ttiii4Z li^ilzrrv ^ f Uinr^ ia A a Bar tnrv a II I m i n i ' '" I II ' I II rill • I iiiiiirrnnrnnir ir'nnifrnif'**"''"'^' ' '" " "*~^in~nHIMil LIBRARY OF THL U N I VERSITY or ILLl NOI5 507 1945-48 CENTRAL CIRCUUTION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the hbrary from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a mrnlmum fee of $75.00 for each lost book. r**L'. '""*"*^*"' «'«* «mderllnln9 of book, or, r«o.on. TO RENEW CAll TEIEPHONE CENTBt 335-8400 UNIVEBSITY OF lUINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAAAPA.r.K. When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L|g2 bl ^s ANNUAL REPORT *#/*.*»# 1-, PLATE I Aerial view, looking east from Michigan Avenue toward Chicago Natural History Museum, formerly Field Museum of Natural History, located at the south end of Grant Park near the shore of Lake Michigan, with Soldier Field to the south. The main (north) entrance of the Museum (at left, in picture) faces Rooseveh Road at Lake Shore Drive. CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees for the year 1946 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JANUARY, 1947 THE LIBRARY OF THE NOV 5 1947 IINIVERSir/ OF ILLINOIS PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS 1 6" & Contents PAGE List of Illustrations 7 Albert A. Sprague, 1876-1946 11 Silas H. Strawn, 1866-1946 13 Officers, Trustees, and Committees, 1946 15 Former Members of the Board of Trustees 16 Former Officers 17 List of Staff 18 Report of the Director 23 Membership 25 N. W. Harris Public School Extension 26 James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation 28 Department of Anthropology 44 Department of Botany 52 Department of Geology 57 Department of Zoology 62 Library 72 Publications and Printing 73 Photography and Illustration 75 Motion Pictures 76 Public Relations 77 Maintenance and Construction 80 Financial Statements 84 Attendance and Door Receipts 85 List of Accessions 86 List of Members 101 Benefactors 101 Honorary Members 101 Patrons 101 Corresponding Members 102 Contributors 102 Corporate Members 103 Life Members 104 Non-Resident Life Members 105 Associate Members 105 5 List of Members — Continued page Non-Resident Associate Members 120 Sustaining Members 1"" Annual Members ^^^ Articles op Incorporation 133 Amended By-Laws ^^^ List of Illustrations PLATES FACING PAGE 1. Aerial View of Chicago Natural History Museum 3 2. Albert A. Sprague 11 3. Silas H. Strawn 13 4. Looking North, from the Museum 15 5. Michigan Avenue Skyline, Viewed from the Museum 23 TEXT FIGURES PAGE 1. Portable Exhibits of the Harris Extension 27 2. Chimney Swift and Nest 28 3. Special Exhibit Illustrating Penicillin, in Preparation 33 4. Community of Prehistoric Mound-Building Indians of Louisiana 35 5. Whaling at Sea with Modern Equipment 39 6. Japanese Cycads 41 7. Melanesian Ethnological Objects 43 8. Enlargement of a Hopewell Figurine 44 9. San Francisco Red Pottery Bowl 46 10. Chimu Ceremonial Chamber 49 1 1 . Welwitschia 52 12. Bird of Paradise Flower, Thornless Blackberry, Damson Plum 55 13. Footprints of Early Oligocene Animals 57 14. Shell of a Marine Turtle 59 15. Pirarucu 63 16. Preparation of a Zoological Exhibit 65 17. Viru Valley Camp of the 1946 Archaeological Expedition to Peru 69 18. Calico Rock 70 19. Pottery Funerary Vessel 76 20. The Museum Lunchroom 78 21. The Museum Book Shop 79 22. African Elephants 81 7 In Memoriam Photograph by Blank and StoUer ALBERT A. SPRAGUE A Trustee of the Museum from 1910 to 1946 PLATE 2 ALBERT A. SPRAGUE 1876-1946 The Trustees of Chicago Natural History Museum desire to record their profound sorrow at the loss which has come to them in the death on April 6, 1946, of their fellow Trustee and First Vice- President of the Board, Colonel Albert A. Sprague. Colonel Sprague has been closely and continuously as,sociated with the Museum since his election as a Trustee on August 8, 1910. In the same year, he became a Contributor to the Institution, through his gifts to the "Field-Sprague Ornithology Fund," and he repeatedly provided funds for various causes throughout the fol- lowing years. He became a Life Member in 1912. His services to the Museum were in every respect active and of high value. Beginning in 1911, he served on the Building Committee during the period of the construction of the present edifice. He became a member of the Pension Committee in 1916 and Chairman of that Committee in 1921, serving continuously until the time of his death. He was largely instrumental in perfecting the plans for the pension system of the Museum which was adopted by the Trustees. He served as a member of the Executive Committee since 1914, and as a Vice-President of the Museum since 1921. By virtue of his outstanding services to the Institution and to science, he was elected Honorary Member, Contributor, and Patron of the Institution. Chicago Natural History Museum was by no means unique in being the recipient of the loyal and devoted services of Colonel Sprague. He was widely known for his services to his fellow man, both in civic affairs and in philanthropic circles. He served as an Officer of the Army of the United States in World War I and attained a distinguished military record. Yet, even over and above our high appreciation of his splendid services, we cherish the memory of his warm friendship and his fine human qualities. Therefore, be it resolved that this testimonial of our esteem and affection for him be placed in the permanent records of the Board of Trustees of Chicago Natural History Museum to perpetuate his memory; And be it further resolved that our deepest sympathy be con- veyed to his Widow and his bereaved family, and that a copy of this Resolution be sent to them. Clifford C. Gregg, Secretary Stanley Field, President May 20, 1946 11 Photograph by Harris and Ewing SILAS H. STRAWN A Trustee of the Museum from 1924 to 1946 PLATE 3 SILAS H. STRAWN 1866-1946 In the sudden death of Silas H. Strawn on February 4, 1946, the Trustees of Chicago Natural History Museum lost a friend and associate, who will be remembered always because of his genial personality and outstanding character. Silas Strawn was a member of this Board for twenty-two years. He was a member of the Auditing Committee from 1925 to 1929; a member of the Executive Committee from 1928 to 1946; and Second Vice-President from 1940 until 1946. He was unfailing and faithful in serving this Institution and brought to its council his wisdom, insight, and experience, which were at all times constructive and helpful. On August 17, 1925, he was elected a Patron of the Museum in recognition of his unusual services. Throughout his career he unselfishly and with tireless devotion contributed of his time, ability, and means to many of the civic and philanthropic activities of Chicago. He was a staunch Republican and used his every effort to improve the character and caliber of candidates for public office. Both as Trustees of this institution and as citizens of this com- munity, we shall sorely miss the fine personality and wisdom of this good friend and associate, whose life was so useful in so many ways. In appreciation of what Silas Strawn has been to the Museum and has done for it, we pay tribute to his splendid work and to his memory. Our sympathy is especially extended to the members of his family in their bereavement. i, Clifford C. Gregg, Secretary Stanley Field, President May 20, 1946 13 PLATE 4 LOOKING NORTH, FROM THE MUSEUM Officers* Trustees, and Committees, 1946 OFFICERS BOARD OF TRUSTEES COMMITTEES Stanley Field, President Albert A. Sprague,* First Vice-President Marshall Field, First Vice-President Silas H. Strawn,! Second Vice-President Albert B. Dick, Jr., Second Vice-President Samuel Insull, Jr., Third Vice-President Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer Clifford C. Gregg, Secretary John R. Millar, Assistant Secretary Lester Armour Sewell L. Avery W. McCoRMiCK Blair Leopold E. Block Boardman Conover Walter J. Cummings Albert B. Dick, Jr. Howard W. Fenton Joseph N. Field Marshall Field Marshall Field, Jr. John P. Stanley Field Samuel Insull, Jr. Henry P. Isham HuGHSTON M. McBain William H. Mitchell Clarence B. Randall George A. Richardson Solomon A. Smith Albert A. Sprague* Silas H. StrawnI Albert H. Wetten Wilson Executive — Stanley Field, Solomon A. Smith, Albert H. Wetten, George A. Richardson, Albert A. Sprague,* Marshall Field, Silas H. Strawn.f Albert B. Dick, Jr., John P. Wilson Finance — Solomon A. Smith, Leopold E. Block, Albert B. Dick, Jr., Howard W. Fenton, John P. Wilson, Walter J. Cummings, Albert H. Wetten Building— Albert H. Wetten, William H. Mitchell, Lester Armour, Joseph N. Field, Boardman Conover Auditing — George A. Richardson, Albert H. Wetten, W. McCormick Blair Pension — Albert A. Sprague,* Samuel Insull, Jr., Sewell L. Avery, Hughston M. McBain * Deceased, April 6, 1946 t Deceased, February 4, 1946 15 Former Members of the Board of Trustees George E. Adams,* 1893-1917 Owen F. Alois,* 1893-1898 Allison V. Armour,* 1893-1894 Edward E. Ayer,* 1893-1927 John C. Black,* 1893-1894 M. C. Bullock,* 1893-1894 Daniel H. Burnham,* 1893-1894 George R. Davis,* 1893-1899 James W. Ellsworth,* 1893-1894 Charles B. Farwell,* 1893-1894 Frank W. Gunsaulus,* 1893-1894, 1918-1921 Emil G. Hirsch,* 1893-1894 Charles L. Hutchinson,* 1893-1894 John A. Roche,* 1893-1894 Martin A. Ryerson,* 1893-1932 Edwin Walker,* 1893-1910 Watson F. Blair,* 1894-1928 William J. Chalmers,* 1894-1938 Harlow N.HiGiNBOTHAM,* 1894-1919 Huntington W. Jackson,* 1894-1900 Arthur B. Jones,* 1894-1927 George Manierre,* 1894-1924 Cyrus H. McCormick,* 1894-1936 Norman B. Ream,* 1894-1910 Norman Williams,* 1894-1899 Marshall Field, Jr.,* 1899-1905 Frederick J. V. Skiff,* 1902-1921 George F. Porter,* 1907-1916 Richard T. Crane, Jr..* 1908-1912, 1921-1931 John Barton Payne,* 1910-1911 Albert A. Sprague,* 1910-1946 Chauncey Keep,* 1915-1929 Henry Field,* 1916-1917 William Wrigley, Jr.,* 1919-1931 John Borden, 1920-1938 Albert W. Harris, 1920-1941 James Simpson,* 1920-1939 Harry E. Byram,* 1921-1928 Ernest R. Graham,* 1921-1936 D. C. Davies,* 1922-1928 Charles H. Markham,* 1924-1930 Silas H. Strawn,* 1924-1946 Frederick H. Rawson,* 1927-1935 Stephen C. Simms,* 1928-1937 William V. Kelley,* 1929-1932 Fred W. Sargent,* 1929-1939 Leslie Wheeler,* 1934-1937 Charles A. McCulloch,* 1936-1945 Theodore Roosevelt,* 1938-1944 * Deceased 16 ormer Off icers PRESIDENTS FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTS SECOND VICE-PRESIDENTS THIRD VICE-PRESIDENTS SECRETARIES TREASURERS DIRECTORS Edward E. Ayer* 1894-1898 Harlow N. Higinbotham* 1898-1908 Martin A. Ryerson* 1894-1932 Albert A. Sprague* 1933-1946 Norman B. Ream* 1894-1902 Marshall Field, Jr.* 1902-1905 Stanley Field 1906-1908 Watson F. Blair* 1909-1928 Albert A. Sprague* 1929-1932 James Simpson* 1933-1939 Silas H. Strawn* 1940-1946 Albert A. Sprague* 1921-1928 James Simpson* 1929-1932 Albert W. Harris 1933-1941 Ralph Metcalf 1894 George Manierre* 1894-1907 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1907-1921 D. C. Davies* . . . . • 1921-1928 Stephen C. Simms* 1928-1937 Byron L. Smith* 1894-1914 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1893-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. Simms* 1928-1937 * Deceased 17 List of Staff DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Clifford C. Gregg John R. Millar Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator, African Ethnology T. George Allen, Research Associate, Egyptian Archaeology C. Martin Wilbur,* Curator, Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology Fay-Cooper Cole, Research Associate, Malaysian Ethnology Alexander Spoehr, Curator, Oceanic Ethnology Donald Collier, Curator, South American Ethnology and Archaeology J. Eric Thompson, Research Associate, Central American Archaeology A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate, American Archaeology George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits Wilton M. Krogman, Research Associate, Physical Anthropology Robert J. Braidwood, Research Associate, Old World Prehistory John Rinaldo, Assistant, Archaeology Alfred Lee Rowell, Dioramist GusTAF Dalstrom, Artist John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer Agnes H. McNary, Departmental Secretary B. E. Dahlgren, Chief Curator Theodor Just, Associate Curator Paul C. Standley, Curator, Herbarium Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Curator, Herbarium J. Francis Macbride,* Curator, Peruvian Botany Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate, Systematic Botany Francis Drouet, Curator, Cryptogamic Botany Harry K. Phinney, Assistant Curator, Cryptogamic Botany L. H. Tiffany, Research Associate, Cryptogamic Botany Llewelyn Williams,* Curator, Economic Botany J. S. Daston, Assistant, Economic Collections Robert H. Forbes, t Assistant, Wood Collections Emil Sella, Chief Preparator, Exhibits Milton Copulos, Artist-Preparator Edith M. Vincent, Departmental Secretary * On leave t Resigned, 1946 i i 18 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Sharat K. Roy, Acting Chief Curator Bryan Patterson, Curator, Paleontology Paul O. McGrew,! Assistant Curator, Paleontology Rainer Zangerl, Curator, Fossil Reptiles James H. Quinn, Chief Preparator, Paleontology Albert A. Dahlberg, Research Associate, Vertebrate Paleontology Everett C. Olson, Research Associate, Vertebrate Paleontology Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator, Invertebrate Fossils Bryant Mather,! Assistant Curator, Mineralogy Harry E. Changnon, Assistant, Geology John Conrad Hansen, Artist Henry Horback, Preparator William D. Turnbull, Preparator Frances Foley, Departmental Secretary DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOG Y Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator Emeritus Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator, Mammals Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator, Birds Boardman Conover, Research Associate, Birds Louis B. Bishop, Research Associate, Birds Rudyerd Boulton, Research Associate, Birds Ellen T. Smith, Associate, Birds Melvin a. Traylor, Jr., Associate, Birds Clifford H. Pope, Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles LoREN P. Woods,* Assistant Curator, Fishes John W. Winn, Assistant, Fishes Marion Grey, Associate, Fishes William J. Gerhard, Curator, Insects Rupert L. Wenzel, Assistant Curator, Insects Henry S. Dybas, Assistant, Insects Alfred E. Emerson, Research Associate, Insects Gregorio Bondar, Research Associate, Insects Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, Insects Alex K. Wyatt, Research Associate, Insects Ruth Marshall, Research Associate, Arachnids Fritz Haas, Curator, Lower Invertebrates D. D wight Davis, Curator, Vertebrate Anatomy H. Elizabeth Story, Assistant, Vertebrate Anatomy Dorothy B. Foss, Assistant, Vertebrate Anatomy R. M. Strong, Research Associate, Anatomy * On leave t Resigned, 1946 19 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (Continued) ASSOCIATE EDITOR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION THE LAYMAN LECTURER THE LIBRARY Julius Friesser, Taxidermist L. L. Pray, Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, Taxidermist W. E. ElGSTi,* Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder, Taxidermist Ronald J. Lambert, Assistant Taxidermist Joseph B. Krstolich, Artist Peggy Collings Brown, Artist James E. Trott, Artist-Preparator Margaret J. Bauer, Departmental Secretary Lillian A. Ross Helen Atkinson MacMinn, Assistant Richard A. Martin, Curator Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist John Bayalis, Preparator Miriam Wood, Chief Marie B. Pabst* Roberta Caldwell Elizabeth Best* Emma Neve* Winona Hinkley June Ruzicka Lorain Farmer Marie Svoboda Paul G. Dallwig Carl W. Hintz, Librarian Emily M. Wilcoxson, Librarian Emerita Mary W. Baker, Associate Librarian Eunice Marthens Gemmill, Assistant Librarian Elsey Merriam,* Assistant Librarian Louise Boynton, Secretary * Resigned, 1946 20 ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES STAFF ARTIST DIVISION OF PRINTING GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT CHIEF ENGINEER CAPTAIN OF THE GUARD Benjamin Bridge, Aiiditor Noble Stephens,* Assistant Auditor A. L. Stebbins, Bookkeeper Robert E. Bruce, Purchasing Agent Susan M. Carpenter, Secretary to the Director Marion G. Gordon, Registrar Elsie H. Thomas, Recorder Edna T. Eckert, Assistant Recorder H. B. Harte Pearle Bilinske, in charge C. H. Carpenter, Photographer Herman Abendroth, Assistant Photographer Norma Lockwood, Illustrator John W. Mover Arthur G. Rueckert Raymond H. Hallstein, in charge W. H. Corning James R. Shouba, Assistant William E. Lake E. S. Abbey ♦Resigned, 1946 21 PLATE 5 The Museum is open to the public every day of the year except Christmas aud New Year's Day. It may he reached by elevated or surface railways, Illiuois Cen- tral aud South Shore suburban trains, or bus There is free parkin o space, near the Museum, for automobiles. Annual Report of the Director To the Trustees: I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1946. The close of the year 1946 found Chicago Natural History Museum well on its way to full resumption of its program. During this year, many members of the staff, absent because of the war, returned, new members were added to the staff, expeditions were at work in the field, and enterprises in all departments and divisions went forward vigorously. The Museum, deeply aware of its obliga- tions to education and to research, is ever vigilant to widen its services, and in this year it has had opportunity to do so in several new ways. The Museum continued and extended its co-operative educational arrangements with the University of Chicago, Northwestern Uni- versity, and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, as described later in this Report. An innovation during 1946 was the co-operative relationship established between the Museum and Antioch College, of Yellow Springs, Ohio. Antioch College bases its educational program upon a plan by which its students alternate periods of study on the college campus with periods of work, for pay, in business or industry in order to gain practical experience in the occupations for which they may be training as well as to gain a wider understanding of the problems of their fellow man. Arrangements were made for students to come to the Museum, to be paid at the usual rates for temporary employees. This plan brought to the scientific departments as well 23 as to the Library and administrative offices intelligent and enthusi- astic young men and women who assisted materially in the work at hand. The continued employment of Antioch College students to supplement the regular staff is anticipated. Chicago Natural History Museum approved the loan of a number of important ethnological objects from its South Pacific collections to the Museum of Modern Art in New York City for a special exhibit called "Arts of the South Seas." Later in the year, a portion of the materials was sent to the Worcester (Massachusetts) Art Museum for a similar exhibit. Although it is the established policy of this Museum not to lend specimens for exhibition, it was felt that the standing of the institutions and the necessity for including the Museum's materials in any comprehensive exhibit of the arts of the South Seas justified the action. The collections of Chicago Natural History Museum from the New Hebrides, New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago are unique in the world, and its collections of Melanesian art are the finest in the United States (Fig. 7). It is believed that Chicago Natural History Museum can be, to an increasing degree, and should be, the gathering place of amateur scientists to whom helpful direction and advice may be given. Accordingly, with this in view, arrangements were made for the Chicago Ornithological Society and for the Kennicott Club, an active Chicago group of naturalists, to hold their several meetings in the Museum. Another undertaking of the Museum in co-operation with a representative Chicago organization was the First International Exhibition of Nature Photography held by the Nature Camera Club of Chicago in the Museum early in the year. It is planned that this be made an annual exhibition, sponsored jointly by the Museum and the Camera Club. Still another undertaking this year, as a part of the Museum's educational program under the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation, was the short nature course for camp counselors presented in the spring by the Museum. Trustees and Officers At the Annual Meeting of the Board of Trustees in January, Mr. Stanley Field was re-elected President to serve his thirty-eighth successive year in that office. All other officers who served in the preceding year were likewise re-elected. Mr. Marshall Field, Jr., was elected to fill a vacancy on the Board of Trustees. Mr. John R. Millar, Deputy Director of the Museum, was elected to the office of Assistant Secretary of the Board. 24 At a meeting of the Trustees in May, Mr. Marshall Field, Trustee of the Museum since 1914, was elected First Vice-President and Mr. Albert B. Dick, Jr., was elected Second Vice-President to fill the vacancies created by the deaths of Colonel Albert A. Sprague and Mr. Silas H. Strawn. Mr. Samuel Insull, Jr., was elected Third Vice-President to fill the vacancy created by electing Mr. Dick to the ofl^ce of Second \'ice-President. Three new Trustees, elected in June to fill existing vacancies on the Board, are: Mr. Henry P. Isham, Mr. Hughston M. McBain, and Mr. Clarence B. Randall. Membership Increased interest in Chicago Natural History Museum and its activities is evidenced by the growing number of public-spirited citizens who have become Members and thus are helping to support the scientific and educational work conducted by the Museum. On December 31, 1946, the total number of Members on the roster of the Museum amounted to 4,625, a total net gain of 106 new Mem- bers. The number of new Members enrolled during the year amounted to 494; the number of Members lost through transfer, cancellation, and death amounted to 388. The names of all persons listed as Members of the Museum during 1946 will be found on the pages at the end of this Report. The fol- lowing tabulation shows the number of names in each membership classification at the close of 1946: Benefactors 23 Honorary Members 9 Patrons 20 Corresponding Members 7 Contributors 151 Corporate Members 43 Life Members 199 Non-Resident Life Members 15 Associate Members 2,393 Non-Resident Associate Members 8 Sustaining Members 10 Annual Members 1,747 Total Memberships 4,625 An expression of gratitude is here given to all Members of the Museum, because their support has helped to make possible the progress and continuance of the cultural and educational program of the institution. Appreciation for past support is expressed to those Members who found it necessary to discontinue their member- ships. It is hoped that before too long they will enroll again as Members of the Museum and resume their association with its work. 25 Attendance The total number of visitors received by the Museum during 1946 was 1,287,436, an increase of 216,758 over the total attendance of 1945 and of 22,923 over that of 1944. The number of visitors who paid admission, always but a fraction of the total attendance, rose from a total of 104,959 in 1945 to a total of 127,305 in 1946, despite the fact that school children, students, teachers, members of the armed forces of the United Nations, and members of this Museum continued to be admiitted without charge on all days. (For com- parative attendance statistics and door receipts for 1945 and 1946, see page 85). Many visitors from foreign countries came to the Museum during the year to study its techniques or its collections. Special events and exhibits, described elsewhere in this Report, drew large audiences. In addition, countless numbers of people who did not visit the Museum were reached by the Museum through the traveling exhibits of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, the extension lectures of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation, and the Museum's publications. Harris School Extension With the beginning of the school year in September, 1946, the N. W. Harris Public School Extension returned to its normal circu- lation schedule of portable Museum exhibits to schools in Chicago. Under this schedule, each of the 498 recipients of Harris Extension exhibits receives in one school year thirty-four different cases dealing with a wide variety of subjects in the fields of anthropology, botany, geology, and zoology (Fig. 1). During the year 1946, which was under the wartime schedule of circulation of exhibits at thirteen-day intervals from January through June and under the normal ten-day schedule from September through December, twenty-eight exhibits were delivered to each school for display and study in the classrooms. Eight new exhibits were com- pleted and added to the circuit during the year, and twenty exhibits were wholely or partially revised. Forty- two cases were damaged in circulation, two by fire. Repairs were made on 350 cases. Traveling exhibits that go from school to school and from class- room to classroom are necessarily subjected to greater strains than are exhibits installed in museum halls. For this reason, installations in portable exhibits must be more secure and the materials used in their preparation must be tougher than in stationary exhibits. 26 •, Fig. 1. Mr. Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist, is shown assembling one of the portable exhibits that are circulated by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension among Chicago schools during the school year. Recent years have seen the development in the industrial field of many new materials that are highly adaptable for setting up port- able exhibits. The Harris Extension has worked out techniques for using some of these new materials — notably plastics — but was handicapped during the war by the unavailability of necessary machinery. In the last half of the year, several long-awaited machines were received and put into use. In June, 1946, the Harris Extension completed its removal into new quarters across the corridor from its former location. Although a serious interruption in the regular progression of activities and a major undertaking for the Harris Extension, such a move was con- sidered advantageous in that it would make possible the rearrange- mejit and modernization of workrooms and laboratories for more efficient application of techniques developed in recent years. In addition to its regular service of circulating exhibits to Chicago schools, the Harris Extension filled thirty requests by teachers for specific exhibits and special study material. Typical Harris Exten- sion exhibits selected to demonstrate variety of subject-matter have been on display during the year in Stanley Field Hall and in an alcove of the north corridor on the ground floor of the Museum. 27 Raymond Foundation The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation con- tinued in 1946 its usual presentation of lectures, tours, stories, and motion-picture programs for groups of people in the Museum and in the schools. Its activities, however, were gradually enlarged during the year as a result of the cessation of war restrictions, particularly those on transportation. This was especially noticeable in the number of school groups attending the Museum, a number larger than in 1945, in spite of many cancellations necessitated by two coal strikes (1945: 360 groups, 11,602 pupils; 1946: 546 groups, 17,973 pupils). The regular series of educational programs for children were given on Saturday mornings in March, April, October, and Novem- ber and on Thursday mornings in July and August. A new feature of the 1946 series was the appearance of several speakers with their own motion pictures. In order to make these programs exceptionally good, they are now presented only once, at 10:30 a.m., instead of twice in a morning, as in the past. This has necessarily reduced the total attendance. In 1945, forty-eight programs were given, with an attendance of 29,813 children, while the total attendance in 1946 for twenty-four programs was 22,202 children. Museum Stories were published as in former years and presented to the children who attended the spring and fall series of programs. In this way, approximately 18,000 copies of the stories were given to children. After each series of programs was completed, copies that remained were turned over to the Book Shop for sale at one Fig. 2. Chimney swift and its nest. Illustration from Museum Story, "The Cl^m- ney Swift/' published in 1946 by the Raymond Foundation. 28 i cent each. Orders for these and Museum Stories of other years were received from all parts of the United States. A total of 174,533 copies was distributed in 1946 by the Book Shop (Fig. 2). In the hope of assisting to raise the standards of nature-study counseling in local summer camps, a series of four evening lectures was held in late spring. The sessions gave a survey of the natural history of the Chicago region — its animal life, trees, wild flowers, and geology. Registration was restricted to individuals actively engaged in nature work in camps. The 535 people who attended the course were, mainly, members of camp staffs of Chicago Y.M.C.A., Boy Scouts of America, and Girl Scouts. Four new extension lectures were offered to the Chicago schools: "The Story of the Dunes," "Snakes and Their Relatives," "Chicago Millions of Years Ago," and "World Breadbaskets." In December, the annual delegations of rural boy and girl members of the 4-H Clubs visited the Museum, totaling 700 girls and 300 boys in two groups. Following is a summary of Raymond Foundation activities in 1946, with attendance figures: Activities within the Museum: bor children Groups Attendance Groups Attendance Tours in Museum halls 546 17,973 Radio follow-up programs 6 721 Lectures preceding tours 17 2,600 Motion picture programs 24 22,202 Total 593 43,496 For adults Tours in Museum halls 355 5,987 Nature Course for Camp Counselors 4 535 Total 359 6 , 522 Extension Activities: Extension lectures 198 68,484 Total 198 68,484 Total for Raymond Foundation Activities 1 , 150 118 , 502 Activities in which Raymond Foundation Participated: Adult (foreign-born) Commencement. ... 1 500 Achievement Officers Conference 1 600 Saturday afternoon free lecture course for adults 18 14,306 Total 20 15,406 ; Grand Total 1,170 133,908 29 Layman Lectures Mr. Paul G. Dallwig, volunteer member of the Museum staff, continued his work as the Layman Lecturer during this year, giving lectures on each Sunday afternoon in January, March, April, and May for the ninth successive year. In November, to mark his tenth year in the service of the Museum, Mr. Dallwig inaugurated a series of double programs for each Sunday, with the first lecture given at 11:30 o'clock in the morning and the second, on a different subject, at 2:30 o'clock in the afternoon. Continuing the precedent set in past years, Mr. Dallwig's lectures were restricted to adults and were held both in the Museum lecture hall and in various exhibition halls. Total attendance for the lectures in 1946 was 3,584, an average of 105 persons at each of the 34 lectures. Grateful acknowledgment is made by the Museum to Mr. Dallwig for his notable service. Contributions The sum of $20,224.35 was received from the estate of the late Abby K. Babcock, In recognition thereof, Abby K. Babcock was posthumously elected by the Trustees a Contributor of the Museum. "Contributor" is the special membership designation for all persons who give or devise between $1,000 and $100,000 to the Museum in money or materials. Names of Contributors are enrolled on an Honor List in perpetuity. Mr. Elmer J. Richards, of Chicago, made an additional contri- bution of $4,000 for the purchase of specimens for the Cryptogamic Herbarium. The sum of $12,000 was received from S. C. Johnson and Sons, Incorporated, of Racine, Wisconsin, to finance a future project on palm genetics. Mrs. Broadus James Clarke, of Chicago, made an additional contribution of $2,071.50 to The Broadus James Clarke Fund, a fund that she has established in memory of her late husband. Dr. Maurice L. Richardson, of Lansing, Michigan, gave an addi- tional sum of $500 to The Maurice L. Richardson Paleontological Fund. The LaSalle Steel Company, of Chicago, contributed $2,500. Mr. C. Suydam Cutting, of New York City, contributed $500. Mr. Donald Richards, of Chicago, contributed $500. Mr. Peder A. Christensen, of St. Louis, made an additional gift of money. Mr. Stanley Field, President of the Museum, contributed $30,081. Mr. Boardman Conover, of Chicago, a Trustee of the Museum, contributed $2,924. Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator Emeritus of the Department of Zoology, contributed $1,200. 30 In recognition of important gifts of material to the collections of the Museum, the following donors were elected Contributors: Mr. Donald Richards, Mr. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., of Winnetka, Illinois, and Mr. Albert Burke Wolcott, of Downers Grove, Illinois. Mr. Richards gave approximately five thousand cryptogamic specimens, mostly mosses. Mr. Traylor, an Associate in the Division of Birds, gave a collection of zoological specimens. Mr. Wolcott, a staff member of the Museum for thirty-four years before his retire- ment in February, 1942, presented a collection of 4,740 beetles of the family Cleridae, together with his specialized library of twenty- eight volumes and 1,275 pamphlets on insects. Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, gave to the Museum 1,413 microscope slides of animal tissue. Other collections of material were received during the year from individuals and from institutions in this country and other countries. Acknowledgment of these gifts is made in the List of Accessions in this Report. The Chicago Park District turned over to the Museum $136,242.43 as its share of taxes levied to aid in the support of several museums under an act of the state legislature. Expeditions The Museum's extensive program of expeditions, suspended during the war, was resumed early in 1946. Details of activity in the field are given under the several departmental headings in this Report. Expeditions of 1946 were: Department of Anthropology: Archaeological Expedition to Peru — Mr. Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology and Archaeology, in charge; Archaeological Expedition to the South- west, 1946 — Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator, in charge. Department of Botany: Botanical Expedition to Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador — Mr. Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, in charge. Department of Geology: Paleontological Expedition to the Southwest, 1946 — Mr. Bryan Patterson, Curator of Paleontology, in charge; Field Trip to Cretaceous Beds in Alabama — Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, in charge. Department of Zoology: Bikini Atoll Expedition, 1946 — Mr. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Associate, Division of Birds, in charge; Peruvian Zoological Expedition — Mr. Colin C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, in charge; Philippines Zoological Expedition, 1946-47 — Captain Harry Hoogstraal in charge. 31 New Exhibits Of nine new exhibits completed during the year by the Depart- ment of Anthropology, one was installed in Chauncey Keep Memo- rial Hall (Hall 3, Races of Mankind) and eight in the Hall of New World Archaeology (Hall B). Notable among those in Hall B are a sculpture, four feet high, of a Hopewell man enlarged from an original Hopewell figurine of about a.d. 1100 1400 and a restoration showing the culture of the Coles Creek Indians who lived in central Louisiana about A.D. 1400 (Fig. 4). The most important addition to exhibits of the Department of Botany in this year is the large plant habitat group of Welwitschia mirahilis, representing an African desert scene in the Portugese colony of Angola, the fifth in a series of six life-size groups to be completed in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29, Plant Life). A large mural, "Cycads in a Temple Garden," was painted and mounted in Hall 29, along with others that illustrate unusual forms of plant life (Fig. 6). A new exhibit in the Department of Geology, "The Classification of Minerals," and its companion case, "Physical Properties of Minerals," already installed in the Hall of Minerals (Hall 34), give the Museum visitor a comprehensive introduction to the study of mineralogy. The collection of amber was reinstalled, and certain exhibits are being rearranged. Extensive plans have been made for the modernization of exhibits in other halls of the Department. Four paintings of modern whaling were installed by the Depart- ment of Zoology in the Hall of Whales (Hall N-1), where they sup- plement the large mural of whaling in sailing-ship days (Fig. 5). Additions of important types of fishes were continued in the Hall of Fishes (Hall 0); meanwhile, a panel of paintings intended for the exhibit of deep-sea fishes has been placed as a temporary exhibit in the corridor adjoining Hall 0. Special exhibits in the Museum during the year were the First Chicago International Exhibition of Nature Photography, held under the joint auspices of the Chicago Nature Camera Club and the Museum; an exhibit illustrating the source of penicillin (Fig. 3), prepared by Mr. Emil Sella, Chief Preparator of Exhibits of the Department of Botany, for which Mr. William A. Daily of Butler University acted as scientific consultant; "Art from Nature," drawings made by school children in art classes conducted in this Museum by instructors from the Junior School of the Art Institute of Chicago; and, sponsored by Life magazine, "The Incas," a series of large photographs of ancient Inca ruins in Peru. 32 Fig. 3. Mr. Emil Sella, Chief Preparator, is shown at work in the laboratory of the Department of Botany on the special exhibit that illustrates penicillin. Cultures and models of the common mold, a species of Penicillium, source of commercial peni' cillin, are made of glass and greatly magnified for purposes of illustration. The exhibit is now on display in Stanley Field Hall. 33 University, College, and Art School Relationships Newest of the co-operative educational arrangements maintained by this Museum with universities, colleges, and schools is that with Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, described earlier in this Report. Oldest of such arrangements is that which has existed for man}' years with the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. The number of classes and students, both of child and adult ages, sent in 1946 by the Art Institute to sketch and study in the exhibi- tion halls of this Museum was greatly increased. From the junior department of the School, very large groups of children of grade- school age came, especially on Saturdays. A special classroom and other aids to their work have been provided for the art students by the Museum. Many of the paintings, drawings, sculptures, and ceramic objects resulting from the work of the art classes at this Museum have been of so much interest that the Art Institute now displays them in a special exhibit, first in its own halls and then at other institutions, including Chicago Natural History Museum, where they were made. Classes in museology from the University of Chicago were con- tinued in 1946. Regularly enrolled students, whose other days were spent in studies on the university campus, spent two full days a week at the Museum, from October to June. Their Museum classes and laboratory work were under the direction of Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, and Mr. Donald Collier and Mr. George I. Quimby, Curators in the Department of Anthropology, all of whom are associates on the faculty of the University of Chicago. Mr. Bryan Patterson, Curator of Paleontology, and Dr. Paul 0. McGrew, Assistant Curator until his resignation from the Museum staff in May, continued their duties as faculty lecturers of the University of Chicago for groups of students sent by the university to the Museum. These classes are under the direction of Dr. Everett C. Olson of the University of Chicago, Research Associate in Verte- brate Paleontology on the Museum's staff. Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator of Zoology, continued as a lecturer to classes in his subject at the University of Chicago. Dr. Theodor Just, Associate Curator of Botany, and Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, supervised studies of students in botany who were sent to the Museum by Northwestern University. Several members of the faculty and graduate students of Northwestern University used the facilities of the Museum during the year, especially the herbaria and the exhibits of economic plants 34 Fig. 4. A new diorama in Hall B shows a community of prehistoric mound-build' mg Indians of Louisiana. On the pyramidal mound of earth plastered with clay (foreground) is a thatched temple surrounded by poles bearing trophy skulls. and products. During 1946, the entire cryptogamic herbarium of Northwestern University was incorporated into the Herbarium of the Museum as a permanent loan. The phanerogamic herbarium of the university is now being transferred to the Museum and also will be incorporated into the Herbarium as a permanent loan. The Museum presented to Roosevelt College, the newest of Chicago institutions of higher learning, nineteen relief maps, which, while technically accurate and of high quality, were no longer required as exhibits at the Museum. At the new college, they will serve a useful purpose as teaching aids. Personnel The growth of the Museum and its activities and the resulting pressure in the office of the Director required, by 1946, the creation of a new position, designated as Deputy Director, to replace that of Assistant to the Director, a post that had been vacant for several years. The duties of the Deputy Director combine those of the former Assistant to the Director and certain additional responsi- bilities. Mr. John R. Millar was appointed to the new position of Deputy Director, which he assumed on January 1, 1946. Mr. Millar has been a member of the Museum staff since 1918. He 35 began his work in the Museum as a preparator in the Department of Botany and, later, was a member of important Museum expedi- tions to southern Florida, British Guiana, Brazil, and the Bay of Fundy. In 1938, he was appointed Curator of the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension. Mr. Richard A. Martin, of the Department of Anthropology, succeeded Mr. Millar as Curator of the Department of the N. W. Harris Extension. Mr. Martin was a member of two Museum expeditions in the Near East, in 1934 and 1935, and joined the Museum staff in 1937 as Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology. He was responsible for the preparation of the Kish exhibits in Hall K (Archaeology of Babylonia). Members of the Museum staff who had been absent in military and other government service during the war, not included in the list of those reported as returned in 1945, resumed their posts at the Museum in 1946, with the exception of one who is still absent in government service and two who resigned without returning to the Museum. Those who returned in 1946 are: Lieutenant (j.g.) Elizabeth Best, U.S.N.R.(W.R.); Raymond Foundation Guide-Lecturer Captain Emmet R. Blake, U. S. Army; Assistant Curator, Birds Staff Sergeant Henry Horback, U. S. Army; Preparator, Geology Chief Specialist John W. Moyer, U.S.N.R.; formerly Taxidermist, now in charge of Motion Pictures Herbert Nelson, Painter 1/C, U.S.N. R.; Painter Lieutenant (j.g.) Marie B. Pabst, U.S.N.R.(W.R.); Raymond Foundation Guide-Lecturer James H. Quinn, Metalsmith 2/C, U.S.N.R.; Chief Preparator, Paleontology Staff Sergeant John Rinaldo, U. S. Army; Assistant, Archaeology Captain Sharat K. Roy, U. S. Army Air Forces; Acting Chief Curator, Geology Lieutenant Commander Colin C. Sanborn, U.S.N.R.; Curator, Mammals Lieutenant Alexander Spoehr, U. S. Naval Aviation; Curator, Oceanic Ethnology Major Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., U.S.M.C.R.; Associate, Birds Captain Rupert L. Wenzel, U. S. Army; Assistant Curator, Insects Of those listed here. Miss Best, Miss Pabst, and Mr. Nelson have resigned since their return. The two staff members who resigned without returning are Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, formerly Curator of Birds, and Mr. Bryant Mather, formerly Assistant Curator of Mineralogy, both in civilian government service during the war. Mr. Boulton will continue his relationship with the Museum as Research Associate, Division of Birds, to which honorary position he was elected upon resignation of his curatorship. Dr. C. Martin Wilbur, Curator of Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology, is still in government service with the State Department. ^6 Upon his return from the Army, Dr. Roy, formerly Curator of Geology, was appointed Acting Chief Curator of the Department of Geology. Dr. Spoehr, formerly Curator of North American Ethnology and Archaeology, was transferred to the Curatorship of Oceanic Ethnology, and Dr. Rinaldo, formerly Associate in South- western Archaeology, was appointed Assistant in Archaeology. Mr. Moyer, who returned to his position of Taxidermist in the Department of Zoology, has been placed in charge of the new Division of Motion Pictures. Dr. Theodor Just, formerly head of the Department of Biology at the University of Notre Dame, joined the Museum staff in August as Associate Curator in the Department of Botany. Dr. Harry K. Phinney joined the staff on a one-year appointment as Assistant Curator of Cryptogamic Botany. Mrs. Emily M. Wilcoxson, Librarian since 1930, retired from that position on June 30, after forty-one years of service in the Museum Library. Mr. Carl W. Hintz, formerly Director of the Libraries of the University of Maryland, succeeded Mrs. Wilcoxson as Librarian. Mrs. Wilcoxson is continuing her association with the Museum as Librarian Emerita. Mr. John W. Winn was appointed Assistant in the Division of Fishes, and Mr. James E. Trott was appointed Artist-Preparator in the Division of Insects. Mr. Ronald J. Lambert was appointed Assistant Taxidermist; Miss Louise Boynton was appointed secre- tary to the Librarian; and Miss Helen Gibson (later Mrs. John W. Moyer) was appointed clerk in the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. New members of the lecture staff of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation, appointed during the year, are: Miss Lorain Farmer, Miss Winona Hinkley, Miss June Ruzicka, and Miss Marie Svoboda. Miss Emma Neve resigned from the staff. During the summer. Miss Mary Augustine and Miss Shirley Soffel served temporarily as guide-lecturers. Mr. Loren P. Woods, Assistant Curator of Fishes, was granted a leave of absence to accept a temporary post as Associate Curator of Fishes in the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. Mr. Julius Friesser, Staff Taxidermist, who had been on leave of absence since June, 1945, returned to his position at the Museum in July. Mr. J. Francis Macbride, Curator of Peruvian Botany, continued on an indefinite leave of absence in California. Dr. Paul 0. McGrew, Assistant Curator of Paleontology, resigned from the Museum staff to accept an assistant professorship in the 37 Department of Geology at the University of Wyoming in Laramie. Mr. Noble Stephens, Assistant Auditor and Manager of the Museum Book Shop, resigned to accept a position with the American Bar Association. Mr. W. E. Eigsti, Staff Taxidermist, resigned to accept a position as director of the Hastings (Nebraska) Museum. Mr. Orville Gilpin, Preparator in Paleontology, and Miss Elsey Merriam, Assistant Librarian, resigned during the year. Two new Research Associates, in addition to Mr. Boulton, as stated above, were appointed. Dr. Robert J. Braidwood, Assistant Professor of Old World Prehistory and of Anthropology at the University of Chicago, was appointed Research Associate in Old World Prehistory in the Department of Anthropology. Dr. R. M. Strong, Professor Emeritus of Anatomy in the School of Medicine, Loyola University, was appointed Research Associate in Anatomy in the Department of Zoology. Research appointments are hon- orary; they are based upon scientific achievement. A number of persons were brought to the Museum on temporary appointments to assist in clearing up work that had accumulated because of understafRng during the war. They included Miss Louise Sweet, in the Department of Anthropology; Mr. Robert H. Forbes, in the Department of Botany; Miss Priscilla Freudenheim, in the Department of Geology; and, in the Department of Zoology, Miss Laura Brodie, Mr. Luis de la Torre, Mr. William Finney, Mr. Francis D. Fisher, Mr. Harold Goldsmith, Mr. Harold Grutzmacher, Jr., Miss Marjorie P. Howe, Mr. Robert F. Inger, Miss Frances Patterson, Mr. Eugene Ray, and Mr. Leonard Rosenthal. Mr. Milton Copulos, Artist-Preparator in the Department of Botany, and Miss Bessie E. Miller, membership solicitor, pensioned in 1946, were retained in active service for an additional period. With regret I record that two Museum employees and two Museum pensioners died in 1946: Mr. John Donges, electrician; Mrs. Frances Goetz, clerk in the Department of Botany; Mr. John A. Weber, a guard for forty years preceding his retirement; and Mr. A. W. Mahlmann, for many years before his retirement a pressman in the Division of Printing. Volunteer Workers The Museum continues, as for many years past, to be indebted to an earnest group of volunteer workers whose contribution of time and effort to the interests of the Museum and of science, without compensation, is noteworthy both in volume and in quality. Some 38 1 Fig. 5. Four paintings by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert, representing whaling at sea with modern equipment, are displayed in Hall N'l (Hall of Whales), in con- trast with his mural, at the end of the hall, of sperm-whaling in the days of sailing ships. The two paintings shown here represent the "killer boats" (above) and the "factory ship" (below), as they operate in antarctic waters. 39 of these are included in the List of Staff at the beginning of this Report — they are distinguished from salaried workers by the titles "Research Associate," "Associate," and, in one case, "Layman Lecturer." Others, not in that list, to whom grateful acknowledg- ment is made of valuable services, are: Department oj Botany: Professor George D. Fuller, Mrs. Catherine M. Richards, Mr. Donald Richards, Mr. Albert E. Vatter, Jr., and Dr. Frances E. Wynne; Department of Geology: Mr. George Lang- ford, Dr. R. H. Whitfield, and Mrs. Violet S. Whitfield; Department of Zoology: Mrs. Marjorie Falk, Mr. Robert L. Haas, Mr. Rodger D. Mitchell, Professor Oscar Neumann (who died during the year), Mr. Howard Pero, Mrs. Sarah H. Pope, Mr. Allen Solem, Mr. Wade Whitman, and Mr. Daniel J. Zimring. Dr. Ch'eng-chao Liu, of West China Union University, Chengtu, China, State Department Visiting Fellow, began a six-month research project at this Museum in the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, continuing into 1947. Special Staff Activities Each year, members of the Museum staff participate in meetings of various learned societies, in co-operative enterprises with other museums, and in editorial work on various scientific journals. The importance of these activities cannot be too strongly stressed, for by them the relationships between this Museum and kindred insti- tutions are broadened and scientific research in general is advanced. Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology, attended the first postwar meeting of the African Anthropological Committee of the National Research Council, Washington, D.C., held at North- western University in February, where plans were drawn to continue the interest in the African area aroused during the war. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium, presented a paper on "The Flora of Guatemala" before the botanical section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at its meeting in March in St. Louis, and Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, served as secretary of the systematic section (botany). Mr. Rupert L. Wenzel, Assistant Curator of Insects, and Mr. Henry S. Dybas, Assistant in the Division of * Insects, attended the meetings of the entomological section. Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator, Department of Zoology, presided at the first postwar meeting of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, held at the Carnegie Museum in 40 Fig. 6. The mural portraying Japanese cycads in a temple garden near Shimizu, Japan, in Hall 29, was painted by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert from a drawing published in ''American Fossil Cycads" (1906) by G. R. Wieland. Pittsburgh in April, where he was joined by Mr. Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, Mr. D. Dwight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy, and Mr. Loren P. Woods, Assistant Curator of Fishes. Mr. Schmidt's address, as retiring president of the Society, was on "The New Systematics, the New Anatomy, and the New Natural History." Mr. Schmidt and Mr. Davis also attended the meetings of the American Society of Mammalogists, held at the Carnegie Museum, As delegate of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpe- tologists, Mr. Schmidt attended the annual meeting of the Division of Biology and Agriculture of the National Research Council in Washington, D.C., in April. He was a participant in the Pacific Science Conference, held in Washington in June under the auspices of the National Research Council. He was elected treasurer of the newly organized Society for the Study of Evolution. Mr. John R. Millar, Deputy Director, represented this Museum at the meetings of the American Association of Museums in Wash- ington, D.C., in May. While in the East, he visited leading museums for consultations on matters of common interest. Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates, attended the meetings of the 41 American Malacological Union in Washington, D.C., in August and presented a paper on "Shell Sculpture in Normally Smooth Unionid Shells." The Director of this Museum served as chairman of the local committee on arrangements for the Midwest Museums Conference of the American Association of Museums, which met in Chicago late in October. The programs of the meetings were held in the various Chicago museums. Mr. Carl W. Hintz, Librarian, was appointed to the American Library Association's Board of Resources of American Libraries for a five-year term, beginning October 1, 1946. By virtue of this fact, he was invited to attend the Conference on International Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Exchanges held at Princeton in Novem- ber. At this time, he inspected the libraries of the United States National Museum, in Washington, D.C., the Academy of Natural Science, in Philadelphia, and the American Museum of Natural Science, in New York. He has continued to serve on the American Library Association's Committee on Book Acquisitions. Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Acting Chief Curator, Department of Geology, Mr. Bryan Patterson, Curator of Paleontology, Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, Mr. Harry E. Changnon, Assistant in Geology, and Mr. Henry Horback, Preparator, were members of the Chicago group that was host to the December meetings of the Geological Society of America and its affiliate, the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Mr. Patterson is secretary of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. At the meeting of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science in Boston in December, Dr. Theodor Just, Associate Curator, Department of Botany, presented a paper on "Geology and Plant Distribution." He was re-elected secretary of the paleobotanical section of the Botanical Society of America and reappointed chairman of the committee on paleobotanical nomen- clature. Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, was elected secretary of the systematic section and Dr. Sherff was elected chairman. Dr. Sherff was also chairman in 1946 of the Council of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. In December, Chicago Natural History Museum, the University of Chicago, and Northwestern University were hosts at the forty- fifth annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association and its affiliated societies. Two members of the Museum staff. Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Ethnology, and Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology, presented papers; and 42 Mr. George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits, was a member of the Chicago committee on arrangements. Dr. Just continued in 1946 as editor of the American Midland Naturalist and of Lloydia, and as assistant editor of Chronica Botanica. Dr. Sherff was made associate editor of Brittonia. Mr. Schmidt continued his work as a member of the editorial staff of the American Midland Naturalist and as herpetological editor of Copeia. Mr. Stanley Field, President of the Museum, became a Trustee of the Pacific War Memorial, and Mr. Schmidt accepted membership on its scientific advisory committee. In recognition of his contribu- tion to arctic geology, a mountain on the south coast of Baffin Island has been named for Dr. Roy. The name appears in the latest map of that area issued by the Hydrographic Office, Washington, D.C. Dr. Roy made his first trip to Frobisher Bay in 1927-28, as staff geologist of the Rawson-Macmillan Expedition of the Museum. Fig. 7. Melanesian ethnological objects lent by Chicago Natural History Museum to the Museum of Modern Art, New York, are displayed in a special exhibit, ''Arts of the South Seas." Photograph by courtesy of the Museum of Modern Art. 'D 43 Fig. 8. This sculpture (four feet high), a modified enlarge- ment of a Hopewell figurine, was especially constructed for exhibit in Hall B. The origi- nal, three and one-sixteenth inches high, excavated from the Knight Mounds in west central Illinois, is in the col- lection of the State Museum at Springfield. Department of Anthropology Expeditions and Research During the summer, from June to September, the Museum resumed archaeological field work in western New Mexico under the leadership of Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology. The work this season included excavations and reconnaissance for new sites. The excavations were carried on again at the SU site, previously explored in 1939 and 1941. The dating of the SU site is of the utmost importance, and it is hoped to accomplish this by dendrochronology. In order to date a site by this means, one must recover as many roof beams or poles as possible. The gathering of such wood specimens (usually burned) was the principal goal of the 1946 expedition. About 150 pieces of wood were excavated from the pit houses. Of this number, probably only ten per cent will be suitable for dating 44 i purposes. A few charred roof poles were excavated in the two pre- vious seasons. A tentative date of a.d. 500 has been placed on the 3U site. It should be noted that this date is tentative and was calculated by means of typology and analogy. The wood specimens collected during the three seasons have been shipped to Dr. A. E. Douglass of the Tree-Ring Laboratory, University of Arizona, for study. If dates are derived from the SU logs, the information will be released as soon as available. One of the baffling features of the work at the SU site was the complete absence of Mogollon Red-on-Brown pottery — a pottery type found at several other near-by sites that have been dated at from A.D. 700 to 900. No satisfactory explanation for this lack has yet been advanced by Dr. Martin, although it is possible that the SU site was in existence before the birth of this pottery type. The numerous and large pits sunk through the floors of the pit houses have always been somewhat puzzling. During the season of 1946, evidence was unearthed that yielded some data for advancing three hypotheses concerning the uses of these pits. They may have been: (1) for storage of foods; (2) for sleeping purposes and for burials; and (3) for storage of food-grinding tools. A total of 525 stone and bone tools, 16 fragments of paint pigments, 10,000 sherds, 15 pieces of restorable pottery, 4 skeletons, and 150 charred logs was recovered from the excavations. Ten pit houses (Q to Z) were dug with the assistance of five local laborers and several assistants, including Dr. John Rinaldo, of the anthro- pological staff of the Museum, and three students: Mr. Robert Anderson, Mr. Tod Egan, and Mr. Leonard Johnson (Fig. 9). Motion pictures in color were taken of some aspects of the expedi- tionary work and these have been supplemented by scenes taken in the departmental laboratories. The latter were photographed under the direction of Mr. John W. Moyer of the Museum's Motion Picture Division. A report on the summer's researches is now being prepared and will be published by the Museum Press. Complete anthropometric data on and photographs of 166 Bra- zilian Indians were collected for the Museum by Mr. and Mrs. James B. Watson of the Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma. These were accompanied by a number of ethnological photographs. These records and photographs are now on file at the Museum, In the early part of 1946, the Museum Press published Crani- ometry of Ambrym Island, by Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology. It gives a detailed study of a series of skulls 45 brought from that island by the late Dr. Albert B. Lewis, leader of the Joseph N. Field South Pacific Expedition (1909 1913). This research should be particularly welcome to physical anthropologists, since detailed measurements of Ambrym skulls seem to be lacking. Now in the Museum Press, and nearing the final stage, is Dr. Hambly's Cranial Capacities, A Study in Methods. The data has been gathered from a vast body of literature to which has been added the results obtained by measuring the cranial capacities of 429 adult Melanesian skulls in the Museum collections. One principal object of research on cranial capacities has been the discovery of a formula for calculating the average capacity of a series of skulls instead of working out the capacity by the tedious methods available. In the year 1937, the Museum published a monograph by Dr. Hambly in two volumes, entitled Source Book for African Anthro- pology, which has an extensive bibliography that has been of great service to students and teachers. During 1946 some advance has been made with a supplementary bibliography for the period 1937- 1947. The original edition is now exhausted and is ten years old, but a well-chosen bibliography covering the period mentioned would bring the volumes up to date and so continue their usefulness. Indiaris before Columbus, written in the past five years by Dr. Martin, Mr. Donald Collier, Curator of South American Ethnology and Archaeology, and Mr. George I. Quimby, Curator of Exhibits, is being published by the University of Chicago Press. This is a popular book prepared for laymen and for students beginning the study of anthropology and will be available in 1947. Dr. Robert J. Braidwood, Research Associate in Old World Prehistory at the Museum and Assistant Professor of Old World Prehistory and of Anthropology at the University of Chicago, pre- pared for publication a popular leaflet. It is entitled Prehistoric Men Fig. 9. San Francisco Red pottery bowl of rare shape, recovered from the floor of a pit house at SU site, New Mexico. Estimated age of this bowl is 1,500 years. 46 and will replace Anthropology Leaflet No. 31 (Prehistoric Mmi), now out of print. Dr. Braidwood has successfully presented the story of man's development in Europe in simple and effective language. This popular leaflet will be illustrated with some two- color plates as well as drawings and photographs. Publication is scheduled for 1947. A reprinting of Jade by Dr. Berthold Laufer, late Chief Curator of the Department of Anthropology, originally published by the Museum in 1912, was brought out in December by P. D. and lone Perkins, publishers. South Pasadena, California. During 1946, Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Curator of Oceanic Eth- nology, completed a study of the changes brought about in the social organization of the Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee Indians through contact with white men. This study completes a project, under- taken before the war, on culture change among the Indians of the southeastern United States. In commencing work on the peoples of the Pacific area. Curator Spoehr also began a study of the material culture of Matty and Durour islands, in the Micronesian area. The Museum is fortunate in having a representative collection from these islands to provide a basis for this study. In order to clarify the historical relations of the Pacific peoples, particularly in Micronesia and Melanesia, careful comparative studies of individual cultures are essential. As the native peoples of the Pacific area are drawn into increas- ingly close contact with the United States, problems relating to culture contact and change assume greater interest and importance. An understanding of the particular channels of communication and transportation through which Pacific peoples are being affected by contact with the West is a necessary preliminary to studies of cul- ture change. To this end. Dr. Spoehr contributed an article to the Geographical Review on the importance of the Marshall Islands in trans-Pacific air transport. In March, Dr. Spoehr examined Oceanic collections in eastern museums and universities and ascertained what field work in the Pacific area these institutions were contemplating. Also, at the invitation of the National Research Council, he attended the meet- ings of the Pacific Science Conference held in Washington, D.C., in June, to formulate specific recommendations for future research in the Pacific. Curator Collier assisted with the exhibits for the Hall of Archae- ology of the New World (Hall B) and prepared material for inclu- 47 ^ion in the Handbook of Latin American Studies. In June, he left Chicago as leader of a Museum expedition to Peru, where he exca- vated for six months in the coastal region near Trujillo. He was ereatly assisted bv the transportation, laboratory and housmg f-ic-ilitie-^ and air maps made available by the Institute of Andean Research through a grant by the Viking Fund. In Viru Valley, he was fortunate enough to find a stratified deposit that yielded material from all known ceramic periods of this region. The sequence was as follows: about A.D. 100, Cupisnique; then Salinar, Gallinazo, and Mochia; at about A.D. 1000, Coast Tiahuanaco followed by Chimu; and at about A.D. 1450, Inca (Figs. 10, 17, 19). This work confirms all the earlier work that he and others have done in that area. A report of Mr. Collier's work will be published by the Museum Press. Dr. Rinaldo returned to the staff from Army service in February and spent the first four months in research on and cataloguing of the Herzfeld collection of Persian antiquities acquired in 1945. From June to September, Dr. Rinaldo assisted Dr. Martin at the SU site in New Mexico. Since his return from the field, he has catalogued the stone and bone artifacts excavated during the sum- mer and has prepared a detailed report and several drawings of them. These will be included in Dr. Martin's report. During November, Curator Quimby visited thirty-one museums in the United States and Canada for the purpose of studying anthro- pological exhibits, collections, and research activities. Toggle Harpoon Heads from the Aleutian Islands, a short paper by Mr. Quimby, was published by the Museum in December. A brief article entitled "The Prehistory of Kamchatka" was accepted for publication in American Antiquity by the Society for American Archaeology. In addition to research for use in the preparation of exhibits for Hall B, Mr. Quimby continued research on the archae- ology of the Aleutian Islands and began research on the problem of the Chinese on the Northwest Coast between a.d. 1785 and 1800. During the summer, Mr. Quimby taught an introductory course in North American archaeology for Northwestern University. In July, work was commenced on the subject file project, a new indexing of the Department's catalogue cards for its archaeological and ethnological collections. The catalogue cards at present are arranged by accession and number, a system that is awkward, arbitrary, and not adjusted to the needs and interests of the staff, students, and the general public. The new file will be organized by geographical divisions and then by descriptive headings, similar to the arrangement of a library subject file or an encyclopedia. It 48 <*»••■ Fig. 10. Ceremonial chamber with niches, in a Chimu town (about A.D. 1450) that was excavated by the 1946 Archaeological Expedition to Peru. will be an exact and all-inclusive index to the specimens in the Department's collection. The ethnological division is being set up first. The project is being carried out by Miss Louise Sweet, of the staff. During the year, Dr. Martin presented lectures to various groups of adults, to school children, and to graduate students at the Uni- versity of Chicago. Usually slides and movies of the excavations in New Mexico were shown. Curators Collier, Quimby, and Spoehr also lectured at the University of Chicago, presenting discourses from their own special fields of knowledge. The course on museology, given in co-operation with the Depart- ment of Anthropology of the University of Chicago, was continued. The classes, consisting of four graduate students, are held for two entire days each week throughout the school year from October to June. This course has become so well known that two students came from abroad especially to the University of Chicago so that they might register for the training given at the Museum. The training is a kind of internship, in which the students learn to conduct all of the operations necessary in a museum. Such things as cataloguing, rearranging storerooms, mending and restoring 49 pottery, planning exhibits, and writing labels are thoroughly covered. In addition, the Director of the Museum, the Superintendent, the Public Relations Counsel, the Curator of the Harris Extension, the Chief of the Raymond Foundation, and the Associate Editor of Scientific Publications lecture to the students. In this manner, a well-rounded knowledge of the workings of a great museum is obtained. Miss Charlotte Otten is working in the Department on a fellow- ship from the University of Chicago. A part of her work is concerned with planning exhibits under the direction of the curators of the Department. Installations and Rearrangements — Anthropology Nine new exhibits were completed in the Department of Anthro- pology, under the direction of Curator of Exhibits Quimby, assisted by Artist Gustaf Dalstrom, Dioramist Alfred Lee Rowell, Ceramic Restorer John Pletinckx, Chief Curator Martin, and Curators Collier, Spoehr, and Hambly. Eight are on display in the Hall of Archaeology of the New World (Hall B) and the ninth in Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall (Races of Mankind, Hall 3), as follows: 1. Early Northern Hunters. — Copper tools and weapons of Indians of the Great Lakes region about A.D. 700. Knives, spear- heads, axes, gouges, chisels, harpoons, and other tools and weapons made of beaten copper, believed to be much older than the copper tools and ornaments of later Indians. 2. The Red Paint Indians. — Stone tools and weapons of ancient huntsmen of the Maine woods (A.D. 500-1100). Daily activities are illustrated with tools and weapons. On the floor of the exhibit is a reconstructed burial covered with red ocher. In the center of the exhibit there is a miniature diorama showing how the Indians hunted moose. The diorama was constructed by Mr. Rowell. 3. Fishermen of the North. — The story of how the Interior and Coastal tribes of northwestern North America obtained their liveli- hood (A.D. 1000 1800). 4. Fishermen of the South. — The daily life and customs of Indians of the Channel Islands of southern California (A.D. 1000- 1800) shown by their tools, weapons, utensils, and ornaments. 5. Daily Life of Southern Farmers. — Farming, hunting, cooking, sewing, carpentry, and housing of the Indians of the central Mis- sissippi Valley (A.D. 1400-1700) illustrated by tools, weapons, utensils, and house fragments excavated from old village sites. 50 6. Ceremonial and Aesthetic Life of Southern Farmers. — An exhibit showing the temples, pyramids, ceremonial axes, ceremonial knives, maces, ornaments, tobacco pipes, and game stones (chunkey) of the Indians of the central Mississippi Valley (A.D. 1400-1700). 7. Hopewell Man. — Under the supervision of Curators Quimby and Spoehr, Ceramic Restorer Pletinckx modeled a large sculpture of a Hopewell man. This sculpture, four feet high, was enlarged with slight modifications from an original Hopewell figurine three and one-sixteenth inches tall. The original figurine was made by Hopewell Indians about A.D. 1100-1400. The enlargement, made of concrete reinforced with steel, illustrates a typical Hopewell art style — how Hopewell Indians looked to their own artists. This exhibit is in Hall B (Fig. 8). 8. Prehistoric Louisiana Diorama. — The culture of the Coles Creek Indians who lived in central Louisiana (A.D. 1300 to 1500) is the subject of a diorama installed in Hall B. The diorama shows in miniature the earthen pyramids, thatched temples, thatched houses, mound-building methods, dugout canoes, costume, pottery, and cere- monial activities of the Coles Creek Indians. It was constructed by Mr. Rowell under the direction of Curator Quimby (Fig. 4). 9. Age and Sex Diff"erences of the Human Skeleton. — An exhibit installed in Hall 3, under the supervision of Curators Spoehr, Hambly, and Quimby, shows skulls, long bones, teeth, and pelves. From these, an expert can readily determine the age and sex differ- ences in all races. A diorama of an ancient Maya city — to be placed in Hall B, when finished — was also begun by Mr. Rowell, under the super- vision of Dr. Martin and Dr. Spoehr. After several staff confer- ences, and with the generous aid of the staff of the Historical Division of Carnegie Institution of Washington, it was decided to show a portion of the ancient Maya city of Chichen-Itza, Yucatan. In the foreground will be a model of the temple called the Red House, with the adjoining ball court; near-by are models of Maya houses and of a "cenote" or water hole. The "cenote" at Chichen-Itza provided water for the inhabitants of the city. The buildings shown were built about A.D. 1000. In order to make this diorama as authentic as possible and to give Mr. Rowell a "feeling" for the setting, the Museum sent him to Chichen-Itza for a two-week period. He took many photographs and made sketches in color of the part of the city that he is portray- ing in the diorama. Mr. Pletinckx modeled the temple in plaster. 51 ■m^ ^^wt„ Fig. 11. Welwitschia plants in Mossamedes Desert, south West Africa, form a new ecological group in the Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29), prepared by Chief Preparator Emil Sella, with background by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert. Department of Botany Expeditions and Research During 1946, two volumes (Parts 4 and 5) of the Flora of Guate- mala by the Curator of the Herbarium, Mr. Paul C. Standley, and the Assistant Curator, Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, were published. The remainder of the Flora, including parts prepared by several specialists, will be issued later. In November, Mr. Standley left on an expedition to Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador, where he is collecting material for a forthcoming Flora of Middle Central America, eventually to be published by the Museum. At present, Mr. Standley is making his headquarters at the Escuela Panamericana Agricultura at Teguci- galpa, Honduras. Dr. Steyermark has supervised the typing of labels of more than 30,000 specimens collected in Ecuador and Venezuela, and is now 52 working on the identification of these collections. Important range extensions of many plants and a large number of species new to science have been found in the families thus far studied. The col- lections made on Mount Duida, Mount Roraima, and the previously unexplored Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui have proved to be rich in undescribed species and, in some cases, new genera. Various specialists are collaborating in the study of these collections. A great deal of time was devoted by the Curator and Assistant Curator of the Herbarium to determinations of plants from various parts of the United States, Mexico, and Central and South America. Of particular interest were 2,000 specimens from El Salvador, obtained by Dr. Margery C. Carlson, Department of Botany, Northwestern University. This expedition, carried out under the auspices of Northwestern University with the aid of the Museum, yielded a number of additions to the known flora of El Salvador. The specimens now in the Herbarium will be valuable material in the preparation of the forthcoming Flora of Middle Central America. In addition to many other specimens, Mr. Standley received for determination much material representing the madder (Rubiaceae) and mulberry (Moraceae) families. Dr. Steyermark began work on the identification of the large collections made by the Curator of Economic Botany, Mr. Llewelyn Williams, along the upper Orinoco River and Rio Negro in Venezuela in recent years. Mr. Williams was on leave of absence for the entire year. Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Chief Curator, continued his extensive studies of American palms and extended for publication by the Museum his manuscript on tropical and subtropical fruits, originally prepared for the benefit of the armed forces stationed in tropical areas. He spent several months of this year in Cuba collecting palms and useful plants. Dr. Theodor Just, Associate Curator of the Department, under- took the revision for publication of a manuscript on the Cycadaceae by the late Professor Charles J. Chamberlain, Research Associate of the Department of Botany, and Professor A. W. Haupt, of the University of California at Los Angeles. Mr. J. Francis Macbride, Curator of Peruvian Botany, though on leave of absence in Cali- fornia, continued his studies on the Flora of Peru at various herbaria on the west coast. Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, continued his studies in preparation of a monograph of the genus Dahlia and various small genera for publication in North American 53 Flora. He also did monographic work on certain genera of the flora of the Hawaiian Islands, a flora that he has studied extensively. The Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, Dr. Francis Drouet, con- tinued work during 1946 on a monograph of the non-filamentous Myxophyceae in collaboration with Mr. William A. Daily of Butler University. This involved three weeks of study during August and September in the herbarium and library of the University of Cali- fornia at Berkeley. A considerable part of his time was spent in determination of species of algae received at the Museum. Dr. Harry K. Phinney, appointed Assistant Curator of Crypto- gamic Botany in October, pursued further studies leading to a mono- graph of the Cladophoraceae and devoted much time to the identi- fication of fungi and algae. The reorganization of the collections of fungi is being done under his care and supervision. Dr. L. Hanford Tiffany, Research Associate, continued work on the algal flora of Illinois. Mr. Donald Richards and Dr. Frances E. Wynne, volunteers, spent as much time as possible in determina- tion of species of mosses for the Museum's collections. Miss Grace E. Scharf and Mr. Richard D. Wood, graduate students at North- western University, made progress in their research on the Micro- sporaceae and Characeae. The Department of Botany in 1946 received 287 accessions, consisting of 53,780 items of material for the economic collections, the exhibits, and the herbaria. Of these, 13,513 were received as gifts; 21,745 were exchanges; 2,020 were collected by expeditions; 14,701 were purchases; 160 were transferred from the Division of Photography; and 1,641 were negatives of type photographs made in Europe by Curator Macbride in 1939, shipment of which was delayed because of the war. The total number of specimens incorporated in the herbaria and other organized collections at the end of 1946 was 1,195,648. Dur- ing the year, 36,087 sheets of specimens and photographs of plants were added to the herbaria as well as a small number of typewritten descriptions of new species. Of the total receipts for the year, the greater part was plant specimens and photographs for the herbaria. Outstanding among the additions to the phanerogamic herbarium from foreign institutions were 984 Costa Rican specimens from the Museo Nacional, San Jos^, Costa Rica, which were presented through Professor Romulo Valerio Rodriguez; and 1,000 specimens sent in exchange by the Instituto Miguel Lillo of the Universidad de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. 54 More than 23,000 cryptogams were received during 1946, in addition to those accruing from Museum expeditions. Of these, 14,299 were purchased with funds provided by Messrs. Elmer J. and Donald Richards, 1,258 came as exchanges with other herbaria and individuals, the remainder as gifts. The most notable gift con- sisted of 5,261 specimens of bryophytes, including the personal herbarium of the late Robert S. Williams, by Mr. Donald Richards. During the year, 15,873 cryptogams were mounted and filed in the herbarium. Further progress was made toward completing the repackaging of the fungi. Large numbers of duplicate specimens were prepared for distribution to other herbaria in exchanges. The many thousands of paper packets required for storage of all these specimens were in large part folded by Mrs. Catherine M. Richards of Chicago, volunteer. By co-operative arrangement, 5,207 cryptogams, derived chiefly from the personal herbaria of Professor Storrow Higginson and the Fig. 12. New installations in Hall 29 (Hall of Plant Life) include unusual wild and cultivated plants of diverse origin. Left: Bird of paradise flower, native of South Africa. Right, above: Fruiting branch of thornless blackberry, similar to some of the cultivated varieties of Europe. Right, below: Fruiting branch of damson plum, native of western Asia and probably of adjoining parts of Europe. \ 55 late Dr. A. E. Edgecombe, were received on permanent loan from Northwestern University and were mounted and filed in the crypto- gamic herbarium. The Department distributed as exchanges 16,696 herbarium specimens, and by sale and in exchange 11,023 photographic prints from the negatives of type specimens of plants in European herbaria made by Curator Macbride. Installations and Rearrangements — Botany The most important addition to the exhibits made during the year was the plant habitat group of Wehvitschia mirabilis, prepared by Chief Preparator Emil Sella with background painted by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert. This group, showing an African desert scene in the Portuguese colony of Angola, is the fifth of a series of six life-size groups thus far completed (Fig. 11) in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29, Plant Life). Other installations were made in the synoptic exhibit of flowering plant families in the same hall. Two of these were reproductions in plastic and glass of fruiting branches of damson plum and black- berry (Fig. 12), assembled by Artist-Preparator Milton Copulos, who subsequently was occupied with cleaning and repairing some of the older exhibits needing such attention. Chief Preparator Sella completed a reproduction of a flowering specimen of the bird of Paradise flower (Strelitzia), an African member of the banana family (Fig. 12). Some of the original material for this exhibit was obtained through the co-operation of the local park conservatories. A large mural of "Cycads in a Temple Garden" (Fig. 6), the work of Staff Artist Rueckert, was installed in Hall 29 (Plant Life). Two specimens of a fresh water alga (Nostoc) were also repro- duced and will be installed with the synoptic exhibits of lower plants in Hall 29 (Plant Life). In Hall 28, an exhibit of flax was added. In Hall 27, burls and a specimen of Australian mahogany were installed. In the Hall of Food Plants (Hall 25) some models of red peppers (pimientos) were added to the exhibit of New World food plants, the originals of which were received through the courtesy of Mr. Raynor Hubbel, Pomona Products Company, Griffin, Georgia. A case containing several palm trunks was also added in this hall. The project of rebuilding some of the shallow exhibition cases to provide greater depth was carried on, and several of the remodeled cases were installed. 56 Fig. 13. Footprints of early Oli- gocene animals exposed in the bed of a dry wash near the Rio Grande in trans-Pecos Texas. Tracks of wading birds, carni- vores, three-toed horses, titano- theres, and early rliinoceroses may be seen on the hardened surface of this thirty-million- year-old mud flat. Photograph by the 1946 Paleontological Ex- pedition to the Southwest. I b^ ^ V ^ ^.c .i * Department of Geology Expeditions and Research Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Acting Chief Curator of Geology, who returned to the Museum in July, resumed his detailed studies on two meteorites, the Mapleton and the Benld. This work had been interrupted by his entry into the Army Air Forces in 1942. The Benld is one of the eleven meteorites known to have struck and damaged property. Dr. Roy also began work on a paper on the collection of Upper Ordovician fossils that he assembled in 1943 at Southampton Island in the Canadian Arctic, while awaiting transportation to his Army post in Baffin Island. Another paper, on the present status of the Museum's collection of meteorites, is also in course of preparation. Preliminary to this work, a survey of the entire collection has been made. Taking advantage of an opportunity to do field work while serving in the India-Burma theater of war. Dr. Roy obtained a month's leave from the Army and collected specimens pertaining to economic geology and paleontology from various Indian mines and from the Salt Range, Punjab, India. The results and nature of these collections will be announced in a later report. 57 Mr. Bryan Patterson, Curator of Paleontology, Mr. James H. Quinn, Chief Preparator in Paleontology, and a volunteer amateur naturalist, Mr. John M. Schmidt of Plainfield, Illinois, left for the field in September and returned in November. The area traversed lies about fifty miles southeast of Van Horn, Texas, and about 120 miles from El Paso, between the latter and Big Bend National Park. The expedition was led by Curator Patterson and was carried out in co-operation with the Bureau of Economic Geology of the University of Texas and the Texas Memorial Museum. The objec- tive of the undertaking was to make collections in a locality from which fragmentary evidence of early Oligocene mammals had been previously obtained by the University of Oklahoma and by the Texas Memorial Museum. The members of the expedition reaped rewards greater than they had expected. Eleven skulls of titano- theres, one of which was associated with a partial skeleton, two rhinoceros skulls, and numerous more or less fragmentary remains of oreodonts, small artiodactyls, three-toed horses, carnivores, and rodents were obtained. In addition, a series of casts of the foot- prints made by some of these animals, and by others whose bones have not as yet been found, was taken from layers of hardened mud on which the tracks are as perfectly preserved as though made yesterday (Fig. 13). When prepared for study, the specimens collected will be of interest, particularly from the point of view of evolution and strati- graphic sequence. The area from which the material was obtained is several hundred miles farther south than any that has yielded remains of land mammals of comparable age. It will thus have a bearing on correlation problems, since good early Oligocene mam- malian faunas are rare, and it will provide some data on the dating of the thick series of Tertiary eruptive rocks there. The results of the 1945 field trip conducted by Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, in the Cretaceous of Selma region, Alabama, were of such interest that it was decided to post- pone his proposed work in Wyoming and to revisit the same area in Alabama during May, 1946. Dr. Zangerl, assisted by Preparator William D. Turnbull and Mr. C. M. Barber of Flint, Michigan, spent several weeks in the field and obtained a good series of turtles and fishes, several mosasaurs, and a partial skeleton of a hadro- saurian dinosaur. Preparation of this material is well advanced, and Dr. Zangerl is busy upon a complete description of the fossil reptiles of the Selma formation. Parts I and II of the manuscript dealing with turtles are nearly ready for the press. It is believed that 58 Fig. 14. This shell of a marine turtle, found in the Cretaceous deposits of Alabama, is about eighty-five million years old. The disarticulated fragments of the shell are shown above. Below is the assembled shell, the results of weeks of careful piece- fitting by preparators in the Department of Geology. 59 this work will clarify the taxonomic status of several groups and will add to our knowledge of the gigantic extinct marine turtles of the family Protostegidae (Fig. 14). In addition to his work on the Selma reptiles, Dr. Zangerl has prepared a paper on a hitherto unknown anosteirine turtle from Manchuria and has continued his studies on the methodology of comparative anatomy that he began elsewhere prior to his joining the Department of Geology. He also continued with success his stereoscopic X-ray photography for details of skeletal structure. Dr. Everett C. Olson, Research Associate in Vertebrate Pale- ontology, completed an extensive manuscript, now in press, on the diadectid reptiles. Study of these very primitive Permo-Carboni- ferous forms has led Dr. Olson to new conclusions on the classi- fication and relationships of the reptiles as a whole. Curator Patterson continued his study of the Taeniodonta during the year. Dr. Paul 0. McGrew, formerly Assistant Curator in the Depart- ment, now at the University of Wyoming, will continue studies on fossil horses that he began at this Museum in 1945. Installations and Rearrangements — Geology Following the policy adopted in recent years of providing intro- ductory exhibits that will lead to proper appreciation of a subject as a whole, Mr. Harry E. Changnon, Assistant in the Department, prepared an exhibit, "The Classification of Minerals," for the Hall of Minerals (Hall 34). It has been placed alongside its companion case, "Physical Properties of Minerals." The two cases furnish an adequate introduction to mineralogy and offer a remedy for the complaint often heard that museums do not provide exhibits that equip a visitor with the necessary background for further study of a subject. The classification shown in the case is based upon chemical composition and crystallographic and physical relationships of minerals. It follows the system used in the latest edition of Dana's System of Mineralogy. Mr. Changnon rearranged and also reinstalled the collection of amber. A number of duplicate specimens were taken out to avoid crowding, and the entire contents were displayed in keeping with modern methods of installation. The exhibit of fluorescent minerals, which occupied a space in the corridor between Halls 34 and 35, was removed for remodeling. The necessary carpentry work in the case has been completed, and the exhibit is now awaiting installation. An improved diamond disc saw and a lapidary machine were procured to facilitate preparation of thin sections and slicing of rocks 60 and minerals. These, with other cutting and polishing equipment now at hand, will be reinstalled in a room added to the Department. Preparator Henry Horback made all the thin sections of rocks, minerals, and meteorites that required identification. The chemical laboratory was busy throughout the year. There were made 108 qualitative analyses and a large number of specific gravity tests, particularly for gem minerals. Alcohol redistilled for the Department of Zoology amounted to 420 gallons, and 20 gallons of water were distilled for departmental and Museum use. Present plans call for the modernization of the exhibits in Halls 34, 35 (Clarence Buckingham Hall), 36, and 37 (Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall). To carry out this program it will be necessary to reduce substantially the number of specimens in the exhibits and add them to the respective reserve collections. Fortunately, the Department has been provided with additional rooms, formerly occupied by the Harris Extension, to meet such an emergency. For the present, storage space is no longer a big problem. These recently acquired rooms are now being remodeled and the steel cabinets to house the specimens will be delivered within the next six months. The Department's program for modernization and expansion is well under way (Fig. 18). A notable addition to the invertebrate collection consists of 500 specimens of exquisitely preserved blastoids representing 125 species. The collection was made by Dr. D. K. Greger from various localities here and abroad and was secured from the owner by purchase. In the vertebrate paleontological laboratories effort has been concentrated on the preparation of Cretaceous dinosaurs from Alberta and New Mexico, obtained a number of years ago. Prepara- tion of even a medium-sized dinosaur is a long and tedious process, but gratifying progress has been made during the year on a skeleton of Parasaurolophus, which is considered the most extraordinary of the hadrosaurian group. In Paleobotany, the Department has been fortunate in attract- ing two competent and enthusiastic volunteer workers — Dr. and Mrs. R. H. Whitfield, of Evanston. The Whitfields have undertaken the cataloguing of the Langford collection of fossil plants from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois that was obtained by the Museum in 1945. This undertaking is more than half completed. The services of Mr. John Conrad Hansen, Artist in the Depart- ment, were made available to the Harris Extension for most of the year. However, he made twenty-seven line and pen-and-ink drawings for the Department of Geology. 61 Department of Zoology Expeditions and Research The principal zoological expedition in the field in 1946 was that in the Philippine Islands, conducted by Captain Harry Hoogstraal, recently of the Army Sanitary Corps, with Lieutenant Donald He>Tieman as volunteer mammal collector, in co-operation with trained personnel of the Philippine Bureau of Science. This party has worked at high mountain localities in Luzon and Mindanao, and hopes to work also on the zoogeographically distinct island of Palawan. Mr. Floyd G. Werner, of Ottawa, Illinois, is attached to this expedition to collect insects and other invertebrates. The expedition is scheduled to complete its work in 1947. Shortly after his return to the Museum from service in the Navy, Mr. Colin C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, sailed for Peru to continue work begun by expeditions in 1939 and 1941. Dur- ing delays in securing transportation to his principal objective, Pucalpa, on the L''^cayali River, a week's trip to the highlands near Lake Junin, at 15,000 feet altitude, was made with Sefior Javier Ortiz de la Puente, a student at the University of San Marcos. After further delays and considerable hardship on the road, Mr. Sanborn joined the Museum's field collector at Pucalpa, Senor Jose M. Schunke, who has been accumulating general collections of vertebrates from the Pucalpa area. After conferring with Mr. Schunke, Mr. Sanborn went to Aguas Calientes, the oil field of the Ganzo Azul Oil Company, on the Rio Pachitea. Here he was fortu- nate in collecting the rare Bassaricyon, a long-tailed relative of the raccoons, especially desired for the Museum's program of research on the anatomy of the carnivora. After arranging for the shipment of both his own collections and those of Mr. Schunke from Iquitos, Mr. Sanborn returned to Lima, and reached Chicago by plane on May 20. The Museum was represented on the Bikini Atoll Expedition, a part of the Navy's Crossroads Project, by Mr. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Associate in the Division of Birds. Mr. Traylor (then Captain, U.S.M.C.R.), as project officer, took part in the surveys of abundance of pelagic fishes prior to the bomb explosions. He was able also to collect birds on the islands of Bikini Atoll itself. It is interesting to report that after the atomic bomb explosions he found little or no disturbance of the populations of sea birds nesting on the islands. Other expeditionary field work, in addition to an active program of local collecting in the interest of exhibition by the Divisions of 62 1 Fig. 15. A model of the pirarucu, gigantic fresh-water fish of tlie Amazon, is an interesting addition to the panel representing the primitive bony fishes in Hall O (Hall of Fishes). The model is nine feet in length. Birds, Reptiles, and Insects, included a tour of the West and South- west by Chief Curator Karl P. Schmidt, on which he was accom- panied by his sons, John and Robert. In addition to much-needed conferences with western colleagues and such collections as could be obtained in the course of a rapid transect of the country, Mr. Schmidt's principal objectives were a fresh view of the mode of transition and interdigitation of biotic provinces, and a reconnais- sance of areas regarded as favorable for further Museum field work. The last leg of the 8,800-mile journey was to the remote desert bolson of Las Delicias in the Mexican state of Coahuila, where the party joined a motor expedition from the American Museum of Natural History under the leadership of Mr. Charles M. Bogert. A summer station was set up by Mr. Clifford H. Pope, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, at the Highlands Museum, in High- lands, North Carolina. Mr. Pope served the museum at Highlands as Director for two months. This enabled him to make some twenty field excursions in the neighboring areas. The southern Appalach- ians are remarkable for their wealth of salamanders as well as for a great variety of reptiles, and Mr. Pope hopes to establish a program of continued field collecting and study in this area. Mr. Loren P. Woods, Assistant Curator of Fishes, Mr. Ronald J. Lambert, Assistant Taxidermist, Mr. Robert L. Haas, volunteer worker, and Dr. C. Eliot Williams, Assistant Director, Chicago Academy of Sciences, went to Cape Vincent, New York, in July 63 to examine a motor launch offered for loan to the Museum in con- nection with proposals for renewed limnological studies on Lake Michigan. The launch proved unsuitable, but the trip resulted in a total of 1,438 fishes from Lake Ontario and its tributary Canadian streams. Staff Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder left December 26 for Trini- dad, British West Indies, where he will collect vertebrates for several divisions of the Museum. He will be aided by Mr. E. M. Chenery of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture at Port-of-Spain. Mr. Chenery has been an active correspondent of the Museum since his work here in 1944. Within the Museum, major research activities were resumed by the staff, though still under the handicap of routine work accumu- lated during the war years. In the Division of Mammals, Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator Emeritus, continued his work on the check-list of South American mammals. Mr. Sanborn prepared a list of the Museum's type specimens of mammals, together with several shorter papers. In the Division of Birds, Mr. Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator, who returned from Army service in June, has been engaged in review- ing and arranging the birds he collected on two pre-war expeditions to British Guiana, with a view to an extended report upon them. He plans also a review of the birds of Bolivia, in collaboration with Mr. Traylor. Mr. Boardman Conover, Research Associate, was engaged on the revision of the volume listing the hawks and the water birds for The Birds of the Americas and published a paper, Xoies on Some Neotropical Haicks, in Fieldiana. Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, Associate, was invaluable in the routine work of the Division. In the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Curator Pope con- tinued his studies on the growth of the rattle of rattlesnakes, in collaboration with Dr. Arnold A. Zimmermann, of the University of Illinois IVIedical School. Mr. Pope has completed a paper with Dr. L. W. Peterson of the same institution on the effects of rattle- snake venom under controlled methods of treatment. Other studies have gone forward on the collections made in North Carolina during Mr. Pope's summer field work. Mr. Robert F. Inger, graduate student at the University of Chicago, has greatly advanced his studies on the amphibians and reptiles of the Ryukyu Archipelago, which have proved to be a focus of biological interest in the basic problem of evolution, the initiation of the differentiation of species. Considerable collections from this interesting island chain had reached various American museums as a result of collecting 64 ~\ "•^.^-j*"?. ^fliij#^sT_ «aKaK^.' Fig. 16. In a process invented by Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, Mr. Ronald J. Lambert, Assistant Taxidermist, is engaged in saturating a bit of woodland soil with lacquer solution. The bull-snake model has been fitted to the area shown. When the lacquer dries, this segment of the ''actual outdoors" will be taken up to use in preparing a model for a museum exhibit. 65 by service men during the war, and a share of these has been con- centrated in this Museum for examination and report. Dr. Ch'eng-chao Liu, of West China Union University, Chengtu, China, State Department Visiting Fellow, has worked in the Museum's Division of Amphibians and Reptiles since his arrival in Chicago in September. He is engaged on a comprehensive report on the amphibians of West China based on the large collections he made during the war years. It is gratifying that the Museum, in collections, library, and personnel, can offer a favorable situation for his work. Dr. Liu had worked under Mr. Schmidt's direction in the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles in 1933 and 1934, and Mr. Pope, now Curator of the Division, is the principal American authority on the herpetology of China. For the Division of Fishes, Mr. John W. Winn, Assistant, has begun the study of the fresh-water fishes of tropical America, a department of ichthyological studies in which the Museum has pioneered throughout its history. In October, Mr. Woods began his work for the United States National Museum on reports on the vast collections of fishes made under the auspices of the Navy in connection with the Bikini atomic bomb test. Mrs. Marion Grey, Associate, continued studies on distribution of deep-sea fishes. The Aeronautical University of Chicago has drawn upon the Museum's facilities for the study of the hydrodynamics of fish locomotion and hopes to pursue this program during 1947. In the Division of Vertebrate Anatomy, the major project con- tinued to be the comparative anatomy of the mammals of the order Carnivora, which has developed in correlation with Curator D. Dwight Davis's study of the anatomy of the giant panda (known to the staff as "The Inside Story of Su-Lin"). Comparative anatomy is being approached from the classical aspect of evolutionary phy- logeny, with its important attendant revisions of classification, and from the newer approach of functional anatomy, which leads directly to observation of the living animal in field and laboratory. Dr. Walter Segall, who has been associated with the Division for anatomical research during the past several years, has prepared for publication a study of the auditory ossicles of the man-like apes. His preparations have greatly augmented the Museum's collections of mammalian auditory ossicles. Dr. R. M. Strong, appointed Research Associate in Anatomy in October, was extremely helpful in the final stages of the printing of the Index Volume, Part 3, of his Bibliography of Birds. Dr. Strong is engaged on an atlas of the anatomy of the large salamander, 66 Necturus, which is much used as a laboratory type in the teaching of comparative anatomy, and on the completion of his monumental anatomy of the albatross, with its wealth of plates. The activities of the Divisions of Insects and Lower Inverte- brates were mainly of a curatorial nature because of the great growth of the collections and the absence of personnel during the war years. Assistant Curator Rupert L. Wenzel undertook some studies on histerid beetles and Assistant Henry S. Dybas continued his researches on the feather-winged beetles. The acquisition of a large collection of clerid beetles involved the preparation for publi- cation of a check-list for North America of the beetle family Cleridae by Mr. Albert Burke Wolcott, former Assistant Curator of the Harris Extension, and this has required correspondence and revision by members of the staff. In the Division of Lower Invertebrates, Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator, has written a leaflet on the natural history of pearls and has prepared a paper on the land and fresh-water mollusks of the Peruvian Depart- ment of Loreto, in the upper Amazon region. Six articles for the Museum Bulletin were contributed by the staff, including one by Mr. C. M. Barber, former staff member, on the history of the prong-buck group. The total accessions number 54,803. These consist of 1,609 mammals, 12,238 birds, 3,766 reptiles and amphibians, 3,556 fishes, 31,481 insects and allies, and 2,153 other invertebrates. In addition, 1,413 microscope slides of animal tissue were presented by Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles. The more notable gifts are: 330 mammals from New Caledonia, from Dr. Arnold J. Nicholson, of Billings, Montana; 403 birds from Mr. Conover; 77 birds from Mr. Traylor; 992 amphibians and reptiles from Dutch New Guinea, from Captain Harry Hoogstraal; 40 specimens of snakes, received alive, from Mr. J. E. Johnson, Jr., of Waco, Texas; 599 identified marine fishes from Dr. Carl L. Hubbs, of Scripps Oceanographic Institute; 261 marine fishes from Mr. A. R. Watkins, of Chicago; and 329 marine fishes from Mr. Edward F. Ricketts, of Pacific Grove, California. In scientific importance, the outstanding gift of the year was that of the collection of beetles of the family Cleridae, accumulated during the lifetime specialization on this group by Mr. Wolcott. His collection amounts to 4,740 specimens — a world-wide repre- sentation—and includes 164 types. Other large gifts in the Division of Insects include the wartime collections of 3,997 specimens from Mr. Dybas, from the Pacific Islands, and of 3,060 specimens from 67 Mr. Eugene Ray; 1,500-odd identified spiders, from the Middle West, from Dr. Donald C. Lowrie, of Las Vegas, New Mexico; and 1,125 gall wasps, including 53 types, from Dr. Lewis H. Weld, of East Falls Church, Virginia. Large gifts of specimens of land, fresh-water, and marine mollusks were received from Dr. Jeanne S. Schwengel, of Scarsdale, New York; Dr. Henry Van der Schalie, of Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University; and Mr. Ricketts. In accordance with the co-operative agreement with the Univer- sity of Chicago, three students have carried on work under the Museum's auspices during 1946. Mr. Anthony de Vos, of the staff of the Buitenzorg Museum in Java, and recently of the Royal Netherlands Indies Air Force, received the Museum-University Fellowship in Zoology in February, working partly at the Museum and partly at the University, resigning in June. Mr. Robert F. Inger's comprehensive study of the amphibians and reptiles of the Ryukyu Islands, already mentioned, will be submitted as his doctoral dissertation at the same university. Mr. Walter L. Necker and Mr. Robert L. Fleming took advantage of the arrangements for carrying on university work under the Museum's auspices and on the Museum's collections. By special arrangement, Mr. Ram Singh of the British Guiana Museum of Natural History, in George- town, British Guiana, has spent several months working in the Museum's taxidermy shops to improve his knowledge of modern museum techniques of mounting and preparation of specimens. Installations and Rearrangements — Zoology In Hall 15 (mammals systematically arranged), the North American rodents were reinstalled and relabeled, and the screens of hares, rabbits, and pikas and of foreign rodents were reinstalled with ten new mounted specimens, the work of Staff Taxidermist W. E. Eigsti. Four paintings by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert, representing modern whaling operations, were installed in Hall N-1 (whales), where they supplement the striking mural of a scene from the romantic days of whaling in the sailing-ship era (Fig. 5). In the Division of Birds, much effort has been made to prepare adequate plans for a series of screens of local birds, in which the seasonal changes in the bird life of the Chicago region will be reflected. Plans are also being drawn for a wall case to show the phenomenon of "subspeciation" and to define a subspecies. In the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, the labeling and temporary installation of models of a wide variety of North American 68 and foreign reptiles were well advanced by the end of the year. The ultimate plan for the hall of reptiles is to establish a series of alcoves for the reptiles and amphibians in a more unified treatment of subjects (Fig. 16). In the Division of Fishes, the plans for exhibition of deep-sea fishes resulted in so striking a panel of paintings by Staff Taxider- mist L. L. Pray that this was installed as a temporary exhibit in a case in the corridor adjacent to Hall (fishes). Mr. Pray continued his program of additions of important types of fishes in Hall O. These include models of the gigantic pirarucu of the Amazon, one of the largest fresh-water fishes of the world (Fig. 15); an improved model of the great white shark; the remarkable South American electric eel; and the dangerous carnivorous piranha, also of South American waters, schools of which occasionally attack large animals. A model of the common shiner adds an interesting form to the exhibit of local fishes. In the Division of Insects, the addition to the staff of Mr. James E. Trott as Artist-Preparator makes possible long-range plans for exhibition of insects by means of enlarged models. Clay models and drawings for use in such plans and a completed model of a wood tick carved in plastic give great promise for the future of exhibi- tion in this field. The first cases planned are to show insects and ticks of medical importance and life histories of mosquitoes, espe- cially of the malaria-transmitting Anopheles, which will include also an exhibit to show the life cycle of the malaria organism. Fig. 17. The Viru Valley Camp of the 1946 Archaeological Expedition to Peru. Mountains of the coastal desert are in the background. 69 Actual size, i6 inches by 24 inches Fig. 18. This specimen of calico rock, one of the most picturesque of banded colored sandstones, is a fine example of rock coloration by weathering (Hall 35). Cataloguing, Inventorying, and Labeling — All Departments Anthropology Twenty new accessions were received by the Department of Anthropology during 1946. All but three of these were entered in the inventory books. There were 990 catalogue cards prepared during the year, and 1,890 were entered. Since the inventory books were first opened, 233,408 cards have been entered in them. The Division of Printing delivered 176 labels to this Department. Botany Miss Edith M. Vincent, Secretary of the Department, kept the records of botanical accessions, loans, and exchanges up to date as usual, as well as the Botany Library catalogue and card index of new species. For new exhibits added during the year, labels were prepared, and various old labels were revised. Labels were provided for 11,023 photographic prints from the negatives of type specimens furnished to other institutions during 1946, and for many others 70 assembled but not sent out. Labels were provided by the curators concerned for all new sheets added to the herbaria of phanerogams and cryptogams as well as for the economic collections. The systematic card catalogue of Venezuelan woods collected by various Museum expeditions was almost completed. Geology Thirty-four accessions were received and 3,630 geological and paleontological specimens were numbered and catalogued. Of the latter, 65 were for rocks and minerals, 258 for physical and economic geology, 185 for vertebrates, 516 for invertebrates, and 2,606 for fossil plants. During the year an unusually large number (23,941) of catalogue cards and storage labels were prepared and checked, and additional data were inserted whenever necessary. This labori- ous task was carried out by Mr. Henry Horback, Preparator, Miss Priscilla Freudenheim, temporary assistant, and Mr. Donald J. Stoopes, Antioch College student. The records of exchanges, loans, etc., of the Geology Library and of the United States geological maps, of which 95 were received and filed, were kept up to date by Miss Frances Foley, Secretary of the Department. A complete inventory of the meteorite collection was made by Mr. Horback. The Division of Printing delivered, during the year, 215 labels. Zoology The total entries in the Department catalogues were 18,029, of which 1,401 were for mammals, 12,816 for birds, 2,145 for reptiles, 492 for fishes, 656 for anatomy, and 519 for lower invertebrates. Much relabeling of cases and shelves was done in the Division of Birds, with the aid of special assistants and of Miss Julia B. Cocks and Miss Marie Evans, Antioch College students. In the Division of Insects, relabeling and rearrangements of various groups of insects were carried on as a major activity. Miss Mary Brombacher, Antioch College student, rendered important assistance in this work. The notable accession of beetles of the family Cleridae was incor- porated in the Museum's previous collection by means of the valuable unit tray system, which is being applied throughout the collection wherever it is found suitable. Mr. Eugene Ray's services as temporary assistant for two months placed the Museum's collec- tion of the beetle family Mordellidae in the same readily accessible condition. Relabeling of the Webb Collection of Mollusks proceeded in the style adopted for the collection of shells, much aided in the last of the year by Miss Lucille Hanford, Antioch College student. 71 The Library In many respects, 1946 was a notable year for the Library from the standpoint of opportunities as well as accomplishments. The reopening of normal channels of communication with most countries has resulted in the receipt of much material held abroad during the war years. Furthermore, the contents of many private libraries came on the market, offering opportunities to acquire material that has long been unavailable or hard to find. During the year, 3,299 items were added to the collection. Of this number, 907 were secured by purchase and the remainder by gift and exchange. As of December 31, 1946, the number of acces- sioned items in the Museum Library stood at 122,273. According to the latest and most reliable information available, this places the Library of this Museum in fourth rank among the natural science museum libraries of the United States. On July 1, Mrs. Emily M. Wilcoxson became Librarian Emerita, and Mr. Carl W. Hintz, formerly Director of the Libraries of the University of Maryland, was appointed Librarian. Mrs. Wilcoxson joined the staff in 1905, and became Librarian in 1930; thus, her association with the Library spans four-fifths of its existence. As Librarian Emerita, Mrs. Wilcoxson has been cataloguing the collec- tion of books left by the late Dr. Berthold Laufer, eminent Sinologist, who was for many years a member of the staff of the Museum. Continued emphasis has been placed upon the acquisition of serial publications and the completion of broken files. Among the more notable accessions are: American Philosophical Society. Proceedings, 1859-1875 American Philosophical Society. Transactions, n.s., v. 1-21, 1818-1908 American Journal of Anatomy, v. 1-57 (with parts missing from four volumes) The Entomologist, v. 19-33, 1886-1900 The Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 1-15, 1931-1945 Parasitology, v. 17-36, 1925-1945 Societe Entomologique de France. Annales, 1860-1942 Societe Botanique de France. Bulletin, v. 30-47, 1883-1901 Wiener Entomologischer Verein. Jahresbericht, v. 1-30, 1890-1919 Royal Society of Canada. Transactions and Proceedings, v. 1-12, 1883-1895 Royal Society of London. Philosophical Transactions. Abridged edition, V. 1-18 Albert I, Prince de Monaco. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, Fasc. 1-102, 1889-1939 K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien. Handlingar, n.s., v. 3-27, 1859-1896 It is gratifying to report continued growth of this character despite the problems that are its inevitable companions, namely, provision of space and increased complexity of handling. Relief for 72 The mi n. Of -:.'ierbT ■■>^ofacces- ■B the . ^ience ^serita, - of the ■:i\her .-T.'ce. As •: the collec- - vnolodst. ]ng the SHJ ,^ edii -,*,Fast.j nam ^,e!ieff»f| the overcrowded condition of the General Library is expected in 1947, when the space on the third floor formerly occupied by the Division of Printing becomes available to the Library. A large proportion of the material acquired by the Library is in serial form, which is more difficult to handle than are separate works. In order to facilitate record keeping, it was decided to install visible file equipment and concentrate all information as to source (i.e., subscription, gift, or exchange, name of source), receipt of numbers, and eventually our holdings, in one place. This equip- ment is now on order, and a start has been made in assembling the information. The work of classification and cataloguing of new material proceeded throughout the year, and 17,893 cards were added to the catalogues and shelf list. Late in the year, use of Library of Congress catalogue cards was begun. The number of visitors served during the year was 2,687. Inas- much as the Library is not widely publicized, it may be safely assumed that these were all readers with a serious purpose. Through the interlibrary loan system, twenty-two items were borrowed for the use of staff members; seventy-nine items were lent to other institutions. Since the beginning of the Army Map Service depository program, a total of 7,796 maps has been received. Of this number, 2,514 were received in 1946. During the year, Mr. Frank Heyser, the bookbinder, did work as follows: New binding 554 pieces Restorations 364 pieces Pamphlet binding 28 pieces Special jobs 74 pieces Maps mounted and repaired 27 pieces In addition, Mr. Heyser placed bookplates in 2,340 volumes and marked call numbers on 1,025 volumes. Two large shipments of work were sent to a commercial bindery during the year. Publications and Printing The amount of research prepared for publication has been greatly increased by additions to the Museum staff and the return of staff members from service with the armed forces. It has, therefore, become necessary to increase the efficiency of the Museum Press. In former years, the Division of Printing occupied space on two floors — job presses and composing room on the third floor, cylinder press and monotype equipment on the ground floor. Considerable 73 time was lost as a result of this separation. Consequently, now that the Museum Press has been consolidated in a single location on the ground floor by use of space adjacent to the pressroom, the increase in production has been notable. In further effort to augment the publication of scientific works, the policy has been adopted of sending out to commercial printers many of the Museum's other types of printing, such as post cards and some non-scientific pamphlets. Acknowledgment is made of the untiring effort of Miss Lillian A. Ross, Associate Editor of Scientific Publications, to maintain quality of work and to increase production during the time of inter- rupted operation that accompanied the change of location of the Museum Press. It is a matter of considerable gratification that in 1946 the Museum Press was able to complete the publication of Part 3 of A Bibliography of Birds, by Dr. R. M. Strong. The first volume of this work appeared in March, 1939, and the second volume in November, 1939. Progress was suspended during the war. The removal of wartime and postwar restrictions in connection with the forwarding of publications and other printed matter to most of the countries of the Eastern Hemisphere made it possible for the Museum to distribute to that part of the world, through the international exchange bureau of the Smithsonian Institution, the many thousands of copies of its publications that had accumulated since late in 1939. In excess of 25,000 copies, totaling in weight six and one-half tons of shipping, were sent out during the year. Copies of 1946 issues of scientific papers were distributed to the Museum's domestic exchanges. Sales during the year totaled 2,736 copies of scientific publica- tions, 8,906 copies in the popular series, and 25,791 miscellaneous pamphlets, such as guides, handbooks, and memoirs. Forty-nine new exchange arrangements with institutions and scientists were established. For future sales, foreign exchanges, and other distri- butions, the Museum in 1946 wrapped, labeled, and stored an addi- tional 13,747 copies of publications and miscellaneous pamphlets in 207 packages. Of the 170,656 picture post cards sold during the year, 67,575 were colored views and 9,178 were in 724 prepared sets. Production of the Division of Printing in 1946 included seven new numbers in the Museum's regular publication series. These comprised 1,717 pages of type composition and 30 pages of plates. The number of copies printed was 6,087. The Annual Report of the Director for the Year 19It.5 consisted of 136 pages of type composition, and 6,099 copies were printed. One reprint of the General Guide, 74 consisting of 48 pages, totaled 10,598 copies. The total number of pages printed in all books was 1,901, and the total number of copies printed was 22,784. Six issues of Chicago Natural History Museum Bulletin were printed, with an average of 5,850 copies per issue. Exhibition labels printed during the year reached a total of 1,007. Other printing, including stationery, posters. Museum Stories for Children (Ray- mond Foundation), lecture schedules, and publication and leaflet price lists, brought the total number of impressions for the year to 1,430,049. Following is a detailed list of publications issued during the year: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Hambly, Wilfrid D. Craniometry of Ambrym Island. Fieldiana, Anthropology, vol. 37, No. 1, 158 pp., 30 plates. QuiMBY, George I. Toggle Harpoon Heads from the Aleutian Islands. Fieldiana, Anthropology, vol. 36, No. 2, 10 pp., 9 text figures. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Standley, Paul C, and Julian A. Steyermark Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Botany, vol. 24, Part 4, 499 pp. Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Botany, vol. 24, Part 5, 510 pp. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Conover, Boardman Notes on Some Neotropical Hawks. Fieldiana, Zoology, vol. 31, No. 5, 8 pp. Osgood, Wilfred H. A New Octodont Rodent from the Paraguayan Chaco. Fieldiana, Zoology, vol. 31, No. 6, 4 pp., 1 text figure. Strong, Reuben Myron A Bibliography of Birds. Zoological Series, vol. 25, Part 3, 528 pp. ADMINISTRATIVE PUBLICATIONS Annual Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees for the Year 191^5. 136 pp., 33 text figures, 2 plates. General Guide. Twenty-seventh edition. 48 pp., 3 text figures, 5 plates. Photography and Illustration Production in the Division of Photography was increased for the fifth successive year. Output in 1946 was 22,169 items, as com- pared with 19,792 items in 1945 and 18,363 items in 1944. The negatives, prints, enlargements, transparencies, and lantern slides included in production were made for miscellaneous sales to the public, for other institutions, and for the press as well as for the 75 various departments and divisions of the Museum. There are now more than 103,000 negatives in the files, and the enormous task of classifying, numbering, captioning, and indexing them continues. The Division of Illustration furnished, during the year, drawings, lettering, designs, maps, charts, and miscellaneous art work for publications, posters, exhibits, and so forth, as required by the departments and divisions of the Museum. The work was done by Miss Norma Lockwood, Staff Illustrator. The Staff Artist, Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert, completed within the year two important undertakings, both for the Department of Botany — the background for the new habitat group of Welwitschia mirahilis and a large mural, "Cycads in a Temple Garden." Early in the year he finished the last of a series of four paintings showing modern whaling methods; in December, he undertook studies preliminary to further work for the Department of Zoology. Motion Pictures In March, the newly established Division of Motion Pictures, with Mr. John W. Moyer in charge, began active participation in the Museum's program of visual education. Equipped to function as a separate unit, the Division is designed to augment the Museum's study and research resources by means of motion-picture expositions produced with the advice of the various curatorial staffs concerned. Fig. 19. Pottery funerary vessel, nine inches high, of the Mochica Indians (about A.D. 900), excavated in Viru Valley by the 1946 Archaeo- logical Expedition to Peru. 76 This year, initial organizing procedures occupied the Division almost entirely. An accomplishment of major importance was the salvaging of all motion-picture film in the Museum's Film Library. These films, many of which are original negatives taken on Museum expeditions, and other prints, which have been presented to the Museum by members and friends, are valuable in many instances as a record of peoples and places that can never again be photographed in their historical and traditional significance. Color transparencies were prepared for various departments for use in departmental work. During the last part of the year, work was begun on the script, photography, and editing of additional footage to supplement the film taken on the Museum's Archaeologi- cal Expedition to the Southwest, 1946. This picture, to be completed early in 1947, will be a motion-picture record in color of a Museum expedition, the first color-film record made of a Museum activity. The film will be shown to the general public. Public Relations Especially generous space in the newspapers of Chicago was accorded to Museum events and features during 1946, with special emphasis on pictorial spreads and layouts, including both roto- gravure and color-page work as well as routine black-and-white pictures. This was a gratifying response to the 280 releases issued during the year through the Public Relations Counsel's office, because "pictures in the papers" attract greater public attention than even the best and longest news stories. The bulk of the pictures published was made by the staff photog- raphers of the various newspapers and press services, who often also sent their staff writers on "follow-up" assignments. The releases that bring such assignments of staff writers and camera men are regarded as the most successful, as they indicate a real interest by the editors in the subjects being publicized. Outstanding pictorial layouts included the full front color page of the Chicago Tribune Sunday magazine, plus half a page inside the section, on "Foods We Got From the Indians," based on exhibits in the Hall of New World Archaeology (Hall B); the full front page and one full inside page of the Chicago Daily News Saturday roto- gravure section at Easter time, on "Hats Around the World" selected from the Museum collections and posed on a fashion model; photo- graphic layouts in the Chicago Sun, Tribune, Times, Daily News, and Herald-American on the new Louisiana prehistoric Indian c" 77 village diorama (Hall B) and the new Welwitschia plant group in Hall 29; a summer vacation pictorial feature of children among the Museum exhibits, in the Chicago Daily Times; a Museum survey story of several columns by Miss Marcia Winn, accompanied by a picture layout, in the Chicago Sunday Tribune; and a half-page picture feature in the Chicago Herald- American reproducing the new series of paintings on modern whaling (Hall N-1) by Mr. Arthur G. Rueckert, Staff Artist. Some stories appeared even in the Chicago Journal of Commerce (which publishes no pictures). The features mentioned here are only a few among many. A large part of these were given circulation throughout the United States and even in foreign countries through the co-operation of such national news and picture agencies as Associated Press and its affiliate. Wide- World Photos, United Press, International News Service, International News Photos, Science Service, Acme Newspictures, and others. One of the most appreci- ated services is that of the City News Bureau, which on innumerable occasions has expedited transmission of urgent Museum publicity by granting the use of its pneumatic tubes that give instantaneous delivery to all Chicago newspaper offices and many national agencies. Fig. 20. The lunchroom is one of the busiest spots in the Museum. In a single day, as many as 873 people have been cared for in the lunchroom, in addition to more than five hundred people in the cafeteria. 78 Fig. 21. The Book Shop is a center of interest to serious students who wish to obtain authoritative books on natural history and related subjects. Souvenirs and miscellaneous items are also for sale in the Book Shop. The Downtown Shopping News, the hundreds of local news- papers published in various Chicago neighborhoods, Chicago suburbs, and upstate and downstate Illinois, arid the foreign lan- guage newspapers of Chicago also were generous contributors of space. Lengthy illustrated articles on the Museum were published in the Illinois Central Magazine and the Cherry Circle of the Chicago Athletic Club. To Miss Marcia Winn of the Tribune, already men- tioned for one extensive article, are due special thanks because time and time again during the year she has devoted her widely read daily column, "Front Views and Profiles," in whole or in part to Museum stories. As in other years, radio stations of Chicago and national net- works as well— WIND, WMAQ, WON, WBBM, WENR, WLS, WAIT, WCFL, WAAF, WJJD, American Broadcasting Company, Columbia Broadcasting System, National Broadcasting Company, Mutual Broadcasting System, and others — have been lavish of time to the Museum on their news and feature programs. Again, as hitherto, the most fruitful contributor of radio attention (on an average of once or twice each week) was the North Western Hour, and appreciation is due to Colonel Norman Ross, the program's 79 master of ceremonies, the sponsoring North Western Railway, radio station WMAQ, and the Caples Company, which prepares the programs. The Bulletin of the Museum, editorial production of which is a duty of the Public Relations Counsel, Mr. H. B. Harte, as Managing Editor, continued on its wartime basis of bi-monthly issues, but at the end of the year it was possible to plan for a restoration of monthly issues in 1947. The Bulletin, with announcements, science stories, and pictures, kept the membership of the institution constantly informed of Museum activities and, in addition, was the source of outside publicity through republication of many of its articles in newspapers and magazines. The usual advertising was carried forward diligently. Posters announcing the Museum's various lecture courses and Raymond Foundation programs for children, and thousands of folders describ- ing the Museum's activities, were distributed. In addition, thousands of folders were published and distributed jointly with the other seven principal museums of the city. Co-operating, as usual, in distri- bution of this advertising were the Chicago Rapid Transit Lines, the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad, the Illinois Central System, Chicago and North Western Railway, public service bureaus of newspapers, hotels, and department stores, and other agencies. Maintenance and Construction Major repairs were made during the year on the exterior of the Museum building. Tuck pointing was completed on the center sections of the north and south fagades, walls were repaired, and a complete new four-ply roof was installed. The wooden flag poles flanking the main (north) entrance were replaced in late fall by new copper bearing steel poles. A considerable amount of plaster patch- ing and painting was done within the building, and all fire extin- guishers were checked (Fig. 22). The office and two large workrooms of the Harris Extension, on the third floor, were moved to new quarters across the aisle from its former location. Counters and cases were built and remodeled to suit the new rooms. Offices and composing room were provided on the ground floor for the Division of Printing, and all printing equip- ment was moved from the third floor and reset. A large type case was built in the corridor adjoining the new composing room. The paint and glass shop was moved into an area near the south steps. A former exhibition room on the second floor was converted into a meeting hall. A recess was constructed for a motion-picture 80 screen and blackboard, new lighting fixtures were installed, and fifty chairs were purchased. Seats in the James Simpson Theatre were repaired and the wooden floor of the stage was replaced with one of cement. The Book Shop was enlarged, with three built-in cases included in the new portion, and a center book counter was constructed. The children's lunchroom was remodeled and enlarged, so that two new tables and four benches could be added to the equipment. Office space and a linen case were provided for the cafeteria manage- ment. Forty cafeteria tables were repaired and refinished. For the Departments of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology, exhibition cases were built or moved and case screens Fig. 22. Cleaning the African elephants in Stanley Field Hall is one of the many routine tasks performed by the maintenance personnel of the Museum. 81 painted, installations made, doors and partitions of workrooms changed, shelves constructed, and miscellaneous repairs taken care of, as needed. A new office on the ground floor for the Public Relations Counsel was made by dividing the art students' room, and an adjoining space was partitioned off to house mimeograph equip- ment. The Recorder's office was redecorated and rearranged. All necessary repairs and adjustments were made during the year on the heating plant, fixtures, and equipment. A new compres- sor for the pump room and a portable sump pump for seepage in the boiler room were purchased. A drill press, bench grinder, and lathe were installed for use in the Division of Engineering. Addi- tional electric outlets, fixtures for fluorescent lights, and heavier power circuits were installed in various locations throughout the building. Remote control switches were placed in the chandelier circuits in Stanley Field Hall to effect a saving in consumption of electric current. Under contracts in force, a total of 13,662,748 pounds of steam was sold to Shedd Aquarium and 9,401,098 pounds to the Chicago Park District, a total of 23,063,846 pounds sold during the year. The Book Shop For the third successive year, sales in the Book Shop exceeded sales in all previous years. The gain in 1946 was 26.8 per cent over sales in 1945. The ever-increasing volume of sales made necessary an increase in space and furnishings, so that the Book Shop now occupies almost double its former space and is enabled to present more attractive displays of its wares. The Book Shop personnel is constantly alert to secure for the Museum's friends the newest and most authoritative publications on the subjects within the scope of the Museum. Although the success of the Book Shop is gratifying from the standpoint of net income available for Museum purposes, the principal satisfaction lies in this additional means of dissemina- tion of accurate knowledge on natural-history subjects (Fig. 21), Cafeteria The Museum cafeteria during the year served 106,104 people, 417 fewer customers than were served during the previous year. The lunchroom, however, served 107,432 people as compared with 80,040 in 1945, an increase of 27,392 and a total increase for both cafeteria and lunchroom of 26,975. Higher costs of supplies and higher costs of operation necessitated slightly increased prices 82 throughout, so that the gross income from operation exceeded not only that of 1945 but also that of any other year excepting the World's Fair years of 1933 and 1934. The food services are not looked upon by the Museum as revenue-producing agencies; they are established in the Museum as an accommodation to its visitors because the Museum building is located at a considerable distance from any commercial restaurants (Fig. 20). In the pages that follow are submitted the Museum's financial statements (1945, 1946), attendance statistics and door receipts (1945, 1946), List of Accessions, List of Members, Articles of Incor- poration, and Amended By-Laws. Clifford C. Gregg, Director 83 Comparative Financial Statements FOR YEARS 1945 AND 1946 Income i946 1945 Endowment funds $558,331.93 $348,336.53 Funds held under annuity agree- ment 18,242.30 18,775.99 Life Membership fund 9,246.57 9,487.74 Associate Membership fund. . . . 11,811.06 11,956.61 Chicago Park District 136,242.43 125,879.65 Annual and Sustaining Member- ships 16,775.00 15,315.00 Admissions 31,826.25 26,239.75 Sundry receipts 27,978.95 22,268.73 Contributions, general purposes 373.99 127.21 Contributions, special purposes (expended per contra) 7,560.18 1,148.52 Special funds — part expended for purposes designated (in- cluded per contra) 32,752.37 22,261.12 $851,141.03 $601,796.85 Expenditures Collections $ 11,633.88 $ 11,177.43 Operating expenses capitalized and added to collections. . . 44,544.14 42,570.32 Expeditions 32,588.07 3,550.00 Furniture, fixtures, etc 19,017.60 3,334.78 1 Wages capitalized and added to fixtures 945.65 452.78 ; Pensions and group insurance . . 64,286.42 54,963.72 \ Departmental expenses 72,346.32 36,633.60 \ General operating expenses .... 395,527.27 303,220.37 t Building repairs and alterations . 126,958.62 38,568.89 j; Annuity on contingent gift 25,000.00 25,000.00 I Reserve for building repairs and * mechanical plant deprecia- tion 10,000.00 10,000.00 Reserve for contingencies aris- ing from the War 40,000.00 67,000.00 $842,847.97 $596,471.89 , Balance... $ 8,293.06 $ 5,324.96 The N. W. Harris Public School Extension 1946 1945 Income from endowment $ 17,032.18 $ 16,609.88 Expenditures 18,529.31 16,727.49 Deficit $ 1,497.13 $ 117.61 84 HHStMftJS COMPARATIVE ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FOR YEARS 1945 AND 1946 1946 Total attendance 1,287,436 Paid attendance 127,305 Free admissions on pay days: Students 20,730 School children 61,699 Teachers 2,244 Members 540 Service men and women 9,757 Admissions on free days: Thursdays (52) 154,965 Saturdays (52) 328,512 Sundays (51) 581,684 Highest attendance on any day (April 6) 35,769 Lowest attendance on any day (December 18) 148 Highest paid attendance (September 2) . . 4,399 Average daily admissions (362 days) .... 3,556 Average paid admissions (207 days) 615 Number of guides sold 18,152 Number of articles checked 41,334 Number of picture post cards sold 170,656 Sales of publications, leaflets, handbooks, and photographs $ 9,058.96 1945 1,070,678 104,959 17,601 51,125 1,751 996 19,779 (51) (52) (52) 115,318 216,827 542,322 (July 15) 16,749 (January 8) 99 (September 3) (360 days) (205 days) 5,410 2,974 512 20,955 39,507 174,152 $ 9,244.46 85 List of Accessions Department of Anthropology — Accessions Broad, Jennie, San Jose, Costa Rica: Prehistoric pottery ocarina — Guapiles, Costa Rica (gift). Carney, Major Herschel W., Kalamazoo, Michigan: 41 ethnological specimens — New Guinea (gift). Chicago Natural History Museum: Collected by Dr. Paul S. Martin (Museum Expedition to the South- west): 10,710 archaeological specimens from the SU Site — near Reserve, New Mexico. Purchases: 37 specimens dating from Shang to T'ang dynasties — China; 1 skull of newly born infant — Calcutta, India; 100 archaeological specimens — Aleutian Islands, Alaska. GiLLETT, W. N., Chicago: Egyptian juglet— Egypt (gift). Gorrell, Warren, Hinsdale, Illi- nois: 2 Hopi pottery vessels — Arizona (gift). Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago: Stringed musical instrument — central Angola (gift). Howe, Charles Albee, Homewood, Illinois: 13 color prints — Mexico (gift). Love, Frank A., Chicago: Ear-plug of fired clay — Louisiana (gift). Mason, Grace S., Chicago: Mano and tripod metate of stone — Mexico (gift). Oriental Institute, University of Chicago: 6 fragmentary pottery ves- sels — Tall-i-Bakun A, Iran (exchange). Teller, Sidney A., Chicago: Medi- cine man's badge of office — Panama (gift). Thomson, Carman, Chicago: Object of carved bone — Wisconsin (gift). Tuller, Morton K., Chicago: Ar- chaeological specimen of pottery — Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands (gift). Wilbur, Dr. C. Martin, Alexandria, Virginia: 5 carved pottery heads — China (gift). Wolfe, Eugene, Mexico City: 8 ethnological specimens — Mexico (gift). Department of Botany— Accessions Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia: 17 plant specimens (ex- change). AcuNA, Sr. Ing. Julian, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba: 23 specimens of Cuban plants (gift). Apolinar-Maria, Rev. Brother, Bogota, Colombia: 13 specimens of Colombian plants (gift). Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts: 58 plant specimens (gift); 14,733 photographic prints of Linnaean type specimens (exchange). Babel, William K., Madison, Wis- consin: 57 specimens of grasses (gift). Ball, Dr. Carleton R., Washing- ton, D.C.: Specimen of Salix (gift). Barbour, William R., Atlanta, Georgia: 32 specimens of Central American plants (gift). Barkley, Fred A., Austin, Texas: 310 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Bartlett, Dr. Harley H., Ann Arbor, Michigan: Specimen of Nostoc commune (gift). Bauer, Bill, Webster Groves, Mis- souri: 77 specimens of Missouri plants (gift). Beecher, William J., Chicago: 62 specimens of New Zealand plants (gift). Beetle, Dr. Alan A., Davis, Cali- fornia: 49 plant specimens (exchange). Benke, Hermann C, Chicago: 212 specimens of United States plants, 35 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Blomquist, Dr. H. L., Durharn, North Carolina: 2 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift). 86 BoNDAR, Dr. Gregorio, Bahia, Brazil: 386 specimens of Brazilian plants, 1 economic specimen (gift). Brannon, Dr. M. A., Gainesville, Florida: 74 specimens of algae (gift). Brinkley, Elizabeth, Arkadelphia, Arkansas: Specimen of loquat (gift). Britton, Dr. Max E., Evanston, Illinois: 113 specimens of algae (gift). BucHHOLZ, Dr. John T., Urbana, Illinois: 2 plant specimens (gift). Carlson, Dr. Margery C., Evans- ton, Illinois: 2 specimens of orchids (gift). Central Experimental Farm, De- partment OF Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada: 204 specimens of Canadian plants (exchange). Chapman, Dr. V. J., Auckland, New Zealand: 19 specimens of algae (gift). Chenery, E. M., Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies: 6 plant specimens (gift). Chicago Natural History Museum: Collected by Dr. Margery C. Carl- son: 2,000 specimens of Salvador plants. Collected by Dr. B. E. Dahlgren (Museum Expedition to Cuba) : 2 plant specimens, 2 economic specimens. Collected by Dr. Francis W. Pennell (Museum Expedition to Peru, 1925): 16 plant specimens. Made by J. Francis Macbride: 1,641 photographic negatives of type speci- mens of plants in European herbaria. Transferred from the Division of Photography: 160 photographic prints. Purchases: 27 plant specimens — Alaska; 300 plant specimens — British West Indies; 75 plant specimens — Mexico; 730 cryptogamic specimens — New Zealand; 475 miscellaneous speci- mens of algae; 10,000 miscellaneous specimens of lichens; 3,094 miscellane- ous specimens of mosses and hepatics. Clute, Willard N., Indianapolis, Indiana: 2 plant specimens (gift). Consolidated Book Publishers, Chicago: Collection of European plants (gift). Cory, V. L., College Station, Brazos County, Texas: 33 specimens of Texas plants (gift). Dahlgren, Dr. B. E., Chicago: 2 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Daily, William A., Indianapolis, Indiana: 184 specimens of algae (gift). Daniel, Rev. Brother, Medellln, Colombia: 10 plant specimens (gift). Davis, E. A., New Haven, Connecti- cut: 5 specimens of algae (gift). Dawson, Dr. E. Yale, Los Angeles: 2 specimens of algae (gift). Degener, Otto, New York: 14 specimens of Hawaiian plants (gift). Demaree, Dr. Delzie, Montebello, Arkansas: 19 specimens of algae (gift). DeToni, Dr. Giuseppe, Brescia, Italy: Specimen of Stigeoclonium (gift). Doty, Dr. Maxwell S., Evanston, Illinois: 4 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Drew, Dr. William B., Lansing, Michigan: 72 specimens of Ecuadorean plants (gift). Dreyfus Company, L. A., Staten Island, New York: 76 plant specimens, 13 wood specimens, 1 economic speci- men (gift). Drouet, Dr. Francis, Chicago: 31 specimens of algae (gift). Dudley Herbarium, Stanford Uni- versity, California: 70 specimens of Ecuadorean plants (exchange). Dybas, Henry S., Chicago: 26 specimens of fungi (gift). Ehrhart, Robert P., Redmond, Washington: 6 specimens of algae (gift). EscuELA Agricola Panamericana, Tegucigalpa, Honduras: 200 plant specimens (gift). Fairchild Tropical Garden, Coco- nut Grove, Florida: 6 specimens of palm material (gift). Fell, George B., Rockford, Illinois: 16 plant specimens (gift). Field, Dr. Henry, Cuernavaca, Mexico: 8 plant specimens, 1 crypto- gamic specimen, 2 specimens of maguey fiber rope (gift). Fisher, George L., Houston, Texas: 76 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). Flint, Dr. Lewis H., Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 42 specimens of algae (exchange). Franzen, Albert J., Chicago: Speci- men of Ricciocarpus natans (gift). Fulford, Dr. Margaret, Cincin- nati: Specimen of Chlorella vulgaris (gift). Fuller, Prof. George D., Chicago: 54 plant specimens (gift). 87 Garfield Park Conservatory, Chicago: 40 specimens of cultivated plants (gift). Gelladon, Quintin, Manila, Philip- pine Islands: 20 wood specimens (gift). Gentry, Howard Scott, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 38 plant specimens (gift). GiLKEY, Prof. Helen M., Corvallis, Oregon: Specimen of noble fir (gift). Goodman, Dr. George J., Norman, Oklahoma: 148 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). Gordon, Dr. Robert B., West Chester, Pennsylvania: Specimen of Lemanea grandis (gift). Graham, Dr. Verne O., Chicago: 27 specimens of fungi (gift). Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts: 219 plant specimens (ex- change). Gregg, Colonel Clifford C, Val- paraiso, Indiana: Specimen of fungus (gift). Hambly, Dr. Wilfrid D., Chicago: 2 specimens of fungi (gift). Haring, Mrs. Inez M., Poughkeep- sie, New York: 27 specimens of mosses (gift). Harvey, Mrs. Dorothy R., San Diego, California: 228 specimens of Panama plants (gift). Heath, Charles A., Chicago: Oil painting (gift). Hermann, Dr. Frederick J., Green- belt, Maryland: 62 plant specimens (exchange). Hewetson, W. T., Freeport, Illinois: 14 specimens of Illinois plants (gift). HuMM, Dr. Harold J., Beaufort, North Carolina: 31 specimens of algae (gift). HuNziKER, Juan H., Buenos Aires, Argentina: 19 plant specimens (ex- change). Illinois State Museum, Spring- field: 7 plant specimens (gift); 49 plant specimens (exchange). Instituto del Museo, Universidad Nacional de LaPlata, LaPlata, Ar- gentina: 499 specimens of Argentine plants (exchange). Instituto Miguel Lillo, Univer- sidad DE TUCUMAN, Tucuman, Argen- tina: 1,000 specimens of Argentine plants (exchange). ISELY, Prof. Duane, Ames, Iowa: 10 plant specimens (gift). Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 174 specimens of Brazilian plants (gift). Johnson, Lorraine, Chicago: Plant specimen (gift). Kiener, Dr. Walter, Lincoln, Nebraska: 182 specimens of algae (gift); 120 specimens of algae (ex- change). King, Lawrence J., Yonkers, New York: Specimen of Trentepohha aurea (gift). Kirchner, Charles L., Ancon, Canal Zone: 2 plant specimens, 2 wood specimens (gift). Konsberg, a. v., Evanston, Illinois: Rush hat (gift). Krapovickas, Antonio, Buenos Aires, Argentina: 338 specimens of Argentine plants (exchange). Lambert, Ronald J., Chicago: 70 specimens of English plants (gift). Lanouette, Cecile, Faustin Station, Quebec, Canada: 2 specimens of algae (gift). Leite, Rev. Brother Jose Eugenio, Nova-Friburgo, Brazil: 29 specimens of Brazilian plants (gift). Little, Dr. Elbert L., Arlington, Virginia: 57 specimens of Colombian plants (gift). Louderback, Harold B., Argo, Illinois: 291 specimens of cryptogams (gift). Lund, Dr. J. W. G., Ambleside, Westmoreland, England: Specimen of Coelosphaerium limnicola (gift). Macbride, J. Francis, San Jose, California: 49 cryptogamic specimens (gift). MacDougall, T., New York: Photo- graphic print, 2 plant specimens (gift). McEowN, Jean, Saskatoon, Sas- katchewan, Canada: 33 specimens of algae (gift). McVaugh, Dr. Rogers, College Park, Maryland: 307 plant specimens (exchange). Martinez, Prof. Maximino, Mexico City: 73 plant specimens, 5 wood specimens, 4 photographic prints (gift). Matuda, Prof. Eizi, Escuintla, Mexico: 130 specimens of Mexican plants (exchange). Milwaukee Public Museum, De- partment OF Botany, Milwaukee, 88 Wisconsin: 8 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis: 121 plant specimens, 9 photo- graphic prints (exchange). Mitchell, Rodger D., Wheaton, Ilhnois: 55 plant specimens (gift). MoLDENKE, Dr. Harold N., New York: 61 photographic prints of type specimens of plants (exchange). MusEO Nacional, San Jose, Costa Rica: 984 specimens of Costa Rican plants (gift). Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden: 99 specimens of algae (exchange). New York Botanical Garden, New York: 29 plant specimens (gift); 685 plant specimens, 51 cryptogamic specimens, 2 photographic prints (ex- change). Nielsen, Dr. Chester S., Talla- hassee, Florida: 9 specimens of mosses (gift). NovaCkova, Vera, Treble, Morava, Czechoslovakia: 11 specimens of algae (gift). Ousdal, Dr. a. P., Los Angeles: Specimen of Gloeocapsa violacea (gift). Patrick, Dr. Ruth, Philadelphia: 2 specimens of Zygogonium ericetorum (gift). Pearson and Son Hardwood Com- pany, C. H., New York: 5 wood speci- mens (gift). Petersen, Dr. Johs. Boye, Copen- hagen, Denmark: 3 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift). Phinney, Dr. Harry K., Chicago: 164 specimens of algae (gift). Pittier, Dr. Henri, Caracas, Vene- zuela: 205 specimens of Venezuelan plants (exchange). Pomona Products Company, Griffin, Georgia: Economic specimen (gift). Rapp, William F., Jr., Urbana, Illinois: 9 plant specimens (gift). Rayss, Dr. T., Jerusalem, Palestine: 13 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Reimer, Dr. F. C, Medford, Oregon: Specimen of Nostoc amplissimum (gift). Richards, Donald, Chicago: 5,261 specimens of mosses (gift). Roca-Garcia, Mrs. Helen Schie- FER, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 3 plant specimens (gift). Rollins, Dr. Reed C, Stanford University, California: 5 plant speci- mens (gift). Rousseau, Dr. Jacques, Montreal, Canada: 10 specimens of algae (gift). Runyon, Robert, Brownsville, Texas: 52 cryptogamic specimens (gift). SCHARF, Grace E., Evanston, Illi- nois: 15 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Schubert, Dr. Bernice G., Cam- bridge, Massachusetts: 2 illustrations (gift). Schugman, Mrs. Effie M., Chicago: 3 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Sherff, Dr. Earl E., Chicago: 119 photographic negatives of plant speci- mens (gift). Shimonek, Mrs. S., Northfield, Illinois: 6 specimens of fungi (gift). SouKUP, Prof. J., Lima, Peru: 394 specimens of Peruvian plants (gift). Standley, Paul C, Chicago: 439 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Stein, Charles, Chicago: 4 plant specimens (gift). Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Bar- rington, Illinois: 101 plant specimens (gift). Stifler, Mrs. Cloyd B., Bradenton, Florida: 20 specimens of algae (gift). Story, H. Elizabeth, Chicago: 4 specimens of mosses (gift). SwiNK, Floyd, Chicago: 7 plant specimens (gift). ToLSTEAD, Dr. W. L., Lincoln, Nebraska: 75 specimens of algae (gift). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Wash- ington, D.C.: 24 plant specimens (gift); 42 plant specimens (exchange). United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: 29 plant specimens, 431 cryptogamic specimens (exchange). University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia: 80 specimens of algae (exchange). University of Arizona, Tucson: 143 specimens of Arizona plants (ex- change). University of California, Botan- ical Garden, Berkeley: 310 plant specimens (gift). University of Michigan, Depart- ment OF Botany, Ann Arbor: 510 plant specimens (exchange). University of Texas, Depart- ment OF Botany, Austin: 958 plant specimens (gift); 567 plant specimens, 159 cryptogamic specimens (exchange). 89 University of Toronto, Depart- ment OF Botany, Toronto, Canada: 276 specimens of mosses (exchange). University of Washington, De- partment OF Botany, Seattle: 287 specimens of Montana plants (ex- change). University of Wisconsin, Depart- ment OF Botany, Madison: 72 plant specimens (exchange). Uribe Uribe, Prof. Lorenzo, Bo- gota, Colombia: Plant specimen (gift). Van Overbeek, Dr. J., Mayagiiez, Puerto Rico: Plant specimen, photo- graphic print (gift). Vargas, Dr. Cesar, Cuzco, Peru: 24 specimens of Peruvian plants (gift). Vatter, Albert E., Jr., Glenview, Illinois: 6 plant specimens, 40 speci- mens of algae, a collection of cycads in liquid (gift). Warfel, Dr. H. E., New Haven, Connecticut: Specimen of Oscillatoria rubescens (gift). Weston, Dr. William H., Jr., Cam- bridge, Massachusetts: Specimen of Hassallia byssoidea (gift). White, Dr. W. Lawrence, Phila- delphia: 12 specimens of algae (gift). Williams, Llewelyn, J. S. Daston, Chicago, AND Julian A. Steyermark, Barrington, Illinois: 10 plant speci- mens (gift). Wood, Richard D., Evanston, Illi- nois: 78 plant specimens, 195 specimens of algae (gift). Woodstock School, Landour, Mus- soorie, U. P., India: 48 specimens of ferns (gift). Wynne, Dr. Frances E., Chicago: 96 specimens of mosses (gift). Yale University, School of For- estry, New Haven, Connecticut: 21 plant specimens (gift). Department of Geology— Accessions Anderson, Billy J., China Spring, Texas: Claw of lobster (?) — near China Spring, Texas (gift). Barber, C. M., Flint, Michigan: Collection of fossil fish, fossil turtles, and fossil reptiles — near Arkadelphia, Arkansas (gift). Blackwelder, Prof. Eliot, Stan- ford University, California: Specimen of quartz flour — near Winslow, Arizona (gift). Bruce, Ralph, Chicago: Barite crystal group and chert nodule — Potosi, Missouri (gift). Chicago Natural History Museum: Collected by Harry E. Changnon: 42 specimens of minerals and ores — Missouri and Arkansas. Collected by Dr. Paul O. McGrew (Museum Paleontological Expedition to Honduras, 1941-42): 7 geological specimens — Honduras and Guatemala. Collected by Dr. Sharat K. Roy (Museum Geological Expedition to New York, 1940): 82 specimens illus- trating features of physical geology — various localities. Collected by Dr. Sharat K. Roy (Museum Geological Expedition to Colorado, 1940): 105 specimens of minerals and physical geology speci- mens — various localities. Collected by Dr. Rainer Zangerl, A. Zangerl, C. M. Barber, and W. D. Turnbull (Museum Paleontological Ex- pedition to Alabama, 1945-46): fossil fish, fossil turtles, and fossil reptiles- Dallas County, Alabama. Purchases: Collection of fossil blas- toids — various localities; specimen of adamite — Durango, Mexico. Daly, James F., III., Caracas, Vene- zuela: 17 specimens of minerals — Vene- zuela (gift). Deep Sea Dive, San Pedro, Cali- fornia: Specimen of bottom sand — Pacific Ocean; specimen of fine shell gravel — California (gift), f'" Derrick, Frank, Derrick Farm, Texas: Cast of maxillary of Caenopus (gift). DUNKEL, Dr. David, Washington, D.C.: 20 fragments of fossil fish — Cass- viile, Missouri (gift). Francis, Dr. Mark (tio address given) : 3 casts of vertebrate fossils (gift). GoODELL, C. A., Albuquerque, New Mexico: 6 official Army photographs of the explosion of the first atomic bomb (gift). Gunnell, E. Mitchell, Denver: Specimen of andalusite and specimen of calcite— Colorado and Mexico (gift); 90 specimen of manganosiderite — Colo- rado (exchange). Hartman, Arthur, Chicago: Fossil trilobite — Rock Creek State Park, Illinois (gift). Jennings, John W., Eureka Springs, Arkansas: Dolomite crystal and ruby sphalerite crystal— Eureka Springs, Arkansas (gift). Jones, Kent, Joplin, Missouri: Specimen of iridescent marcasite — Joplin, Missouri (gift). Kessen, Martin, Chicago: Speci- men of gold ore(?) — Idaho Springs, Colorado (gift). Lambert, T. R., Chicago: Upper and lower third molar of Mammuthus primi genius Blum — Fairbanks, Alaska (gift). Markham, Frank L., Los Angeles: Fossil pelecypod — Carissa Plains, Cali- fornia (gift). Quinn, James H., Harvey, Illinois: Marcasite concretion — Sag Canal, Chi- cago; Proboscidean femur —Quinn Can- yon, Nebraska (gift). Reilly, Alfred, Chicago: Specimen of gypsum sand — New Mexico (gift). RowE, Captain James L., Albu- querque, New Mexico: 6 specimens of sand fused by atomic bomb — New Mexico (gift). Sanborn, Colin Campbell, High- land Park, Illinois: Specimen of fora- miniferous sand — Oahu, Hawaii (gift). Schmidt, Karl P., and Robert G., Homewood, Illinois: Echinoid — near China Spring, Texas; 5 specimens of fossil turtles — Church Buttes, Bridger Basin, Wyoming; jaws with dentition of 2 fossil mammals (gift). Sheek, J. A., Silver City, New Mexico: Specimen of quartz and feldspar — New Mexico (gift). Turner, Filmore, Oak Park, Illi- nois: 6 minerals — New Mexico (gift). Whitfield, Dr. R. H., Evanston, Illinois: Specimen of Palaeoxyn's and fossil insect — coal strippings near Wil- mington, Illinois (gift). Wulfman, Carl, Detroit: Specimen of anthraconite — near Norwood, Michi- gan (gift). Zangerl, Dr. Rainer, Harvey, Illinois: Collection of fossil fish and fossil reptiles — Washakie Basin, Wyo- ming; specimen of Palaeoxyris — coal strippings near Wilmington, Illinois (gift). Department of Zoology — Accessions Abbey, E. S., Chicago: A mammal — Chicago (gift). Allen, Ross, Silver Springs, Florida: 39 reptiles and amphibians — Florida (gift). Anderson, Major A. B., Anglo- Egyptian Sudan: 9 reptiles and amphib- ians — Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (gift). Atz, J. W., Orange, New Jersey: 5 reptiles and amphibians — Philippine Islands (gift). Baker, John W., Chicago: An insect — Chicago (gift). Barber, C. M., Flint, Michigan: A mammal — Flint, Michigan (gift). Bauer, Margaret J., Chicago: A reptile, 40 shells — Florida (gift). Beecher, William J., Chicago: 174 reptiles and amphibians, 26 insects and their allies — South Pacific (gift). Bennett, Major Harry J., Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 271 reptiles and amphibians — Solomon Islands (gift). Bevans, Michael, Tenafly, New Jersey: 14 reptiles and amphibians — Okinawa and Korea (gift). Bois, John Jay du, Turlock Cali- fornia: An insect — Napa, California (gift). BouLTON, Rudyerd, Washington, D.C.: Expedition equipment (gift). BouLTON, Rudyerd, and John W. MOYER, Washington, D.C., and Chi- cago: Reference photographic file (gift). Bray, Corporal Robert, Japan: 92 shells — Japan (gift). BuRCH, John Q., Los Angeles: 51 shells — Brazil (exchange). Burt, Dr. Charles E., Topeka, Kansas: 3 reptiles and amphibians — various localities (gift). Burton, Robert A., Evanston, Illinois: 56 reptiles and amphibians, 3 crustaceans, an insect — various locali- ties (gift). Camras, Sidney, Chicago: 5 birds — Wyoming and Utah (gift). 91 Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh: A reptile — Bolivia (exchange). Chenery, E. M., Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies: 5 birds — Trinidad, British West Indies (gift). Chicago Natural History Museum: Collected by Henry S. Dybas and Rupert L. Wenzel: 186 insects and allies, 18 shells— Volo, Illinois. Collected by W. E. Eigsti, Emmet R. Blake, and Melvin A. Traylor, Jr.: 67 birds—Chicago region, Illinois. Collected by Robert F. Inger and Earl G. Wright: 20 reptiles and amphibians— Door County, Wisconsin. Collected by S. E. Meek, S. F. Hilde- brand, and E. A. Goldman (Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone) : 5 reptiles — Panama Canal Zone. Collected by Bryan Patterson and James H. Quinn (Museum Paleonto- logical Expedition to Texas): A mam- mal — Texas. Collected by Colin Campbell Sanborn (Museum Peruvian Expedition — 1946): 66 mammals, 50 birds, 225 reptiles and amphibians, 52 insects, 107 shells — Peru. Collected by Karl P. Schmidt, John M. Schmidt, and Robert G. Schmidt: 95 mammals, 166 reptiles and amphib- ians — southwestern United States and Mexico. Collected by Rupert L. Wenzel: 10 insects — Highland Park, Illinois. Collected by Loren P. Woods: 1,438 fishes — Great Lakes region. Purchases: 730 mammals, 11,459 birds, 1,036 reptiles and amphibians, 323 fishes, 1,827 insects and their allies, 1,429 lower invertebrates, 230 lots of sea shells — various localities. Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, Illinois: 11 mammals, 54 birds, 3 reptiles, 3 shells — various localities (gift). Cocks, Dr. John Hugh, Farmville, Virginia: A jellyfish — Farmville, Vir- ginia (gift). CoNANT, Roger, Philadelphia: 51 reptiles, an insect — various localities (gift). CoNOVER, BoARDMAN, Chicago: 74 mammals, 403 birds, 54 reptiles and amphibians — various localities (gift). Crea, John H., Lake Park, Minne- sota: A turtle shell — Lake Cormorant, Minnesota (gift). Cross, H. W., Chicago: 2 mammals, 6 birds — various localities (gift). Davis, Beth, Homewood, Illinois: A mammal — Homewood, Illinois (gift). Derry, J. J., Barrington, Illinois: A reptile — Lake County, IlUnois (gift). Drake, Robert J., Albuquerque, New Mexico: 109 shells — Colorado (gift). Dybas, Henry S., Chicago: 16 reptiles, 5,381 insects and their allies, 176 microscope slides of mosquito larvae, 33 shells — various localities (gift). Ehrhardt, R. p., Gambler, Ohio: A tadpole — Emida, Idaho (gift). Eighth Service Command Medical Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas: 72 mosquitoes — various locali- ties (gift). Eigsti, W. E., Hastings, Nebraska: A mammal, a bird— Chicago Heights, Illinois (gift). Field, Dr. Henry, Cuernavaca, Mexico: 16 reptiles and amphibians, 123 fishes, 75 insects and their allies, 35 shells— Florida and Mexico (gift). Field, Mariana, Thomasville, Georgia: 25 insects and their aUies — Thomasville, Georgia (gift). Fisher, Francis D., Winnetka, Illi- nois: A mammal — Winnetka, Illinois (gift). Fleming, Robert L., India: A reptile — India (gift). Foss, Mrs. Dorothy B., Chicago: An insect— Glen view, Illinois (gift). Franzen, Albert J., Chicago: 12 shells — Chicago area (gift). Gerhard, William J., Chicago: 125 insects — Colorado (gift). GoiN, Coleman J., Gainesville, Florida: 4 fishes— Florida (gift). Graham, Lloyd D., Chicago: 4 worms — Chicago (gift). Green, Lonsdale, Chicago: 57 shells— Sanibel Island, Florida (gift). Gregg, Colonel Clifford C, Val- paraiso, Indiana: 4 amphibians, 74 insects and their allies, 5 shells — Porter County, Indiana (gift). Grey, Mrs. Marion, Highland Park, Illinois: A fish— Oxford, Maryland (gift). Grosjean, Mrs. Ray O., Angola, Indiana: A mammal— Indiana (gift). GuNTER, Dr. Gordon, Rockport, Texas: A reptile — Refugio County, Texas (gift). 92 Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago: 3 reptiles and amphibians, 5 insects, 138 shells — Wisconsin (gift). Haas, Dr. Georg, Jerusalem, Pales- tine: 6 chameleons — Jerusalem, Pales- tine (gift). Hall, Ruth, Homewood, Illinois: A bird — Homewood, Illinois (gift). Hansen, S. G., New York: 11 lizards, 8 insects and their allies — South Pacific (gift). Hilton, Dr. William A., Clare- mont, California: 17 salamanders — Los Angeles County, California (ex- change). HoFF, C. C, Quincy, Illinois: A reptile — Appledore Island, New Hamp- shire (gift). HooGSTRAAL, Captain Harry, Chi- cago: 992 amphibians and reptiles, 1,329 insects and their allies, 23 micro- scope slides of mosquito larvae, 9 shells — various localities (gift). HuBBs, Dr. Carl L., La Jolla, California: 599 fishes — Monterey Bay, California (gift). Huisman, Donald, Oconto, Wis- consin: 3 reptiles — Oconto County, Wisconsin (gift). Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois: 7,522 insects and their allies — various localities (gift). Inger, Robert F., Chicago: 32 insects and their allies — La Porte County, Indiana (gift). Johnson, J. E., Jr., Waco, Texas: 40 reptiles — Texas (gift). Kohn, S 1/c Robert R., South Pacific: 6 reptiles — South Pacific (gift). Krauss, N. L. H., Canal Zone, Panama: 6 reptiles and amphibians — Guam and Canal Zone, Panama (gift). KuRFESs, Lieutenant (j.g.) J. S., Corpus Christi, Texas: 56 reptiles and amphibians — Texas (gift). Lazar, Joseph, Tawas, Michigan: An insect — Au Sable River, Michigan (gift). Lefond, Stanley, Fairbanks, Alas- ka: An isopod — near Cape Simpson, Alaska (gift). Liljeblad, Emil, Indianapolis, Indi- ana: 42 insects — various localities (gift). Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago: 10 mammals, 10 birds, 93 reptiles and amphibians, an insect — various locali- ties (gift). LowRiE, Donald C, Las Vegas, New Mexico: 1,000 vials containing approximately 1,500 determined spi- ders — midwestern United States (gift). Lyman, Frank, Lantana, Florida: A shell— Florida (gift). Malkin, Borys, Eugene, Oregon: 2 harvestmen — Townsville, Queensland, Australia (gift). Marchand, L. J., Dunnellen, Flor- ida: 5 frogs — Tampa, Florida (gift). Marshall, Dr. Ruth, Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin: Bibliographic mate- rial on water mites (gift). Martin, Richard A., Chicago: 6 insects — Wheatfield, Indiana (gift). Marx, Kevin W., St. Paul: 83 reptiles and amphibians, 5 series of tadpoles, 7 fishes — Philippine Islands (gift). McCallan, Dr. E., Trinidad, British West Indies: 9 frogs — Venezuela and Trinidad, British West Indies (gift). McCutcheon, John T., Chicago: A duck-billed platypus — Australia (gift). McGrew, Dr. Paul O., Laramie, Wyoming: 75 insects and their allies — Nebraska (gift). Mitchell, Rodger D., Wheaton, Illinois: 305 insects and their allies, 85 shells — various localities (gift). Mooney, James J., Highland Park, Illinois: 4 mammals — Wheeling, Illi- nois (gift). Museo Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil: 4 mammals — Brazil (exchange). Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts: A reptile, 9 shells — various localities (exchange); 3,957 shells — various localities (gift). Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan: A reptile — Flagstaff, Arizona (exchange). National Institute of Health, Hamilton, Montana: 64 microscope slides of insects — North America (ex- change). Necker, Walter L., Chicago: 5 mammals — Pine Mountain, Kentucky (exchange); 63 shells — Harlan County, Kentucky (gift). Nelson, Charles D., Grand Rapids, Michigan: 81 shells — various localities (gift). Nicholson, Dr. Arnold J., Billings, Montana: 424 mammals — various local- ities (gift). Orchard, C. D., San Antonio, Texas: 4 insects and their allies, 22 shells — San Antonio, Texas (gift). 93 Oregon Biological Supply Com- pany, Portland, Oregon: 30 reptiles — Washington and Oregon (exchange). Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H., Chicago: 105 mammals, 2 birds — Arizona and California (gift). Patterson, Bryan, Chicago: 253 insects and their allies, 37 lower invertebrates — Illinois and Wisconsin (gift). Phelps, William H., Caracas, Vene- zuela: 9 birds— Venezuela (exchange). Plath, Karl, Chicago: A bird — Borneo (gift). Pope, Clifford H., Winnetka, Illi- nois: 31 salamanders — various locaHties (gift). Price, G. R., Chicago: A mammal — Banner, Illinois (gift). Quinn, James H., Harvey, Illinois: 50 shells — various localities (gift). Quinn, James H., Harvey, Illinois, AND Bryan Patterson, Chicago: 48 shells— Little Calumet River, Illinois (gift). Ray, Eugene, Chicago: 12 reptiles and amphibians, 3,583 insects and their allies, 77 shells— various localities (gift). Reesman, H. R., and G. L. Beck, Furnessville, Indiana: 1 mammal — Furnessville, Indiana (gift). Remington, Charles L., St. Louis: 11 insects and their allies — United States and Pacific Islands (gift). Ricketts, Edward F., Pacific Grove, California: 329 fishes, 989 shells- various localities (gift). Rivera, Juan A., Mayagiiez, Puerto Rico: 10 frogs— Puerto Rico (gift). Ross, Dr. Edward S., San Francisco: 6 insects— Florida and Texas (gift). Rueckert, Mrs. Arthur G., Chi- cago: 5 amphibians, 140 insects and their allies — Hardee County, Florida (gift). RuHE, Louis, Inc., New York: A mammal — India (gift). Rysgaard, G. N., Minneapolis: 19 reptiles and amphibians — Philippine Islands (gift). Sanborn, Colin Campbell, High- land Park, Illinois: 2 reptiles, 119 insects and their allies — various locali- ties (gift). Schmidt, John M., Plainfield, Illi- nois: 40 mammals, a bird — Texas (gift). Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, Illi- nois: A mammal, 134 reptiles and amphibians, a book (for exhibition) — various localities (gift). Schmidt, Robert G., Homewood, Illinois: 340 insects and their allies — western United States and Mexico (gift). Schmidt, W. F., Tipton, Missouri: 3 mammals — Tipton, Missouri (gift). Schubart, Dr. Otto, Sao Paulo, Brazil: 32 shells— Brazil (gift). Schwengel, Dr. Jeanne S., Scars- dale, New York: 241 shells — various localities (gift). Seevers, Dr. Charles H., Chicago: 660 insects — various localities (gift). Shockly, Clarence H., Bicknell, Indiana: A skink — Baluchistan, India (gift). Simmons, Dr. G. F., Chicago: 8 mammals — Illinois (gift). Slater, J. A., Chicago: 86 reptiles and amphibians — various localities (gift). Smith, Clarence R., Aurora, Illi- nois: A mammal, 6 reptiles and amphibians — Illinois (gift). SoLEM, Allen, Oak Park, Illinois: 5 insects — Illinois and South Dakota (gift). SouKUP, J., Lima, Peru: 142 insects and their allies — Peru (gift). Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Bar- rington, Illinois: 8 mammals, 41 insects and their allies, 4 lower invertebrates — various localities (gift). Stixrud, T. W., St. Charles, Mis- souri: 29 reptiles and amphibians — Solomon Islands (gift). Story, H. Elizabeth, Chicago: A reptile, 3 insects — Ohio and Wisconsin (gift). Tanner, Dr. Vasco M., Provo, Utah: 21 insects — Philippine Islands (gift). Taylor, Mrs. Lewis A., Glenview, Illinois: A bird— Glenview, IlHnois (gift). Thompson, Ray, Zion, Illinois: A turtle — Illinois (gift). ToRO, Miguel Alvarez del, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Mexico: 61 birds — Chiapas, Mexico (exchange). Torre, Alfredo de la, Matanzas, Cuba: 2 reptiles— Havana, Cuba (gift). Torre, Luis de la, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 11 mammals — various locali- ties (exchange); 16 insects — various localities (gift). 94 Trapido, Harold, Panama City, Panama: A frog, 408 fishes — Panama (exchange). Traub, Robert, Alexandria, Vir- ginia: 38 insects — various localities (gift). Traylor, Melvin a., Jr., Winnetka, Illinois: 77 birds — South Pacific (gift). United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: A reptile, 52 fishes — various localities (exchange). University of Chicago: 4 mammals, 55 microscope slides of mammalian tissues — various localities (gift). University of Cincinnati: 2 birds — Indiana (exchange). Van der Schalie, Henry, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 319 shells — United States (gift). VisocKis, J., Chicago: 10 fishes — Chicago (gift). VoORHlES, C. T., Tucson, Arizona: A reptile — Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona (gift). Wang, Dr. Yuhsi Moltze, Chung- king, China: 2 snakes — Kweichow, China (gift). Watkins, a. R., Chicago: 261 fishes, 20 lower invertebrates — Guaymas, Mexico (gift). Weber, Robert, Highland Park, Illinois: 11 mammals — Highland Park, Illinois (gift). Weed, Alfred C, DeLand, Florida: Jaws and skin sample of sandbar shark, 4 shells — Florida and North Carolina (gift). Weld, Dr. Lewis H., East Falls Church, Virginia: 1,125 gall wasps — various localities (gift). Wenzel, Rupert L., Oak Park, Illi- nois: 2 reptiles, 927 insects and their allies, 203 microscope slides of mosquito larvae — various localities (gift). Weyrauch, Wolfgang, Lima, Peru: 8 mammals — Peru (gift). Wise, Clifford, Chicago: A mud puppy — Illinois (gift). Wolcott, Albert Burke, Downers Grove, Illinois: 4,740 insects — various localities (gift). Woods, Mrs. Adele, Washington, D.C.: 7 shells — Niagara Falls, New York (gift). Woods, Loren P., Washington, D.C.: 3 tadpoles, 27 insects and their allies, 371 lower invertebrates — United States (gift). Wright, Earl G., Green Bay, Wis- consin: A reptile — Wisconsin (gift). Wyatt, Alex K., Chicago: 99 insects ^United States (gift). Zaid, Davis, Philadelphia: 1 crab — Ryukyu Islands (gift). Zangerl, Dr. Rainer, Harvey, Illinois: 8 reptiles, an insect, 1,413 microscope slides of animal tissue^ various localities (gift). ZiMMERMANN, MrS. ArNOLD A., Winnetka, Illinois: A snake — Lake County, Illinois (gift). Zimring, Daniel J., Chicago: 29 spiders, 3 shells — Indiana and Illinois (gift). Raymond Foundation — Accessions Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, Chicago: Cabinet of standard slides (gift). Blake, Emmet R., Chicago: 42 slides, 192 feet of 16 mm. color film (purchase). Broman, Louise K., Chicago: 17 slides (gift). Chicago Color Camera Club: 52 slides (gift). Chicago Natural History Museum: 40 slides (Museum Expedition to El Paricutin); 314 slides (Museum Expedi- tion to Guatemala); 95 slides made by Division of Photography. Gray, R. E., Mexico City: 458 feet of 16 mm. color film (purchase). Howe, C. A., Homewood, Illinois: 349 slides (gift). Johnson, Herbert J., Chicago: 21 slides (gift). KoLARiK, Blanche, Chicago: 9 slides (gift). MoYER, John W., Chicago: 21 slides (gift); 100 feet of 16 mm. color film (purchase). National Audubon Society, New York: 20 slides (purchase). National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.: 13 slides (purchase). Patterson, Bryan, Chicago: 253 standard slides (gift). Weed, Alfred C, DeLand, Florida: 586 standard slides (gift). 95 Division of Photography— Accessions Chicago Natural History Museum: Made by Division of Photography: 20,690 prints, 1,018 negatives, 248 enlargements, 153 lantern slides, 5 transparencies, and 55 kodachromes. Made by Colin Campbell Sanborn: 99 negatives of general views in Peru. Made by Mr. and Mrs. James B. Watson: 527 negatives of physical types in Brazil. Howe, Mrs. Warren D., Dorset, Vermont: 218 negatives and 3 prints of African pygmies and general views (gift). Library Accessions— List of Donors: Institutions Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Mate- maticas y Naturales, Caracas, Vene- zuela. Africa, Madrid, Spain. Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, College Station. Anuario Bibliografico Cubano, Havana, Cuba. Army Air Forces Aeronautical Chart Plant, St. Louis. Australian Institute of Anatomy, Can- berra, Australia. Board for the Netherlands Indies, New York. Brazil — Ministerio da Agricultura, Conselho Nacional de Protecao aos Indios. Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation, Inc., Philadelphia. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Chicago Public Library. Cook County Department of Public Health, Chicago. Costa Rica Servicio Meteorologico Nacional, San Jose, Costa Rica. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan. Edinburgh Public Libraries, Edin- burgh, Scotland. Eidgenossiches Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland. Empire Tea Bureau, London, England. Engineering Societies Library, New York. Finnish Academy of Sciences and Arts, Helsinki, Finland. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Washington, D.C. Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. General Motors Customer Research, Detroit. Hawkes Bay Art Society, Napier, New Zealand. Hormel Institute, Austin, Minnesota. Institute for Intercultural Studies, New York. Instituto Botanico Universidade Facul- dade de Ciencias, Lisbon, Portugal. Instituto de Botanica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Instituto Indigenista Nacional, Guate- mala City. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico City. International African Institute, Lon- don, England. International Harvester Company, Chi- cago. John Crerar Library, Chicago. Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles. Mahogany Association, Chicago. Maria Mitchell Assocation, Nantucket, Massachusetts. Marine Life, New York. Maryland Board of Natural Resources, Baltimore. Michigan Audubon Society, Kingman Museum of Natural History, Battle Creek. Ministere de I'Education Nationale, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France. Musee de I'Homme, Paris, France. Museo de Arquelogia "Rafael Larco Herrera," Trujillo, Peru. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Museum of Natural Science and Art, Scranton, Pennsylvania. National Research Council, Washing- ton, D.C. New Zealand — Department of Agricul- ture, Wellington. 96 Office of Indian Affairs, Chicago. Ohio Development and Publicity Com- mission, Columbus. Palm Springs Desert Museum, Palm Springs, California. Pan American Union, Washington, D.C. Phi Sigma Society, Mesa, Colorado. Portugal — Ministerias Colonias, Junta das Missoes Geograficas e de Investi- gacoes Colonias, Lisbon. Republic Stub Corporation, Fleming- ton, New Jersey. Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland. Santo Domingo Secretaria de Estado de Agricultura, Trujillo, Santo Domingo. School of Chinese Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Seminario de Historia Primitiva del Hombre, Madrid, Spain. Service des Mines de I'Afrique Occi- dentale Francaise, Dakar, Senegal, Africa. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Sociedad Argentina de Botanica, La Plata, Argentina. Societe Provancher d'Histoire Natu- relle du Canada, Quebec. Societe Royale de Zoologie, Antwerp, Belgium. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, Oklahoma. South African Archaeological Survey, Johannesburg, South Africa. South African Institute for Medical Re- search, Johannesburg, South Africa. Southwestern Monuments Association, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Swift and Company, Chicago. Texas Forest Service, College Station. Tomsk Hcrbaris Universitatis Tomske- nis, Tomsk, Siberia. United States Board of Geographical Names, Washington, D.C. United States Bureau of American Ethnology, Washington, D.C. United States Bureau of Mines, Wash- ington, D.C. United States Department of Agri- culture Library, Washington, D.C. United States Forest Service, Washing- ton, D.C. United States Geographic Board, Wash- ington, D.C. United States Geological Survey, Wash- ington, D.C. United States National Museum, Wash- ington, D.C. Universidad Nacional, Institute de Geologia, Mexico City. Universidad Nacional, Institute Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina. Universidad Nacional, Seccion Arque- logica, Cuzco, Peru. University of Chicago. University of Kansas, Lawrence. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. U.S.O. Department of Public Informa- tion, New York. Utah Mineralogical Society, Salt Lake City. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England. Worcester Natural History Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts. Yorktown Natural History Society, Yorktown, Saskatchewan, Canada. Library Accessions— List of Donors: Individuals Altman, E., Chicago. Andreas, Charlotte Henriette, Gron- ingen, Netherlands. Bachni, Charles, Geneva, Switzerland. Bargen, B., North Newton, Kansas. Bay, J. C, Chicago. Beaux, Oscar de, Genoa, Italy. Bohlin, Birger, Stockholm, Sweden. Brand, Donald D., Albuquerque, New Mexico. Briscoe, Madison S., Washington, D.C. Cano, Dr. Alfonso, Mexico City. Carney, Major Herschel W., Kalama- zoo, Michigan. Castellanos, Rosario de, Santa Fe, Argentina. Cockerell, T. D. A., Boulder, Colorado. Coleman, Edith, Victoria, Australia. Conover, Boardman, Chicago. Cotterill, Clare, Chicago. 97 Cox, Warren E., New York. Crawford, G. I., London, England. Cufodontis, Dr. G., Vienna, Austria. Dahlgren, Dr. B. E., Chicago. Dansereau, Pierre, Montreal, Canada. Davis, D. Dwight, Chicago. Davis, Watson, Washington, D.C. De Vos, Arthur, Chicago. Drouet, Dr. Francis, Chicago. Du Bos, Antony, Chicago. Dybas, Henry S., Chicago. Fattig, R. W., Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Field, Dr. Henry, Cuernavaca, Mexico. Field, Stanley, Chicago. Finkel, Dr. Asher, Chicago. Fitzpatrick, Prof. H. M., Ithaca, New York. Francis, P. H., Knutsford, England. Eraser, Lieutenant Colonel F. C, London, England. Frondel, Clifford, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts. Gerhard, William J., Chicago. Goldring, Winifred, Albany, New York. Goodrich, Prof. Arthur L., Manhattan, Kansas. Gregg, Colonel Clifford C, Valparaiso, Indiana. Grey, Mrs. Marion, Highland Park, Illinois. Grimoche, Dr. Marcel, Nancy, France. Gudger, E. W., New York. Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago. Haecher, F. W., Omaha, Nebraska. Harte, H. B., Chicago. Hellebrekers, W. Ph. J., Leiden, Netherlands. Hermite, Esther, Chicago. Hochrentiner, B. P. G., Geneva, Switzerland. Hocking, Dr. George M., New York. Honigsheim, Paul, East Lansing, Mich- igan. Hookjer, D. A., Leiden, Netherlands. Howard, J. Harry, Greenville, South Carolina. Jackson, Ralph W., Cambridge, Mary- land. Kidder, A. V., Cambridge, Massachu- setts. Kjersmeier, Copenhagen, Denmark. Kligman, Albert M., Philadelphia. 98 I Krapovickas, Antonio, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Krogman, Prof. W. M., Chicago. Krylov, P. N., Tomsk, Siberia. Lain, Dr. H. J., Leiden, Netherlands. Larco Hoyle, Rafael, Trujillo, Peru. Lazzarini Peckolt, Oswaldo de, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Liser y Trellis, Carlos A., Buenos Aires, Argentina. Long, W. H., Albuquerque, New Mexico. Lowe, Percy R., London, England. McGrew, Dr. Paul 0., Laramie, Wyo- ming. McWilliam, The Reverend John Mor- rell, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. Mahendra, Beni Charast, Pilani, India. Marshall, William B., Washington, D.C. Mayr, Ernst, New York. Millar, John R., Chicago. Miller, Henry M., Chicago. Nabours, Robert K., Manhattan, Kansas. Necker, Walter L., Chicago. Neitzel, W. C, Chicago. Nichols, Henry W., Chicago. Oakes, Lieutenant Commander 0. A., Severna Park, Maryland. Ognev, Dr. S. T., Moscow, U.S.S.R. Ortenvinger, Dr. A. L., Norman, Oklahoma. Pfeiffer, Dr. I. W., Chicago. Phelps, William H., Caracas, Vene- zuela. Pimentel, Enrique A., Caracas, Vene- zuela. Pope, Clifford H., Winnetka, Illinois Posmansky, Arthur, La Paz, Bolivia. Prado, Alcides, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ray, Eugene, Chicago. Reeves, R. G., College Station, Texas Rehder, Alfred, Jamaica Plain, Mas- sachusetts. Rehn, James A. G., Philadelphia. Romer, A. S., Cambridge, Massachu- setts. Royo y Gomez, Jose, Bogota, Colombia Russell, Carl P., Washington, D.C. Sanborn, Colin Campbell, Highlanc Park, Illinois. Sanz Echeverria, Josefa, Madrid, Spainlij Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, Illinois ij Seiler, L. T., Zurich, Switzerland. Sharp, Aaron J., Knoxville, Tennessee. Shaw, Miriam, Harvard, Massachu- setts. Sherff, Dr. Earl E., Chicago. Smiotanski, John A., Chicago. Smith, Albert G., Ann Arbor, Michigan. Smith, E. N., Chicago. Smith, Prentiss, Homewood, Illinois. Soper, J. Dewey, Chicago. Southcott, Dr. R. V., Adelaide, South Australia. Souza-Novelo, Dr. Narciso, Yucatan, Mexico. Spencer, L. J., London, England. Spier, Dr. Leslie, Santa Cruz, Cali- fornia. Spoehr, Dr. Alexander, Winnetka, Illinois. Standley, Paul C, Chicago. Stauffer, Clinton R., Pasadena, Cali- fornia. Stehr, William C, Athens, Ohio. Sternberg, Charles, Ottawa, Canada. Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Harrington, Illinois. Sulzberger, Arthur Hays, New York. Vetlesen, Mrs. George, New York. Voons, K. H., Jr., Amsterdam, Netherlands. Wagner, Emilio R. Estero, Argentina. Wainwright, G. A., Khartoum, Sudan. Wenzel, Rupert L., Oak Park, Illinois. Whittenberger, Robert T., Philadel- phia. Wolcott, Albert Burke, Downers Grove, Illinois. Woods, Loren P., Washington, D.C. Wyatt, Alex K., Chicago. Zangerl, Dr. Rainer, Harvey, Illinois. Zimmer, Dr. John T., New York. 99 I CONTRIBUTIONS AND BEQUESTS Contributions and bequests to Chicago Natural History Mu- f seum may be made in securities, money, books, or collections. I They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to a person or ] cause, to be named by the giver. | Contributions made to the Museum are allowable as deductions i in computing net income for federal income tax purposes, subject ,j only to the limitation that the total deduction for charitable gifts \ may not exceed in any year 15 per cent of the contributor's net | income. I Contributions and bequests in any amount to Chicago Natural ! History Museum are exempt from federal gift and estate taxes. , Endowments may be made to the Museum with the provision i that an annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetime. I For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum the fol- lowing form is suggested : FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Chicago Natural History Museum of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, LIST OF MEMBERS FOUNDER Marshall Field* BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum Ayer, Edward E.* Buckingham, Miss Kate S.* Crane, Cornelius Crane, R. T., Jr.* Field, Joseph N.* Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Graham, Ernest R.* * Deceased Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W.* Higinbotham,HarlowN.* Kelley, William V.* Pullman, George M.* Rawson, Frederick H.* Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond, James Nelson* Ryerson, Martin A.* Ryerson, Mrs. Martin A.* Simpson, James* Smith, Mrs. Frances Gaylord* Smith, George T.* Sturges, Mrs. Mary D.* Suarez, Mrs. Diego HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science Cutting, C. Suydam Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Harris, Albert W. Ludwig, H. R. H. Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prince of Sweden McCormick, Stanley Deceased,1946 Sprague, Albert A. Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Cherrie, George K. Collins, Alfred M. Conover, Boardman Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Field, Mrs. Stanley Hack, Frederick C. Hancock, G. Allan Judson, Clay Deceased, 1946 Sprague, Albert A. Strawn, Silas H. Knight, Charles R. Moore, Mrs. William H. Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. 101 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Breuil, Abbe Henri Christensen, Dr. Carl Diels, Dr. Ludwig Hochreutiner, Dr. B. P. Georges Humbert, Professor Henri Keissler, Dr. Karl Keith, Professor Sir Arthur CONTRIBUTORS Those ivho have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to the Museum in money or materials $75,000 to $100,000 Chancellor, Philip M. $50,000 to $75,000 Keep, Chauncey* Rosenwald, Mrs. Augusta N.* $25,000 to $50,000 Adams, Mrs. Edith Almy* Blackstone, Mrs. Timothy B.* Chalmers, Mrs. Joan A.* Coats, John* Crane, Charles R.* Crane, Mrs. R. T., Jr. Field, Mrs. Stanley Jones, Arthur B.* Murphy, Walter P.* Porter, George F.* Rosenwald, Julius* Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. $10,000 to $25,000 Adams, Joseph* Armour, Allison V.* Armour, P. D.* Babcock, Mrs. Abby K.* Barnes, R. Magoon* * Deceased Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chalmers, William J.* Conover, Boardman Cummings, R. F.* Cutting, C. Suydam Everard, R. T.* Gunsaulus, Dr. F. W.* Insull, Samuel* Laufer, Dr. Berthold* Lufkin, Wallace W.* Mandel, Leon McCormick, Cyrus (Estate) McCormick, Stanley Mitchell, John J.* Reese, Lewis* Robb, Mrs. George W.* Rockfeller Foundation, The Sargent, Homer E. Schweppe, Mrs. Charles H.* Straus, Mrs. Oscar S.* Strong, Walter A.* Wrigley, William, Jr.* $5,000 to $10,000 Adams, George E.* Adams, Mil ward* American Friends of China Avery, Sewell L. Bartlett, A. C* Bishop, Heber (Estate) Borland, Mrs. John Jay* Crane, R. T.* Doane, J. W.* Field, Dr. Henrv Fuller, WilHam A.* Graves, George Coe, II* Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Norman Dwight Harris, Mrs. Norman W.* Haskell, Frederick T.* Hutchinson, C. L.* Keith, Edson* Langtry, J. C. MacLean, Mrs. M. Haddon* Moore, Mrs. William H. Payne, John Barton* Pearsons, D. K.* Perry, Stuart H. Porter, H. H.* Ream, Norman B.* Revell, Alexander H.* Salie, Prince M. U. M. Sprague, A. A.* Storey, William Benson* Strawn, Silas H.* Street, William S. Thorne, Bruce Tree, Lambert* Valentine, Louis L.* Watkins, Rush 102 CONTRIBUTORS (Continued) $1,000 to $5,000 Avery, Miss Clara A.* Ayer, Mrs. Edward E.* Barrett, Samuel E.* Bensabott, R., Inc. Bishop, Dr. Louis B. Blair, Watson F.* Blaschke, Stanley Field Block, Mrs. Helen M.* Borden, John Brown, Charles Edward* Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Chicago Zoological Society, The Clarke, Mrs. Broadus James Coburn, Mrs. Annie S.* Crocker, Templeton Cummings, Mrs. Robert F.* Doering, 0. C. Fish, Mrs. Frederick S. Graves, Henry, Jr. Gunsaulus, Miss Helen Gurley, William F. E.* * Deceased Herz, Arthur Wolf* Hibbard, W. G.* Higginson, Mrs. Charles M.* Hill, James J.* Hinde, Thomas W. Hixon, Frank P.* Hoffman, Miss Malvina Hughes, Thomas S. Jackson, Huntington W.* James, F. G. James, S. L. Knickerbocker, Charles K.* Kraft, James L. Lee Ling Yiin Lerner, Michael Look, Alfred A. MacLean, Haddon H. Mandel, Fred L., Jr. Manierre, George* Marshall, Dr. Ruth Martin, Alfred T.* McCormick, Cyrus H.* McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus* Mitchell, Clarence B. Ogden, Mrs. Frances E.* Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H. Palmer, Potter* Patten, Henry J.* Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Rauchfuss, Charles F.* Raymond, Charles E.* Reynolds, Earle H.* Richards, Donald Richards, Elmer J. Rumely, William N.* Schapiro, Dr. Louis* Schwab, Martin C. Schweppe, Charles H.* Shaw, William W. Sherff, Dr. Earl E. Smith, Byron L.* Sprague, Albert A.* Steyermark, Dr. Julian A. Thompson, E. H.* Thorne, Mrs. Louise E. Traylor, Melvin A., Jr. VanValzah, Dr. Robert VonFrantzius, Fritz* Wheeler, Leslie* Willis, L. M. Wolcott, Albert B. CORPORATE MEMBERS Armour, Lester Avery, Sewell L. Blair, W. McCormick Block, Leopold E. Borden, John Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Cherrie, George K. Collins, Alfred M. Conover, Boardman Cummings, Walter J. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Dick, Albert B., Jr. McCulloch, Charles A. Ellsworth, Duncan S. Fenton, Howard W. Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Hack, Frederick C. Hancock, G. Allan Harris, Albert W. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Isham, Henry P. Judson, Clay Deceased, 1946 Sprague, Albert A. Knight, Charles R. McBain, Hughston M. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Mrs. William H. Randall, Clarence B. Richardson, George A. Sargent, Homer E. Smith, Solomon A. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. Wetten, Albert H. White, Harold A. Wilson, John P. Strawn, Silas H. 103 LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum Adler, Max Allerton, Robert H. Armour, A. Watson Armour, Lester Armour, Mrs. Ogden Ascoli, Mrs. Max Asher, Louis E. Avery, Sewell L. Babson, Henry B. Bacon, Edward Richardson, Jr. Banks, Alexander F. Barnhart, Miss Gracia M. F. Barrett, Mrs. A. D. Barrett, Robert L. Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell Baur, Mrs. Jacob Bensabott, R. Bermingham, Edward J. Blaine, Mrs. Emmons Blair, Chauncey B. Block, Leopold E. Booth, W. Vernon Borden, John Borland, Chauncey B. Brassert, Herman A. Brewster, Walter S. Browne, Aldis J. Buchanan, D. W. Budd, Britton L Burnham, John Burt, William G. Butler, Julius W. Butler, Rush C. Carpenter, Augustus A. Carpenter, Mrs. John Alden Carr, George R. Carr, Walter S. Casalis, Mrs. Maurice Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Clarke, Mrs. Broadus James Clegg, William G. Clegg, Mrs. William G. Connor, Ronnoc Hill Conover, Boardman Cook, Mrs. Daphne Field Corley, F. D. Cramer, Corwith Crossett, Edward C. Crossley, Lady Josephine Crossley, Sir Kenneth Cudahy, Edward A. Cudahy, Joseph M. Cummings, Walter J. Cunningham, James D. Gushing, Charles G. Dawes, Charles G. Dawes, Henry M. Decker, Alfred Delano, Frederic A. Dick, Albert B., Jr. Dierssen, Ferdinand W. Dixon, Homer L. Donnelley, Thomas E. Doyle, Edward J. Drake, John B. Durand, Scott S. Edmunds, Philip S. Ely, Mrs. C. Morse Epstein, Max Ewing, Charles Hull Farr, Newton Camp Farr, Miss Shirley Fay, C. N. Fenton, Howard W. Fentress, Calvin Fernald, Charles Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Gardner, Robert A. Gary, Mrs. John W. Gilbert, Huntly H. Glore, Charles F. Goodspeed, Charles B. Gowing, J. Parker Hack, Frederick C. Hamill, Alfred E. Hamill, Mrs. Ernest A. Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W. Hayes, William F. Hecht, Frank A. Hemmens, Mrs. Walter P. Hibbard, Frank Hickox, Mrs. Charles V. Hill, Louis W. Hinde, Thomas W. Hopkins, J. M. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. Landon Hughes, Thomas S. Hutchins, James C. Insull, Martin J. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Jarnagin, William N. Jelke, John F., Jr. Joiner, Theodore E. Jones, Miss Gwethalyn Kelley, Russell P. Kidston, William H. King, James G. Kirk, Walter Radcliffe Ladd, John Lamont, Robert P. Lehmann, E. J. Leonard, ClifTord M. Levy, Mrs. David M. Linn, Mrs. Dorothy C. Logan, Spencer H. Lytton, Henry C. MacDowell, Charles H. MacLeish, John E. MacVeagh, Fames Madlener, Mrs. Albert F. Mason, William S. McBain, Hughston M. McCormick, Stanley McCutcheon, John T. McGann, Mrs. Robert G. Mclnnerney, Thomas H. McKinlay, John McNulty, T. J. Meyer, Carl Meyne, Gerhardt F. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Edward S. Morse, Charles H. Morton, Mark Munroe, Charles A. Newell, A. B. Nikolas, G. J. Ormsby, Dr. Oliver S. Orr, Robert M. Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honore Pick, Albert Poppenhusen, Conrad H. Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise Rinaldo, Mrs. Philip S. Robinson, Theodore W. Rodman, Mrs. Katherine Field 104 LIFE MEMBERS (Continued) Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rosenwald, William Rubloff, Arthur Ryerson, Edward L., Jr. Seabury, Charles W. Shirk, Joseph H. Simpson, William B. Smith, Alexander Smith, Solomon A. Spalding, Keith Spalding, Vaughan C. Sprague, Mrs. Albert A. Stewart, Robert W. Stuart, Harry L. Stuart, John Collins, William M. Heineman, Oscar Leopold, Mrs. Harold E Stuart, R. Douglas Sturges, George Swift, Charles H. Swift, Harold H. Thorne, Charles H. Thorne, Robert J. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell Uihlein, Edgar J. Underwood, Morgan P. Veatch, George L. Wanner, Harry C. Ward, P. C. Deceased, 1946 McCulloch, Charles A. Patterson, Joseph M. Peabody, Stuyvesant Welch, Mrs. Edwin P. Welling, John P. Whitney, Mrs. Julia L. Wickwire, Mrs. Edward L. Wieboldt, William A. Willard, Alonzo J. Willits, Ward W. Wilson, John P. Wilson, Thomas E. Winston, Garrard B. Winter, Wallace C. Woolley, Clarence M. Wrigley, Philip K. Yates, David M. Pike, Eugene R. Sprague, Albert A. Strawn, Silas H. NON'RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $100 to the Museum Rosenwald, Lessing J. Bennett, Mrs. Irene Stark Coolidge, Harold J., Jr. Copley, Ira Cliff Gregg, John Wyatt Hearne, Knox Holloman, Mrs. Delmar W. Johnson, Herbert F., Jr. Maxwell, Gilbert S. Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Deceased, 1946 Ellis, Ralph Sardeson, Orville A. Stephens, W. C. Stern, Mrs. Edgar B. Vernay, Arthur S. Zerk, Oscar U. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum Aaron, Charles Aaron, Ely M. Abbott, Donald Putnam, Jr. Abbott, Gordon C. Abbott, W. Rufus Abbott, William L. Abeles, Mrs. Jerome G. Abrams, Duff A. Ackerman, Charles N. Adamick, Gustave H. Adams, Mrs. Charles S. Adams, Mrs. David T. Adams, Mrs. Frances Sprogle Adams, Miss Jane Abrahamsen, Miss Cora Adams, John Q. Adams, Mrs. S. H. Adams, Mrs. Samuel Adams, William C. Adamson, Henry T. Adler, David Adler, Mrs. Max Ahlschlager, Walter W. Alden, William T. Aldis, Graham 105 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Alexander, Mrs. Arline V. Alexander, Edward Alexander, William H. Alford, Mrs. Laura T. C. Allbright, John G. Allen, Mrs. Fred G. Allensworth, A. P. Allin, J. J. Allison, Mrs. William M. Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. Alter, Harry Alton, Carol W. Ames, Rev. Edward S. Andersen, Arthur Anderson, Mrs. A. W. Anderson, Mrs. Alma K. Anderson, Miss Florence Regina Andreen, Otto C. Andrews, Mrs. E. C. Andrews, Milton H. Angelopoulos, Archie Anstiss, George P. Antrim, E. M. Appelt, Mrs. Jessie E. Armbrust, John T. Armbruster, Charles A. Armour, A. Watson, III Armour, Laurance H. Armour, Philip D. Armstrong, Mrs. Julian Armstrong, Kenneth E. Arn, W. G. Arnold, Mrs. Lloyd Artingstall, Samuel G. Ascher, Fred Ashenhurst, Harold S. Asher, Norman Aurelius, Mrs. Marcus A. Austin, E. F. Austin, Henry W. Avery, George J. Ayres, Robert B. Babb, W. E. Babson, Mrs. Gustavus Bachmann, Mrs. Harrold A. Bachmeyer, Dr. Arthur C. Back, Miss Maude F. Bacon, Dr. Alfons R. Badger, Shreve Cowles Baer, David E. Baer, Mervin K. Baer, Walter S. Bagby, John C. Baggaley, William Blair Bair, W. P. Baird, Harry K. Baker, Mrs. Alfred L. Baker, G. W. Baker, Greeley Baldwin, Vincent Curtis Balgemann, Otto W. Balkin, Louis Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ballard, Mrs. Foster K. Ballenger, A. G. Banes, W. C. Banks, Edgar C. Bannister, Miss Ruth D. Bantsolas, John N. Barber, Phil C. Bargquist, Miss Lillian D. Barkhausen, L. H. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, Mrs. Charles Osborne Barnes, Harold O. Barnhart, Mrs. A. M. Barnum, Harry H. Barr, Mrs. Alfred H. Barr, George Barrett, Mrs. Arthur M. Barrett, Mrs. Harold G. Barthell, Gary Bartholomae, Mrs. Emma Bartholomay, F. H. Bartholomay, Henry Bartholomay, Mrs. William, Jr. Bartlett, Frederic C. Barton, Mrs. Enos M. Basile, William B. Basta, George A. Bastian, Charles L. Bastien, A. E. Bateman, Floyd L. Bates, Mrs. A. M. Bates, Joseph A. Battey, Paul L. Baum, Mrs. James E. Baum, Wilhelm Baumann, Harry P. Bausch, William C. Beach, Miss Bess K. Beach, E. Chandler Beachy, Mrs. Walter F. Beck, Alexander Beck von Peccoz, Baroness Martha Becker, Benjamin F. Becker, Benjamin V. Becker, Frederick G. Becker, Herman T. Becker, James H. Becker, Louis Becker, Louis L. Beckler, R. M. Beckman, Victor A. Beckman, William H. Beddoes, Hubert Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, Francis, II Bell, Mrs. Laird Benjamin, Jack A. Benner, Harry Bennett, S. A. Bennett, Professor J. Gardner Benson, John Benson, Mrs. Thaddeus R. Bent, John P. Bentley, Mrs. Cyrus Benton, Miss Mabel M. Berend, George F. Berkely, Dr. J. G. Berkson, Mrs. Maurice Berry, V. D. Bersbach, Elmer S. Bertol, Miss Aurelia Bertschinger, Dr. C. F. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bettman, Dr. Ralph B. Bichl, Thomas A. Biddle, Robert C. Biehn, Dr. J. F. Bigler, Mrs. Albert J. Biggs, Mrs. Joseph H. Billow, Miss Virginia Bird, Miss Frances Birk, Miss Amelia Birk, Frank J. Bishop, Howard P. Bishop, Miss Martha V. Bittel, Mrs. Frank J. Bixby, Edward Randall Blackburn, Oliver A. Blair, Mrs. M. Barbour Blair, W. McCormick Blair, Wolcott Blatchford, Carter Blatchford, Dr. Frank Wicks Blayney, Thomas C. Blecker, Mrs. Michael, Jr. Blessing, Dr. Robert Block, Joseph L. Block, Leigh B. Block, Mrs. Leigh B. Block, Philip D., Jr. Bloom, Mrs. Leopold Bloss, Mrs. Sidney M. Bluford, Mrs. David Blum, Harry H. Blunt, J. E., Jr. Bluthardt, Edwin Boal, Ayres Boal, Stewart Boericke, Mrs. Anna 106 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Boettcher, Arthur H. Bohasseck, Charles Bohrer, Randolph Bolotin, Hvman Bolten, Paul H. Bondy, Berthold Boomer, Dr. Paul C. Boone, Arthur Booth, Alfred V. Booth, George E. Borg, George W. Bori, Mrs. Albert V. Borland, Mrs. Bruce Borowitz, David Borwell, Robert C. Bosch, Charles Bosch, Mrs. Henry Bosworth, Mrs. Roland I. Botts, Graeme G. Boulton, Mrs. Rudyerd Bousa, Dr. Bohuslav Bowen, Mrs. Louise DeKoven Bowers, Ralph E. Bowman, Johnston A. Boyack, Harry Boyd, Mrs. T. Kenneth Boyden, Miss Ellen Webb Boyden, Miss Rosalie Sturges Boynton, A. J. Boynton, Frederick P. Brach, Mrs. F. V. Bradley, Mrs. A. Ballard Bradley, Charles E. Bradley, Mrs. Natalie Blair Higinbotham Brainerd, Mrs. Arthur T. Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brand, Mrs. Maude G. Brandt, Charles H. Bransfield, John J. Brauer, Mrs. Paul Breckinridge, Professor S. P. Bremner, Mrs. David F. Brendecke, Miss June Brenner, S. L. Brennom, Dr. Elmo F. Brennwasser, S. M. Brenza, Miss Mary Brewer, Mrs. Angeline L. Breyer, Mrs. Theodor Bridges, Arnold Briggs, Mrs. Gertrude Bristol, James T. Brock, A. J. Brodribb, Lawrence C. Brodsky, J. J. Brostoff, Harry M. Brown, A. Wilder Brown, Mrs. C. H. Brown, Christy Brown, Mrs. Everett C. Brown, John T. Brown, Dr. Joshua M. Brown, Mark A. Brown, Scott Brown, William F. Brucker, Dr. Edward A. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Bruhn, H. C. Brundage, Avery Brunswick, Larry Bryant, John J., Jr. Buchner, Dr. E. M. Buck, Guy R. Buck, Nelson Leroy Buckley, Mrs. Warren Bucklin, Mrs. Vail R. Buddig, Carl Buehler, Mrs. Carl Buehler, H. L. Buettner, Walter J. BufRngton, Mrs. Margaret A. Buhmann, Gilbert G. Bunge, Mrs. Albert J. Bunte, Mrs. Theodore W. Burbott, E. W. Burch, Clayton B. Burchmore, John S. Burdick, Mrs. Alfred S. Burgmeier, John M. Burgstreser, Newton Burgweger, Mrs. Meta Dewes Burke, Mrs. Lawrence N. Burke, Webster H. Burley, Mrs. Clarence A. Burns, Mrs. Randall W. Burry, William Bush, Mrs. William H. Butler, Burridge D. Butler, Mrs. Hermon B. Butler, John M. Butler, Paul Butz, Herbert R. Butz, Theodore C. Butzow, Mrs. Robert C. Byrne, Miss Margaret H. Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, Bertram J. Cahn, Morton D. Caine, John F. Caine, Leon J. Callender, Mrs. Joseph E. Calmeyn, Frank B. Camenisch, Miss Sophia C. Cameron, Dr. Dan U. Cameron, Will J. Camp, Mrs. Arthur Royce Campbell, Delwin M. Campbell, Herbert J. Canby, Caleb H., Jr. Canman, Richard W. Capes, Lawrence R. Capps, Dr. Joseph A. Cardelli, Mrs. Giovanni Carlin, Leo J. Carmell, Daniel D. Carney, William Roy Caron, O. J. Carpenter, Mrs. Frederic Ives Carpenter, Mrs.GeorgeA. Carpenter, George Sturges Carpenter, Hubbard Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carroll, John A. Carry, Joseph C. Carter, Mrs. Armistead B . Carton, Alfred T. Cary, Dr. Eugene Cassels, Edwin H. Castle, Alfred C. Castruccio, Giuseppe Gates, Dudley Cederlund, R. Stanley Cerling, Fredolph A. Cernoch, Frank Chandler, Henry P. Chapin, William Arthur Chapman, Arthur E. Chatain, Robert N. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Chenier, Miss Mizpah Cherones, George D. Cherry, Walter L., Jr. Childs, Mrs. C. Frederick Childs, Mrs. George W. Chinlund, Miss Ruth E. Chinnock, Mrs. Ronald J. Chislett, Miss Kate E. Christensen, E. C. Christiansen, Dr. Henry Chritton, George A. Churan, Charles A. Clare, Carl P. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clark, Miss Alice Keep Clark, Charles V. Clark, Mrs. Edward S. Clark, Edwin H. Clark, Willard F. Clarke, Charles F. 107 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Clarke, Harley L. Clay, John Clemen, Dr. Rudolph A. Cleveland, Paul W. Clifford, Fred J., Jr. Clinch, Duncan L. Clithero, W. S. Clonick, Abraham J. Clonick, Sevmour E. Clough, William H. Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Clow, William E., Jr. Coath, V. W. Cochran, John L. Coffin, Fred Y. Cohen, George B. Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis Colburn, Frederick S. Colby, Mrs. George E. Coldren, Clifton C. Cole, Sidney I. Coleman, Clarence L., Jr. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Loring W. Coleman, Marvin H. Colianni, Paul V. Collins, Beryl B. Collison, E. K. Colvin, Miss Catharine Colvin, Miss Jessie Colvin, Mrs. William H. Colwell, Clyde C. Compton, Mrs. Arthur H. Compton, D. M. Compton, Frank E. Condon, Mrs. James G. Conger, Miss Cornelia Conkev, Henry P. Conneil, P. G. Conners, Harry Connor, Mrs. Clara A. Connor, Frank H. Cook, Miss Alice B. Cook, Mrs. David S. Cook, Jonathan Miller Cook, L. Charles Cook, Louis T. Cook, Thomas H. Cooke, Charles E. Cooke, Miss Flora Cooley, Gordon A. Coolidge, Miss Alice Coolidge, E. Channing Coolidge, Dr. Edgar D. Coombs, James F. Coonley, John Stuart Coonley, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Copland, David Corbett, Mrs. William J. Cornell, Dr. Edward L. Cornell, Mrs. John E, Cosford, Thomas H. Coston, James E. Cowan, Mrs. Grace L. Cowles, Knight C. Cox, James C. Cox, William D. Coyle, C. H. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Crane, Charles R., II Creange, A. L. Crego, Mrs. Dominica S. Crilly, Edgar Cromer, Clarence E. Cromwell, Miss Juliette Clara Cubbins, Dr. William R. Cudahy, Edward I. Cummings, Mrs.D. Mark Cummings, Mrs Frances S. Cuneo, John F. Curran, Harry R. Curtis, Austin Guthrie, Jr. Curtis, Mrs. Charles S. Cusack, Harold Cushman, Barney Cutler, Henry E. Cuttle, Harold E. Daemicke, Mrs. Irwin Paul Dahlberg, Bror G. Daily, Richard Daley, Harry C. Dalmar, Mrs. Hugo Dalmar, Hugo, Jr. Dammann, J. F. Danforth, Dr. William C. Dangel, W. H. Danielson, Philip A. Danne, William C, Jr. Dantzig, Leonard P. D'Aquila, George Darbo, Howard H. Darrow, Paul E. Dashiell, C. R. Daughaday, C. Colton Davey, Mrs. Bruce E. David, Dr. Vernon C. Davidonis, Dr. Alexander L. Davidson, David W. Davidson, Miss Mary E. Davies, Marshall Davis, Arthur Davis, C. S. Davis, Dr. Carl B. Davis, Don L. Davis, Frank S. Davis, Dr. Loyal Davis, Dr. Nathan S., Ill Deahl, Uriah S. Deane, Mrs. Ruthven Decker, Charles O. DeCosta, Lewis M. deDardel, Carl 0. Dee, Thomas J. Degen, David DeGolyer, Robert S. deKoven, Mrs. John DeLemon, H. R. Delph, Dr. John F. Demaree, H. S. Deming, Everett G. Dempster, Mrs. Charles W. Deneen, Mrs. Charles S. Denison, Mrs. John Porter Denkewalter, W. E. Denman, Mrs. Burt J. Dennehy, Thomas C, Jr. Denney, Ellis H. Deslsles, Mrs. Carrie L. Deutsch, Mrs. Percy L. DeVries, David DeVries, Peter Dick, Edison Dick, Elmer J. Dick, Mrs. Homer T. Dickey, Roy Dickinson, F. R. Dickinson, Robert B. Dickinson, Mrs. Thompson Diehl, Harry L. Diestel, Mrs. Herman Dimick, Miss Elizabeth Dimmer, Miss Elizabeth G. Dixon, George W., Jr. Dixon, Mrs. William Warren Doctor, Isidor Dodge, Mrs. Paul C. Doering, Otto C. Doetsch, Miss Anna Dole, Arthur Dolese, Mrs. John Donker, Mrs. William Donlon, Mrs. Stephen E. Donnelley, Gaylord Donnelley, Mrs. H. P. Donnelley, Miss Naomi Donohue, Edgar T. Donohue, William F. Dornbusch, Charles H. Dorocke, Joseph, Jr. Dorschel, Q. P. Douglas, James H., Jr. Douglass, Kingman 108 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Douglass, Mrs. W. A. Dreutzer, Carl Drever, Thomas Dreyfus, Mrs. Moise Drvden, Mrs. George B. Dubbs, C. P. DuBois, Laurence M. Dudley, Laurence H. Dulany, George W., Jr. Dulsky, Mrs. Samuel Dunbaugh, Harry J. Duncan, Albert G. Duner, Joseph A. Dunham, Robert J. Dunlop, Mrs. Simpson Dunn, Samuel O. Dupee, Mrs. F. Kennett Durand, Mrs. N. E. Durbin, Fletcher M. Easterberg, C. J. Eastman, Mrs. George H. Eaton, J. Frank Ebeling, Frederic 0. Eckhart, Percy B. Eckstein, Mrs. Louis Eddy, Thomas H. Edwards, Miss Edith E. Edwards, Kenneth P. Egan, William B. Egloff, Dr. Gustav Eichengreen, Edmund K. Eiseman, Fred R. Eisendrath, Edwin W. Eisendrath, Miss Elsa B. Eisendrath, Robert M. Eisendrath, William B. Eisenschiml, Mrs. Otto Eisenstaedt, Harry Eisenstein, Sol Eitel, Karl Eitel, Max Elcock, Mrs. Edward G. Elenbogen, Herman Elich, Robert William Ellbogen, Miss Celia Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. Elliott, Frank R. Ellis, Howard Elting, Howard Embree, Henry S. Embree, J. W., Jr. Emery, Edward W. Emmerich, Miss Clara L. Engberg, Miss Ruth M. Engel, E. J. Engel, Miss Henrietta Engstrom, Harold Erdmann, Mrs. C. Pardee Erickson, Donovan Y. Ericson, Mrs. Chester F. Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson, Dewey A. Ericsson, Henry Ericsson, Walter H. Ernst, Mrs. Leo Erskine, Albert DeWolf Etten, Henry C. Evans, Miss Anna B. Evans, Mrs. David Evans, David J. Evans, Eliot H. Evans, Evan A. Fabian, Francis G. Fabrice, Edward H. Fabry, Herman Fackt, Mrs. George P. Fader, A. L. Faget, James E. Faherty, Roger Faithorn, Walter E. Falk, Miss Amy Fallon, Dr. W. Raymond Falls, Dr. A. G. Farnham, Mrs. Harry J. Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Faulkner, Charles J., Jr. Faulkner, Miss Elizabeth Faurot, Henry Faurot, Henry, Jr. Fecke, Mrs. Frank J. Feiwell, Morris E. Felix, Benjamin B. Fellows, William K. Felsenthal, Edward George Feltman, Charles H. Fennekohl, Mrs. Arthur C. Fergus, Robert C. Fernald, Robert W. Ferry, Mrs. Frank F. Fetzer, Wade Filkins, A. J. Findlay, Mrs. Roderick Fineman, Oscar Finley, Max H. Finnegan, Richard J. Finnerud, Dr. Clark W. Fischel, Frederic A. Fish, Mrs. Helen S. Fishbein, Dr. Morris Fisher, Mrs. Edward Metcalf Fisher, Harry M. Fisk, Mrs. Burnham M. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. John A. Flavin, Edwin F. Fleming, Mrs. Joseph B. Flood, Walter H. Florsheim, Harold M. Florsheim, Irving S. Florsheim, Mrs. Milton S. Folonie, Mrs. Robert J. Folsom, Mrs. Richard S. Folsom, Mrs. William R. Foote, Mrs. Harley T. Forch, Mrs. John L., Jr. Ford, Mrs. Willis Roland Foreman, Mrs. Alfred K. Foreman, Mrs. E. G. Foreman, Edwin G., Jr. Foreman, Harold E. Forgan, James B., Jr. Forgan, Mrs. J. Russell Forgan, Robert D. Forman, Charles Forstall, James J. Forster, J. George Fortune, Miss Joanna Foster, Mrs. Charles K. Foster, Volney Foute, Albert J. Fox, Charles E. Fox, Jacob Logan Fox, Dr. Paul C. Frank, Arthur A. Frank, Mrs. Joseph K. Frankenstein, William B. Frankenthal, Dr. Lester E., Jr. Frazer, Mrs. George E. Freedman, Dr. I. Val Freeman, Charles Y. Freiler, Abraham J. French, Dudley K. Frenier, A. B. Freudenthal, G. S. Frey, Charles Daniel Freyn, Henry J. Fridstein, Meyer Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Friend, Mrs. Henry K. Friestfcit, Arthur A. Fro"*- Mrs. Chp.r'?s S inner Fuller, Mrs. Gretta Patterson Fuller, J. E. Fuller, Judson M. Furry, William S. Gabathuler, Miss Juanita Gabriel, Adam Gaertner, William Gall, Charles H. Gall, Harry T. Gallagher, Mrs. John J. Gallup, Rockwell L. Gait, Mrs. A. T. Gamble, D. E. Garcia, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. 109 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Gardiner, Mrs. John L. Gardner, Addison L. Gardner, Addison L., Jr. Gardner, Henry A. Gardner, Mrs. James P. Garen, Joseph F. Garnett, Joseph B. Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gates, Mrs. L. F. Gawne, Miss Clara V. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gaylord, Duane W. Gear, H. B. Gehl, Dr. W. H. Gehrmann, Felix Geiger, Alfred B. GeiHng, Dr. E. M. K. Gellert, Donald N. Gentry, Veit Gentz, Miss Margaret Nina George, Mrs. Albert B. Gerber, Max Gerding, R. W. Gerngross, Mrs. Leo Gettelman, Mrs. Sidney H. Gettleman, Frank E. Getz, Mrs. James R. GetzoflF, E. B. Gibbs, Richard F. Gibbs, Dr. William W. Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gidwitz, Alan K. Giflfey, Miss Hertha GifTord, Mrs. Frederick C. Gilbert, Miss Clara C. Gilchrist, Mrs. John F. Gilchrist, Mrs. William Albert Giles, Carl C. Giles, Mrs. Guy H. Gillette, Mrs. Ellen D. Gimbel, J. W., Jr. Ginther, Miss Minnie C. Girard, Mrs. Anna Glaescher, Mrs. G. W. Glasner, Rudolph W. Godehn, Paul M. Goedke, Charles F. Goehst, Mrs. John Henry Goes, Mrs. Arthur A. Golden, Dr. Isaac J. K. Goldenberg, Sidney D. Goldfine,Dr.AscherH.C. Golding, Robert N. Goldman, Mrs. Louis Goldsmith, Mitchel Goldstein, Dr. Helen L. Button Goldstein, Nathan S. Goldstine, Dr. Mark T. Goldy, Walter I. Goltra, Mrs. William B. Goode, Mrs. Rowland T. Gooden, G. E. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, Mrs. Milton F. Goodman, W. J. Goodman, William E. Goodwin, Clarence Norton Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Miss Bertha F. Gordon, Harold J. Gordon, Dr. Richard J. Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorrell, Mrs. Warren Gottlieb, Frederick M. Gould, Jay Grade, Joseph Y. Cradle, Dr. Harry S. Graf, Robert J. Graff, Oscar C. Graham, Douglas Graham, E. V. Graham, Miss Margaret H. Gramm, Mrs. Helen Granger, Mrs. Everett J. Grant, James D. Grant, John G. Graves, Howard B. Grawoig, Allen Gray, Dr. Earle Gray, Edward Green, Michael Green, Robert D. Greenacre, Miss Cordelia Ann Greenburg, Dr. Ira E. Greene, Henry E. Greenebaum, M. E., Jr. Greenlee, Mrs. William Brooks Greenman, Mrs. Earl C. Gregory, Mrs. Robert B. Gregory, Stephen S., Jr. Gregory, Tappan Gressens, Otto Grey, Charles F. Grey, Dr. Dorothy Griest, Mrs. Marianna L. Griffenhagen, Mrs. Edwin O. Griffith, Mrs. Carroll L. Griffith, Mrs. William Griffiths, George W. Griswold, Harold T. Grizzard, James A. Groak, Irwin D. Gronkowski, Rev. C.I. Groot, Cornelius J. Groot, Lawrence A. Gross, Henry R. Grossman, Frank I. Grotenhuis, Mrs. William J. Grotowski, Mrs. Leon Gruhn, Alvah V. Grulee, Lowry K. Grunow, Mrs. William C. Guenzel, Louis Guest, Ward E. Gunthorp, Walter J. Gurley, Miss Helen K. Gurman, Samuel P. Guthman, Edwin I. Gwinn, William R. Haas, Maurice Hadley, Mrs. Edwin M. Haffner, Mrs. Charles C, Jr. Hagen, Mrs. Daise Hagens, Dr. Garrett J. Hagner, Fred L. Haight, George I. Hair, T. R. Hajicek, Rudolph F. Haldeman, Walter S. Hale, Mrs. Samuel Hales, William M. Hall, Edward B. Hall, Mrs. J. B. Kallmann, Herman F. Halperin, Aaron Hamill, Mrs. Ernest A. Hamm, Fred B. Hammerschmidt, Mrs. George F. Hammond, Thomas S. Hand, George W. Hanley, Henry L. Hann, J. Roberts Hansen, Mrs. Carl Hansen, Jacob W. Hanson, Mrs. Norman R. Harder, John H. Harders, Mrs. Flora Rassweiler Hardie, George F. Hardin, John H. Harding, John Cowden Harding, Richard T. Harms, Van Deursen Harper, Alfred C. Harrington, David L. Harris, Mrs. Abraham Harris, David J. Harris, Gordon L. Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Stanley G. Hart, Mrs. Herbert L. Hart, Max A. 110 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Hart, William M. Hartmann, A. O. Hartshorn, Kenneth L. Hartwig, Otto J. Hartz, W. Homer Harvey, Byron, III Harvey, Richard M. Harwood, Thomas W. Haskell, Mrs. George E. Haskins, Raymond G. Hass, G. C. Hay, Mrs. William Sherman Hayakawa, Dr. S. I. Hayes, Charles M. Hayes, Harold C. Hayes, Miss Mary E. Haynie, Miss Rachel W. Hays, Mrs. Arthur A. Hayslett, Arthur J. Hazlett, Dr. William H. Hazlett, Mrs. William H. Healy, Vincent Jerrems Heaney, Dr. N. Sproat Hearst, Mrs. Jack W. Heaton, Harry E. Heaton, Herman C. Heck, John Hedberg, Henry E. Heffernan, Miss Lily Heide, Mrs. Bernard H. Heiman, Marcus Heine, Mrs. Albert Heinzelman, Karl Heinzen, Mrs. Carl Heisler, Francis Hejna, Joseph F. Heldmaier, Miss Marie Helfrich, J. Howard Heller, Albert Heller, John A. Heller, Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Hemple, Miss Anne C. Henderson, Thomas B. G. Henkel, Frederick W. Henley, Dr. Eugene H. Hennings, Mrs. Abraham J. Henry, Huntington B. Henschel, Edmund C. Herrick, Charles E. Herron, James C. Herron, Mrs. Ollie L. Hershey, J. Clarence Hertz, Mrs. Fred Hertzberg, Lawrence Herwig, George Herwig, William D., Jr. Herz, Mrs. Alfred Heverly, Earl L. Hibbard, Mrs. Angus S. Hibbard, Mrs. W. G. Higgins, John Higinbotham, Harlow D. Higley, Mrs. Charles W. Hildebrand, Dr. Eugene, Jr. Hildebrand, Grant M. Hill, Mrs. Russell D. Hill, William C. Hill, William E. Hille, Dr. Hermann Hillebrecht, Herbert E. Hills, Edward R. Himrod, Mrs. Frank W. Hind, Mrs. John Dwight Hinkle, Ross O. Hinman, Mrs. Estelle S. Hinrichs, Henry, Jr. Hinsberg, Stanley K. Hirsch, Jacob H. Histed, J. Roland Hixon, Mrs. Frank P. Hodgkinson, Mrs. W. R. Hodgson, Mrs. G. C. Hoffmann, Edward Hempstead Hogan, Robert E. Hokin, Mrs. Barney E. Holabird, W. S., Jr. Holden, Edward A. Holland, Dr. William E. Hollander, Mrs. Samuel Holliday, W. J. Hollingsworth, R. G. Hollis, Henry L. Hollister, Francis H. Holmburger, Max Holmes, George J. Holmes, Miss Harriet F. Holmes, J. A. Holmes, Mrs. Maud G. Holmes, William Holmes, William N. Holt, Miss Ellen Holt, McPherson Holub, Anthony S. Holzheimer, Carl Homan, Miss Blossom L. Honsik, Mrs. James M. Hoover, Mrs. Fred W. Hoover, H. Earl Hoover, Ray P. Hope, Alfred S. Hopkins, Albert L. Hopkins, Mrs. James M. Hopkins, Mrs. James M., Jr. Horcher, William W. Home, Mrs. William Dodge, Jr. Horner, Mrs. Maurice L., Jr. Hornung, Joseph J. Horst, Curt A. Horton, Hiram T. Horton, Horace B. Horween, Arnold Hosbein, Louis H. Hottinger, Adolph Hovland, Mrs. John P. Howard, Willis G. Howe, Charles Albee Howe, Clinton W. Howe, Mrs. Pierce Lyman Howe, Ralph B. Howe, Warren D. Howe, William G. Howell, Albert S. Howes, Mrs. Frank W. Howie, Mrs. James E. Howse, Richard G. Hoyne, Miss Susan D. Hoyt, Mrs. Phelps B. Hraback, L. W. Hubbard, George W. Huber, Dr. Harry Lee Hudson, Miss Katherine J. Hudson, Walter L. Huey, Mrs. A. S. Hufty, Mrs. F. P. Huggins, Dr. Ben H. Hughes, John E. Hughes, John W. Hume, James P. Hume, John T. Humphrey, H. K. Huncke, Herbert S. Huncke, Oswald W. Hunding, B. N. Hurd, Ferris E. Hurley, Edward N., Jr. Hurvitz, H. R. Huska, Mrs. Joseph Hust, George Huston, Ward T. Huszagh, Ralph D. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. Hyatt, R. C. Ickes, Raymond Idelman, Bernard Ilg, Robert A. Illich, George M., Jr. Ingalls, Allin K. Inlander, Samuel Irons, Dr. Ernest E. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Isham, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E. Ill ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Jackson, Allan Jackson, Archer L. Jackson, Mrs. Arthur S. Jackson, Miss Laura E. Jackson, Mrs. W. A. Jacobi, Miss Emily C. Jacobs, Hyman A. Jacobs, Julius Jacobs, Whipple Jacobson, Raphael James, Walter C. Jameson, Clarence W. Jancosek, Thomas A. Janson, Dr. C. Helge M. Janusch, Fred W. Jarchow, Mrs. C. E. Jarchow, Charles C. Jarrow, Harry W. Jeffreys, Mrs. Mary M. Jeffries, Dr. Daniel W. Jeffries, F. L. Jenkins, David F. D. Jenkins, Mrs. John E. Jenkinson, Mrs. Arthur Gilbert Jennings, Ode D. Jennings, Mrs. Rosa V. Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David Jirka, Dr. Frank J. Jirka, Dr. Robert H. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, Dr. Adelaide Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Arthur L. Johnson, Mrs. Harley Alden Johnson, Joseph M. Johnson, Nels E. Johnson, Mrs. O. W. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnson, Philip C. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Miss Fannie S. Johnston, Mrs. Hubert McBean Johnston, Mrs. M. L. Jones, Albert G. Jones, Mrs. C. A. Jones, James B. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Melvin Jones, Miss Susan E. Joseph, Mrs. Jacob G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Joyce, Joseph Judson, Clay Juergens, H. Paul Julien, Victor R. Junckunc, Stephen Kaercher, A. W. Kahn, J. Kesner Kahn, Jerome J. Kahn, Louis Kaine, James B. Kamins, Dr. Maclyn M. Kane, Jerome M. Kanter, Jerome J. Kaplan, Morris L Kaplan, Nathan D. Karcher, Mrs. Leonard D. Karpen, Michael Kasch, Frederick M. Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Katz, Solomon Katzenstein, Mrs. George P. Katzin, Frank Kauffman, Mrs. R. K. Kauffmann, Alfred Kaufmann, Dr. Gustav L. Kavanagh, Clarence H. Kay, Mrs. Marie E. Keefe, Mrs. George I. Keeney, Albert F. Kehl, Robert Joseph Keith, Stanley Keith, Mrs. Stanley Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kellogg, John L. Kelly, Mrs. Haven Core Kelly, Miss Katherine Marjorie Kelly, William J. Kemper, Hathaway G. Kemper, Miss Hilda M. Kempner, Harry B. Kempner, Stan Kendall, Mrs. Virginia H. Kendrick, John F. Kennedy, Mrs. E. J. Kennedy, Lesley Kennelly, Martin H. Kenney, Clarence B. Kent, Dr. O. B. Keogh, Gordon E. Kern, Mrs. August Kern, H. A. Kern, Trude Kerwin, Edward M. Kesner, Jacob L. Kestnbaum, Meyer Kettering, Mrs. Eugene W. Kiessling, Mrs. Charles S. Kile, Miss Jessie J. Kimball, William W. Kimbark, John R. King, Clinton B. King, Joseph H. Kingman, Mrs. Arthur G. Kinsey, Robert S. Kintzel, Richard Kirkland, Mrs. Weymouth Kitchell, Howell W. Kittredge, R. J. Kitzelman, Otto Klee, Mrs. Nathan Klein, Henry A. Klein, Mrs. Samuel Kleinpell, Dr. Henry H. Kleist, Mrs. Harry Kleppinger, William H. Kleutgen, Dr. Arthur C. Klinetop,Mrs.CharlesW. Knickerbocker, Miss Paula Knopf, Andrew J. Knott, Mrs. Stephen R. Knox, Harry S. Knutson, George H. Koch, Mrs. Fred J. Koch, Raymond J. Kochs, August Kochs, Mrs. Robert T. Kohl, Mrs. Caroline L. Kohler, Eric L. Kohlsaat, Edward C. Komiss, David S. Konsberg, Alvin V. Kopf, Miss Isabel Koppenaal, Dr. Eliza- beth Thompson Kosobud, William F. Kotal, John A. Kotin, George N. Koucky, Dr. J. D. Kovac, Stefan Kraber, Mrs. Fredericka Kraft, C. H. Kraft, James L. Kraft, John H. Kraft, Norman Kralovec, Emil G. Kralovec, Mrs. Otto J. Kramer, Leroy Kraus, Peter J. Kraus, Samuel B. Kreidler, D. C. Kresl, Carl Kretschmer, Dr. Herman L. Kretschmer, Herman L., Jr. Kropff, C. G. Krost, Dr. Gerard N. Krutckoff, Charles Kuehn, A. L. Kuh, Mrs. Edwin J., Jr. Kuhl, Harrv J. Kuhn, Fred^erick T. Kuhn, Dr. Hedwig S. 112 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Kunka, Bernard J. Kunstadter, Albert Kunstadter, Sigmund W. Kurfess, John Fredric Kurtz, W. O. Kurtzon, Morris Lacey, Miss Edith M. LaCiiance, Mrs. Leander H. Laflin, Mrs. Louis E. Laflin, Louis E., Jr. Lambert, C. A. Lamport, Wilson W. Lanahan, Mrs. M. J. Landry, Alvar A. Lane, F. Howard Lane, Ray E. Lang, Edward J. Lange, Mrs. August Langenbach,Mrs.AliceR. Langford, Mrs. Robert E. Langhorne, George Tayloe Langworthy, Benjamin Franklin Lanman, E. B. Lansinger, Mrs. John M. Larimer, Howard S. Larsen, Samuel A. Larson, Mrs. Sarah Lashley, Mrs. Karl S. Lasker, Albert D. Lassers, Sanford B. Lau, Max Lauren, Newton B. Lauter, Mrs. Vera Lautmann, Herbert M. Lavezzorio, Mrs. J. B. Lavidge, Arthur W. Law, Mrs. Robert O. Lawless, Dr. Theodore K. Lawson, David A. Lax, John Franklin Layden, Michael J. Laylander, O. J. Lazar, Maurice Lazear, George C. Leahy, James F. Leahy, Thomas F. Leavell, James R. Leavens, Theodore LeBaron, Miss Edna Lebold, Foreman N. Lebold, Samuel N. Lebolt, John Michael Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lee, David Arthur Lee, Mrs. John H. S. Lefens, Miss Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. Leichenko, Peter M. Leight, Mrs. Albert E, Leland, Miss Alice J. Leland, Mrs. Roscoe G. LeMoon, A. R. Lennon, George W. Lenz, J. Mayo Leonard, Arthur G. Leonard, Arthur T. Leslie, Dr. Eleanor L Leslie, John Woodworth LeTourneau, Mrs. Robert Letts, Mrs. Frank C. Leverone, Louis E. Levinson, Mrs. Salmon O. Levis, Mrs. Albert Cotter Levitan, Benjamin Levitetz, Nathan Levy, Alexander M. Levy, Arthur G. Lewis, Mrs. Ellis R. Lewy, Dr. Alfred L'Hommedieu, Arthur Liebman, A. J. Ligman, Rev. Thaddeus Lillie, Frank R. Lindahl, Mrs. Edward J. Linden, John A. Lindheimer, B. F. Lingle, Bowman C. Lipman, Robert R. Liss, Samuel Little, Mrs. E. H. Littler, Harry E., Jr. Livingston, Julian M. Livingston, Mrs. Milton L. Llewellyn, Paul Lobdell, Mrs. Edwin L. Lochman, Philip Lockwood, W. S. Loeb, Mrs. A. H. Loeb, Hamilton M. Loeb, Leo A. Loewenberg, Lsrael S. Loewenberg, M. L. Loewenherz, Emanuel Loewenstein, Sidney Loewenthal, Richard J. Logan, L. B. Long, William E. Lord, Arthur R. Lord, John S. Lord, Mrs. Russell Loucks, Charles O. Louer, Albert E. M. Louis, Mrs. John J. Love, Chase W. Lovell, William H. Lovgren, Carl Lucey, Patrick J. Ludington, Nelson J. Ludolph, Wilbur M. Lupder, Arthur C. Luria, Herbert A. Lurie, H. J. Lusk, R. R. Lustgarten, Samuel Lyford, Harry B. Lynch, William Joseph Lyon, Charles H. Maass, J. Edward MacDonald, E. K. Macfarland, Mrs. Henry J. MacKenzie, William J. Mackey, Frank J. Mackinson, Dr. John C. MacLeish, Mrs. Andrew MacLellan, K. F. MacMullen, Dr. Delia M. MacMurray, Mrs. Donald Madlener, Mrs. Albert F., Jr. Madlener, Otto Magan, Miss Jane A. Magerstadt, Madeline Magill, John R. Magnus, Albert, Jr. Magnuson, Mrs. Paul Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Majors, Mrs. B. S. Maling, Albert Malone, William H. Manaster, Harry Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Miss Florence Mandel, Mrs. Robert Manegold, Mrs. Frank W. Manierre, Francis E. Manierre, Louis Manley, John A. Mann, Albert C. Mann, John P. Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Marks, Arnold K. Marquart, Arthur A. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, John McWilHams, II Marsh, Mrs. John P. Marsh, Mrs. Marshall S. Marston, Mrs. Thomas B. Martin, Mrs. George B. Martin, George F. Martin, Samuel H. Martin, W. B. Martin, Wells Martin, Mrs. William P. 113 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Marwick, Maurice Marx, Frederick Z. Marzluff, Frank W. Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Willard J. Massee, B. A. Massena, Roy Massey, Peter J. Masterson, Peter Mathesius, Mrs. Walther Matson, J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Maurer, Dr. Siegfried Maxant, Basil Maxwell, Lloyd R. Mayer, Frank D. Mayer, Mrs. Herbert G. Mayer, Herman J., Jr. Mayer, Isaac H. Mayer, Oscar F. Mayer, Oscar G. Mayer, Theodore S. McAloon, Owen J. McArthur, Billings M. McBirney, Mrs. Hugh J. McCahey, James B. McCarthy, Edmond J. McCarthy, Joseph W. McCausland, Mrs. Clara L McCloud, Walter S. McClun, John M. McCord, Downer McCormack, Professor Harry McCormick, Mrs. Chauncey McCormick, Fowler McCormick, Howard H. McCormick, Leander J. McCormick, Robert H., Jr. McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCreight, Louis Ralph McDonald, E. F., Jr. McDonald, Lewis McDougal.Mrs. JamesB. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McDougall, Mrs. Arthur R. McErlean, Charles V. McGraw, Max McGuinn, Edward B. McGurn, Mathew S. Mcintosh, Arthur T. Mcintosh, Mrs. Walter G. McKenna, Dr. Charles H. McKinney, Mrs. Hayes McMenemy, Logan T. McMillan, James G. McMillan, John McMillan, W. B. McMillan, William M. McNamara, Louis G. McNamee, Peter F. McNulty, Joseph D. McQuarrie, Mrs. Fannie McVoy, John M. Mead, Dr. Henry C. A. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Melcher, George Clinch Melendy, Dr. R. A. Melnick, Leopold B. Merrell, John H. Merriam, Miss Eleanor Merrill, William W. Metz, Dr. A. R. Metz, Mrs. Robert Meyer, Mrs. A. H. Meyer, Abraham W. Meyer, Dr. Charles A. Meyer, Charles Z. Meyers, Erwin A. Meyers, Jonas Michaels, Everett B. Michel, Dr. William J. Midowicz, C. E. Mielenz, Robert K. Milburn, Miss Anne L. Milhening, Frank Miller, Miss Bertie E. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Donald J. Miller, Mrs. F. H. Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Miller, Mrs. Olive Beaupre Miller, Oscar C. Miller, Mrs. Phillip Miller, R. T. Mills, Allen G. Miner, Dr. Carl S. Minturn, Benjamin E. Mitchell, George F. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Oliver Mix, Dr. B. J. Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar Moderwell, Charles M. MoeHng, Mrs. Walter G. Moeller, George Moeller, Rev. Herman H. Moist, Mrs. Samuel E. Mojonnier, Timothy Mollan, Mrs. Feme T. Molloy, David J. Monheimer, Henry I. Monroe, William S. Montgomery, Dr. Albert H. Moore, C. B. Moore, Paul Moore, Philip Wyatt Moran, Miss Margaret Morey, Charles W. Morf, F. William Morgan, Alden K. Morris, Mrs. Seymour Morrison, Mrs. C. R. Morrison, Mrs. Harry Morrison, James C. Morrison, Matthew A. Morrisson, James W. Morse, Mrs. Charles J. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton Morse, Robert H. Morton, Sterling Morton, William Morris Moses, Howard A. Moss, Jerome A. Mouat, Andrew J. Mowry, Louis C. Moxon, Dr. George W. Moyer, Mrs. Paul S. Mudge, Mrs. John B. Muehlstein, Mrs. Charles Mueller, Austin M. Mueller, Miss Hedwig H. Mueller, J. Herbert Mueller, Paul H. Mulford, Miss MeHnda Jane Mulhern, Edward F. Mulholand, William H. Mulligan, George F. Munroe, Moray Murphy, Mrs. Helen C. Murphy, Joseph D. Murphy, Robert E. Musselman, Dr. George H. Muszynski, John J. Myrland, Arthur L. Naber, Henry G. Nadler, Dr. Walter H. Naess, Sigurd E. Nahigian, Sarkis H. Nance, Willis D. Nast, Mrs. A. D. Nathan, Claude Naumann, Miss Susan Nebel, Herman C. Neely, Mrs. Lloyd F. Nehls, Arthur L. Nellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Donald M. Nelson, N. J. Nelson, Victor W. 114 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Netcher, Mrs. Charles Neu, Clarence L. Neuffer, Paul A. Neuman, Sidney Neumann, Arthur E. Newhall, R. Frank Newhouse, Karl H. Newman, Mrs. Albert A. Newman, Charles H. Nichols, Mrs. George R., Jr. Nichols, J. C. Nichols, S. F. Nilsson, Mrs. Goodwin M. Nishkian, Mrs. Vaughn G. Nitze, Mrs. William A. Noble, Samuel R. Nollau, Miss Emma Noonan, Edward J. Norcott, Mrs. Ernest J. Norman, Harold W. Norris, Mrs. Lester Norton, R. H. Novak, Charles J. Noyes, A. H. Noyes, Allan S. Noyes, Mrs. May Wells Nufer, Eugene Nusbaum, Mrs. Hermien D. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert Gates, James F. Oberf elder, Herbert M. Oberfelder, Walter S. Obermaier, John A. O'Brien, Miss Janet O'Connell, Edmund Daniel Odell, William R. Odell, William R., Jr. Off, Mrs. Clifford OfReld, James R. Oglesbee, Nathan H. O'Keefe, Mrs. Dennis D. O'Keeffe, William F. Olcott, Mrs. Henry C. Oldberg, Dr. Eric Oldefest, Edward G. Oleson, Wrisley B. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Olsen, Miss Agnes J. Olsen, Mrs. Arthur O. Olson, Gustaf Olson, Rudolph J. O'Neil, Dr. Owen Onofrio, Mrs. Michael J. Ooms, Casper William Oppenheimer, Alfred Oppenheimer, Mrs. Harry D. Orndofl", Dr. Benjamin H. O'Rourke, Albert Orr, Mrs. Robert C. Orr, Thomas C. Orthal, A. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osborn, Mrs. Gertrude L. Osborn, Theodore L. Osgood, Mrs. Cornelius Ostrom, Mrs. J. Augustus Otis, J. Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Joseph Edward, Jr. Otis, Ralph C. Otis, Stuart Huntington Owings, Mrs. Nathaniel A. Paasche, Jens A. Packard, Dr. Rollo K. Paepcke, Walter P. Palmer, James L. Palmgren, Mrs. Charles A. Pardee, Harvey Pardridge, Albert J. Pardridge, Mrs. E. W. Park, R. E. Parker, Dr. Gaston C. Parker, Norman S. Parker, Troy L. Parks, C. R. Parmelee, Dr. A. H. Partridge, Lloyd C. Paschen, Mrs. Henry Pashkow, A. D. Patterson, Grier D. Patterson, Mrs. L. B. Patterson, Mrs. Wallace Patzelt, Miss Janet Peabody, Mrs. Francis S. Peabody, Howard B. Peabody, Miss Susan W. Pearl, Allen S. Pearse, Langdon Pearson, F. W. Pearson, George Albert, Jr. Peck, Dr. David B. Peel, Richard H. Peet, Mrs. Belle G. Peirce, Albert E. Pelley, John J. PenDell, Charles W. Percy, Dr. Mortimer Nelson Perkins, A. T. Perkins, Mrs. Herbert F. Perry, Dr. Ethel B. Perry, Mrs. L Newton Peter, William F. Peters, Harry A. Petersen, Jurgen Petersen, Dr. William F. Peterson, Albert Peterson, Alexander B. Peterson, Arthur J. Peterson, Axel A. Peterson, Mrs. Bertha I. Peterson, Mrs. Richard E. Pfaelzer, Miss Elizabeth W. Pflaum, A. J. Pflock, Dr. John J. Phelps, Mrs. W. L. Phemister, Dr. Dallas B. Phillips, Dr. Herbert Morrow Phillips, Mervyn C. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pick, Frederic G. Pierce, J. Norman Pierce, Paul, Jr. Pierson, Joseph B. Pink, Mrs. Ira M. Pirie, Mrs. John T. Pitzner, Alwin Frederick Plapp, Miss Doris A. Piatt, Edward Vilas Piatt, Mrs. Robert S. Plummer, Comer Plunkett, William H. Pobloske, Albert C. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice Hayes Polk, Mrs. Stella F. Pollak, Charles A. Pomeroy, Mrs. Frank W. Pool, Marvin B. Poole, Mrs. Frederick Arthur Poole, Mrs. Ralph H. Poor, Fred A. Pope, Henry Pope, Herbert Poppenhagen, Henry J. Porter, Charles H. Porter, Edward C. Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, Henry H. Porter, Louis Porter, Mrs. Sidney S. Porterfield, Mrs. John F. Portis, Dr. Sidney A. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Pottenger, Miss Zipporah Herrick Poulson, Mrs. Clara L. Powills, Michael A. Pratt, Mrs. William E. 115 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Prentice, John K. Preston, Fred A. Price, John McC. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Harry Prince, Rev. Herbert W. Prince, Leonard M. Pritchard, Richard E. Proxmire, Dr. Theodore Stanley Prussing, Mrs. R. E. Pucci, Lawrence Puckey, F. W. Pulver, Hugo Purcell, Joseph D. Purcey, Victor W. Purdy, Sparrow E. Putnam, Miss Mabel C. Puttkammer, E. W. Pyterek, Rev. Peter H. Quick, Miss Hattiemae Raber, Franklin Racheflf, Ivan Radau, Hugo Radford, Mrs. W. A., Jr. Radniecki, Rev. Stanley Raff, Mrs. Arthur Raftree, Miss Julia M. Railton, Miss Frances Ramis, Leon Lipman Randall, Rev. Edwin J. Randall, Irving Raney, Mrs. R. J. Rankin, Miss Jessie H. Rassweiler, August Ravenscroft, Edward H. Raymond, Mrs. Howard D. Razim, A. J. Reach, Benjamin F. Reach, William Redfield, William M. Redington, F. B. Redmond, Forrest H. Reed, Mrs. Frank D. Reed, Mrs. Lila H. Reed, Norris H. Reed, Mrs. Philip L. Reeve, Mrs. Earl Reffelt, Miss F. A. Regan, Mrs. Robert G. Regenstein, Joseph Regensteiner, Theodore Regnery, William H. Reichmann, Alexander F. Reid, Mrs. Bryan Reingold, J. J. Remy, Mrs. William Renaldi, George J. Renshaw, Mrs. Charles ReQua, Haven A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Harold F. Reynolds, Mrs. J. J. Rice, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Elmer Rich, Harry Richards, Mrs. Bartlett Richards, J. DeForest Richards, Donald Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George A. Richardson, Guy A. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Rickcords, Francis S. Ridgeway, Ernest Riemenschneider, Mrs. Julius H. Rieser, Leonard M. Rietz, Elmer W. Rietz, Walter H. Ripstra, J. Henri Ritchie, Mrs. John Rittenhouse, Charles J. Roberts, Mrs. John Roberts, John M. Roberts, Shepherd M. Roberts, Mrs. Warren R. Roberts, William Munsell Robertson, Hugh Robinson, Theodore W., Jr. Robson, Miss Sarah C. Roche, Miss Emily Roderick, Solomon P. Rodgers, Dr. David C. Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rodman, Mrs. Hugh Roehling, Mrs. Otto G. Roehm, George R. Roesch, Frank P. Rogers, Miss Annie T. Rogers, Mrs. Bernard F. Rogers, Edward S. Rogers, Joseph E. Rogerson, Everett E. Rogovsky, W. P. Rolfes, Gerald A. Roller, Fred S. Rolnick, Dr. Harry C. Romer, Miss Dagmar E. Root, John W. Rosborough, Dr. Paul A. Rosen, M. R. Rosenbaum, Mrs. Edwin S. Rosenfeld, M. J. Rosenfeld, Mrs. Maurice Rosenfield, Mrs. Morris S. Rosenstone, Samuel Rosenthal, Kurt Rosenthal, Lessing Rosenthal, Samuel R. Rosenwald, Mrs. Julius Rosenwald, Richard M. Ross, Robert C. Ross, Mrs. Robert E. Ross, Thompson Ross, Walter S. Roth, Aaron Roth, Mrs. Margit Hochsinger Rothacker, Watterson R. Rothschild, George William Routh, George E., Jr. Rozelle, Mrs. Emma Rubens, Mrs. Charles Rublofif, Arthur Rubovits, Theodore Ruckelhausen, Mrs. Henry Rueckheim, Miss Lillian Ruettinger, John W. Runnells, Mrs. Clive Rupprecht, Mrs. Edgar P. Rushton, Joseph A. Russell, Dr. Joseph W. Russell, Paul S. Rutledge, George E. Ryan, Mrs. William A. Ryerson, Mrs. Donald M. Ryerson, Joseph T. Sackley, Mrs. James A. Sage, W. Otis Salmon, Mrs. E. D. Sammons, Wheeler Sample, John Glen Sandidge, Miss Daisy Sands, Mrs. Frances B. Santini, Mrs. Randolph Sargent, Chester F. Sargent, John R. W. Sargent, Ralph Sauter, Fred J. Sawyer, Ainslie Y. Sawyer, Dr. Alvah L. Schacht, John H. Schafer, 0. J. Schaffner, Mrs. Joseph Schaffner, Mrs. L. L. Scharin, Mrs. J. Hippach Scheidenhelm, Edward L. Scheinman, Jesse D. Schenck, Frederick Schermerhorn, W. I. 116 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Schlichting, Justus L. Schmidt, Dr. Charles L. Schmidt, Mrs. Minna Schmitz, Dr. Henry Schneider, D. G. Schneider, F. P. Schnering, Otto Y. Schnur, Ruth A. Scholl, Dr. William M. Schram, Harry S. Schreiner, Sigurd Schroeder, Dr. George H. Schroeder, Dr. Mary G. Schueren, Arnold C. Schukraft, William Schulze, Mrs. Mathilde Schupp, Philip C. Schurig, Robert Roy Schuyler, Mrs. Daniel J., Jr. Schwander, J. J. Schwanke, Arthur Schwartz, Charles K. Schwartz, Charles P. Schwartz, Dr. Otto Schwarz, Herbert E. Schwarzhaupt, Emil Sclanders, Mrs. Alexander Scott, Miss Maud E. Scott, Robert L. Scribner, Gilbert Scully, Mrs. D. B. Sears, Miss Dorothy Sears, J. Alden Sears, Richard W., Jr. Seaton, G. Leland Seaverns, Louis C. Sedgwick, C. Galen See, Dr. Agnes Chester Seeberger, Mi.ss Dora A. Seeburg, Justus P. Seifert, Mrs. Walter J. Seip, Emil G. Seipp, Clarence T. Seipp, Edwin A., Jr. Seipp, William C. Sello, George W. Sencenbaugh, Mrs. C. W. Seng, V. J. Senne, John A. Shaffer, Carroll Shakman, James G. Shambaugh, Dr. George E. Shanahan, Mrs. David E. Shanesy, Ralph D. Shannon, Angus Roy Shapiro, Meyer Sharpe, N. 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Wright, Warren Wrigley, Mrs. Charles W. Wupper, Benjamin F. Yerkes, Richard W. Yondorf, John David Yondorf, Milton S. Yondorf, Milton S., Jr. Yorkey, Mrs. Margaret Young, B. Botsford Young, E. Frank Young, George W. Young, Hugh E. Zabel, Max W. Zabel, Mrs. Max W. Zapel, Elmer J. Zerler, Charles F. Ziebarth, Charles A. Zimmerman, Herbert P. Zimmerman, Louis W. Zinke, Otto A. Zork, David Aishton, Richard H. Alsip, Charles H. Ashcraft, Raymond M. Barbour, James J. Bartelme, John H. Bentley, Arthur Bowey, Mrs. Charles F. Brand, Mrs. Rudolf Broome, Thornhill Byfield, Dr. Albert H. Ca.sselberry, Mrs. William Evans Chapin, Henry Kent Deceased, 1946 Cooke, Leslie L. Cox, James A. Dean, Samuel Edward Dunham, Miss Lucy Belle Ehrman, Edwin H. Fisher, Mrs. Annie Reich Fisher, George F. Gale, G. Whittier Gansbergen, Mrs. Maude M. Georgs, Fred W. Griffith, E. L. Hagen, Fred J. Henshaw, Mrs. Raymond S. Herrick, Miss Louise Heun, Arthur Hill, Mrs. E. M. Howell, William Hoyne, Thomas Temple Huszagh, R. LeRoy Jaffray, Mrs. David S. Keehn, George W. 119 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (Continued) Lane, Wallace R. Lloyd, William Bross McAllister, Sydney G. McAuley, John E. Mjner, H. J. Moos, Joseph B. Nichols, Mrs. George R. Nicholson, Thomas G. Noyes, David A. Deceased, 1946 {Continued) O'Brien, Frank J. O'Leary, John W. Pam, Miss Carrie Parker, Frank B. Peacock, Walter C. Poole, George A. Post, Frederick, Jr. Quigley, William J. Rice, Arthur L. Schaffner, Robert C. Seipp, Edwin A. Seng, Frank J. Thorne, James W. Tuttle, Emerson Tyler, Mrs. Orson K. Whitehouse, Howard D. Wilson, Mrs. E. Crane Woodruff, George NON'RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum Mitchell, W. A. Baum, Mrs. James Colby, Carl Lindboe, S. R. Meevers, Harvey Niederhauser, Homer Phillips, Montagu Austin Stevens, Edmund W. SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum Bigelow, Mrs. Ann McLennan, Mrs. Page, John W. Eitel, Emil Donald R., Sr. Shillinglaw, David L. Fay, Eugene C. Meyerhoff, A. E. Treadwell. H. A. Lynch, J. W. Mills, Lloyd Langdon Wolnak, George ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum Aagaard, Walter S. Abbott, Mrs. Howard C. Abbott, Mrs. John Jay Abeles, Alfred T. Adams, Cyrus H. Adams, F. W. Adams, Harvey M. Adams, Hugh R. Adams, Hugh R., Jr. Adler, Mrs. William S. Adsit, Harold C. Agar, Mrs. John T. Agar, Mrs. William G. Aggerbeck, Leslie P. Alessio, Frank Alex, Harold R. Alexander, John F. Allais, Mrs. Arthur L. Allbright, R. D. Allen, Albert H. Allen, Amos G. Allen, Frank W. Alrutz, Dr. Louis F. Alton, Robert Leslie Amberg, Harold V. Amberg, Miss Mary Agnes Ambrose, J. F. Ameismaier, Julius Anagnost, Themis Andrus, Royal V. Anschicks, R. J. Antonow, Joseph P. Apfelbach, Mrs. George L. Applegate, Mrs. Harry R Arado, A. D. 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Bratton, L. G. Braudy, Mrs. Louis C. Breckinridge, Miss Mary Breed, Dr. J. Ernest Breen, James W. Breen, John A. Bremner, Dr. M. D. K. Breskin, Louis A. Brettman, Herbert P. Brewer, Harry F. Brichetto, John L. Bridgeman, Wallace C. Briede, Henry J. Briggs, Edward A., Jr. Briggs, George L. Briggs, J. H. Briggs, Ralph E. Brine, John H. Broderick, W. J. Brodie, Dr. Allan G. Brodow, W. B. Broude, Mrs. William S. Brouwer, Rev. Jacob G. Brown, Alexander Brown, Garfield W. Brown, Mrs. George W. Brown, H. Templeton Brown, Mrs. Isidore Brown, Paul W. 121 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Brown, Robert C, Jr. Brown, William W. Browne, Mrs. Grace Greenwood Browne, Leon S. Bruce, Harley N. Brucker, Dr. Matthew W. Bruckner, Mrs. Eugene E. Buik, George C. Bunn, B. H. Burdick, Dr. Allison L. Burdick, Charles B. Burke, L. J. Burnet, Mrs. W. A. Burns, Kenneth J. Burns, Patrick C. Burtis, Clyde L. Burton, Mrs. Anna W. Burull, Miss Ruth M. Busch, Albert Busch, Francis X. Butler, Burtram B. Butler, Mrs. Evelyn Butterfield, George P. Butterfield, Peter Edwin Butz, Mrs. Robert O. Byfield, Ernest L. Byrnes, William Jerome Byron, Samuel S. Cabeen, Richard McP. Caesar, O. E. Callahan, B. E. Callan, T. J. Campbell, C. Roy Campbell, Chesser M. Campbell, Donald A. Canmann, Mrs. Harry L. Cannon, John L Carl, Otto Frederick Carlington, William M. Carlisle, Mrs. William T. Carlstrom, Mrs. Oscar D. Carlton, Mrs. Frank A. Carney, Robert F. Carp, Joseph T. Carpenter, H. R. Carpenter, John Alden Carr, George Wallace Carry, James M. Carson, Mrs. William Sherman Carstens, Milton S. Carter, C. B. Casey, Rev. Joseph A. Caspers, Paul Caspers, Mrs. Raymond I. Cassady, Thomas G. Cassetty, Rev. W. M., Jr. Cassidy, Mrs. James Lyle Cavanagh, Mrs. Joseph J. Cervenka, John A. Channon, Carl Chapman, Ralph Chertow, David Chesler, Morton C. Chesrow, David S. Childs, Kent C. Chrissinger, Horace B. Christensen, Dr. Henry C. Christenson, Dr. P. J. Christopher, Dr. G. L. Citterman, Solomon Clarage, Arthur T. Clark, A. B. Clark, E. L. Clark, Mrs. Ralph E. Clark, Robert H. Clark, Mrs. Robert K. Clarke, Mrs. A. S. C. Clarke, David R. Clarke, Mrs. Philip R. Clasen, W. N. Cleary, Mrs. James M. Clements, J. A. Clifton, Dr. Willie Mae Clizbe, Mrs. F. O. Clonick, Herbert J. Clow, J. Beach Clow, Kent S. Cobbey, J. A. Cochran, Mrs. Thomas H. Coen, Thomas M. Coffey, Miss Mary Coghlan, David L. Cohen, Archie H. Cohen, Harry Cohen, Louis L. Cohn, Harry Cole, Cornelius C. Coleman, Hamilton Coleman, Harry M. Coleman, Mrs. John Collier, John H. Collins, Arthur W. Collins, Mrs. Frank P. Colvin, Miss Bonnie Combiths, Mrs. Wallace T. Combs, Earle M., Jr. Conant, E. D., Jr. Conaway, E. A. Connolly, R. E. Connors, Mrs. Thomas A. Conquest, Victor Consoer, Arthur W. Converse, Earl M. Coogan, Dr. T. J. Cook, H. L. Cook, Junius F., Jr. Cook, Sidney A. Cooper, Charles H. Cornwell, Dr. H. J. Corrigan, Mrs. Michael J. Costigan, Mrs. Eve Charles Coverley, Mrs. Cecile Covington, John R. Cowen, Maurice L. Coyne, Richard T. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Craig, Arthur B. Crandell, S. H. Crist, Luther E. C rites, Joe Crocker, Miss Edith E. Crockett, Wells E. Crone, Charles E. Croney, William B. Cronkhite, A. C. Crowder, James L. Crowell, Dr. Bowman Corning Crown, Mrs. Irving Culbertson, James G. Culbertson, Samuel A., II Cullen, Matthew J. Cummings, Dr. C. A. Cummings, Mrs. Tilden Cunningham, Robert M. Curda, Frank R. Curry, Rev. James C. Curtis, D. C. Curtis, John G. Cuscaden, Fred A. Gushing, John Caleb Cushman, Dr. Beulah Cushman, Robert S. Daemicke, Mrs. Estella Dale, Arthur G. Dale, Dr. Maurice L. Dallwig, P. G. Dalton, Mrs. John W. Daly, James J. Danielson, Reuben G. Danits, Samuel Darby, Raymond J. Darfler, Walter L. Darr, H. S. Darrow, Gerard B. Darrow, WilHam Dwight Daspit, Walter David, Sigmund W. Davidson, Donald Davies, Mrs. H. G. Davis, A. D. Davis, Mrs. Abel Davis, Arthur G. 122 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Davis, Mrs. Charles P. Davis, Charles S. Davis, David Davis, Mrs. F. Ben Davis, Paul H. Davis, Ralph W. Davis, Roy H. Dawson, John A. Dean, Mrs. S. E., Jr. DeBruvn, Dr. Peter P. DeCosta, H. J. Dee, Mrs. Orville A. Dee, P. J. Deeming, W. S. Deffenbaugh, Roy R. Degener, August W. DeLonghe, H. F. Dempsey, John S. Dennison, Craig E. DePencier, Mrs. Joseph R. Depue, Oscar B. Derkers, George C. D'Esposito, Joshua DeWitt, E. J. Dick, Mrs. Edison Dickerson, Earl B. Dickerson, Mrs. Fred G. Dietz, Carl A. Diggs, Dr. N. Alfred Dillbahner, Frank Dingeldein, Karl A. Dinkelman, Harry Director, Harry J. Dispenza, N. R. Dixon, Mrs. Janet Dixon, Mrs. Wesley M. Dixson, Mrs. V. B. Doepp, Mrs. William Dole, Mrs. Andrew R. Donahue, Elmer W. Donaldson, Miss Mima L. Donaldson, Richard J. Donberg, Joseph H. Donnelley, Thorne Doroshaw, J. M. Dorpols, Frank L. Douglas, William C. Dovenmuehle, George H. Dover, S. M. Dowd, Mrs. Frank J. Dowell, Maynard Downs, James C, Jr. Doyle, Miss Alice Drake, Charles R. Drake, G. T. Drake, L. J. Drake, Robert T. Drake, Mrs. Seth C. Dressel, Charles L. Dreyfus, Maurice M. Driscoll, Robert Drobny, Mrs. Herman Dry, Meyer Dubek, John J., Jr. Dubiel, Dr. John C. Dubin, Joseph Dubkin, Leonard Duggan, Charles F. Dulsky, Louis Dunigan, Edward B. Dunkleman, Gabriel Dunlap, George G. Dupee, Mrs. Ralph K. DuVal, Edward R. Duval, Dr. Emile C. Duval, Nathaniel E. Dwyer, J. E. Dygert, Erwin F. Easter, Mrs. Donald W. Eckert, Edward L. Eckhouse, George H. Eddy, Alfred K. Edelstone, Benjamin J. Edgerly, Daniel W. Edquist, Rev. Bertil Ehrlicher, James G. Eichin, Mrs. Charles Eisenberg, David B. Eisenberg, Sam J. Eismann, William Eitel, Emil Eitel, Robert J. Ekman, Stanley V. Elden, A. D. Eldred, Mrs. Harriot W, Elkan, Leo H. Ellerd, Arthur A. Ellington, J. E. Elliott, Dr. Arthur R. Elliott, Mrs. Edwin P. Elliott, William S. Ellis, Hubert C. Elmer, Miss Nancy T. Emery, Mrs. Fred A. Emery, Robert B. Engelhardt, Mrs. Elizabeth Enid, Miss Carolyn Enke, George W. Epstein, Mrs. Arnold Erickson, Hubbard H. Erikson, Carl A. Essley, E. Porter Etshokin, Luery Eulass, E. A. Eustice, Mrs. Alfred L. Evans, Mrs. Arthur T. Evers, John W., Jr. Eyler, Godfrey J. Fairchild, Edmund Fairman, Miss Marian Faissler, John J. Falls, Dr. F. H. Fantus, Ernest L. Faricy, Mrs. William T. Farney, Mrs. Cyril Farnsworth, Mrs. George J. Farrell, Mrs. Ernest H. Farwell, Albert D. Farwell, Mrs. Arthur Favill, Mrs. John Feld, Max Fenn, John F. Fensholt, A. H. Ferrara, Salvatore Ferris, Douglas B. Ferry, Mrs. Frank Field, Mrs. James A. Field, John S. Field, Mrs. Wentworth G. Field, Mrs. William A. Finn, B. L. Finn, Leo P. Finnegan, Thomas J. Finney, Dr. William P. Fischer, Mrs. Louis E. Fish, Mrs. Sigmund C. Fishburn, Mrs. A. M. Fishlove, Irving H. Fitpold, Michael H. Fitzgerald, Edward Fitzgerald, Dr. J. E. Flavin, Lawrence P. Fleckles, L. N., Jr. Fleer, Herman H. Fleming, Paul Fleming, Mrs. W. Lynne Flesch, Stanley J. Fletcher, Joseph Fletcher, R. F. Fletcher, R. P. Flett, James Floreen, Adolph R. Flores, Dr. Marguerite S. Florsheim, Leonard S. Forck, Charles G. Fortin, Joseph T. Foster, George P. Foster, Mrs. Kellam Foster, William S. Fouche, Mrs. G. R. Fowler, Mrs. Earle B. Fowler, Edgar C. Fowler, Gordon F. Fowler, Walter E. Frank, Fred. W. Frank, Raymond W. Frankenstein, Rudolph Franz, Herbert G. Franz, Mrs. John N. Frazee, Seward C. 123 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Frederick, Mrs. George B. Frederick, Mrs. Juanita E. Fredrickson, Carl Fredrickson, J. Simon Freeman, David A. Freeman, Thomas B. Fremont, Miss Ruby Freund, Erwin O. Freund, Mrs. I. H. Friedberg, Dr. Stanton A. Frieder, Edward Friedeman, Richard F. Fugard, John R. Fuhrer, Max Fuller, Mrs. Eugene White Furedy, Frank Furth, Lee J. Futran, Herbert S. Gabel, Walter H. Galanti, Mrs. Charles P. Gale, Abram Gale, M. J. Galgano, John H. Gallagher, John T. Gallauer, William Gamrath, Elmer H. Gardner, George M. Garrabrant, Monroe F. Garside, Dr. Earl Gast, Arthur E. Gatenby, John W., Jr. Gatzert, Mrs. August Gaul, Hermann J., Sr. Gaw, George D. Gaylord, Mrs. Sol H. Gensburg, Samuel H. Geraghty, James K. Geraghty, Mrs. Thomas F. Gerber, Martin S. Gettleman, Samuel R. Getz, Oscar Giesbert, Mrs. Carl A. Gilbert, Theodore Gilbert, W. P. Gilchrist, Mrs. James M. Giles, Dr. Chauncey D. Gill, Joseph L. Gillett, W. N. Gillies, Fred M. Gilman, Mrs. George P. Gilman, James W. Gilroy, John F. Girard, Charles A. Girvin, Ramon B. Giryotas, Dr. Emelia J. Gits, Mrs. Remi J. Glader, Frank J. Gladstone, Myer H. Glaser, James M. R. Glenn, Bruce W. Click, Edward R. Click, Louis G. Godchaux, Leon G. Golden, Mrs. Samuel M. Goldschmidt, M. Goldsmith, Henry M. Goldsmith, Melvin M. Goldstein, Dr. Abraham Goldstein, Mrs. Benjamin F. Goldthorp, Ellsworth Gollan, Jose Santos, Hijo Gomberg, Dr. Harry Gonnerman, Mrs. Allan W. Good, Arthur P. Good, Charles E. Goodall, John C. Goodbar, Harry L. Goodhart, Mrs. H. J. Goodman, Ralph L. Goodman, Mrs. William D. Goodrich, Miss Josephine Goodson, Orr Gordon, Edward Gorski, Martin Gott, Philip P. Couch, Mrs. George Gourfain, A. S., Jr. Grabbe, Werner H. GrafRs, Herbert Grauer, Milton H. Grauer, Dr. Theophil P. Graves, Mrs. Marie J. Graves, Dr. Robert Elliott Green, Mrs. Dwight H. Green, Harry Green, J. F. Green, Norman C. Green, Walter H. Greenhouse, Jacob Greenlee, William B. Grein, Joseph Gresham, Mrs. Laura E. Crier, Dr. Robert M. Grigg, William H. Griglik, Casimir Grimes, J. Frank Crisamore, Oscar L. Groble, Edward B. Groble, Harold E. Grochowski, Mrs. G. S. Groebe, Louis G. Grosberg, Charles Grove, C. G. Gruendel, Mrs. George H. Gumbinger, Miss Dora Gunnar, Mrs. H. P. Gurley, F. G. Gustafson, Miss Anna E. Gustafson, Rev. David Gustafson, Harry M. Gutgsell, Mrs. Emil J. Guthrie, S. Ashley Hackett, Mrs. Karleton S. Haeger, E. H. Hagey, Harry H., Jr. Hagev, J. F. Haigh, D. S. Haines, Mrs. Charles J. Haines, Walter Hajek, Henry F. Hall, Arthur B. Hall, B. Brower Hall, Cameron A. Hall, Clifford F. Hall, Miss Fanny A. Hall, Harry Hall, Louis W. Halligan, W. J. Halperin, Max Halverstadt, Romaine M. Halvorsen, Mrs. F. H. Hamill, Dr. Ralph C. Hamilton, Mrs. Gurdon H. Hamilton, Hugo A. Hammill, Miss Edith K. Hammond, Stevens H. Hammond, William M. Handtmann, G. E. Hank, Bernard J. Hanna, Charles M. Hansen, Mrs. Arthur R. Hansen, Mrs. Fred A. Hansen, Helmer Hardwicke, Harry Hardy, Mrs. Edward K. Hargrave, Homer P. Hargreaves, Mellor Harman, Dr. Hubert F. Harper, Mrs. Paul V. Harrington, Miss Frances Harrington, George Bates Harris, Benjamin R. Harris, Mrs. Maude Dowdell Harris, Mrs. Mortimer B. Harrold, James P. Harshaw, Myron T. Hart, Mrs. G. H. Hart, Mrs. H. G. 124 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Hart, Mrs. Harry Hart, Louis E. Hart, Mrs. Malcolm Hartman, Mrs. Irvin H. Hartman, Milton C. Harvey, Byron S. Harvey, Mrs. Harold B. Harvey, James D. Harvey, Mrs. W. W. Hasbrook, Howard F. Haskell, Clinton H. Hattstaedt, Mrs. John J. Hauck, Clayson J. Hansen, Gerard E. Hawes, Hardin H. Hawkes, Joseph B. Hawkinson, Dr. Oscar Hawthorne, Vaughn R. Hayes, Miss Lucy C. Hazen, Theodore D. Headley, Mrs. Ida M. Heald, Mrs. Henry T. Healy, John J. Heavey, John C. Heckel, Edmund P. Hedly, Arthur H. Hegg, Miss Marian Heifetz, Samuel Heilo, Eric Helgason, Arni Henderson, B. E. Hennessey, William S. Henriksen, H. M. Henry, Sister Mary Herman, Eli Hernandez, Mrs. A. B. Hershenson, Edward Hertz, J. H. Hesse, E. E. Hesseltine, Dr. H. Close Hetreed, Dr. Francis W. Hewes, Howard H. Hibben, Joseph W. Hieber, Reynolds Conrad Hill, Mrs. Cyrus G. Hill, Mrs. Elmer C. Hill, Mrs. Howard C. Hill, Miss Meda A. Hilton, Howard H. Hinman, Sherwood V. Hinshaw, Hainer Hintze, Arthur W. Hipskind, Donald F. Hirsch, Edwin W. Hirsh, Morris Henry Hitchings, LeRoy K. Hite, Miss K. Eileen Hixon, H. Rea Hoag, Mrs. Junius C. Hoag, Dr. Walter C. Hoban, Dr. Eugene T. Hobart, Miss Lois^E. Hobbs, Mrs. J. P. Hobbs, Russell D. Hoben, H. H. Hobson, J. E. Hochfeldt, Wilham F. Hocking, Charles H. Hockman, Miss Miriam L. Hodges, L. C. Hoffman, Joseph Hogenson, William Hogsten, Mrs. Yngve Hokin, Barney E. Hokin, Mrs. David E. Hokin, Samuel E. Holabird, Mrs. Bolter Holabird, William Holcomb, Mrs. R. R. Holland, Herbert H. Holland, Jesse J. Holland, Milton L Holland, Robert L. Holleb, A. Paul Hollerbach, Joseph Holran, Mrs. John Raymond Holzman, Alfred Hooper, A. F. Hope, E. N. Hopkins, Dr. M. B. Hopper, Bernard E. Horton, Mrs. Arthur Horween, Isidore Horween, Ralph Horwich, Alan H. Horwich, Philip Horwitz, Herbert Horwitz, Irving A. Horwitz, Dr. M. S. Hottinger, William H., Jr. Hotz, Ferdinand L. Houda, Dr. Leo Hough, William J. House, Woodford W. Howe, Edward T. Howe, Roger F. Howell, Mrs. Thomas M. Howell, William C. Hoyt, N. Landon, Jr. Hrdlicka, Miss Bohnmilla HrdHcka, Mrs. John D. Hubachek, Frank Brookes Hudson, William J. Huettmann, Fred Hughlett, Mrs. George Huguenor, Lloyd B. Hukar, George Hull, A. E. Hulson, J. W. Humphreys, J. Ross Humphreys, Mrs. Robert E. Hunnemann, Miss Alma M. Hunt, Mrs. William O. Hurlbut, Miss Elizabeth J. Hurley, G. B. Hurley, Stephen E. Hurrell, R. E. Hussman, Carl Huxley, Henry M. Hynes, D. P. Hypes, S. L. Ibsen, C. L. Igoe, Michael L. Iker, Charles Ingram, Lawrence Jackett, C. A. Jackman, Robert M. Jackson, W. H. Jacobs, Joseph M. Jacobs, Nate Jacobs, Mrs. Walter H. James, Ralph C. Jarratt, Walter J. Jarvis, William B. Jenner, Mrs. Austin Jennings, Mrs. C. A. Jennings, Ralph C. Jensen, George P. Jewell, Robert W. Jewett, George F. Job, Dr. Thesle T. Johanigman, S. E. Johnson, Alfred C. Johnson, Mrs. Doris Hurtig Johnson, Edmund G. Johnson, Dr. G. Erman Johnson, Dr. Harvey C. Johnson, Homer B. Johnson, Miss Mayde B. Johnson, Miss Millie C. Johnson, R. C. Johnson, R. T. Johnson, Thomas G. Johnson, Dr. Torrey M. Johnson, Voyle C. Johnston, A. J. Johnston, Bernard F. Jolly, John W. Jones, D. C. Jones, Howard B. Jones, Kent Jones, Owen Barton Jon(>s, Mrs. Walter Clyde Julian, John A. Jung, C. C. 125 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Kahn, Fred S. Kahn, H. Donald Kahn, Louis Kahoun, John A. Kamm, Harold J. Kampmeier, August G. Kane, Mrs. Charles E. Kane, Daniel Francis Kanter, Dr. Aaron E. Kaplan, Frank Kaplan, Samuel Karp, Elmer H. Karpen, Leo Kasbohm, Leonard H. Katz, Miss Jessie Kaumeyer, Mrs. E. A. Kay, Nathan D. Kay, Paul Kay, Richard Kearns, Mrs. Jerry J. Keck, Mathew Keeler, Mrs. Edwin R. Keeler, Leonardo Keene, William J. Keeton, Dr. Robert W, Keim, Melville Keller, Ralph Kelley, Mrs. Phelps Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, John Payne Kelly, Charles Scott Kelsey, L. L. Kendall, G. R. Kennedy, J. G. Keranen, George M. Kern, Dr. Nicholas H. Kerr, Leslie H. Kesses, Rev. Niketas Kettles, Alan Kidwell, James E. Kidwell, Richard E. Kiefer, Mrs. Rose M. Kilberry, F. H. Kiley, Dr. Matthew J. Kimes, Gerald C. Kimmell, Mrs. Kathryn Ann King, H. R. King, J. Andrews King, Miles O. King, Thomas R. King, Willard L. Kingham, J. J. Kipp, Lester E. Kirkman, Robert A. Kirman, Sol C. Kirst, Lyman R. Kittner, Ralph D. Klann, Frank Richard Klapman, Philip A. Klapman, S. J. Klein, Mrs. A. S. Klein, Dr. David Klemperer, Leo A. Klier, Dr. Floyd C. Kling, Leopold Kloppenstein, J. D. Knecht, Mrs. T. L. Knight, Dr. Alva A. Knol, Nicholas Knoll, George Knourek, E. E. Knourek, William M. Knowlson, J. S. Knutson, A. C. Koch, Carl Koenig, Mrs. E. H. Kohlmann, Henry J. Kohn, Henry L. Kohn, Louis A. Kolssak, Louis A. Koltz, George C. Kompare, William F. Kopinski, Louis Koplin, Mrs. Harry Kort, George Korten, Miss Hattie C. Kotas, Rudolph J. Kraemer, Leo Krafft, Walter A. Krafft, Mrs. Walter A. Krag, Franz K. Kramer, Herman J. Krawetz, Mrs. John Kreber, Mrs. Nellie Krez, Leonard O. Krol, Dr. Edward J. Kroll, Harry Kroll, Morris Krotter, Miss Nellie M. Kruesi, F. E. Kruggel, Arthur Krumdieck, Leo Krumske, Paul A. Kruse, W. K. Kuehn, Miss Katherine Kuehn, Oswald L. Kuester, Albert J. Kuhnen, Mrs. George H. Kuhns, Mrs. H. B. Kysela, Thomas E. Lachman, Harold Laird, Robert S. Lambert, Ronald J. Lancaster, A. Pope Lane, George A. Lange, A. G. Langert, A. M. Langford, Joseph P. Laramore, Florian E. Larson, Ehs L. Larson, Simon P. Lasch, Charles F. Laser, M. T. Lash, Dr. A. F. Latham, Carl Ray Latimer, William L. Latshaw, Mrs. Blair S. Lau, Mrs. John Arnold Launder, Ray S. Laven, C. L. Lavieri, Miss Elaine Law, M. A. Lawrence, James Lea, Mrs. Theodore E. Leaf, Harry LeBeau, C. A. LeBeau, Mrs. Oscar T. Lederer, Sigmund M. Lee, A. Franklin Lee, Miss Alice Stephana Lee, Arthur K. Lee, John H. Lehman, 0. W. Lehmann, Miss Thesy R. Leibrandt, George F. Leitz, Miss Theodora Lerch, William H. Lessman, Gerhard Levin, Louis Levine, William Levine, William D. Levy, Paul Levy, Richard Lewis, Mrs. Walker O. Lichtenstein, Walter Liebenow, J. Gus Lillyblade, Clarence O. Lindeman, John H. Lindsay, Mrs. Martin Lindsley, A. J. Line, Dr. Eva J. Lingott, Richard H. Linke, Walter Linthicum, J. Francis Linville, Ralph O. Linville, Richard D. Lipman, Abraham Lippincott, R. R. Lippman, Mrs. William Lipshutz, Joseph Livingston, Charles C. Llewellyn, Mrs. K. Lloyd, C. L. Lloyd, Miss Georgia Lloyd, Glen A. Lochridge, W. F. Lock, Gilbert L. Lockwood, Lawrence A. Lodge, E. A. Loeb, Arthur A. Loeb, Mrs. Ernest G. Lofquist, Karl E. Logan, Waldo H. Lome, Philip 126 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Loomis, Miss Marie Loomis, W. W. Lopez, Abelardo G. Lopez, Joseph G. Loring, Mrs. Arthur A. Losos, Edward J. Loung, George, Jr. Love, John T. Ludolph, Arthur L. Lung, Miss Carole A. Luning, Mrs. Henry H. Lynch, Mrs. Cora E. Lyon, James L. Lyon, Mrs. Jeneva A. MacFarland, Hays Macfarland, Lanning Macfarlane, Mrs. W. E. Mack, Joseph MacKellar, Dr. John D. MacKenzie, William J. MacLean, Mrs. John A., Jr. MacLean, William P. Maddock, Miss Alice E. Mall, Arthur W. Manasse, DeWitt J. Manaster, Henry Mangan, R. K. Mannette, Mrs. Russell L. Manning, Frank E. Manning, Frederick W. Manning, Mrs. Herbert S. Manning, Dr. Paul D. V. Mansfield, Alfred W. Mansfield, Ralph Manta, Mrs. John L. Manz, George R. Marcus, Abel Marcussen, Miss Esther L. Mark, Griflith Markman, Samuel K. Markus, Henry A. Marling, Mrs. Franklin, Jr. Marnane, James D. Marquart, Arthur A. Marrs, Dean Martin, Cecil Martin, Mrs. Edwin Dudley Martin, Mrs. John Sayre, Jr. Marx, Archibald B. Mathews, Mrs. John W. Mathieu, Auguste Mattes, Harold C. Matthews, Francis E. Matthews, J. H. Maxwell, Mrs. Augustus K. May, Sol Maybrun, Arthur E. Mayer, Edwin W. C. Mayer, Mrs. James Leo Mayer, Richard Maynard, Edwin T. Maynard, Robert W. Maywald, Elmer C. McArthur, Mrs. S. W. McBride, W. Paul McCaffrey, J. L. McCann, Charles J. McCarty, Miss Ada Marie McCoy, Charles S. McCreery, C. L. McCullough, Robert Osgood McDaniel, Mrs. Paul H. McDowell, Miss Ada V. McEnery, Dr. Eugene T. McGregor, Robert C. McGuire, Simms D. McHenry, Irving McHenry, Roland McKay, Miss Mabel McKibbin, Mrs. George B. McKisson, Robert W. McLaughlin, A. G. McLaughlin, Mrs. George D. McLaughlin, Dr. James H. McMahon, Miss Nellie G. McMaster, A. B. McMullen, A. W. McNall, Quinlan J. McNally, Frederick L. McNamara, Donald McC. McNamara, Robert C. McNulty, James J. McSurely, Mrs. William H. Mead, Dr. Irene T. Medberry, Mrs. L. J. Meek, Miss Margaret E. Meers, James D. Meers, Miss Martha Mehan, J. H. Mendelson, Morris Mentzer, John P. Merritt, Thomas W. Mertz, Miss Henriette Metzenberg, John B. Metzger, M. A. Meyer, Albert F. Meyer, Stanton M. Meyer, Wallace Meyerson, Joel Michaelsen, Christian S. Michalaros, Demetrios Millard, A. E. Millard, Mrs. E. L. Miller, Amos C. Miller, Charles L. Miller, Mrs. Grace Edwards Miller, J. M. Miller, Karl B. Miller, M. Glen Miller, WilHam H. Milliken, J. H. Mills, Mrs. Herbert S., Jr. Milner, Leopold Milnor, George S. Mirabella, Mrs. S. F. Miske, Erwin K. Mitchell, Mrs. James Herbert Mitchell, Mrs. R. B. Mizen, Frederic Kimball Mohr, Albert, Jr. Moll, Ernest E. Mollendorf, J. D. Molter, Harold Monroe, Walter D. Moore, Mrs. Agnes C. Moore, Donald F. Moore, Dr. E. M. Moore, Harold T. Moore, Dr. Josiah J. Moore, Kenneth W. Moore, Lucien W. Moore, Oscar L. Moorman, Charles L. Morgaridge, K. E. Mork, P. R. Morris, Milton H. Morris, P. G. Morrow, Mrs. John, Jr. Mossman, John E. Mower, Mrs. Delia Moyer, Burton B. Mudd, Mrs. J. A., Jr. Mudge, Frederick S. Mueller, Mrs. Florian Mueller, Richard Muench, C. G. Muir, Edward G. Mulcahy, Mrs. Michael F. Mullady, Walter F. Muller, Allan Mulligan, Joseph B. Mullin, Miss Frances M. Munnecke, Mrs. Wilbur C. Munsert, Mrs. Helen W. 127 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Munson, Lyle Murchison, T. E. Murphy, Henry C. Murphy, J. P. Murphy, Thomas J., Jr. Murray, Dr. Alfred N. Murray, William M. Musick, Philip Lee Myers, Harold B. Myers, Milton M. Nacey, Harry M. Naflfz, Mrs. L. E. Nafziger, R. L. Nash, R. D. Nath, Bernard Nau, Otto F. Nauman, J. C. Neff, Ward A. Nelson, Charles M. Nelson, Earl W. Nelson, Mrs. Henri E. Ness, J. Stanley Newberger, Ralph Newcomer, Mrs. Paul Newman, Charles H. Newman, Mrs. Jacob Newton, Francis L. Newton, James L. Newton, Dr. Roy C. Nilson, Alfred R. Nisen, Charles M. Noble, Guy L. Nolte, Mrs. Charles B. Norris, Mrs. James North, Mrs. F. S. Norton, G. A. Norton, Harold K. Notz, Mrs. John K. Novick, Daniel Novotny, Richard R. Nunne, William Nussear, George S. Nylander, Dr. Victor T. Oberhelman, Dr. Harry A. Oberne, George S. O'Brien, Dale O'Brien, M. J. Ochsner, Dr. Edward H. O'Connell, Dr. John S. O'Connor, Mrs. Peter P. Ogilvie, Alexander W. T. Ogilvie, Elmer E. O'Hara, Arthur J. O'Hearn, Rev. John J. O'Keefe, John F. Oleson, PhiHp H. Olin, Mrs. David Olin, Edward L. Oliver, Dr. Marguerite Olsen, Dr. Charles W. Olsen, W. M. Olson, Edward M. Olson, H. Edsall O'Neal, William James O'Neill, Dr. Eugene J. Opeka, Frank M. Oppenheimer, Alvin Orban, Dr. Balint Orschel, Albert K. Osborne, W. Irving, Jr. Ossendorff, Dr. K. W. Ottman, J. H. Overend, Robert B. Overmyer, Franklin R. Paddock, Forrest G. Palmer, Mrs. Claude Irwin Palmer, Curtis H. Pandaleon, Costa A. Parker, Austin H. Parker, Miss Edith P. Parker, George S. Parks, Burritt A. Parrott, George H. Patch, A. Huntington Pauley, Clarence O. Paulus, Mrs. Max G. Payson, Randolph Pearce, Charles S. Peirce, Mrs. Clarence A. Pencik, Mrs. Miles F. Pendergast, Frank Pendleton, Maurice B. Pennebaker, John Paul Penner, Louis L. Penner, Samuel Peponis, Arthur H. Perel, Harry Z. Perin, Reuben L. Perlman, I. B. Perlstein, Mrs. Harris Perreault, Earl E. Perry, Arthur C. Pershing, Mrs. Magdalene M. Person, Dr. Algot G. Peterkin, Daniel, Jr. Peterson, V. W. Petrie, John Petrie, Morton H. Pettibone, Holman D. Pfaelzer, Mrs. Monroe Pflager, Charles W. Phelps, Erastus R. Phelps, William Henry Phillips, Arno H. Phillips, Mrs. Howard C. Picha, Miss Sylvia M. Richer, William S. Pick, Joseph Richard Pier, H. M. Pillinger, Douglass Pillsbury, Mrs. Charles S. Pirie, Mrs. S. C, Jr. Pitman, Mrs. Harold M. Pitt, A. A. Pletz, S. R. Plotkin, Mrs. Oscar H. Plummer, Daniel C, Jr. Poe, Miss Frances Poll, Morris A. Pollock, Mrs. Lewis J. Pond, M. C. Pondrom, Alfred J. Pontius, Mrs. G. V. Ponton, George A. Pope, George J. Pope, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Pope, Sidney T. Porges, Dr. Otto Porter, Dr. Eliot F. Porter, Dr. George J. Post, Myron H. Potter, Mrs. T. A. Powell, Nathan N. Power, John W. Powers, Frank M. Powers, William F. Poyer, Stephen A. Praed, William G. Praeger, Charles H. Pratt, J. H. Preble, Robert C. Preikschat, Ray W. Prentice, J. Rockefeller Prescott, Morton S. Press, Robert Preston, G. G. Preus, J. A. 0. Price, Mrs. George E. Price, Griswold A. Prince, William Wood Prindle, James H. Pritchard, N. H. Probst, Marvin G. Proby, Dr. Edmund A. Prosser, John A. Pruitt, Raymond S. Putz, Dr. WilHam E. Quackenbush, E. W. Quan, John B. Quarrie, William F. Quisenberry, T. E. Randall, Frank A. Randolph, Murray Rane, Max R. Ranney, Mrs. George A. Rasmussen, Frank Ray, Mrs. Herbert S. 128 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Raymond, Mrs. Clifford S. Rayner, Lawrence Rayunec, Miss Ollie Reace, William T. Read, Freeman C. Ready, Charles H. Reed, Mrs. Frank C. Reese, Mrs. C. W. Regensburg, James Regnery, Fred L. Reilly, Vincent P. Rein, Le.ster E. Reiser, Miss Irene K. Renier, Edward P. Renken, Miss Martha Rennie, Lewis M. Renouf, William ReQua, Mrs. Charles H. Resag, Horace J. Reskin, Charles G. Revelli, Mrs. Yvonne Sohn Reynolds, Mrs. Agnes H. Reynolds, Mrs. Thomas A. Reynolds, Mrs. G. William Rhoads, Dr. Paul S. Richards, Oron E. Richert, John C. Ricker, Jewett E. Ricks, Ivan Ridley, Mrs. E. N. Riggs, Mrs. Joseph A. Riggs, Dr. Lloyd K. Riley, John H. Rinaker, Samuel M. Ring, Mrs. Ray M. Ritter, Miss Lavinia Rix, Bernard J. Robbins, Burr L. Robbins, Mrs. Charles C. Robbins, Laurence B. Roberti, Romolo Roberts, J. B. Roberts, J. K. Roberts, Miss Margaret A. Robertson, Egbert Robertson, Theodore B. Robinson, Miss Nellie Robinson, Reginald Victor Robson, Mrs. Oscar Rocca, Mrs. Josephine Roche, John Pierre Rochlitz, O. A. Rockhold, Mrs. Charles W. Rockwell, Theodore G. Roden, Carl B. Roefer, Henry A. Rogers, Mrs. J. B. Rogers, Milton P. Roggenkamp, John Roman, B. F. Ronning, Magnus I. Rook, Miss Vaughn Roos, Edwin J. Rosenbaum, Mrs. Joseph Rosenberg, Ben L. Rosenberg, Mrs. Bernhard Rosenfels, Mrs. Irwin S. Rosenson, Herzl Rosenthal, M. A. Rosenthal, Mrs. N. H. Ross, Earl Ross, Dr. H. M. Ross, Dr. John Chester Ross, Joseph F. Ross, K. B. Ross, Dr. Martin T. Ross, Mrs. Sophie S. Rosset, Harry Roth, Arthur J. Rothschild, Mrs. Maurice L. Rowley, William A. Roy, Mrs. Rupert C. Rubert, William F. Rugen, Fred A. Rumbel, Mrs. Florence A. Ruskamp, William H. Ruskin, Mrs. Harry H. Rutherford, M. Drexel Ryan, Arnold W. Ryan, CD. Ryan, Mrs. Lawrence J. Ryerson, Mrs. Anthony M. Sager, Mrs. S. Norman Saladin, Harry J. Salberg, Emil B. Salmon, Rudolph B. Salomon, Ira Salomon, William E. Sammet, J. M. Samuels, Benjamin Sanborn, Mrs. V. C. Sandberg, Harry S. Sandel, Mrs. Clara Sandvold, Mrs. W. C. Sang, Philip D. Sauerman, John A. Saunders, Dr. Robert H. Saunders, Thomas W. Sauter, Allen C. Sawyer, Dr. C. F. Sayers, Mrs. A. J. Sayre, Dr. Loren D. Scalbom, O. Trumbull Scalbom, Oscar L. Scarborough, Mrs. Henry Schaar, B. E. Schafer, Mrs. Elmer J. Schaffner, Arthur B. Schaffner, Miss Marion Schaus, Carl J. Schell, Rev. R. G. Schenker, Ben W. Scheuber, Alphons J. Schiller, Dr. A. L. Schiltz, M. A. Schipfer, Dr. L. A. Schlatter, Miss Nina E. Schlossberg, Mrs. Harry Schlossberg, Max Schlossman, Norman J. Schmidt, George A. Schmidt, Mrs. Siegfried G. Schmus, Elmer E. Schneider, Benjamin B. Schnur, Joseph M. Schnute, Dr. William J. Schobinger, Miss Elsie Scholl, Bertha M. Schulze, Paul Schuman, J. R. Schureman, Jean L. Schuttler, Mrs. Peter Schuyler, L. H. Schwab, Martin C. Schwartz, Joseph Schwartz, Selwyn S. Schweitzer, E. O. Schwemm, Earl M. Scofield, Clarence P. Scott, Mrs. Cortlandt N. Scott, Frederick H. Scott, George A. H. Scudder, Mrs. Barrett Seass, Arthur Robert Seaverns, George A., Jr. Secord, Burton F. Seder, A. R. Segal, Myron M. Segal, Victor Segil, Harold T. Selfridge, Calvin F. Selig, Lester N. Sellers, Paul A. Selz, A. K. Senear, Dr. F. E. Sexton, Mrs. Thomas G. Sharpe, Donald W. Shaw, John I. Shea, Harry F. Shedd, Mrs. Charles C. Sheffer, K. A. Shepherd, Edward W. 129 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Sheridan, Leo J. Sherman, H. C. Shipley, Dr. Carl V. Shirk, Miss Lydia E. Shlopack, Wallace B. Short, Leland W. Shrader, Frank K. Shroyer, Malcolm E. Siblev, Joseph C, Jr. Siegel, David T. Sieger, Joseph F. Sillani, Mrs. Mabel W. Silverman, Harry Silverstein, Milton Silverstein, Ramond Sima, Dr. Charles A. Simpson, Bruce L. Sincere, Henry B. Singer, William A. Sinnerud, Dr. O. P. Slasor, Floyd Sloan, William F. Smaha, O. O. Smalley, B. L. Smalley, Dr. Charles Smart, David A. Smerz, E. J. Smith, Mrs. G. O. Smith, H. S. Smith, Harold A. Smith, Harry E., Jr. Smith, John F., Jr. Smith, Monroe A., Jr. Smith, Reynold S. Snider, Dr. S. Sinclair Snoberger, R. E. Snydacker, Mrs. E. F. Snyder, Oliver C. Sola, Joseph G. Sollitt, Mrs. Ralph T. Sollitt, Sumner S. Somerville, Mrs. Helen Somes, J. J. Sonne, Mrs. Fred T. Sonnenschein, Mrs. Edward Sorley, Dr. Milford S. Soukup, Mrs. Ravmond J. Speed, Dr. Kellog Spencer, Arthur T. Spencer, Miss Elizabeth J. Spiegel, Mrs. Philip Spielmann, Willson Spiess, Carlos A. Spieth, Mrs. Angeline Spitz, M. W. Spivack, Dr. Julius L. Springsguth, Robert C. Staffelbach, Earl T. Stahl, Felix B. Stanton, Mrs. John W. Stanton, Lyman A. Starrett, Miss Carolyn J. Starshak, A. L. Steffen, Charles Steffensen, Sigurd Steffey, D. Earl Steger, Miss Josephine Stein, Mrs. Henry L. Stein, Mrs. S. Sidney Steins, Mrs. Halsey Steinwedell, William Stemm, R. Edward Stensgaard, W. L. Stephen, Alexander F. Stephens, Miss Laura G. Stern, Mrs. Alfred Stern, David B., Jr. Stern, Herbert L. Stern, Herbert L., Jr. Stern, Jacob S. Steuer, Mrs. Joseph True Stevens, Miss Charlotte M. Stevens, Mrs. R. St. John Stevers, Martin D. Stewart, E. E. Stewart, George R. Stibgen, Gearv V. Stifler, Mrs. j'. M. Stiles, J. F., Jr. Stoehr, Kurt Stoffels, Oscar A. Stolle, Arthur E. Stone, Dr. F. Lee Stone, Mrs. John . Sheppard Storkan, Mrs. James Stormont, Dr. D. L. Storms, North Stout, Frederick E. Straka, Frank B. Stransky, Franklin J. Stratton, Mrs. E. W. Stratton, Paul Stratton, Robert C. Strauch, Dr. August Straus, Harry C. Straus, Mrs. Robert E. Stresenreuter, Mrs. Charles H. Stresen-Reuter, Frederick A. Strodel, F. A. Strohmeier, Dr. Otto E. Strong, Joseph L. Strong, U. D. Strong, Dr. R. M. Stroup, William B. Stuart, Robert K. Stuart, William M. Stude, Henry Stumes, Charles B. Sturla, Harry L. Sudler, Carroll H., Jr. Sullivan, Joseph P. Suyker, Hector Swanson, Holgar G. Swift, T. Philip Switzer, Mrs. James W. Symes, J. M. Symmes, William H. Symonds, Merrill Talbot, Mrs. Eugene S., Jr. Tarlow, Dr. Lillian S. Tarnopol, Emil Tarrant, Mrs. Robert Tarrson, Albert J. Tartak, Paul H. Tatge, Paul W. Taylor, Mrs. A. Thomas Taylor, Fitzhugh Taylor, George H. Taylor, Mrs. Samuel G. Teach, Jacob A. Teare, W. C. Tegarden, J. E. Teich, Mrs. Ernest A. Teitelbaum, Irving E. Temps, Leupold Teninga, Alfred J. Tenney, Henry F. Test, Dr. Frederick C. Testin, Dr. Henry S. Thaver, Dr. Eugene A. Thei'ss, Otto H. Thomas, Mrs. John W., Sr. Thomas, Lee B. Thompson, Ernest H. Thompson, Mrs. G. F. Thorek, Dr. Philip Thoren, Mrs. J. N. Thorne, Mrs. Gordon C. Thorson, Reuben Throop, Mrs. George Enos Thurrott, J. Angus Tichy, Dr. Elsie M. Tighe, Thomas Timmings, G. H. Timpson, Mrs. T. William Tippens, Mrs. Albert H. Todd, A. Tonk, Percy A. Toomey, John T. Toomin, Philip R. Topaz, Martin Toplon, Irving S. Toren, E. Clifford 130 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Trautmann, Mrs. Theodore Traver, George W. Tregenza, A. E. Tremain, Miss Eloise R. Trier, Robert Troeger, Louis P. Trumbull, Mrs. Charles L. Trumbull, Robert F. Tschampel, Paul Turnbull, Mrs. George C. Turner, Frederick W. Turner, Dr. Herbert A. Turner, Maurice Tuteur, Charles Tuteur, Irving M. Tyrrell, Miss Frances Ullmann, S. E. Unger, Paul R. Unwin, Mrs. Parkinson Urban, Andrew Ursin, Mrs. Ben E. Utley, Mrs. Clifton M. VanDahm, Peter VanDeventer, William E. VanHagen, Mrs. George E. VanNice, Errett VanSlyke, Wirt B. Varel, Mrs. C. D. Varty, Leo G. Velde, James A. Vilsoet, William Vinson, Owen Vloedman, Dr. D. A. Vogel, James B. vonPerbandt, Mrs. Louis Vose, Mrs. Frederic P. Wach, Dr. Edward C. Wacker, Fred G. Wadler, Milton Arnold Wagner, Richard Wahl, Herman L. Waite, Roy E. Walcher, Alfred Waldeck, Herman Walker, Dr. Alfred O. Walker, Wendell Wallace, Charles Ross Wallace, R. G. Wallen, Miss Marguerite Lorraine Wallenstein, Sidney Waller, William, Jr. Wallgren, Eric M. Walters, Gary G. Walz, John W. Wanzer, Howard H. Wardwell, H. F. Ware, John Angus Ware, Mrs. Robert R. Ware, Willis C. Warner, Ernest N. Warner, Mason Warr, Harold G. Warren, L. Parsons Warren, Patrick Warren, William G. Washburn, Dr. Kenneth C. Wassell, Charles K. Wasserman, Hy Wasserman, Samuel A. Wasson, Theron Waterhouse, Paul G. Waterman, C. W. Waters, Mrs. Marshall A. Watkins, Frank A. Watkins, Frederick A. Watkins, Mrs. Richard W. Watling, John Watt, Herbert J. Way, Mrs. Henry J. Wayne, Michael Weber, James E. Webster, A. Webster, Harry C. Webster, James Webster, N. C. Weeks, Miss Dorothy Weidert, William C. Weil, David M. Weiner, Charles Weinress, S. J. Weismantel, Miss Theresa A. Weiss, Alexander Weiss, Louis A. Weissenborn, Leo Julius Welch, R. T. Welch, W. M. Wells, Charles C. Wells, F. Harris Welshon, Mrs. Mary C. Werth, A. Herman Wescott, Dr. Virgil West, Mrs. Mary Lavelle West, Dr. OHn Westerlin, Mrs. J. M. Wetmore, Horace O. Wexler, Mrs. Jerrold Wezeman, Frederick H. Wheeler, Mrs. Maida B. Wheelock, Miss Ellen P. Whipple, Miss Velma D. Whiston, Frank M. White, Gravbiel Graham White, Mrs. Harold R. White, Mrs. Lynne L. White, William J. Whitelock, John B. Whitnell, Mrs. William W. Whitney, Mrs. Charles R. Wible, R. R. Wickland, Algot A. Wickman, C. E. Wilbur, Lawrence S. Wilby, A. C. Wilcox, Edward B. Wilcox, Mrs. Harold C. Wilcox, Howard A. Wilcox, Robyn Wilcoxson, Mrs. Arthur L. Wilds, John L. Willard, Mrs. Charles H. Willard, Nelson W. Williams, Harry W. Williams, Lawrence Williams, Thomas L. Wilson, Arlen J. Wilson, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Wilson, Miss Fanny B. Wilson, Holmes Wilson, Percival C. Wilson, Miss S. Edna Wing, Wallace E. Winsberg, G. L. Winsberg, Herbert H. Winsberg, Leo Winsberg, Samuel Winston, Mrs. Farwell Winterbotham, John R. Wise, Herman Wise, James E. Witkowsky, James Wolf, Morris E. Wolff, Frank C. Wolff, Oscar M. Woltersdorf, Arthur F. Wood, Mi.ss Aileen Wood, Edward W. Wood, F. Upton Wood, Harvey E. Wood, Henry PauU Wood, John W. Wood, Kenneth H. Wood, Milton G. Wood, Mrs. R. Arthur Wood, Rev. Walter S. Wood, Dr. William Woodson, William T. Woodyatt, Dr. Rollin Turner Woolard, Francis C. Woolf, S. Roger Woollard, Ernest V. 131 ANNUAL MEMBERS (Continued) Worthy, Mrs. James C. Wright, William Ryer Wright, Mrs. R. G. Wrisley, George A. Wrisley, L. Norton Wuichet, West Wulbert, Morris Wurth, Mrs. William Yanofsky, Dr. Hyman Yates, John E. Yates, William H. Young, C. S. Youngberg, Arthur C. Youngren, W. W. Youngsma, T. S. Zadek, Milton Zahn, Louis Zaleski, Boleslaw Zalewski, C. Stanley Zangerle, A. Arthur Zelzer, Harry Zillman, Mrs. L. C. Zimmermann, Mrs. P. Zipse, Edwin W. Zischke, Herman Zitzewitz, Elmer K. ZoUa, Abner M. Altheimer, Ben J. Bonfield, Paul H. Burton, Robert N. Cameron, Mrs. Anson Carter, Mrs. C. B. Chandler, Charles H. Corper, Erwin Cunningham, Secor Fisher, Stephen J. Deceased, 1946 Glynn, Mrs. John E. Graydon, Charles E. Holzheimer, Joseph Joy, James A. Lobdell, Harry H. Matchett, David F. Meeker, Arthur Millar, Ronald Moore, Nathan G. Mueller, Dr. E. W. Musgrave, Dr. George J. Phelps, Mrs. Cassius H. Reynolds, John B. Richter, Arthur Schupp, Robert W. Stumpp, Hugo J. Trude, Daniel P. 132 i Articles of Incorporation STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State To All to Whom These Presents Shall Come, Greeting: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the office of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, a.d. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in accordance with the provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [Seal] Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State: Sir: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amenda- tory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the "COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO." 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dissemi- nation of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illustrating Art, Archaeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of Fifteen (15) Trustees, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. {Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer 133 Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Melville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. State of Illinois 1 !■ ss. Cook County J I, G. R. Mitchell, a Notary Public in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowl- edged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, [Seal] Notary Public, Cook County, III. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of Twenty-one (21) Trustees, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 15th day of November, 1943, the name of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY was changed to CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed November 23, 1943, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. 134 Amended By-Laws DECEMBER, 1945 ARTICLE I MEMBERS Section 1. Members shall be of twelve classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Corresponding Members, Benefactors, Contributors, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. Section 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of Twenty Dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. Section 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. Section 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. Section 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. Section 6. Corresponding Members shall be chosen by the Board from among scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries, who render important service to the Museum. They shall be elected by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings. They shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 7. Any person contributing to the Museum One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) or more in cash, securities, or material, may be elected a Contributor of the Museum. Contributors shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 8. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. Section 9. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the vote of the Board, 135 become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall be entitled to tickets admitting Member and members of family, includ- ing non-resident home guests; all publications of the Museum issued during the period of their membership, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and enter- tainments under the auspices of the Museum, provided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of membership and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Member. Non-Resident Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. Section 10. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the Member to free admission for the Mem- ber and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications issued during the period of their membership as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such Member shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. Section 11. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the Member to a card of admission for the Member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the Member and family to all Museum lectures and entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co-operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the museums during a visit to the cities in which the co-operative museums are located. Section 12. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the- Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. Section 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of the month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. Section 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III HONORARY TRUSTEES Section 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, any Trustee who by reason of inability, on account of change 136 of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capa- city shall resign his place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS Section 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-President shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. Section 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. Section 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V the treasurer Section 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpora- tion, except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants, signed by such officer, or officers, or other persons as the Board of Trustees may from time to time designate. Section 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely: the President or one of the Vice- Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. The President or any one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with either the Chairman or any one of the other members of the Finance Committee, are authorized and empowered (a) to sell, assign and transfer as a whole or in part the securities owned by or registered in the name of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and, for that purpose, to endorse certificates in blank or to a named person, appoint one or more attorneys, and execute such other instru- ments as may be necessary, and (b) to cause any securities belonging to this Corpo- ration now, or acquired in the future, to be held or registered in the name or names of a nominee or nominees designated by them. Section 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. Section 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of "The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of the Chicago Natural History Museum" fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. 137 ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com- mittees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force. Section 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Museum — Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology — each under the charge of a Chief Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Chief Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Depart- ments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Chief Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum. Section 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII THE AUDITOR Section 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII committees Section 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension, and Executive. Section 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of not less than five or more than seven members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the mem- bers are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chairman, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named. Second Vice-Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. Section 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. Section 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. 138 Section 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to make and alter investments from time to time, reporting its actions to the Board of Trustees. The Finance Committee is fully authorized to cause any funds or investments of the Corpora- tion to be made payable to bearer, and it is further authorized to cause real estate of the Corporation, its funds and investments, to be held or registered in the name of a nominee selected by it. Section 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. Section 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recom- mendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expendi- tures stated are authorized. Section 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all account- ing and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert individual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. Section 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. Section 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. Section 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX nominating committee Section 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Committee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three members of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X Section 1. Whenever the word "Museum" is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. Section 2. The By-Laws, and likewise the Articles of Incorporation, may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote in favor thereof of not less than two-thirds of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. 139 ;;:'v»; m :^*i ^i UNIVERSE OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 3 0112 084204970 f ) 1 i •