck — Illinois (gift). Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 305 4 partial bird skeletons — Germany, Madagascar (gift). CORRAGGIO, ANTONIO, Pismo Beach, California. 3 clam shells — Pismo Beach, Cali- fornia (gift). CUTTING, C. SUYDAM, New York City. 108 paintings and sketches of Abys- sinian birds and mammals, 8 reels motion picture film (gift). DAWSON, BERNARD H., La Plata, Argentina. 3 lizards — Neuquen and La Plata, Argentina (gift). DICKEY, DONALD R., Pasadena, California. 2 mammals — Palm Springs, Cali- fornia (gift). DURAN, DR. M. E. AND GONZA- LEZ, A., Chicago. 1 snake — La Estrella, Costa Rica (gift). ERWIN, RICHARD P., Boise, Idaho. 6 spiders — Boise, Idaho (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Collected by Mr. and Mrs. John Bor- den, Miss F. Ames, Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Slaughter and Ash- ley Hine (Borden-Field Museum Alaska-Arctic Expedition) : 1 seal, 4 walrus, 4 polar bears, 4 Alaska brown bears, 111 bird- skins, 1 box group accessories — Arctic Ocean, Alaska. Collected by H. Boardman Conover, Robert Everard and John T. Zimmer (Conover-Everard Afri- can Expedition) : 238 mammal skins and skulls, 1 white rhino skeleton, 578 birds, 9 nests and eggs, 1 turtle, 127 lizards, 40 snakes, 131 frogs, 58 insects — Tanganyika Territory, Belgian Congo, Uganda. Collected by George A. Dorsey (De- partment of Anthropology') : 2 crocodile skulls — New Guinea. Collected by Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe (Captain Marshall Field Expedi- tion to British India) : 38 mammal skins and skulls — Bri- tish India. Collected by W. H. Osgood, L. A. Fuertes, A. M. Bailey, J. E. Baum and C. S. Cutting (Field Museum -Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition) : 1,339 mammals, 2,090 birds, 2 eggs, 22 lizards, 8 snakes, 32 frogs, 2 fishes — Abyssinia. Collected by Edmund Heller (Captain Marshall Field African Expedi- tion): 244 mammals, 6 birds, 82 lizards, 31 snakes, 24 frogs, 9 fishes, 7 inver- tebrates — Belgian Congo, Ugan- da. Collected by members of Museum staff (local field work) : 33 frogs, 20 salamanders, 7 snakes, 7 turtles — Chicago Area. Collected by E. S. Riggs (Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina) : 11 mammal skins and skulls, 27 lizards, 6 snakes, 5 frogs, 11 in- sects — Argentina. Collected by K. P. Schmidt and C. C. Sanborn (Captain Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition): 424 mammal sldns and skulls, 526 birds, nests and eggs, 11 turtles, 6 caimans, 157 lizards, 105 snakes, l,145frogs,3,997fishes, 153 inver- tebrates, 3 boxes group accesso- ries — Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay. Collected by Robert W. Tansill (Alex- ander Revell-Field Museum Alas- ka Expedition): 7 Alaska brown bears, 14 birds — Alaska. Collected by Third Asiatic Expedition (American Museum of Natural History) : 270 mammals — Mongolia, China. Collected by A. C. Weed and A. G. Rueckert (Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition) : 2 polar bear skulls, 1 caribou skull — Sukkertoppen, Greenland. 1 lemming, 13 birds — Baffin Land. 320 insects — various localities. Purchases: 1 African lung fish — Buddhu Coast, Uganda, Africa. 4 birds — Chile, Argentina. 4 snakes — Glendale, Arizona. 306 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII 10 frogs, 7 turtles, 47 snakes — Im- boden, Arkansas. 273 birds— Bolivia. 2 woodpeckers — Sao Paulo, Brazil. 8 birds— Chile. 8 turtles — Gainesville, Florida. 7 mammals, 1 parrot — Kashmir. 16 turtles, 105 lizards, 4 snakes, 14 frogs — Porto Rico. 2 hair seals — LaPush, Washington. 1 replica of great auk, 1 cast of great auk's egg. 7 celluloid models of salamanders, frogs and lizards. 1 Mexican gila monster. FRIESSER, JULIUS, Chicago. 1 woodpecker — British Guiana (gift). 1 giraffe skull — Uganda, Africa (gift). 1 moth — Chicago (gift). general biological supply house, Chicago. 1 salamander — Eddyville, Illinois (gift). 13 roaches — Key West, Florida (gift). GERHARD, W. J., Chicago. 1 beetle — Chicago (gift). GOODEN, G. E., Homewood, Illinois. 1 snake — Homewood, Illinois (gift). GREEN, M. M., Ardmore, Pennsyl- vania. 5 small mammals — Oregon (gift). GREGORY, TAPPAN, Chicago. 1 least weasel skull — Illinois (gift). HAIDER, JUAN, Alto Parana, Misi- ones, Argentina. 1 tayra — Misiones, Argentina (gift). HAMMOND, JOSEPHINE, Wheaton, Illinois. 1 pigmy antelope — Elat, Cameroun, West Africa (gift). HANDY', E. E., Duluth, Minnesota. 1 whistling swan — Minnesota (gift). HINRICHS, HERMAN, Chicago. 1 Canadian warbler — Chicago (gift). JENNINGS, MRS. J. E., Chicago. 1 snake skin — Florida (gift). KENDAL, GEORGE M., Chicago. I octopus — (gift). KINSEY, DR. ALFRED C, Bloom- ington, Indiana. 318 gall insects and galls — Europe, North America (gift). LAKE, W. E., Chicago. II turtles — Pell Lake, Wisconsin (gift). LETL, FRANK H., Chicago. 3 frogs, 7 salamanders, 2 lizards, 2 snakes — Southern Illinois (gift). LILJEBLAD, E., Chicago. 12 beetles — Chicago (gift). LINCOLN PARK COMMISSION, Chicago. 1 baboon — Africa (gift). Mccormick, gyrus, jr., Chicago. 4 flamingos — Cuba (gift). MILLER, MESSRS. RAMSEY AND WILKES, Chicago. 1 tarantula — Osage Hills, Oklahoma (gift). MILLRAY, JOE, Homewood, Illinois. 1 salamander — Homewood, Illinois (gift). COLEGIO SAN PEDRO NOLASCO, Santiago, Chile. 6 frogs, 12 snakes, 22 lizards — Chile (gift). MUSEO NACIONAL DE CHILE, Santiago, Chile. 1 snake, 11 frogs, 23 lizards — Chile (exchange). MUSEUM LAFAILLE A LA ROCH- ELLE, La Rochelle, France. 1 fish — Cameroon, West Africa (gift). OLSSON, AXEL, Negritos, Peru. '■ 26 frogs, 18 snakes, 45 lizards — Department Piura, Peru (gift). ORTENBURGER, DR. A. I., Norman, Oklahoma. 15 frogs, 25 salamanders, 4 turtles — Arkansas and Oklahoma (gift). I Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 307 OYARZUN, DR. AURELIANO, San- tiago, Chile. 1 cling fish — Valparaiso, Chile (gift). PATTERSON, COLONEL J. H., Tver, Bucks, England. 1 mounted rabbit, 1 zebra skin (gift). RAMSEY, JACK, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Leg bones of red wolf, Matto Grosso, Brazil (gift). RUCKDESCHEL, E. B., Chicago. 1 snake — Chicago (gift). SANDBERG, DR. KARL, Chicago. 1 goshawk — Illinois (gift). SCHMIDT, F. J. W., Stanley, Wiscon- sin. 63 frogs, 5 salamanders, 19 snakes, 6 turtles — Clark County, Wiscon- sin (gift). SCHMIDT, K. P., Homewood, Illinois. 1 cockroach — Homewood, Illinois (gift). 2 bugs, 25 beetles — Dune Park, Ind- iana (gift). SMITH, S. G., Chicago. 1 desert tortoise — Needles, Califor- nia (gift). SOWARD, H. E., Chicago. 1 whistling swan — Custer, Michigan (gift). SULLIVAN, DR. ARTHUR, Madison, Wisconsin. 1 emperor goose sin (gift). -Madison, Wiscon- SWEETMAN, C. T., Chicago. 1 salamander — Chicago (gift). TALIAFERRO, PROFESSOR W. H., Chicago. 1 agouti — (gift). THOMPSON, GEORGE, Chicago. 5 turtles — Deep River, Indiana (gift). 6 insects — Chicago (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM, Washington, D. C. 1 sparrow — La Raya, Peru (ex- change). VOLKERS, CLYDE E., Terre Haute, Indiana. 2 turtle eggs — Terre Haute, Indiana. (gift). WENTWORTH, J. R., JR., Chicago. 3 red-billed ox-peckers — Nairobi, East Africa (gift). 1 black rhinoceros skin — Tangan- yika Territory, Africa (gift). WHITE, HAROLD A., New York City. 22 large mammal skins and skulls — Gugu Mts., Arussi, Abyssinia (gift). 1 aard vark skull — Muger River, Abyssinia (gift). WOLCOTT, A. B., Downers Grove, Illinois. 14 insects — Downers Grove, Illinois (gift). RAYMOND DIVISION FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: Purchase. 30 photographs. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 81 lantern slides (gift). PHOTOGRAPHY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Made by Division: 8,044 prints, 3,535 negatives, 2,841 lantern slides, 326 bromide enlargements. Developed for Expeditions: 90 negatives. Made by Ralph Linton: 93 negatives of types of people and scenes in Madagascar, 12 por- traits of natives, landscapes, etc. 308 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII —Captain Marshall Field Expe- dition to Madagascar, Made by Elmer S. Riggs: 244 negatives of fossils, landscapes, views, etc. — Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia. Made by A. C. Weed: 253 negatives of seascapes, land- scapes, natives, etc. — Rawson- MacMillan Subarctic Expedi- tion of Field Museum. Made by J. T. Zimmer: 109 negatives of seascapes, village scenes, African natives and ani- mals, etc. — Conover-Everard Af- rican Expedition of Field Mu- seum. RAYMOND, C. E., Chicago. Bird's-eye view of the World's Fair by Childe Hassam. LIBRARY AFRICA: Albany Museum, Grahamstown. Department of Mines and Industries, Pretoria. Geological SocietJ^ Johannesburg. Institut d' Egypte, Cairo, Ministry of Public Works. Cairo. Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg. Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo. Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo. Royal Society of South Africa, Cape Town. Societe de Geographic d'Alger. Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de I'Afri- que du Nord, Algeria. Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, Rabat. South African Association for the Advancement of Sciences, Cape Town. South African Department of Agri- culture, Pretoria. South African Museum, Cape Town. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. ARGENTINA: Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Cor- doba. Institute Geografico Argentine, Bue- nos Aires. Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires, Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Nat- urales, Buenos Aires. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Bue- nos Aires. Sociedad Ornitologica del Plata, Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. AUSTRALIA: Australian Museum, Sydney. Botanic Gardens and Government Domains, Sydney, Commonwealth of Australia, Mel- bourne. Department of Agriculture Adelaide. Department of Agriculture, Sydney. Department of Agriculture, Well- ington. Department of Mines, Brisbane, Department of Mines, Sydney, Field Naturalists' Club, Melbourne. Forestry Commission, Sydney (gift.) Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney. Geological Survey of Western Aus- tralia, Perth. Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney. Melbourne University. National Herbarium, South Yarra. Ornithological Society of South Aus- tralia, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery, Adelaide. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. Queensland Geological Survey, Bris- bane. Royal Geographical Society of Aus- tralasia, Brisbane. Royal Society of Queensland, Bris- bane. Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide, Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart. Royal Society of Victoria, Mel- bourne. Royal Society of Western Australia, Perth. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney. South Australian Museum, Adelaide. Technological Museum, Sydney. AUSTRIA: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Anthropos Administration, Vienna. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 309 Zoologisch-B otan ische Gesellschaf t, Vienna. BELGIUM: Academie Royale d'ArcheoIogie, Antwerp. Academie Royale de Belgique, Brus- sels. Direction d'Agriculture. Brussels. Jardin Botanique de I'Etat, Brussels. Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Brussels. Musees Royaux du Cinquantenaire, Brussels. Nederlandsch Phytopathologische (Plantenziekten) Vereenigen, Ghent. Society Beige de Geologie, Brussels. Societe d'ArcheoIogie, Brussels. Societe de Botanique Brussels. Societe Ornithologique de la Belgi- que, Brussels. Societe Royale des Sciences, Liege. Universite de Louvain BRAZIL: Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Cuerpo de Sciencias, Letras e Artes, Campinas. Instituto de Butantan, Sao Paulo. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro. Museo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Secretaria de Agricultura, Comercio e Obras Publicas, Sao Paulo. Servico Geologico e Mineralogica, Rio de Janeiro. BRITISH GUIANA: Board of Agriculture, Georgetown. Forestry Department, Georgetown. Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Demara. CANADA: Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Department of Agriculture, Victoria. Department of Mines, Ottawa. Department of Mines, Toronto. Department of the Interior, Geolo- gical Survey, Ottawa. Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto. Horticultural Societies, Toronto. McGill University, Montreal. Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Sciences, New Brunswick. Provincial Museum, Toronto. Provincial Museum, Victoria. Queen's University, Kingston. Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto. Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa. Universite de Montreal. University of Toronto. CEYLON: Colombo Museum. Department of Agriculture, Colombo. Mineralogical Survey, Colombo. CHINA: Commercial Press Publishers, Shang- hai (gift). Geological Survey, Pekin. Royal Asiatic Society of North China, Shanghai. Science Society of China. University of Nanking. CZECHO-SLOVAKIA: Academie Tcheque des Sciences, Prague. Deutscher Naturwissenschaftlich Medizinischer Verein fiir Bohmen "Lotos," Prague. DENMARK: Dansk Botanisk Forening, Copen- hagen. Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Co- penhagen. Dansk Omithologisk Forening, Co- penhagen. K. Bibliotek, Copenhagen. Naturhistorisk Forening, Copenha- gen. Universite, Copenhagen. ECUADOR: Academia Nacional de Historia, Quito. FEDERATED MALAY STATES; Federated Malay States Museums, Singapore. Royal Asiatic Society, Malayan Branch, Singapore. Sarawak Museum, Singapore. FIJI ISLANDS: Fijian Society, Suva. FINLAND: Abo Akademi. Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsingfors. FRANCE: Academie des Sciences, Paris. Ecole d'Anthropologie, Paris. Hiler Costume Library, Paris (gift). Musee Guimet, Paris. 310 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII Museum National d'Histoire Natu- relle, Paris. Nature, Paris. Societe Botanique de France, Paris. Societe Dauphinoise d'Ethnologie et d'Anthropologie, Grenoble. Societe d'Ethnographie, Paris. Societe d'Etude des Sciences Natu- relles, Reims. Societe d'Etudes Scientifiques, An- gers. Societe d'Histoire Naturelle, Tou- louse. Societe de Geographie, Paris. Societe des Americanistes, Paris. Societe des Sciences, Nancy. Societe des Sciences Naturelles, Ar- dennes. Societe des Sciences Naturelles de Sa6ne-et-Loire, Chalon-sur-Saone. Societe Linneenne, Bordeaux. Societe Nationale d'Acclimatation de France, Paris. Society Nationale d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts, Angers. Societe Nationale d'Horticulture de France, Paris. Societe Scientifique du Bourbonnais et du Centre de France, Moulins. GERMANY: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Ber- lin. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Hei- delberg. Bayerische Akademie der Wissen- schaften, Munich. Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft, Munich. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berhn. Botanischer Verein der Provinz Bran- denburg, Berlin. Deutsche Dendrologische Gesell- schaft, Bonn-Poppelsdorf. Deutsche Entomologische Gesell- schaft, Berlin. Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Anthrop- ologie, Ethnologie und Urge- schichte, Berlin. Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesell- schaft, Leipzig. Deutscher Seefischerei Verein, Berlin. Frankfurter Gesellschaft fiir An- thropologie, Ethnologie und Ur- geschichte. Friedrich Wilhelms Unversitat, Ber- lin. Geographische Gesellschaft, Miinich. Georg- August -Universitat, Gottin- gen. Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Berlin. Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Leipzig. Hamburgische Universitat. Mineralogisch-Geologisches Museum , Dresden. ' Museum fiir Tierkunde und Volker- kunde, Dresden. Museum fiir Volkerkunde, Berlin. Museum fiir Volkerkunde, Hamburg. Nassauischer Verein fiir Natur- kunde, Wiesbaden. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frei- burg. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Gor- litz. Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, Niirn- burg. Naturhistorische Verein der Preus- sischen Rheinlande und West- falens, Bonn. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Bre- men. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Pas- sau. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Schwaben und Augsburg. Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bay- ern, Miinich. Sachsische Akademie der Wissen- schaft, Leipzig. Schlesische Gesellschaft fiir Vater- landische Cultur, Breslau. Senckenbergische Naturforschende, Gesellschaft, Frankfurt a M. Thuringischer Botanischer Verein, Weimar. Tubingen University. Universitats Bibliothek, Marburg. Unversitats Bibliothek, Miinich. Verein fiir Naturkunde, Cassel. Verein fiir Vaterlandische Natur- kunde, Wiirttemberg. Verein fiir Volkskunde, Berlin. Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. GREAT BRITAIN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Newcastle upon Tyne. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Ashmolean Natural History Society, Oxford. Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society. Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical Society. Bristol Museum. British Library of Political Science, London. British Museum, London. British Museum (Natural History), London. Cambridge Philosophical Society. Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XXXVIII / \ l ■r BLACK PEPPER A piece of a fruiting pepper vine reproduced from nature Installed in Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29) Stanley Field Plant Reproduction Laboratories One-eighth natural size tIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLlNQiS Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 311 Cambridge University. Department of Science and Industrial Research, London. Dove Marine Laboratory, Culler- coats. Fisheries Board, Edinburgh. Geological Society, Edinburgh. Geological Society, Liverpool. Geological Survey England and Wales, London. Geological Survey of Scotland, Edin- burgh. Geologists' Association, London. Hull Municipal Museum. Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London. Japan Society of London. Lancashire Sea Fisheries Laboratory, Liverpool. Leicester Museum, Art Gallery and Library. Linnean Society, London. Liverpool Biological Society. Liverpool Free Public Museum. London School of Economics and PoUtical Science. Manchester Literary and Philosoph- ical Society. Manchester Museum. Marine Biological Association, Ply- mouth. National Indian Association, London. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Natural History Society of Glasgow. Oriental Ceramic Society, London (gift). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Brit- ain and Ireland, London. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Royal Colonial Institute, London. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Falmouth. Royal Geographical Society, London. Royal Horticultural Society, London. Royal Society, London. Royal Society of Arts, London. Royal Society of Edinburgh. School of Oriental Studies, London, South London Entomological and Natural History Society. Speleological Society, Bristol. Tring Zoological Museum. Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Wellcome Research Laboratories, London. Zoological Society, London. HUNGARY: Magyar Termeszettudomanyi T4r- sulat, Budapest. Mus^e National Hongrois, Budapest. Royal Hungary School of Engineer- ing, Mines and Forests, Budapest. INDIA: Anthropological Society, Bombay. Archaeological Department, Hyder- abad. Archaeological Survey, Allahabad. Archaeological Survey, Burma, Ran- goon. Archaeological Survey, Calcutta. Archaeological Survey, Madras. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Patna. Botanical Survey, Calcutta. Department of Agriculture, Bombay. Department of Agriculture, Madras. Department of Agriculture, Poona. Department of Agriculture, Pusa. Geological Survey, Calcutta. Government Cinchona Plantations, Calcutta. Government of India, Calcutta. Government Museum, Madras. Hyderabad Archaeological Society. Indian Museum, Calcutta. Journal of Indian Botany, Madras. Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. University of Calcutta. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. IRELAND: Belfast Natural History and Philo- sophical Society. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. University of Dublin. ITALY: Musei Zoologia e Anatomia, Genoa. Musei Zoologia e Anatomia Compa- rata, Turin. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa. R. Accademia della Scienze, Naples. R. Accademia delle Scienze, Turin. R. Accademia Nazionale del Lincei, Rome. R. Orto Botanico Giardino Coloniale, Palermo. R. Scuola Superiore di Agricultura, Portici. R. Societa Geografica Italiana, Rome. Societa dei Naturalisti, Naples. Societa di Scienze Naturali ed Eco- nomiche, Florence. Societa Geologica Italiana, Rome. 312 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Societa Italiana de Scienze Naturali, Milan. Societa Reale dei Napoli. Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Pisa. UfRcio Geologico d'ltalia, Rome. JAPAN: Anthropological Society of Tokyo. Department of Agriculture of For- mosa. Government General, Museum of Chosen. Government Research Institute, Tao- hoku, Formosa. Imperial Academy of Tokyo. Imperial Geological Society, Tokyo. Imperial Geological Survey, Tokyo. Imperial Household Museums, Tokyo. Imperial University, Tokyo. Imperial University, College of Agri- culture, Kyoto. Ornithological Society, Tokyo. Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai. Tokyo Botanical Society. JAVA: Bata\'iaasch Genootschap van Kun- sten en Wetenschappen, Batavia. Department of Agriculture, Buiten- zorg. Encyclopaedisch Bureau, Weltevre- den. Jardin Botanique, Weltevreden. K. Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie, Weltevreden. MEXICO: Instituto Geologico de Mexico. Museo Nacional de Arqueologia, Historia y Ethnografia, Mexico. Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomen- to, Direccion de Antropologia, Mexico. Secretaria de Educacion Publica, Mexico. Sociedad Cientifica "Antonio Alzate" Mexico. Sociedad de Geografia y Estadistica, Mexico. Sociedad Forestal de Mexico. Sociedad Geologica Mexicana, Mex- ico. NETHERLANDS: Bataafsch Genootschap der Proef- ondervinde lijke Wijsgegierte, Rotterdam. K. Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam. K. Instituut voor de Taal-Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie, Hague. K. Nederlandsch Aardrijkundig Ge- nootschap, Amsterdam. Leiden Museum. Museum voor Land-en Volkenkunde en Maritiem Museum "Prinz Hendrik," Rotterdam. Nederlandsche Phytopathologische Vereeniging, Wageningen. Nederlandsch Vogelkundigen Club, Leiden. Rijks Ethnographisch Museum, Lei- den. Rijks Geologisch-Mineralogisches Museum, Leiden. Rijks Herbarium, Leiden. Rijks Hoogers Land-Tuin-en Bosch- bousschool, Wageningen. Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke His- torie, Leiden. Rijks Universiteit, Leiden. Universiteit van Amsterdam. NEW ZEALAND: Auckland Institute and Museum, Wellington. Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Cawthorn Institute, Nelson. Department of Agriculture, Well- ington. Department of Mines, Wellington. Dominion Museum, Wellington. Geological Survey, Wellington. New Zealand Board of Science and Art, Wellington. NORWAY: Bergen Museums. Ethnographical Museum of Oslo Norges Geologiske Unde^rskelse, Oslo. Norsk Geologisk Forening, Oslo. Physiographiske Forening, Oslo. Tromso Museum. Zoologiske Museum, Oslo. PALESTINE: Institute of Agriculture and Natural History, Tel-Aviv. Palestine Oriental Society, Jerusalem. PARAGUAY: Sociedad Cientifica, Asuncion. PERU: Revista del Archivo Nacional, Lima. POLAND: Academie Polonaise des Sciences et des Amis, Cracow. Instytut nauk Antropologicznych Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 313 Towarzystwa Naukwego Wars- zawskiego, Warsaw. Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalia, Warsaw. Society Botanique de Pologne, War- saw. PORTUGAL: Academia Real Sciencias, Lisbon. Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. Universidade de Coimbra, Museu Zoologico. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon. ROUMANIA: Universite de Jassy. RUSSIA: Academie des Sciences, Leningrad. Botanical Garden, Leningrad. Institute of Economic Mineralogy and Petrography, Moscow. Musee d'AnthropoIogie, Leningrad. Musee d'Etat de la Region Indus- trielle Centrale, Moscow. Musee Geologique de Mineralogie Pierre le Grande, Leningrad. Russian Zoological Journal, Moscow. Societe des Amis des Sciences Na- turelles, d' Anthropologie et d'Eth- nographie, Moscow. Societe des Naturalistes, Leningrad. Societe Ouralienne d'Amis des Sci- ences Naturelles, Ekaterinberg. SPAIN: Institucio Catalana d'Historia Na- tural, Barcelona. Associacio Catalana d'Antropologia, Etnologia i Prehistoria, Barcelona. Junta de Ciencies Naturals, Barce- lona. Junta para Amplicacion de Estudios e Investigaciones Cientificas, Ma- drid. Musei de Ciencias Naturales, Ma- drid. R. Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid. Sociedad Espanola de Antropologia, Etnografia y Prehistoria, Madrid. Sociedad Espanola de Historia Na- tural, Madrid. SWEDEN: Goteborgs Botanika Tradgrad. Geologiska Institutet, Stockholm. K. Biblioteket, Stockholm. K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm. K. Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Sam- halle, Goteborg. K. Vitterhet Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Stockholm. Lunds Universitet. SWITZERLAND: Botanischer Garten, Bern. Botanisches Museum, Zurich. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva. Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Lau- sanne. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Zu- rich. Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel. Schweizerische Entomologische Ge- sellschaft, Bern. Societe Botanique, Geneva. Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva. Societe Helvetique des Sciences Na- turelles, Bern. Society Neuchateloise de Geographie, Neuchatel. Societe Suisse d'AnthropoIogie et d'Ethnologie, Bern. Societe Zoologique, Geneva. URUGUAY: Museo Nacional, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Cultura Venezolana, Caracas. Museo Comercial de Venezolana, Caracas. WEST INDIES: Academia Nacional de la Artes y Letras, Havana. Biblioteca Nacional, Havana. Department of Agriculture, Bridge- town. Department of Agriculture, King- ston. Insular Experiment Station, Rio Piedras. Trinidad and Tobago Department of Agriculture, Port of Spain. Universidad de Habana. Alvarez, Antenor, Santiago del Estero (gift). Beaux, Oscar de, Geneva. Borodin, N., (gift). Castellanos, Alfredo, Buenos Aires (gift). Collinge, Walter E., York. Dingwall, Kenneth, London (gift). Dunod, Henri, Paris. Dyes, W. A., Berlin (gift). Frankenberg, G., Braunschweig. Frankfort, H., London (gift). 314 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin (gift). Gladstone, Hugh S., Dumfriesshire (gift). Gleerup, C. W. K., Lund. Gowdey, C. C, Kingston. Gumaraes, Antonio, Jr., Sao Paulo Heim, Albert, Zurich. Herter, Guillermo, Montevideo (gift). Hertzel, Harry J. S., Brussels (gift). Hornell, James, London (gift). Huard, V. A., Quebec. Hunke, Hugo, Berlin (gift). Joicey, J. J., Witley. Joyce, T. A., London. Kuroda, N , Tokyo (gift). Langdon, S., Oxford (gift). Lecomte, Henri, Paris (gift). Levy-Bruhl, Lucien, Paris. Lindblom, Gerhard, Stockholm (gift). Looser, Gualterio, Santiago (gift). Loppe, Etienne, LaRochelle. Lowe, Percy R., London. Maisonneuve, Adrien, Paris. Martinez, J. Hernandez, Merida. Meek, Alexander, Durham. Mertens, Robert, Frankfurt a M. (gift). Miiller, Lorenz, Munich. Nandor, Gimesi, Budapest (gift). Outes, Felix F., Buenos Aires. Passerini, N., Florence (gift). Pinto do Fonseca, Jose, Sao Paulo (gift). Pittier, Henri, Caracas. Richter, R. E., Frankfurt a. M. Rinne, Friedrich, Leipzig.. Rivet, P., Paris. Rodrigues da Silveira, Fernando, Rio de Janeiro (gift). Roeder, Gunther, Hildesheim (gift). Roth, Walter E., Christianburg. Rout, Ettie A., London (gift). Schinz, Hans, Zurich. Schlaginhaufen, Otto, Zurich. Spencer, L. J., London. Soderstrom, Adolf, Upsala (gift). Strand, Embrik, Riga (gift). Sztolcman, Jan, Warsaw (gift). Talbot, G., Witley (gift). Tratz, Edward Paul, Salzburg (gift). Tyties, Edward J. Mrs., London (gift). Uchida, Leinosuke, Tokyo (gift). Walsh, George B., Scarborough. Wuelff, E. W., Leningrad. Zimanyi, Karl, Budapest. ALABAMA: Geological Survey, University. CALIFORNIA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley. Balboa Park Museum, San Diego. Board of Fish and Game Commis- sioners, Sacramento. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Cooper Ornithological Club, Holly- wood. Los Angeles Museum. Natural History Museum, San Diego. Pomona College, Claremont. San Diego Society of Natural His- tory. San Diego Zoological Society. Scripps Institution of Biological Research, La JoUa. Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles. Stanford Museum. State Mining Bureau, Sacramento. University of California, Berkeley. University of Southern California, Los Angeles. COLORADO: Agri cultural Experiment Station, Forth Collins. Bureau of Mines, Denver. Colorado College, Colorado Springs. Colorado Museum of Natural His- tory, Denver. State Agricultural College, Fort Collins. State Historical and Natural History Society, Denver. CONNECTICUT: Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven. Hartford Public Library. Osborn Botanical Laboratory, New Haven. State Board of Fisheries and Game, Hartford. State Geological and Natural History Survey, Hartford. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. Yale University, New Haven. FLORIDA: State Geological Survey, Tallahasee. ARIZONA: Arizona Museum, Phoenix. GEORGIA: Geological Survey, Atlanta. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 315 HAWAII: Agricultural Experiment Station, Honolulu. Be-nice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Board of Commissioners of Agricul- ture and Forestry, Honolulu. _ Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu. Hawaiian Historical Society, Hono- lulu. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Associa- tion, Honolulu. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hon- olulu. University of Hawaii, Honolulu. IDAHO: State Historical Society of Idaho, Boise. ILLINOIS: Agricultural Experiment Station* Urbana. Art Institute of Chicago, Board of Education, Chicago. Chicago Academy of Science. Chicago Historical Society. Consulate of Japan, Chicago. Division of Natural History Survey, Urbana. Forestry Service, Urbana. Geographic Society, Chicago. Hardwood Record, Chicago (gift). Inland Printer, Chicago (gift). Izaak Walton League of America, Chicago (gift). John Crerar Library, Chicago. Knox College, Galesburg (gift). Newberry Library, Chicago. Northwestern University, Evanston. Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago. State Academy of Science, Spring- field. State Board of Agriculture, Spring- field. State Geological Survey, Springfield. State Historical Library, Springfield. State Water Survey, Urbana. University of Chicago. University of Illinois, Urbana. INDIANA: Academy of Science, Indianapolis. Agricultural Experiment Station, Indianapolis. Department of Conservation, Indi- anapolis. Indiana Historical Society, Indian- apolis (gift). Indiana University, Bloomington. John Herron Art Institute, Indian- apolis. Purdue University, Lafayette. State Board of Forestry, Indianapolis. University of Notre Dame. IOWA: Academy of Science, Des Moines. Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames. Historical, Memorial and Art De- partment, Des Moines. Iowa Geological Survey, Des Moines. Iowa Horticultural Society, Des Moines. University of Iowa, Iowa City. KANSAS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan. State Board of Agriculture, Topeka. State Geological Survey, Lawrence. State Historical Society, Topeka. University of Kansas, Lawrence. KENTUCKY: Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisville. Kentucky Geological Survey, Frank- fort. LOUISIANA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge. Department of Conservation, Baton Rouge. MAINE: Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono. Bowdoin College, Brunswick. Portland Public Library. MARYLAND: Academy of Science, Baltimore. Agricultural Experiment Station, College Park. Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore. Johns Hopkins University, Balti- more. MASSACHUSETTS: Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston. American Antiquarian Society, Wor- cester. Boston Public Library. Harvard College, Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge. 316 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Harvard University, Arnold Arbore- tum, Jamaica Plain. Harvard University, Gray Herbar- ium, Cambridge. Horticultural Society, Boston. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. New Bedford Free Library. Peabody Institute. l*eabody Museum, Cambridge. Peabody Museum, Salem. Phillips Academy, Andover. Salem Public Library. Smith College, Northampton. Springfield City Library Association. Williams College, Williamstown MICHIGAN: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Department of Conservation, Geolog- ical Survey Division, Lansing. Detroit Institute of Art. Grand Rapids Public Library. Michigan Academy of Science, Ann Arbor. Michigan College of Mines, Hough- ton. Michigan State Library, Lansing. State Board of Agriculture, Lansing. State Board of Library Commissions, Lansing. Three Oaks Historical Society. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MINNESOTA: Agricultural Experiment Station, University Farm. Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Minnesota Geological Survey, Min- neapolis. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul. Saint Paul Institute, St. Paul. University of Minnesota, Minnea- polis. MISSISSIPPI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College. Mississippi Plant Board, Agricultural College. MISSOURI: Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia. Bureau of Geology and Mines, Rolla. City Art Museum, St. Louis. Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis. Missouri Historical Society, Colum- bia. Missouri State Game and Fish De- partment, Columbia. St. Louis Public Library. University of Missouri, School of Mines, Rolla. Washington University, St. Louis. MONTANA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman. NEBRASKA: . Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln. NEVADA: Agricultural Experiment Station, Reno. NEW JERSEY: Agricultural Experiment Station, Trenton. Department of Conservation and Development, Trenton. Horticultural Society, Trenton. Newark Museums Association. Princeton University. NEW MEXICO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Santa Fe. Historical Society, Santa Fe. New Mexico Museum, Santa Fe. NEW YORK: Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. American Academy in Rome, New York. American Geographical Society, New York. American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York. American Polish Chamber of Com- merce, New York. Barrett Company, Agricultural De- partment, New York (gift). Bingham Oceanographic Collection, New York (gift). Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sci- ences. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Columbia University, New York. Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York. Cornell University, Ithaca. '1 Garden Club of America, New York. Japan Society, New York. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 317 Museum of the American Indian, New York. New York Academy of Sciences, New York. New York Botanical Garden, New York. New York Historical Society, New York. New York Linnean Society, New York. New York State Library, Albany. Pratt Institute, New York. Public Library, New York. Rochester Academy of Science. Rochester Municipal Museum. Rockefeller Foundation, New York. State College of Forestry, Syracuse. State Museum, Albany. Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, New York. Stone Publishing Company, New York. Tompkins- Kiel Marble Company, New York (gift). United Fruit Company, New York. University of the State of New York, Albany. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. Zoological Society, New York. NORTH CAROLINA: Duke University, Durham. Geological and Economic Survey, Raleigh. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill. NORTH DAKOTA: Geological Survey, University Sta- tion. State Historical Society, Bismarck. University of North Dakota, Uni- versity. OHIO: Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster. Cincinnati Museums Association. Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Museum of Natural His- tory. Cleveland Public Library. Denison University, Granville. Geological Survey, Columbus. Oberlin College. Ohio Academy of Science, Columbus. State Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. State University, Columbus. University of Cincinnati. Wilson Ornithological Club, Oberlin. OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma Academy of Science, Nor- man. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Nor- man. University of Oklahoma, Norman. OREGON: Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis. University of Oregon, Eugene. PENNSYLVANIA: Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia. Agricultural Experiment Station, Harrisburg. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Antivenin Institute of America, Philadelphia. Bryn Mawr College. Bureau of Topographical and Geolog- ical Survey, Harrisburg, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Delaware County Institute of Sci- ence, Media. Department of Agriculture, Harris- burg. Department of Forests and Water, Harrisburg. Dropsie College, Philadelphia. Engineers' Society of Western Penn- sylvania. Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Lehigh University, Bethlehem. Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Philadelphia Commercial Museum. Sullivant Moss Society, Pittsburgh. University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia. University of Pennsylvania, Museum, Philadelphia. Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia. Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Bureau of Education, Manila. Department of Agriculture, Manila. Department of Agriculture and Nat- ural Resources, Manila. Department of Interior, Bureau of Science, Manila. 318 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII SOUTH DAKOTA: Geological and Natural History Sur- vey, Vermilion. State School of Mines, Rapid City. TENNESSEE: Academy of Science, Nashville. Agricultural Experiment Station, Nashville. TEXAS: Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station. Baylor University, Waco. Scientific Society, San Antonio. University of Texas, Austin. UTAH: Agricultural Experiment Station, VERMONT: Agricultural Experiment Station, Burlington. VIRGINIA: Agricultural Experiment Station, State Library, Richmond. University of Virginia, Charlottes- ville. WASHINGTON: Agricultural Experiment Station, Seattle. Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Geology, Olympia. Mountaineers, Seattle. Pacific Northwest Bird and Mammal Society, Seattle. Puget Sound Biological Station, Seattle. Washington University, Seattle. Washington University, Historical Society, Seattle. WASHINGTON, D. C. American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science. American Association of Museums. American Mining Congress. Carnegie Endowment for Interna- tional Peace (gift). Carnegie Institution of Washington (gift). Library of Congress. National Academy of Science. National Parks Bulletin. National Research Council. Pan American Union. Science Service. Smithsonian Institution. United States Government. United States National Museum. WEST VIRGINIA: Academy of Science, Morgantown. State Department of Agriculture, Charleston. West Virginia University, Morgan- town. WISCONSIN: Agricultural Experiment Station^ Madison. Beloit College. Geological and Natural History Sur- vey, Madison. Public Museum of Milwaukee. State Horticultural Society, Madison. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Wisconsin Archaeological Society, Madison. Allen, T. George, Chicago (gift). Allen, W. E., Berkeley, California. Ames, Oakes, Boston (gift). Ayer, Edward E., Chicago (gift). Baker, Frank C, Urbana, Illinois. Bangs, Outram, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Barnes, R. Magoon, Lacon, Illinois (gift). Bergfors, G., New York City (gift). Buckstaff, Ralph, Oshkosh, Wisconsin (gift). Cook, Harold J., Agate, Nebraska (gift). Davies, D. C, Chicago (gift). Davis, E. P., Washington, D. C. (gift). Degener, Otto, Honolulu. Essenberg, J. M., Norman, Oklahoma, (gift). Farwell, Oliver A., Detroit (gift). Field, Henry, Chicago (gift). Field, Stanley, Chicago (gift). Firth, Raymond. Friedmann, Herbert, Amherst, Massa- chusetts. Friesser, J., Chicago (gift). Gerhard, W. J., Chicago (gift). Glessner, John J., Chicago (gift.) Gordon, Myron, Ithaca, New York. (gift). Greenman, Emerson, Ann Arbor, Michi- gan (gift). Gunder, J, D., Pasadena, California (gift\ Hellmayr, C. E., Chicago (gift). Hubbs, Carl L., Ann Arbor, Michigan, Hutchinson, Mrs. Charles L., Chicago (gift). Jillson, Willard R., Frankfort, Kentucky (gift). Jones, E. T., New York City, (gift). Kenyon, A. S. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 319 Kroeber, A. L., Berkeley, California. Larsen, Esther L., St, Louis (gift). Lathrop, S. K., Cambridge, Massa- chusetts (gift). Laufer, Berthold, Chicago (gift). Lyon, M. W., Jr. South Bend, Indiana. McNair, James B., Chicago (gift). Osborn, Henry F., New York City. Osgood, Wilfred H., Chicago (gift). Pallister, John C, Cleveland (gift). Patten, Henry J., Evanston, Illinois (gift). Peters, James L., Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Procter, William, Bar Harbor, Maine, (gift). Psota, Frank J., Chicago (gift). Schmidt, Karl P., Chicago (gift). Simms, S. C, Chicago (gift). Spivey, Thomas S., Beverly Hills, California (gift). Standley, Paul C, Washington, D. C. (gift). Starr, Frederick, Seattle, Washington. Sternberg, Charles M., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (gift). Strong, R. M., Chicago (gift). Thompson, J. Eric, Chicago (gift). Todd, W. E. Clyde, Pittsburgh. Valentine, Hazel, Chicago (gift). Walker, James W., Chicago (gift), Walpole, Branson A., East Lansing, Michigan (gift). Whitlock, Herbert P., New York City (gift) Young, F. B., (gift). Zimmer, John T., Chicago (gift). 320 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State To All to Whom These Presents Shall Come, Greeting: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, A. D. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in ac- cordance with the provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto, attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this. State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [Seal] Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary op State: Sir: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the "COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO." 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dis- semination of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illus- trating Art, Archaeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of Fifteen (15) Trustees, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsauhis. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 321 Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. S«cott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. State of Illinois Cook County ) I, G. R. Mitchell, a Notary Public in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowledged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, ISeal] Notary Public, Cook County, III. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of Twenty-one (21) Trustees, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. 322 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII AMENDED BY-LAWS JANUARY 1928 ARTICLE I MEMBERS Section 1. Members shall be of eleven classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Benefactors, Fellows, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Life Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. Section 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recorn- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of twenty dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. Section 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. Section 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from ail dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. Section 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. Section 6. Any person contributing the sum of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) in cash or securities to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Fellow of the Museum, who after being so elected shall have the right in perpetuity to appoint the successor in said Fellowship. Section 7. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00), at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Lif,e Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. Section 8. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of one hundred dollars ($100.00), at any one time, shall upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be entitled to: tickets admitting member and members of family, including non- resident home guests; all publications of the Museum, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and entertainments under the auspices of the Museum, pro- vided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of member- ship and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Life Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 323 Member. Non-Resident Associate Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. Section 9. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of twenty-five dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the member to free admission for the member and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such mem- ber shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. Section 10. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of ten dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the member to a card of admission for the member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the member and family to all Museum lectures or entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every Museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co- operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the Museums during a visit to the cities in which the cooperative museums are located. Section 11. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. Section 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of each month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. Section 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III HONORARY TRUSTEES Section 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, those Trustees who by reason of inability, on account of change of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capacity shall resign their place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. 324 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII ARTICLE IV OFFICERS Section 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secre- tary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-Presi- dent shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. Section 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. Section 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V THE treasurer Section 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpor- ation except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. Section 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely The President or one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. Section 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. Section 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of "The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field Museum" fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice- Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. ARTICLE VI the director Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Committees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication be- tween the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific stafif and maintenance force. Section 2. There shall be four scientific departments of the Museum — Anthropology, Botany, Geology and Zoology; each under the charge of a Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 325 Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Curators shall be ap- pointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific departments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum. Section 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII AUDITOR Section 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, set- ting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII COMMITTEES Section 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension and Executive. Section 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of five members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and quali- fied. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the members are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chair- man, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named. Second Vice- chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. Section 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. Section 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regular elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. Section 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other permanent funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to invest, sell, and reinvest funds, subject to the approval of the Board. Section 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. Section 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested 326 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recommendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expenditures as stated are authorized. Section 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all ac- counting and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert indi- vidual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. Section 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, Section 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. Section 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX NOMINATING COMMITTEE Section 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Commit- tee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three mem- bers of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X Section 1. Whenever the word "Museum" is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. Section 2. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. ** .'^ . O fed — ^ t 2 Q.SO O .2 tf § p. m HH , (!> o w LIBRARY OF THE Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 327 FOUNDER ♦Marshall Field BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $1 00,000 or more to the Miiseum *Ayer, Edward E. Buckingham, Miss Kate S, ♦Field, Joseph N. Field, Captain Marshall Field, Stanley Graham, Ernest R. Harris, Albert W. ♦Harris, Norman W. ♦Higinbotham, Harlow N. ♦Pullman, George M. Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise ♦Raymond, James Nelson Simpson, James ♦Sturges, Mrs. Mary D. HONORARY Those who have rendered *Ayer, Edward E. Ayer, Mrs. Edward E. Blackstone, Mrs. T. B. Breasted, Prof. James H. Chalmers, William J. Crane, Charles R. Crane, Richard T., Jr. Field, Captain Marshall Field, Stanley Graham, Ernest R. Harris, Albert W. MEMBERS eminent service to Science *Jones, Arthur B. Keep, Chauncey LuDwiG, H. R. H. GusTAF Adolf, Crown Prince of Sweden McCoRMiCK, Stanley Rosenwald, Julius Rosenwald, Mrs. Augusta N. Ryerson, Martin A. Sargent, Homer E. Simpson, James Sprague, Albert A. PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Knight, Charles R. KuNZ, George F. Langdon, Prof. Stephen ♦Akeley, Carl E. Armour, Allison V. Borland, Mrs. John Jay Butler, Edward B. Cherrie, George K. Collins, Alfred M. Conover, Board man Cummings, Mrs. Robert F. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Kelley, William V. Kennedy, Vernon Shaw "Deceased Markham, Charles H. ♦Mitchell, John J. Payne, John Barton Probst, Edward Rawson, Frederick H. Roosevelt, Kermit Roosevelt, Theodore Sargent, Homer E. Smith, Mrs. George T. Strawn, Silas H. White, Howard J. 328 Field Museum of Naturax, History— Reports, Vol. VII CORPORATE MEMBERS ♦Akeley, Carl E. Armour, Allison V. *Ayer, Edward E. Blair, Watson F. Borden, John Borland, Mrs. John Jay Butler, Edward B. Byram, Harry E. Chalmers, W. J, Chatpield-Taylor, H. C. Cherrie, George K. Collins, Alfred M. Conover, Boardman Crane, Richard T., Jr. CuMMiNGS, Mrs. Robert F. Cutting, C. Suydam Davies, D. C. Day, Lee Garnett Eastman, Sidney C. Ellsworth, Duncan S. Field, Captain Marshall Field, Stanley ♦Gage, Lyman J. Graham, Ernest R. Harris, Albert W. ♦Jones, Arthur B. Keep, Chauncey Kelley, William V. Kennedy, Vernon Shaw Knight, Charles R. Kunz, George F. Langdon, Prof. Stephen McCoRMiCK, Cyrus H. Markham, Charles H. ♦Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, William H. Payne, John Barton ♦Porter, George F. Probst, Edward Rawson, Frederick H. Roosevelt, Kermit Roosevelt, Theodore Ryerson, Martin A. Sargent, Homer E. Simpson, James Smith, Mrs. George T. Smith, Solomon A. Sprague, Albert A. Stone, Melville E. Strawn, Silas H. White, Howard J. Wrigley, Willlam, Jr. "Deceased Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 329 LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum Abbott, Robert S. Aldis, Arthur T. Alexander, Willl4.m A. Allerton, Robert H. Ames, James C. Ames, Knowlton L. Armour, Allison V. Armour, A. Watson Armour, Lester Avery, Sewell L. Babcock, Frederick R. Bacon, Edward Richardson, Jr. Banks, Alexander F. Barrett, Mrs. A. D. Barrett, Robert L. Bassford, Lowell C. Bendix, Vincent Bensabott, R. Billings, C. K. G, Billings, Dr. Frank Blackstone, Mrs. T. B. Blaine, Mrs. Emmons Blair, Henry A. Blair, Watson F. Block, L. E. Block, Philip D. Booth, W. Vernon Borden, John Borden, Mrs. Waller Borland, Chauncey B. Bradley, J. Dorr Brannan, George E. Brewster, Walter S. Bross, Mrs. Mason Brown, Charles Edward Brown, William L. Buchanan, D. W. BuDD, Britton I. buffington, eugene j. Burntiam, John Burt, William G. Butler, Edward B. Butler, Julius W. Byram, Harry E. Carpenter, Augustus A. Carpenter, Mrs. Hubbard Carr, Robert F. Carry, Edward F. Carton, L. A. Chalmers, William J. Chalmers, Mrs. William J. Chandler, Reuben G. Clark, Eugene B. Clay, John Clegg, Mrs. Henry G. Clegg, William G. Clegg, Mrs. William G. Clinch, R. Floyd Clow, William E. Conover, Boardman Copley, Col. Ira Cliff, (N. R.) Corley, F. D. CowLES, Alfred Cramer, Corwith Cramer, E. W. Cramer, Mrs. Katharine S. Crane, Charles R. Crane, Richard T., Jr. Crossett, Edward C. Crossley, Sir Kenneth Crossley, Lady Josephine Crowell, H. p. Cudahy, Edward A., Cudahy, Edward A., Jr. Cudahy, Joseph M. Cummings, D. Mark Cunningham, Frank S. Cunningham, James D. Curtis, Mrs. Robert M. Cutten, Arthur W. Dau, J. J. Davies, D. C. Davies, Mrs. D. C. Dawes, Charles G. Day, Albert M. Decker, Alfred Defrees, Joseph H. Delano, Frederic A. DeWolf, Wallace L, Dick, Albert Blake DiERSSEN, Ferdinand W. Dixon, George W. Donnelley, Reuben H. Donnelley, Thomas E. Douglas, James H. Drake, John B. Drake, Tracy C. 330 Field Museum op Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII eckhart, b. a. Edmunds, Philip S. EwiNG, Charles Hull Farnum, Henry W. Farr, Miss Shirley Farrington, Dr. Oliver C. Farwell, Arthur L. Farwell, Francis C. Farwell, John V. Farwell, Walter Fay, C. N. Felt, Dorr E. Fenton, Howard W. Ferguson, Louis A. Ferry, Mrs. Abby Farwell Field, Joseph Nash, II Field, Captain Marshall Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Mrs. Sara Carroll Field, Stanley Fleming, John C. FoRGAN, David R. Fyffe, Colin C. H. Gardner, Paul E. Gartz, a. F. Gary, Mrs. John W. Getz, George F. Glessner, John J. Goddard, Leroy a. Goodman, William O. Goodrich, A. W. Goodspeed, Charles B. GowiNG, J. Parker Graham, Ernest R. Griscom, Clement A. Hack, Frederick C. Hamill, Alfred E. Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W. Harvey, Ford F. (N. R.) Haskell, Frederick T. Hastings, Samuel M. Hey WORTH, James O. Hibbard, Frank Hill, Louis W. HiNDE, Thomas W. Hinkley, James Otis HIPPACH, Louis A. Hopkins, J. M. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J, HOYT, N. Landon Hughes, Thomas S. Hughitt, Marvin Insull, Samuel Insull, Samuel, Jr. Jarnagin, William N. Jelke, John F. Jelke, John F., Jr. Johnson, Mrs. Elizabeth Ayer Jones, Mrs. Arthur B. Jones, Miss Gwethalyn Jones, Thomas D. Keep, Chauncey Keller, Theodore C. Kelley, Mrs. Daphne Field Kelley, Russell P. Kelley, William V. King, Charles Garfield King, Francis King, James G. Kirk, Walter Radcliffe Kittle, C. M. Knickerbocker, Charles K. Kuppenheimer, Louis B. Lamont, Robert P, Landon, Mrs. Jessie Spalding (N. R.) Lehmann, E. J. Leonard, Clifford M. Levy, Mrs. David M. Linn, W. R. Logan, Spencer H. Lord, John B. Lowden, Frank O. Lytton, George Lytton, Henry C. Mac Do WELL, Charles H. MacVeagh, Franklin Manierre, Mrs. George Mark, Clayton Markham, Charles H. Marshall, Benjamin H. Martin, William P., Sr. Mason, William S. McCoRMiCK, Cyrus H. McCormick, Mrs. Edith Rockefeller McCormick, Harold F. McCormick, Stanley McCuTCHEON, John T. MclLVAiNE, William B. McInnerney, Thomas H. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 331 McKiNLAY, John McKiNLOCK, George A. McLaughlin, Frederic McLaughlin, George D. McLennan, D. R. McLennan, Hugh MCNULTY, T. J. Meyne, Gerhardt F. Miner, W. H. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Edward S. Morse, Charles H., Jr. Morton, Joy Morton, Mark MuNROE, Charles A. Newell, A. B. Nikolas, G. J. Noel, Joseph R. Oakley, Horace S. O'Brien, John J. Ormsby, Dr. Oliver S. Orr, Robert M. Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honore Palmer, Potter Patten, Henry J. Patten, Mrs. James A, Patterson, Joseph M. Payne, John Barton Payson, George S. Peabody, Augustus S. Perkins, Herbert F, Pick, Albert Pierce, Charles I. PiEz, Charles Pike, Charles B. Pike, Eugene R. PoppENHUSEN, Conrad H, Porter, Frank W. Porter, Gilbert E. Porter, H. H, Rawson, Frederick H. Raymond, Mrs. James Nelson Rea, Mrs. Robert L. Revell, Alexander H. Reynolds, Earle H. Reynolds, George M. Riley, Harrison B. Robinson, Theodore W. RoBSON, Miss Alice Rodman, Mrs. Katherine Field Rodman, Thomas Clifford RosENWALD, Julius RosENWALD, Lessing J. (N. R.) RosENWALD, William RUNNELLS, ClIVE Runnells, John S. Russell, Edmund A. Russell, Edward P. Ryerson, Mrs. Carrie H. Ryerson, Edward L. Ryerson, Martin A. Sargent, Fred Wesley Schweppe, Charles H. Scott, Frank H. Scott, George E. Scott, Harold N. Scott, John W. Shaffer, John C. Shirk, Joseph H. Simpson, James Simpson, William B. Smith, Alexander Smith, Solomon A. SoPER, James P. Spalding, Keith Spaulding, Mrs. Howard H., Jr. Sprague, Albert A. Stern, Mrs. Alfred K. Stern, Mrs. Edgar B. (N. R.) Stevens, Charles A. Stewart, Robert W. Stirton, Robert C. Storey, W. B. Stout, Frank D. Stuart, John Stuart, R. Douglas Strawn, Silas H. Studebaker, Clement, Jr. Sturges, George Sunny, B. E. Swift, Charles H. Swift, Edward F. Swift, G. F., Jr. Swift, Harold H. Swift, Louis F. Thorne, Charles H. Thorne, Robert J. Traylor, Melvin a. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell Uihlein, Edgar J. Underwood, Morgan P. 332 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Valentine, Louis L. Veatch, George L. Vernay, Arthur S. (N. R.) Viles, Lawrence M. Wacker, Charles H. Wanner, Harry C. Warner, Ezra Joseph Weber, David Welling, John P. Wetmore, Frank O. Wheeler, Charles P. White, F. Edson Whitney, Mrs. Julia L. Armour, J. Ogden Ayer, Edward E. Carpenter, Benjamin Clegg, Henry G. Deering, Charles Fair, Robert M. Forsyth, Robert Gary, Judge Elbert H. WiCKWiRE, Mrs. Edward L. WiEBOLDT, William A. WiLLARD, AlONZA J. WiLLiTS, Ward W. Wilson, John P., Jr. Wilson, Oliver T. Wilson, Thomas E. Wilson, Walter H. Winston, Garrard B. Winter, Wallace C. WooLLEY, Clarence M. Wrigley, William, Jr. Yates, David M. Deceased, 1927 Hamill, Ernest A. Jones, Arthur B. King, Francis McElwee, Robert H. Mitchell, John J. Porter, George F. Stearns, Charles B., Sr. VanVechten, Ralph ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum Aaron, Charles Abbott, Donald P., Jr. Abbott, Gordon C. Abbott, W. R. Abbott, William L. Abrams, Prof. Duff A. Ackerman, Charles N. Acomb, Jesse P. Adamick, Gustav H. Adams, Joseph Adams, William C. Adcock, Mrs. Bessie Addleman, Samuel W. Adler, David Adler, Max Adler, Mrs. Max Ahlschlager, Walter W. Albee, Mrs. Harry W. Allbright, William B. Allen, Mrs. Fred G. Alling, Charles Alsberg, Lewis Alschuler, Alfred S. Alsip, Charles H. Alter, Harry Anderson, Arthur Andrews, Alfred B. Andrin, Miss Katherine L. Annan, Mrs. Miriam Ormsby Armbrust, John T. Armbruster, C. a. Armour, Philip D. Armstrong. Arthur W. Armstrong, Mrs. Frank H. Ascher, Fred ASHBY, W. B. ashenhurst, harold s. Asher, Louis E. Atwater, Walter Hull AuRELius, Mrs. Marcus A. Austin, Henry W. Austin, Dr. Margaret Howard Austrian, Alfred S. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 333 Baackes, Mrs. Frank Babson, Fred K. Babson, Henry B. Bach, Julius H. Baer, Mervin K, Baer, Walter S. Baggaley, William Blair Baird, Harry K. Baird, Wyllys W. Baker, Mrs. Alfred L. Baker, L. K. Baldwin, Vincent Curtis Balgemann, Otto W. Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ball, Sidney Y. Ballard, Thomas L. Ballenberg, Adolph G. Barbour, Harry A. Barbour, James J. Barley, Miss Matilda A. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, James M. Barnett, Otto R. Barnhart, Mrs. A. M. Barnhart, Miss Gracia M. F. Bartelme, John H. Bartholomae, Mrs. Emma Bartholomay, Henry Bartholomay, Mrs. William, Jr. Bartlett, Miss Florence D, Bartlett, Frederic C. Bass, Mrs. Perkins Bastlan, Charles L. Bateman, Floyd L. Battey, p. L. Bauer, A. Baum, Mervyn Baumgartbn, C. Bausch, William C. Beach, Miss Bess K. Beck, Herbert Becker, Benjamin F. Becker, Benjamin V. Becker, H. T. Becker, Louis Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, Francis, II Beil, Carl Bell, Lionel A. Bell, Robert W. Bender, C. J. Bensinger, Benjamin E. Benson, John Bentley, Arthur Bentley, Cyrus Benton, Miss Mabel M. Bermingham, Edward J. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bevan, Dr. Arthur Dean BicHL, Thomas A. Bidwell, Chas. W. BiGLER, Mrs. Albert J. Billow, Elmer E. Billow, Miss Virginia Bird, George H BiRK, Frank J. BiRKHOLZ, Hans E. Bishop, Howard P. Bishop, Mrs. Martha V. BisTOR, James E. BiTTEL, Mrs. Frank J. Blackman, Nathan L. Blair, Edward T. Blake, Tiffany Blatchford, Carter Blatchford, N. H., Sr., Blayney, Thomas C. Bletsch, William E. Bliss, Miss Amelia M. Block, Emanuel J. Blome, Rudolph S. Blum, David Blum, Harry H. Blunt, J. E., Jr. BOAL, Ayres Bodman, Mrs. Luther Boericke, Mrs. Anna Bolter, Joseph C. BONDY, BERTHOLD Boomer, Dr. Paul BooRN, William C. Booth, Alfred Booth, George E. Borland, Mrs. Bruce Born, Moses Bosch, Charles Both, William C. Botts, Graeme G. Bourne, Ralph H. Bowen, Mrs. Louise De Kovbn BowEY, Mrs. Charles F. BoYACK, Harry Boyd, Thomas M. BoYDEN, Miss Ellen Webb Boyden, Miss Rosalie S. Boyden, Mrs. William C, Jr. Boynton, Mrs. C. T. boynton, f. p. Bradley, Mrs. Natalie Blair HiGINBOTHAM 334 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brand, Mrs. Edwin L., Jr. Brand, Mrs. Rudolph Brandes, a. G. Brandt, Charles H. Brassert, Herman A. Brauer, Mrs. Paul Braun, Mrs. Martha E. Breckinridge, Prof. S. P. Bremner, Mrs. David F. Brendecke, Miss June Brennan, Bernard G. Bridge, George S. Briggs, Mrs. Gertrude Brigham, Miss F. M. Brock, A. J, Brodribb, Lawrence C, Broome, Thornhill Brown, A. W. Brown, Benjamin R. Brown, Christy Brown, Dr. Edward M. Brown, George D. Brown, Mrs. George Dewes Brown, John T. Browne, Aldis J. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Brundage, Avery Bryant, John J., Jr. Buck, Guy R. Buck, Nelson Leroy BuDLONG, Joseph J. Buehler, Carl buehler, h. l. Buettner, Walter J. buffington, mrs. m. a. Buhmann, Gilbert G. Bullock, Carl C. Burkholder, Dr. J. F. Burley, Clarence A. Burnham, Mrs. E. BuRRY, Mrs. Willlam Busby, Leonard A. Bush, David D. Bush, Mrs. William H. Butler, Mrs. Hermon B. Butler, Paul Butler, Rush C. BuTZ, Herbert R. BuTZ, Robert O. BuTZ, Theodore C. BuTzow, Mrs. Robert C. BuzzELL, Edgar A. Byfield, Dr. Albert H, Cable, J. E. Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, Morton D. Caldwell, C. D. Caldwell, J. T. Cameron, Dr. Dan U. Cameron, John M. Cameron, W. J. Camp, Mrs. Arthur Royce Campbell, Delwin M. Campbell, Herbert J. Capes, Lawrence R. Capps, Dr. Joseph A. Caron, O. J. Carpenter, Frederic Ives Carpenter, George S. Carpenter, Hubbard Carpenter, Miss Rosalie S. Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carr, Edmund S. Carr, George R. Carr, Walter S. Carroll, John A. Carry, J. C. Carton, Alfred T. Cary, Dr. Eugene Case, Elmer G. Casey, Mrs. James J. Cassels, Edwin H. Cessna, Dr. Charles E. Chapin, Henry K. Chapin, Homer C. Chappell, Mrs. Charles H. Chase, Frank D. Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Cheever, Mrs. Arline V. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Chisholm, George D. Chislett, Dr. H. R. Chritton, George A. Churan, Charles A. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clark, Charles V. Clark, Miss Dorothy S. Clark, Edwin H. Clark, Dr. Peter S. Clarke, Charles F. Clarke, Fred L. Cleveland, Paul W. Clough, Willlam H. Clow, William E., Jr. Coburn, Mrs. Lewis L. Cody, Arthur B. Cohen, George B. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 335 Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis CoLBURN, Frederick S. Coleman, Adelbert E. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Loring W., Jr. Coleman, Wm. Ogden Colianni, Paul V. Collins, Willl\m M. CoLViN, Mrs. W. H., Sr. Combes, Mrs. Dora F. Compton, Frank E. Condon, Mrs. James G. Connor, F. H. Cook, Miss Alice B. Cooke, George Anderson Cooke, Leslie L. coolidge, e. c. Coombs, James F. coonley, j. s. CooNLEY, John Stuart, Jr. CooNLEY, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Corey, Chester CoRMACK, Charles V. Cornell, John E. COUNSELMAN, MRS. JENNIE E. Cowdery, Edward G. Cox, Mrs. Howard M. Cox, James A. Cox, James C. Cox, Mrs. Rensselaer W. Cragg, George L. Crane, Charles R. Cromer, Clarence E. Cromwell, Miss Juliette C. CuBBiNS, Dr. William R. Cud AH Y, Edward I. Culbertson, Dr. Carey Cunningham, John T. Curran, Harry R. Curtis, Augustus D. Curtis, John F. L. CusACK, Harold Gushing, John F. cushman, a. w. Cutting, Charles S. Dahlberg, Mrs. B. G. Daily, Richard Dakin, Dr. Frank C. Dashiell, C. R. Davey, Mrs. Bruce C. Davis, Abel Davis, C. S. Davis, Dr. Carl Davis, Frank S. Davis, Fred M. Davis, James Davis, James C. Davis, Dr. Nathan S., Ill Dawes, E. L. Dawes, Hentiy M. Day, Mrs. Mark L. Deagan, John C, Sr. Deahl, Uriah S. DeCosta, Lewis M. Dee, Thomas J. Deery, Thomas A., Jr. DeGolyer, Robert S. DeKoven, Mrs. John DeLang, Theodore O. DeLee, Dr. Joseph B. Dempster, Mrs. C. W. Deneen, Mrs. Charles S. Dennehy, T. C. Dennis, Charles H. Dent, George C. Deutsch, Joseph Deutsch, Mrs. Percy L. Deutsch, Samuel DeVries, David DeVries, Peter Dewes, Edwin P. Dick, Albert B., Jr. Dickey, Roy Dickinson, F. R. Dixon, Alan C. Dixon, Homer L. Dixon, William Warren Dobson, George Doctor, Isidor Doering, Otto C. DoERR, William P., Sr. Doetsch, Miss Anna Dole, Arthur, Sr. Donahue, Willl\m J. DoNLON, Mrs. S. E. Donnelley, Miss Eleanor Donnelley, Miss Naomi Donnelley, Mrs. R. R. Donnelly, Frank Donohue, Edgar T. Doud, Mrs. Levi B. Dreyfus, Moise Drummond, James J. Dudley. Laurence H. DuLANY, George W., Jr. DuLSKY, Mrs. Samuel Dunham, John H. Dunham, Miss Lucy Belle 336 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Dunham, Miss M. V. DuPEE, Mrs. F. Kennett DuRAND, Scott S. DuRBiN, Fletcher M, Dux, Joseph G. Easterberg, C, J. Eastman, Mrs. George H. Eastman, R. M. Eckhart, Percy B. Eckstein, H. G. Eckstein, Louis Eddy, Mrs. Arthur J. Eddy, George A. Eddy, Thomas H. Edwards, Miss Edith E. Egan, W. B. Ehrman, Edwin H. EiGER, Oscar S. Eisendrath, Robert M. ElSENDRATH, MrS. WILLIAM N. Elcock, Edward G. Elenbogen, Herman Ellbogen, Albert L. Elliott, Dr. Charles A. Elliott, Frank R. Ellis, Howard Ellsworth, Mrs. E. 0. Elting, Philip L. F. Ely, Mrs. C. Morse Engwall, John F. Epstein, Max Ericson, Melvin B. Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson, H. Ericsson, Walter H. Ernst, Mrs. Leo Erskine, Albert De Wolf Eustice, Alfred L. Evans, Mrs. David Evans, Hon. Evan A. Evans, Mrs. Grace Ross Ewell, C. D. Fabian, Francis G. Fabry, Herman Fader, A. L. Facet, James E. Fahrney, Ezra C. Fahrney, E. H. Faithorn, Walter E. Farnham, Mrs. Harry J. Farr, Newton Camp Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Farrell, Rev. Thomas F. Faulkner, Charles J., Jr. Faulkner, Miss Elizabeth Faurot, Henry, Sr. Faurot, Henry, Jr. Fay, Miss Agnes M. Fecke, Mrs. Frank J. Felix, Benjamin B. Fellows, W. K. Felton, S. M. Fentress, Calvin Ferguson, Charles W. Fernald, Charles Fernald, Robert W. Fetzer, Wade Filek, August Finn, Joseph M. Fish, Isaac Fisher, Mrs. Edward Metcalf Flavin, Edwin F., Sr. Flexner, Washington Florsheim, Milton S. Folds, Charles W. Foley, Rev. William M. Foote, Peter Foreman, Edwin G., Jr. Foreman, Harold E. Foreman, Henry G, Foreman, Oscar G. FoRESMAN, Mrs. W. Coates Forgan, Robert D. FoRMAN, Charles Foster, Stephen A. Foster, Volney Foster, Mrs. William C. Frank, Dr. Ira Frankenstein, W. B. Freedman, Dr. I. Val Freer, Archibald E. Frenier, a. B. Freunt), Charles E, Freund, I. H. Frey, Charles Daniel Fridstein, Meyer Friedlander, Jacob Friedman, Oscar J. Friestedt, Arthur A. Frisbie, Chauncey O. Frost, Mrs. Charles Fry, Henry T. Fuller, Mrs. Greeta Patterson Fuller, Judson M. Fuller, Leroy W. FuRST, Eduard a. Gabriel, Charles Gaertner, William Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 337 Gale, G. Whittier Gall, Harry T. Gallagher, Vincent G. Gallup, Rockwell Galvin, Wm. a. Garard, Elzy a. Garcla, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. Gardner, Addison L., Sr. Gardner, Addison L., Jr. Gardner, Mrs. James P. Gardner, Robert A. Garner, Harry J. Gary, Fred Elbert Gately, Ralph M. Gates, L. F. Gates, Philetus W. Gatzert, August Gawnb, Miss Clara J. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gaylord, Duane W. Gehl, Dr. William H. George, Fred W. Gerngross, Mrs. Leo Gerts, Walter S. Getzoff, E. B. Gibbons, John W. GiBBs, Dr. John Phillip Gilbert, Miss Clara C. Giles, Carl C. GiLLMAN, Morris Gillson, Louis K. GiNTHER, Miss Minnie C. GiRARD, Mrs. Anna Glasner, Rudolph W. Glore, Charles F. Goedke, Chas. F. Goehst, Mrs. John Henry Golden, Dr. Isaac J. K. Goldenberg, Sidney D. GoLDY, Walter I. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, Mrs. Herbert E. Goodman, Mrs. Kenneth S. Goodman, Milton F. Goodman, William E. GooDROw, William Goodspeed, Mrs, W. F. Goodwin, Hon. Clarence Norton Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorman, George E. GosHERT, J. Fred Goss, Charles O. Gottfried, C. M. gottschalk, gustav h, Gradle, Dr. Harry S. Graf, Robert J. Graham, Douglas Gramm, Mrs. Helen Granger, Alfred Graves, Howard B. Green, Zola C. Greenberg, Andrew H. Greene, Charles F. Greenebaum, James E. Greenebaum, M. E., Jr. Greenlee, James A. Greenspelder, Dr. Louis A. Gregory, Clifford V. Gregory, Stephen S., Jr. Gregson, William L. Grey, Charles F. Grey, Dr. Dorothy Grey, Howard G. Grey, Walter Clark Griffith, Enoch L. Griffiths, George W. Griffiths, John Grimm, Walter H. Griswold, Harold T, Grizzard, James A. Gronkowski, Rev. C. I. Gross, Mrs. Emily Grossman, Frank I. Grotowski, Dr. Leon Grulee, Lowry K. GuENZEL, Louis Gulbransen, Axel G. Gulick, John H. Gundlach, Ernest T. GuNTHORP, Walter J. GwiNN, William R. Haas, Maurice Haas, Dr. Raoul Hadley, Mrs. Edwin M. Hagen, Mrs. Daise Haggard, John D. Hagner, Fred L. Haight, George I. Hair, T. R. Haldeman, Walter S. Hale, Mrs. Samuel Hale, William B. Hall, David W. Hall, Mrs. J. B. Hallmann, August F. Halperin, Aaron Hamill, Charles H. Hamill, Robert W. 338 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Hamlin, Paul D. Hamm, Edward F. Hammitt, Miss Frances M. Hanley, Henry L, Hansen, Jacob W. Hanson, James L. Harbison, L. C. Hardie, George F. Hardin, John H. Harding, G. F. Harding, Richard T. Hardinge, Franklin Harper, Alfred C. Harris, Gordon L. Hart, Mrs. Herbert L. Hart, William N. Hartshorn, Kenneth L. Hart well, Fred G. Harvey, Richard M. Harwood, Thomas W. Haskell, Mrs. George E. Havens, Samuel M. Healy, Mrs. Marquette A. Heaney, Dr. N. Sproat Heaton, Herman C. Heberlein, Miss Amanda F. Hecht, F. a., Jr. Hegg, Miss Anna Heiman, Marcus Heine, Mrs. Albert Heineman, Oscar Heller, Albert Heller, Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Henley, Eugene H. Henry, Otto Henshaw, Mrs. Raymond S. Herrick, Miss Louise Herrick, W. D. Herron, James C. Herwig, George Herwig, William D., Jr. Hess, Mrs. Charles Wilbur Hettler, Herman H. Heun, Arthur Heyworth, Mrs. James O. Hibbard, Mrs. Angus S. Hibbard, Mrs. W. G. HiGGiNS, John Higgins, John W. HiGINBOTHAM, HARLOW N. Higley, Mrs. Charles W. HiLDEBRAND, EUGENE, Jr. HiLDEBRAND, GRANT M. Hill, William E. Hillbrecht, Herbert E. HiLLE, Dr. Hermann HiNRiCHs, Henry, Jr. Hinsberg, Stanley K, Hinton, E. W. Hird, Frederick H. Hirsch, Jackson H. Histed, J. Roland Hixon, Robert HOELSCHER, Herman M. Hoffmann, Miss Caroline Dickinson Hoffman, Edward Hempstead Hogan, Robert E. HoiER, William V. Holden, Edward A. HoLLis, Henry L. Holmes, Miss Harriet F. HoNSiK, Mrs. James M. Hoover, F. E. Hoover, Frank K. Hoover, Mrs. Fred W. Hoover, H. Earl Hoover, Ray P. Hope, Alfred S. Hopkins, Farley Hopkins, John L. Horan, Dennis A. HoRCHER, William W. HoRST, Curt A. HoRTON, George T. HoRTON, Horace B. HosBEiN, Louis H. Hosmer, Philip Houghteling, Miss Harriot P. Howard, Harold A. Howard, Willis G. Howe, Charles Arthur Howe, Warren D. Howe, William G. Howell, Albert S. Howell, William HowsE, Richard Hudson, Mrs. H. Newton Hudson, William E. Huey, Mrs. Arthur S. Huff, Thomas D. Hughes, John E. Hulbert, Mrs. Milan H. Hume, John T. Hunter, Samuel M, HuRD, N. L. Hurley, Edward N., Sr. Huston, Ward T. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVCRSiTV CF ILLiNOlS Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. VII, Plate XL V «r%^^-^ »-^ «^ -«- EXCAVATING A SKELETON OF THE GREAT GROUND SLOTH (Megatherium Americanum) Rio Quequen Salada, Argentina, South America Captain Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, 1925-7 Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 339 HuTCHiNS, James C. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. Hynes, Rev. J. A. ICKES, Raymond ILG, Robert A. Inlander, Samuel ISHAM, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E. Jackson, Allan Jackson, W. J. Jacobi, Miss Emily Jacobs, Hyman A. Jacobs, Siegfried T. Jaffray, Mrs. David S., Jr. James, Edward P. James, William R. Janusch, Fred W. Jarratt, Mrs. Walter J. JEFFERY, Mrs. Thomas B. Jenkins, Mrs. John E. Jenks, R. William Shippen Jennings, Ode D. Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David JiRKA, Dr. Frank J. Jirka, Dr. Robert Johnsen, Charles Johnson, Albert M. Johnson, Alfred Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Arthur L. Johnson, Joseph F. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnston, Arthur C. Johnstone, George A. Johnstone, Dr. Mary M. S. Jones, Albert G. Jones, Fred B. Jones, G. H. Jones, James B. Jones, Melvin Jones, Warren G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Joyce, David G. Joyce, Joseph Judah, Noble Brandon Juergens, H. Paul Juergens, Wm. F. Junkunc, Stephen Kahn, Gus Kahn, Louis Kaine, Col. James B. Kalacinski, Mrs. Felix Kane, Jerome M. Kaplan, Nathan D. Karpen, Adolph Kaspar, Otto Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Kavanagh, Maurice F. Keehn, George W. Keeney. a. F. Kehl, Robert Joseph Keith, Stanley Kellogg, John L. Kellogg, Mrs. M. G. Kelly, James J. Kemp, Mrs. E. M. Kempner, Harry B. Kempner, Stan Kern, Trude Kbsner, Jacob L. Kilbourne, L. B. Kimbark, Mrs. Eugene Under- wood Kimbark, John R. Kinsey, Frank KiNTZEL, Richard KiRCHER, Rev. Julius KiTTREDGE, R. J. Klee, Nathan Klein, Henry A. Klein, Mrs. Samuel Kline, Sol Klinetop, Mrs. Charles W. Klink, a. F. Knutson, G. H. KocHS, Mrs. Robert T. Kohl, Mrs. Caroline L. KoHLER, Eric L. KoPF, William P. KoTAL, John A. Kraft, C. H. Kraft, James L. Kraft. Norman Kralovec, Emil G. Kramer, Leroy Kraus, Peter J. Krause, John J. Kretschmer, Dr. Herman L. Kretzinger, George W., Jr. Kroehl, Howard Krohmer, William F. Krost, Dr. Gerard N. Krueger, Leopold A. Krutckoff, Charles KuH, Mrs. Edwin J., Jr. 340 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. Vll KuHN, Frederick KuRTzoN, Morris Lackowski, Frank E. Laplin, Mrs. Louis E. Laflin, Louis E., Jr. LaGuske, Mrs. Chester Lampert, Mrs. Lydia Lanahan, Mrs. M. J, Landry, Alvar A. Lane, F. Howard Lane, Ray E. Lane, Wallace R. Langland, James Larimer, Howard S. Larson, Bror O. Lasker, Albert D. Lauren, Newton B. Lauritzen, cm. Lautmann, Herbert M. Lawson, a. J. Laylander, O. J. Leahy, Thomas F. Learned, Edwin J. Lebbnsohn, Dr. Mayer H. Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lepens, Miss Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. Legge, Alexander Lehmann, Miss Augusta E. Leichenko, Peter M. Leistner, Oscar LeMoon, a. R. Lenz, J. Mayo Leonard, Arthur G. Leonard, Arthur T. Leslie, John H. Letts, Mrs. Frank C. Levan, Rev. Thomas F. Leverone, Louis E. Levinson, Mrs. Salmon O. Levitan, Benjamin Levy, Alexander M. Lewis, David R. Lewis, Fay J. Lewy, Dr. Alfred Lichtstern, Adolph J. Liebman, a. J. LiNDENBERG, ALBERT Lindheimer, B. F. Lindholm, Charles V. LiNGLE, Bowman C. LiPMAN, Robert R. Liss, Samuel Littler, Harry E., Jr. Livingston, Julian M. Livingston, Mrs. Milton L, Llewellyn, Paul Llewellyn, Mrs. S. J. Lloyd, Edward W. Lloyd, William Bross LoBDELL, Mrs. Edwin L. LoEB, Hamilton M. LoESCH, Frank J. LOEWENBERG, I. S. LOEWENBERG, M. L. LOEWENSTEIN, SIDNEY LOEWENTHAL, RiCHARD J. Logan, John I. Long, William E. Lord, Arthur R. Lord, Mrs. Russell LoucKS, Charles O. Love, Chase W. Lovell, William H. Lovgren, Carl LowNiK, Dr. Felix J. LucEY, Patrick J. Ludington, Nelson J. LuEDER, Arthur C. LuPKiN, Wallace W. LURIE, H. J. Lutter, Henry J., Sr. Lydon, Mrs. William A. Lyford, Harry B. Lyford, William H. Lynne, Mrs. Archibald Lyon, Charles H. Lyon, Frank R. Lyon, Mrs. Thomas R. Maass, J. Edward MacCardle, H. B. Mackinson, Dr. John C. MacLeish, John E. MacRae, Thaddeus B. Madlener, Mrs. Albert F. Magan, Miss Jane A. Magee, Henry W. Magnus, August C. Magwire, Mrs. Mary F. Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Malone, Willlam H. Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Mandel, Mrs. Babette F. Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Mrs. Frederick Manierre, Francis E. Manierre, Louis Mann, Albert C. ■i^^. (i"^, Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 341 Mann, John P. Mansure, Edmund L. Marhoefer, Edward H. Mariner. W. E. Mark, Anson Marquis, A. N. Mars, G. C. Martin, Mrs. Franklin H. Martin, W. B. Martin, Wells Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Willard J. Masses, B. A. Massey, Peter J. Matthiessen, Frank Matz, Mrs. Rudolph Mauran, Charles S. Mauritzen, H. a. Mayer, Isaac H. McAuley, John E. McBride, Mrs. Walter J. McCarthy, Edmond J. McCarthy, Joseph W. McClellan, Dr. John H. McCluer, W. B. McCoRD, Downer McCormick, Mrs. Alexander A. McCoRMiCK, Mrs. Chauncey McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus, Jr. McCormick, Howard, H. McCormick, L. Hamilton McCormick, Leander J. McCormick, Robert H., Jr. McCracken, Miss Willietta McDougal, Mrs. James B. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McErlean, Charles V. McHugh, Mrs. Grover MclNTOsH, Arthur T. McKay, James M. McKeever, Buel McLaury, Walker G. McLennan, Mrs. John A. McMillan, Comm. John McMillan, W. B. McNai \ra, Louis G. McNulty, Joseph D. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Melchione, Joseph Merrill, Henry S. Merz, Edward E. Metz, Dr. a. R, Meyer, Abraham Meyer, Abraham W. Meyer, Albert Meyer, Carl Meyer, E. F. Meyer, Oscar Meyercord, G. R. Midowicz, C. E. Milhening, Frank Milhening, Joseph Millard, Frank H. Miller, Charles B. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Darius Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Jr. Miller, Dr. Joseph L. Miller, Walter F. Mills, Allen G. Mills, John, Sr. Miner, Dr. Carl Miner, H. J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Oliver Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar moderwell, c. m. Moeller, Rev. Herman H. MoFPATT, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Mohr, Albert MOHR, Wm. J. MoLLOY, David J. Monheimer, Henry I. Monroe, Willlam S. Moody, Mrs. Wiluam Vaughn Moore, Philip Wyatt Moos, Joseph B. MoRAN, Miss Margaret MoRAND, Simon J. MoREY, Charles W. Morgan, Alden K. Morgan, Mrs. Kendrick E. Morrill, Nahum Morris, Edward H. Morris, F. C. Morris, Mrs. Seymour Morrison, Mrs. Charles E. Morrison, James C. Morrison, Matthew A. MoRRissoN, James W. Morse, Robert H. Morton, Sterling Moses, Howard Moss, Jerome A. MouAT, Andrew MowRY, Louis C. Mudge, Mrs. John B. MUEHLSTEIN, MRS. CHARLES Mueller, A. M. 342 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Mueller, Paul H. mulholand, willlam h. Murphy, Robert E. Murphy, Walter P. Nason, Albert J. Neely, Miss Carrie Blair Nehls, Arthur L. Nellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Edward A. Nelson, Frank G. Nelson, Nils A. Nelson, N. J. Nelson, Mrs. Oliver R. Neu, Clarence L. Newhall, R. Frank Nichols, George P. Nichols, Mrs. George R. Nichols, Mrs. George R., Jr. Nichols, J. C. Nichols, S. F. Nicholson, Thomas G. Noble, Orlando NoELLE, Joseph B. NooNAN, Edward J. NoRCROSs, Frederic F. NoRRis, Mrs. Lester Norton, R. H. Novak, Charles J. NoYES, Daved a. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert Oberfelder, Herbert M. Oberfelder, Walter S. O'Brien, Frank J. O'Callaghan, Edward Odell, William R. O'Donnell, Miss Rose Offield, James R. O'Keefe, Mrs. Dennis D. Oldefest, Edward G. Oliver, F. S. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Olsen, Gustaf Omo, Don L. Oppenheimer, Mrs. Harry D. Oppenheimer, Julius Orndoff, Dr. Benjamin H. O'Rourke, Albert Orthal, a. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osborn, Theodore L. Ostrom, Charles S. Otis, Miss Emily H. Otis, J. Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Joseph Edward, Jr. Otis, R. C. Otis, Raymond Otis, Stuart H. Ouska, John A. Paasche, Jens A. Pace, J. Madison Paepcke, Mrs. Elizabeth J. Paepcke, Walter P. Page-Wood, Gerald Pardridge, Albert J. Pardridge, Mrs. E. W. Parker, Frank B. Parker, Woodruff J. Parks, C. R. Paschen, Mrs. Annette A. Paschen, Mrs. Henry Patrick, Miss Catherine Patrick, Dr. Hugh T. Pauling, Edward G. Peabody, Howard B. Peabody, Stuyvesant Peabody, Miss Susan W. Peacock, Robert E. Peacock, Walter C. Pearse, Langdon Pearson, F. W. Pearson, George Albert, Jr. Pelley, John J. Peltier, M. F. Pen Dell, Charles W. Perkins, A. T. Perkins, Mrs. Herbert F. Perry, Dr. Ethel B. Perry, I. Newton Peterkin, Daniel Peters, Harry A. Petersen, Dr. Willla.m F. Peterson, Alexander B. Peterson, Jurgen Petru, E. J. Pflaum, a. J. Pflock, Dr. John J. Phemister, Dr. D. B. Phillip, Peter Phillips, Montagu Austin, (N.R.). Picher, Mrs. Oliver S. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pierce, Paul PioTRowsKi, Nicholas L. PiRiE, Mrs. John T. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 343 Platt, Henry Russell Polk, Mrs. Stella F. Pollock, Dr. Harry L. PoMEROY, Mrs. Frank W. Pond, Irving K. Pool, Marvin B. Poole, Mrs. Frederick Arthur Poole, George A. Poor, Fred A. Poor, Mrs. Fred A. Pope, Frank Pope, Henry, Sr. Pope, Herbert Poppenhagen, Henry Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, James F. Post, Gordon W. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Powell, Mrs. Ambrose V. Powell, Isaac N. Prahl Frederick A. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Leonard M. Prussing, Mrs. George C. PusEY, Dr. William Allen Quinlan, Charles Shepard Quinlan, Dr. William W. Radau, Hugo Raftree, Miss Julia M. Randle, Hanson F. Rasmussen, George Reade, William A. Redington, F. B. Redington, Mrs. W. H. Reed, Kersey Coates Reed, Norris H. Regensteiner, Theodore Regnery, William H. Rehm, Frank A. Rehm, William H. Reich, Miss Annie Reid, Mrs. Bryan Reiter, Joseph J. Renwick, Edward A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Arthur Rice, Arthur L. Rice, George L. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Edward P. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Richter, Bruno RiCKETTS, C. Lindsay Riddle, Herbert H. RiDGEWAY, E. RiDGWAY, William Riemenschneider, Mrs. J. H. RiETz, Elmer W. RiGNEY, William T. RiNALDO, Philip S. Ripley, Robert H. Riser, John A. Ritman, Hyman B. Rittenhouse, Chas. J. Roach, Charles Roberts, Clark T. Roberts, John M. Roberts, S. M. Roberts, William Munsell Robertson, William Robinson, Mrs. Milton E., Sr. Robson, Mrs. Sarah C. Roche, Miss Emily Rockwell, Harold H. Roderick, Solomon P. Rodgers, Dr. David C. Roehling, C. E. Roehling, Mrs. Otto G. Roehm, George R. Rogers, Bernard F. Rogers, Dr. Cassius C. RoMER, Miss Dagmar E. Rosenfield, Mrs. Maurice Rosenthal, James Rosenthal, Lessing Ross, Thompson Ross, Walter S. Roth, Aaron Rothacker, Watterson R. Rothschild, George W. Rothschild, Maurice L. Rothschild, Melville N. Rowe, Edgar C. Rozelle, Mrs. Emma Rubovits, Toby Rueckheim, F. W. Russell, Dr. J. W. Rutledge, George E, Ryerson, Edward L., Jr. Ryerson, Joseph T. Salisbury, Mrs. Warren M. Sammons, Wheeler Sargent, John R. W. Sargent, Ralph Sauter, Fred J. Sauter, Leonard J. 344 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII ScHACHT, John H. ScHAFFER, Dr. David N. SCHAFFNER, MRS. JOSEPH SCHAFFNER, ROBERT C. SCHERMERHORN, W. I. ScHLAKE, William Schmidt, Dr. Charles L. ScHMiTZ, Dr. Henry ScHMiTZ, Nicholas J. ScHMUTZ, Mrs. Anna ScHNERiNG, Otto Y. ScHNUR, Ruth A. SCHOELLKOPF, HENRY SCHROEDER, Dr. GEORGB H. Schukraft, William schulman, a. s. Schulze, Willlam Schuyler, Mrs. Daniel J., Jr. Schwartz, Charles K. Schwartz, Charles P. ScHWARZ, Herbert Schwarzhaupt, Emil Scott, Frank H. Scott, Robert L. Seabury, Charles W. Seaman, George M, Sears, J. Alden Seaver, a. E. See, Dr. Agnes Chester Seeburg, Justus P. Seip, Emil G. Seipp, Clarence T. Seipp, Edwin A. Seipp, Willlam C. Sello, George W. Sencenbaugh, Mrs. G. W. Seng, Frank J. Seng, J. T. Shaffer, Carroll Shaffer, Charles B. Shambaugh, Dr. George E. Shannon, Angus R. Shapiro, Meyer Sharp, William N. Sharpe, N. M. Shaw, Alfred P. Shaw, Mrs. Howard Shaw, Theodore A. Sheehy, Edward Shelton, Dr. W. Eugene Shepherd, Mrs. Edith P. Sheridan, Albert D. Shillestad, John N. Shire, Moses E. Shockey, Mrs. Willis G. Shoup, a. D. Shumway, Mrs. Edward De Witt Shumway, p. R. Shutz, Albert E. SiGMAN, Leon SiLANDER, A. I. Silberman, Charles Silberman, David B. Silberman, Hubert S. SiLVERTHORNE, GEO. M. SiMONDS, J. p. Simonds, O. C. SiMONEK, Dr. B. K. Sincere, Benjamin Sinclair, Dr. J. Frank Singer, Mrs. Mortimer H. Smith, Mrs. Frank S. Smith, Franklin P. Smith, Harold Byron Smith, Jens Smith, Jesse E, Smith, Mrs. Katherinb Walker Smith, Samuel K. Smith, Mrs. Theodore White Smith, Walter Byron Smith, Mrs. Willlam A. Smith, Z. Erol Smullan, Alexander Smulski, J. F. Snow, Edgar M. Solem, Dr. George O. Somerville, Robert Sommer, Adam SONNENSCHEIN, EDWARD Sonnenschein, Dr. Robert SoPER, Henry M. SoRAviA, Joseph SoRENSEN, James Spindler, Oscar Spitz, Joel Spoor, Mrs. John A. Steffens, Ralph Sutherland Steffey, David R. Stein, Benjamin F. Stein, Dr. Irving Stein, L. Montefiorb Stein, Samuel M. Stein, Mrs. Setia H. Stein, Willlam D. Stephens, W. C. Sterba, Dr. Joseph V. Stern, Alfred WAital Stern, David B. Stern, Oscar D. Stevens, Delmar A. I 4 Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 345 Stevens, Edward J. Stevens, Elmer T. Stevens, Eugene M. Stevens, Harold L. Stevens, James W. Stevens, Mrs. James W. Stevens, R. G. Stevens, Raymond W. Stevenson, Dr. Alexander F. Stevenson, E. Stewart, Miss Agnes N. Stewart, Miss Eglantine Daisy Stewart, Miss M. Graeme Stirling, Miss Dorothy Straus, David Straus, Martin L. Straus, S. J. T. Strauss, Henry X. Street, Mrs. Charles A. Strobel Charles L. Stromberg, Charles J. Strong, Walter A. Strotz, Harold C. Sturges, Hollister Sturges, Solomon Sturtevant, Henry D. SuEKOFF, Louis A. Sullivan, Mrs. Roger C. Sulzberger, Frank L. SuTCLiFFE, Mrs. Gary Sutherland, William Swan, Oscar H. SwANSON, Joseph E. Swartchild, Edward G. swartchild, willlam g. Swift, Alden B. Swift, Edward F., Jr. Taft, John H. Tarrant, Robert Taylor, George Halleck Templeton, Stuart J. Templeton, Walter L. Tenney, Horace Kent Teter, Lucius Theobold, Dr. John J. Thomas Edward H. Thomas, Emmet A. Thomas, Frank W. Thomas, Dr. William A. Thompson, Charles F. Thompson, D. P. Thompson, Edward F. Thompson, John R., Jr. Thompson, Mrs. Leverett Thompson, Thomas W. Thorne, George A. Thorne, Hallett W. Thorne, James W. Thornton, Charles S. Thornton, Dr. Francis E. Thorp, Harry W. Thresher, C. J. Thulin, F. a. Tilt, Charles A. ToBLAS, Clayton H. Touchstone, John Henry TowLE, Leroy C. TowLER, Kenneth F. Towne, Mrs. Arthur F. Towne, Mrs. John D. G. Trainer, J. Milton Traylor, Mrs. Dorothy J. Tredwell, John Trench, Mrs. Daniel G. Tripp, Chester D. Trombly, Dr. F. F. Trude, Mrs. Mark W. Turner, Alfred M. Turner, Mrs. Charlton A. Turner, Tracy L. Tuttle, Henry Emerson Tyler, Albert S. Tyler, Orson K. Uhlmann, Fred Upham, Mrs. Frederic Valentine, Joseph L. Valentine, Mrs. May L, Valentine, Patrick A. VanCleef, Paul VanDeventer, Christopher VanNess, Gardiner B. VanSchaick, Gerard VanZwoll, Henry B. Veeder, Miss Jessie Vehon, Morris Vehon, William H. Victor, Mrs. Jessie K. 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Alling, Mrs. Van Wagenen" Almes, Dr. Herman E. Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. Alton, Carol W. Amidon, Alfred T, Anderson, 0. Helge Andrews, Dr. Albert H. Armstrong, Mrs. Julian Arnold, O. L. Artingstall, Samuel G., Jr. Ayres, Harry M. Bailey, Mrs. Edward W. Baker, Francis S. Barnes, Mrs. Charles Osborne Barnum, Harry H. Barry, Edward C. Bass, John F. Baumrucker, Charles F. Bautz, Robert A. Beach, E. Chandler Beatty, Lester A. Becker, Mrs. A. G. Benjamin, Jack A. Berend, George F. Bernstein, Fred Berryman, John B. Bertschinger, Dr. C. F. Beven, J. L. BiNGA, Jesse Blackburn, Oliver A. Blair, Chauncey B. Blair, Samuel Blair, Wolcott Blake, William J. Blomgren, Dr. Walter L, Blount, Frederick M. Blumenthal, Oscar Bluthardt, Edwin Bode, Willl^m F. Boettcher, Arthur H. Bohasseck, Charles BoHN, Mrs. Bertha Bowlby BOKUM, Norris H. BOSLEY, M. E. boynton, a. j. Bradford, Ralph B. Brenza, Miss Mary Brown, Charles A. Brown, Kenneth C. Bullock, Mrs. James E. 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Jr. Dickinson, Theodore Dodge, O. V. Donnelly, Chris J. Dormand, W. L. Douglass, Kingman Douglass, William A. Dowdle, John J. Dreiskb, George J. DuBow, Jacob A. DuGAN, Alphonso G. Duncan, Albert G. DuNER, Joseph A. Dunham, Robert J. Dunn, Samuel O. Dunn, W. Frank Dyche, William A. Edmonds, Harry C. Edwards, Kenneth P. Eisenstaedt, Harry Eisenstein, Sol Eitel, Max Ellingsen, E. Elting, Howard Elworthy, Robert S. Felsenthal, Edward George Feltman, Charles H. Fergus, Robert C. Ferguson, William H. Fetcher, Edwin S. Fisher, George P. Fisher, Hon. Harry M. Fisher, Walter L. Flesch, Eugene W. P. Follansbee, Mitchell D. Foster, Mrs. Charles K. Frank, Jerome N. French, Dudley K. Fulton, Frank D. Furry, William S. Gall, Charles H. Gallagher, Mrs. M. F. Gardner, Henry A. Garraway, S. G. Gaw, George T. Gay, Dr. Robert J. Gear, H. B. Gilchrist, Mrs. William A. Gilmer, Dr. Thomas L. Glaser, Edward L, Glenn, Mrs. J. M. Click, Harry GoLDSTiNE, Dr. Mark T. Goode, Rowland T. gooden, g. e. Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Leslie S. Grant, James D. Grant, John G. Graver, James P. Gray, Rev. James M. Green, J. B. Greenlee, Mrs. William Brooks Grotenhuis, Mrs. Willlam J. Gustafson, John C. Hagen, Fred J. Haigh, Albert E. Hajicek, Rudolph F. Hall, Edgar A., Jr. Hamilton, Thomas B. Hand, George W. Hanson, Mrs. Burton Hardy, Miss Marjorie Hart, Gilbert I Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 349 Hartmann, a. O. Hattstaedt, William O. J. Haugan, O. H. Hedberg, Henry E. Heidke, Herman L. Heinemann, Earl Helfrich, J. Howard Henderson, Dr. Elmer E. Henderson, Thomas B. G. Henkel, Frederick W. Henry, Huntington B. Herrick, Charles E. Hershey, J. Clarence Hewitt, Mrs. Charles M. Hill, Mrs. Lysander Hill, Mrs. Russell D. Hill, Samuel B. HiMROD, Mrs. Frank W. Hines, J. W. Hintz, John C. Hodgkins, Mrs. W. L. Hogan, Frank Hohman, Dr. E. H. Holmes, George J. Holmes, William N. Horner, Dr. David A, HoRNUNG, John C. Hotchkiss, Miles E. Hottinger, Adolph Hoyne, Frank C. HoYT, Mrs. Phelps B. Hubbard, George W. Hughes, John W. Huncke, O. W. Ingeman, Lyle S. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Jackson, Archer L. Jaffe, Dr. Herman Jenkins, David F. D. Jerrems, Mrs. D. Edwin Johnson, Arthur Johnson, Chester H. Johnson, Isaac Horton Johnson, Theodore H. Johnstone, Dr. A. Ralph Jones, W. Clyde Karpen, Michael Kavanagh, Clarence H. Keene, Mrs. Joseph Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kelly, D. F. Kendall, Mrs. Virginia H. Kennedy, David E. Kleinpell, Dr. Henry H. Koch, Louis G. KoHLSAAT, Edward C. KoMiss, David S. Kopp, Gustave Kortzeborn, Jacob E. Kraus, Samuel Kretske, Abel B. Kuehlhorn, Arnold A. KuRZ, Dr. Henry G. LaChance, Mrs. Leander H, Lang, Edward J. Langston, Tony Lathrop, Gardiner Lawless, Benjamin W. Lawrence, W. J. Lee, Mrs. John H. S. Leight, Albert E. LiNDQUIST, J. E. Linton, Benjamin B. Llewellyn, Mrs. John T. lockwood, w. s. Loeb, Mrs. A. H. LoEB, Leo A. Loewenthal, Mrs. Julius W. Lord, Harry J. LouER, Albert S. Lynch, William Joseph MacLeish, Mrs. Andrew Magill, Robert M. Mallinson, Edwin Manley, John A. Marcus, Maurice S. Marcy, George E. Markman, S. K. Marriott, Abraham R. Martin, Samuel H. Mathias, Lee D. Mayer, Oscar F., Sr. McCarthy, James I. McCaughey, Frank J. McCormack, Prof. Harry McCrea, W. S. McDivitt, Herbert J. McIntosh, Mrs. Walter G. McIver, Dana T. McMenemy, L. T. McVoy, John M. Meerhoff, Dr. Charles E. Melnick, Leopold B. Miles, Mrs. Ethel Edmunds 350 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Miller, John J. Miller, Mrs. Olive Beaupre MiNOTTO, Mrs. James Mitchell, George F. Mitchell, John J., Jr. Mitchell, Mrs. John J., Jr. MoHR, Edward Mohr, Miss Harriet Moist, Mrs. S. E. Monaghan, Thomas H. Morse, Mrs. Charles J. Murphy, John P. V. Nadler, Dr. Walter H. Nathan, Claude Nebel, Herman C. Neilson, Mrs. Francis Neuffer, Paul A. Newhouse, Karl Niemann, Fred W. NOYES, A. H. O'Connor, Mrs. John R. O'Neil, John P. Oppenheimer, Alfred Packer, Charles Swasey Parker, Dr. Gaston C. Parker, Dr. Ralph W. Parkinson, Robert H. Parmelee, Dr. A. H. Partridge, Lloyd C. Payne, Arthur W. Peck, Dr. David B. Peterson, Arthur J. Peterson, Axel A. Peterson, Mrs. Bertha I. Phelps, Mrs. W. L. Pierce, Mrs. Frank E. Pierce, J. Norman Piszatowski, Edward B. Pitcher, Mrs. Henry L. Plunkett, William H. Pole, James S. Post, Frederick, Jr. Press, Mrs. Jacob H. Pritzker, I. L. Prothero, Dr. James H. PsoTA, Dr. Frank J. Puckey, F. W. Purcell, J. D. PuRDY, Sparrow E. Putnam, Miss Mabel C. Randall, Irving Rathje, William J. Rayner, Arnold P. Rea, Dr. Albbrtine L. Reinhardt, S. Louis, Jr. Rellihen, Edwin G. Rentner, Otto C. Rich, Elmer Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George Richardson, Guy A. RiCKCORDs, Francis RiES, Dr. Emil Rinder, E. W. Robbins, Henry S. RoBBiNS, Percy A. Roessler, Carl C. Rosenthal, Kurt Rothschild, Justin Routh, George D., Jr. Rutherford, John J. Ryerson, Donald M. Sanborn, E. W. Sawyer, Dr. Alvah L. Scheunemann, Robt. G. Schireson, Dr. Henry J. Schlitt, Herman J. ScHOLL, Dr. William M. Schulze, Mrs. Mathilde Scott, E. H. Scribner, Gilbert Shattuck, Walter F. Shaw, Andrew H. Sheldon, James M. Sills, Clarence W. Sincere, Charles Skooglund, David Slader, Thomas Smith, Walter Bourne Smithies, Dr. Frank SONNEVELD, JACOB, SR. Spalding, Mrs. Charles F. Sperling, Samuel Stearns, Mrs. Richard I. Stebbins, Fred J. Stockton, Eugene M. Strandberg, Eric P. Sutton, Harold I. Taylor, Charles Cortland Teed, Frank B. Teninga, Cornelius Thompson, C. E. Thompson, Mrs. Charles Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 351 Thompson, Fred L. TiLDEN, Mrs. Edward TiLDEN, Louis Edward TiMBERLAKE, MRS. THOMAS M. TiTZEL, Dr. W. R. TooLEN, Clarence A. TORBET, A. W. Trude, Hon. Daniel P. Tucker, S. A. Turner, Dr. B. S. tuttle, f. b. Ulrich, Perry Valentine, Stephen Vehon, Simon Henry Voss, Adolph G. Sr. Walker, Edgar H. Ward, Miss Marjorie Ware, Mrs. Charles W. Washburne, Hempstead, Jr. Washington, Laurence W. Watson, Miss Mina M. Webster, Dr. Ralph W. Wecker, Walter A. Weil, David Maxwell Weinhoeber, George V. Weis, S. W. Wells, Harry L. Welter, John N. Werth, a. Herman White, Selden Freeman Whiting, Laurence H. Wilder, John E. Williams, J. M. Wilson, Morris Karl Windsor, H. H., Jr. Wolf, Mrs. Albert H. Wood, Kay, Jr. YoNKERS, Edward H, Zerler, Charles F. ZiELiNSKi, Theodore J. Deceased, 1927 Cowles, Thomas H. Darling, Charles Roche, Martin Rueckheim, Louis ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $1 annually to the Museum Aagaard, Walter S., Jr. Aaron, Ely M. Abbott, Edwin H. Abbott, Guy H. Abbott, Mrs. Katherine M. Abbott, Dr. W. R. Abel, Harry Abel, William H. Abell, Miss I^ily Carolyn Abells, Col. H. D. Abney, M. D. Aborn, E. a. Abrahamson, John Abrams, Hyman B, Abt, Hugo A. F. Abt, Dr. Isaac A. Abt, Mrs. J. J. AcKERT, Mrs. Charles H. Adams, Albert S. Adams, C. E. B. Adams, Cyrus H., Jr. Adams, David Adams, Ernest E. Adams, Frank R. Adams, Mrs. Henry T. Adams, J. Kirk Adams, John Q. Adams, M. G. Adams, Miss M. Joice Adams, Myron E. Adams, Samuel P. Adams, Mrs. W. T. Addams, Miss Jane Adler, Dr. Herman M. O. Adler, Leo Affleck, Benjamin F. Ahlborn, Frank H. Ahnfelt, John Aiken, Mrs. Robert J. AiLES, Adrian S. 352 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII AisHTON, Richard A. Albers, Dr. Edgar H. Alcorn, William R. Alden, W. T, Aldrich, Frederick C. Alexander, Franklin E. Alford, O. p. Allais, Arthur L. Allen, Dr. A. V. Allen, Amos G. Allen, Augustus C. Allen, Harry W. Allen, J. B. Allen, John D. Allen Philip S. Allensworth, a. p. Allman, George D. Alschuler, Hon. Samuel Altman, Robert M. Alton, Mrs. Jesse B. Amberg, J. Ward Andel, John Anderson, Mrs. A. S. Anderson, Mrs. Adele Anderson, B. G. Anderson, Benjamin N. Anderson, Brooke Anderson, David G. Anderson, John Arthur Anderson, John E. Anderson, Norman K. Andreen, Otto C. Andrews, Dr. Benjamin F. Andrews, Dr. Edmund Anoff, Isidor S. Anthony, Charles E. Anthony, Joseph R. Antonow, Samuel L. Antrim, Mrs. Elbert M. Arbuckle, Mrs. G. S. Arens, Dr. Robert A. Arms, Herbert C. Armstrong, Edward E. Armstrong, Mrs. Katherine Arn, W. G. Arnold, Mrs. DeWitt R. Arnold, Francis M, Arnold, Mrs. Hugo F. Arnold, Marshall Arquette, George L. Arthur, George E. AscHER, Nathan Ashcraft, Edwin M., Jr. ashcraft, r. m. AsMA, Dr. F. M. Atkeisson, Dr. J. E. H. Atkinson, Charles T. Auble, Wilson C. Aubry, Numa G. Austin, M. B. Austin, William B. Austrian, Mrs. Edwin Avery, A. E. Axelson, Charles F. AxMAN, Samuel H. Ayers, Burley B. Babcock, Adolph Babcock, Mrs. E. N. Babcock, F. M. Babcock, Orville E. > Bachmann, Dr. Harrold A. Bacon, Dr. C. S. Bacon, Mrs. Edson C. Badenoch, David A. Badger, Shreve Cowles Baer, Dr. Joseph L. Bagby, Mrs. C. B. Bagge, Christian U. Baggot, Edward B. Bailey, Dr. G. T. Bailey, W. H. Baird, Mrs, Edith G. Baker, Arthur R. Baker, CM. Baker, Claude M. Baker, Mrs. Dora H. Baker, G. W. Baker, James Childs Baker, James R. Baker, Miss Julia A. Baker, Miss Lillian Balaban, Mrs. A. J. Balch, Howard K. Balderston, Mrs. Stephen V. Baldwin, E. H. Baldwin, J. F. Baldwin, Mrs. Rosecrans Baldwin, William Balkin, Louis Ball, Mrs. Godfrey H. Ball, John Ballard, Mrs. E. S. Ballas, a. L. Bame, Adolph Bangs, William D. Bankard, E. Hoover, Jr. Banks, Charles Ackert Banning, Samuel W. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 353 Barker, Edward E. Barker, Lewis Barlow, Mrs. Henry C. Barnard, Harry Barnes, Carl L. Barnes, Prof. Nathaniel W. Barnes, Sydney G. Barnes, W. Barrett, M. J. P. Barrett, Oliver R. Barsaloux, Paul K. Bartells, Dr. Henry W. F. Barth, Lewis L. Bartholf, William J. Bartholomay, Herman Bartholomay, William., Jr. Bartlett, Charles C. Bascom, F. T. Bass, Dr. G. E. Bates, Joseph A. Baum, James E., Jr. Baum, Mrs. James E., Jr. Baumann, Mrs. F. 0. Baumgarden, Nathan W. Baxter, Dr. George E. Baxter, John E. Bayless, Harry C. Bayley, Mrs. Edwin F. Baylor, Dr. Frank W. Beach, Calvin B. Beacom, Harold Beardsley, Mrs. Madeline I. Beck, Dr. E. G. Beck, H. Frederic Beck, Dr. Joseph C. Becker, Mrs. Herbert W. Becker, Leon V. Becker, Lothar Beckwith, Mrs. Edwin B. Beerly, G. E. Beers, Dr. Bertram R. Behrens, George A. Beidlbr, Augustus F. Beil, Mrs. Harry H. Belden, Joseph C. Belinski, S. a. Bell, Hayden N. Bellows, Mrs. L. E. H. Bemis, Anthony J. Bendelari, Arthur Bennet, William S. Bennett, E. H. Bennington, Harold Benoist, William F. Bensler, Ernest Bentley, Richard Berenbaum, Samuel Berg, Dr. O. H. Berg, Otto Berger, Henry A. Bergh, E. G. Bergh, Ross F. Bergstrom, O. Berkowitz, Dr. J. G. Bernstein, Aaron D. Berry, H. Roy Berry, V. D. Bersbach, Elmer S. Beshears, Mansfield Bestel, Oliver A. Bettelheim, Bert Bettman, Dr. R. B. Bibber, Thomas H. Biddle, Robert C. Biehn, Dr. J. F. Bird, Herbert J. Birkenstein, George Birkenstein, Louis Birmingham, Mrs. Eugene E. BiSBEE, Charles A. Bisbee, W. G. Black, Benjamin H. Black, Herman Black, W. J. Blackford, Wilbur F. Blackman, Herbert F, Blackwood, Dr. L. W. Blaine, Dr. Edward S. Blair, Mrs. M. Barbour Blair, Thomas S., Jr. Blakeley, John M. Blessing, Lewis G. Bliss, Charles F. Blitzsten, Dr. N. Lionel Block, Mrs. Joseph B. Block, Dr. Louis H. Blomquist, Alfred Blonder, Edward G. Bloomfield, Dr. James H. Blount, M. A. Blythe, Mrs. J. W. BoBB, Dwight S. BoDMAN, Mrs. Edward W. Boehm, Bruno J. BoGAN, William J. BoHNER, William F. BoHNETT, Harry W. BoLLENS, Walter BOLLES, C. E, 354 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII Bolt, M. C. BoLTEN, Paul H. Bolton, John F. Bonner, Francis A. Boone, Arthur Boot, Dr. G. W. BoRCHERT, Dr. Robert L. borman, t. a. Born, Edgar R. BOTHMAN, Dr. L. Bournique, Alvar L. Bourque, Dr. N. Odeon BousA, Dr. B. BoviK, Mrs. Anna BowE, Augustine J. Bowen, Joseph T., Jr. Bowes, Dr. William J. Brach, Mrs. Edwin J. Brachvogel, Mrs. Christina Bradford, Thomas H. Bradley, Charles E. Bradley, Fred J. Bradley, Herbert E. Bradstreet, Percy W. Brandenburg, Mrs. 0. H. Brannen, George L. Braun, Arthur J. Braun, Dr. Samuel A. Brawley, Dr. Frank E. Breen, J. W. Brennemann, Dr. Joseph Brewer, Edward H. Brewer, Harry F. Brewster, William E. Briggs, Carl R. Brin, Harry L. Brink, Mrs. E. S. Briscoe, George L. Bristol, James T. Broadice, Mrs. J. L. Brodkorb, William P. Brodsky, Dr. Jacob Brodsky, J. J. Brodt, Irwin W. Broman, Dr. Robert Bronson, Mrs. Mary Horton Brooks, Robert E. L. Brookes, Ralph W. Broome, John Spoor Broome, Mrs. Thornhill Broomell, Chester C. Brougham, Dr. Edward J. Brouillett, Dr. R. J. Brower, Jule F. Brown, Alvia K, Brown, Dr. Calvin E. Brown, Charles W. Brown. Edward Eagle Brown, H. A. Brown, Dr. Joshua M. Brown, J. Rice Brown, Stewart R. Brown, W. Gray Brown, Wilbur M. Brown, Dr. William Culp Brucker, Dr. Edward A. Brucker, Dr. Matthew W. Brumley, Daniel Joseph Brunker, a. R, Bryant, Donald R. Buchannon, Byron Buchbinder, Dr. J. R. BucHEN, Mrs. Walther Buck, Dr. Alfred L. Buck, Mrs. Lillian B. Buckingham, John Buckingham, Tracy W. Buckley, Mrs. Warren BucKLiN, Mrs. Vail R. BUDDEKE, I. W. BuEHLER, Mrs. Ernest BuELL, Mrs. Charles C. BuKOFZER, Dr. Erik BuKOWSKi, Peter I. Bull, Gordon W. BULLARD, SeLLAR BuNCK, Edward C. BuNGE, August H., Sr. Bunker, Charles C. BUNN, B. H. Bunting, Guy J. BuNZEL, Paul M. BuRDiCK, Dr. Alfred S. Burgmeier, John M. Burke, Dr. Samuel T. BURKHARDT, ChARLES E. BuRNHAM, Claude G. Burnham, D. H. BuRNHAM, Hubert Burns, John J. Burnstine, I. H. Burr, Maurice Burrows, Dr. Gene Burry, William, Jr. Burton, Fred A. BuscH, Francis X. Bushonville, James T, BussiAN, John A. Butler, Charles E, Butler, Edward P. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 355 BuTzow, Dr. Arthur M. BuxBAUM, Dr. Henry Byrne, Dr. M. W. K. Byrne, Thomas H. Cahill, William A. Cahn, Benjamin R. Cain, Charles N. Cain, G. R. Caldwell, Dr. Charles P. Caldwell, H. Ware Caldwell, Louis G. Callahan, Mrs. A. F. Callner, Joseph M. Calvin, Dr. Joseph K. Camp, Benjamin B. Camp, Curtis B. Campbell, Andrew L. Campbell, Argyle Campbell, Donald A. Campbell, Mrs. Isaiah Campbell, Mrs. John G. Campbell, Robert A. Campbell, Robert W. Campb, Frank O. Canavan, J. Newell Canepa, James P. Canning, Andrew P. Capper, John S. Card, Joseph B. Carey, Frank L. Carleton, Stanley Carlile, William B. Carlin, Leo J. Carls, Dr. Fred G. Carlsen, Charles J. Carlsen, Dr. Haldor Carnahan, Mrs. Glen C. Carpenter, John Alden Carpenter, W. W. S. Carr, Dr. James G. Carroll, Michael A. Carteaux, Leon L. Carter, Allan J. Carter, C. B. Carter, Frederick M. Gary, George B., Sr. Casavant, Gustav a. Case, Horace D. Casey, J. R. Casey, Thomas Cass, Mrs. Roy H. Cassels, G. J. Cassidy, William J, Castenholz, W. B. Castle, Sydney Gates, Dudley Cavenee, Mrs. C. M. Cerf, Louis R. Cervenka, John A. Chamblin, Mrs. William F. Champion, Harry A. Chandler, C. F. Chandler, Charles H. Chandler, Frank R. Chapin, Rufus, F. Chapman, Mrs. Frank A. Chapman, Mrs. John A. Chapman, William Gerard Chase, Mrs. Leona Chase, Samuel T. Chattin, William Chavis, Dr. Samuel W. Chester, H. H. Childs, Kent C. Childs, Lester C. Chrissinger, Horace B. Christensen, Henry C. Christiansen, Dr. Henry Christie, Dr. Roy E. Christie, Sigurd A. Christofferson, Dr. E. A. Chunn, Clay D. Churan, Leo M. Church, Mrs. Emma Churchill, Richard S. CiOTOLA, Dr. E. Clapp, Dr. Hubert B. Clare, Herbert O. Clark, Dr. Charles C. Clark, H. K. Clark, Harry B. Clark, James D. Clark, Mancel T. Clark, Ralph C. Clarke, Broadus J. Clarke, Frederick E. Claussen, Edmu>jd. J. Clavey, F. B. Claypool, Glen F. Clayton, Benjamin W. Cleary, Charles H. Cleary, John J., Jr. Cleave, Mrs. Frances D. Cleminson, Dr. Haldane Cleveland, Mrs. A. F. Clithero, W. S. Cloney, T. W. 356 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Cloyes, William E. Cluff, Edwin E. COBURN, Alonzo J. COBURN, J. M. CoBURN, John J. Cochran, J. L. CoE, Frank Galt Coffin, Mrs. Fred Y. Coffin, Percy B. CoHN, Charles Colburn, Warren E. CoLDREN, Clifton C. Cole, E. Leslie Coleman, B. R. Coleman, Clarence L. Collins, Arthur W. Collins, Beryl B. Collins, George R. Collins, Dr. Lorin C. Collins, Dr. Rufus G. CoLLisoN, Edgar K. CoLNON, Philip CoLVER, Herbert L. comerford, frank Comstock, Miss Ethel Condon, Thomas J. CoNDY, Louis H. Cone, Albert P. Conger, Mrs. William Perez CoNGLis, Nicholas P. Conkey, H. P, CoNLON, William F. Conran, Mr-. Walter A. CoNsoER, Arthur W. Cook, Miss Edith S. Cook, Mrs. George E. Cooke, Charles E. Cooke, Mrs. David S., Jr. Cooke, Mrs. George J. Cooley, Asa B. Coon, Robert E. Cooper, Charles H. Cooper, Fred W. Cooper, Frederick A. CORBOY, WILLLAM J. CoRDELL, Arthur N. Corey, Ralph L. Corey, William H. CoRPER, Erwin Corsant, Mrs. Charles King CoRSER, Charles B. Corwin, Dr. Arthur M. Costa, Mrs. Joseph C. CosTELLO, Thomas J. CosTiGANE, William B. CosTON, James E. CouRvoisiER, Dr. Earl A. Cowan, Mrs. Grace L. Cowan, Mrs. Lora S. Cox, Arthur M. Cox, Henry J. Craddock, J. F. Crane, George E. Crane, Jacob L., Jr. Crawford, Adam W. Crawford, Frederick E. Creed, Daniel A. Creedon, Mrs. Clara W. Crego, Frank A. Crerar, Mrs. John Croftan, Dr. Alfred C. Cronkhite, Albion C. Crosby, Mrs. Frederick W. Crumrine, Dr. L. B. CuDNEY, Harold N. CuLLisoN, James B., Jr. Cummings, Mrs. John L. CuNEo, Frank Cunnea, William A. Cunningham, Dr. Joseph L. Cunningham, Robert D. Cunningham, Robert M. Curran, O. p., Jr. Curran, Peter A. Curshan, Marcus Curtis, Miss Francis H. Curtis, Louis R. CusACK, Francis J. Cutler, Henry E. Dahl, Dr. Petra M. Dahlquist, C. M. Daiches, Eli Dallager, Dr. Roy A. Dallas, Charles D. Dallstream, Andrew J, Dalton, Ernest E. Daly, Dr. T. A. Dammann, J. F., Jr. Danielson, Fred V. Dankowski, I. F. Daughaday, C. Colton David, Sidney S. Davidonis, Dr. Alexander L. Davidson, Mrs. George M. Davidson, Julius Davidson, Lucius H. Davidson, Miss Mary E. Davies, J. E. 'k i Jan. 1928 Annual Report op the Director 357 Davies, Marshall Davies, p. W. Davies, William B. Davis, Col. Alexander M. Davis, Dr. Amy Reams Davis, Arthur Davis, Charles E. Davis, Charles H. Davis, Don- Davis, Dr. H. I. Davis, J. N. Davis, Mrs. Newton E. Davis, Paul H. Davis, W. Owen Day, Clyde L. Day, Stephen A. Dean, Mrs. Ella Wood Deason, Dr. Wilborn J. Decker, Mrs. John E. DeField, William R. Delaney, John V. Delano, Horace H. Delany, Faustin S. DeLoach, R. J. H. DeLong, F. T. Delson, Louis J. DeMuth, Mrs. Elizabeth S. Deneen, Robert J. Dengler, Albert C. Depue, Oscar B. DeSauty, Mrs. Sydney DeSmet, Rene C. DeStefani, Tully Deubert, Fred E. Deutschmann, Rudolph DeVries, George Dickinson, Phil S. Dickinson, Robert B. Diener, George W. DiGNAN, Frank W. DiLKES, Howard B. Dingle, Frank E. Dixon, Mrs. Arthur, III Dixon, Simeon W. DoLKE, Mrs. W. Fred, Jr. DoNKLE, Mrs. L. B. Donnelly, Thorne Donovan, Dr. W. R. Dors, George B. DoRSEY, John T., Jr. Douglas, Scott Morgan Doyle, Edward J. Doyle, Edward V. Doyle, Leo J. Doyle, Thomas J. Drake, Lyman M., Jr. Drell, Mrs. J. B. Drennan, John G. Dressel, Frederick C. Drezmal, Max A. Drielsma, I. J. Dryden, Mrs. George B. Drynan, William G. DucE, Albert DuGGAN, Mrs. Henry DuNBAUGH, Harry J. Duncan, W. S. DuNER, Dr. Clarence S. DuNLAP, George H. Dunlap, Mrs. Samuel A. DuNLAP, Mrs. T. M. Dunn, Edward J. Dunning, N. Max Dunscomb, George H. Dupee, Eugene H. Durham, Mrs. Eleanor G. Duval, Carl E. DuVal, Dr. Emile C. Easthope, Joseph Eaton, Dr. D. B. Eaton, William A. Ebbesen, a. C. EcK, Dr. Charles P. Eddy, Mrs. Morris R. Edlin, Dr. J. V. Edmonds, Miss Nora Edmondson, Edmunt) P. Ehrman, Walter E. Ehrmann, Dr. Fred J. E. Eichman, Mrs. Harvey F. Eisendrath, Edwin W. EiSEiwRATH, Joseph L. Elam, Mrs. M. A. Eldred, H. Ward Eley, Ning Elich, Mrs. Herman Eliel, Mrs. Theresa G. Ellbogen. Mrs. Max Ellert, Arnold M. Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. Elliott, Francke C. Elliott, L. G. Elmer, Dr. Raymond F, Elmslie, George G. Elting, Mrs. M. W. Emery, William H. Emig, Howard A. Engelhard, Benjamin M. Engelhart, Frank C. 358 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Engels, Dr. Nicholas R. England, Edward L. Engle, Mrs. Walter English, John J. Enright, Frank J. Epstein, Benjamin P. Epstein, Henry P. Erd, Arthur A. Erickson, Elmer Erickson, Hubbard H. Esmond, John W. ESTES, C. E. Eterno, Dr. John Evans, Mrs. Arthur T. Everett, Edward W. Ewen, William R. T. Fair, Dr. Fred F. Falk, Lester L. Fanning, C. G. Fantus, Dr. Bernard Farnsworth, G. J. Farquhar, R. C. Farquharson, William J. Farwell, Stanley P. Faulkner, Dr. L. Favorite, Mrs. Isabel C. Fell, A. L. Felz, Mrs. Harry J. Fenger, Mrs. Christian Fenley, William H. Fentress, James Ferguson, Dr. Allen Harvey Ferguson, S. Y., Jr. Ferguson, William I. Fessenden, Asa C. Fetzer, William R. Field, Heman H. Field, Henry Field, Mrs. Wentworth G. Fieldhouse, Clarence B. FiNDLEY, Dr. Ephraim K. FiNiGAN, Thomas Fink, George E. Finney, W. N. Fischel, Frederic A. Fischer, Miss Alice D. Fischer, Anthony C. Fischer, Arthur FiscHRUPP, George Fishbein, Dr. Morris Fisher, Dr. Hart E. Fisher, S. Fiske, Kenneth B. Fitch, Thomas Fitzgerald, Dr. J. E. Flack, Thomas Flaherty, Joseph F. Flanigan, Arthur H. Fleming, Edward J. Flinn, Mrs. F. B. Flinn, John J. Floessler, Arthur M. Floyd, Henry B. Flynn, Maurice J. Foley, Harry B. Foley, John M. FoLTz, Harry G. Fonbs, James J. Ford, T. A. FoRGAN, James B., Jr. Forrest, George D. Forsinger, Darwin A. FoRTELKA, Dr. Frank L. Fortune, John L. FosBURG, H. a. fosdick, k. i. Foster, Chauncey C. Foster, Mrs. Hiram E, Foster, Dr. Mabel G. Fowler, Carl Fowler, G. F. Fowler, Henry Fowler, Mrs. John W. Fox, Dr. Paul C. Fox, Mrs. William W. Frank, Barney Frank, David Frank, Frederick W. Frank, Samuel I. Franke, Dr. Fred C. Franke, Dr. Meta E. Frankenstein, Rudolph Franklin, M. E. Eraser, Joseph J. Eraser, N. D. Frazee, Seward C. Frederick, R. L. Freeman, Mrs. Ernest H. Freeman, Theodore F. Freeman, Walter W. Freeman, William A. Freer, H. M. French, C. W. Frenzel, Mrs. Henry Freudenthal, G. S. Freund, Erwin O; Fried, Harry N. Friedberg, Mrs. Stanton Frieder, Edward N. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 359 Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Friedman, I. S. Friedman, Mrs. Isaac K. Friend, Oscar F. Froehling, Arthur F. FuciK, E. J. FuLLAM, Charles J. Fyfe, James L. Gabathuler, Miss Juanita Gabel, Walter H. Gaber, Benjamin Gabriel, Frank J. Gaither, Otho S. Gale, Abram Gale, Frederick A. Galetti, Charles G. Gallagher, T. E. Gallagher, Dr. William J. Gallauer, C. Gallup, Harold E. Gamble, James A. Gannon, George Gang, David R. Gans, Daniel Gans, Glenn R. Gardner, Robert H. Garlick, Robin C. Garrison, Bernard C. Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gartside, John L. Garver, Jacob Marlowe Garvey, B. S. Gary, Dr. I. C. Gates, Neil H. Gates, Phillip R. Gathman, Arthur E. Gaul, H. J. Gebhardt, Ernest A. Geddes, Thomas Geddes, William H. Geer, Mrs. Ira J. Gendron, Miss Louise Gentry, Mrs. Veit George, Mrs. Albert B. George, Calvin M. George, Marshall W. Geraghty, Gerald G. Geringbr, Charles M. Gertz, Rudolph V. Getschow, George M. Geuther, Otto R. Gibbs, William J. Gibson, Charles H. Gibson, Mrs. Irene M. Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gielow, Walter C. Giessel, Henry Gilchrist, Miss Harriet F. Giles, Miss A. H. Giles, Dr. Roscoe Gilkes, William H. Gill, Adolph Gill, Wallace Gillanders, Kenneth GiLRUTH, Irwin T. GiNDELE, Mrs. C. W. Ginsburg, Harry GiTTER, Miss Mary B. Glader, Frank J. Glass, William Q. Glasser, Edward Click, Emanuel M. Godehn, Paul Goelitz, Henry G. GoERGEN, Dr. Philip G. Goes, Mrs. Josephine GoETZ, Adolph Goldpine, Dr. A. H. C. golding, gustav Goldsmith, Edwin Goldsmith, Henry M. Goldsmith, M. A. Goldsmith, Moses Goldstein, Abraham GoNsioR, Julius GooDKiND, Dr. Maurice Goodman, David Goodman, W. J. GooDNOW, E. H. GooDwiLLiE, Mrs. Charles F., Sr. Gordon, Mrs. Frederick T. Gordon, Dr. L. E. Gorrell, a. D. GosLEE, Dr. Hart J. gottschalk, albert l. Gould, George W. Gould, John GOVEN, Edouard T. Gowenlock, T. R. Grady, Mrs. David E. Grady, Dr. G. Q. Graf, Charles J. Graff, Oscar C. Gramm, Dr. Carl T. Grant, Alexander R. Grant, Luke Grapperhaus, Fred W. Graver, Philip S. 360 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII Graves, Ernest H. Graves, William C. Gray, Dr. Horace Graydon, Charles E. Grear, W. S. Greby, Joseph F. Green, John H. Green, Dr. Raphael B. Green, Robert D. Green, Samuel Green, Walter H. Green, William N. Greengard, Max Greenhalgh, John H. Greenwald, Jacob Gregersen, Miss Helga Gregory, Mrs. Robert B, Gregory, Tappan Grein, Joseph Greiner, Clarence A. Griffin, Bennett Griffin, Nicholas M, Griffith, Melvin L. Griffith, William C. Grimshaw, Norman R. Grinker, Dr. Roy R. Grinnell, Robert L. Griswold, Glenn Griswold, Roy C. Grochowski, G. S. Groebe, Louis G. Groenwald, Florian a. Groome, Richard L. Grosberg, Charles Grossfeld, Miss Rose Gruenfeld, Adolph J. Grund, Harry T. Grut, Harry N. Guettler, H. W. Guggenheim, S. GuiLLiAMS, John R. Gullborg, John S. Gullickson, Rollo Gumbiner, Robert Gunkel, George P. GuRLEY, Miss Helen K. GusTAvsoN, Victor GuTHMANN, William B. Guthrie, Miss Mary G. GuTowsKi, William A. GuYTON, C. Ernest GuzowsKi, George B, Gyberson, Miss Indiana Haas, Adolph R. Haas, George H. J. Haas, Samuel L. Hachmeister, Herman Hackett, Horatio B. Haedtler, Martin C. Haerther, Dr. A. G. Haerther, William W. Hagelin, E. Hagens, Dr. Garrett J. Hajek, Henry F. Hales, Edward M. Hall, Arthur B. Hall, Charles R. Hall, Edward B. Hall, George C. Hall, Henry C. Hall, J. Russell Hall, Louis W. Hall, 0. L. Hall, Robert W. Hallberg, Elmer W. Hallett, a. E. Haltenhoff, W. C. Hambleton, C. J. Hambleton, Mrs. Earl L. Hamilton, Alex K. Hamilton, Hugo A. Hamilton, J. R. Hamilton, Robert J. Hammel, George E. Hammer, Hans H. Hammer, Thomas H. Hammers, M. J. Hammond, Roy E. Hance, Paul W. Hancock, Frank A. Hand, H. N. Hanly, Clarence P. Hanna, Francis D. Hannaford, Alfred Hannaford, Miss Mildred L. Hannah, Alexander W. Hannan, Miss Elizabeth Q. Hanover, Wiluam Hansen, Miss Alma C. Hansen, Edward C. Hanson, Harry E. Hanson, Martin J. Harding, Capt. Patrick J. Harding, S. Lawrence Hardwicke, Harry Harmon, Hubert R. Harmon, John H. Harner, George W. Harriman, Frank B., Sr. Harriman, Mrs. Karl E, I i Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 361 Harris, D. J. Harris, Ewart Harris, Frank F. Harris, J. Max Harris, O. A. Harris, Wallace R. Harris, William L. Harrison, Harry P. Harrison, J. Harrison, James D. Harrold, James P. Hart, Mrs. Helena Hart, Henry D. Hart, Louis E. Hartigan, Clare Hartmann, Henry, Sr. Hartwig, O. J. Harvey, Byron S. Harwood, Frederick Harza, Leroy F. Haskell, L. A. Hasler, Mrs. Edward L. Hastings, Edmund A. Hately, Miss Louise Hatfield, Mrs. R. Le Fevrb Hatterman, Mrs. William E. Hattrem, Harold Haughey, James M. Hauser, J. C. Hausse, Richard H, Haven, Mrs. Alfred C. Hawkins, F. P, Hawkins, J. C. Hawkinson, J. T. Hawley, Albert P. Hawley, Clarence E. Hawthorne, V. R. Haynes, Mrs. Gideon Hays, Miss Catherine Hayt, William H. Hazlett, Dr. William H. Headburg, Mrs. Albion Lambert Healy, John J. Heath, William A. Heaton, Harry E. Hebel, Hon. Oscar Hechler, Valentine Heck, John Heckel, Edmund P. Heckendorp, R. a. Heckinger, William J. Hector, Dr. William S. Hedges, Fleming D. Hedman, John A. Heerema, Gerrit Heg, Ernest, Sr. Heide, Bernard H. Heidler, Frank J. Heifetz, Samuel Heineke, Carl Heinemann, John B. Heinfelden, Curt H. G. Heinz, L. Herman Heise, William F. Heldmaier, Miss Marie Heller, Bruno F. Henderson, B. E. Hendrickson, Olof B. Henkle, I. S. Henrickson, Magnus Henry, C. Duff Henry, Charles W. Henry, Claude D. Henschein, H. Peter Hensel, Herman E. Hertel, Hugo S. Hertz, Mrs. Fred Hertz, Mrs. John D. Hertzbbrg, Arthur G. Hertzberg, Edward Herzman, Dr. Morris H. Hess, Mrs. J. H. Hess, John L. Hess, Sol H. Hessert, Gustav Hessert, Dr. William Hettrick, William J. Heverly, Earl L. Heymann, Emanuel H. Heymann, L. H. Heyn, William P. Hlatt, Mrs. Houston I. Hibbard, Angus S. Hibbard, F. C. Hibshman, Roy S. HiCKEY, James J. HiCKLiN, John W. Higbie, N. Bradley, Jr. HiGGiNS, John H. HiGGiNS, Miss Lois E. High, Shirley T. HiLDEBRAND, J. G. Hilgendorf, George H. Hill, Duke Hill, Frederick HiLLER, J. A. HiLLiKER, Miss Ray 362 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII HiLLis, Dr. David HiLLMAN, Edward Hills, Charles W., Sr. Hills, Mrs. J. M. HiLLYER, C. R. HiLLYER, DWIGHT E. Hilton, Henry H. HiMAN, Charles Hinckley, Dr. D. H. Hinds, Joseph B. HiRSCH, Henry H. HiRSCH, Martin Hiscox, Morton Hitchcock, R. M. HiTE, Harry A. HoAG, Dr. Junius C. Hoagland, Walter P. Hodel, George HoDES, Dr. J. E. Hodgdon, William Hodge, Thomas P. Hoefer, Ernest Hoelter, Harry H. Hoffman, Jacob HOFFSTADT, DR. JoHN P. Hohmann, Mrs. George Holabird, John A. Holbrook, Frank X. holden, c. r. Holden, Hale, Jr. HoLDOM, Hon. Jesse Hole, Perry L. Holland, Dr. William E. HoLLisTER, Francis H. HoLLOWAY, Harry C. Hollo way, Owen B. hollowell, r. d. t. Holm, Gottfried Holman, Alfred J. Holman, Edward Holman, Scott A. Holmes, Dr. Bayard Holmes, William Holmgren, Elmer N. Holt, C. McPherson Holt, James A. Holzworth, Christopher E. HoNNOLD, Dr. Fred C. Hood, George A. HooGE, Dr. Ludwig F. Hoot, Miss Emily M. Hoover, George W. Hopkins, Alvah S. Hopkins, Mrs. Louis Fowler Hopkins, W. M. Horn, Albin 0. Hornaday, Thomas F. HoRNSTEiN, Leon Hornung, Joseph J. HoRTON, Hiram T. Horween, Isadore HoRWEEN, Ralph Horwich, Bernard HoRwiCH, Philip Hosford, William R. Hosken, Charles L. HOUGHTELING, JaMES L. HOUHA, V. J. Howard, Eugene A. Howe, Edward G. Howe, Mrs. Fanny J. Howe, Irwin M. Howes, Henry W. Howie, Miss Mary A. Hoyt, Dr. D. C. HoYT, N. L., Jr. Hoyt, William M., II Hrynieweicki, Dr. Stefan Hubbard, E. J. Hubbard, John M. Hubbard, William C. HuBBELL, Arthur C. Hubbell, William J. HuBER, Mrs. M. J. Huber, Dr. Otto C. HucK, Carl M. Hudson, Edward J. HuEBNER, William G. Hughes, Mrs. E. H. Hughes, Hubert Earl Hughes, P. A. Hughes, W. V. Hughes, Dr. William T. Hulbert, Mrs. Charless Pratt Hull, Harry W. Hull, Irving W. Hull, Robert W. HuLLHORST, Dr. Paul HuMiSTON, Dr. Charles E. Hungerford, Louis S. HuNSCHE, Frederick Hunt, W. Prescott, Jr. HuRD, Harry B, HuRD, Max H. Hurley, Edward N., Jr. Hurley, Frank J. Hutchinson, A. H. Hutchinson, Mrs. C. L. Hutchinson, John W. Huttner, Robert L. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director. 363 HwASS, Lauritz p. Hyatt, Albert P. Hynes, Dibrell Idelman, Bernard Iliff, George F. Inglesby, Thomas P. Ingram, Harold S. Insull, Martin J. Iralson, Mrs. Moses Irwin, Miss Ruth M. Isaacs, Michael H. IvERSON, Ralph H. Jackson, David H. Jackson, Mrs. James P. Jackson, John B. Jackson, Willlam F. Jacob, Charles W. Jacobi, Harry Jacobs, Mrs. C. R. Jacobs, E. G. Jacobs, Mrs. Howard D. Jacobs, Julius Jacobs, Nate Jacobs, Walter H. Jacobs, Whipple Jacobson, Egbert G. Jacobson, Raphael Jacobson, William Jaeger, Edward W. Jaegermann, Willlam A. Jaicks, Andrew James, Charles B. James, Mrs. Ernest J. James, Henry D. James, Mrs. Ralph H. James, Robert E. James, Dr. T. Franklin Jameson, Clarence W. Jamieson, Norman R. Jampolis, Mrs. Mark Janata, Louis J. J AND A, Rudolph Janoff, Abe Janovsky, Theodore B. Jaques, Louis T. Jarchow, Alfred W. Jarchow, Charles C. Jarema, Alexander L. Jarvis, William B.. Sr. Jefferson, Mrs. Thomas L. Jeffries, Dr. Daniel W. Jehn, Rev. Ernest G. Jenks, Pierre G. Jennings, S. C. Jensen, Carl F. Jensen, Gorm Jernberg, C. Edgar Jernberg, Carl L. Jessup, Dr. Franklin C. Jessup, Theodore JiRSA, Dr. Otto J. Johanigman, Sterling E. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, August Johnson, B. W. Johnson, Emil A. Johnson, Evan Johnson, Harry C. Johnson, Henry G. Johnson, James C. Johnson, Martin A. Johnson, Nels E. Johnson, P. Robert Johnson, Philip C. Johnson, Roscoe H. Johnson, Ulysses G. Johnson, Walter W. Johnson, William E. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Ira B. Johnston, John R. Johnston, Samuel P. Johnston, W. Robert Johnstone, Balfour Jonas, Dr. Emil Jonas, S. D. Jones, Miss Edna E. Jones, George R. Jones, Mrs. Homer D. Jones, J. Harry, Sr. Jones, John H. Jones, Mrs. John Sutphin Jones, M. H. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Owen Barton JoosT, Mrs. William H. Jordan, Oran E. Jorgensen, Hans L. JoRGEsoN, Charles M. Joseph, A. G. Joseph, Arthur W. Joseph, Morris Joy, James A. JuDAH, Mrs. Noble Brandon JuDD, Cecil W. JuDD, Mrs. H. S. JUDSON, F. C. JuLiEN, Victor R. 364 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Junker, Richard A. Just, Frederick M. Kaempfer, Fred Kaercher, Albert W. Kahmann, Karl W. Kahn, Albert Kahn, Charles E. Kahn, I. W. Kanavel, Dr. Allen B. Kann, Max M. Kannally, M. V. Kaplan, Dr. Maurice I. Kapsa, Ladislav a. Karalius, Dr. A. J. Karpen, Sol Kasehagen, Fred W. Kearney, J. J. Keehn, Mrs. Theodore C. L. Keeler, Edwin R. Keene, William J. Keig, Marshall E. Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, Leroy D. Kelly, Edward T. Kelly, Joseph J. Kemper, W. R. Kendrick, W. S. Kennedy, Clarence C Kennedy, James F. Kenny, Dr. Henry Randal Keogh, Gordon E. Keplinger, W. a. Kerwin, Edwin M. Kesler, Edward C. Keyes, Mrs. Rollin A. Kidder, Grant L. Killinger, George F. Kimball, Mrs. Louise L. Kimball, T. Weller King, Frank J. King, Frank 0. King, Hoyt King, John B. King, Lawrence F. Kingston, Mrs. Rose L. Kinney, Dr. William B. KiNSELLA, Dr. L. C. Kinsey, Louis A. KiNSEY, Robert S. Kipp, C. P. Kirkley, James M. Kitchell, Howell W. KixMiller, Mrs. William Klee, Max Klein, Mrs. Alden J. Klein, Arthur F. Klein, Dr. David Klein, H. S. Klein, Michael B. Klein, Peter Klein, Richard R. Klein, T. Henry Kleinhans, Dr. Joseph B. Kleinman, Alexander Klenha, Joseph Z. Kline, Abe Kline, Louis A. Kline, R. R. Kliner, John F, Klonowski, Louis J. Knab, George Knapp, Dr. Ernest L. Knapp, George S. Knight, Charles S. Knight, Charles Y. Knight, Stanley M. Knobbe, John W. Knode, Oliver M. Knudsen, Harold B. Koch, Paul W. Koch, Thomas W. Koenig, George W. KoENiG, Mrs. S. W. Koepke, E. E. Koepke, Fred J. KoESSLER, William S. KoHN, Emil KoHN, Oscar KoHOUT, Joseph, Jr. KoHR, Arthur G. KoLSTAD, Odin T. Komaiko, Sol KoMAR, Morris Komarek, a. W. KoNKOWSKi, Frank E. KoNOPA, John S. Konsberg, Alvin V, KoPF, Charles W. KoRDENAT, Dr. Ralph A. Koretz, Julius Korhumel, Joseph N. KoRiNEK, George R. Korshak, Maurice J, Korten, Mrs. William O. KoTiN, George N. KoucKY, Dr. J. D. KovAC, Stefan KovoLOFF, Daniel KowALSKi, August J., Jr. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 365 KoziczYNSKi, Dr. Lucian Kraber, Mrs. Fredericka Kracke, Arthur M. Kraemer, Otto C. Krafft, Walter A. Kraft, Dr. Oscar H. Krakow, Oscar Kralovec, George W. Kramer, Cletus F. Kranstover Albert H. Krausman, Arthur Krebs, Charles E. Krein, Edward N. Krensky, a. Morris Kreuscher, Dr. Philip H. Kreuzinger, George W. Kreuzkamp, a. J. Kriebel, Warren W. KjiiTCHEvsKY, Wolff Kroesen, W. F. Krupnick, Ira Krysikski, Dr. C. S. Kudner, Arthur H. Kuehn, Oswald L. Klth, Edwin J, KuH, Dr. Sidney KuHNS, Joseph H. KuLPAK, Stephen A. KuNKA, Bernard J. Kunstadter, a. KuRATKO, Frank J. Kurtz, George R. Lacey, Miss Edith M. Lackner, Francis A. Lahann, Herman C. Lahl, William J. M. Lake, Edward Lamb, Frank H. Lamb, Frank J. Lambert, Mrs. Frank B. Lamont, John A. Lant)eck, George Lander, Mrs. Lulu Payton Landman, L. W. Landreth, John P. Lane, Miss Abby E. Lane, Steven M. Lang, Charles E. Lang, Charles E. Langdon, Buel a. Lange, Frank E. Langert, Abraham M. Langille, Wilbur F. Langston, W. C. Langworthy, Benjamin F. Lanius, James C. Lansing, A. J. Lansinger, Mrs. John M. Larsen, Gustave R. Larsen, Mrs. Otis R, Larson, Frank A. Larson, Gustaf E. Larson, Louis P., Jr. Larson, Simon P. Latham, Carl Ray Lathrop, Frederick A. Lau, Max Laufer, Dr. Ernest W. D. Lavidge, Arthur W. Lavin, Joseph P. Law, M. a. Lawes, Charles A. Lawless, Dr. Theodore K. Lawrence, B. E. Lawrence, Victor E. Lawton, George E. Lawton, Samuel T. Leach, George T. Leavell, James R. Leavitt, Dr. Sheldon LeBolt, J. M. Lederer, Emil L. Lee, Carl Lee, Ernest E. Lee, J. Owen Lee, Morris Lee, Mrs. W. George Leeman, Stephen Edgar Leemon, Harry C. Leete, Robert S. Leffingwell, Robert B. Lehmpuhl, Herman F. Leicht, Mrs. Andrew E. Leigh, Edward B. Leight, Edward A. Leight, Mrs. Edward A. Leighton, Miss Adelaide Lelivelt, Joseph J. Lennox, Edwin Leo, Dr. J. E. LeSage, Rev. John J. Leslie, John Woodward Lester, Albert G. Levens, W. S. Levey, Clarence J. Levi, Dr. Gerson B. Levi, Maurice Levin, I. Archer Levin, Louis 366 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII Levine, George Levine, William Levinger, David Levinkind, Morris Levinson, Dr. Benjamin Levinson, Salmon O. Levis, John M. Levis, W. Walter Levitan, Louis Levitetz, Nathan Levy, Arthur G. Levy, Asher Levy, Harry H. Levy, Henry R. Lewis, J. Henry Lewis, Mrs. R. H. Lewis, Walker O. Leytze, Mrs. J. L'Hommedieu, Arthur L'Hommedieu, Clarence H. LiBONATi, Roland V. Lichtenstein, Walter Liddle, Charles A. LiDov, Mrs. Samuel J. Liebling, Abraham M. LiLLiE, Frank R. Lindahl, Mrs. Edward J. Linden, John A. lindheimer, arthur j. Lindheimer, Jacob LiNDHEIMER, S. W. Lindsay, Willard C. LiNDSTROM, Miss Elizabeth Linker, Meyer LiNKLATER, J. E. LiNKMAN, Louis B. LiNN, Erick N. LiPKiN, Maurice S. LiPMAN, Abraham LiPPERT, Aloysius C. LipPERT, David LiPSEY, William J. LiPSHULCH, JeHIEL Lister, Harold R. LiTHGOw, Charles H. LiTSiNGER, Fred Littell, C. Guy Little, Charles G. Little, John G. LiTZKOw, Fred W. Livingston, J. B. Llewellyn, Arthur J. Lloyd, A. E. Lobdell, Harry H. Lochner, Frederick H. Lockett, Oswald, Jr. Lodge, Fred S. LoEB, Arthur A. Loeb, Jacob M. LoEB, Dr. Ludwig M. Loeb, Mrs. Nellie B. LoEBE, Abraham Loehr, Karl C. LoEHWiNG, Marx LoESER, Joseph A. Loewenherz, Emanuel LOEWENSTEIN, EMANUEL loewenstein, nathan Logan, Frank G. Logan, Frederic D. LoMAx, William L. London, Harry Long, Dr. Esmond R. Long, Frank E. Long, Mrs. Joseph B. Longhi, Emilio Loomis, Miss Helen A. Loomis, W. Andrew Lord, Robert 0. LoRENz, Frederick A. Lorenz, Mrs. George W. lorenzen, h. LOSZKIN, Serje LOTT, GUSTAV R. LoTT, James N. Loughborough, Mrs. F. E. Low, John M. LOWENTHAL, LEO B. LowRY, Mrs. L. E. LowRY, Samuel W. LowY, Rudolph LoziNS, Bert Lucas, Dr. A. L. Luce, Homer J. LuDOLPH, Wilbur M. Ludwig, William F. Luebbert, Willlam C. Luehr, Dr. Edward LuM, Merritt B. Lund, Hjalmar C. R. Lundgren, Dr. A. T. Lust, Mrs. H. C. lustgarten, samuel LuTSCH, William N. LuTZOW, Fred H. Lyman, Thomas T. Lyon, Dr. Will F. Lytle, Clinton W. MacArthur, Fred V. MacDonald, E. K. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 367 MacFarlane, Wilbert E. MacHarg, Malcolm Mackey, Frank J. MacLeod, Dr. S. B. MacLellan, K. F. Mac Murray, James E. Maddock, Miss Alice E. Maehler, Arthur E. Mager, Edward J. Magill, Henry P. Magnus, Edward Magnus, Philip H. Maguire, Mrs. Jessie Mair, Robert Maltman, James Manaster, Harry Manaster, Henry Mandl, Sidney Manheimer, Arthur E. Mann, William H, Manning, Miss E. Mansfield, Alfred W. Manson, David Manson, Mrs. David Marchal, Ernest N. Marco, Albert C. Marks, Arnold K. Markus, Joseph E. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, John McWilliams Marsh, Orlando R. Marshall, Edward Marshall, Raphael P. Martin, Miss Lucy Martin, Mellen C. Martin, Z. E. Marxsen, Miss Dorothea Marzluff, Frank W. Mason, Fred B. Mason, George, Jr. Massena, Roy Massmann, Frederick H. Mather, Orian A. Mathews, Albert Mathews, R. H. G. Mathison, Howard G. Matson, Mrs. J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Matthews, Francis E. Maurer, J. S. Maxwell, Lloyd R. May, Paul 0. May, Sol May, William W. McAlear, James McAllister, M. Hall McArthur, Dr. Lewis L. McCann, D. McCann, Robert L. McCarthy, Frank M. McCarthy, John W. McCarty, Charles H. McCauley, Mrs. Thomas N. McClellan, George W. McClelland, Mrs. E. B. McClun, John M. McConnell, G. Malcolm McCoNNELL, John L. McConnell, John W. McCoy, Charles S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCullough, Leslie F. McDonald, Edward McDonald, Mrs. John Grant McFadden, Everett R. McFarland, Mrs. Ellis McGarry, John A. McGiNTY, Miss Alice L. McGooRTY, Hon. J. P. McGouGH, S. P. McGrath, Dr. James G. McGregor, James P. McKay, Harry H. McKay, Dr. N. B. McKee, Philip L. McKee, Mrs. William L. McLaren, William McLaughlin, Daniel F. McLaughlin, Frank L. McLaughlin, Dr. James H. McLaughlin, Dr. John W. McLaury, Mrs. C. W. McMahon, Mrs. John McMahon, Thomas J. McManus, Thomas J. McNabb, J. H. McNair, Frank McNamara, Robert C. McNerny, Mathew F. McPherson, Donald F. McQuarrie, Dr. John K. McShane, James E. Mead, E. Allen Mead, Henry C. A. Meder, Mrs. Leonora Z, Meek, C. Meeker, Arthur Megaw, Lloyd F. Meginnis, Miss May Mehlhop, F. W. 368 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Meinhardt, Harry Melaven, J. G. Menge, Dr. Frederick Mentzer, J. P. Mercil, Elmer J. Merrill, William W. Mershimer, Dr. James M. Mettler, Mrs. L. Harrison Meyer, Daniel A. Meyer, M. K. Meyer, Mrs. M. L. Meyer, Raymond N. Meyer, Sam R. Meyers, Robert C. Michael, Emil P. Michaelson, C. S. Milchrist, Frank T. Miller, Bernard Miller, Charles J. Miller, Mrs. Charles P. Miller, I. A. Miller, Mrs. Marshall D. Miller, Dr. William Miller, William S. MiLLIGAN, S. K. Minsk, Dr. Louis D. Mitchell, Clarence B. Mitchell, Strattis Modene, Oscar F. MoENG, Edward D. MOLDENHAUER, DR. WILLIAM J. MoNiLAW, Dr. William J. Montgomery, Frederick D. Montgomery, Mrs. F. H. Montgomery, John R, Mooney, William H. Moore, Dr. Beveridge H. Moore, Mrs. C. B. Moore, Charles Brearley Moore, Dr. Frank D. Moore, Frederick W. Moore, Mrs. Mae C. Moore, Nathan G. Moore, North Moore, Dr. Willis Moorman, Roy R. Morgan, Clarence Morgenthau, Mrs. Sidney L. MoRONEY, John J. Morris, Ira Nelson Morris, Dr. Robert W. Morrison, Mrs. C. R. Morrison, Theodore S. Morse, Mrs. Charles F. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton MoRSMAN, Joseph J. Morton, Dr. Edward C. Morton, William Morris Moser, Paul Moses, Ernest C. MoYLAN, John A. Muchow, Dr. William M. Mueller, Dr. E. W. Mueller, J. Herbert Muldoon, John A. Mullen, Dr. M. C. Mullen, Timothy F. Mulligan, Hugh E. Mulliken, a. H. Mulliken, John H. Murchison, Mrs. Thomas E. MURFEY, E. T. R. Murphy, J. P. Murphy, Walter A. Musgrave, Dr. George J. Musselman, Dr. George H. Myers, Edwin F. Nance, Willis D. Nash, Charles J. Nash, John S. Nash, Patrick A. Nau, Otto F. Neal, Thomas C. Neise, George N., Sr. Nelson, Alvin E. Nelson, Harry R. Nelson, Peter B. Nelson, Roland B. Nelson, Willlam H. Nesbit, William Nessler, Robert W. Neuberger, Carl A. Nevins, John C. Newberry, Miss Mary Louise Newmann, Edward R. Newmark, John T. Newton, Donald W. Nicholes, Daniel H. Nichols, Edwin G. Nichols, Dr. H. Nichols, Warren NiCKERSON, J. F. NiMMONS, George C. NiTKA, Jesse Nixon, Albert Nixon, George F. Noble, F. H. Noee, George J. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 369 NoLTE, Charles B. NORDHOLZ, Dr. William C. NoRDQuisT, Charles W. NoRTHRUP, Lorry R. Norton, Mrs. O. W. NOTHENBERG, DR. OSCAR J. NouRSE, Frederick W. Novak, Frank H. Novak, Dr. Frank J., Jr. Now, Dr. B. Newton Nutting, C. G. NuYTTENS, Alfred A. O'Brien, George W. O'Brien, M. J. O'Brien, W. L., Jr. O'Brien, Wilbur J. O'Bryant, Mrs. Mark O'Callaghan, Henry O'Connor, James R. O'Connor, Mrs. John O'DoNovAN, Daniel J. O'Keeffe, p. J. Olafsson, Dr. O. J. Oliver, Royston Ollier, Valentine Olsen, H. M. Olsen, John G. Olsen, Olaf C. S. O'Neill, Dr. John W. Ormsby, Mrs. Frank E. Orr, Mrs. Willlam George D. Orwig, Ralph F. Ossendorff, Dr. K. W. Ostermann, Mrs. R. M. Ott, John Nash Otte, Hugo E. Ottman, E. H. OuDiN, Ferdinand Packard, Dr. Rollo K. Paddock, Dr. Charles E. Palmer, Prof. Claude Irwin Palmer, J. M. Palmer, Percival B. Pardee, Dr. L. C. Parker, Austin H. Parker, Mrs. E. Roscob Parker, George S. Parker, Norman S. Parks, O. J. Parsons, Ferdinand H. Parsons, Mrs. Theodore^Samuel Patek, Edward J. Paterson, Morton L. Patterson, Ernest G. Patterson, J. H. Patterson, Miss Minnie L. Patton, Dr. Fred P. Patton, Walter I. Paulding, John Pauley, Clarence O. Paulsen, Dr. J. W. Payne, George H. Peacock, Charles A. Pearl, Allen S. Peck, Mrs. Charles G. Peerling, Paul Peine, Adolphus G. Pencock, Mrs. George A. Pennington, Frank K. Pentecost, Lewis J. Percy, Dr. Nelson Mortimer Perry, Mrs. Leslie L. Peters, G. M. Petersen, Mrs. Julius A. Peterson, Albert Peterson, J. E. Peterson, Percival C. Peterson, Theodore N. Peterson, William F. Pflager, Charles W. Phelan, Charles Phelps, Erastus R. Philipson, Isidor Phillips, Howard C. Pickard, Mrs. W. A. Pickel, William Pickell, J. Ralph Pickbell, Harvey Pierce, Ralph S. Pierson, Arthur W. Pigall, Mrs. Joseph S. Pine, William J. Place, F. E. Plamondon, Alfred D. Plamondon, Charles A. Plath, Karl PoAG, Robert O. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice Hayes Poehlmann, August F. PoGUE, George N. Polakow, Louis M. PoLLENZ, Henry Pomeroy, Mrs. Christine Pond, Allen B. Pond, George F. Pope, S. Austin Porter, Henry M. porterfield, r. h. 370 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII PoRTis, Dr. Bernard PoRTis, Dr. Sidney A. PosNER, Henry PossoN, F. E. Post, Dr. Wilber E. Posvic, Frank Potter, Dr. Hollis E. PouLTON, John J. Powell, Miss Nellie Pratt, Thornton M. Preble, Andrew C. Prentice, Oliver J. Prentiss, Mrs. Frank I. Prescott, Patrick B., Jr. Price, Dorr C. Prince, Mrs. A. C. Prince, Thomas C. Prindle, James H. Pronger, Herman F. Proffer, William F. Prosser, H. G. Prosser, Mrs. J. G.. Protheroe, Daniel Pryor, Maurice G. Pullen, Edward W. PuLVER, Albert G. Pulver, Henri Pierre PuLVER, Hugo Purnell, James E., Jr. Pytlik, Josefh S. Quackenbush, Mrs. Samuel H. QuiNLAN, Mrs. Roy Quinn, Edward J. Raber, Franklin Radabaugh, Miss Blanche Rader, Rector Roscoe Raff, Mrs. William J. Ramer, George F. Randall, CM. Randall, Rev. Edwin J. Randle, Guy D. Ranney, Mrs. George A. . Ransom, Albert, Jr. Rafaport, Morris W. Raff, Fred G. Raff, Leo E. Rasmussen, Frank Rathje, Arthur G. Rathje, Mrs. Josefhine L. Raulf, Carl A. Ray, Hal S. Ray, Harry K. Raymond, Clifford S. Raymont), Mrs. Howard D. Raymond, Mrs. James H. Reach, Benjamin Read, B. K. Read, R. G. Reed, Earl Howell, Jr. Reed, Forrest D. Reed, Rufus M. Reese, Mrs. C. Henning Reeve, Frederick E. Regensburg, James Rehm, Henry J. Reich, August C. Reid, p. Gordon Reid, Hugh Rein, Lester E. Renn, Andrew J. Requa, William B. Reuss, George I. Rex, W. H. Reynolds, Mrs. Dora E. Rice, F. M. Rice, Otto M. Rich, Kenneth F. Richards, George D. Richards, H. A. RiCHEY, Eugene W. Richsteig, Mrs. R. J. Rider, William D. RiEL, G. a. Rieser, Mrs. Herman RiGGS, Mrs. Fannie S. Ring, Miss Mary E. RiFLEY, Mrs. E. P. Ritchie, William RiTTENHOUSE, MrS. MoSES F. Roach, Willlvm J. Roane, Warren Robbins, Laurence B. Roberts, Francis R. Roberts, Jesse E. Roberts, Merritt E. Robinson, Charles R. Robinson, David A. Robinson, W. Scott Robuck, Dr. S. V. Rockwood, Frederick T. RoDEN, Carl B. Roden, Miss Marion Louise Rogers, Dr. Daniel W. Rolfes, Gerald A. RoLLO, Egbert Roodhouse, Benjamin T-. Root, John W. Rorabach, George E. Rosenbaum, Edwin S. Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 371 RosEMBAUM, Mrs. Edwin S. Rosenberg, Bernhard rosenfeld, m. j. RosEXFELS, Irwin S. ROSENFIELD, MORRIS S. RosENow, Milton C. Rosenthal, Nathan H. Ross, Dr. Colin K. Ross, Frank A. Ross, Robert C. Ross, William A., Jr. Roth, Arthur J. Roth, Henry Roth, Mrs. Lester Rountree, Lingard T. RoussiN, Alfred G. ROYER, H. G. RuBEL, Mrs. Flora L. RuBEL, Dr. Maurice Rubin, Joseph E. RUCKELHAUSEN, MRS. HENRY Rltd, Dr. Anthony Rudolph, Miss Bertha RuEL, John G. RUETTINGER, J. C. RuGGLES, Harry Kenneth RuGGLES, Dr. Willlam L. Ryan, Thomas C. Sabath, Hon. Joseph Sachs, Paul J. Sage, Mrs. William Salinger, Harry Saltiel, Dr. Thomas P. Sampson, H. J. Sampson, James Sanborn, Frank A. Sanders, H. A. Sardeson, Orville A. Sartain, Charles A. Satterlee, Howard B. Sauer, Dr. Louis W. Sauer, Dr. Raymond J. Sauerman, John A. Saunders, Percy G. Sawyer, Dr. C. F. Sawyer, Edwin M. Sawyer, Mrs. Percy ScHAAR, Bernard E. Schafer, 0. J. Schaffner, Mrs. Albert Schaffner, Arthur B. Schaffner, Herbert T. Schantz, O. M. Schapiro, a. L. ScHAUs, Carl J. Schiessle, M. Schilling, W. 0. Schmidt, Adolph Schmidt, Ernest A. Schmidt, Ernest E. Schmidt, Dr. Herbert J. Schmidt, Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, Paul J. Schmidt, Richard E. Schneider, Benjamin B. Schneider, George A. Schnering, Julius Schniglau, Charles H. Schnuchel, Reinhold H. schoen, f. j. Schoenbrun, Leo SCHOENING, HERiL^N M. Schram, Harry S. SCHROEDER, DR. MARY G. SCHULTZ, Dr. Oscar T. SCHUPP, Philip C. Schwab, Dr. Leslie W. Schwab, Martin Schwabacher, Mrs. AIorris Schwaegerman, Mrs. George J. Schwager, Dr. Irving Schwartz, G. A. Schwartz, Louis S. ScHWARz, Augustus Schweitzer, E. O. Schweitzer, Richard J. Schweitzer, Samuel ScHWEizER, Carl Scofield, Timothy J. Scott, Dr. E. Newton Scott, Dr. James McDonald Scott, John D. Scott, Walter A. Scott, Dr. Walter Dill ScuDDER, J. Arnold Seames, Charles O. Seaton, Strowbridge B, Seaverns, George A. Seaverns, Louis C. Seggerman, Mrs. Richard Seibold, Arthur B. Seidel, G. W. Seip, Fred Selz, Emanuel Senear, Dr. F. E. Senior, Mrs. John L. Senne, John A. Sethness, C. Henry Sethness, Charles 0. 372 Field Museum of Natural History— Reports, Vol. VII Sexton, Mrs. Thomas G. Seyffert, L. Shaffer, Harry Shanahan, David E. Shanesy, Ralph D. Shanesy, Mrs. Ralph D. Shanks, Oscar Shannon, Rev. Frederick F. Shapiro, Dr. Henry B. Shapiro, I. M, Shapiro, J. F. Shapker, Edward B. Shattuck, Charles H. Shaw, A. W. Shaw, Joseph J. Sheafe, J. S. Shearman, C. E. Shedd, Charles E, Sheean, John A. Shepard, Guy C. Shepard, Stuart G. Shepherd, Miss Edythe T. Sherbahn, Jacob M. Sherer, Samuel J. Sheridan, L. J. Sherman, Edwin Sherman, Mrs. F. C. Sherman, H. C. Sherman, Louis A, Sherwin, William A. Shields, James Culver Shinner, Mrs. E. G. Shoan, Nels Shogran, L. a. Shoop, Mrs. Lucile Huntington Shores, Dr. Clarence E. Shorey, Clyde E. Shortall, John L. Shotwell, Alfred H. Shuesler, Charles R. Shuman, Mrs. Helen W. Silber, C. J. Silberman, a. SiLVERBERG, WiLLIAM Silverman, Joseph Simmons, Parke E. Simpson, Dr. Elmer E. Simpson, Walter H. SiNDiNG, John W. Singleton, Mrs. Charles J. Sinsheimer, Benjamin SiSSON, O. U. SiTZBR, Dr. Grace Powell Skinner, Miss Frederika Slade, Alfred Slade, John C. Slaten, Mrs. Frederick A. Slaughter, Rochester B. Smith, C. F. Mather Smith, Mrs. C. R. Smith, Charles L. Smith, Clayton F. Smith, D. D. Smith, Mrs. Edward E. Smith, Mrs. Edwin Smith, Frederick W. Smith, Gilbert M. Smith, Glen E. Smith, Dr. Herman Smith, John C. Smith, Joseph C. Smith, Miss Mary Rozet Smith, O. Jay Smith, Reynolds S. Smith, Dr. T. Manuel Smith, Walter M. Smith, William D. Snitzler, Mrs. James M. Snow, Fred A. Snyder, Erwin P. Snyder, Thomas D. SoAREs, Prof. Theodore G. SoLLE, William H. SoLLiTT, Ralph T. Somerville, Thomas A. Sommers, Werner H. Soper, Mrs. J. P., Jr. Soper, Thoj/las Spades, M. H. Speer, Henry D. Spensley, H. George Spiegel, M. J., Jr. Spiegel, Mrs. Mae 0. Spiegel, Philip Spiegler, Frank F. Spiesberger, H. T Spieth, W. S. Spitz, Leo Spivek, Herman Spohn, John F, Spohr, Frank M. Spry, George Stafford, Charles W. Stahl, Miss Myrtle Stallwood, S. C. Stanton, Dr. E. M. Stanton, Edgar Stanton, Henry J. Stanton, Howard B. Starrett, James W. I Jan. 1928 Annual Report op the Director 373 Stayman, Ralph J. Stearns, Fred Stecher, Walter R. Steele, Sidney J. Stein, Mrs. Adolph Stein, Dr. Otto J. Stein, Mrs. S. Sidney Stein, Sidney L. Steiner, Max Steinhoff, Carroll F. Steinson, Henry G. Stenson, Frank R. Stephen, Edward I. Sterling, Douglas T. Stern, Felix Stern, Mrs. Herbert L. Stern, Jacob S. Stern, Maurice S. Sternberg, Morris Stevens, Ernest Stevenson, James R. D. Stewart, George R. Stewart, James S. Stewart, Ross E. Stewart, S. Chandler Stewart, Willlam Stobbe, Paul D. Stockdale, E. C. Stockton, A. C. Stockton, Mrs. John Thaw Stockton, Miss Josephine Stoddart, Charles H. Stoll, Mrs. John O. Stone, Mrs. Jacob S. Storkan, Mrs. James Storms, Mrs. John D. Straten, Dr. Hubert J. Straus, Arthur W. Straus, Eli M. Strauss, Dr. Alfred A. Strauss, Edgar L. Strauss, Jesse L. Strauss, Joseph L. Strauss, Julius Strauss, Lee J. Strawn, Taylor Street, Charles L. Street, Edward P. Strigl, F. C. Stringer, John T. Strom, Arthur B. Strong, Gordon Stuart, Charles W. Stumes, Charles B. Sturla, Harry L. Sullivan, Charles H. Sullivan, Frank R. Sullivan, Grey Sullivan, Hon. John J. Sullivan, Mrs. Paul D. Sullivan, Mrs. Walter J. Sulzberger, S. L. Sumerfield, Edward C. Summy, Clayton F. sundlof, f. w. Suthard, James Sutton, John M. SwATEK, Dr. Edwin Paul Swift, Mrs. Alden B. Swift, T. Philip Swift, William E. Taft, Robert H. Tash, J. Donald Tate, William S. Taylor, Mrs. Eugene S. Taylor, Graham Taylor, L. S. Taylor, Mrs. 0. L. Teevan, John C. Tegtmeyer, Ernest F. Teich, Max L. Teller, George L. Templeton, Andrew TenHaagen, Jean E. Tenney, Henry F. Terry, Dr. C. Roy Terry, Mrs. Schuyler B, Thatcher, Everett A. Thatcher, Fred J. Thayer, Harry W. Thiebeault, Charles J., Jr. Thom, H. C. Thomas, Mrs. Edward W. Thomas, Rev. George H. Thomas, Richard H., Jr. Thomas, Roy K. Thompson, Hope Thompson, Mrs. John R., Sr. Thompson, Orville W. Thomson, Mrs. Charles M. Thomson, George W. Thomson, James Thornton, Everett A. Throop, George Enos Thulin, Mrs. C. N. Tibbetts, Mrs. N. L, Tiedebohl, Edward R. Tieken, Dr. Theodore TiLDEN, AVERILL , 374 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII TiMBERMAN, ALBERT R. TippETT, William M. TiTTERINGTON, MiSS SUSAN E. ToBiN, Mrs. C. P. Todd, A. ToNK, Percy A. ToRRisoN, Dr. George A. Towner, H. C. Tracy, George W. Trescott, William S. Triggs, Charles W. Trotzkey, Elias L. Troup, Paul V. Troy, Leo J. Truc, Walter Trude, Mrs. A. S. Truman, Percival H. Tubergen, Mrs. Benjamin F. Tucker, Dr. George W. Tufts, Prof. James H. Turnbull, Gerald Turnbull, William J. Turner, George Turner, Mrs. George T. Turner, Marshall S. TuTHiLL, James B. Tuthill, Richard S. Tuttle, Charles Tuttle, W. F. Twyman, Robert J. Tye, Frank E. Tyler, Alfred C. Uhlemann, William R. Ullman, Mrs. N. J. Ungrich, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Urheim, Dr. O. J. Urion, Alfred R., Jr. Utley, George B. Utter, Arthur J. VanBuren, G. B. Vance, Walter N. VanDellen, Dr. R. L. VanDeursen, John S. VanDort, G. Broes VanEsso, Mrs. Meyer A. VanHoosen, Dr. Bertha VanSchaick, Mrs. Ethel R. VanSchaick, Miss Mary Morris Varty, L. G. Vaughan, Dr. Perry E. Vaughan, Roger T. Veatch, Miss Marie Vehe, Dr. K. L. Venard, Mrs. George C. VenDenBroecke, Mrs. Carl ViCKERY, Miss Mabel S. Vilas, Mrs. George B. Vilas, Lawrence H. ViSK, Edward J. Vocco, Rocco VoLK, Carl B. VoLK, Paul VoLTz, Daniel W. Voorhees, James M. Vurpillat, Mrs. Frances J. Vyse, Arthur J. Wagenknight, a. R. Wagner, Miss Coletta M. Wagner, H. D. Wagner, Miss Mabel M. Wahl, Albert Waite, Miss Muriel W. Waldeck, Herman Walker, Barton F. Walker, James R. Walker, Dr. .James W. Wallace, Mrs. David Wallace, John F. Waller, A. Rawson Waller, Miss Katherine Wallner, Dr. John S. Walsh, Miss Mary Walsh, Dr. Thomas F. P. Walsh, Dr. Thomas G. Walton, Lyman A. Warner, Mrs. J. C. Warren, Allyn D. Warren, Mrs. Frank Warren, Mrs. Homer S. Warren, Walter G. Warren, William G. Washburn, Dr. James Murray Washburne, Mrs. Hempstead Waters, R. T. Watkins, Frank A. Watkins, Frederick A. Watkins, Jesse M. Watkins, William Waynne Watson, Leo M. Watson, R. G. Waugh, William Francis Weary, Edwin D. Webb, Mrs. Martha Webb, Mrs. Thomas J. Weber, Dr. Samuel L. Webster, Charles R. Webster, Edgar Converse I Jan. 1928 Annual Report of the Director 375 Webster, Towner K., Jr. Weddell, John Wegg, Donald R. Weigen, Dr. Anders J. Weil, Mrs. Victor Weinberg, Jacob S. Weinstein, Dr. M. L. Weisl, E. L. Weiss, Samuel H. Weisz, Mrs. Charles W. Welch, Hon. Ninlan H. Welles, Mrs. Edward Kenneth Wentworth, John Wescott, Dr. Cassius D. West, Frederick T. West, William C. Westbrook, Mrs. E. S. Westbrook, Ira E. Westbrfield, Henry S. Weston, Charles V. Westphal, Miss Mary E. Westrich,.Mrs. F. a. Whamond, Dr. Alex A. Whatley, S. T. Wheeler, Seymour Wheelock, W. W. Whise, Dr. Melchior White, George H. White, Mrs. Linn White, Richard T. Whitehead, W. M. Whiting, Robert B. Whitney, Charles P. Whitney, Dr. Henry S. Wicks, James E. WiELAND, Charles J. WiELAND, Mrs. George C. Wiener, Milton L. WiERSMA, Asa WiKOFF, Miss Mary Betty WiLBORN, Charles Wilbur, Fred T. WiLCE, George C. Wild, A. Clement Wild, Payson S. Wild, Richard Wilder, Mrs. Harold Wilder, Mrs. T. E. Wiley, Edward N. Wilkes, C. H. WiLKEY, Fred S. WiLLETT, Albert V. WiLLETTs, George M. Williams, Dr. A. Wilberforce Williams, C. ArcH\ Williams, Chauncey V. Williams, Clifford H. Williams, Mrs. Eugene P. Williams, Gaar Williams, Mrs. Lawrence W^iLLiAMS, Lynn A. Williams, Dr. Richard A. Williamson, D. Wilsey, R. E. Wilson, Arthur R. Wilson, Miss Carolyn Wilson, Lucius E. Wilson, M. H. Wilson, Percival C. Wilson, Robert C. Wilson, William G. Windes, Mrs. Frank A. WiNDMULLER, S. W. WiNSLOW, Charles S. Winston, Bertram M. Winter, I. Winterbotham, John R. W^inters, Leander LeRoy Wise, Mrs. Harold Witherbee, W. E. Withers, Allen L. WiTKOwsKY, Miss Esther WiTKOWSKY, James Wolbach, Murray Wolf, Robert N. Wolfe, William C. Wolff, Christian J. Wolff, Mrs. Fred H. Wolff, George F. Wood, Donald Wood, Harold L. Wood, John H. Woodcock, Andrew J. Woodward, William WooDYATT, Dr. Rollin Turner WooLF, Mrs. Olga Wordel, William F. Worthley, Wallace F. Wray, Mrs. James G. Wright, Dr. James A. Wright, Mrs. Warren Wright, William Wrisley, George A. Wry, C. E. Wunderle, H. O. Wyneken, Mrs. Annie J. Yavitz, Joseph T. Yeakel, Dr. William K. Yeomans, Charles 376 Field Museum of Natural History — Reports, Vol. VII YocuM, Reuben E. Young, George H. Young, George W. Young, James W. Young, Joseph W. Younglove, James C. Younker, a. Zeitz, Andrew R. Zenos, Rev. Andrew C. Zeuch, Dr. Lucius P. Zeuch, Mrs. William ZiFF, Peter Zimmerman, Ralph W. Zoelck, Mrs. Frank ZOLLA, Abner M. ZoLLA, David M. ZOLLER, R. H. ZUCKER, W. J. Deceased, 1927 Adelman, Sam Ferguson, Edward A. Gallup, Edward Heumos, Alois Hook, Arthur S. Hurley, Hon. Timothy D. King, Dr. C. Bruce Knapp, Clifford J. Laechle, William C. Larsen, Charles Little, John L. McKeever, R. Townsend MacRae, Albert Manson, William Nesbit, Wilbur D. Ransom, J. Otis Taylor, Francis W. Weller, Stuart THE Um^y ri"^ THE JUL 3 1928 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS """"'"mm,,, 5s9SKs^5a!!55?saH;«^